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1. endassembly getprobe a2 tran2 V 3 T2 assemblycir run4 cir VinlOAC 1 Eclcl x LAPLACE V c2 a1 exp s T1 Ex x 0 value V 1 b Ec2 c20 LAPLACE V c1 a2 exp s T2 runsim AC nocsdf endassembly The MCF starts by a header line No 1 The definition of variables via set command is on line 2 The subcircuits SH1 SH2 defined within the lines 3 and 8 9 and 13 model the SH circuit as two linear circuits at phases 1 and 2 Three types of analyses are defined on lines 14 to 16 They will be used later in the frame of automatically generated PSpice input files the TRANSIENT analysis within switching phase 1 or 2 line 14 or 15 and the AC analysis within the frequency range from 10Hz to the double of switching frequency i e to 200kHz line 16 The commands for the generation of PSpice input file RUN1 CIR are on lines 17 to 21 This circuit file is for the transient analysis of SH circuit within switching phase 1 for vm 1V and zero initial conditions After executing the command on line 21 this ISSN 1109 9445 194 Dalibor Biolek Jaroslav Kadlec Viera Biolkova and Zden k Kolka circuit file is created the simulator is run automatically and the corresponding analysis is performed The value of output voltage at time T1 i e at the end of the analysis is saved to variable b see line 22 This variable is labeled as bl in equations 1 and 3 The other circuit file RUN2 CI2. PSiM variables ISSN 1109 9445 Dalibor Biolek Jaroslav Kadlec Viera Biolkova and Zden k Kolka genTpoint generating values of specified circuit variables for concrete time instant getTpoint reading the above variables to PSiM variables genFpoint generating values of specified circuit variables for concrete frequency getFpoint reading the above variables to PSiM variables The following Section provides an introductory illustration of how to use the PSiM features for simple optimization of transistor amplifier 5 Demonstration 1 circuit optimization A simple schematic of transistor circuit is shown in Fig 4 Rb1 is requested to design in order to set collector DC voltage to 8V bat Fig 4 Example of the optimized circuit This task can be solved numerically via the method of interval bisection as schematically shown below Rmin 10k Rmax 500k error lm Vreq 8V Rb1 Rmin Rmax 2 Analysis of Vcollector abs Vcollector Vreq Vreq gt error yes no Vcollector gt Vreq yes no Rmax Rb1 Rmin Rb1 end 190 Issue 5 Volume 5 May 2008 WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ELECTRONICS First of all the minimum and maximum values Rmin and Rmax of RB1 are defined together with the required value of collector voltage and the acceptable error of setting this voltage Then the Rb1 is computed as average value of Rmin and Rmax For this Rbl the bias point computation in PSpice is performed and actual valu
3. making its structure more transparent We can also reuse the already generated parts of the program by this approach e The possibility of writing the comments belongs to the natural demands on the PSiM language A reasonable choice is to assume the same format as in PSpice if the first character on the line is then the content of the line means a comment When the comments are written in the ECIR which generates the PCIR they will be also written into this PCIR The PSiM works as an interpreter of the above language The PSiM operation can be divided into two phases The syntactic analysis of the MCF is performed in the first step Syntactic errors can be ISSN 1109 9445 Dalibor Biolek Jaroslav Kadlec Viera Biolkova and Zden k Kolka 189 found here i e an incorrect notation of the PSiM commands or their incorrect location The response to this error means terminating the MCF processing and displaying an error message During the syntactic analysis the text of the MCF is fragmented into individual syntactic elements e g commands comments lines of the generated PCIR etc The syntactic elements are represented by a data structure class A list of these elements or commands is created during the syntactic analysis The second phase of the PSiM Operation consists in performing the commands from this list The PSiM activity is terminated if the end of this list is achieved or if a command for breaking or stopping i
4. It is true that the optimal value of Rb1 can be easily determined via convential PSpice analyses e g via stepping Rb1 within the DC analysis The main advantages of PSiM consist in simulation tasks where more consecutive analyses with data sharing are required The following demonstration shows such solution which cannot be performed via the conventional PSpice utilization 6 Demonstration 2 AC analysis of circuits with periodically controlled switches A direct small signal AC analysis of switched capacitor SC switched current SI and other circuits with periodically controlled analog switches belong to well known limitations of Spice compatible programs Issue 5 Volume 5 May 2008 WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ELECTRONICS A method of direct AC analysis of idealized two phase SC filters in PSpice has been described in 11 The frequency responses are acquired neither via the repeated TRANSIENT analysis nor by the method of multi tone excitation 12 but through a direct application of the conventional AC analysis to a special model of switched circuit AC analysis of general linear switched circuits while taking into consideration influences of real phenomena e g nonzero switch on resistances parasitic inductances frequency dependent OpAmp gains etc is hardly applicable in Spice compatible programs The method described in 11 is based on the assumption of immediate changes of capacitor voltages at the switching insta
5. Features of the Algorithms for Numerical Integration Steady State Analysis and Optimization in the Electronic Circuits Design WSEAS Transactions on Systems 2005 Vol 12 No 4 pp 2322 2329 6 Systems Inc 7 from 31 8 2008 8 Int Available at http www fe uni lj si spice download icap4 pdf 9 System and method of providing additional circuit analysis using simulation templates US Patent 7110929 Issued on September 19 2006 10 Jaro M compatible programs Bachelor s UMEL FEKT VUT Brno 2007 in Czech 11 Biolek D Biolkova V Kolka Z Analysis pp 1 4 12 Bi k J Hospodka J Frequency response of switched circuits in SPICE Proceedings of ECCTD 03 Krakow IEEE 2003 pp I 333 336 13 Jaros M Kadlec J Biolek Unconventional Simulation tasks in OrCAD PSpice via Simulation Manager In Proc of the 12 WSEAS Int Conference on Circuits CSCC 08 Greece 2008 pp 189 192 14 Wojcziechowski J Vlach J Opal Analysis of Nonlinear Networks with Inconsistent Initial Conditions IEEE Transactions on CAS I 1995 vol 42 no 4 pp 195 200 15 Biolek D Modeling of Periodically Switched Networks by Mixed Description IEEE Transactions on CAS I 1997 vol 44 no 8 pp 750 758 195 Issue 5 Volume 5 May 2008 PSpice Reference Guide Cadence Design Smith M WinSpice3 User s Manual Ver Biirmen A An i
6. In the case of avoiding the IIC the vectors of state variables can be compounded of capacitor voltages and inductor currents As shown in 15 the behavior of real switched networks is also affected by variations of the input signals within the relatively short switching phases However when the real phenomena are not extremely significant then such an influence ISSN 1109 9445 Dalibor Biolek Jaroslav Kadlec Viera Biolkova and Zden k Kolka 192 on the frequency response can be neglected which substantially simplifies the subsequent computer analysis This neglecting is implemented by introducing the assumption that the input signal v is of the Sample Hold SH character 15 e g with discontinuities at switching instants The consistence of initial conditions and the continuity of state variables should be ensured while modeling the input gate of the switched circuit Under the above assumptions the switched circuit can be described in each switching phase by linear equations 1 and 2 End of switching phase No 1 at time t kT T k 0 1 2 x AT T A x kT B v AT T End of switching phase No 1 at time t kT T k 0 1 2 x kT T A x kT T B v kT T 2 where A A B and B are the matrices vectors whose elements depend on the character of transient phenomena in the circuit within the corresponding switching phases Utilizing the theory of generalized transfer functio
7. R is defined on lines 23 to 28 for computing the variable al A1 matrix reduced to a scalar Here the input voltage is zero and the natural response to the initial condition of state variable V 1V is computed Accordingly the analysis of circuit file RUN3 within switching phase 2 leads to variable a2 Equations 3 and 4 are modeled on lines 36 to 42 by means of E type controlled sources This model is then analyzed via the AC analysis Ge 100Hz DB V tel 200KHz DBAY 27 Frequency Fig 6 Results of PSpice AC analysis Amplitude frequency response with output samples at phases 1 V c1 and 2 V c2 The entire sequence of the simulation runs takes fractions of a second on AMD Athlon 64 3500 2 21GHz 2GB RAM with installed OrCAD PSpice ver 16 The resulting frequency responses in Fig 6 are equivalent to results obtained from a special SPIN program 15 7 Conclusions The PSpice Simulation Manager PSiM described in this paper is an independent executable program which enables with the utilization of the so called Manager Control File MCP an effective control of the OrCAD PSpice program The PSiM increases the application range of the OrCAD PSpice such that we can program an arbitrary algorithm and combine the Issue 5 Volume 5 May 2008 WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ELECTRONICS results of basic PSpice analyses DC AC and TRANSIENT Such combining can be used for ad
8. TRONICS new file names will be derived from their original names via their extension by numbers corresponding to the order of the simulation run e The PSiM should include commands for program loops and chaining the if and while commands known from other programming languages on the basis of boolean relations By means of boolean relations it should be possible to compare the values of arithmetic terms as well as to link the boolean expressions to more complicated units via logical operators and or negation etc e The commands for program loops and chaining should be also placed in the text for generating the PCIR In this way the user can control which parts of the PCIR will be generated or which parts will be repeated more times e The goto command can also be included among the commands for program loops and chaining It serves for passing the control to the given label which is defined by the label command This whole group is called commands for run control Thanks to these commands we can algorithmize the evaluation of the results of foregoing simulations and control other simulations e A command should exist for including a file analogous to the PSpice command JNC The included file could also contain the commands of the PSiM thus it would be a MCF That is why the PSpice command JNC cannot be used for such cases Using this method the program controlling the PSiM could be divided into several files
9. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ELECTRONICS Dalibor Biolek Jaroslav Kadlec Viera Biolkova and Zden k Kolka Interactive Command Language for OrCAD PSpice via Simulation Manager and its Utilization for Special Simulations in Electrical Engineering DALIBOR BIOLEK JAROSLAV KADLEC VIERA BIOLKOVA ZDENEK KOLKA Dept of EE University of Defense Brno Czech Republic 5 Dept of Microelectronics Brno University of Technology Czech Republic Dept of Radio Electronics Brno University of Technology Czech Republic dalibor biolek unob cz http user unob cz biolek Abstract The Interactive Command Language ICL significantly extends the simulation performance of several programs based on SPICE3 standard for the analysis of electrical networks in the so called sequential mode when the relatively independent tasks are run consecutively with a possibility of data exchange However the ICL is not implemented in the well known OrCAD PSpice simulation program The paper describes a conception of the so called PSpice Simulation Manager PSiM This program implements the ICL in OrCad PSpice PSiM is an independently executable program which controls the OrCad PSpice enabling its operation in sequential mode A powerful programming language also enables iterative runs within the conditional loops which can be utilized e g for optimization Concrete demonstrations of PSIM performance for circuit optimization and AC analysis of switched networks are i
10. apture Fig 1 Conventional conception of the interaction between the user and the OrCadPSpice The user can create the model of simulated circuit either directly by writing the PSpice circuit file or indirectly through the schematic capture In the letter case the corresponding circuit file is compiled automatically after running the analysis Results of the analyses are available either via more kinds of data files or by means of graphical postprocessor Probe In any case the above discussed sequential mode of the analysis cannot be executed automatically but only due to user s activity user must analyze the results and based on this analysis to modify manually the input data for a subsequent analysis In the new conception shown in Fig 2 PSiM replaces the controlling role of user The user controls the simulation process indirectly via the so called Manager Control File MCF which can be written either directly or indirectly via a special schematic capture The MCF can be considered as a generalization of PSpice circuit file It contains instructions for controlling the PSiM According to these instructions PSiM generates the circuit file for PSpice collects the analysis results performs their post processing and controls automatically the subsequent analysis runs Instead of the pspice exe only the computational core psp_cmd exe is run which enjoys several advantages 6 The PSpice circuit file is generated by PSiM
11. directly without a necessity of using the OrCAD schematic capture Also the information about the analysis results are extracted ISSN 1109 9445 Dalibor Biolek Jaroslav Kadlec Viera Biolkova and Zden k Kolka automatically from the PSpice data files That is why Probe is only used post facto for user s manual processing of the analysis results Circuit File PSpice results header output file netlist Probe files commands psp_cmd exe bias point file end schematic capture Fig 2 Proposed conception of the interaction between the user and the OrCadPSpice via PSiM The detailed conception of the co action of the PSiM and the computing PSpice core is illustrated in Fig 3 Manager Control File MCF header o psp_cmd exe set variable 1 assemblycir x cir Rx 1 2 variable endassembly data from PSpice analyses data from bias points sre defining the variables last command of MCF PSpice Circuit File Extended Circuit File PCIR ECIR Fig 3 Simplified schematic of the communication between the PSiM and the simulation program via the Manager Control File Issue 5 Volume 5 May 2008 WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ELECTRONICS The commands from the MCF are executed step by step in a sequence that is defined in this file The source text of ECIR for generating the PCIR for running an independent simulation task is bounded by a pair of the assemblycir and endassembly commands In this text the conventi
12. e of collector voltage is obtained If the relative error is acceptable the process of searching Rb1 is finished Otherwise the actual value of Rb1 will replace the value Rmin or Rmax depending on the fact if the collector voltage is smaller or larger than the required value and the analysis is performed again with Rb1 as average value of Rmin and Rmax The corresponding Manager Control File MCF is listed below For lucidity the individual lines are numbered Note that these numbers are not part of the MCF transistor circuit set Rmin 10k Rmax 500k Vreq 8 err 1m label START set Rb1 0 5 Rmin Rmax beginnet ampli Vbat bat 0 12V Q c be Q2N2222 Rc bat c 1 9k Re e 0 200 Rb1 bat b Rb1 Rb2 b 0 33k lib endnet assemblycir run use ampli genQpoint Qdc v c endassembly getQpoint Qdc Vact 1 while abs Vact Vreq Vreq lt err if Vact gt Vreq Rmin Rb1 OOO ROS else Rmax Rb1 endif goto START endwhile The first line represents a conventional header of the circuit file according to common PSpice conventions The definitions of variables Rmin Rmax Vreq and err are placed on line No 2 The line No 3 is labeled as START Line No 4 includes a command for computing Rb1 as average value of Rmin and Rmax ISSN 1109 9445 Dalibor Biolek Jaroslav Kadlec Viera Biolkova and Zden k Kolka 191 The couple of commands beginnet and endnet on lines No 5 and 12 enclose the Manager subci
13. mulation tasks can be described as follows For k 1 2 computing the Bk vector Modeling the circuit within phase No k vin 1V zero initial conditions TRANSIENT analysis till the time Tk Reading the values of state variables and saving them to the Bk vector computing the Ak matrix Modeling the circuit within phase No k vin OV zero initial conditions Fori 1 N_ N is the number of state variables Setting state variable No i to one TRANSIENT analysis till the time Tk Reading the values of state variables and saving them to the ith column of Ak matrix end end It should be noted that PSpice cannot provide the above algorithm independently without the user s interventions That is why a cooperation between PSpice and PSiM is required PSiM should provide an automated run of the analyses according to the above algorithm As a demonstration of the above approach a simple model of the Sample Hold circuit is shown in Fig 5 together with the waveforms of input and output voltages and switching impulses Also the so called equivalent signals v and v are indicated here They represent the continuous time equivalents of discrete time signals at time instants ISSN 1109 9445 Dalibor Biolek Jaroslav Kadlec Viera Biolkova and Zden k Kolka 193 at the ends of switching phases 1 and 2 respectively 15 The frequency responses for the selection of output samples in phase 1 or 2 computed i
14. n AC analysis are defined by the frequency dependence of the magnitude ratios and the differences of initial phases of the corresponding equivalent signal and the input signal We select the only state variable in the circuit i e the capacitor voltage v The matrices and vectors of A and B types in equations 1 4 are then reduced to scalars ay a2 b4 and b gt Since the switch in Fig 5 separates the entire circuit from the input signal during phase 2 the relation b 0 holds and thus there is no need to compute this quantity A list of the MCF is given below ge Ne R Vint C v t kT kT T 4 t t kT T Fig 5 Model of SH circuit and a demonstration of circuit waveforms AC analysis of Sample Hold circuit set Ron 5k fs 100k T1 0 1 fs T2 1 fs T1 beginnet SH1 Ron 1 2 Ron Rs 23 10m C301n Rz 2 0 100k endnet beginnet SH2 Rs23 10m C30I1n mere OMAN DMNBWN Ke Issue 5 Volume 5 May 2008 WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ELECTRONICS Rz 2 0 100k endnet defsim tranl TRAN 0 T1 0 T1 100 skipbp defsim tran2 TRAN 0 T2 0 T2 100 skipbp defsim AC AC dec 100 10 fs 2 assemblycir runl cir VinlO1V use SH1 runsim tran endassembly getprobe b tranl V 3 T1 assemblycir run2 cir Vin1 00V use SH1 gt IC V 3 1V runsim tranl endassembly getprobe al tranl V 3 T1 assemblycir run3 cir use SH2 IC V3 1V runsim tran2
15. ncluded at the conclusion Keywords PSpice PSiM simulation analysis circuit 1 Introduction The PSpice Simulation Manager PSiM described in this paper is designed to control the Programs of the Spice or PSpice type are widely OrCAD PSpice in agreement with the user s used for solving various problems in electrical intentions 10 The controlling algorithm is engineering both at academic institutions and in defined by the so called Manager Control File industry 1 5 OrCAD PSpice 6 is one of MCF This file should be written according to today s well known programs from this category the syntactic rules of special programming In contrast to WinSpice 7 ISSpice4 ICAP 4 8 language of the manager This language contains and other similar programs it does not support the among other things the instructions for compiling utilization of ICL interactive Command the ECIR Extended Circuit File which is a Language 7 9 for controlling the simulation source text for generating the PSpice Circuit File tasks However this language represents a PCIR commands for defining the variables for powerful tool for operation in the so called defining basic PSpice analyses which should be sequential mode when the simulation tasks are run executed for controlling the PSpice operation and consecutively with the ability to influence the for receiving the simulation results saving them in character of consecutive operations depending on va
16. nds The structure of the MCF should be clear and transparent The MCF is thus a record of a program for the PSiM It was necessary to design a new simple programming language for the above control of simulation tasks The requirements for this language were defined as follows e The PSiM will read the MCF step by step starting from the first line the MCF is processed sequentially e The programming language of the PSiM should support simple mathematical computations The ISSN 1109 9445 Dalibor Biolek Jaroslav Kadlec Viera Biolkova and Zden k Kolka 188 program should therefore be able to work with variables representing real numbers and to evaluate arithmetic terms which can contain variables numerical constants basic operators braces and some mathematical functions In other words some commands should be defined which enable the definition declaration of variables and the evaluation of arithmetic terms The ECIRs Extended Circuit Files of the circuits being analyzed can appear in the MCF Thus commands should exist for the definition of the beginning and the end of such an ECIR The command defining the beginning should have a parameter indicating the file name The given PCIR will then be generated into this file The command defining the end of the ECIR will cause the PSpice to run with the name of the PCIR as a parameter The PSiM will wait for the end of the simulation and then it will conti
17. ns 15 equations 1 and 2 can be converted to the z domain X A X B Vni X A X z gt B V 9 gt 3 4 where Xj X2 Vin and Vinz are the z transforms of signals X X2 Vin sampled at time instants in which the switching phases 1 or 2 are terminated We can conclude that the AC analysis of the switched circuit should be accomplished in the following consecutive steps 1 Computing the elements of matrices and vectors A A gt B a Bo 2 AC analysis of equations 3 and 4 utilizing the well known substitution z expG T A possible method of computing the B vector implies from Eq 1 The conventional TRANSIENT analysis is executed during switching phase No 1 on the assumption of v 1V and under zero initial condition x2 kT Then the vector x at the end of this analysis will contain the elements of vector B4 Issue 5 Volume 5 May 2008 WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ELECTRONICS When the TRANSIENT analysis of circuit in phase 1 is performed under the condition of v 0 and with state variable No i being set to one then the vector x at the end of this analysis will contain the elements of column No i of matrix Aj An analogous procedure can be repeated for phase No 2 in order to compute vector B and matrix A After computing the above vectors and matrices item 2 will be performed via behavioral modeling of equations 3 and 4 and the following AC analysis The sequence of PSpice si
18. ntroduction to ICAP 4 In Workshop Rosenheim August 2000 Simulation manager for SPICE Thesis AC of Idealized Switched Capacitor Circuits in Spice Compatible Programs In Proc of Int Conf CSCC 07 Greece 2007
19. nts That is why it cannot be used for such cases when the lengths of transient phenomena caused by switching processes cannot be neglected The new method presented below can be used only on the assumption that the PSpice features will be extended by the utilization of PSiM Consider a linear switched circuit with two phase switching i e a circuit that can be modeled by a pair of linear circuits separately for switching phases 1 and 2 Let the lengths of switching phases 1 and 2 be denoted T and 7 gt respectively Their sum is equal to the switching period T 1 F where F is the switching frequency Exclusion of the so called inconsistent initial conditions IIC 14 is a basic assumption of PSpice simulation of real switched circuits The IIC can arise in the case of idealized modeling e g when two capacitors with different initial voltages are connected in parallel by an ideal switch with zero on resistance Accepting this assumption is a necessary consequence of the fact that the internal algorithms of PSpice cannot resolve numerical problems which are associated with the IIC One can easily avoid the IIC e g by defining nonzero on resistances of all the switches inside the circuit Let us define state variables within each switching phase of the circuit such that they are continuous in time at instants between the switching phases Let the vectors of such state variables for phases 1 and 2 be denoted x and x respectively
20. nue on the next line of the MCF The PCIR contents can be modified prior to its generation by the SiM Recording the value of arithmetic term in a certain place of the PCIR is one of the alternatives It should be possible to write in the text of the ECIR a command for evaluating the arithmetic term At the moment when the PCIR is generated this term is evaluated by the PSiM and its numerical value is written into the PCIR This method can for example modify the parameters of some circuit components in order to perform optimization The PSiM should be able to process the results of already executed simulations Thus some commands should be defined for reading such results The results of certain simulations can be saved by PSpice in the text files The PSiM should be able to process these files The commands in the MCF will enable saving such values into user defined variables It will enable subsequent work with these values After finishing the activities of the PSiM all the files generated from all executed simulation runs should be available They are all PCIRs and the corresponding output files and the data files containing the results of the simulations which were generated by utilizing the SAVEBIAS or PROBE commands The PSiM can perform the conservation of these files such that it will perform their backup under modified names after finishing the simulation run The Issue 5 Volume 5 May 2008 WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ELEC
21. onal PSpice syntax can be combined with the extended commands of the PSiM At the moment of processing the endassembly command the conventional PCIR is automatically generated and the computational core psp_cmd exe is subsequently run with the generated PCIR as a parameter The manager is waiting until the end of simulation and then it finds out on the basis of the return code if the simulation ran correctly In the case of an error the operation of the manager is terminated The user can identify this error from the output file generated When the simulation run is terminated correctly both the output file and depending on the character of the simulation task other files containing the results of individual analyses Transient AC or DC are available as well as the calculated coordinates of the bias points All these results can be read as new variables of the PSiM For example we define the VP variable and save the value of the voltage between the nodes p and 0 in time 10ms to this variable This variable can be used for defining the PCIR of subsequently executed simulation 3 Characteristics of the simulation manager and its language The MCF Manager Circuit File serves as the input of the PSiM This file contains models of simulated circuits in the PSpice language and special commands for controlling the simulation tasks for the PSiM The commands for PSiM should be unambiguously distinguishable from the PSpice comma
22. rcuit named ampli which defines the PSpice netlist of the circuit with one exception on line No 10 where the formula Rb1 is used for the definition of resistance Rb1 The symbol means that the interpretation of this formula will be provided by the PSiM not PSpice Then the pair characters follow between them is the formula The numerical value of this formula is included into the generated PCIR by the PSiM In this case the formula is very simple because it contains only the Rb1 variable The definition of the ECIR follows the assemblycir command on line 13 with the pair command endassembly on line 16 The PCIR is generated according to this definition It will include the text of ampli subcircuit due to the use ampli command as well as a source text of a special single point analysis defined on line No 15 This command forces PSpice to perform single point DC analysis with subsequent generating DC value of the quantity defined within the curly braces here v c into the PSpice output file The command on line No 17 reads this value into the variable Vact i e actual collector voltage The following commands on lines 18 to 25 contain the above discussed cycles and Boolean conditions The analysis runs 10 times The resulting value of Rb1 is 241 3kKOhms The corresponding value of collector voltage is 7 997 volts The above introductory demonstration is rather simple serving for acquainting with PSiM basic features
23. riable array defining vector or matrix variable Issue 5 Volume 5 May 2008 WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ELECTRONICS Commands for working with PSiM subcircuits beginnet beginning the PSiM netlist endnet ending the PSim netlist use calling the PSiM netlist Command for including source files of MCF include includes arbitrary source file to the MCF Commands for generating the PSpice circuit files assemblycir beginning the circuit file endassembly ending the circuit file Commands for generating the cycles and Boolean conditions if elsif else endif while endwhile for endfor break continue label goto halt Commands for interpreting conventional PSpice commands beginspice beginning PSpice code endspice ending PSpice code Commands for defining and running basic DC AC and Transient analyses defsim defining the analysis runsim running the analysis Commands for generating and reading the coordinates of DC operating point genbias generating the DC operating point getbias reading it to a vector variable Commands for generating and reading the data files for Probe post processor genprobe generating Probe data for a concrete analysis getprobe reading Probe data to vector variables Commands for running the so called single point DC AC and Transient analyses and for reading their results genQpoint generating DC values of specified circuit variables geTQpoint reading the above variables to
24. riables and processing them mathematically the attained state of the simulation run That is The paper is organized as follows Section 2 why the OrCAD PSpice users cannot solve next to this introductory part confronts the problems of the following character Successive conventional conception of PSpice analysis with automated runs of different types of analyses e g newly proposed method based on PSiM As a AC Transient DC immediately after the end of result of this comparison benefits and sense of the the foregoing analysis utilizing data from this PSiM implementation are made clear Section 3 analysis for the current simulation run The presents the overall characteristics of the PSiM consecutive modifications of model parameters and its language Some relevant details are given which would depend on the results of previous in Section 4 Next Sections illustrate concrete analyses Repeated run of various simulation tasks PSiM applications particularly the analyses which in the loops until the optimal behavior of circuit cannot be performed within the conventional model is reached PSpice utilization ISSN 1109 9445 186 Issue 5 Volume 5 May 2008 WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ELECTRONICS 2 Conventional PSpice versus PSiM conception The conventional conception of working with OrCad PSpice is illustrated in Fig 1 Circuit File PSpice results header output file netlist Probe files B pspice exe commands end schematic Probe c
25. s executed or in the case of error e g division by zero etc In the course of processing the MCF the syntax correctness of generated PCIRs is not checked This checking will be only done by PSpice itself when processing this PCIR Then PSpice will simultaneously carry out the simulation The result of syntactic checking or the occurrence of another error can be learned from the return code of the psp_cmd exe program When the return code is zero the simulation was carried out without error If not some error appeared A description of this error is given in the output file If such an error occurs during the simulation the PSiM is terminated 4 PSiM variables operators and commands For storing the data and its mathematical processing user can define PSiM variables of several types namely scalars vectors and two and three dimensional matrices New variables can be defined and evaluated on the basis of the existing variables via operators functions and commands In addition to a common mathematical operators and functions known from high level languages some vector and matrix operators and functions are also implemented here which are inspired by Matlab features In this Section several basic PSiM commands are summarized All of them can be sorted to the following categories Description of their syntax is out of the scope of this paper e Commands for defining the variables and their values set defining scalar va
26. vanced analyses of special electronic systems The paper demonstrates how this approach can be used for programming atypical simulation tasks namely the AC analysis of real switched circuits Currently the version 1 of the PSiM is completed which works on the text file level Simultaneously a graphical user s interface is developed which enables comfortable programming of sequential operations also for users who do not need to master the script language of the PSiM Acknowledgment This work is supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic under grant No 102 08 0784 by the research programmes of BUT MSMO0021630503 MSM0021630513 and UD Brno MO FVT0000403 References 1 Vladimirescu A The SPICE book John Willey amp Sons Inc 1994 Foruzandeh B Farbiz F Khadem M Hooshmand A Spice simulations for a designed network that models the wp learning algorithm WSEAS Transactions on Circuits 2003 Vol 2 No 1 pp 82 85 Kwon W O Park K Choi P Woo C G Analog SPICE Behavioral Model for Digital I0 Pin Based on IBIS Model WSEAS Transactions on Circuits and Systems 2004 Vol 3 No 1 pp 1 6 Biolek D Biolkova V Kolka Z PSPICE modelling of Buck Converter by means of GFTs WSEAS Transactions on Electronics 2006 Vol 3 No 2 pp 93 96 2 4 ISSN 1109 9445 Dalibor Biolek Jaroslav Kadlec Viera Biolkov and Zden k Kolka 5 Dobe J New
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