GORTO Graphical Dependency Analyzer User Manual
Contents
1. First the general concepts of descriptions of symbols and dependencies shall be explained Description of symbols Symbols are described by their names and their attributes The attributes are arranged under the symbol name and sorted in the sequence of the computed partitions Additionally the synthesized attributes are moved right with respect to the inherited attributes so that the layout of all attributes implicitly describe the computed partition If in case of cyclic dependencies no partitions can be computed the sequence of the description of course does not represent a partition In this case the inherited attributes are located before the synthesized attributes Description of dependencies Dependencies are described by an arrow which is located between both involved at tributes pointing the dependent attribute To mark different origins of dependencies the following different lines are used straight line direct dependency dashed line caused by induction of dependencies doted line caused by partitioning 8 GORTO Graphical Order Tool 3 4 Productions A production window shows the dependency graph for a production as well as the infor mation concerning the status of the production The described dependencies can be traced interactively Status indication The upper part of the production window contains information about the actual status of this production Every single entry has the same meaning as the correspondin2. TopLevelShell paned hPaned rules prodList View symbols symbolList View T NN De mainMenuButton state topologicalMenuButton rules prodList partitionMenuButton symbols symbolList MenuButton Label MenuButton Form List MenuButton Form List rules cyclic arranged changed visitSeq symbols cyclic arranged changed partitioned Label Toggle Toggle Toggle Toggle Label Toggle Toggle Toggle Toggle Structure of Rule and Symbol windows m symbol TopLevelShell TopLevelShell rulePaned vpaned Paned Paned state ruleView state symbolV iew Label Viewport Label Vie T ruleGraph symbolGraph Graph Graph Structure of the window to select the according rules in symbol windows symbolRules TransientShell paned Paned label cancel rules Label Command List Structure of the dialogue window to hide attributes Chapter 4 Layout Adaptation 17 hide unhide TransientShell paned Paned label selectBox genBox Label Form PM name confirm cancel including constituent chain AsciiText Command Command Command Command Command Structure of visit sequences Lido source text and announcements visitSeq Message TopLevelShell TransientShell visitSeqView lido msg Viewport TopLevelShell Dialog visitSeqGraph lidoText Ok Graph AsciiText Command 4 3 Graph Widget The graph widget is a widget adapted to GORTO It is used to describe different dependency grap
3. production menu shows the visit sequences of a production together with the lifetimes of the attribute instances within this production The visit sequence can be modified within the frame of the certain restrictions 12 GORTO Graphical Order Tool Description visit sequences A visit sequence will be described by a sequence of operations which are located one below the other The operations are described by a short text which contains several informations depending on the type of the operation In case of more than one leave from root symbol of the production each single visit is separated and terminated with a leave operation The lifetime of all attribute instances which are computed in the described visit sequence is shown in form of a dependency This dependency starts with the computation and ends with the last use of the attribute value Modification of visit sequences As mentioned earlier the described visit sequence can be modified within the frame of the remaining freedom When selecting an operation by pressing the mouse button the area in which this operation can be moved without any conflicts is shown The operation can be moved by pressing Button2 at the new position similar to moving in partitions Operations which can t be moved are printed in bold and italic like the critical attributes in dependency graphs The Visit sequence Menu The visit sequence menu can be activated by pressing Button3 and allows the follow
4. GORTO Graphical Dependency Analyzer User Manual V Niepel K J Prott U Kastens University of Paderborn D 4790 Paderborn F R G Revision 4 5 Table of Contents 1 Introduccion ias e rm ceed Re 1 2 Using GORTO within ELI 3 A bec ieqadesbatebtesdum desideras 5 3 1 The windows of GORTO 22 cu ns 5 3 2 The Main Window eat 6 3 3 Description of Symbols and Dependencies 00005 7 3 4 Productions nn a Due a eU 8 3 5 Symbols nissan iaa D 10 3 6 Visit sequences ssueeeeeeeeeee ehm nen 11 4 Layout Adaptation Luuss 13 4 1 Resources of GORTO cu scene nennen 13 4 2 Internal Interface Structure esses 16 4 3 Graph Widget tree an 17 Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 Introduction This is a user manual for the tool GORTO GORTO is a graphical tool for analysis and modification of dependencies in attribute grammars It is part of the LIGA system The graphical representation requires execution under the X Window system GORTO offers the following support for attribute grammar development e Graphical representation and analysis of the dependency graphs for productions and symbols e Graphical representation and modification of partitions e Graphical representation and modification of visit sequences GORTO has a graphical user interface in which the mentioned information is represented Interactive modification by the u
5. ation of the selected dependencies as a directed path and open a new window if necessary Modification of Partitions GORTO divides the attributes of a symbol into two different classes critical and non critical attributes Critical attributes are those attributes which can t be moved to another partition without increasing the total number of partitions Non critical attributes can be moved up to a certain extend within the actual partitioning The critical attributes are displayed in bold and italic the non critical attributes described in a normal font GORTO offers three possibilities to modify a partition Moving of a non critical attribute First a non critical attribute has to be selected with the mouse button This attribute can be moved by selecting another partition of attributes of the same class with button2 The attribute is then automatically fixed to the desired partition by insert onof two dependencies to critical attributes in the adjacent partitions Chapter 3 Usage 11 Adding a new partition Before or after the actual partitions a new partition can be added which contains a selected attribute Again the attribute has to be selected with the mouse button Afterwards the new partition can be added before or after all of the the existing partitions by selecting an attribute of the first or the last partition with the Shift Button2 The selected attribute will be used to produce a new dependency which forces the computati
6. entation we suggest to call GORTO under ELI to practice what is described in the following The following types of windows are offered Main window The main window of GORTO is divided in several parts and includes the possi bility of activating several menus and opening symbol and production windows The actual status of the tool is announced in the main window Symbols Each Symbol window contains the dependency graphs for one symbol The dependencies between attributes are described by arrows and the partitions are implicitly described by the graphical layout arrangement of the attributes Productions Production windows contain the dependency graph for one production each The dependencies between attributes are also described by arrows 6 GORTO Graphical Order Tool Visit Sequences Visit Sequence windows include the visit sequence for one production each In one visit sequence the lifetime of those attribute instances are described which appear defining in the corresponding production LIDO Source text The source text in LIDO for this AG 3 2 The Main Window The main window is horizontally divided in several parts and allows mainly the opening of production and symbol windows Furthermore different menus can be activated in the main window Main Menu and Status Display The upper part of the main window contains the main menu and an overall status indication Depending on the situation the status indication infor
7. g button in the main window Layout of symbols and dependencies Additionally to the different types of lines described above the different types of depen dencies are furthermore distinguished by their graphical location The dependency arrows are located either outside at a single symbol or inside between the symbols The meaning of this layout is as follows Outside Dependencies which originate from another context Inside Dependencies which originate from this production Chapter 3 Usage 9 Tracing Dependencies Visit Sequence xCondition RULE Stmt 1 xStmts xStmt xStmtsOpt TRANSFER repr WITH Stmts pt xStmtsOpt repr_in xStmt repr TRANSFER prev WITH xStmt StmtsOr 3 RULE Stmt_2 xStmtsOpt 73 xStmts STATIC Figure 2 Tracing Dependencies The origin of the shown dependencies can be traced interactively by selecting an arrow with the mouse button The origin of this dependency is shown as a directed path or it is shown directly in the source text In case of the directed path a new window will be opened in which the dependencies are marked on their path with thick lines The selected dependency is then marked thick and dashed Both ways of indication are described in Figure 2 There are three variants of starting a dependency trace which are described in the following with the corresponding mouse buttons in brackets FOLLOW lt Shift Button1 gt The selected dependency is traced without con
8. gies which can be activated with the according menu in the main window Therefore two menus exist Chapter 3 Usage 7 Topological Strategy Strategy to compute visit sequences Partition Strategy Strategy to compute partitions The menu points allow the selection of a specific strategy After selecting such a menu point GORTO starts automatically a new dependency analysis Hiding of attributes It is possible to hide several attributes in the representation of production graphs via the main menu Hidden attributes are not visable any more in the production graphs to save space on the screen and get a better overview They still are considered in all internal computations After selection of the menu point Hide attribute a dialog window appears in which the desired attribute name has to be entered Regular terms can be used in the defining form of regexp 3 The input can be confirmed with Confirm or canceled with Cancel When confirming all selected attributes are hidden no matter to which symbol they belong Additionally with the commands Including Constituent and Chain it is possible to hide the attributes generated by LIGA when expanding the corresponding LIDO notations With the menu point Unhide attribute attributes can be reinserted with the same regulations The structure of the dialog window to insert attributes is the same as it is for hiding attributes 3 3 Description of Symbols and Dependencies
9. hs It uses the widget class Core and doesn t provide new resources for the adaptation of the graph widget The adaptation of graph widgets is done by certain actions at certain events This binding up is done with the so called binding translations For their description see the original literature Two actions are available menu popup and select The action menu popup is used to call the menus within the dependency graphs and expects the internal name of a menu as a parameter The action select is used for adaptation of mouse and keyboard handling within dependency graphs It accepts the following parameters which stand for user commands described above Name Objects possible contexts FOLLOW dependencies symbol rules FOLLOW AND CLOSE dependencies symbol rules FOLLOW MARKED dependencies symbol rules REMOVE added dependencies symbol rules HIDE attributes symbols rules visit sequences UNHIDE attribute symbols visit sequences MOVE attribute symbols visit sequences SPLIT PARTITION attributes symbols APPEND PARTITION attributes symbols The action select is normally bound to the use of the mouse Up to three parameters can be called to state the action to be executed depending to the selected object If more than one parameter is given for the same object only the last action will be executed the others are ignored The default paramters for the graph widget is the following lt Btn3Down gt menu popup mainMenu n lt B
10. i c label O xIteration loop Cnewl abel Term 3 Typelnteger UnaOp 1 UnaOp 2 xIteration test nora Q m Iteration repr Cnorepr Ctest Rtru xIteration loop xCondi ti on repr Partition Strategy Symbols Cyclic Arranged Change condi ti v T tes Cvoi d xStnts rep ConstOpt xAddOp xN Rule IterationWhile g p Iteration test Iteration prev xBlock xClause x Visit Sequence isit Sequence IterationWhile xDeclsOpt xElsePart x xIdentifier xInteger x xl xCondition 1 incl on xProgram xRelOp x xConditi xCondition 1 incli xTerm xTermOpt x A 1 Visit xCondition 1 xIteration E Check Condition ASSERT e pe 10 xStmts 2 incl0 i EI X Symbol xIteration zT prev La xStmts 2 incll Partitioned repr __i 1 Visit xStmts 2 xIteration 0 type xl teration xStmts ities Te incl inch inch inch xIteration 0 loop type type xIteration 0 test Simis 2 prev prev prev x loop repr 2 Visit xStmts 2 M2 C repr Condition 1 prev test 2 Visit xCondition 1 xIHteration 0 repr 2 Leave Figure 1 The Graphical User Interface gl The user interface of GORTO is composed of several distinct windows which can be manipulated in the same manner as any other window A view over the different windows is given in Figure 1 While reading this docum
11. inducedState arrangeOptionState arrangedState partitionState partitionedState visitSeqState lifetimeState infoState hideState unhideState directDisplay transitiveDisplay inducedDisplay arrangedDisplay partDisplay visitSeqDisplay constructIDLState ouputState noRecomputeString ruleString symbolString transferString includingString constituentString chainString unknownDepString cyclicString arrangedString changedString partitionedString visitSeqString forcedString cycleMessage noBmNFMessage Default empty direct rules direct symbols order options transitive graphs induced graphs arrange option arranged graphs partitions partitioned graphs visit sequences lifetimes display information hide attribute unhide attribute direct display transitive display induced display arranged display partition display visit sequence display idl structure output files not necessary rule symbol transfer dependency including dependency constituent dependency chain dependency unknown dependency cyclic arranged changed partitioned visit sequence forced would yield cycle no BmNF occurrence 16 GORTO Graphical Order Tool 4 2 Internal Interface Structure To allow sensible specification of resources the following internal interface structure of GORTO is given The widgets used by GORTO are Athena widgets of the X Version 11 Release 4 The main window of GORTO shows the following widget structure Gorto
12. ing operations Close this visit sequence Close all visit sequences Don t show last attribute use Fix position of this element Remove arranged dependencies Chapter 4 Layout Adaptation 13 4 Layout Adaptation The following describes the possibilities of adaptation of GORTO to personal preferennces The adaptation of GORTO is done by the resource mechanism of the X Window System which can t be explained in detail here In this paper only specific details of the imple mentation of GORTO is considered For common explanations of resources see the original literature 4 1 Resources of GORTO GORTO uses several resources which are not related to any special widget They rather have the status of globally used resources and are specified in the form of Gorto Name These are the following resources Common adjustments Name Class Default Meaning sortProdList SortList False sorting production lists sortSymbolList SortList False sorting symbol lists leftSymbol LeftSymbol False imaging symbol graphs showPartDeps ShowPartDeps False showing partitioned dependencies makeTitleBars MakeTitleBars False producing titelspaces wmPushDown WmPushDown 0 Pushdown of Window Manager Filenames Name Class Meaning lidoFile LidoFile LIDO Input File inputFile InputFile exp_idl Input File outputFile OutputFile ord idl Output File lclFile LCLFile LCL Output File 14 Layout of dependency graphs GORTO Graphical Order Tool Name Clas
13. ms either about the actual state of a running dependency analysis or about the success of the last dependency analysis The main menu allows the following operations Lido window Opening and closing source text windows Close all windows Close all opened windows New computation Start a new dependency analysis Hide attribute Hiding attributes Unhide attribute Show hidden attributes Show Partitioned Dependencies Show partitioned dependencies Leave GORTO Leaving GORTO Selection of Productions and Symbols Another part of the main window allows the selection of productions and symbols Gorto indicates two lists of the names of productions and of symbols The selection of a name by pressing the mouse button opens the according window The amount of listed productions and symbols can be influenced with the switchboard arranged above The switches have the following significance Cyclic Productions or symbols with cyclic dependency graphs Arranged Productions or symbols with dependencies added manually Changed Productions and symbols changed after the last computation Visit Sequence Productions a visit sequence has been computed for Partitioned Symbols for which a partition has been computed The total list of productions and symbols is determined as a union of all groups activated with the switches Strategy Menus For computation of visit sequences and partitions Order offers different strate
14. on of a new partition with the attribute selected first Segmentation of existing partitions An existing partition can be segmented into several partitions by squeezing an attribute of another partition between the two attributes of the the original partition To do that click on the attribute which has to be squeezed in Within the partition which shall be segmented both surrounding attributes have to be selected Both attributes are selected one by one by pressing the Ctrl Button2 first the attribute which shall proceed then the attribute which follows the new partition If the respective partition contains only two attributes then it is not necessary to select the second one GORTO identifies it automatically A modification of the partition doesn t lead automatically to a completely new compu tation of all dependency graphs The changes will be made only locally within the effected graphs A completely new computation must be started manually using the main menu The Symbol Menu The symbol menu can be activated by pressing the Button3 and allows the following operations Close this symbol Close the symbol window CLose all symbols CLose all symbol windows Remove arranged dependencies Remove all the added dependencies Force partition Freeze the partition Select production Select production Show last BnNF use 3 6 Visit sequences A visit sequence window can be activated by an operation of the
15. s Default Meaning boldFont Font fixed font for symbol names attributeFont Font fixed font for non critical attributes criticalFont Font fixed font for critical attributes textPadding Padding 2 free pixel around strings synthesizedIndent Indent 15 indentation of synthesized attributes symbolvPadding Padding 10 vertical space between symbols symbolhPadding Padding 5 horizontal space between symbols arrowWidth ArrowWidth 3 width of arrows arrowHeight ArrowHeight 9 hight of arrows arrowLength ArrowLength 30 minimal length of arrows depColumnWidth DepColumnWidth 3 width of column of dependencies depFaseLength DepFaseLength 5 length of bends in dependencies selectWidth SelectWidth 3 selection width of dependencies Colours Name Used for directDepColor direct dependencies inducedDepColor induced dependencies arrangedDepColor added dependencies arrangedInducedDepColor induced added dependencies partitionedDepColor partitioned dependencies inducedPartitionedDepColor attrColor induced partitioned dependencies attributes includingAttrColor attributes produced by INCLUDING constituentAttrColor attributes produced by CONSTITUENT S chainAttrColor attribute produced by CHAIN symbolColor symbol names visitColor VISIT Operations conditionColor CONDITION Operations lineColor frame resp cutlines Chapter 4 Layout Adaptation 15 Strings Name emptyListString directRuleState directSymbolState optionState transitiveState
16. se the results of the GORTO session Eli recognizes if GORTO ctl has been modified by a GORTO session and restarts the necessary derivation steps GORTO itself can be restarted even if no specification has been modified ctl options for ORDER are recognized by GORTO too They are passed on into GORTO ctl An interactive GORTO session requires that Eli is started under X Windows X11 The environment variable DISPLAY must be set Chapter 3 Usage 3 Usage 3 1 The windows of GORTO Main Menu M Graphical Order Tool Displaying visit sequences Topological Strategy Rules Cyclic Arranged Changed K mziniax Hdo AExpr 1 AExpr 2 AExpr 3 AddOp 1 AddOp 3 Assign 1 Assign 2 Block RULE IterationWhi le ConditionExpr Const 1 Const 2 Decl xIteration while Condition do Stmts end Decl 2 Decl 3 ElsePart ExprBlock STATIC Expr 1 Expr 2 Expr 3 Factor 1 xIteration type z sVoid CONDITION Condition type xCondi ti on type pg Fac NEM ird g AND xStmt type xStmt type actor Factor 4 terationWhile MulOp xIteration type FirstType s oid Condition type xStmts type MulOp_3 MulOp 4 Name NoElsePart 8E CONDITION ASSERT GLEICH xCondi ti on type sBool ean RelOp 1 RelOp 2 RelOp 3 StmtExpr Condition of an iteration must yield Boolean Stmt 1 Stmt 2 Stmt 3 Term 1 Iterat
17. ser are possible The layout of the presentation can be influenced by the user After a short description of the user interface we first describe the usage of the tool the description is related to the standard configuration Afterwards we discuss the possibilities of modifying the user interface for individual partiality Chapter 2 Using GORTO within ELI 3 2 Using GORTO within ELI It is recommended to use GORTO in order to trace cyclic attribute dependencies which are indicated by the ORDER pass of LIGA message CYCLE IN INDUCED GRAPHS Also in the case that ORDER fails to compute an evaluation order message CYCLE IN PARTITIONED GRAPHS GORTO can be used to analyze the reason and to arrange the dependencies differently The results of such modifications are described by ARRANGE options and made available in a file GORTO ctl GORTO may be called for a correct attribute grammar as well in order to study the dependencies If the attribute grammar is incomplete GORTO does not produce any information additional to that given by ORDER GORTO is started by the following derivation lt file gt specs gorto After completion of the interactive GORTO session the results if any are stored in the file GORTO ctl in the current working directory of the user If there already exists a file with that name it is saved with the name GORTO bak If GORTO ctl is not yet part of the specifications its name should be added in a specs file in order to u
18. sideration of dependencies which might be marked FOLLOW MARKED Button 1 If the dependency had been marked by a previous trace the selected dependency will be traced now The trace of non marked dependencies is therefore omitted 10 GORTO Graphical Order Tool FOLLOW AND CLOSE Ctrl Button 1 The selected dependency will be traced in any case as with the variant FOL LOW Additionally all windows are automatically closed which are not involved in this trace The Production Menu The production menu can be activated by pressing Button3 and allows the following operations Close this production Close this production window Close all productions Close all production windows Follow all marks Automatic tracing of marked dependencies Show visit sequence Open the corresponding visit sequence window 3 5 Symbols A symbol window shows the dependency graph of a symbol together with the affiliated sta tus information The shown dependency graphs can be traced and the computed partition of the symbol can be modified Status Notification The upper part of symbol window contains information about the actual status of the symbol The entries have the same meaning as the corresponding buttons in the main window Trace of Dependencies The dependencies can be trace in symbol windows in the same way as in production windows Again there are the three variants FOLLOW FOLLOW MARKED and FOLLOW AND CLOSE which show the deriv
19. tnDown gt select FOLLOW n Index Index C critical attrib t es eyes tea wes 10 CYCLE IN INDUCED GRAPHS oooooomoooooo 3 CYCLE IN PARTITIONED GRAPHS 3 D DISPLAY ees m hse tre eR enkaa a 3 G RT SBbAE oce RIPRPPPIOS EP IERPEPIE SAS 3 GORTU Ctl nce pia dde 3 H Hiding of attributes osse oe reni T M Main Men ete er EROR A eil 6 Main Windows romeri ima erre e oderat 6 Modification of Partitions 10 Modification visit sequences 12 19 Production Menu de RI a 10 Status Display i 2x teilte ERRORES EA 6 Strategy Menus prd id 6 Symbol Menu rra vrs aa 11 Trace of DependencieS ooooooccccccccccos 10 Tracing Dependencies ooooocommoomoo 9 VISVE SEQUE iia o 11 Visit sequence Menu 00 00008 12 X X Windows X11 sssssssese eee 9
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