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Positron Industries Inc. User Manual Positron

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1. 060 061 J11 2 2 R48 1 adjusted at factory 4 4 R163 13 14 oFF olofo ON U73 2 1 1 J5 4 4 60010 J8 Hz O J6 o ON K1 Solid state output loop back relay K2 Tone loop back relay K3 Alarm relay K4 Sequential event recorder relay K5 Local trip input relay uP A K6 Local trip input relay uP B R163 Loop back gain adjustment R205 Transmit level adjustment R172 Receiver nominal level adjustment R48 Adjustment of potentiometer for defective power supply detector adjusted by Positron R163 Adjustment of nominal level for loop back during self check R172 Adjustment of nominal level indicated on front panel R205 Adjustment of transmission level 0 to 25 dBm J1 to J4 Different connectors Refer to Section 6 5 J5 Jumper for transmitter synchronization parallel operation of two units J6 Jumper for combined receiver logic parallel operation of two units J7 Jumper for transmitter 600 ohms or high impedance J8 Jumper for receiver 600 ohms or high impedance J9 amp J10 Connectors for 5 volt regulators Page 6 11 User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Page 6 12 Table 6 Test Points Assignment Test Points Signal TP12 Transmit output tip TP13 Transmit output ring TP14 Receiver input tip TP15 Receiver input ring TP10 Nominal level adjustment TP9 Analog nominal ground TP1 5V TP2 5V
2. t msec 4 4 3 Chapter 4 Operating Software Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Reception For an illustration of the reception state diagram refer to Figure 5 For an illustration of the reception thresholds refer to Figure 6 For a listing of the transitions between the different states refer to Table 3 Since noise influences wave forms the criteria are narrowed in the presence of noise The criteria are Guard e Absence of two frequencies Trip check e Trip Recovery Figure 5 Reception State Diagram Absence of two frequencies Trip check Trip Recovery Page 4 11 User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Figure 6 Reception Thresholds 5 4 1 9dB Hi 3 4 2 5dB 3 4 2 5dB Ni ITITI 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ESPERA 1 2 6dB 1 A 12dB 1 4 1 ITTI LTRIP AH A 4 STATE 1 STATE 42 STATE 3 STATE 4 STATE 5 CONDUCTION LOCK RECEPTION STATE 1 2 3 4 5 LSURV Level of guard LTRIP Level of trip Page 4 12 Chapter 4 Operating Software Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Table 3 Reception State Transitions State Transitions Explanation 1 1 Trip lt 1 4 and surv gt 3 4 and surv lt 5 4 and no fault at receiver 1 2 Time expired and surv lt 3 4 and no fault at receiver or time expired and trip gt 1 4 and surv 5 4 and no fault a
3. After three combined logic errors the alarm is activated and code 38 is displayed To deactivate the alarm 1 Set the key to LOCAL on both units 2 Press TEST on both units 3 If the combined logic test is successful the combined logic error will be deactivated Figure 7 Combined Logic Signal 20 msec OUTPUT 4 5 4 5 1 4 5 2 Chapter 4 Operating Software Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Sub Routines Reference Level This sub routine makes it possible to obtain a reference level which will furnish a means for comparing the present level of frequencies as well as for the detection of white noise The reference level is calculated from the sum of guard LSURV and trip LTRIP levels This is done by taking 1 8 of the increase or decrease of the sum of the level i e LMSUM LMSUM 1 8 SUM LMSUM For an illustration of the reference level refer to Figure 8 Figure 8 Reference Level LMSUM t msec Current Frequency Level This sub routine based on the level calculated in the Reference Level sub routine makes it possible to check the status levels of the guard and trip frequencies The variable of this sub routine determining the level of comparison will be used for the acceptance of the change of state in the macro instructions of the reception Page 4 15 User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 4 5 3 4 5 4 4 5 5 Page 4 16 White Noise Detection By comparison levels this sub rou
4. Revision Sheet Oct 26 Nov 6 July 26 Feb 17 DATE 1987 1989 1996 1998 REVISION Note 1 Page 18 42 43 46 47 49 Note 2 This document incorporates ECR 97 5277 PREFACE About This Manual Welcome to the Positron Teleprotection M User Manual This manual provides a detailed description of the hardware and software that make up the Teleprotection unit The technical data contained in this manual are provided to assist the user in the maintenance and troubleshooting of the unit This manual is organized as follows Chapter 1 Introduction e Chapter 2 Teleprotection Unit Operation Chapter 3 Hardware Description e Chapter 4 Operating software e Chapter 5 Physical feature description e Chapter 6 Installation e Chapter 7 Technical Specifications e Appendix A Teleprotection unit block diagram Conventions The following conventions are used throughout this manual Notes Tips Attentions and Cautions Notes are provided as background information that the user should know Notes are not critical to performing the procedure Tips are provided as additional information or hints on how the user can perform a procedure Attentions are provided as information essential to the completion of a procedure Cautions are provided to advise users that failure to take or avoid a specified action could result in loss of data or damage to the system The following is an ex
5. TP3 Digital ground TPS 12 V isolated TP4 12 V isolated TP6 15V TP7 15V 8 Digital ground TP11 Analog ground Chapter 7 Technical Specifications 9 User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 e98bi008 fm 7 1 Page 7 2 Technical Specifications Parameter Specification Power Nominal voltage 129 V dc 0 3 amp option 48 V dc Voltage variation 105 V dc to 140 V dc Fuses 2A type AGC 2A Transmitter Input impedance 600 Q or high impedance Dynamic range Less than 196 Level adjustment 25 dBm to 0 dBm Frequency stability 4 Hz Receiver Impedance 600 Q or high impedance Dynamic range 10 dBm to 10 dBm Nominal level 10 dBm Sensitivity 35 dBm to 0 dBm Carrier fail alarm delay One second of continuous failure Output stage Response time Less then 24 msec including transmitter and receiver Recovery delay 120 msec Capacity 2A continuous 150 V dc 5A for 500 msec Alarm and SER 10 W 150 V dc output Input interface Chapter 7 Technical Specifications Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Parameter Specification Input One dry contact Minimum closure 1 msec with a bouncing duty cycle above 50 duration Redundancy Dual microprocessors EPROM 4 KB per microprocessor Self check Time of occurrence Use
6. is connected 2 5 Relay K2 is disconnected 3 1 Fault signalled 3 3 No trip no transistor conduction 3 4 Trip transistor conduction 4 1 Successful test or time expired or fault signalled 4 4 Transistor conduction 5 5 Leakage of first pair of transistors or time not expired 5 6 First pair of transistors checked 6 1 Fault signalled 6 3 Second pair of transistors checked or loss of signal 6 6 Leakage of second pair of transistors or time not expired or no loss of signal Page 4 7 User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 4 4 2 Transmission For an illustration of the transmission state diagram refer to Figure 3 For a listing of the transitions between the different states refer to Table 2 Figure 3 Transmission State Diagram Transmission of guard frequency Transmission of trip frequency for 25 msec Transmission of guard frequency for 25 msec Page 4 8 Chapter 4 Operating Software Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Table 2 Transmission State Transitions State Transitions Explanation 1 1 No request for transmission or fault or fault at transmitter or no permission from UPB 1 2 Request for transmission and no fault at transmitter and permission from 2 1 No request for transmission or fault at transmitter 2 2 Request for transmission and time not expired and no fault at transmitter 2 3 Request for transmission and no fault at transmitter a
7. Selector 3 Selector 2 Selector 1 Frequency Hz 0 0 1 0 1530 Low frequency 0 1 0 0 1870 Low frequency 0 1 1 0 2210 Low frequency 1 0 0 0 2550 Low frequency 1 0 1 0 2890 Low frequency 0 0 1 1 1700 High frequency 0 1 0 1 2040 High frequency 0 1 1 1 2380 High frequency 1 0 0 1 2720 High frequency 1 0 1 1 3060 High frequency 0 0 0 0 n a 1 1 0 0 n a 1 1 1 0 n a 0 0 0 1 n a 1 1 0 1 n a 1 1 1 1 n a 1 open position 3 5 User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 3 5 3 6 Receiver The receiver uses the superheterodyne principle for improved selectivity when capturing transmitted frequencies The steps of the reception process are described below 1 The receiver input impedance must be adjusted to 6000 resistive or high impedance using jumper J8 The signal received is isolated from the Teleprotection unit by isolating transformer T5 The signal then passes through an amplitude clipper thereby making it possible to limit signal amplitude so as not to saturate the following stages A high pass filter eliminates 60 Hz noise A variable gain amplifier U30 is used to adjust the reception level at the center of its dynamic range 1 10dBm for input signals ranging from 25dBm to OdBm The adjustment may be made by potentiometer R172 At this stage an excessive level receiver signal 22dB is detected and an indication is sent to the microprocessor after pro
8. TB3 4 and 5 2 18 and 17 are used to trigger the trip breakers In the NORMAL mode relay K1 transistor outputs relay is connected to the protection terminals In the LOCAL and REMOTE modes the relay is connected to the leakage detection circuit The current leakage detector monitors the output transistor once a day and generates a warning alarm relay K3 and an appropriate code to identify those circuits having excess leakage The outputs are electrically isolated from one another as well as from the rest of the unit by means of transformers T3 and T4 Diodes CR59 and 48 protect the transistors from back E M F Attention Outputs A and B must be connected in series to avoid false tripping on a single point of failure 3 8 Chapter 3 Hardware Description Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Microprocessors Teleprotection unit operation is supported by two 80854 Intel 8 bit microprocessors U57 and U70 They operate independently from one another while making unanimous decisions The clock output of microprocessor A U57 oscillating at 3 Mhz is divided by 3000 U65 and to produce a 1 Khz time base This signal will serve to notify the microprocessors by an interruption every millisecond tick timer The demultiplexing of the address and data for the microprocessor is ensured by latches U58 and U72 For each microprocessor decoders U59 and U72 make it possible to generate signals to the vari
9. To perform a Local test 1 Set the three position key switch to LOCAL The display should show 05 2 Depress the TEST push button Trip indicators TX and RX should light up The display should show 06 Remote Test The purpose of the remote test is to ensure the proper operation of the communication link between the two units The remote test may only be performed once the local test has taken place To perform a Remote test 1 Set the switch to LOCAL 2 Press the TEST push button 3 Set the switch to REMOTE The display should show 04 indicating that the REMOTE test may now be executed 4 Press the TEST push button of one unit Check that TX lights up on the transmitting unit and that RX lights up on the receiving unit 5 Repeat for the other Teleprotection unit Page 6 3 User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 6 4 6 4 1 6 4 2 Page 6 4 Self Check If a transistor leakage of the pair read by 15 detected and a self check 15 requested only code 11 will be displayed For further information regarding display codes refer to Table 1 of Chapter 5 Physical Feature Description Automatic Self Check The unit performs a self check once a day by isolating itself from the communication link and protection circuits using the receiver and transmitter interconnection This procedure is controlled by the microprocessors Time Adjustment The time adjustment when the next self check will be perf
10. relay coil 4 6 Chapter 4 Operating Software Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Difference Between Microprocessors A and The main structure of the two microprocessors is mostly identical however individual properties can be assigned to either of the microprocessors For a listing of the tasks that can be carried out by each microprocessor refer to Table 4 Table 4 Differences Between Microprocessor A and Microprocessor A Microprocessor Tasks Microprocessor Microprocessor A X Initialization of I O Initialization of dividers Read channel no Display codes Read input contact Modulation of transmitter Check transmitted frequency Read level of frequencies received Activation of output Reset time Start converters X X Check synchronization and combined logic Page 4 17 User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 4 6 1 State Diagram Microprocessor The self checking of microprocessor A and microprocessor is identical For an illustration of the Transmission state diagram refer to Figure 9 For a listing of the transitions between the different states refer to Table 5 Figure 9 Transmission State Diagram Guard frequency transmission Trip frequency transmission for 25 msec Guard frequenc
11. the multiplication of the received frequency and the local oscillator Analog digital converter each bandpass filter U24 16 and U25 16 outputs are then converted to digital values so that they may be read by the microprocessors For an illustration of the analog digital converter block diagram refer to Figure 2 Page 3 7 User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Figure 2 Analog Digital Converter Block Diagram SIGNAL RECTIFIER CLK 3 MHz 10 The filter output passes through the rectifier and an A M demodulator The signal rectified in U78 is compared by U79 to a known slope When the slope reaches the level of the rectified signal the U79 output changes status and deactivates the SR flip flop U69 The U69 flip flop in turn deactivates the slope generator by means of a switch Q47 MOSFET The flip flop output duration is proportional to the rectified voltage It is converted to a burst of 3 Mhz pulses and drives circuit counters U63 and U64 For further information refer to Section 3 8 Microprocessors The conversion begins at every millisecond and lasts for a maximum of 0 9 milliseconds For an illustration of the conversion period refer to Figure 3 Page 3 8 Chapter 3 Hardware Description Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Figure 3 Representation of the Period Rectified signal Slope t msec t msec Output from SR flip flop t msec Page 3 9 User Manual Issue 1 0 Februa
12. 5 Normal trip or premature opening 5 1 Guard frequency present 5 5 Guard frequency absent Chapter 5 Physical Feature Description User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 e98bi006 fm 9 1 Page 5 2 Front Panel For an illustration of the front panel refer to Figure 1 Figure 1 Front Panel NORMAL LOCAL TEST REMOTE TEST TX RX TELEPROTECTION RX LINE NOMINA OO 710 dBm 9 STATUS 8073A The front panel of the case includes the following A three position key switch NORMAL LOCAL and REMOTE The key may only be removed when in the NORMAL position Amomentary TEST push button e A numerical display made up of two digits seven segments complete with a decimal point Two warning signals constituted by electroluminescent diodes which indicate respectively the presence of a trip order upon TX transmission and reception levels of communication signals e Test points and adjustments for transmission and reception levels of communication signals Note The model numbers for the Teleprotection unit are as follows 8073 unit with old generation filters e 8073A unit with new generation filters These units are identical with regards to performance and characteristics and are interchangeable Chapter 5 Physical Feature Description Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 5 2 Rear Panel For an illustration of the rear panel refer to Figure 2 Figure 2 Rear P
13. I TASKS Transmission Reception Self check Page 4 3 User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 e98bi005 fm 4 2 4 2 1 4 2 2 Page4 4 Main program The main program constituting background tasks begins with an initialization followed by a loop composing the core of the program Initialization The Teleprotection unit initialization is carried out after power has been turned on Initialization includes the following e Initialization of and counters Initialization of the RAM Programming of the dividers e Transmission of the channel number selected in the UPB e Authorization of the 7 5 interruption every millisecond e Display of the guard frequency status high 1 and low 0 frequency on left digit e Display of the channel number from 1 to 5 on right digit Background Tasks The start of background tasks follows initialization These tasks include the following e Check position of key position of test button and activation of transistor relays e Check synchronization with the other unit e Reading input contact and trip transmission e Measure comparison level and check presence of white noise e Measure current level of frequencies Check A D converters absolute thresholds e Reading level of frequencies received and activation of outputs e Adjustment of time Request remote test Request local test Aself check is performed every 24 hours except if a trip is present e Fault detecti
14. Positron Industries Inc User Manual Positron Teleprotection Version 1 0 Model 8073 DOCUMENT CONTROL INFORMATION Document Name User Manual Document ID 309 Issue Number Issue 1 0 Document Part Number 8073 24 03 Revision Number 4 Publication Date February 17 1998 File Code 48 52 61 65 185 309 Saved as Code e98b1001 fm CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE The information contained in this document is the property of Positron Industries Inc Except as specifically authorized in writing by Positron Industries Inc the holder of this document 1 shall keep all information contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from the disclosure and dissemination to all third parties and 2 shall use same for operating and maintenance purposes only CUSTOMER SUPPORT Should a problem arise contact your customer support department If the problem cannot be resolved by your support department or if you have any questions contact Positron s Customer Support department at 1 800 361 2596 O 1998 Positron Industries Inc Positron Teleprotection is a registered trademark of Positron Industries Inc Product names other than Positron s mentioned herein may be trademarks and or registered trademarks of their respective companies DISCLAIMER NOTICE Although Positron Industries Inc has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information contained herein this document is subject to change without notice
15. Synchronization input 3 19 Combined logic input 6 14 Trip supply 5 13 Trip input 4 8 Ser relay 7 16 Synchronization input 8 9 Ser relay 9 17 Synchronization output 10 18 Synchronization output 11 10 Common alarm 12 20 Combined logic input 13 21 Combined logic output 14 12 Alarm normally closed 15 22 Combined logic output 16 11 Alarm normally open 17 5 A transistor output 18 4 A transistor output 19 7 B transistor output 20 6 B transistor output Chapter 6 Installation Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Table 3 Connector Pin Assignment for J3 Connector TB Signal 1 2 Power 129 V dc or 48 V dc 3 3 Power 129 V dc or 48 V dc 4 1 Digital ground 5 23 Line reception ring 6 24 Line reception tip 7 GND Chassis ground 8 25 Line transmission ring 9 26 Line transmission tip 10 GND Chassis ground Page 6 7 User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Page 6 8 Table 4 Connector Pin Assignment for J4 Connector 4 Signal 1 Excessive level 3 Measure point band pass input 4 Leakage detection output B 5 Leakage detection output A 6 Synchronization output 7 Combined logic output 8 Clock frequency of pass band C 9 Local oscillator E 10 High frequency transmission 11 N C 12 Converter input trip 13 Converter output trip 14 Converter output guard 15 Inte
16. ample Note It is recommended that the two solid state receiver outputs are connected in series to avoid false tripping due to single point failure 5 Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 Introduction eene ee ta eb HERE 1 2 1 2 Typical Setup E ene tee eae obe Cr EE 1 2 1 3 Synchronization and Combined Logic 2 1 1 4 1 4 Auxiliary Output Contacts RU pe ep ge sh ee 1 5 1 5 InternalSetUng 0 a bb be A AN 1 6 1 6 Function PAG AP He eee Re 1 7 Chapter 2 Teleprotection Unit Operation 2 1 Typical Operator eee CREDIDI ens 2 2 2 2 General Operation c RA Cee TERN REOR E 2 3 Chapter 3 Hardware Description 3 1 Introduction t sds ae AA A UR D C A 3 2 3 2 Transmitter Interface es 2 dde iud ep E SEN pb egi buic ic iso 3 3 3 3 Programmable Dividers ek et er vp EN 3 3 3 4 DEAD S EC DEI 3 4 3 5 R CelV8E uxo CERO A WA 5b BTU ER TERGELNTE RRR ek aE S Rena 3 6 3 6 Amplitude Change Detector soiis asas epp aaa 3 10 3 7 Transistor Outputs Baa a dm dues stbes toe RA QU RIS 3 12 3 8 Microprocessors Lib tA ches RI bI IeREDOHLE NS 3 13 3 9 Power Supp
17. and Combined Logic For improved security two systems can be installed in parallel In this mode one transmitter modulates its carrier output signal in opposite phase and in synchronization with the other transmitter At the receiver end the validation of a trip command is accepted only if it is received on both receivers within a small time interval 8 msec For an illustration of synchronization and combined logic refer to Figure 2 Figure 2 Synchronization and Combined Logic Synchronization Combined Logic POSITRON 8073 POSITRON 8073 TRANSMITTER RECEIVER TRANSMITTER RECEIVER POSITRON 8073 POSITRON 8073 Page 1 4 1 4 Chapter 1 Introduction Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Auxiliary Output Contacts The receiver has two sets of dry contacts sequential event recorder contact which closes upon reception of a trip signal e An alarm form contact For a listing of the display codes refer to Table 1 of Chapter 5 Physical Feature Description For an illustration of the auxiliary output contacts refer to Figure 2 Figure 3 Auxiliary Output Contacts POSITRON 8073 SEQUENCE OF EVENTS RECORDER S E R RECEIVER ALARM CONTACT POSITION SHOWN IN UNPOWERED UNIT CONDITION 1 5 User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 1 5 Page 1 6 Internal Setting For in illustration of the internal setting for the Teleprotection unit refer to Figure 4 Figure 4 Internal Se
18. and rear panels of the Teleprotection unit s case refer to Chapter 5 Physical Feature Description For an illustration of the locations of the test points refer to Section 6 7 Test Points Assignment To install a Teleprotection unit 1 Check that jumpers J7 and J8 are in the proper positions 600 or high impedance 2 Using 54 inside the unit adjust the desired channel For further information about S4 settings refer to Table 5 3 Using SI inside the unit turn it on i e the ON OFF switch to the ON position The unit will run a self check instantly 4 Upon power up the display will indicate momentarily the unit channel number high frequency 1 or low frequency 0 as well as the channel number from 1 to 5 5 Set the key to the NORMAL position 6 Adjust transmission level on the line 0 to 25 dBm using transmission potentiometer R205 located on the front panel 7 Adjust the nominal level 10 dBm using potentiometer R172 located on the front panel 8 Set the key to the LOCAL position and adjust R163 to obtain the nominal level 10 dBm 9 Perform a LOCAL test 10 Perform a REMOTE test 11 Set the key to the NORMAL position 12 Runa SELF CHECK refer to Section 6 4 2 Manual Self Check 6 2 6 3 Chapter 6 Installation Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Local Test The purpose of the local test is to ensure the proper operation of the transmission and reception circuits
19. anel EL LI TRIPA TRIP B or 48 V dc OUTPUT The rear panel of the case contains type Weidm ller transversal terminals model AKA 2 5 grouped separately Page 5 3 User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 9 3 Page 5 4 Display The display is made up of two modules with seven segments Ul U2 DS1 DS2 It displays codes indicating the different statuses of the Teleprotection unit For a listing of the display codes refer to Table 1 Table 1 Display Codes software Vx 9 Alarm Relay Code Description A D 00 No code displayed normal 02 Self check delayed trip command in progress 03 Self check halted key not in normal position 04 Key in REMOTE TEST position 05 Key in LOCAL TEST position 06 LOCAL TEST successful 08 Key at REMOTE TEST without having performed a LOCAL TEST first 09 Self check in less than a minute 11 Fault detected by UPB A 12 Leakage of xtor Q29 LOCAL TEST 13 Leakage of xtor Q30 LOCAL TEST 14 Non conducting output LOCAL TEST 15 Continuous SPACE frequency without MARK SPACE MARK modulation 16 Too strong received In Band signal A D 17 Carrier lost A D 18 Out of band noise detected by A D hardware 19 Excessive In Band noise A D Chapter 5 Physical Feature Description Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Alarm Relay Cod
20. ction unit block diagram refer to Appendix A Teleprotection Unit Block Diagram 3 2 3 3 Chapter 3 Hardware Description Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Transmitter Interface The Teleprotection unit has two input interfaces connected to the trip contact which allow for greater operational security The contact closure must be validated by two microprocessors before a trip order can be transmitted The TB 1 13 72 6 and 14 72 5 input points accepting a contact located in the protection relays filtered by and to eliminate noise The Teleprotection unit is electrically isolated from the contact by opto couplers U53 and 055 Each interface circuit is supplied with a low pass filter relay from A microprocessor trip contact and K6 relay from microprocessor trip contact with an isolated 12 V power supply which allows for the simulation of a trip during a self check These relays are activated by the microprocessor for K5 and the by the A microprocessor for K6 When the trip contact closes a logic signal from the comparators US4 and U56 is passed on to the microprocessor This condition triggers the transmitter and a trip signal is sent Programmable Dividers Besides generating transmission frequencies the programmable dividers feed various receiver circuits for example the bandpass filter and the frequency multiplier Programmable dividers are mainly made up of sheet regi
21. e Description A D R 21 Invalidated trip 25 Hardware fault during self check L I 26 Defective ROM memory A L 27 Defective RAM memory A L 31 Unsuccessful reconnection of line during E II a LOCAL test loop back 33 Unsuccessful reconnection of telephone line 38 Combined logic error 40 Invalid channel at power up R 88 Watchdog error A 8 8 Defective power supply A Legend The alarm relay is activated e after three seconds of continuous fault e D duration of the fault e L locked until manual or automatic self check e I immediately for the duration of this status error e the unit by turning the unit OFF then ON Page 5 5 User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 6 Size e Width 482 mm 19 Height 88 1 mm 2 modular units 3 1 2 e Depth 335 mm 14 including connectors Ventilation On the top panel two air vents ensure ventilation by natural convection within the unit One UM 1 3 4 spacing is recommended between units Paint Finish The case has a clear green glossy finish in compliance with standard SN 61 2 Chapter 6 Installation User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 e98bi007 fm 6 1 Page 6 2 Installation Procedure To install the Teleprotection unit follow the steps below and then use the following sections to preform various tests For an illustration of the front
22. e read as follows e 12 V unregulated e 8 V unregulated 5 V 44 e 15 V 4 Chapter 4 Operating Software User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 e98bi005 fm 4 1 Page4 2 General Operation The Teleprotection unit software is contained in 16 kilobytes distributed equally between the two microprocessors Two mutually checking microprocessors are used for improved protection Because the software for the two microprocessors is practically identical the following descriptions will deal with microprocessor A For information concerning the differences between the two microprocessors refer to Section 4 6 Difference Between Microprocessors A and The Teleprotection software is made up of the following modules For an illustration of these modules refer to Figure 1 e Background tasks making up the main program turn in a closed loop calling up all jobs e Foreground tasks initiated by the interrupt sub routine every millisecond Aninterrupt sub routine INT7 5 ensures the link between background and foreground tasks e Three multi tasks self checking transmission reception e Several test sub routines are called up by the main program The macro instructions simplifying the reading of the program are used in the program Chapter 4 Operating Software Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Figure 1 Program Chart POWER ON INITIALIZATION FOREGROUND SUB ROUTINE BACKGROUND MULT
23. es 5 2 Rear Panel uer EHE Ro OP REA E AUCI PHASE s 5 3 Dis plain ds 5 4 ZE Oe E top A RB URINE 5 5 LAA aet So er e RR DS 5 6 Paint Finish us oboe sed as ba d Ub E HERE e ARR ES Chapter 6 Installation 6 1 Installation Procedure 2 6 2 Local Test iii ERU A 6 3 Remote Test xoc he ER RR B Rhee bee eae ht pale eee ES 6 4 SelE Checks ite oti ds A CORR DECRE 6 4 1 Automatic 6 4 2 Manual Self Check o ooo ooococococcoccoco eee eee 6 5 Connector Pin Assignment 6 6 Setup Assignment 2225 desc 6 7 Test Points Chapter 7 Technical Specifications 7 1 Technical Specifications Appendix A Teleprotection Unit Block Diagram Chapter 1 Introduction _ _ User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 e98bi002 fm 1 1 1 2 Page 1 2 Introduction Positron Teleprotection M units are devices which have been designed to protect networks from line faults They operate with the help of a communication link that joins two remote units together Under normal circumstances the two units send each other a carrier that confirms the presence of a telephone connectio
24. ly cre Yetevee E EDUC SS 3 14 Chapter 4 Operating Software 4 1 General Operation i ect RERO Ag ERES E E 4 2 4 2 Main program pcd ton t ce Saws aah tee Ah aks e ede 4 4 42 Inmutalzat n eee terere ERAS e ren UR 4 4 4 222 gt Background Tasks 5 oo oe a RR wae ER RR ARDOR RA AAA RG 4 4 4 3 Foreground Tasks aui t nb dtp der 4 5 4 4 Background cesi eite et e RH NER ae dece sten 4 6 SelfCheckmg ooo A AAA AAA RA 4 6 4 442 TOS it A eed x edet eeu 4 8 4 4 2 1 Synchronization sg ek EU ERR pr ep x prece 4 10 443 HE DB eee We A TES 4 11 4 4 3 1 Combined Logic s csl qe RR ERU REUS 4 14 4 5 SUD R QUES tous OMS A UV PED S n ek nq equos ER USE A 4 15 User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 4 Reference thee V aot vee 4 5 2 Current Frequency 4 5 3 White Noise Detection ocal AA OA ADO Remote Testi scsi 4 6 Difference Between Microprocessors and B 4 6 1 State Diagram Microprocessor B Chapter 5 Physical Feature Description 5 1 Front Panel o URS ae RU ar Cen t On
25. n When a fault triggered by a trip contact closure is registered the corresponding unit sends a trip signal to the other extremity The receiving unit capturing the message activates its output to protect the network Typical Setup The Teleprotection unit consists of one transmitter and one receiver both enclosed in a single chassis For an illustration of a typical Teleprotection setup refer to Figure 1 Two units located in separate locations are joined together by an audio communication link 4 wire to form a full duplex tele transmission system Up to five systems can share the same communication link each of them using a separate channel The transmitter modulates a frequency shift keying FSK signal upon detection of a closure of a dry contact trip input When the receiver detects a modulated FSK signal it closes its two solid state outputs The two solid state outputs pins 4 5 6 and 7 must be connected in series to avoid a false trip caused by a single point failure Chapter 1 Introduction Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Figure 1 Typical Setup Teleprotection Units POSITRON 8073 POSITRON 8073 TRANSMITTER RECEIVER RECEIVER TRANSMITTER POWER SUPPLY INPUT POWER SUPPLY INPUT Note It is recommended that the two solid state receiver outputs are connected in series to avoid false tripping due to single point failure Page 1 3 User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 1 3 Synchronization
26. nd synchronization 1 toward 0 or request for transmission and no fault at transmitter and time expired 3 1 No request for transmission or fault at transmitter 3 2 Request for transmission and no fault at transmitter and synchronization O toward 1 or request for transmission and no fault at transmitter and time expired and permission from 3 3 Request for transmission and no fault at transmitter and time not expired Page4 9 User Manual Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 4 4 2 1 Page 4 10 Synchronization When the signal is transmitted synchronization makes it possible to obtain simultaneous transmission of frequencies The synchronization is included in the transmitter sub routine terminal at the rear of the unit is used to communicate with another unit When the unit transmits the trip frequency depending on certain conditions it sends a synchronization signal to the other unit When the other unit receives the signal it must conform with the synchronization signal and synchronize itself with the fastest unit The synchronization is a 20 Hz frequency signal 50 duty cycle For an illustration of the synchronization effect refer to Figure 4 Figure 4 Example of the Synchronization Effect FREQUENCY transmission Unit 41 trip transmitter to t0 guard Unit 2 transmitter to t1 4 25msec t msec Unit 1 transmitter to t2 Unit 2 transmitter to t0
27. ns Ref Function Location Sheet 1 Two digit display driver DI 1 2 Loop back relay drivers C2 1 3 Surge protection D1 5 1 4 Power supply B2 1 5 Power supply monitoring U8 D2 2 6 Watchdog for A and b U9 U10 D2 2 7 Alarm circuit U11 D1 5 2 8 Synchronization interface U13 DI 2 9 Combined logic interface 14 Cl 2 10 Solid state output interface A2 B2 2 11 Output leakage detector Al 2 12 Local oscillator low pass filter U17 D2 3 13 Analog multiplier U21 72 3 14 Broadband bandpass filter 023 D2 3 15 I F filter U24 U25 DI 3 16 Low pass TX filter U19 D2 3 17 TX line buffer 027 CI 3 18 RX signal level clipper 029 Cl 3 19 60 Hz rejection filter U29 small PCB 1 5 3 20 Out of band noise detector small Al 3 21 Fast level change detector small PCB A2 3 22 Surge protection and loop back relay Al 3 23 Programmable divider A2 D2 4 24 Trip input interface U53 U55 Al DI 4 Chapter 1 Introduction Issue 1 0 February 17 1998 Ref Function Location Sheet 25 Microprocessor 057 A2 D2 5 26 Microprocessor 070 Al D1 5 27 Tick timer time base 1 msec D1 5 5 28 Local oscillator frequency check 067 5 5 29 TX frequency check 068 B1 5 5 30 Receiver analog to digital converter B2 D2 6 Note The numbers in the column of this table refer to the numbers found in Figure 5 No
28. o the communication link the transmission signal originating from the programmable dividers passes through a numeric switch U46 This switch allows microprocessor A to select the guard frequency or the alternating trip frequencies The numeric switch output passes through a fixed divider U49 followed by a low pass filter U19 whose role is to eliminate the third and subsequent harmonics This makes it possible to obtain a sine wave signal The output is then amplified by U27 and passed on to the T6 isolating transformer Potentiometer R205 provides a means for adjusting the transmission level The low pass output is also conditioned by U28 R203 R204 Q32 and R202 before being routed to the