Home

webguide.

1. Knu84 Knus6 Wil96 panion Addison Wesley Publishing Company 1994 Michel Goossens and Sebastion Rahtz The LaTeX Web Companion Integrating TeX HTML and XML Addison Wesley Publishing Company 1999 with Eitan Gurari Ross Moore and Robert Sutor John Hobby A User s Manual for MetaPost Technical Report 162 AT amp T Bell Laboratories Murray Hill NJ 1992 Alan Hoenig TeX Unbound LaTeX and TeX Strategies for Fonts Graphics ES More Oxford University Press 1998 Donald E Knuth The TeXbook Addison Wesley Publishing Company 1984 Donald E Knuth The METAFONTbook Addison Wesley Publishing Company 1986 Lam94 Leslie Lamport LaTeX A Document Preparation System Addison Wesley Pub lishing Company second edition 1994 Peter R Wilson ltx2x A LaTeX to X Auto tagger NIST Report NISTIR June 1996
2. else pdftrue fi ifpdf pdfoutput 1 usepackage pdftex graphicx uncomment if using graphicx usepackage pdftex hyperref uncomment if using hyperref else usepackage graphicx uncomment if using graphicx usepackage hyperref uncomment if using hyperref fi Running latex example will produce example dvi while running pdflatex example 2 PDF 4 will produce example pdf It is thus very easy to generate both dvi and pdf from the same LaTeX source file pdflatex will handle graphics files in the following formats PDF PNG JPEG and TIFF but notice that Encapsulated PostScript is missing from this list However it can handle directly the simple Encapsulated PostScript output by METAPostT Hob92 It does though expect METAPosT files to have a mps extension To include PostScript from other sources it is necessary to convert the PostScript to PDF pdftex and hence pdflatex has some extra primitive commands that are not available in TeX itself specifically for accessing aspects of the PDF format for example to create hypertext links bookmarks or article threads Consult the manual for details Independently of pdf latex the hyperref package ftp ctan tug org tex archive macros latex contrib supported hyperref extends the functionality of the LaTeX cross referencing commands to include hypertext links and also ad hoc hypertext links to for example external documents and URLs 2 4 Fonts The
3. less tedious than having to get them one by one Below I have used ftp ctan tug org tex archive to stand for any of the three CTAN sites 1 2 Disclaimer Nothing that is said in this document is meant to imply any endorsement or recommenda tion either positive or negative concerning any systems or programs mentioned herein Many of the systems or programs are free in the sense that they are either public domain or their licences are roughly equivalent to the GNU Public License Others are either commercial or have more restricitive licenses or may require payment Where known programs and systems that are not free are noted 2 PDF 2 2 PDF The traditional output from a LaTeX e g tex file is a device independent dvi file The dvi file is then processed further to convert it to a format suitable for printing on a particular printing device In the vast majority of cases the final printable format has been PostScript obtained by running the dvi file through a program like dvips to generate a ps file PostScript was developed by Adobe Systems The Portable Document Format PDF has since also been developed by Adobe and seems to be overtaking PostScript as the format of choice for printing and especially for display via the Web DVI and PDF are somewhat similar in that they both describe where electronic ink is to be put on electronic paper PostScript also does this but at the same time it is a co
4. made to generate XML tagged files The system comes with a script called htlatex which controls the conversion process from LaTeX there is also the httex script for converting a TeX document For instance to convert the earlier example LaTeX file example tex page 3 to an HTML4 0 tagged document it is enough to run htlatex example which will then output example html Similarly to convert xii tex just run httex xii 4 Examples Hopefully you should find several versions of this document all of which have been gener ated from a single source file These are e webguide tex the LaTeX source e webguide ps A PostScript version from running latex and dvips on webguide tex e webguide pdf A PDF version from runnning pdflatex on webguide tex e webguide html A HTML4 0 version from running htlatex on webguide tex The HTML version uses the GIF file webguideOx gif for the illustration the file is auto matically generated by tex4ht using the ImageMagick convert program The quality of the picture in the viewed document depends on the particular viewer different versions of Netscape for example may display and print the diagram with very different rendering qualities I asked TeX4ht to generate this particular figure at 180dpi instead of the default 110dpi to improve the quality REFERENCES 10 References GMS94 Michel Goossens Frank Mittelbach and Alexander Samarin The LaTeX Com GR99 Hob92 Hoe98
5. particular shape of any glyph nor how it is constructed or represented it only cares about the space occupied by each character i e the tfm files It is the DVI processor that needs to know in detail about the fonts in a document So the DVI processor has to be told to use Type 1 CM PostScript fonts The following is for the dvips program For convenience let TEXMF stand for the root of the texmf tree e g usr teTeX texmf 2 PDF 5 dvips looks in the TEXMF dvips base psfonts map to see if it can use any PostScript fonts This file starts off something like bchb8r CHarterBT Bold TeXBaselEncoding ReEncodeFont lt 8r enc lt bchb8a pfb To get dvips to use Type 1 versions of the CM fonts additional lines must be added to psfonts map giving similar information about the fonts The specification for CM fonts is simpler and consists of lines like cmb10 CMB10 lt cmb10 pfb cmbsy10 CMBSY10 lt cmbsy10 pfb In the version of teTeX that I use this information is in files bsr map bsr interpolated map cmcyr map hoekwater map and pl map all in directory TEXMF dvips config These files can either be copied by hand to the psfonts map file in TEXMF dvips base or in a modern teTeX distribution which should also have all the CM Type 1 font data it is easiest to do the following e In directory TEXMF dvips config copy the script file updmap to say updmap orig e Edit updmap to comment the line typel_default false and uncomme
6. the HTML document as graphics usually with a very poor appearance However for mathematics the situation is starting to change because of the advent of MathML http www w3 org TR MathML2 In particular the Milestone 13 release of Mozilla http www mozilla org binaries html is a MathML enabled browser Some 3 HTML 8 examples generated by TeX4ht are available at http www maths ox ac uk gartside mMOZSUCCESS All the systems generate HTML tagged documents with the particular tagging style set by the system It is advantageous to use a converter which either by default generates your desired style or which can be modified in some manner to do so 3 1 Self parsing systems The self parsing systems incorporate their own parsers for the TeX language In essence this means that they know the meaning of common TeX commands but probably not all possible commands It is advantageous to use a system that can be extended to deal with commands that were not anticipated by the author The only system I am familiar with in this class is Peter Wilson s 1tx2x program ftp ctan tug org tex archive support 1tx2x This program works by replacing known LaTeX commands and their arguments by user specified text strings Wil96 It is unable to handle anything more than very simple mathematics and ignores any pictures The user specified command texts are kept in a simple command table file Within limits new LaTeX commands and envi
7. A Brief Guide to LaTeX Tools for Web Publishing Peter R Wilson peter r wilson boeing com 11 March 2000 Abstract This document provides a brief guide to converting LaTeX documents to forms more suitable for dissemination via the Web Contents 1 Introduction 1 E URES Ai sheen Mat eat nee Ge ast a hee Wig eae ns eta a i 1 ie D Disclaimer id A A Anak an eae ea ey 1 2 PDF 2 2 1 From PostScript to PDF o e 2 2 2 FromDVItoPDE 0000000000000 008 4 3 2 37 FPromLateX to PDE Seime co Re A A is Berge es 3 DA CH ONUGS A a A Bee ee Bly Ae PON Pa AO doses a A 4 225 gt Meta Rostro eiste taht ei a ES yee a e a E 5 3 HTML 7 3 1 Self parsing systems 2 e 8 3 2 TeX based parsing system 9 4 Examples 9 List of Figures 1 Metapost illustration of an EXPRESS G diagram 0 6 With helpful critiques by Eitan Gurari gurari cis ohio state edu and David Wilson davidwCutopiatype com au 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Introduction Publishing on the Web has rapidly achieved significant importance for example the Inter national Organization for Standardization ISO is moving towards electronic forms of Inter national Standard documents that are suitable for publishing on the Web and in particular documents as PDF or HTML files rather than their traditional request for camera ready paper copy Documents written using LaTeX Lam94 tagging can be easily converted to PostScript PDF and
8. HTML all from the single electronic source This guide briefly notes some of the ways that this can be accomplished Most of the programs and systems mentioned here are described in more detail in GR99 I have made no attempt to design this document for Web publication The typographical rules for printing on paper are well founded having been developed over hundreds of years Display on computer screens is a very different matter and requires a different set of rules most of which as yet are either in a state of flux or unavailable For LaTeXers who are interested in this topic I suggest a look at D P Story s work on AcroTeX http waww math uakron edu dpstory acrotex html Further for the example conversions I have used only the minimal tool options necessary Many of the tools have extensive capabilities which are well documented in their accompanying user manuals these should be consulted for further information 1 1 URLs I have tried to provide URLs for the programs and systems mentioned here Most LaTeX related software is available from the Comprehensive TeX Archive Network CTAN There are three sites ftp ctan tug org tex archive in the USA ftp ftp tex ac uk tex archive in the UK and ftp ftp dante de tex archive in Germany as well as several mirror sites Usefully the CTAN sites but not necessarily a mirror site supports on the fly zipping of files and entire directories which makes downloading a group of files
9. d 3 For a document that is to be processed via LaTeX these files can be included as is However for processing through pdfLaTeX the files must have a mps extension for example fred1 mps fred2 mps and fred3 mps Figure 1 is a METAPOST illustration that is included in this document by the code begin figure centering ifpdf includegraphics expeg6 mps else includegraphics expeg 6 fi caption Metapost illustration of an textscf express g diagram label fig mp end figure where expeg6 mps is a copy of expeg 6 to cater for processing by either LaTeX or pdfLaTeX Actually the following will also work begin figure centering includegraphics expeg6 mps caption Metapost illustration of an textscfexpress g diagram label fig mp end figure 3 HTML 7 The figure demonstrates part of the capabilities of the expressg METAPOST package ftp ctan tug org tex archive graphics metapost contrib macros expressg for drawing diagrams consisting of boxes lines and annotations such as flowcharts or ER dia grams 3 HTML There are a number of systems that convert a LaTeX tagged document into an HTML tagged document These can be divided into two classes 1 Systems that parse the tex file themselves 2 Systems that use TeX as the file parser There are several that do their own parsing but only one that I know of that uses TeX as the parser TeX is a macro language and the meaning of existing comman
10. ds can be changed on the fly and also new commands can be defined on the fly Knu84 As perhaps the most extreme example of this is David Carlisle s xii tex TeX code which is obtainable as ftp ctan tug org tex archive macros plain contrib xii tex Met Xcatcode 767 A13 F1 j00 P2jdefA71F 7113jdefPALLF PA FwPA FPAZZFLaLPA 71F71iPAHHFLPAzzFenPASSFthP A FevP A FfPARR717273F737271P ADDFRgniPAWW71FPATTFvePA FstRsamP AGGFRruoPAqq71 72 F717271PAYY7172F727171PA FixLmPA amp amp 71jfi Fjfi71PAVVFjbigskipRPWGAUU71727374 75 76Fjpar71727375Djifx 76jelsegU76jfiPLAKK7172F7117271PAXX71FVLnOSeL71SLRyadRCoL RrhC yLRurtKFeLPFovPgaTLtReRomL PABB71 72 73 Fjif 73 jelse B73 3jfiXF71PU71 72 73 PWs AMM71F71diPAJJFRdriPAQQFRsreLPAI I71Fo71dPA FRgiePBt el 1TLqdrYmu Q Ke vz vzLqpip Q tz Lql IrsZ eap qn i i eLlMaesLdRcna h htLqm MRasZ ilk s z zLqs ansZ Ymi sx LYegseZRyal i TLRlogdLrDsW G LcYlaDLbJsW SWXJW ree CrzchLhzsW WERcesInW qt oL Rtrul e doTsW Wk Rri stW aHAHHFndZPpqar tridgeLinZpe LtYer W jbye If you run this through TeX not LaTeX I m sure you will be surprised at the result There is inevitably a problem when converting from LaTeX to HTML for a document that includes figures illustrations or anything more than the most simple mathematical typesetting as basically HTML provides no support Typically mathematics and illustra tions are converted to a picture format and then inserted into
11. g it but see http hutchinson belmont ma us tth tth commercial email html for the actual wording There is also another version TeX2HTML http www tex2html com which is the commercial GOLD version of the free ware Tth by Ian Hutchinson These programs run on the usual range of operating systems An example of the output from TtH is given in GR99 4 EXAMPLES 9 3 2 TeX based parsing system Eitan Gurari s TeX4ht system appears to be unique in that it uses TeX as the parser for the LaTeX document and instead effectively takes the dvi file as its starting point for conversion to HTML That is it does not have to understand TeX code and can in fact convert David Carlise s xii tex page 7 to HTML The system is available from http www cis ohio state edu gurari TeX4ht mn html It consists of two C pro grams one package file and a set of 4ht configuration files one for each of the typical LaTeX classes and packages It also requires ImageMagick http www wizards dupont com cristy www archives html for handling illustrations and non simple mathematics Simply speaking the system is extended by writing new 4ht file s and its output modified by writing simple cfg file s that override the 4ht file s At the moment the best and most detailed description is given in GR99 By default TeX4ht can generate a non tagged file or a file tagged with either HTML3 2 or HTML4 0 By writing appropriate cfg files it can be
12. mplete programming language This means that it is inherently more difficult time consuming and computer intensive to process PostScript than either DVI or PDF This is probably the reason behind the popularity of PDF on the Web There are now several methods of producing a PDF e g pdf file from tex These include e Converting from PostScript to PDF from ps to pdf e Generate PDF from the device independent file from dvi to pdf e Generate PDF directly from the LaTeX source from tex to pdf 2 1 From PostScript to PDF There are basically two routes to getting from PostScript to PDF The first of these is to use Acrobat software from Adobe Systems which essentially means the commercial Distiller program Distiller can read in a PostScript file and output a PDF file where the visual results of printing the two files are identical This or any other PDF file can be viewed and or printed via the charge free Acrobat Reader program Note that when using Reader the fit to paper option may alter the page layout for example by changing the height of the text block The second route is to use a non Adobe converter program like Ghostscript which runs on nearly all operating systems and which is obtainable from http www cs wisc edu ghost The Ghostscript distribution comes with a script called ps2pdf which performs the conversion The distribution also provides the popular Ghostview program which is a viewer for bo
13. normal fonts used with LaTeX are the Computer Modern family developed by Knuth using METAFONT Knu86 All METAFONT fonts are in the form of bitmaps which is un fortunate when it comes to PDF Typically PDF will only use one size of each font for a document and will scale this if different font sizes are required This normally works well as fonts used with PDF are typically Type 1 fonts e g PostScript fonts which are designed to be scaleable Bitmap fonts look terrible when scaled or printed at a resolution that they were not designed for In other words expect bad results if you generate a PDF file with the original Computer Modern fonts Perhaps the easiest method of dealing with this is to use the most common PostScript fonts namely Times Courier and Helvetica All that is necessary is to add usepackage times to the document s preamble Alternatively if you need to use the CM fonts perhaps because a lot of mathematics is involved many LaTeX distributions include Type 1 versions of the CM fonts If you don t have them they can be found at ftp ctan tug org tex archive fonts cm ps typel bluesky and at ftp ctan tug org tex archive fonts amstonts ps typel for the AMS fonts Goossens et al provide useful and general information on installing and using different fonts with LaTeX GMS94 while for the fontophile Alan Hoenig Hoe98 delves much more deeply into the installation of PostScript fonts TeX doesn t care about the
14. nt the line typel_default true e Run the script via updmap Another more general method is to edit the file config ps in directory TEXMF dvips config and at the appropriate place which should be marked but in any case after the line p psfonts map add lines like p bsr map p bsr interpolated map Another option when using dvips which avoids all of the above is to call it with options like dvips Pamz Pcmz Ppdf j0 other options filename and then use your prefered ps to pdf conversion process 2 5 MetaPost John Hobby s METAPOST Hob92 is a language based drawing program based on Knuth s METAFONT Knu86 METAFONT was principally designed for creating fonts and generates bitmapped output while METAPOST is principally for drawing general line illustrations and its output is a particularly simple form of Encapsulated PostScript 2 PDF 6 x o name J STRING O name made_by manufacturer O car_model model_type DER made_by car year INTEGER o dd STRING serial_no Figure 1 Metapost illustration of an EXPRESS G diagram This is not the place to describe METAPOST but it can generate several output files one for each drawing from a single input file called say fred mp The output files have a numeric extension correspond to the number of the drawing So for example it may generate files fred 1 fred 2 and fre
15. ronments may be specified within a command table file and the command texts modified The 1tx2x program has been used to detex i e remove all LaTeX commands files convert to HTML and convert to SGML It cannot convert to XML due to a yet to be resolved technical problem in dealing with end of paragraph tags The program is written in C and so requires a C compiler for installation The system can be extended via some C programming in which case the flex and bison programs are also required There is no chance that 1tx2x would ever make any sense whatsoever of xii tex on page 7 Perhaps the most venerable system is the LaTeX2HTML system http www texdev mpce mq edu au 12h docs manual or ftp ctan tug org tex archive support latex2html originally by Nikos Drakos and now maintained by Ross Moore and others This system is written using Perl ftp ftp uu net languages perl It also requires a database management system such as the Unix DBM or NDBM or the GNU GDBM system Fur ther it requires Ghostscript and the netpbm library of graphics utilities ftp ftp x org contrib utilities To extend or change the default conversion style requires I think some Perl programming A fuller description and examples are given in GR99 Another converter is the TtH program by Ian Hutchinson http hutchinson belmont ma us tth which is cost free for non commercial use commercial use in this case is roughly by anyone who gets paid while usin
16. th PostScript and PDF files Another converter program which does have some licensing conditions that may not be suitable for all users is PStill it is available from http www this net frank pstill html 2 PDF 3 2 2 From DVI to PDF Mark Wicks dvipdfm program http odo kettering edu dvipdfm converts a dvi file to a pdf file The program is used in the same manner as dvips and provides similar capabilities PostScript illustrations are handled in one of two ways Simple PostScript generated by the METAPOST program Hob92 is included natively Any other PostScript file is first converted to PDF by using an external program like Ghostscript and then inserted into the output file Illustrations in PDF PNG and JPEG formats require no external aids dvipdfm is written in C but there are some binaries for Linux systems 2 3 From LaTeX to PDF The pdfLaTeX program being developed by Han Th Thanh is a modified version of TeX that generates pdf instead of dvi output files pdfLaTeX is distributed with many of the free LaTeX distributions and is also obtainable from ftp ftp cstug cz pub tex local cstug thanh although it may be better to try ftp ctan tug org tex archive systems pdftex Running pdfLaTeX is very similar to running LaTeX but some minor changes are re quired to the tex file For example example tex example latex file documentclass newif ifpdf ifx pdfoutput undef ined pdffalse

webguide.

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents