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Engine Analyzer v3.4 for Windows User`s Manual

1. Chamber This combo box lets you pick a general chamber design This spec affects e How well the chamber burns the air fuel mixture for various compression ratios e Spark plug location and number of spark plugs which affects burn rate This spec does NOT affect flow as that is described by the Flow Efficiency data described later Table 2 1 Descriptions of Chamber Designs Typical Wedge Wedge chamber with spark plug significantly offset from the center high compression requires significant piston popup squish quench area does NOT have extremely tight clearance and is a low percent of the total chamber Compact Wedge Wedge chamber with spark plug more centrally located high compression does not requires significant piston popup squish quench area does have extremely tight clearance 040 060 depending on RPM range and is a high percent of the total chamber valve angles generally have to be reduced for this type of chamber Hemi Hemispherical chamber with centrally located spark plug large domed pistons squish quench area does NOT have extremely tight clearance 040 060 depending on RPM range and is not a high percent of the total chamber bore Pent Roof Similar to hemi but for most typical 4 valve engines Dual Plug option for all Select the dual plug version of one of the chamber designs above if designs listed above it has 2 spark plugs which fire at approximately the same time but at different locations in th
2. Cirele Track Racing Analyzer The process of loading Engine See Trouble Analyzer results into another Other custom configuration eck Eeri shooting program are nearly automatic e section for and consists of Program EXE Nome using this 1 Select the vehicle Location pathi Look for it tton program you want to Ran bu send the results to in the a Send menu See Figure 3 22 Then click on OK Send to leave the Engine Analyzer 2 The vehicle program will be automatically loaded and run The Engine Analyzer will look where it expects the program to be If the program is not there the Engine Analyzer will ask you if it should look for it See the Troubleshooting section on the next page 3 Follow instructions in the vehicle program like Drag Racing Analyzer to load in the Engine Analyzer power curve weather conditions which gave this power etc This can be done at any time you are in the vehicle program or not at all Note that you will have to tell the program to load the power curve Loading does not happen automatically to prevent perhaps overwriting some engine information you wanted to save or compare to the new power curve Usually you go to the Engine Specs menu in the other program to load the power curve 4 When you click on the Return to Engine Analyzer button in the vehicle program or quit the vehicle program you will be returned to the Engine Analyzer program Now you can make another modificatio
3. Exhaust System Type a Type Use Use Restriction Spec Below Use Restriction Spec Below Below Design jpn enea Exh System CFM Rating E Primary Diameter in is Primary Length in cee down arrow to pick a design of header or manifold p 35 Flow Efficiency cic Collector Lenath in d Header Specs x runner cyl The x runner cyl depends on the current value of Ports specified by Exhaust Port Layout in the Head s menu If x 2 then the Header Specs of Inside Diameter and Total Length describe only 1 of the 2 exhaust header or manifold runners for each cylinder Type This combo lets you describe the source of the specs used in this menu e You can select the Use Specs Below and enter in most any combination of Header Specs e You can pick the Pick an Example to be presented with a list of Example Header Specs much the same as clicking on the Get Example button The program will then display the name of the Example Header specs you have picked 37 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions The Type you choose has a large effect on how the Header section of this menu looks If you choose Use Specs Below all specs will be printed in black and you can change them to most any number you want If you have chosen an example the specs which relate directly to the example will be displayed in blue or hidden if you are in Beginner User mode Should you choos
4. For Small Diameter 5 5 Rotors Volume Revolution cu in rotor length inches x 22 64 For Large Diameter 5 8 Rotors Volume Revolution cu in rotor length inches x 27 45 For example for a 6 71 with 5 8 diameter by 15 long rotors Volume Revolution cu in 15 x 27 45 412 Belt Ratio Is the ratio between the drive pulley mounted on the engine crankshaft and the driven pulley on the Roots supercharger This ratio identifies the amount of difference between engine RPM and supercharger RPM Belt Ratio can be calculated by the equation below or by clicking on the Clc button as shown in Section 2 9 10 Belt Ratio Crank Pulley Diameter inches S C Pulley Diameter inches Many people talk about the overdrive or underdrive of a supercharger The equation to convert Belt Ratio to overdrive is Overdrive Belt Ratio 1 x 100 For example if the Belt Ratio is 1 5 the Overdrive would be 1 5 1 x 100 or 50 Overdrive If the Belt Ratio is 8 the Overdrive would be 8 1 x 100 or 20 Overdrive or 20 Underdrive Safety Note You must follow the supercharger manufacturer s recommendations for maximum belt ratios maximum engine RPM and maximum supercharger RPM 58 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Centrifugal Supercharger Select Centrifugal Supercharger from the Design Type combo box in the upper left corner if the engine is equipped with a belt driven ce
5. Harley Davidson 240 Head s 4 11 15 19 24 29 31 32 37 70 81 87 88 89 92 94 96 98 99 100 101 103 156 191 192 201 210 217 Headers 38 39 40 41 144 158 230 Height 87 95 98 Help 1 2 3 5 6 8 9 14 86 91 160 162 182 205 207 225 231 232 239 Hemi 20 24 History Log 4 121 128 129 142 143 144 165 166 167 169 172 173 174 175 178 179 181 182 185 201 Hole Dia 107 HP 5 7 17 24 41 45 63 66 67 70 71 72 74 75 76 79 81 86 89 90 110 119 123 128 151 159 161 162 163 174 177 181 185 187 197 199 200 201 205 207 209 211 212 213 214 215 216 225 227 228 229 230 240 HPxe HP Pk Int Dur 90 HPxe HP Pk Exh Dur 90 Hydraulic 5 1 46 48 79 85 165 167 168 169 170 173 174 176 177 178 Idle Vacuum 81 86 167 177 178 200 In InertiaPrs 78 195 200 201 203 226 In ResTunPrs 78 88 200 201 203 205 Include Engine Comments 141 Include Engine Specs 141 Include Text 125 Incr 145 individual runner 31 32 39 97 197 228 Inertia 87 88 178 201 202 203 219 220 Install 4 Installation 4 9 39 101 104 105 167 187 191 229 Installing 5 165 184 Int AvgVel 78 Int Vac 73 180 200 225 228 Intake Air Temp 64 65 73 230 Intake Duration 46 76 79 81 83 85 86 90 163 168 174 176 177 195 226 228 229 239 Intake Heat 34 117 226 229 230 Intake
6. Torque HP x 5252 HP Torque x RPM RPM 5252 Exh Pres PSI Is the average exhaust pressure after the exhaust port and exhaust manifold header but before the exhaust system if any measured in PSI In earlier versions this was given in inches of mercury 72 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Int Vac Hg Boost PSI Is the average intake vacuum or supercharger boost after the carburetor or throttle body and supercharger turbocharger if any but before the intake manifold runners measured in Hg during the intake stroke Ifthe engine is supercharged or turbocharged the units are given in PSI boost Vol Eff Is the volumetric efficiency of the engine measured in The volumetric efficiency is the percent of air which actually enters and remains in the cylinder during each intake stroke compared to the amount which could under perfect unsupercharged conditions The amount of air which can enter the cylinder under perfect conditions is the swept volume of the cylinder with air at the actual barometric pressure Barometric Pressure and Elevation effects combined and Intake Air Temp deg F For example if the swept volume is 50 cu in the air density at the specific barometer and intake air temperature is 000044 Ib cu in 0022 Ibs 50 cu in x 000044 Ib cu in is the amount of air which can enter the cylinder under perfect conditions If only 0018 Ibs actually enters the cylinder during
7. Reg To k Calculate Performance Quit JV Intake Port Diameter JV Intake Runner Diameter IV Intake Runner Length I Exhaust Header Diameter F Exhaust Header Length I Cam Advan P Intake Intake Cam Duration Lif m Duration Onl J Intake Cam Centerline Exhaust Cam Duration 0 J Exhaust Cam Duration Exhaust Cam Centerline Original Optimized 1 7 1 1632 1 75 1 3808 3 2 5 Disabled because of current 2 Choose which engine specs you want to Adjust to find the best combo The more you choose the better the final combo but the longer it takes 5 Click here to start the process 6 If the process is taking too long click Cancel and de select some of the engine specs to adjust r To Obtain This 1 Click on Optimize to open this screen Optimize C Max Peak T C Max Pgak HP C Max Avg Tq Max Avg HP Idle Vacuum 382 5000 401 6000 348 311 Optimiz 400 4500 406 6000 358 319 17 7 17 9 While Maintaining Idle Yacuum Maintain at least 15 Mercury Est Time Remaining Cancel 04 minutes Keep Help Setti 3 Choose what you want optimized Averages are calculated for entire RPM range set in Calculation Conditions on Main Screen sli 4 Set what Idle Vacuum is required the more vacuum the more streetable the final combo 7 When finished you can click here to keep the A
8. Small Block Chevy Inl Chevy Y I Engine Family for Files Chevy Other Chi Buick Chevy Ca PC F Chevy Ge Click on this button to start Comp Cai Create Examples in Standard Enon importing All these cams This Crane All Analyzer Format F process may take several minutes Use C 1 Find the CamFiles CAM folder T Oo se Cat containing the Cam Info you want to import Tip Click on 2 Choose the Engine Family for the Cams highlight it th 3 Click on the Create button The button or just Program will import the data and create a new to pick in one Std Engine Analyzer Example containing this A of examples info not individual Cancel When finished you will have a new Category in the Examples Added by User section Now you can open Catagories of Cam Examples for Picking up this Category to see all Catagories of ay J of the Cams and use all the atagories groups o atagornes groups o Performance Trends Examples Example Added by User features as described in Typical Cams dennis Figure A 16 American Motors 6 Cyl 7 Kevi American Motors 8 DyngSim ROVER Buick 6 DynoSim Buick Buick 8 Buick Other Engines Cadillac Load ries trom utner Lompany rrogrAms 250 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Figure A 19 New Features for Supercharger Specs Supercharger Specs Design La rger section Roots Supercharger R Notes for Notes T
9. Vista 239 Viv Area 82 83 84 167 178 195 Vol Eff 73 200 213 216 Volume 13 21 22 58 70 88 92 95 226 Volumexe Volume Revolution 58 226 Volumetric Efficiency 73 76 77 78 83 200 207 209 213 214 219 220 221 Wastegate Limit 55 180 Weather 55 62 63 64 159 217 230 Wedge 20 Weiss Stan 239 Wet Bulb Temp 113 Width 87 97 233 windage 17 Windows 1 2 130 138 140 142 147 148 151 160 231 239 Windows 7 239 Working Code 4 WOT 36 227 Zoom 1 176 Zoomies 38 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes 263
10. cc the primary header pipes Simply estimating the inside diameter by subtracting 1 from the tubing OD is adequate 38 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Primary Length in Is the length of the exhaust runner from the exhaust port in the head not including the exhaust port to the first abrupt enlargement of the runner downstream of the exhaust port The abrupt enlargement can be several different things e The header collector where individual tubes merge together e The end which is open to atmosphere on individual runner exhaust headers Production headers for performance engines generally have runners in the 12 24 inch range Aftermarket headers generally have a length of 20 40 inches Flow Efficiency Is similar to the Runner Flow Efficiency discussed in the Intake System section Runner Flow Efficiency affects flow restriction and exhaust tuning See Section 2 9 6 for how to calculate Runner Flow Efficiency Even if you do not have flow bench data review Section 2 9 6 for an understanding of how the Valve and Runner Flow Efficiencies relate to each other If you do not have flow data use Table 2 7 to estimate the Runner Flow Efficiency for typical exhaust manifolds and headers Table 2 7 Estimate Exhaust Runner Flow Efficienc Flow Efficiency Aftermarket street headers typically more bends to clear frame 65 90 provide for easy installation etc Aftermarke
11. Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Desired Cubic Inches Is the cubic inch displacement you want for this engine combination Bore inches Is the Bore for this engine Bore is the diameter of one cylinder Cylinders Is the number of cylinders in this engine For example for a V 8 this would be 8 2 9 3 Calc Compression Ratio Is the Compression Ratio calculated from the following specs and the current cylinder volume based on the current Bore and Stroke in the Short Block menu Compression Ratio is defined on page 21 under cylinder Head s specs See page 91 for general notes on Calculation Menus and for an example of their use The equation for Compression Ratio depends on the cylinder displacement This displacement is based on the current Bore and Stroke in the Short Block menu and is displayed in the Notes section at the bottom of this menu Make sure these specs match the engine for which you are calculating Compression Ratio before using this menu Performance Trends offers a very detailed Compression Ratio Calculator program on its website www performancetrends com 94 Figure 2 26 Calc Compression Ratio Calc Compression Ratio 1 74 fn Calc Compression Ratio Total Chamber CCs Chamber Specs Chamber CCs in Head Piston Dome CCs Gasket Thickness in Gasket Bore Dia in Deck Height Clearance in l Notes This calculation is based on th
12. Is the Exhaust Muffler System CFM Rating use Note Note The CFM Rating calculated in this This menu estimates an exhaust system CFM menu is a very approximate estimate That is rating based on the HP level of the engine for which the system was designed because both inputs are vague and open to interpretation For that reason please read Exhaust Muffler System CFM Rating starting on page 40 for alternate methods to estimate Use Calc Value this value Engine HP The rated horsepower output of the engine for which the exhaust system was originally designed This defines the approximate amount of exhaust flow the system was designed to handle Type of Vehicle Describes the application for which the exhaust system was originally designed This defines the approximate amount of backpressure the exhaust system was designed to produce e Full Race is an exhaust system with extremely low back pressure designed for classes of racing where rules require mufflers e Aftermarket is an exhaust system with very low back pressure but still quiet enough for the street as long as you do not go full throttle e Prod Sporty is a production exhaust system for performance and sports cars which must pass full power noise standards e Prod Quiet is a production exhaust system for a family sedan or luxury sedan where a throaty engine roar is undesirable 110 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Defin
13. Reduce Coolant Temp to allow less heat to be transferred to the intake charge Specify a smaller turbo or higher belt ratio if boost limited and supercharged Adjust Runner Flow Effcies to alter strength of tuning To increase Actual CFM at high RPM with little effect at lower RPM e Reduce any intake or exhaust flow restrictions or increase flow ratings for example Carb CFM Rating Runner Flow Effcy Exh System CFM Rating etc e Adjust Runner Flow Effcies to alter strength of tuning e Decrease Exhaust Header Diameter bring Ex AvgVel up to 300 ft sec to exhaust increase exhaust inertia tuning e Increase Roots Supercharger Volume Revolution Belt Ratio Turbo or Centrifugal CFM at Pk Effcy and other Supercharger specs if the engine is supercharged To increase Actual CFM at low RPM and reduce Actual CFM at high RPM Increase Total Cam Advance or Lash Valve Decrease most any of the cam specs especially Intake Duration Decrease intake or exhaust Valve Flow Effcy for Valve Diameter Specify longer length and smaller diameter intake and exhaust runners Adjust Runner Flow Effcies to alter strength of tuning To increase Actual CFM in the mid range e Specify Secondary Throttles as No e Increase intake Runner Flow Effcy to produce more flow where In InertiaPrs is already high e Adjust Runner Flow Effcies to alter strength of tuning Fuel Flow Fuel flow will generally follow air flow Actual CFM if the A F is constant If the dynamom
14. S LIABILITY HEREUNDER SHALL NOT EXCEED ANY AMOUNTS PAID BY USER TO PERFORMANCE TRENDS INC UNDER THIS AGREEMENT Some states do not allow the limitation or exclusion of liability for incidental or consequential damages and some states do not allow the exclusion of implied warranties so the above limitations or exclusions may not apply to you No action regardless of form arising out of any claimed breach of this agreement or performance under this agreement may be brought by either party more than one year after the affected party learns of the cause of action Refer to diskette envelope for full license agreement FESS SIC IRI WT A R N TN G ERRES oook k The Engine Analyzer makes calculations based on equations and data found in various published and heretofore reliable documents The program is designed for use by skilled professionals experienced with engines and Engines The following processes are hazardous particularly if done by an unskilled or inexperienced user Obtaining data to input to the program Interpreting the program s results Before making measurements of or modifications to any vehicle engine or driving situation DO NOT FAIL TO Regard the safety consequences Consult with a skilled and cautious professional Read the entire user s manual Obey all federal state amp local laws Respect the rights and safety of others Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 1 Overview of Features 1 1
15. and you can change them to most any number you want If you have chosen an example the specs which relate directly to the example will be displayed in blue In Beginner User mode disabled specs or specs printed in blue are hidden Should you choose to change any of these blue specs a notice is given that changing any spec related to the example will change the Type from the example name to the general name of Use Specs Below The example name is a handy reminder of what the specs in this menu represent so you may not want to change any of these blue spec settings Manifold Type This combo box lets you pick the type of intake manifold design and the type of fuel delivery system This will determine what percent of the carburetor or throttle body is available to each individual cylinder and the type and strength of the intake tuning effects Table 2 4 Descriptions of Manifold Types Manifold Type Dual Plane This manifold type is where half of the engine s cylinders see only half carb s of the carburetor and are isolated from the other half of the cylinders This type of manifold gives a stronger fuel metering signal at low speed because each induction pulse goes to a carburetor only half as big as the entire carburetor Most production carburetor systems are of this type for engines larger than 4 cylinders Dual plane intakes on engines with 6 10 cylinders also exhibit some secondary or low speed tuning effects See Appendix 3 and
16. means a flow coefficient of 1 0 At idle conditions on a street engine this is when intake vacuum can pull residual exhaust into the intake manifold The higher the Overlap Area the higher the idle speed and the lower the idle vacuum Note A larger cylinder can tolerate more Overlap Area A 500 CID V 8 may idle at 1000 RPM with a given overlap area but a 250 CID V 8 with the same overlap area could idle at 2200 80 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions _ L L_LL_ _ L L LrL oESSS SS For race engines overlap is generally needed for two reasons First it provides lower cam acceleration rates to attain the high lifts required for high RPM HP Second overlap can also improve performance by allowing for efficient purging of residual exhaust out of the clearance volume during overlap with proper intake and exhaust tuning However at untuned RPMs overlap can increase the potential for intake reversion reverse air flow up the intake runner from the cylinder and poor scavenging High overlap area can also lead to poor fuel economy through short circuiting where intake charge passes through the combustion chamber out the exhaust system without being used Since turbocharged engines operate with high pressure and high temperature exhaust Overlap Area is best kept to a minimum for turbocharged engines This is both to reduce reversion when high pressure exhaust flows back
17. 0 Performance Trends HYDRPLN V6 a ail Print View SendToVehProgram File Analyze sena Motes Notes Summary Piston speed EXTREMELY Pk Ta A Emnts Click on Notes for details New 236 Last Brake Tq Exh Pres Int Yacuum Vol Eff Actual CFM Fuel lia Starting Point Suggestions PRP TTT RPH Intake Port Runner Dimensions for 1 runner cylinder Rec Inertia Len in 9 9 Spec Inertia Len in 18 0 Rec Area sq in in 2 21 1 68 Rec Area sq in in 4 00 2 26 Rec Len 2nd Pulse 16 8 Rec Area sq in in 3 73 2 18 Rec Len 3rd Pulse 12 1 Rec Area sq in in 2 69 1 85 Exhaust Port Runner Dimensions for 1 runner cylinder Rec Len 1st Pulse 32 3 Rec Area 366 ft sec 1 86 1 54 Rec Len 2st Pulse 15 5 Primary Tube 0 D 1 756 Approx Cam for HP Peak based on current engine specs Int Duration 656 268 Intake Tappet Lift 413 Exh Duration 656 233 Exhaust Tappet Lift 333 Starting Point suggestions above may NOT give best performance and MUST be refined through cut and try running the program Runner Dimensions are for Port PLUS Intake Manifold Runner or Exhaust Header Primary Pipe 198 S Area Dia Piston Spd and Piston Gs indicators of internal stresses on the pistons rods etc increase rapidly with increasing RPM Overlap VE indicates effectivness of resonance tuning Three intake tuning factors show strength of intake inertia and resonance tuning Two exhaust tuning factors show
18. 181 182 185 204 209 217 239 Experienced 13 162 165 ExTun Prs 79 204 F5 Key 231 File Engine 1 2 4 5 6 11 125 126 138 139 140 144 151 159 160 192 225 231 232 Flat Head 20 Flow Bench 5 14 22 23 24 25 33 39 98 99 100 101 103 106 108 109 110 191 193 195 207 228 Flow Bench Flow 109 Flow Effcy 2 20 22 23 24 25 26 32 33 34 39 78 81 98 99 101 102 103 104 105 191 192 193 195 222 225 226 228 231 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Flow Efficiency 2 20 22 23 24 25 26 32 33 34 39 78 81 98 99 101 102 103 104 105 192 231 Flow Obtained 101 Flow w o Runner 104 105 Flow with 104 For Peak HPxe HP at This RPM 70 86 197 200 For This Intake Runnerxe Runner Len 70 197 Friction HP 76 185 215 225 227 229 Fuel Flow 74 181 182 188 212 213 225 226 227 Fuel Injected 36 Fuel Injection 158 Fuel Octane R M 2 68 Fuel Type 67 Gasket Bore Dia 95 Gasket Bore Diameter 95 Gasket Thickness 92 95 GMC 56 58 Graphxe Graphs Title 144 Graphxe Graphs 144 Graphics File 239 240 Graphs 4 1 7 8 125 127 128 130 131 132 133 134 135 144 162 163 164 170 173 174 175 176 177 178 181 182 183 185 186 187 188 193 194 195 231 232 240 Grid Style 134 Gross Exhaust Valve Lift 49 Gross Intake Valve Lift 49 Gross Valve Lift 168 240
19. 2 Before You Start 2 1 3 A Word of Caution 3 1 4 Getting Started Installation 4 1 5 Example to Get You Going 5 Chapter 2 Definitions 11 2 0 Basic Program Operation 11 2 1 Preferences 13 2 2 Short Block 15 2 3 Cylinder Head s 19 2 4 Intake System 29 2 5 Exhaust System 37 2 6 Cam Valve Train 43 2 7 Supercharger 51 2 8 Calculated Performance 63 2 8 1 Running Conditions 63 2 8 2 Calculate Performance Test Results 71 2 9 Calculation Menus 91 2 10 Examples 115 Chapter 3 Output 121 3 0 Overview 121 3 1 Analysis Report 123 3 2 ASCII Files 125 3 3 Graphs 127 3 4 Engine Library 137 3 5 Printer Output 141 3 6 History Log 143 3 6 Send to Vehicle Program 147 Chapter 4 Examples Example 4 1 Example 4 2 Example 4 3 Example 4 4 Example 4 5 Don t Know My Engine s Specs Installing Hydraulic and Solid Lifter Camshafts Supercharging Turbocharging and Nitrous Oxide Using Flow Bench Data Optimizing Tuning Appendix 1 Accuracy and Assumptions Appendix 2 Summary of 4 Cycle Internal Combustion Engine Theory Appendix 3 Intake and Exhaust Tuning Appendix 4 Fine Tuning Torque and HP Curves Appendix 5 New Features for Version 3 2 Appendix 6 New Features for Version 3 4 Index 149 151 165 179 191 197 207 211 219 225 231 239 257 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 Overview of Featu
20. 219 at 4500 mance Incr 302 4v Sun Oct 11 98 2 44 pm 268 at 3000 219 at 4500 for all 302 4v Sun Oct 11 98 2 43 pm 268 at 3000 219 at 4500 t 302 4v Sun Oct 11 98 2 35 pm 271350 2 25a500 conditions o a anao sas except for Pk Click on Test Title 1st column to change it or to retrieve specs which produced those results Click in other columns for definitions HP Next enter the Exhaust numbers of 226 for Duration 110 for Centerline and 34 for Lobe Lift When finished the menu should like Figure 4 25 Click on OK to return to the Main Screen then calculate performance As done before click on View then Show History Log Now then click on the first Test Title and enter a descriptive title like Hydraulic Cam See Figure 4 26 The results for the Hydraulic cam show Lifter Pump up in the notes section at the top See Figure 4 26 NP UP WIth m Click on ae ae v2 5 Performance Trends 302 4 Graph SendToVehProgram File Analyze Help F1 butt f com ote Summary Lifter Pump Up Piston speed PkTq Avg PkHP Avg utton Tor somewhat high Spark Knock Click on Notes for New 257 221 221 155 j Cmnts details Last 268 236 219 161 F igure 4 28 Click and drag slide bar button down to see all the RPM Spark Adv Valve Flow amp Cam Calculations f Data results Moderate Lifter Pump up shown at 6000 RPM 169 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 28 Grap
21. 35 also shows that if you Click and Drag the mouse on the graph you will draw a box When you release the mouse button the area enclosed in the box will now fill the entire graph screen This is a handy zoom in method as shown in Figure 4 36 Figure 4 36 shows the Overlap Area of the 3 cams Overlap is very important for engine performance Too much overlap at low RPM or with stock engines produces performance problems However highly tuned engines good intake manifolds carbs and exhaust headers thrive on overlap at high RPM These aftermarket cams especially the Hydraulic Cam probably have too much overlap area for this fairly stock engine Figure 4 37 shows a zoomed in graph on the Intake Closing ramp of the 3 cams Using the cursor function you can see the Hydraulic Cam and Stock Cam close at about 612 degrees or 72 degrees after Bottom Dead Center after BDC on the graph The Solid Roller Cam closes at 596 degrees or 56 degrees after BDC 176 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 37 Zoomed In Graph on Intake Closing Cursor showed Analyzer v3 0 302 4 Solid Roller Back File Format View Help HISTORY last CAM tq hp B seline closes the Intake HETAT HAA Vae at 205 Eng Analyser v3 0 Valve Lift vs Dag hyaraulie cam degrees about Exh Valve Lit 16 degrees t solid roller cam earlier than the t int Valve Lift other 2 cams Exh Valve Lift That cursor stock ca
22. 4 Cyl ThrtBody as the example component from the top of the list When you are returned to the Intake System menu Figure 4 12 Picking a Component all specs have now been hidden except the Manifold After Clicking on Get Example Type and Throttle Body Type Click on the OK ie ee button to close the Intake System menu and return w Choose Example Component to the Main Screen You could have also clicked on the Get Example button to pick the Throttle Body Category but then you would have gotten the screen of Figure 4 12 If you clicked on Carbs Throttle Bodies the process would then be the same as described above Its just that if you click on the Type combo box to Pick an Tip Click on a catagory to highlight it then click Example the program already knows what on the Use Catagory button or just Double Click component manifold or throttle body you want to E the catagory to pick in one step pick and you save a step Exhaust System Click on Exhaust System to open the Exhaust System menu Like the Intake System the Exhaust System is divided into 2 parts the manifold header on the left side and the exhaust system mufflers on the right side Unlike the Intake Manifold you must pick a Typical Example by clicking on the Type button then pick the Example Category of Typical Exh Manifolds You have looked at your exhaust manifold and you see it is made up of several short tubes similar to a header so you pick the Example of T
23. 5 Differences in Dynamometer Testing Methods Variations in dynamometer testing procedures can produce significant differences in measured torque and HP Some dynamometer tests try to simulate actual vehicle installations but most go for maximum possible HP The table below shows differences between typical vehicle installation and dynamometer installation for various Engine Analyzer specifications 229 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes a L L_ _ _L_x_E ES SSS SS The Running Conditions for engine files reflecting vehicle installations use the SAE Society of Automobile Engineers standard weather conditions for rating engine power per SAE Procedure J 1349 However dynamometer tests going for maximum possible HP for racing engines use a different set of standard conditions which result in approximately 4 more power These Other Std Conditions are also typical of the dynamometer conditions used in the 60s by the automobile manufacturers which tended to overrate an engine s power Then we have Chassis Dynamometers where the power is measured at the tires These dynos will measure 10 30 less than a pure engine dyno because of losses through the drivetrain and the tires as they slip on the rollers Even though the tires are not smoking they are slipping from 3 10 This slippage and any torque converter slippage at least at higher RPM where the converter has coupled are direct
24. Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions T This spec has a Cle button which means you can calculate it from either Throttle bore sizes throttle bores restrictor plate specs Flow bench data See Section 2 9 7 on these options Secondary Throttles This Yes or No combo box identifies if the carburetor has additional air flow capability at high air flow demands Select Yes or No as follows No If there are no secondary throttles pick No No If there are secondary throttle plates check to see if they are mechanical secondaries With the engine not running see if all throttle plates are completely open with the throttle linkage in the WOT Wide Open Throttle position If so pick No Yes If there are throttle openings which are not completely open but which open on demand when engine air flow requirements increase pick Yes This spec can affect power due to increased carburetor restriction until the secondaries open but improve power at lower RPM due to improved A F Mixture Quality This spec is disabled if you have specified a Fuel Injected Manifold Type 36 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 2 5 Exhaust System Specs The Exhaust System specs affect exhaust system tuning and flow losses due to restrictions in the exhaust manifold or header and exhaust muffler system Figure 2 11 Exhaust System Menu Exhaust Specs Header Specs 1 runner cy
25. Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Fig 2 9 Illustration of Restriction Level vs Runner Flow Efficiency High Level of Restriction Or Power Loss Table 2 5 Estimates of Runner Flow Low Efficiency 0 60 70 80 90 100 Flow Efficiency Production carbureted manifolds 60 to 75 Aftermarket single plane X type or tunnel ram manifolds 85 to 100 Race single plane sheet metal custom design 100 Runner Flow Efficiency is different from Valve Flow Efficiency in that Runner Flow Efficiency has a very non linear relationship to restriction This means that the difference in restriction between flow efficiencies of 60 to 70 is much greater than the difference between 90 to 100 Figure 2 9 shows that most change in restriction level occurs between Runner Flow Efficiencies of 60 to 80 and that a Flow Efficiency less than 60 is very unusual Runner Flow Efficiency not only affects flow restriction but has a strong influence on intake tuning See Appendix 3 and Example 4 6 See Section 2 9 6 for how to calculate Runner Flow Efficiency from flow bench data by clicking on the Clc button Even if you do not have flow bench data review Section 2 9 6 for an understanding of how the flow capacity of the head s ports relate to the intake manifold s Runner Flow Efficiency You can also click on the Clc button to pick typical examples of Flow Efficiency from a list 33 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer
26. Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Either way you will be presented with a list of Short Block Categories as shown in Figure 4 5 You may also be shown one of the several Tips messages in the Engine Analyzer giving you info helpful if you are not familiar with the program as shown in Figure 4 4 Simply click on OK to clear the message Figure 4 5 Picking a Short Block Catego gt Catagories of Short Block Examples for Picking Catagories groups of Click on Typical Short Performance Trends Examples Blocks to highlight the Akui Short Blocks category then click evrolet Chrysler on the Use Category aa Domestic button below Import You can also pick in one step by double clicking on Typical Short Blocks Tip Click on a catagory in either section to highlight it then click on the Use Catagory button or just Double Click on the catagory to pick in one step Catagories are groups of examples like a group of Chevy heads not individual examples Examples Click on your choice to Sty ke Cyl RodLen Acces Cease Psn Brg highlight it Then click on Pick to pick that Short Block Click on Print to print the entire list of these examples SEO WO NNN NNN Nh NS in in onion ono fk eA A A A A A in Note If your short block is not listed here click onthe Tip Click on Example to highlight Back button and select a Typical block from the it then click on Pick or Delete Performance Trends Examp
27. Belt Ratio is defined on page 58 and page 61 under Roots Supercharger and Centrifugal Supercharger specs See page 91 for general notes on Calculation Menus and for an example of their use S C Pulley Diameter in The diameter of the supercharger pulley measured in inches This can also be the number of cogs on this pulley if you are using a cogged belt Then you must also use cogs for Crank Pulley Diameter not inches 111 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Figure 2 42 Calc Belt Ratio Crank Pulley Diameter in Cale Belt Ratio The diameter of the crankshaft pulley which Calc Belt Ratio drives the supercharger measured in inches This can also be the number of cogs on this pulley if you are using a cogged belt Then you must also use cogs for S C Pulley Diameter not inches Pulley Sizes S C Pulley Diameter in 2 Crank Pulley Diameter in 3 Tip You can also enter the of teeth on each pulley instead of diameters for cogged belts 2 9 11 Notes on Barometric Pressure amp Elevation This menu simply displays the relationship between barometric pressure and elevation specifications as explained in Section 2 8 1 page 63 and 64 Refer to those pages for further details Click on OK or press the lt space bar gt to return to the Running Conditions menu with no change to either Barometric Pressure or Elevation 2 9 12 Calc Dew Point deg F Is the Dew Poin
28. Chapter 2 Definitions Figure 2 10 Illustration of Runner Diameter Runner Flow Efficiency and Qualitative Comments Large DIAMETER Large COEF 3 0 Low Restriction Good High Speed Tuning Large DIAMETER Small COEF 8 High Restriction Poor Tuning Small DIAMETER Large COEF 3 0 High Restriction Good Low Speed Tuning Intake Heat This combo box lets you pick the method of heating the intake manifold for improved fuel atomization fuel distribution and cold weather operation Use the Table 2 9 to estimate Intake Heat Table 2 6 Descriptions of Intake Heat Ratings coolant manifolds with blocked exhaust crossover Manifolds with no source of engine heat fuel injection or carbs with No Heat individual stacks manifolds which have no coolant passages exhaust crossover and are insulated or isolated from the lifter valley 34 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Carburetor s Throttle Body s The title of this section of the Intake System Specs menu is determined by the choice of Manifold Type Type This combo lets you describe the source of the specs used in this menu e You can select the Use Specs Below and enter in most any combination of Carburetor or Throttle Body Specs e You can pick the Pick an Example to be presented with a list of Example Carburetor or Throttle Body Specs much the same as clicking on the Get Example button It will then display the name of th
29. EFI Stock J VVT Tok ie Fonte Omman D I Ice toe i E es E e Ee e Cam De ao int Vane Ut Fn n At 5000 RPM and higher bigger VVT cam makes more power 245 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Figure A 14 New Features in Cam Valve Train Screen Larger Notes box Cheater profiles are gone replaced by Int E and Exh Dwell Over Nose shown below to allow for more comments same in other screens New Spec specified profile SEER a RES option displays Ramp Rating input General Cam Specs a below for you to fine tune the Base production cam ramp Plus Version only z Lifter profile Type Spec Solid Flat Type Use Specs in this Menu Valve Train Pushrod w Rockr im race v Lift for Rating Events 050inches YT C No See Specs New VVT specs as Ramp Rating is displayed shown in Figure A 13 if you choose Spec user specified profile a ae type in upper right corner New Clc option Click on the Clc button for Max Lobe Lift to calculate from 2 duration specifications Figure A 15 Lash at Valve in Rocker Arm Ratio Ramp Rating Ramp Rating 3 Std Version lets you pron iver Note 6 Deg Cheater well Over Nos pick std no dwell or Calculated Cam Specs Help a ae lots Click on the down d Of Gwe Plus Lobe Separation use your own specd Version lets you fine Intake Exhautt ample set of speq tune this in 2 deg
30. Examples 190 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Example 4 4 Using Flow Bench Data Features Introduced and suggested background reading e Calculating Valve Flow Effcy in the Head s menu Section 2 9 5 e Calculating Runner Flow Effcy in the Intake System menu Section 2 9 6 e Appendix 3 Intake and Exhaust Tuning Check Appendix 5 and 6 for MANY new features added in std and Plus versions 3 2 and 3 4 for describing the head s flow potential including using a full flow curve The Engine Analyzer allows you to enter flow bench data for your cylinder heads and intake manifold separately From this information you can determine the flow restriction of the head and flow restriction and tuning capabilities of the manifold runner or header To use the Engine Analyzer s full capabilities it is necessary to flow the head first with an optimum entrance or exit adapter and then with the manifold or header For this example you will use the intake side of the 302 4V s head modified with a 1 94 intake valve diameter You will also use an aftermarket manifold with rectangular runners 2 high by 1 2 wide The flow numbers used in the example are arbitrary Your flow tests will likely show similar but not equivalent trends Flow Test This flow test will be performed at 28 water test pressure but it could be any test pressure over 7 water The Engine Analyzer needs data at an L D valve lift to diameter r
31. Exhaust Tuning Intake Inertia Tuning The intake process of a 4 cycle engine is a cyclic process During the intake stroke the piston accelerates a column of fresh air from rest to speeds of up to 1000 ft sec and then back to rest in only a few thousandths of a second Decelerating the inertia of this column of air at intake valve closing results in high pressures at the intake valve This high pressure forces additional fresh charge into the cylinder like a supercharger resulting in higher volumetric efficiency and torque This condition is called inertia tuning See Figure A 3 Figure A 3 Typical Intake Runner Pressure Pulsations Intake Intake Intake Intake Valve Valve Valve Valve Opens Closes Opens Closes Inertia Tuning Resonance Tuning At Valve Closing At Valve Opening 2 I Piston suction accelerating air column creates high vacuum pulse 219 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes A good analogy of inertia tuning is the water hammer effect in old plumbing when you quickly close a running faucet New plumbing has trapped air shock absorbers to reduce this effect Decelerating the column of water in the pipes by closing the valve causes a sharp pressure rise that literally rattle the pipes This is the same situation as when the intake valve closes Inertia tuning is responsible for an increase in volumetric efficiency and torque over a broad RPM range See Figure A 4 Inertia tuning is optimum wh
32. Features of Output Screen Showing Test Results a Bac Menu bar with output options Back to Main Menu Make Graphs Print Results Display Help View Special Calculations or the History Log Analyze results program gives advice based on current results File to write an ASCII file Command buttons Make Graphs Print Results Display Edit Engine Display Notes safety issues possible problems etc about current test results Summary of Notes safety issues possible problems etc Graph Print Name of current Engine File Engine Analyzer v3 0 Performance Trends 302 4 View SfndTo ehProgram File Analyze Help F Performance Summary RPM Data Click on any cell in the grid for a Help definition X a v RPH Brake HP Fuel Flow BSFC BSAC Mach Piston Gs Int Avg el Brake Tq Exh Pres Vol Eff Actual CFM A F Mix Qal Friction HP Piston Spd Overlap ZYE 233 44 4 1 2 62 4 69 0 23 6 100 0 65 5 69 Valu Flow amp Cam Calculations Overlap Area sq in deg 8 Total Exh Int Lobe Separation deg NotegSummary Piston speed somewhat high Pk Tq Avg S C APM high Click on Notes for details New 455 7351 Last 455 351 284 81 2 3 6 74 6 124 42 3 100 0 521 6 984 13 192 870 147 3 104 Int Total Avg Flow Coef 239 Lobe Area inch deg 19 51 Ulu Area deg sq in 156 7 Lobe Centerlins deg 116 6 86 1 115 8 PkHP Ava 339 210 339 210
33. However many do not fully understand the theory of how these processes make HP or how you change these processes to make more HP Let s look more closely at the Combustion and Expansion part of the cycle the portion of the Figure A 1 Black Box Engine cycle which actually makes power Four cycle IC internal combustion engines produce power Fuel In from the chemical energy stored in the fuel they burn This stored energy is released when the fuel burns in the cylinder with oxygen in the air The heat which is released heats the air which is trapped in the cylinder raising its pressure which pushes on the piston and turns the crankshaft This whole process can be thought of as the explosion which occurs when the spark plug fires Let s examine the chemical energy in the fuel which is released in the engine If you look at the engine as just a black box Figure A 1 you do not know what goes on inside except that fuel goes in and horsepower comes out You can calculate the amount of horsepower the fuel contains if you know the flow rate of the fuel and the chemical energy of the fuel 211 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Example of Black Box Engine Fuel Flow Rate 40 lbs hr Chemical Energy in Fuel 19 000 BTU Ib Conversion factor 1 HP 2544 BTU hr HP into Black Box 1 40 Ibs hr x 19 000 BTU Ib 299 HP 2544 BTU hr If you knew the efficiency of this black box engine at
34. If you are sure of the Engine you want to open you can simply double click on it from the Engine List This opens the Engine without a preview and closes this menu Figure 3 16 Standard Windows File Manager Screen Available by Click on Advanced Button for Either Opening or Saving Engine Files Open a File File Name Directories d bwintea30 engdat 100hp bc_hy Sd 300turbo c gt vbwin 302 4 302 4vf ea30 302 efi E gt engdat 302 efif 302 efix 330 ta m od List Files of Type Drives mreta 3 Bes M 138 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output TE Save an Engine File Before we discuss saving an engine file it is important for you to understand how the program opens and uses Engine files When you open an Engine from the Engine Library you are only using a copy of the Engine The original Engine file is kept in the library As you make changes to the Engine they are only made to this copy The original file is not changed If you want to delete your changes you can simply open a fresh unchanged copy of the original Engine file from the Library If you want to keep your changes you must save them This can be done by clicking on the Save button You are also asked if you want to save your changes whenever you open anew Engine and the program has detected you have made changes to the current file Figure 3 17 Saving Engine File Options Click on File engine menu item
35. Manifold 22 70 78 86 91 92 157 158 209 Intake System 4 29 35 39 40 87 96 102 105 157 158 191 192 193 194 201 217 228 Intercooler Eff 55 61 179 185 Island CFM 53 54 Jet 66 109 259 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Knock Index 68 Know 5 92 96 112 113 151 Lash 44 48 49 79 167 171 210 226 Layout 21 26 29 31 37 87 89 100 Legend 130 132 144 173 240 Length 13 22 87 92 Library 6 54 59 137 138 139 140 165 179 197 232 Liftxe Valve Lift for Rating Events 45 47 168 Lifter 5 34 46 47 48 79 83 90 111 125 165 167 168 169 170 171 173 178 210 229 Lifter profile Type 46 48 168 171 Lifterxe Lifter Pump Up 46 79 125 170 210 Line Style 134 Lobe Centerlns 84 Lobe Area 83 Lobe Separation 49 83 167 168 171 240 log 1 144 Log 38 128 142 165 182 Log Manifold 38 Look For It 148 Mach 2 76 89 195 200 225 228 Manifold Type 30 35 36 78 116 158 Max Lobe Lift 46 47 49 111 168 171 Max Safe Pulley RPM 61 185 187 Mech Eff 216 Motoring HP 76 Mufflers 42 110 158 181 185 Nitrous 5 66 74 75 159 179 187 188 189 217 Number of RPM Steps 69 Octane 68 74 75 159 179 182 183 185 189 210 229 232 Open File 1 2 5 14 24 36 40 41 47 137 138 151 165 181 185 192 197 230 Opening 47 Optimize 232 233 24
36. Opening Closing Events T Dur at 040 Dur at 050 Lash at Tappet is Lash at Valve divided by Rocker Arm Ratio Lash at Tappet is beyond the scope of this shown only to illustrate lash in general Lash at Tappet is not used in program or User s Manual engine builders because it is difficult to measure Important The Cam Valve Train menu update all specs as you change other specs For example if you change a centerline the Total Cam Advance number changes to reflect the new centerline General Cam Specs Type This combo lets you describe the source of the specs used in this menu e You can select the Use Specs in this Menu and enter in most any combination of Cam or Valve Train specs e You can pick the Pick an Example to be presented with a list of Example Cam Specs much the same as clicking on the Get Example button It will then display the name of the Example Cam specs you have picked 44 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions The Type you choose has a large effect on how this menu looks If you choose Use Specs Below all specs will be printed in black and you can change them to most any number you want If you have chosen an example the specs which relate directly to the example will be displayed in blue or hidden if you are in Beginner User mode Should you choose to change any of these blue specs a notice is given that changing any spec related to the example will chang
37. RPM Fuel lines and fuel pump capacity may not be large enough If this was a fuel injected engine the injectors may not be capable of handling the extra fuel flow Click on Analysis to obtain an Analysis Report which discusses fuel injector sizing and other important issues Figure 4 39 Graph of Stock 302 4V vs Small Turbocharger TET Analyzer v3 0 302 4 Format View Help history LAST cam TQ HP Baseline kW ee E eI Lelelel bedelZhehFavienfse sca Engine Analyzer v3 0 Tq amp HP vs RPM current orque i j i i Horsepower 1 lastresults Torque Horsepower Note large gain in low RPM torque and that perfor mance with the small turbo increased at all RPMs 5 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 RPM You may have heard that turbocharging thrives on low back pressure so try completely removing the exhaust system to see the effect on performance Although this is not possible for a street driven vehicle it will give an idea of the best possible gain from installing a lower restriction exhaust system Calculate performance again with a turbocharger and with Exhaust System Type set to Open Exhaust no mufflers Then recalculate performance to see this effect The History Log shows that removing the exhaust system helped but only 10 HP improving Pk HP from 253 to 263 Since a real exhaust system would only show less of a gain than no exhaust system it may not be a good investment at this t
38. Run As Administrator This should make the program more Vista and Windows 7 compatible e You can now save a graphics picture file with engine data which could be a picture of your car or engine This picture appears on the main screen and can be printed out with graphs and reports or just separately from the main screen Fig A 9 A 23 e We ve added a global switch to turn Off or On the Intro Help Tips in Preferences Fig A 24 Short Block e We ve added hundreds of combinations of bore stroke and rod length examples e We ve increased the size of the Comments box for all components to allow you to better describe your changes This is common to all Component Screens Fig A 24 e We ve added the ability to import flow files from Port Flow Analyzer Plus version only e You can now import head files from some Desktop Dyno tm and Dyno Sim tm programs and those available from Stan Weiss flw and dfw files Fig A 14 A 19 Intake Exhaust e A picture explaining the definition of primary pipe length and collector length is available in the Exhaust System Specs screen e The program now shows pictures of intake manifold and exhaust manifold header types to more clearly explain the choices Cam Valve Train e We ve added a new screen to let you do Variable Cam Timing VVT Plus Version Only Fig A 13 e Dwell over Nose Cheater profile can now be more exactly defined to the nearest 2 degree increment Also now this
39. See Appendix 3 2 9 7 Calc CFM Flow Rating Is the CFM Flow Rating calculated from Figure 2 36 Calc CFM Flow Rating Options Ss cae Gere ne cig defined on page 35 under Intake System specs See page 91 for general notes on Do you have flow bench data for estimating Calculation Menus and for an example of CFM rating their use Q Select No to estimate a CFM rating based on throttle sizes You will first be presented with the screen of Figure 2 36 If you answer Yes you will be presented with the specs outlined in 2 9 7 2 If you answer No the following 105 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions specs will be presented Section 2 9 7 1 Note The most accurate way to determine the CFM Flow Rating is to flow the component on a flow bench The second best way is to use the manufacturer s CFM rating at 1 5 Hg or rating at 3 Hg and convert it to 1 5 by multiplying by 71 Only if these other methods are not available should you use the Calculation Menu based on diameter measurements 2 9 7 1 Calc CFM Flow Rating Total Pri Throttle Plates The total of primary barrels For a single 4 V carburetor this would be 2 for three 2 barrel carbs this would be 2 ue Figure 2 37 Calc CFM Flow Rating Primary Throttle Dia in from Dimensions Calc CFM Flow Rating The diameter of the throttle opening or throttle butterfly plate for the Throttle Plates not venturi Calc CFM Flow Rating
40. Some rather expensive programs are based on an equation no more complex than this However lets look at a simplified version of the equation which calculates the temperature rise of intake air as it passes through the intake port 207 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes LESS aaa a ar eT End Temp Intake Temp K End Temp Intake Temp In this case the End Temp answer you get on the left side has an effect on the inputs to the equation on the right The only way to solve equations like this is through iterations Iteration is a process where you assume an answer use that answer in the right side of the equation calculate the actual answer and see if the actual answer is close enough to the answer you assumed For example Iteration Process For this example use above equation with K 3 Intake Temp 80 Assume End Temp is 145 degrees Calculate End Temp 80 3 145 80 147 5 Are assumed End Temp and Calculated End Temp Close Enough within 1 degree No so do again using new End Temp answer Calculate End Temp 80 3 147 5 80 148 25 Are assumed End Temp and Calculated End Temp Close Enough within 1 degree Yes so an approximate answer is End Temp 148 25 degrees If close enough was 3 degrees our first answer of 147 5 degrees would have been good enough If close enough was 1 degree it may require many more calculations to arrive at an answer which is close
41. Total Avg Flow Coef 81 82 208 Total Cam Advance 44 45 168 171 226 Total CFM Rating 31 35 40 Total Exh Int 82 167 177 178 195 200 Total Length 37 Tuning 5 3 22 29 30 31 32 33 37 39 66 69 70 76 77 78 79 81 86 87 88 89 105 162 176 191 195 197 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 209 210 219 220 221 222 223 225 226 228 Turbine Nozzle 53 54 Turbocharging 5 51 52 53 54 55 59 61 73 81 179 180 181 182 184 189 240 Type 15 16 19 20 29 30 34 35 37 38 40 44 45 51 52 53 56 57 59 60 110 116 153 156 157 158 159 162 167 171 179 181 182 184 185 192 240 Type of Vehicle 110 Typical 12 17 20 30 44 52 53 60 91 116 117 124 153 154 156 157 158 159 162 163 164 180 219 230 240 Typical Examples 12 17 20 30 44 52 53 60 91 116 117 124 153 154 156 157 158 159 162 163 164 180 219 230 240 Typical Octane 240 Valve Dia 22 26 101 103 192 226 228 Valve Diameter 22 26 101 103 192 226 228 262 Valve Lift 23 45 46 47 48 49 71 72 81 83 90 101 103 104 111 128 135 163 164 167 168 169 170 171 174 175 176 177 191 192 195 228 229 231 232 239 240 Valve Lift Tested 101 103 Valve Toss 46 79 125 173 178 210 229 Valve Train 44 46 48 79 159 168 171 173 177 178 217 229 vapor pressure 68 75 210 229 Variable Cam Timing VVT 239
42. a dynamometer test it can be measured on a flow bench Accurate flow bench data will give accurate flow coefficients which are key for accurate Mach s Without significant tuning effects severely restrictive runners carb or exhaust system the Mach primarily dictates torque and HP peaks The torque peak will occur at a Mach of approximately 4 and the HP peak at a Mach of about 55 For example Example of Adjusting Torque Peak Using Mach The dynamometer data show or you require a torque peak at 5500 RPM The Engine Analyzer calculates a Mach of 48 at 5500 RPM You should try to lower the Mach to 4 at 5500 by providing More intake cam duration or lift Larger intake valve area increase Valve Diameter or Valves Cylinder Improved intake air flow increase Intake Valve or Intake Runner Flow Effcy Decrease Bore or Stroke for the same size head 228 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Brk Tq and Brake HP If you match up the secondary information as shown previously ideally the torque and HP will automatically match However it is not an ideal world or perhaps some secondary information is not available from the dynamometer data Therefore you are left with matching dynamometer brake torque and HP with Brk Tq and Brake HP from the Engine Analyzer Since torque and HP are largely a function of air flow follow the rules outlined under the Actual CFM category That is if the Engine Analyzer need
43. assumed 4 deg adv 2009 www iskycams com Isky CORVAIR criteria Pick one of these 4 using the round option button then click on the Keep New Settings button to load in this Example Cam To Obtain This Optimized C Max Peak Tq 251 5000 C Max Peak HP C Max Avg Tq Max Avg HP Idle Vacuum While Maintaining Idle Vacuum No any vacuum is OK Cancel Help prs ui 249 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Figure A 18 Loading Cam Files from Other Company s Programs If you are picking a Category of Example Tip Click in eithe n E e n EA ES Cam File screen shown in Figure A 10 button or just Double Clic on the catagory e a a e TE See page 1 YOU have this Option button If you click on ea Use Cay it you get the screen shown below Load Files from Other Company s Programs Catagories of Cam Examples for Picking Use this section to Browse to the folder Catagorie Loading Desktop Dyno Qa containing the Cam Files you want to import Performan Find CamFiles CA mi Typical C American C S American JDYNOSIM5 Choose the Engine Family for the Cam Buick CAM FILES Files ttoi rt Not Buick V 2 you want to import Note many Buick 0 SBCAMFILES LCAM times this may be the same exact name Cadillac as for the folder However if you chose Small Blo Big Block the folder Chevy you may want to only Chevy 4 1 import for the Engine Family
44. assuming you may not be familiar with it We strongly recommend this choice to anyone new to computers or this program Beginner Experienced User Calc CCs from Dia when Port Len Changes Calc Dia from CCs when Port Len Changes In the Head Specs menu inputs are available for Average Port Diameter Port Volume in CCs and Port Length which are all mathematically related If you change Port Length either the Volume must change if the Diameter does not change or the Diameter must change if the Volume does not change This option determines which assumption is made and which input Diameter or Volume is changed when you change the Port Length Show Comparison when Picking Examples Don t Show Example Comparison When you pick examples specs the program can show a side by side comparison of the new Example specs versus the current specs before the new Example specs are loaded Selecting Don t Show Example Comparison omits this step and saves time 13 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Set Default Test Pressure currently xx x For several calculation menus flow bench test pressure is an input The program automatically loads in the Default Test Pressure usually 28 water If you consistently use a flow bench test pressure different than this Default Test Pressure you can change it here to most anything between 5 60 water Click on this menu item and the program will ask you
45. chose If you click on the Optimize Using These Cams button as shown in Figure A 16 instructions for using this screen are displayed here Basically you pick what you want to Max Peak HP optimize Max Peak Tq etc pick C The 4 cams which best meet your criteria will be displayed in this an Idle Vacuum level and then section Choose the one you want to keep by clicking on the option Max Avg Tq click on the Start Optim izing button circle to the left of that cam s results Then click on the Keep New Settings button to load in that cam s specs Max Avg HP Idle Vacuum i etl While Maintaining Idle Vacuum No any vacuum is OK The program will show the 4 best cams which meet your Optimizing Specs Check ExampJ Cams C 188 38 MaxAvgHP example cam 1 Idle Vac 20 9 Hi Tech tm Catalog for Stock OEM replacement cams PN 106101 Stock CHEVROLET 68 69 6 164 cid Corvair Exc hi perf C 185 05MaxAvgHP example cam 2 Idle Vac 21 4 PN 1151 M HYDRAULIC 1000 3800 RPM Seat Dur Int 248 Exh 248 Grind Type Mile A Mor assumed 4 deg adv 2009 www iskycams com Isky CORVAIR 183 69 MaxAvgHP example cam 4 Idle Vac 17 2 PN 115126 HYDRAULIC 2000 5500 RPM Seat Dur Int 262 Exh 262 Grind Type 262 SUPERCAM assumed 4 deg adv 2009 www iskycams com Isky CORVAIR 182 45 Max vg HP example cam 5 Idle Vac 11 2 PN 115128 HYDRAULIC 2500 6500 RPM Seat Dur Int 280 Exh 280 Grind Type 280
46. concerning inertia tuning described in Appendix 3 The actual tuning simulated by the Engine Analyzer is more detailed and may not completely agree with these recommendations Therefore use the recommendations in this section as a guide or starting point for choosing runner sizes These lengths and diameters are also based on the current cam specs If you change cam specs for example to those recommended later in this section these runner suggestions will change also Rec Inertia Len in and Rec area sq in in Is the recommended total length of the intake runner from the valve seat to the first abrupt opening for good inertia tuning and runner velocity This is the sum of Port Length plus Runner Length in the cylinder Head s and Intake System menus This abrupt opening could be a plenum branching together with another intake runner or an opening to atmosphere See Runner Length under Intake System Given to the right of the recommended length is recommended runner inside cross sectional area in square inches and inside diameter in inches This area will give adequate runner velocity for this length runner at this RPM If you have a rectangular runner calculate the recommended width and height from the following formulas Rec Width Rec Area Rec Height Rec Area Current Runner Height Current Runner Width For example if the recommended area was 2 08 sq in and your current runner was 1 8 x 1 0 Rec Width 2 08 1 16 Rec Hei
47. conditions under which the test will be run Since you are trying to match Ford s advertised results choose Std SAE Conditions for the Weather Conditions You are not sure of the Coolant Temp so leave it where its at for the current engine file probably something between 165 to 195 degrees Be sure no Nitrous Oxide system is on so choose No Nitrous Injection Choose Gas for the Fuel and an Octane of 87 the minimum octane which the factories design their cars for or what ever octane gasoline you typically buy For RPMs to Run use 2500 for the Starting RPM 10 for the Number of RPMs and 500 for the RPM Increment The RPM Preview shows 2500 3000 3500 7000 which includes the advertised Torque Peak and HP Peak RPMs of 4250 and 5750 with a good RPM range both above and below these RPMs You can forget the Starting Point Suggestions specs at this time because they are for more advanced work when you are trying to obtain suggestions for sizing cams or runners for optimum performance See Example 4 5 Note You may say that the Coolant Temp and Fuel Octane inputs suggested here would be complete guesses on your part In cases like that where you are not sure of specs calculate performance with a guess at the specs then calculate performance again with a significantly different guess If performance does not change much that particular spec must not be that important for your particular combination so either guess is adequat
48. converting chemical energy into mechanical energy HP you could calculate its HP output For this example let s say the black box engine is 25 efficient 2 Efficiency HP out x 100 HP in Filling in the information you know into eq 2 25 HP out x 100 299 HP Rearranging terms HP out 25 x 299 75 HP 100 Power out of Black Box engine 3 F F R x C E F x Eff HP out 2544 Where F F R Fuel Flow Rate b hr C E F Chemical Energy of Fuel BTU Ib Eff Total Engine Efficiency 212 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes p_a k SSS SSS SS Se Using this simple logic if the efficiency stays the same all you have to do is pump more fuel into the engine to produce more power For example remove the carburetor and dump the fuel directly down the intake manifold You could pump the gas tank dry in a matter of minutes but you all know that the engine would probably produce no power at all The energy in the fuel can only be released if there is enough oxygen available to burn it completely and the fuel and air are well mixed in the right proportions Under perfect conditions it takes about 14 6 lbs of air to completely burn 1 1b of fuel an air fuel ratio of 14 6 1 or A F 14 6 Under these conditions extra fuel over the 14 6 A F is wasted and can severely reduce power if extremely rich A F ratios richer than 11 0 This wasting of fuel decreases efficiency Eff Therefore to ge
49. crankshaft degrees and is the standard method used by most cam grinders This number is calculated from other specs in this menu and can not be entered directly Gross Intake Valve Lift in Is the maximum lift of the valve with NO valve lash even if it is a mechanical cam with valve lash Mathematically it is Max Lobe Lift multiplied by rocker arm ratio This is the standard way most cam grinders rate their cams for valve lift sometimes called Advertised Lift This number is calculated from other specs in this menu and can not be entered directly Note If you are not using specifying in the program the same Rocker Arm Ratios as what the cam grinder is assuming this number will not match the cam grinder s catalog or advertised lift Gross Exhaust Valve Lift in See Gross Intake Valve Lift above 49 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 50 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 2 Supercharger See Appendixes 5 and 6 for new features added in v3 2 and v3 4 The Supercharger specs describe the turbocharger or supercharger installed if any Figure 2 15 Supercharger Turbocharger Menu Design fosis Gupercha ges Type TE Turbocharger Sesi Street Roots w Average Seals Use Specs Below NohueRevohition cu in 40o Peak Efficiency 70 Averose E ar flatio a CFM at Peak Efficiency flesstrifesgaaid G ne lt P Pres Ratio at
50. diameter Throttle Specs Total Pri Throttle Plates Total Sec Throttle Plates Primary Throttle Dia in The total of secondary barrels For a single 4 V Total Sec Throttle Plates carburetor this would be 2 for three 2 barrel carbs Secondary Throttle Dia m this would be 4 l Restrictor Plate Specs Restrictor Plate Installed Yes The diameter of the throttle opening or throttle Hole Dia in butterfly plate for the Sec Throttle Plates not venturi diameter If Total Sec Throttle Plates is set to 0 this value is disabled dimmed to gray and ignored Secondary Throttle Dia in Design Improved Notes See Fig 2 31 in Manual p 83 for estimating Note Primary throttles and secondary throttles are Designed Improved not treated differently in this calculation menu The only reason they are listed separately here is to easily Cancel Print Use Calc Yalue handle throttle plates which are different sizes For Cancel Print 106 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions example if the primary and secondary throttles were the same size in the three 2 barrel examples above you could have used 6 Pri Throttles 0 Sec Throttles and arrived at the same answer Restrictor Plate Specs Restrictor Plate Installed If the carb is used with a restrictor plate choose Yes Restrictor plates are special orifice plates mounted
51. eee a ae ie mieti a i more detailed info on optio z i immediately a a A open it Click here to Click here to bring up standard open the Windows File Manager window to chosen Engine access any disk drive or directory Click here to delete folder Not avaialbe in Beginner chosen Engine User Mode Click here to close the Engine Library with No changes lick h to bri help iwithout opening arendine Click here to bring up on screen help C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output Open an Engine File To open an Engine file saved in the Library either e Click on the Open button e Click on the File Engine menu item and then on the Open Engine options from the list You will obtain the window shown on the previous page Single click on one of the Engines in the list or click and drag the slide button on the right side of the list to display more Engines Once you single click on an Engine it is now the Chosen Engine File and a preview of the Engine is given in the Preview section If the file you chose was not a valid Engine Analyzer file the program will tell you so and you can not choose it Once an Engine has been chosen you can delete it by clicking on the Delete button or Open it by clicking on the Open button in this window You can also click on a different Engine to Preview it or close this window and return to the Main Screen without choosing a new Engine file
52. enough If the equation is very complex and the inputs are an unusual combination no answer may be reached no matter how many times the calculation is performed This is called not converging on a solution Making the tolerance close enough small will produce more exact answers but will require more calculation time Performance Trends has selected tolerance bands for iterations which give good accuracy with reasonable calculation times Because many of the equations within the Engine Analyzer must be solved by iterations there is no one exact answer All calculations are an approximation Therefore do not be alarmed if a Total Avg Flow Coef in the Special Calculations section is calculated as 357 for straight up cam timing and as 358 208 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes with 4 degrees of cam advance These numbers are close enough that they should be considered equal Advancing the cam should not and did not change Total Avg Flow Coef Correlation with Dynamometer Data The Engine Analyzer has been validated using dynamometer data from engines which were generally streetable getting between 0 5 to 2 0 HP per cubic inch With the improved tuning simulations the Engine Analyzer Version 3 Brk Tq and Brake HP results compared within 7 of the actual dynamometer data at most RPMs For example if the Engine Analyzer predicted 400 ft lbs of peak torque the actual engine would produce from 372 to 4
53. for the X or Y Axis Click here to restore auto Clicking on these buttons zooms in or zooms out scaling That is where the on the graph either vertically or horizon tally computer picks the scale Hold down the shift key to produce faster action to show all the graph in Clicking on these buttons shifts geod cote the graph left right up or down Hold down the shift key while clicking produces faster action Engine Analyzer v3 0 3U2 4 Back File Format Vie Help HISTORY last cam TQ HP 2 aa eo E bal Evert lef gt ee belo st Evie Engine Analyzer v3 0 Tq amp HP Click on View then ee l i i i i l either Zoom or i 302 4v11 59 am Specify Scales Fer ae axes or the Set 302 4v 11 59 am Scales button to tee cc obtain the menu shown in Figure 3 13 on the next page You can use the mouse to outline an area to be zoomed in on Simply click on the mouse key in the upper left corner of the area then hold the key down and drag the mouse to the lower right corner of the desired area A box will be drawn as shown When you release the mouse key this area will fill the whole graph This feature is disabled if the cursor is turned on Also start the upper left corner well away from a graph line or the program may turn on the cursor instead C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output Figure 3 13 Menu to Specify Graph Axes Scales This menu can be obtained 2 wa
54. including e The Graph cursor now interpolates between points This means that if one power curve has results at 2000 2400 and 2800 RPM and another has results at 2000 2500 and 3000 the cursor will read both curves at all RPM points you ran 2000 2400 2500 2800 and 3000 e TDC and BDC labels are now displayed on the Valve Lift graphs If you are using a cursor the cursor value is also given as say 24 deg Figure A1 Calculation Menu for Flow Efficiency Calc Valve Flow Effcy ABDC Calc Valve Flow Effcy e You can now print graphs in color or B amp W with various styles of dashed Flow Test Data lines Test Pressure Water e A Preference lets you turn off the Valves Cylinder Graph always AutoScaling a new graph This means that if you have Valve Diameter in N N N found a set of scales you like the Valve Lift Tested in program will maintain them Flow Obtained CFM e The powerful Optimize feature at the Use More Points main screen lets you try thousands of Walve Lift Tested in a combinations of critical engine specs to e E e EFA find the best combo automatically on onet Valve Lift Tested in e Hundreds of new example parts have E been added including the entire Crane pneu eaeeaiecsie Cams Catalog Brodix AFR Edelbrock Suni World Products Dart and TFS heads Enter flow data for 2 1 460 diameter Intake more Import parts motorcycle part
55. instead of cooling engine coolant it cools the intake air charge A turbocharger heats up the intake air considerably through the process of compression Cool air is more dense than warm air More cool air can be packed into a given cylinder volume producing more 61 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions _ Se SS power The intercooler allows ambient air non compressed surrounding air to cool the charge If the intercooler is 100 effective the intake charge would be brought down to its original ambient temperature as specified by Air Temp in the Weather Conditions in the Running Conditions menu with no change in boost pressure See Table 2 10 in the Turbocharger section for definitions of the various ratings 62 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 2 8 Calculate Performance 2 8 1 Running Conditions You can run a test calculate performance by e Clicking on the Calc HP button at the top of the Main Screen e Clicking on Calc HP F2 menu item or press the lt F2 gt key at the Main Screen e Clicking on Running Conditions to open up the Running Conditions menu then click on the Calculate Performance button in this menu The Running Conditions menu will present a menu of conditions and options which describe how you will run or test this engine These conditions include e Weather conditions e Level of nitrous oxide and t
56. is also pointed out in the Analysis Report when it discusses high Piston Spd average piston speed Piston Spd and Piston Gs are related High levels of either require strong light reciprocating components Exhaust Tuning Now look at the exhaust side of the engine Go to the Main Screen and open a fresh copy of the HYDRPLN V6 to examine exhaust tuning effects The Engine Analyzer assumes the best exhaust inertia supercharging occurs at an Ex AvgVel of 300 ft sec Figure 4 58 shows that Ex AvgVel does not reach 300 until 9500 RPM This would indicate the runner header primary is too large The ExTun Prs pressure exhaust tuning pressure is best at 5500 RPM showing 2 4 PSI of suction The negative sign indicates suction which helps performance on the exhaust side Now try installing the 1st Pulse runner length recommended by the Engine Analyzer in Figure 4 58 of 32 3 and diameter of 1 54 Note that the program assumes 3 of exhaust runner exist in the exhaust port in the head Therefore you should use 29 3 32 3 3 for the Header Primary Length and 1 54 for the Header Primary Diameter inside diameter in the Exhaust System menu Note that peak ExTun Prs of 2 4 now occurs at 6000 and 6500 which is less than 8000 you were expecting but still is peaking at a higher RPM than it originally did The recommended length gives slightly better performance throughout a range of RPMs with 8000 RPM in the middle of this range Notice tha
57. losses in power A 10 converter slippage is a 10 power loss Then there are all the additional losses of full vehicle accessories trans and rear axle friction losses etc However some chassis dynos do math corrections trying to compensate for these losses Depending on how they correct you may actually see more power measured on a chassis dyno than the engine actually puts out The important thing with chassis dynos is to know what that particular dyno is reporting for power and any corrections being made Table Showing the Difference Between Typical Vehicle and Dynamometer Installations Engine Analyzer Specs ae Sees Engine Specifications SS Accessories All vehicle accessories Minimum accessories installed including no water pump and no fan Intake Heat Production Probably blocked exhaust crossover and coolant temp is lowered for better torque Exh Header Manifold Actual Manifold Aftermarket Exhaust Headers Exh System CFM Rating Actual Exhaust system or a No exhaust system Open restriction to simulate the headers i eT restriction eaer erin Conditions SE Cons Conditions Std Surot Conditions Intake Intake Air Temp Intake Air Temp Dew Point La eae approx 36 relative asking ao dry air humidity 29 92 Elevation ft C SS 230 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Appendix 5 New Features in Version 3 2 Here is a brief listing of some of the
58. more accurately predict performance improvements e An alternative method is suggested if you only have data for flowing the head and manifold as a unit 195 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples 196 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Example 4 5 Optimizing Tuning Features Introduced and suggested background reading e Example 4 4 e Appendix 1 Accuracy and Assumptions e Appendix 3 Intake and Exhaust Tuning e Analysis Report Section 3 1 The Engine Analyzer simulates the pressure pulsations which are present in the intake and exhaust runners These pulsations are critical to obtain optimum performance especially for naturally aspirated free flowing race engines With intake and exhaust systems designed to take advantage of these pulses volumetric efficiencies of well over 100 are possible without supercharging Since tuning effects are most noticeable with free flowing heads individual runner intake systems and high overlap cams you will use the HY DRPLN V6 engine for this example The goal of this example is to design an intake and exhaust system for optimum tuning at 8000 RPM Optimum tuning at 8000 should also optimize performance at 8000 RPM Intake Tuning Open a copy of HYDRPLN V6 from the library Open the Running Conditions menu and set the Starting RPM to 5000 Number of RPMs to 10 and RPM Increment to 500 The RPM Preview should show 5000 5500
59. name currently at the top of the Main Screen Since Click on No to save the current engine specs to these specs are now completely a new name Click on Cancel to stop saving different than the engine you started with click on No The program will present the screen of Figure 4 15 Here 302 4 With the changes you ve made Figure 4 15 Menu for Entering New Engine Name you can type in a new name for Ss Save an Engine File Hg f f Type in most your engine then click on OK Sny name Voi to save the engine Remember New Engine Name MY ZX2 2 0L y y want then that a name can not have click on OK See Section 3 4 The program 9 may modify your name or Enter a New Engine Name and click on OK The current warn you if you use a wrong engine name is given should you choose to modify it character may change the name to slightly for the new name Use the Delete key to erase be acceptable the name if you want a completely new name See Section After you have saved the 160 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples name you can click on Engine Library and go through the list of engines to find your new engine 5 How d You Do Now you can calculate performance and see how you do at matching the factory numbers of 127 ft lbs at 4250 RPM and 130 HP at 5750 RPM To calculate performance you can do the following e At the Main Screen you can click on the Calculate Performance butt
60. not want to change any of these blue spec settings Peak Efficiency Is the highest thermal efficiency on the compressor map in percent The highest efficiency will occur in the center of the island Typical values range from 55 to 75 This combo box lets you pick a general rating If you do not have a compressor map pick 60 or pick an Example Centrifugal Supercharger CFM at Peak Efficiency Is the CFM where peak efficiency occurs CFM is usually the horizontal X scale of a compressor map The older original Paxton had a CFM at Peak Effy of only 320 CFM Newer Paxtons Vortechs and PowerDynes have CFM ratings in the 500 to 1000 CFM range If you do not have a compressor map we strongly recommend you pick one of the Examples Centrifugal Superchargers Pres Ratio at Pk Effy Is the pressure ratio PR where peak efficiency occurs just like for turbochargers PR is usually the vertical Y scale and in the range from 1 25 to 2 0 with the old original Paxton tm being approximately 1 35 and newer Paxtons and Vortechs being from 1 5 to 1 8 If you do not have a compressor map we strongly recommend you pick one of the Examples Centrifugal Superchargers Pulley RPM at Pk Effy Is the pulley RPM not internal impeller RPM where peak efficiency occurs 60 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Max Safe Pulley RPM This is the manufacturer s safety limit on pulley RPM The program checks to ensu
61. now much less than the target 75 with the new intake system This suggests performance could now be significantly improved with better flowing exhaust ports and runners or more exhaust cam lift and duration It is important to remember that performance for the engine improved because the head and manifold flowed more CFM on a flow bench than the stock parts Performance did not improve just because the parts were flow tested The flow testing results simply let the program more accurately predict how much better the engine would perform Flow testing by itself does not improve performance Alternate but less accurate Method If it is difficult to design optimum exhaust and intake adapters or this data is not available it is best to flow the head with the appropriate manifold or header For the example above this would give 194 CFM Some of the restriction is due to the valve and some is due to the manifold runner A reasonable assumption is 4 of the total flow restriction is due to the runner If you multiply the CFM flow for both the port and manifold together by 1 04 you will obtain a reasonable flow value to use for the bare head In this case 194 CFM x 1 04 202 CFM Using 202 CFM you would calculate a Valve Flow Effcy of 44 7 and 194 would calculate a Runner Flow Effcy of 83 8 Conclusions e The Engine Analyzer s calculation menus allow you to easily calculate both Valve Flow Effcy and Runner Flow Effcy from flow bench data to
62. of the Short Block menu then choose the Pick an Example choice Figure 4 3 To Load an Example Short Block Click on down Short Block Specs arrow button z for Type Short Block Calculated Specs combo box and Culn Type Use Specs Below G click on Pick an Us slow Cylinder Volume 37 70 Pick an Example Engine Volume 301 59 Example Current C R 8 50 Stroke in Chamber Volume 5 03 of Cylinders Bore Stroke Ratio 1 333 Losses Help p Click on the down arrow button to sele Or click on the Accessories Clutch fan and production water pump to eitherTise your own specs in this menu Get Exam ol e ove Pick an Example set of specs If you Crankease Typical Wwindage fave picked Example Specs the Example button name will appear here unless you change Pistons Bearings Production design Tl some of the Example specs p15 Figure 4 4 Engine Analyzer Tip Engine Analyzer v3 0 Tip Click here before Click on an Example Ngre in this list to highlight clicking on OK it Then Click on the Pick button lower right and you won t corner to pick it UP see this message If there are m fe Examples than can be again Otherwise displayed lick on the arrow buttons or click and you will see this drag the slide bar on the right side of the list to message next all Examples time you start the Don t show this again program 153 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine
63. or Format and then Valve Lift vs Crank Degrees or the cam TqHP menu command to produce the Valve Lift graph shown in Figure 4 35 Here you can compare the actual cam profiles for the 3 cams Notice that the aftermarket cams have much more lift than the Stock Cam but not that much more duration This is why both probably ran into valve train problems at higher RPM Whenever valve lift increases but duration remains about the same the cam has much steeper ramps is more aggressive or has higher acceleration rates and usually requires more valve spring That is one reason cam grinders always recommend you upgrade the rest of the valve train when you go to a new cam 174 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Figure 4 34 Graph of All 3 Cams Using the History Log Engine Analyzer v3 0 302 4 Back File Format View Help HISTORY last cam TQ HP Baseline Engine Analyzer v3 0 Tq amp HP vs RPM 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 RP 50 1500 lel l lS es gt Lelee bff sit ruven s sca Horsepower H i hydraulic cam Torque Horsepower Chapter 4 Examples Note the name of the tests appear here in the History Log as you labeled the tests in the History Log stock cam Torque Horsepower M I gt Engine Analyzer v3 0 302 4 fl We See ee bed eee solid roller carn 1 hydraulic cam Int Valve Lift JExh Valve Lift stockcam Unt Valve L
64. performs At the Test Results screen click on View must be in Experienced User mode then click on Show History Now You will see the History Log appear at the bottom of the screen as shown in Figure 4 23 You will notice in the left column a Test Title which Fi 422 R to Clicki the program has given the test consisting of the igure 4 esponse to licking on Engine name and the time and date of the test If Test Title all rows except top row you click on any Test Title other than the first one the program will ask if you want to change the Test Title or retrieve the specs which produced Retrieve the specs which produced these those test results Figure 4 22 If you click on the results Test Title in the top row it assumes you want to Click on No to edit Test Title change or edit the Test Title Click on the first Test Title and enter a name like Stock Cam Yes C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Figure 4 23 Test Results of Stock Cam Showing History Log Engine Analyzer v3 Performance Trends 302 4 Bark ai Print Vie SendToVehProgram File Analyze Help F1 PkTq Avg Pk HP Avg New 268 236 219 161 Last 268 236 219 161 See ee a Notes Summary Piston speed somewhat high Emnes P Knock Click on Notes for details Total Avg Flow Coef Lobe frea inch deg Aroan daawa 231 19 82 Test History Dont Show History Clear erase History Print 302 4v Sun Oct 17 98 2 49
65. program the port in the head and the runner in the intake manifold For these modifications you will leave the Port Length in the Head s Specs menu at 5 and just change the Runner Length in the Intake System menu to make up the suggested total length For Port amp Runner Dia you will set the Port Diameter in the Head s menu and Runner Diameter in the Intake System menu both to the suggested diameter Table 4 5 shows a summary of the test results trying the 3 different intake runner recommendations Table 4 5 Comparison of 3 Intake Starting Point Suggestions Condition Stock Inertia 2nd Pulse 3rd Pulse HP 8000 256 310 297 209 Avg HP from History Log 241 262 245 255 For the combination of the existing head with r the 2nd Pulse intake runner suggestion you Figure 4 61 Note About Unusual Combo get the warning message shown in Figure 4 61 Checking Input Specs Continue Because you are just trying things and you The 1 1 64 Intake valve looks very small for 1 actually do want to try this unusual combo 2 18 Intake port click on Yes to proceed Q Check the Intake Specs in the Head Specs menu Figures 4 62 4 64 graphically compare some of Continue with Calculations anyway these results to the Baseline Condition and to each other 201 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 62 Comparison of Baseline with Optimum Inertia Tuning Runners Engine Analyzer v3 0 HYDRPL
66. required to atomize the fuel or worse not even pull fuel through the jets at all e Atomization of fuel in the chamber which depends on many design variables and fuel properties The Pro assumes that the higher the Octane rating of the fuel the lower the Reid Vapor pressure and the less likely the fuel is to atomize Obviously not all fuels have the same vapor pressure for a certain octane so this trend is not necessarily true for all fuels Alcohol is also assumed to be slightly more difficult to produce good A F Mixture Quality because of its large cooling effect The lower the A F Mixture Quality the lower the power output the program will project Therefore pay special attention to this number This is a change from all other pervious Engine Analyzer programs which always assumed perfect A F distribution and atomization BSFC Ib HP hr Is the brake specific fuel consumption of the engine in Ibs HP hr or pounds of fuel per hour per horsepower BSFC is a measure of how efficiently the fuel is being used to produce power at the crankshaft A good BSFC is in the range of 40 45 for gas and 95 1 10 for alcohol near the torque peak RPM The lower the BSFC the more efficient the engine is at converting fuel into HP BSFC is based on total engine fuel flow including any additional fuel required for the Nitrous Oxide if any is injected BSAC Ib HP hr Is the brake specific air consumption of the engine in Ibs HP hr or pounds of
67. right Total flow Lt flow Rt flow 230 230 460 CFM If you do not have flow data use Table 2 8 to estimate the CFM Rating or click on the Cle button to calculate CFM as explained in Section 2 9 8 As a double check this is the range of Exhaust Back Pressures Exh Pres you should obtain when calculating performance for the various CFM Ratings described in Table 2 8 Quiet 7 to 12 PSI at the RPM for peak HP Sporty 2 to 8 PSI at the RPM for peak HP Race 5to 3 PSI at the RPM for peak HP Open Headers 0 PSI If you have the exhaust system mounted on the engine you are simulating with the Engine Analyzer you can verify the CFM Rating by actually measuring the exhaust pressure in PSI Weld a hose fitting to the exhaust pipe as close as practical to the header or manifold Attach a hose from the fitting to a TEMPORARY pressure gauge OUTSIDE the vehicle For example tie it to a windshield wiper so it can be read inside the car The gauge should be for reading low pressures like 5 PSI full scale for accurate measurements Make a full power acceleration in the vehicle and see if the measured pressure matches the Pro s Exh Pres SAFETY NOTE Do not run an exhaust pressure line into the car This is to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning 41 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Table 2 8 Estimate CFM Rating Designed Engine Power CFM Rating in Horsepower 40 0 50 20 51 100 60 120 1
68. show that the Solid Roller Cam is better for Pk Torque but Valve Flow amp Cam Calculations Overlap Area sq in xdeg 2 3 Total Avg Flow Coef Total Exh Int 92 2 Lobe rea inchxdeg Cam appears to Lobe Separation deg 166 6 deq sq in be the best for Test History Don t Show History Clear erase History Print Help PT emp SSN Pok Tg LIN Avg Talne _ Foekc HP_ Ines _ i ee ae 272 at 3000 15 233 217 at 4500 Hydraulic Cam 11 221 is 221 at 5000 Stock Cam a3 at on 302 4v Sun Oct 11 98 2 48 pm 268 at 3000 0 2 G Click on Test 302 4v Sun Oct 11 98 2 44 pm 268 at 3000 0 213a at 00 Title and Type i in Jat Solid Roller Cam C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples TE Click on OK and then Calculate Performance Then click on View and Show History Now to obtain the screen of Figure 4 31 The History Log shows Peak Torque has improved 15 ft lbs over the Hydraulic Cam and 4 ft Ibs over the Stock Cam However Peak HP for the Solid Roller Cam is down from either the Hydraulic Cam or Stock Cam Overall the Stock Cam looks the best with the highest Avg Tq and Avg HP numbers In the Notes section at the top of Figure 4 31 notice that the Solid Roller Cam also has Valve Toss at some RPMs probably because you did not improve the Valve Train with this new more aggressive cam For hydraulic cams valve train problems are shown as Lifter Pump Up and for solid lifters as Valve Toss Click on the Graph button to ob
69. specs we recommend you use the specs which come preloaded in the Centrifugal Supercharger Library for common superchargers This section refers to many items discussed in detail in the previous Turbocharger section You may want to glance at it first before you read this section Type This combo lets you describe the source of the specs used in this section e You can select the Use Specs Below and enter in most any combination of Supercharger Specs e You can pick the Pick an Example to be presented with a list of Example Supercharger Specs much the same as clicking on the Get Example button It will then display the name of the Example Supercharger specs you have picked The Type you choose has a large effect on how the Centrifugal Supercharger section of this menu looks If you choose Use Specs Below all specs will be printed in black and you can change them to most any 59 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions uea mm K m SS number you want If you have chosen an example the specs which relate directly to the example will be displayed in blue In Beginner User mode disabled specs or specs printed in blue are hidden Should you choose to change any of these blue specs a notice is given that changing any spec related to the example will change the Type from the example name to the general name of Use Specs Below The example name is a handy reminder of what the specs in this menu represent so you may
70. the exhaust port When you are returned to the Head s menu you will notice that all specs are now hidden except Compression Ratio Compression Ratio has been loaded with a 9 but 156 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples SS u u you know from magazine articles that this engine has a 9 6 Compression Ratio Therefore click on the 9 and change it to 9 6 Click on the OK button to close the Heads menu and return to the Main Screen Figure 4 10 Picking a Typical Head for the 2 0L 4 Valve ZX2 Examples Valve Port Port Port Flow Cli k Typical Large 4 Vlv Heads Chamber CR Layout Dia Dia _ CCs ter Rffey ICK ON p Stock 4vlv 3 5 Bore Pent Roof A 2vlv lprt 1 26 1 51 133 5 ETA 4vlv 3 5 Botexh 2viv lprt either row to pick this og m 4vlv 3 6 Bore vlv lprt z example for 4vlv 3 6 Bo exh 2viv lpre a 3 5 bore l Note that only 1 row is highlighted but the specs in both rows will be used 4vlv 3 7 Bore A 2viv lpre 4vilv 3 7 Bo exh 2vlv lprt 4vlv 3 8 Bore ig 2viv lprt 4vlv 3 8 Bo exh 2viv lprt 4vlv 3 9 Bore F 2vlv lprt 4vlv 3 9 Bo exh 2viv lprt Abreviations Tip Click on Example to highlight raa T Me tormame i T ee is then at p Tek or Te eads are listed which fit a particular cyli ore utton Double click to pic Example in 1 step Intake System Click on Intake System to open the menu shown in Figure 4 11 The Intake System is divided into 2 parts the manifold specs
71. the results Running Conditions and output options go to Section 2 8 and Chapter 3 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 1 Introduction _ __ __ gt _ __Exx_ y_ a aE SESS See Clicking on Back or pressing the lt ESC gt key will return you to the Main Screen From the Main Screen you can modify the 302 4V to see the effect on performance For example you could go into any of the component menus and e Change to a different cam e Install a turbo or supercharger e Change weather conditions The beauty of the program is that it repeats exactly each time This lets you find differences which would be clouded by changes in weather conditions or test to test variability Many of the input specifications you see in the various menus may not be familiar to you For a brief definition of the inputs simply click on the specification name The definition will appear in the Help frame with a page in this manual for more information Some of the Engine specifications have Clc buttons One example is Dew Point in the Running Conditions menu Clc stands for calculate For example if you want to calculate the Dew Point from wet and dry bulb readings simply click on the Cle button The program will display a new menu listing the inputs and the Calc Dew Point from these inputs For further explanation click on the Help buttons in these menus To use the Calc Dew Point calculated from th
72. things which are too expensive difficult or impossible with a real engine The Engine Analyzer will provide you an engineering estimate of what should occur when general modifications are made based on internal combustion engine theory and several rules of thumb By seeing all the specifications which go into the calculated results you may have a false sense that the computer knows your engine exactly what manufacturer s intake manifold and carburetor are installed who ported the heads the exact cam profile Actually the computer does not know if the specifications are for a Model T or a Formula 1 engine A good analogy to the Engine Analyzer is a flow bench A flow bench can not predict exact torque and HP curves but is still a vital tool for engine development In the same way use the Engine Analyzer results as a guide as a second opinion of how your engine should perform under near optimum conditions Iterations Before you talk about accuracy it is important for you to understand the types of calculations going on inside the Engine Analyzer and other sophisticated simulation programs A simple program could involve calculating torque from volumetric efficiency Torque K x volumetric efficiency Where K is a constant which includes engine displacement You enter a volumetric efficiency and obtain a torque value The answer you obtain on the left side of the equation has no effect on the inputs on the right side of the equations
73. to use your own specs or to Pick an Flow Efficiency Cid Example set of Intake Manifold specs If you have picked Example Specs the Example name will Intake Heat Prod full Heat B appear here unless you change some Example specs p 29 Figure 4 57 Graph of Stock 302 4V vs Flow Tested Head and Manifold PEE Analyzer v3 0 302 4 Back File Format View Help HISTORY last cam TQ HP Baseline eo TA EE elel Leo dete bedele Futview set sca eee lee i v3 0 aa amp HP vs RPM flow tested Torque Horsepower 1 stock 302 4 Torque Horsepower Note increase in HP and RPM where HP peaks with larger freer flowing intake port and manifold 60 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 RPM C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Click on Back at the Graph screen to further inspect the test results They show e Peak torque has increased from 268 at 3000 to 282 at 4000 RPM e Peak HP has increased from 219 at 4500 to 258 at 5500 e Peak In InertiaPrs intake pressure due to inertia tuning has increased from 1 3 at 4500 to 2 5 PSI at 5000 e The Mach at all RPMs has decreased approximately 27 which means this engine can rev higher before running out of breath This is also evident by the Intake Vlv Area in the Special Calculations section increasing about 35 from 150 7 sq in deg to 204 4 sq in deg e The Total Exh Int dropped from 90 5 to 66 8 which is
74. you must change this in the Head s menu before using this calculation menu You can not change this number in this menu 100 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Valve Diameter in Identifies the outside largest diameter of the head of the valve s in inches From Figure 2 32 you would enter 1 52 This number is set to whatever is currently in the Valve Diameter spec in the Head s menu for this port If this is not correct for the flow test you must change this in the Head s menu before using this calculation menu You can not change this number in this menu Valve Lift Tested in Is the valve lift at which the flow data CFM is measured Use a valve lift and corresponding CFM flow as close as practical to one fourth the valve head s diameter A range of lifts close to 1 4 the valve s diameter is given in the Notes at the bottom of this menu The program will warn you when Valve Lift is not 1 4 of Valve Diameter in this menu For example for a 1 52 diameter valve use flow CFM at 38 valve lift CFM at 4 lift would also be acceptable See Figure 2 32 Note This is NOT valve lift produced by the cam Flow Obtained CFM Is the CFM flow obtained at the valve lift given for Valve Lift Shown in Figure 2 32 is a typical flow curve from a flow bench For this data you would use the 192 CFM value For most conditions it is best to install a radiused inlet on the intake and a short stub stac
75. 0 260 Optimize Using These Cams 240 Outside Air Temp 113 Outside Rel Humidity 113 Overlap 77 80 81 83 167 176 178 200 201 205 Overlap Area 77 80 81 83 167 176 178 PDF 231 Peak Efficiency 53 54 60 Peak HP 145 170 173 178 185 193 195 Peak Tq 145 Pent Roof 20 Piston 16 17 20 21 77 78 85 86 93 95 96 200 204 211 214 215 217 219 221 Piston Dome 92 95 Piston Dome CCs 92 95 Piston Gs TDC 77 Piston Spd 77 200 204 Pistons Bearings 17 Plus version 19 25 26 43 63 115 121 125 141 149 165 191 239 241 Plus Version 239 240 Port Flow Analyzer 239 Port Length 13 22 70 87 88 92 96 97 201 Port Volume 13 22 70 88 92 96 192 Port Runner Volume 97 Preferences 4 5 13 47 100 117 118 151 162 165 232 233 239 240 Pres Ratio at Pk Effcy 54 60 Primary Diameter 38 204 Primary Length 39 204 Primary Throttle Dia 106 Primary Tube O D 89 Print 4 1 2 8 91 96 121 130 141 142 232 240 Print Blank Worksheet 142 Print Help Definitions 142 Print History 142 Printers 231 240 Pulley RPMxe RPM at Pk Effy 60 Pump Up 79 170 Pushrod 168 171 Ramp Rating cam 239 Readme doc 2 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Rec Area 87 88 89 Rec Len 88 89 Registered Code 4 Registered Name 4 Request Report Comment 142 Resonance 220 221 Restrictor Plate 1
76. 0 205 207 208 209 210 213 215 217 226 228 229 233 239 240 Cam Advance 45 168 240 Camxe Cam Valve Train 4 14 43 44 90 111 159 162 165 167 168 170 171 172 239 Carb T B CFM Rating 109 193 209 226 Carburetor s 35 CD 4 Centerline 14 46 49 167 168 169 170 Centrifugal Supercharger 51 57 59 60 61 111 184 185 186 187 CFM 22 31 35 40 41 42 54 60 74 101 103 104 105 106 108 109 110 181 182 191 192 195 200 209 225 226 227 228 229 230 CFMxe CFM at Peak Efficiency 54 60 CFM Rating 31 35 40 41 42 110 200 209 225 226 228 230 Chamber 20 21 95 210 Chamber ccs 21 Chamber CCs in Head 95 Chamber Design 20 210 Cheater Cam Profile 239 257 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Cle button 9 16 21 22 23 24 31 33 36 41 47 58 61 64 65 66 91 92 98 101 171 185 192 193 239 240 Clearance Volume 21 85 86 95 Closing 47 Collector Length 39 Combustion Chamber 217 Comma Separated 125 Comments 5 8 34 141 142 160 164 233 239 240 Company Logo 240 Component Examples 115 118 Compression Ratio 15 21 85 86 92 94 95 156 177 189 217 229 compressor map 52 53 54 60 Compressor Map 52 53 54 60 Convert to Columns 125 Coolant Temp 66 159 217 226 229 Copy 2 139 140 148 165 192 197 204 232 Crank Pulley Diameter 58 61 111 1
77. 01 150 100 200 151 200 140 280 201 250 180 360 251 300 220 440 301 400 280 560 401 600 400 601 1000 640 1000 2000 Definitions for Table 2 8 e Quiet is a production exhaust system for a family sedan or luxury sedan where a throaty engine roar is undesirable e Sporty is a production exhaust system for performance sports cars e Race is an exhaust system with extremely low back pressure designed for classes of racing where rules require mufflers e For open headers no exhaust system enter a very large value of CFM for example 100000 CFM 42 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 2 6 Cam Valve Train The Cam Valve Train specs describe the opening and closing of the valves cam profile shape and valve train design See Appendixes 5 and 6 for MANY new features added in v3 2 and v3 4 and which can be added with Plus version Figure 2 12 Cam Valve Train Menu Cam alve Train General Cam Specs Total Cam Advance 1 0 Retard Type TRAE ee eet Lifter profile Type Mild Hyd Flat gt Lift for Rating Events 050 inches Valve Train Pushrod w Rockr rm produ Intake Exhaust Centerline deg ATDC Centerline deg BTDC Duration 050 Duration 050 Open 050 BTDC Open 050 BBDC Close 050 ABDC 3 Close 050 ATDC Max Lobe Lift in Max Lobe Lift in fash at Vales i fast at Vales i Rocker Arm Ratio Rocker Arm Ratio Ca
78. 07 108 Rocker Arm Ratio 44 46 48 49 111 168 171 210 229 240 Rod Length 16 Roots Supercharger 51 56 57 58 111 226 240 RPM 7 17 20 30 36 41 52 54 56 57 58 59 60 61 67 68 69 70 71 72 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 85 86 87 88 89 90 123 124 125 128 142 145 151 159 161 162 170 174 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 185 187 188 189 193 195 197 198 199 200 201 203 204 205 213 214 216 217 220 221 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 240 RPM Data 71 72 125 128 142 170 200 220 229 240 RPM Step Size 68 Runner 22 29 31 32 33 34 37 38 39 69 70 78 81 86 87 88 89 91 92 96 97 98 101 102 104 105 158 178 191 192 193 195 197 200 201 203 204 206 219 220 221 222 225 226 228 229 233 Runner Diameter 29 31 34 92 96 97 104 192 193 201 Runner Flow Coef 222 Runner Length 22 32 87 88 91 92 193 201 runnerxe Runner cyl 29 37 Running Conditions 4 6 7 8 9 55 62 63 86 88 112 159 161 179 182 187 197 217 230 S C Pulley Diameter 58 61 111 112 Safety 3 8 17 55 58 61 79 80 121 123 124 168 184 187 189 199 204 217 Save 1 5 118 125 139 144 160 164 Save to Engine Library 160 164 Savexe Save 144 Saving Examples 118 Scales 41 54 60 130 133 134 232 240 Seat Timing 1 239 Secondary Throttle Dia 36 106 226 227 229 Secondary Throttlexe S
79. 12 crankcase 17 Crankcase 17 Cursor 130 131 173 176 232 240 Cycle Data 71 Cyl Vol 21 85 Deck Height 95 96 Deck Height Clearance 95 96 Design 38 39 51 52 56 57 59 107 108 193 209 217 Desired Cubic Inches 93 94 Desktop Dyno 239 240 Dew Point 9 65 112 113 230 Diameter 13 22 25 37 38 58 70 88 92 96 104 192 201 226 Directory 1 2 126 140 151 Displacement 84 85 Display User s Manual 231 Dot Matrix Printer Adjustment 142 233 Dry Bulb Temp 113 Dual Plane 30 193 Dual Plug 20 Duration 14 45 47 49 167 168 169 170 176 178 Duration 050 167 258 Dwell over Nose 239 Dynamic Comp Ratio 85 Dynamometer 3 7 64 65 72 74 76 86 155 207 209 225 226 227 228 229 230 239 Dyno Sim 239 E85 240 Edit Printed Graph 240 Elevation 64 65 66 73 112 230 Email 4 Engine File 138 139 144 Engine HP 25 110 Engine Library 4 6 7 9 121 137 139 144 151 152 160 161 164 165 179 192 Engine RPM 72 Esc Key 231 Est Idle Vac 86 167 177 178 200 Ex AvgVel 78 204 226 Example Components 4 5 13 23 24 54 60 105 108 115 116 117 118 119 149 151 153 156 159 184 185 231 Exh Pres 41 72 180 181 225 228 Exh System 4 37 40 96 102 104 110 158 181 182 185 204 209 217 225 226 228 230 239 Exhaust Back Pressures 41 Exhaust System 4 37 40 96 102 104 110 158
80. 28 ft lbs from dynamometer tests One must also remember that dynamometer testing is not an exact science How many times have you seen Cam Grinder A s dyno data show their cam better than Cam Grinder B but Cam Grinder B s dyno data says their cam is better Significant variability exists from run to run day to day and especially from dyno facility to dyno facility Therefore the dyno data you are comparing to the Engine Analyzer results may be in error more than the program See Appendix 4 The weakest area for the Engine Analyzer is the intake and exhaust tuning and somewhat in the area of cam timing This is true of most any reasonable sophisticated engine simulation program including the million dollar programs used by Ford and GM Simplistic programs don t even attempt to estimate tuning effects Both these areas have an important impact on performance of high output race engines You are continuing to improve this as you learn more More accurate calculations are possible with the Engine Analyzer Pro Major Assumptions To make the Engine Analyzer and the specifications which describe the engine containable on a personal computer several simplifying assumptions are made which are listed below Other approximations and assumptions exist as identified in Section 1 3 A Word of Caution and scattered throughout this manual See Assumptions in the Index e All cylinders in the engine are identical e There is a very simplified
81. 5 Total fvg Fl 77 2 Lobe Area il 168 6 Ulu rea de Lobe Centerl General Engine Calculations Displacement cc Dynamic Comp Ratio Theo Crank Comprssn PSI 4943 1 Displacement 7 07 Compression 176 Clearance Vo Est Idle Vac v gt Ln 22 Col 42 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Figure A 22 New Features for Graphs Screen Engine Analyzer Plus v3 4 1985 Ford Mustang 5 0L 302 Stock Back File ADES View Optimize Help history LAST cam TQ HP Baseline Valve Lift vs Crank Degrees Appendixes x es eere E E EE ae e Special Graph Types zer v3 4 i z 270 Line style You can now pick to edhe show the legend labels dit Printed Comments z re 2 Gh Style w on right side in 3 real different sizes of Fonts Legend graph line labels Classic Size smallest Larger Size v Largest Size Legend shown in Largest Size font 30 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 sann ann an Bigger Cam Torque 229 Horsepowe 218 Baseline Torque 216 Horsepowe 205 Click on Edit Printed Comments for l the screen of options shown below Choose option to display the different options available for each test being Printed Graph Comments 2 GrapbData Sets comments available for each Data Set 1C2 Se Engine Comment Test Comment Bigger Cam on this 302 220 deg 050 Intake 228 deg 050 Exhaust Graph Comment 1 comment on graph 302 8 Cam Comparison Include on Graph Te
82. 6000 9500 You want to be sure that 8000 RPM is fully contained in the RPM range you are going to run Check the Starting Point Suggestions specs in the Running Conditions menu Since you want to optimize tuning and performance at 8000 RPM set the spec For Peak HP at This RPM to 8000 Also because the current intake port in the head is 5 and the intake runner in the injection stacks is 13 enter 18 for the spec For This Intake Runner Len Calculate performance as is to get a baseline of the current engine The Engine Analyzer will give suggestions for intake and exhaust runner dimensions and cam specs for good performance at 8000 RPM The results are shown in Figure 4 58 197 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 58 Baseline Test Results with Suggestions for 8000 RPM Click on View the Show Special Calcs large for bottom screen Engine Analyzer v3 0 Performance Trends HYDRPLN V6 a rel a Print View SendToVehProgram File Analyze Help F1 Sena ets Notes Summary Piston speed EXTREMELY PkTq Avg PKHP Emnes Click on Notes for details New 236 183 282 4 Last 236 167 Brake Tq Brake HP Exh Pres Int Vacuum 6 Vol Eff Actual CFM Fuel Flow A F Mix Qal BSFC BSAC Friction HP Mach Piston Spd Piston Gs Overlap ZVE Int AygVel In InertiaPrs In ResTunPrs_ Ex Avg el ExTun Prs Valve Toss Spark Ady Engine Analyzer v3
83. Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Example 4 3 Supercharging Turbocharging And Nitrous Oxide Features Introduced and suggested background reading e Changing Supercharger Specs Section 2 7 e Changing Running Conditions Section 2 8 Popular street bolt on performance modifications include nitrous oxide injection systems superchargers and turbochargers The Engine Analyzer lets you simulate all 3 types of systems Supercharging and turbocharging are both likely to produce detonation or spark knock Therefore the Octane you specify will have an important impact on performance The stock 302 4V is specified with 87 octane available at any gas pump For the first case of Turbocharging you will examine the effect of running 94 Octane fuel versus the 87 You will then leave Octane at 94 for the other cases Again you start with the 302 4V by opening it from the Engine Library by clicking on the Engine Library button If you don t have a baseline in the History Log of the performance of the stock 302 4V like the Stock Cam test from Example 4 2 calculate performance to obtain stock performance Turbocharger Check the Supercharger menu as shown in Figure 4 18 You first want to check the performance potential of the 302 4V with a turbocharger First you must switch the Supercharger Type in the upper left corner from None to Turbocharger to indicate a turbocharger is now installed on the engine Notice the turbocharger specs now become enab
84. BDC to the X axis for Valve Lift Graphs 135 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output 136 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output 3 4 Engine Library The Engine Analyzer allows you to save a set of Engine specifications to the Engine Library under a name of your choosing You can then open these Engines out of the Engine Library in the future for comparison or modification The Open window is shown on the next page with explanations Figure 3 15 Engine Library Options Click on Open button or File engine then Open to display Engine Library shown here Save option also available after clicking on File engine Click on Save button to save current Engines specs to Library Engine Analyzer v3 0 Performance Trends 302 4 Be h Calc HP F2 Preferences Help F1 Total Engines in Library Name of chosen Engine currently Chosen Engine File 70350228 h i gh j ght e d in eats Preview Engine List 460 hipo Int Valve 2 02 5Shp brig gs Shp brig gsx CFM Rating 750 Bore 4 x A60 man ne Stroke 3 48 Exh Valve 1 6 Preview of CID 349 8 p brig Engine chosen 70350228 Int Dur 229 alchl sp rnt Z ashtn le wis i bigblckc R owe el Click and drag bilmar 3 55 2 bob kotm el JA slide bar to view boss 302 paw l all engines in list boss 302 0u brz 355 Single click on engine to choose L it for preview nord
85. Click here or here to print these results Click here or here to send power curve to vehicle program and run that program Click here to create Analysis Report giving tips as described in Section 3 2 Click here for help S rman rv3 0 Performance Trend 302 4V gt View Sendro gran File Analyze Help F1 es Summary Lifter Pump Up Piston PkTq Avg PkHP Avg on Not Very high A F mixture ppor Click 0 eye EI ek iey es for details Last 455 351 330 210 Test History Don Show History lear rase History Print Help enti pean re VY Fe e Tago 3 E 275 at 3750 223 at 4500 107 127 455 at 3500 330 at 4000 0 210 455 at 3500 330 at 4000 107 210 282 at3500 History Log 2 301 at 3500 E mo ory g 5 271 at 3000 p 216 at 4500 8 121 271 at 3000 4 224 at 4500 5 125 301 at 3200 229 at 4400 0 174 at 3200 H at 4400 3 137 Click on Tst Title 1st column to c REE Eee to retrieve specs which produced those LS E Click in other columns for MON Click here to write test aie to an ASCII disk file Click here for options to display or not display the Special Calculations section or the History Log Click here to view and or edit the Engine Comments Click here to return to the Main Menu 122 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output 3 1 Analysis Reports 3 3 Analysis Options Analysis Options When calculated performance results are displayed on the screen you can obtain t
86. Definitions Figure 2 28 Port Shapes Port Height in Rectangular The average height of the port or runner along its entire length in inches This can usually be estimated at the end of the port or runner at the cylinder head manifold header mating surface Rounded Rectangular Port Shape Describes the general shape of the runner along its entire length Your choices are e Rectangular e Rounded Rectangular e Oval A purely Rectangular runner would have sharp corners and a purely Oval runner would be 2 semicircles connected by 2 straight sections See Figure 2 28 Actual runners are likely somewhere between these two shapes which is the Rounded Rectangular choice 2 9 5 Calc Valve Flow Efficiency Figure 2 29 Valve Flow Efficiency Options Type of Calc Menu to Use Click on the Cle button by Flow Do you have flow bench data for the intake port Efficiency in the Head s menu and you on this cylinder head preferably with a are first presented with the screen of radiused inlet Figure 2 29 Click on Yes only if you have flow bench data Then you will be C Select No to pick Valve Flow Efficiency from a presented with the menu shown in list section 2 9 5 2 Ifyou answer No you bes purtantsDOINOI chavat Svcs anil queearat are presented with the menu below in the flow data as this will produce very section 2 9 5 1 inaccurate results Yes 98 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 De
87. Engine Analyzer V3 4 for Windows Users Manual Performance Trends Inc Box 530164 Livonia MI 48153 248 473 9230 Fax 248 442 7750 www performancetrends com Email feedback performancetrends com Performance Trends Inc 20056 Shadyside Livonia MI 48152 Sales amp Tech Help for Registered Owners 248 473 9230 Fax 248 442 7750 Email feedback performancetrends com Website tips correspond with other users download demos update schedule etc www performancetrends com Copyright C 2010 Performance Trends Inc All Rights Reserved These software programs and user s manual are reserved by Performance Trends Inc and are intended for the use of the original owner only Copying or duplicating these products except for the personal use of the original owner is a violation of U S Copyright Law and is hereby expressly forbidden Portions Copyright C Microsoft Corp 1993 2010 All Rights Reserved IBM PC XT and AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corp MS DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp International Business Machines Corp makes no warranties either expressed or implied regarding the enclosed computer package its merchantability or its fitness for any particular purpose DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS LICENSED AS IS WITHOUT ANY WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES FOR MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PA
88. Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions TE Figure 2 2 Explanation of Sections of Typical Menu Name of specs Click on them for a description in the menu s help frame Help frame giving definition of spec and page in manual for more info Drop down combo box Click on down arrow button on the right side to pick from a list of possible choices for this spec Standard text entry box where you can type in the value of the spec which will be checked against acceptable limits Calculation button which opens up another menu where you can calculate the value of a spec from other inputs Head s Use Specs in this Menu 13 Layout 1 vave amp 1 pot Chamber frocawede Jej Yare Diameter in Avg Port Diameter in tte Compression Ratio 15 5 ete Port Volume ccs 268 Cyl Yol cujn 42 93 Chamberces 48 5 Port Length in 5S Flow Efficiency ae lelp 7 z lick on the Bown arrow button to select to either use Exhaust your own specs in this menu or to Pick an Example set of specs If you have picked Example Specs the Layout 1 valve amp 1 port l Example narhe will appear here unless you change Valve Daman some of the Example specs _ Flow Efficiency a 9K __ Hep x GetExampie Save Exampie Print E Click here to close menu Click here to obtain 1 to several screens of help to explain this menu Click here to display lists of exa
89. Example 4 2 A carburetor is the fuel metering device Single Plane A single plane manifold is where all cylinders can draw from all carburetor carb s barrels For this reason this manifold offers lower flow restriction at higher air flows high RPM These types of intakes on V 8s tend to have shorter runners than either dual plane or tunnel ram manifolds A Street single plane is one where tuning has been compromised to also provide hood clearance good part throttle fuel distribution good throttle response and cold weather operation etc Also see Tunnel Ram carb s below Single plane intakes on engines with 2 4 cylinders also exhibit secondary or low speed tuning effects See Appendix 3 and Example 4 2 A carburetor is the fuel metering device 30 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Tunnel Ram This type of single plane manifold has been designed for optimum intake carb s tuning and low flow restriction Single plane intakes on engines with 2 4 cylinders also exhibit secondary or low speed tuning effects See Appendix 3 and Example 4 2 A carburetor is the fuel metering device Single Plenum This type of production intake system is characterized by one injector EFI dedicated to each cylinder and one large plenum which supplies air to all cylinders Generally these intakes have been optimized for tuning effects since fuel distribution and carb pump shot lag are no longer a concern T
90. If you have picked Example Specs the Example name will Intake Heat Prod full Heat appear here unless you change some Example specs Manifold Specs x runner cyl The x runner cyl depends on the current value of Layout choice under Intake Port specs in the Head s menu If x 2 then the Manifold Spec of Runner Diameter describe only of the 2 intake manifold runners for each cylinder Type This combo lets you describe the source of the specs used in this menu e You can select a general type of manifold and the program will estimate the specs This is useful when you can not find an Example close to your engine and you do not know your manifold s specs e You can select the Use Specs Below and enter in most any combination of Manifold Specs 29 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions _ _ _ _ _ _ E S SSS e You can select the Pick an Example to be presented with a list of Example Manifold Specs much the same as clicking on the Get Example button It will then display the name of the Example Manifold specs you have selected The Type you choose has a large effect on how the Manifold section of this menu looks If you choose one of the Typical manifolds all Manifold specs will be disabled printed in gray and you can not change them If you choose Use Specs Below all specs will be printed in black
91. Is the Runner Diameter you will use for this runner in either the Intake or Exhaust System menu This value is initially loaded into this menu but you can change it if you want If the runner is primarily oval or rectangular use the Calc Runner Diameter calculation menu in the Intake or Exhaust System menu first to obtain an effective Runner Diameter Flow with Runner Once you have the maximum flow value for the head only Flow w o Runner install the manifold or header At exactly the same valve lift and test pressure repeat the test Your flow value should drop If it does not drop obviously you did not have an optimum entrance or exit adapter since the manifold you are now flowing is more optimum The Engine Analyzer should calculate a value for Calc Flow Efficiency of somewhere between 50 and 100 The larger the drop in flow between the head only and head plus manifold header the worse smaller the runner Flow Efficiency However like Valve Flow Efficiency a small runner which reduces flow considerable may have an excellent Flow Efficiency This means it is well designed for its size but its size is the restriction not its design If you enter a Flow with Runner which is greater than or equal to Flow w o Runner the Engine Analyzer simply calculates a maximum flow Efficiency of 100 104 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Notes When flow testing an intake manifold be sure the other runner
92. N V6 Format View Help HISTORY last cam TQ HP Baseline B a CP Lele Lele bool dt ave sasca Beene MA v3 0 Tq dail vs TEN stock Torque Horsepower p inertia tune Torque Horsepower Large HP improvement over Baseline at 8000 RPM 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500 RPM Engine TEE v3 0 HYDRPLN 6 Back File Format View Help HISTORY last cam TQ HP Baseline Te Gel EE fet Lele fed ed pefoh et ruven set scsed Engine Anayzor v3 0 T amp HP vs RPM Large HP improvement over Baseline at 8000 RPM 80 5000 5500 6000 7000 7500 8000 8500 g000 9500 RPM 202 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 64 Comparison of Optimum Inertia vs 3rd Pulse Tuning Runners Engine Analyzer v3 0 HYDRPLN Y 6 Back File Format View Help HISTORY last cam TQ HP Baseline lel E Ub eee elele befole tl ruven se sca Engine An 3rd pulse The intake runner Torque dimensions which i i Horsepower give optimum MEE resonance tuning Horsepower for the 3rd i reflected pulse produces more HP only at 8500 RPM At all other RPMs runners which produce optimum Inertia tuning perform better 25 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 g000 9500 RPM Figure 4 62 shows a comparison between the stock intake and one designed for optimum inertia tuning 9 9 x 1 68 runners Both Table 4 5 and Figure 4 62 show a significant i
93. PM under these conditions The Engine Analyzer automatically reduces retards Spark Adv if detonation spark knock or ping is likely You will see an following the Spark Adv value if it has been retarded You will also notice a HP and torque loss at RPMs where Spark Adv is retarded 79 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Safety Note You can not set your engine s spark advance curve based on the Engine Analyzer s Spark Adv calculations Details in combustion chamber design A F distribution cooling system design etc make predicting your engine s spark requirements impossible to predict accurately Special Calculations Valve Flow amp Cam Calculations Overlap Area deg sq in Figure 2 19 Overlap Area This is the overlap flow area in units of degree square inches These units can be illustrated using the example below Example If the Overlap Area was 4 it could mean that e A valve area of four square inches was open for one degree of crank rotation e A valve area of one square inch was open for four degrees of crank rotation e A valve area of 4 square inches was open for 10 degrees of crank rotation e Orany other combination which when multiplied together gives 4 The phrase valve area of X square inches was open means that a perfectly flowing hole measuring X square inches was present between the exhaust and intake port for 1 crank degree Perfectly flowing
94. Pk Effcy AORERE ER Turbine Nozzle Avg Street Strip ity es Use Specs Below EJ Wastegate Limit PSI Peak Efficiencs 60x Avg broad flow ran oE EFM a Peak E ffoleno Intercooler Eff 0 No Intercooler Pree Rato a Pk Effy Help 3 GPM ab Epi z Click on the down arrow button to select to either use Een ee sh Gest Els your Turbocharger specs let the program estimate Max Gate Pulles RPM s000 Turbocharger sper or to Pick on an z rul arger If you have picked Example Specs the Example name will appear here Belt Sarie 26 litercoole EH 0 No Intercooler EB Design Type This combo tells the program if any supercharger is installed and if so what type e No Supercharger e Turbocharger e Roots Supercharger e Centrifugal Supercharger 51 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Depending on your choice various sections of this menu will be enabled or disabled hidden or shown in Beginner User mode Turbocharger Select Turbocharger from the Design Type combo box in the upper left corner if the engine is equipped with a turbocharger which most engine builders are familiar with A turbocharger is basically a centrifugal compressor tied to a turbine which is driven by engine exhaust gases This will enable or display the Turbocharger Specs section of this menu Turbocharger Specs These specs describe the size and efficiency of the turbo
95. Providing additional scavenging vacuum from the exhaust was of little help e This example also illustrates that it may be beneficial to tune the intake to the RPM for desired peak HP Then tune the exhaust to a different RPM one where intake resonance tuning is reducing power That would be an RPM where In ResTunPrs was negative The overall effect would be a broader torque curve 205 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Conclusions e The Engine Analyzer s Analysis Report gives tips for improving performance e The Engine Analyzer allows you to simulate simple intake and exhaust tuning principles e Intake tuning generally has more impact on performance than exhaust tuning e The Starting Point Suggestions at the bottom of the Special Calculations section of the results give some ideas of intake and exhaust runner dimensions which may give good performance Note that you must try them in the program to determine which are best or if they work well with the rest of your engine combination 206 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Appendix 1 Accuracy and Assumptions Background The Engine Analyzer was developed as a e Learning aid for those who want to better understand internal combustion engines e Tool to help predict effects of certain engine modifications for engine builders racers and performance enthusiasts e Theoretical Dynamometer to allow anyone to try
96. RTICULAR PURPOSE NO ORAL OR WRITTEN STATEMENTS REPRESENTATIONS OR OTHER AFFIRMATION OF FACT INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO STATEMENTS REGARDING CAPABILITY CAPACITY SUITABILITY FOR USE OR PERFORMANCE OF SOFTWARE SHALL BE RELIED UPON BY USER OR BE DEEMED TO BE A WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION BY PERFORMANCE TRENDS INC FOR ANY PURPOSE OR GIVE RISE TO ANY LIABILITY OF OBLIGATION OF PERFORMANCE TRENDS INC WHATSOEVER USER ACCEPTS ALL RESPONSIBILITY FOR SELECTING THE SOFTWARE TO MEET USER NEEDS OR SPECIFIC PURPOSES PERFORMANCE TRENDS INC IS UNDER NO OBLIGATION TO FURNISH USER UPDATES OR ENHANCEMENTS EVEN IF FURNISHED TO OTHER USERS Continued on next page LIMITATION Of LIABILITY If at the time of delivery to the original User only there are any defects in the media on which the Software is provided User s sole and exclusive remedy shall be the replacement of any media returned to Performance Trends Inc within 90 days of the receipt of the Software by User or at Performance Trends Inc s sole option a refund of the License fees paid to Performance Trends Inc by User IN NO EVENT SHALL PERFORMANCE TRENDS INC OR THIRD PARTIES WHO HAVE RIGHTS IN THE SOFTWARE BE LIABLE TO USER FOR LOSS OF PROFITS INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES EVEN IF PERFORMANCE TRENDS INC IS AWARE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES IN THE EVENT ANY REMEDY HEREUNDER FAILS OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OR IN ANY OTHER EVENT PERFORMANCE TRENDS INC
97. Ratio would be the same for AMC 8 ee isa Vb i Sen Fn the exhaust you can just type in 37 for the Exhaust Heip Cancel Print Max Lobe Lift mw omanan N aot h tt tt tt ad Notice that since this is a solid lifter cam the Intake and Exhaust Lash at Valve are now printed in black and have become enabled not printed in gray or disabled Type in 026 and 028 for the lash numbers Your menu should now look like Figure 4 30 171 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 30 Cam Valve Train Menu for Solid Roller Cam General Cam Specs Total Cam Advance 0 Straight Up YPE Use Specs in this Menu E Lifter profile Type Agar Solid Roller Lift for Rating Events Malve Train Intake Exhaust Centerline deg ATDC Centerline deg BTDC Advertised Duration Advertised Duration Max Lobe Lift in Max Lobe Lift in 37 cia Lash at Valve in Lash at Valve in Rocker Arm Ratio Rocker Arm Ratio Calculated Cam Specs Help Ratio of valve lift to tappet lift uusually 1 3 1 8 for rocker arm systems For direct acting systems enter 1 p48 Lobe Separation Intake Gross Valve Lift in Exhaust Gross Valve Lift in Engine Analyzer v3 0 Performance Trends ESA Y IE Note Valve G PkTa Ava PRAP Avg Section 233217 Test Summary FAT and History Log Brake HP I E both
98. Section 1 5 Moving around in the menus and changing specs Section 2 0 2 7 Calculate Performance Section 2 8 Examples Section 2 10 Graphing Options Section 3 3 Example 4 1 will be fairly simple to get you started You will answer a fairly common question What do I do if I don t know some particular specs about my engine You will go through a process of building an engine knowing hardly more than the cubic inches and number of cylinders For this example you will assume you have a 97 Ford Escort ZX2 4 valve overhead cam OHC 2 0L inline 4 cylinder Ford rates the engine at 127 ft Ibs at 4250 RPM and 130 HP at 5750 RPM 1 Start With an Engine Close to Yours from the Engine Library First start the Engine Analyzer program following the procedure in Section 1 4 by either e Clicking on the Engine Analyzer v3 0 icon in the Perf Trends program group Windows 3 1 e Clicking on Start Programs Perf Trends then Engine Analyzer v3 0 Windows 95 e Clicking on the EA EXE EA program under the EA30 directory folder under the PERFTRNS PTI directory folder using File Manager Windows Explorer Terms in parentheses are for Windows 95 You will be shown the Engine Analyzer s Main Screen as shown in Figure 4 1 Because you are new to the program or new to engines be sure the program is in Beginner User mode Click on Preferences at the top of the Main Screen to see if there is a check mark by Beginner User If there is not cl
99. Short Block specs you have picked 15 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions The Type you choose has a large effect on how this menu looks If you choose Use Specs Below all specs will be printed in black and you can change them to most any number you want If you have chosen an example the specs which relate directly to the example will be displayed in blue or hidden if you are in Beginner User mode Should you choose to change any of these blue specs a notice is given that changing any spec related to the example will change the Type from the example name to the general name of Use Specs Below The example name is a handy reminder of what the specs in this menu represent so you may not want to change any of these blue spec settings Bore inches The diameter of the cylinder measured in inches Click on the Cle button to calculate a Bore to produce a certain Cubic Inches for a given Stroke and of Cylinders See Section 2 9 1 Stroke inches The distance the piston travels from TDC top dead center to BDC bottom dead center measured in inches Click on the Cle button to calculate a Stroke to produce a certain Cubic Inches for a given Bore and of Cylinders See Section 2 9 2 Of Cylinders Figure 2 5 Illustration of Rod Length in The number of cylinders for the engine For example for a V 8 this number is 8 for a single cylinder engine this number would be 1 Rod Length in The di
100. Stage or Dual Stage The Nitrous Oxide specs in this section describe the amount of nitrous oxide a system can deliver Most nitrous systems are rated for the HP increase they can deliver in a properly tuned engine The Engine Analyzer makes 3 major simplifying assumptions concerning nitrous oxide injection e Jet sizes are proper for correct A F and good nitrous and fuel distribution e Nitrous is injected as a liquid and only a portion vaporizes on the way to the cylinder There is little displacement of the air which would normally enter the engine under non nitrous conditions e Nitrous increases the burn rate reducing the required spark advance You can not use the Engine Analyzer to design nitrous systems but only to estimate performance improvements Select the type which describes the system you are using Various portions of the Nitrous Oxide Specs menu become enabled and disabled depending on your choice here If you select None all Nitrous Oxide specs are disabled set to gray and you are not able to change them because they have no effect on the calculations 66 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 1st Stage HP Rating Manufacturer s HP rating of the Ist stage of the nitrous oxide system If you are using a 1 stage system this is the full HP rating of this type of system 1st Stage Starting RPM RPM where injection from the 1st stage starts 2nd Stage Added HP Manufacturer s HP rat
101. The average flow coefficient should not be confused with Intake or Exhaust Flow Efficiencies in the cylinder Head s input specs Intake or Exhaust Flow Efficiency applies only to one particular valve lift L D 25 and the flow at that lift The average flow coefficient applies to all valve lifts encountered for a particular cam profile the portion of time at each lift and the flow potential at each lift for the entire head Technically the calculation of flow coefficient can vary significantly with the choice of valve opening and closing points The lower the lift points chosen the lower the flow coefficient The Engine 81 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Analyzer uses a relatively low lift of 003 at the valve to calculate average flow coefficient Therefore average flow coefficients calculated by the Pro are likely to be less than average flow coefficients from other sources Figure 2 20 Illustration of Total Avg Flow Coef Valve Flow Profile for Perfect Camshaft and Perfect Port FLOW COEF 1 0 at max lift Valve Flow Profile for Typical Camshaft and Perfect Port FLOW COEF 1 0 at max lift Valve Flow Profile for Typical Camshaft and Typical Port FLOW COEF 5 at max ea 1 0 Flow 0 0 Intake Opening Intake Closing Flow Coef is similar to VALVE FLOW COEF AVG FLOW COEF area typical ca ort ow area under perfect cam port flow profile area A area A are
102. Total Cam Advance 1 0 fead See Specs button to Lifter profile Type mi Hyd Roller see screen below Type Use Specs in this Menu Valve Train Pushrod Rockr rm produ Lift for Rating Events 050 inches T No i See Specs Intake Centerline d ATDC 116 Enter the values you want to use at and above the Variable Valve Timing VYT Specs for C RPM to Change to Final Values input in lower left Final Exhaust C Starting Change IMEE These are the settings from Centerline deg ATDC Centerline deg the original Cam Specs Duration 050 i 202 38 Duration 050 screen shown for Open 050 BTDC Open 05 Thi s column shows the Change mna Ual oiei Close 09 difference between the Starting Max Lobe Lift in Value and the Final Value Final Intake Cam Profile Your choice here determines which specs are anna enables on this screen General VVT Enter the RPM at which the program Type UKA Specs Above should switch from the specs on the RPM to Change to Final Values 5000 oriainal Cam Specs screen to these VVT Total Cam Advance deg 1 0Retad w banae Lobe Separation cam deg Click here for more details on how this screen works no chang OK Help Print Copy Int to Exh Copy Exh to Int Copy Starting to Final A Bigger Engine Analyzer Plus v3 4 1987 Ford Mustang 5 0L 302 EFI Stock Engine Analyzer Plus v3 4 1987 Ford b 5 0L 92
103. _Stan_ Weiss_World_Wide_Enterpriseg the file you ve highlighted My Computer Std Head File extensions to look for pte les of type Head Files dfw flu I Open as read only This screen shows a comparison summary between new file selected and the existing head on your current engine shown in left column Current Setting New Setting Intake Summary 2 x 1 457 dia valves 325 0 CFM 700 lift 28 0 Exhaust Summary Intake Port Yolume ccs Intake Port Diameter inches Intake Port Length inches If the file included port volume Weiss files only you can choose to use the current Port Length for calculating Avg Port Dia or choose to enter your own port length Comments Click here to i File 47 Cobra CNC M2 Race Systems iss amp Alum_1241_Stan_Weiss_World_Wide_ import these JEnterprises_ Kevin Gertgen dfw Note Bore Size 3 575 4 Cobra CNC M2 Race Systems Alum Stan Weiss 243 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Figure A 12 Importing Head Files from Performance Trends Port Flow Analyzer Plus Version Only Open Port Flow Analyzer Test Fil You get this screen by clicking on the Load Files ennie from Port Flow Analyzer button shown in Fig A Black Box i SA SFE00 10 This screen is very similar to the File Open BRODE IOK screen in your Port Flow Analyzer Use it to Example SB Chevy on SF 300 choose the file you want to load xample evy on s p E
104. a B area C1 area C2 Total Exh Int This is the percentage ratio of total exhaust flow area to intake flow area It is calculated as Total Exh Int Exhaust Viv Area deg sg in x 100 Intake VIv Area deg sq in 82 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Rules of thumb state that the exhaust port does not produce significant power losses until the exhaust flow potential falls below 75 of the intake flow potential For supercharged or nitrous oxide engines this percent should increase to approximately 85 Lobe Area inch deg Is the estimated area ofthe Figure 2 21 Definition of Lobe Area cam lift profile measured eee in in tappet lift x cam inch degrees degrees See Figure 2 21 Tappet Lift in inches Lash at Tappet Base Circle Cam Degrees Lobe Separation deg Is the separation between the intake and exhaust lobe centerlines in camshaft degrees The Engine Analyzer assumes the centerline half way between the opening and closing events or that the cam is symetrical You would have to double this value to obtain lobe separation in crankshaft degrees Viv Area deg sq in Is the valve opening flow area in units of degree square inches similar units to Overlap Area deg sq in This value represents the total effective flow area available for the intake or exhaust valves while they are open not just when both are open It is calculated from the valve lift curve a
105. affected by the cam In the cases shown here all are over 90 which is much higher than the typically recommended 75 In this case it is pointing out that the intake cam profile should probably be larger or the intake valve and port possibly the intake manifold runner should flow better The proper selection of cam profile can make up for a poor flowing intake or exhaust port e Viv Area the flow area through the valves increases with larger cam profiles making the point that it is the combination of the valve and port with the cam profile which determines how much air can flow through the engine Table 4 2 Comparison or Cam Results ee a e eee eee eee eee E ae eooo Dynamic Comp Ratio Theo Crank Comprssn Est Idle Vacuum Pe ees Rete ed Pn Rec Inertia Len for 4000 RPM Conclusions e The Engine Analyzer lets you input cam specs in several different ways making it easy to compare cams from different cam grinders e Cam timing affects nearly every aspect of engine performance e The Engine Analyzer s detailed output lets you see several ways engine performance can change and lets you investigate why performance has changed e The History Log provides a convenient way to track your changes without having to make notes on paper or printing out each performance run e The History Log provides a convenient way to pick from and label up to 25 past tests to graph 178 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine
106. air cleaner on individual runner fuel injection or carburetion For individual runner carb systems the runner length actually extends through the carb and through any velocity stack or air horn e Any point where a runner from one cylinder merges with a runner from another cylinder Again for the Exhaust Runner Diameter it is usually best to simply subtract 1 from exhaust header tubing OD to estimate their inside runner diameters rather than use this calculation menu Port Runner Volume CCs Is the volume of liquid required to fill the port or runner in cubic centimeters For a cylinder head this is a common spec head manufacturers quote For an intake you will likely have to measure this yourself This measurement does not require the precision of CC ing combustion chambers That s because for most intake or exhaust manifolds there is no clear distinction where the runner ends Cover the manifold to head mounting surface with a plate or heavy tape Tip the manifold so you can pour in liquid from a graduated cylinder or other measuring device through the carb or exhaust pipe opening Fill until you believe the liquid is to the abrupt enlargement defined above Port Width in The average width of the port or runner along its entire length in inches This can usually be estimated at the end of the port or runner at the cylinder head manifold header mating surface 97 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2
107. air per hour per horsepower BSAC is a measure of how efficiently the air is being used to produce power at the crankshaft A good BSAC is in the range of 5 0 to 5 5 near the torque peak RPM 75 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Friction HP Is the engine s friction horsepower This is the HP required to overcome all the rubbing mechanical friction of the internal moving parts bearings rings etc oil pump water pump and to drive any accessories including the HP to drive a belt driven supercharger if any Note The friction calculated here is not the same as the friction measured during a dynamometer test where the engine is motored over by the dynamometer Motoring HP from a dynamometer will be higher since it includes the pumping work the power required to ingest and expel air through the engine Mach The 1979 SAE Society of Automotive Engineers paper An Analysis of the Volumetric Efficiency Characteristics of 4 Stroke Cycle Engines Using the Mean Inlet Mach Number Mim 790484 by Fukutani and Watanabe is the basis of this calculation It was an extension of the Mach Index characteristic first identified in the 1940s by C F Taylor and co workers from MIT The Internal Combustion Engine In Theory and Practice C F Taylor 1985 MIT Press These papers state that an engine s air flow potential per cycle volumetric efficiency depends on its average intake flow coefficient intake valve
108. ak 194 New Browse button lets you more conveniently pick a file name and folder for your ASCII file The program will also remember this information for the next time you write a file Larger box for file name Plus Version has Include Special Calcu lations option w Saye as ASCII File ASCII File Options Comma Separated Convert to Columns X Include Special Calculations File Name Brows C AVB98 projectsB EASO KEVIN TXT Save File Cancel Tip Enter a valid file name and path if you want to save ASCII file If just a file name is given the file is saved to the Engine Analyzer directory Refer to page 98 and 102 in User s Manual for definitions of Options At the top of the Calculated Results click on File for the screen shown in the lower left P KEVIN TXT Notepad Int_Vacuun Vol_Eff_ Actual_CFH Fuel_Flow A F_Mix_Qal Friction_HP Mach_ Piston_Spd Piston_Gs Overlap_ UE Int_AvgUel In_InertiaPrs In_ResTunPrs Ex_AugWel ExTun_Prs Lifter_Pump U Spark_Ad Sp cial Calculations 3666 2186 126 8 Here s the file created with the options shown in the screen in the lower left corner opened up in Windows Notepad This file could be easily printed or emailed to a friend to show Engine Analyzer raciilte Note that this file includes the Special Calculations Valve Flow amp Cam Calculations Overlap Area sq in deg Total Exh Int Lobe Separation deg 1
109. alc HP F2 Preferences Help F1 o lt _ _ __F Command buttons to Save or Open Engine Specs Engine Summary an engine file Short Block User Specified 8 cyl 4 bore x 3 stroke 301 59 cid calculate Heady i gd 1 1 78 int 1 1 45 exh valves performance Compression Prtio 8 5 Total Chamber Volume 82 4 ccs etc User Specified Du amp kQlane carb s manifold ___ intake System User Specified b s User Specified Traui Exhaust System User Specified User Specified Mild Hyd Flat camshaft Com ave Tuun Int 202 dur 116 C L Exh 202 dur 114 CAX 050 inches lift i Supercharger No Tubo or Superch i This area gives Supercharger o I urbo of supercharger a general description or r summary of Comments Move moupe over an item for a 1985 Production Ford 302 HO 4 barrel carb each of the 6 description o be given in the Help Factory rated at 270 ft Ibs 3200 210 HP 4400 f frame at the lower left comer Specs reflect vehicle installation menus O Click on He p in menu line for Save Engine to Library Calculate Performance Rugning Conditions more detailel info on options Specs which make up an annina Enter comments to describe engine Click here to display Running Conditions weather fuel nitrous etc and then calculate performance Move mouse over an area and a description of the item is given here C Performance Trends Inc 1998
110. alculated Baca chase an a F value click on Use Calc Value If the seen calculated value is within expected limits it will be loaded into the original menu If you Use Calc Value click on Cancel you will be returned to the original menu with the original value unchanged If you click on Help you will be given a general explanation of calculation menus and a page in this section for more information about the particular menu you are using If you click on Print you can print this menu on your printer with some comment you can enter The input values or calculated values in any calculation menu have NO affect on calculated performance unless you load the Calculated value into the original menu If you already know a spec in the form required by the program then you have no need to use the calculation menu For example if you know the Compression Ratio is 10 3 you have no need to use a calculation menu to calculate Compression Ratio based on Gasket Thickness Piston Dome CCs etc 91 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions a a ae a a a Example You are working with a particular engine Assume you want to calculate the Avg Port Diameter for the intake manifold runner menu for a new manifold You click on the Clc button for Runner Diameter and are shown the Calculation Menu shown in Figure 2 40 Note that all inputs are blank except Runner Length which is copied from the curre
111. all This Program View Drag Racing Analyzer Brochure Drag Race Analyzer Pro Brochure 4 Link Calculator Brochure Practice Tree Brochure lol x r Data Logger Programs Install This Program View Drag Race DataMite Brochure Road Race DataMite Brochure DataMite System Sp gt Brochure Install This Program View Roll Center Calculator Brochure Circle Track Analyzer Brochure Suspension Analyzer Brochure Trans Gear Calculator Brochure Lap Segment Timer Brochure Click here to install f you purchased a prog Circle Track Road Race Tools ___ Other Products Install This Program View Fuel Economy Calculator Brochure r Upcoming Products Install This Program View Circle Track Log Book Brochure Inertia Calculator Brochure Valve Coil Spring Tester Brochure stall it as described on your installation sheet You can install any of our other programs here as demos to see their features of the SETUP program For most users just click on OK for each question asked to accept the default answers suggested by the Setup program Once you have installed the Engine Analyzer there should be an Engine Analyzer icon on your desktop You can also click on Start lower left corner of desktop then All Programs then find the Perf Trends program group then Engine Analyzer v3 4 Entering Registered Owner s Name During your f
112. alve Diameter in Intake Port Specs earlier in this chapter Flow Efficiency See Flow Efficiency in Intake Port Specs earlier in this chapter Note Generally exhaust valves have better Flow Efficiencies by about 5 This does not mean the exhaust flows more air because the exhaust valve is generally smaller It means the exhaust flows better for the size valve it is This may be because the exhaust flows out of the cylinder or because the smaller valve is less shrouded by the bore Important Plus version adds the ability to include a full flow curve 26 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 27 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 28 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 2 4 Intake System The intake system specs affect intake tuning restrictions manifold heating fuel metering and fuel mixture quality See Appendixes 5 and 6 for new features added in v3 2 and v3 4 Figure 2 8 Intake System Menu Intake System Manifold Specs 1 runner cyl Catburetttorr s rane Type lie Specstelow E CFM Ratin Manifold Type DusiPanecati e eain soo lgd Runner Diameter in isi Cid Vacuum Secondaries ves 2 Hel Runner Length in amare down arrow button to either let program estimate typical specs to use your own specs or to Flow Efficiency Cid Pick an Example set of Intake Manifold specs
113. an error in the calculations Your phone call may help us correct it Please also read the Warranty and Warning at the beginning of this manual and on the diskette envelope C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 1 Introduction 1 4 Getting Started Installation You must install the Engine Analyzer from the website or distribution CD to a hard drive before it will run To do this from a CD simply install the CD in your CDRom drive and the Performance Trends Installation Wizard should automatically start allowing you to install the Engine Analyzer and demos of any of our other products If the CD does not auto run then click on Start then Run then Browse and find your CD drive Then look for SETUP EXE on the CD and run it to run the Installation Wizard If you want to bypass the wizard go into the Programs folder and run the Engine Analyzer 34 exe file Follow the instructions Figure 1 0 Installation Wizard ES Performance Trends Installation Wizard Install This Program View Engine Analyzer Brochure Brochure Brochure Engine Analyzer Plus Engine Analyzer Pro Engine Building ools Install This Program View Comp Ratio Calculator _ Brochure Brochure Brochure Brochure Brochure Brochure Cam Analyzer Port Flow Analyzer Swirl Meter Tumble Fixture Fuel Inj Calculator Engine Performance Programs Drag Racing Tools Inst
114. and tm or the original GMC 6 71 A Roots compressor looks more like a typical engine oil pump where a volume of gas is trapped and then forced into the intake manifold The advantage of an ideal Roots supercharger is that a relatively constant boost level can be maintained from low RPM to high RPM However the disadvantages of the Roots supercharger include 56 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions SSS aaa a a eee e Higher internal friction due to large seals rubbing on surfaces e Internal leakage reduces boost at lower RPM e Lower thermal efficiency than a centrifugal supercharger Type This combo lets you describe the source of the specs used in this menu e You can select the Use Specs in this Menu and enter in most any combination of Roots Supercharger specs e You can pick the Pick an Example to be presented with a list of Example Roots Supercharger much the same as clicking on the Get Example button It will then display the name of the Example Roots Supercharger specs you have picked The Type you choose has a large effect on how this menu looks If you choose Use Specs Below all specs will be printed in black and you can change them to most any number you want If you have chosen an example the specs which relate directly to the example will be displayed in blue or hidden if you are in Beginner User mode Should you choose to change any of these blue specs a notice is given that chang
115. ange the Type from the example name to the general name of Use Specs Below The example name is a handy reminder of what the specs in this menu represent so you may not want to change any of these blue spec settings CFM Rating Is the vehicle exhaust system and muffler restriction rating and describes the design of the exhaust system It is very similar to a carb or throttle body Total CFM Rating in the Intake System Specs menu The CFM Rating is measured in CFM Cubic Feet per Minute maintaining a 1 5 Hg inches of mercury or 20 4 inches of water pressure drop across the entire exhaust system Exhaust system flow data is becoming more common in magazine articles and performance how to books However the pressure drop used for doing the flow tests may not be 20 4 If not use the following formula to obtain CFM flows corrected to 20 4 CFM 20 4 CFM XX x 204 XX Where XX is the actual test pressure in inches of water 40 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Also if they flow each side of the exhaust system separately simply add the two CFM values obtained For example a magazine article says the right side of a particular exhaust system flows 270 CFM at 28 water First convert 270 CFM 28 to CFM at 20 4 CFM 20 4 270 hoa 270 854 230 CFM 28 Second add left and right side flows together to obtain total exhaust system flow assuming the left flows equal to the
116. ar erase History Print Help Name which will Ta N S ie eefa A ae appear in graph EIET Cam P 272 at 300 217 at 4500 rq PP grap Hydraulic Cam 257 at 400 221 at 5000 legend Click here Stock Cam 268 at 300 219 at 4500 to cha nge it 302 4v Sun Oct 11 98 2 48 pm DPM 268 at 300 219 at 4500 302 4v Sun Oct 11 98 2 44 pm ak at 4500 302 4v Sun Oct 1198 2 43 pm dy 2 G G Click here to graph 302 4v Sun Oct 11 98 2 35 pm WZ IN a at 350 225a at 5000 302 4v Sun Oct 11 98 2 34 pm Ay 2 273 at 350 227 at 5000 other tests 351 gt40 Sun Oct 11 98 2 33 pm 351 MOZ 2 33 D 343 at 350 262 at 4500 351 gt40 Sun Oct 11 98 2 32 pm 351 gt40 2 32 pm 343 at 350 262 at 4500 Click here to 4v Sun Oct 11 98 2 22 pm 302 ae 2 22 pm 276 at 350 216 at 4500 z graph tests ick on Test Title 1st column to change it or to retrieve specs which produced those results Click in other columns for definitions A one Graph Options With the graphs of Figure 4 32 on the screen click on History in the Menu Bar You will get the History Log as shown in Figure 4 33 In the Graph column click on Stock Cam and Hydraulic Cam Then click on Graph These Tests to produce the graph of Figure 4 34 This graph shows that the Solid Roller and the Stock Cam show about the same trends and the Hydraulic cam looses a lot of low RPM torque but does gain some higher RPM HP Figures 4 34 through 4 37 show some of the graphing options Click on the Valve Lift Graph button
117. arger and the program will estimate the specs This is useful when you can not find an Example close to your turbo and you do not know your turbo s specs e You can select the Use Specs Below and enter in most any combination of Turbo Specs e You can pick the Pick an Example to be presented with a list of Example Turbo Specs much the same as clicking on the Get Example button It will then display the name of the Example Turbo specs you have picked The Type you choose has a large effect on how the Turbo section of this menu looks If you choose one of the Typical turbos all Turbo specs will be disabled printed in gray and you can not change them If you choose Use Specs Below all specs will be printed in black and you can change them to most any number you want If you have chosen an example the specs which relate directly to the example will be displayed in blue In Beginner User mode disabled specs or specs printed in blue are hidden Should you choose to change any of these blue specs a notice is given that changing any spec related to the example will change the Type from the example name to the general name of Use Specs Below The example name is a handy reminder of what the specs in this menu represent so you may not want to change any of these blue spec settings Peak Efficiency Is the highest thermal efficiency on the compressor map in percent The highest efficiency will occur in the center of the island Typical values ran
118. atio of 1 4 which is 485 valve lift for the 1 94 valve To obtain the optimum air flow for the bare head it is necessary to install a radiused inlet adapter on the bare head s intake port Set up the test condition of 28 test pressure and 485 lift with the adapter The flow reads 201 CFM Leave all settings as is and remove the adapter You will note the flow falls to 191 CFM when you adjust the test pressure back to 28 It may be necessary to shut down the flow bench between readings to avoid overheating Now install the intake manifold without the carb or throttle body Be sure all openings in the manifold other than carb throttle body opening are sealed This includes all runners not being tested vacuum ports EGR openings etc Adjust the test pressure back to 28 and you obtain a reading of 194 CFM Note that the head and intake flow better than just the bare head without the adapter 191 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Table 4 3 Flow Test Results Valve Lift Bare head no adapter Bare head optimum adapter Head and intake Now start up the Engine Analyzer program Open a new copy of the 302 4V file by clicking on the Engine Library button Calculate performance to obtain baseline performance with the production head and intake manifold Now we ll calculate the new head Port Diameter and Valve Flow Effcy and intake manifold Runner Diameter and Runner Flow Efficiency Click o
119. ation Menu See Section 2 9 9 47 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Lash Valve in Identifies the lash or clearance in inches between the valve tip and its actuator generally the rocker arm If you have specified a hydraulic Lifter profile Type this spec is disabled Notes The Engine Analyzer assumes the lash you enter here is the lash the cam was designed for You need the Pro version to set a lash different than what the cam was designed for Rocker Arm Ratio Identifies the ratio between tappet lift and valve lift Generally rocker arm ratios vary between 1 3 to 2 0 For valve trains with no rocker arms for example overhead cam systems with directing acting tappets enter 1 See Figure 2 14 The Pro assumes the ratio is constant although actual rocker arm ratios vary slightly with valve lift Figure 2 14 Various Valve Train Designs amp Estimated Rocker Arm Ratios Pushrod End Pivot Direct Acting Overhead Valve Overhead Cam Overhead Cam R A R 1 3 1 7 R A R 1 3 1 7 R A R 1 0 48 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Exhaust Centerline deg ATDC Duration 050 Max Lobe Lift in Actual Lash Valve in Rocker Arm Ratio Definitions for these specs are the same as for the Intake cam described previously Calculated Cam Specs Lobe Separation cam deg Is the separation between the intake and exhaust centerlines in cam not
120. ative Overlap VE is reported primarily to show scavenging effects due to tuning or turbo supercharging For example if intake and exhaust tuning pressures should provide for good scavenging but Overlap Area is small Overlap VE will be small also With good scavenging Overlap VE should be in the range of 5 to 10 77 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Int AvgVel Is the calculated average flow velocity of the intake charge in the intake runner A performance trade off exists between high and low runner velocity Low flow velocities give little restriction to flow but posses little inertia High flow velocities show higher flow restriction but also posses higher inertia to continue filling the cylinder after the piston has crossed BDC Sources vary greatly when recommending average intake flow velocities which give maximum volumetric efficiency torque peak One source recommends only 80 to 180 ft sec another as high as 270 330 ft sec Most recommendations fall between 150 to 250 ft second However highly successful race designs have run as high as 400 ft sec and higher Obviously there is no one optimum runner velocity The Engine Analyzer bases optimum runner velocity on runner length Long runners give best volumetric efficiency at low runner velocities since high velocities in long runners can be a restriction Short runners can tolerate higher velocities For typical runner lengths the Engin
121. ay not be familiar to you However the first three rows do look familiar e RPM e Brk Tq e Brake HP If you look at these rows you see a maximum or peak Brk Tq of 268 ft lbs at 3000 and 3500 RPM and a maximum or peak HP of 219 HP at 4500 RPM If you look in the upper right corner you see a Summary of the Current and Last performance including the Avg Tq and Avg HP for these runs Boy it sure is easier and cheaper than dyno testing C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 1 Introduction Figure 1 4 Calculated Results with Help Definition Click h Engine Analyzer v3 0 Performance Trends 302 4 S ICK NETE OF a Back Graph Print View SendToYehProgram File Analyze Help F1 press the F1 key Ie Notes Summary Piston speed somewhat high PETA a a Gal for general help Spark Knock Click on Notes for details New Last 268 236 219 161 on what your 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 __ options are at 240 253 262 268 268 264 255 2235 O this point in the Brake HP 68 5 965 125 153 178 20 299 214 program Int Vacuum j Definitions of Results z By clicking on a Actual CFM of Brake Tq 184 at 5500 RPM bot number in the results an explanation and 4 You may may to click on the OK button twice or simply i definition is Friction HP press the lt space bar gt key given including a Piston Spd__ 7 page number in Piston Gs this manual for Overlap ZVE more information Int Avg
122. be separation Program will change c both centerlines the Eein same amount to keep the Total Cam Advance or Retard the same 247 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Figure A 16 New Features for Picking Example Components Many Especially for Cams Several Examples are NOT shown because they do not meet the criteria you set in the Show Only Examples Fitting These Limits section described below Plus Version shows Ramp Ratings for Cams if available Examples cae ec a Lift Lifter Profile Valve Train Center Dur Lobe Lift Valve Rocker Ramp Source Comments Line Lash Ratio Rating If you right click on a Cam you have picked which will be highlighted in blue as shown here several calculated parameters for that cam are shown 108 220 na 1 5 329 PN 54 416 11 160 116 224 na 15 337 Ceman ST pe eG Cea O oo o E yo oor Chev TR 220 114 LSx 050 SpHydRol PRA imp 110 220 0 327 Intake 327 x 1 7 5559 exh 118 220 0 327 Exhaust 327 x 1 7 5559 Chev MTI STEALTH 1 LSx 050 SpHydRol P RA imp 117 220 0 342 Lobe Separation 112 0 exh 113 220 0 342 3 Chev CC XR273HR 12 54 416 11 LSx 050 SpHydRol P RA imp 110 220 0 313 1 7 Comp Cams 54 416 exh 114 224 0 315 17 Chev LPE GT8 LSx i SpHydRol P RA imp 114 220 0 332 1 Lingenfelter Perforrr exh 114 226 0 335 1 7 am Abreviations BIR Blue Racer CC Comp Cams Lun Lunati e Click a Example jo highlight t Pi
123. below or after the carburetor to limit power for special classes of racing Chances are if you do not know what a restrictor plate is you would choose No here Restrictor Holes The total holes in the restrictor plate which all engine air must pass through If Restrictor Plate Installed is set to No this value is disabled dimmed to gray and ignored Hole Diameter in The diameter of each hole in the restrictor plate in inches If Restrictor Plate Installed is set to No this value is disabled dimmed to gray and ignored Design Improved This spec has to do with how the orifice plate is mounted and what type of transition pieces can be installed on top and below the plate A plate with no transition pieces and several inches between the carb and the restrictor plate would be called 0 improved Where class rules allow the plate may be sandwiched between transition pieces which can greatly improve flow This could be called 100 improved See Figure 2 46 If Restrictor Plate Installed is set to No this value is disabled dimmed to gray and ignored 107 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Figure 2 38 Examples of Restrictor Plate Design Improved 0 25 75 95 Improved Improved Improved Improved Vt T IY RA Plate Spacer Throttle Bore Plate mounted Plate mounted Plate mounted Plate mounted after spacer directly to after tapered between tapered larger than carb
124. bench testing Calc Runner Flow Effcy Calc Runner Flow Effcy Calculate performance for the 302 4V with the new head and intake manifold Remember the exhaust side of the head is unchanged Figure 4 57 is a graph for these results compared to the Stock 302 4V It shows that below 3000 RPM the stock head and intake manifold perform better but over 3000 RPM the new Flow Tested intake port and valve and intake manifold are far superior Peak HP has increased from 219 at 4500 to 257 at 5500 Flow Data Head Only Test Pressure Water it Valves Cylinder Valve Diameter in Valve Lift Tested in Flow wo Runner CFM Flow Data with 1 Runner Runner Diameter in Flow with 1 Runner CFM Notes Enter flow data for 1 1 940 diameter Intake valve at a valve lift from 400 to 550 For Flow with Runner enter flow obtained at the same lift with the 1 runner attached to head Use Calc Value 193 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 56 Intake System Menu for Flow Tested Head and Manifold Intake System Manifold Specs 1 runner cyl f na e Use Use Specs Below 000 Use Specs Below 000 TES Manifold Design Dual Plane carbls Plane Dual Plane carbls EEH Sas ves E Runner Diameter in es e A Yes z Han serene aaa Runner Length in Click on down arrow button to let program estimate typical specs
125. ce Trends 2003 Ford DOHC 4 6L Cobra Stock File engine Calc HP Preferences Help Reg To Kevin Gertgen Ne Open Example Engine from Performance Trends ulate Performance Quit ee Open One of My Saved Engines Ctri 0 Save Engine File Ctrl S mary Save As Engine File Ctrl A yl 3 552 bore x 3 543 stroke 280 87 cid Tesalio wlat 1 46 int 2 1 26 exh valves Save to Floppy Disk 8 5 Total Chamber Volume 76 7 ccs Import Individual Engine Files ingle Plenum EFI manifold Import All Files from E A v3 0 83 CFM Throttle Body s 3 7 treamlined manifolds Print Main Screen DO CFM Exhaust System Print Blank Worksheet id Hyd Roller camshaft Windows Printer Setup L Exh 196 dur 111 C L 050 inches lift Unlock Program Roots Supercharger Exit Proglam Ctrl g EEF aaa Demo nroaram can now he easilv unlocked from Main Screen Help ore rere reese eres erenrererrs emea Windows Printer Setup now available from Main fr a jee mo Commands to Open From and Save To floppy drive makes it easy to transfer vehicle files from one computer to another 233 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Figure A3 Optimize Screen to Have Program Try Hundreds of Combinations Automaticall to Find the Best One Fa Engine Analyzer Plus v3 2 Performance Trends File engine Cale HP Preferences Engine Library Optimizing Specs Adjust This Help Save Engine to Library
126. ch produced these Click on Test Title and you are asked if you want results to retrieve the specs which produced these results Answer Yes and the specs are retrieved Click on No to edit Test Title Answer No and you can then change the Test Title This is useful for making notes about this Yes particular run modifications you made etc 143 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output Figure 3 21 History Log from the Graph Screen Test History Bg en These Tests aa apine EBIERE Han History Print Help Test ee taco Tie SavenPosk Ta Avg MPeskHP _ Avg HPR m chev y Wed Oct 7 98 1 52 pm JEZ chev y 1 52 467 at 5000 537 at 6500 355 chev y Wed Oct 7 98 12 15pm Yes 355 chev y 12 15 550 at 4500 576 at 6000 355 chev y Wed Oct 7 98 8 51 am Yes 355 chev y 8 51 550 at 4500 576 at 6000 302 efi Wed Oct 7 98 8 40 am Yes 302 efi 8 40 am 326 at 3500 260 at 5000 302 efi Wed Oct 7 98 8 40 am 302 efi 8 40 am 310 at 3500 241 at 5000 302 efi Wed Oct 7 98 8 39 am 302 efi 8 39 am 306 at 3500 238 at 5000 Se eit wed Oat 798 8 39 am a efi 2 2 am 300 at 2m 229 at 4500 Click on Test Title 1 st kil to change it or to retrieve specs which produced hae me Click in other columns for definitions Graph Click in this column to have a Yes inserted or removed All test rows with a Yes will be graphed if you click on Graph These Tests in the menu bar This column is only visible in the History Log displayed in
127. change it or to retrieve specs which produced those results Click in other columns for definitions History Log NENNM OR Ow Since boost is coming on so quickly with the Wastegate controlling boost at 2000 RPM perhaps a small turbo is too small Repeat the calculation with the Turbocharger Type set to Estimate a Medium Turbo Calculate performance and look at the History Log as shown in Figure 4 40 The History Log shows performance improved significantly CFM has increased to 623 and Fuel Flow to 216 at 6000 Perhaps now a larger carb would help performance or you may need a larger fuel pump For steady running performance the medium size turbo appears to be a much better choice than the small turbo However the Engine Analyzer does not simulate turbo lag Smaller turbos are faster responding which may be better for street performance and throttle response Figure 4 41 show s a graph of the Medium Turbo vs the Small Turbo For all turbo cases Spark Adv has been severely retarded to avoid detonation See what a higher Octane fuel would do At the Running Conditions menu change Octane from 87 to 94 then recalculate performance You will still see Spark Adv retarded but not as much Rename this test in the History Log 94 Octane Overplot the 94 Octane results with the previous 87 Octane results as shown in Figure 4 42 182 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 41 Graph of Smal
128. change lackground color or to switch to Valve Lift vs Crank Degrees graph Click on Last to Engine ee v3 0 MY 2x2 2 0L also show the Back File ormat View Help la cam TQ HP last perform fd Be EE Jey view ance run the Typical Stock Horsepower OHC cam shown in Figure 4 19 You can also click here or here to produce a graph of Valve Lift vs Crank Degrees shown in Figure 4 20 6 0 i i i i 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 RPM Figure 4 19 shows a comparison of the Figure 4 19 Comparing Last Test Typ Stock OHC Cam Typical Stock HO m File Format View TN C ee OHC cam to the Tl Wil eee o e Typical Stock OHC Engine Analyzer v3 0 Tq amp HP vs RPM current cam You can see the Bee hrern HO cam continually i i i l i i i last results shows more torque and i i i i i i i irene Ore HP as RPM increases and the HP peaks at a higher RPM just as you though it would Figure 4 20 compares the valve lift for the 2 cams As you would think the Typical HO cam shows more lift more duration and 0 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 RPM 163 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples more area under the curve You could try some other higher performance Example components say Typical Ported Stock 4 Valve heads or a Typical Aftermarket EFT intake manifold to get the pow
129. charger s compressor and exhaust driven turbine The size and performance of the turbocharger s compressor can be obtained from a compressor map which are available from the manufacturer A typical compressor map is shown in Figure 2 28 The island is the area which gives the maximum efficiency and is where you want your turbo compressor gt i Figure 2 16 Definitions of Turbocharger Specs from ngine Analyzer will need Typical Compressor Performance Map k Eff Aa LINE ee information about 30 Island the point where the peak efficiency occurs The turbocharger compressor and Island turbine sizes PR determine how soon or at what RPM the turbo will pre2 start developing boost Compressor and turbine sizes surge are primarily PR 2 ray dictated by Island CFM and Turbine Nozzle size respectively A 9 100 200 R 300 400 500 small turbo system will develop boost 52 2 COMPRESSOR PRESSURE RATIO P3 P EFFICIENCY C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions pe l Ee SS at a lower RPM but will become restrictive at higher RPM and higher air flows Therefore small turbos are better choices for street use Larger turbos are better suited to race engines where RPM is continually high and flow restrictions must be kept to a minimum Type This combo lets you describe the source of the specs used in this section e You can select a general type of turboch
130. ck Print C I Ms Motorsports Comp Cams Grinds en click on Pick or Delete button tcl nn ance ere Br J R PSAN Double click to pick Example in 1 step DEH Duel Energy XR XE Extreme Energy NX Nitrous HP Right click to show Valve Lift Optimize Using These Cams Show Only Examples Fitting These Limits C No And C Or No Cand Or Show Lifter Profile X Int Dur z z onitese x Contains Ji Hyd Is between v 220 230 Click on this button only available for example Cams and the program will optimize trying each example cam shown See Figure A In this section you can choose to Show All Examples or Only These as shown Then you can use the 3 groups of conditions to determine what examples are shown For example in this screen we have picked to only show cams with the phrase Hyd in the Lifter Profile description and an Intake Lobe Duration from 220 to 230 degrees Now this screen will only show you Hydraulic cams with an intake duration at 050 from 220 to 230 dearees This feature is available for all components 248 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Figure A 17 Optimizing Example Cams as Described in Figure A 16 Optimizing Specs Check Example Cams To Obtain This C Set the specs in the To Obtain This section to the left Then click on the Start Optimizing button to test all the Example Cams you
131. ck on OK This will update the current Engine file with your latest changes If you want to save the current set of Engine specs with your changes to a new name and leave the current Engine file in the Library unchanged then click on the suggested file name and modify it as you want For example in the window shown on the previous page you may want to add 2 to the current name 302 4V to create 302 4V 2 to indicate this is the 2nd revision of 302 4V This is the safest way to make changes because you can always return to an earlier version and see what you had done Certain engine names are not acceptable including e Names with more than 50 characters e Names which include certain special characters If you enter a name which is outside of these limits the program will warn you and or make the correction automatically Engine files are saved in the ENGDAT subdirectory in the EA30 subdirectory under PERFTRNS PTI directory You can copy Windows Engine Analyzer files from programs on other computers to this directory and they will be found by the program 140 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output 3 5 Printer Output The Engine Analyzer can print the tabular test results for a permanent hardcopy by clicking on Print in the menu bar or the Printer button The menu of options shown in Figure 3 18 will appear Check the options you want to use for the printout by clicking on any or all of the top for boxes A
132. click on the Use New Titles button below Select click on a Standard name you want to change The Standard Name appears in the edit box along with the current New name if there is one Once you have selected a name from this list that row will be highlighted it is easier to use the up and down arrow keys to select the next item to edit than clicking the item with the mouse This is the list of New Edit Graph Title and Legend ie ba EAN List of Std Names e Names New Titles If a title in Brk Tq Brake HP the List of New Names Current Bageline a is blank the program Brk Tq ft lbs will use the Standard Brake HP name BSFC 1b HP hr x buick rudd mdl Standard name from Tip a i row selected Click on the item in the list above you wa New name for you to edit Other options include clicking on the Copy Std Name to New or Blank Out New Name buttons Click here to close this Copy All Std to New Names menu and use the New names you have Use Std Titles entered Where New names have been left blank the Standard name will be used 132 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output Changing the scales Many times you may want to change the scale of the X or Y axis This may be to show an area in more detail or to match the scales of a previous graph The Engine Analyzer has several ways to change the scales as shown in Figures 3 12 and 3 13 Figure 3 12 Changing Scales
133. ction HP Example of Engine Analyzer Friction HP vs Friction Measured on Dynamometer Estimate of Engine Analyzer motoring friction 22 F HP x 1 3 29 HP estimated motoring friction Actual dynamometer motoring friction 45 HP Difference 45 HP 28 HP 17 HP The Engine Analyzer needs 17 HP more friction to match the dynamometer data To increase Friction HP increase any of the Losses specs in the Short Block Specs menu like Accessories etc 227 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Int Vacuum To the Engine Analyzer Int Vacuum is the intake vacuum after the carb or throttle body during the intake stroke Intake vacuum measurements on a dynamometer are an average over all 4 strokes Therefore dynamometer data will and should show a lower vacuum than the Engine Analyzer s results especially for individual runner intakes or engines with less than 3 cylinders However if the dynamometer data shows more vacuum than the Engine Analyzer you may want to increase the Engine Analyzer s vacuum by reducing Carburetor or Throttle Body CFM Rating in the Intake System menu Exh Pres Exh Pres is calculated by the Engine Analyzer so as to correlate well with dynamometer exhaust pressure measurements If the dynamometer data shows more pressure than the Engine Analyzer you may want to increase the Engine Analyzer s back pressure by reducing Exh System CFM Rating Mach Although you can not measure Mach with
134. d to the test below it usually the previous test run If Peak Tq dropped the Incr will be negative Avg Tq Is the average torque for all RPMs run for this particular test If the RPM range is different for 2 different tests comparing averages can be misleading For example run the same engine first from 2000 6000 RPM then from 3000 7000 RPM You most likely will get 2 different Avg Tqs but probably get the same Peak Tq Incr Is the increase in Avg Tq for this test compared to the test below it usually the previous test run If Avg Tq dropped the Incr will be negative Peak HP Incr Avg HP Incr These columns are the same as the torque columns except these track the changes in Peak HP and Avg HP 145 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output 146 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output 3 7 Send to Vehicle Program The Engine Analyzer allows you to load engine performance curves into another Windows Performance Trends vehicle program like Drag Racing Analyzer v3 0 Figure 3 22 Send To Vehicle Program Menu This is accomplished by clicking lS a on the Send button to Click on dot SendToVehProgram menu item Wi jcleP to select when the Test Results are rag Racing Analyzer which displayed You will first be program to presented with a menu of options send curve to as shown in Figure 3 22 Send HP Curve to Yehicle Program Drag Racing Analyzer Pro
135. display the contents A new feature also allows you to view the README DOC file in the Engine Analyzer by clicking on Help at the main screen then View Readme File User Manuals and Supplements describing new features can also be viewed this way Every effort has been made by Performance Trends Inc to provide you with an accurate cost saving high quality tool at a very reasonable price We do not copy protect our software to allow our customers full freedom to make back up copies for their own personal use Please respect the programmer s copyright and do NOT give out copies to your friends Important The body of this manual covers v3 0 s features Check Appendix 5 and 6 for new features added in v3 2 and v3 4 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 1 Introduction 1 3 A Word of Caution The Engine Analyzer is a comprehensive software package which estimates a Engine s performance based on limited user input These estimates can be used for analysis of dynamometer race track or normal street performance An engine is a very complex system which makes exact calculations of all details impossible Therefore several simplifying assumptions are made to reduce the calculations to a manageable level See the Assumptions in Appendix 1 The user must recognize The software can not predict the safety of an engine modification or running situation Done correctly with the proper quality parts and safety precautions extrem
136. djusted specs Otherwise click on Cancel to close out All other specs during the Optimize process are at the current settings in the individual Component menus Average Torque and HP are calculated for the entire RPM range you have set in the Calculate Performance Conditions menu If you want to optimize the Average Torque or HP from just 5000 to 7000 RPM set this range in the Calculate Performance Conditions menu before Optimizing 234 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Figure A4 lt F5 gt and lt Esc gt Keys for Quicker Calculations and Graphs 2 Press lt F5 gt from Follow steps 1 8 component menu to pe immediately calculate 1 Pick an example part then Genfral Cam Specs performance press the lt F5 gt key to return to SLIP He oan Ron EIS component menu ze Lift for Rating Events Wx Intake Note Comment for Centerline deg ATDC eee this Component Opening 050 9 T Opening 050 Closing 050 19 Closing 050 Max Lobe Lift in 260 Max Lobe Lift in Lash at Valve in 004 33 ash at Valve in Rocker Arm Ratio 1 6 Rocker Arm Ratio 1 6 Calculated Cam Specs gt Help z Click on the down arrow button to select to Lobe Separation 109 0 either use your own specs in this menu or to Intake Exhaust Pick an Example set of specs Ifyouhave 8 You will see your previously picked 7 P
137. e If it does show a big effect then you will have to read the section of the manual which discusses it to come up with a better estimate of the real value 159 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples 4 Save Your New Engine You are probably anxious to run your engine and see its results but first change the Engine Comments to reflect the changes you ve made Click in the Comments box at the Main Screen Change the comments the same as you would for most any Windows text editing or word processing program See Figure 4 13 Remember that these comments should help remind you of what this engine is even several years in the future ae 4 13 Change the Comments at the Main Screen Click anywhere Running Conditions in this box and Help use Delete or Move mouse over an item for a description to be given in the Help Backs pace frame at the lower left comer P 7 keys to delete Click on Help in menu line for more detailed info on options old comm en ts Then type in most any new comments When you are satisfied with your Figure 4 14 Options for Saving Your Engine comments then save this new engine Save Changes to Same File Name you ve created to the Engine Library Click on Save to Engine Library at Do you want to update the current engine the top of the Main Screen You are asked the question shown in Figure 4 14 if you want to save these new specs to the same file
138. e Analyzer will use velocities ranging from 180 to 280 ft sec In InertiaPrs Is the estimated increase in pressure over Intake Vacuum or supercharger Boost levels caused by inertia tuning in PSI High values of In InertiaPrs to 5 PSI show good inertia tuning at that particular RPM In general In InertiaPrs and intake tuning increases with improved Intake Manifold Flow Efficiency Intake Manifold Type Intake Valve Flow Efficiency and changes in intake cam timing In ResTunPrs Is the estimated increase in pressure over Intake Vacuum or supercharger Boost levels during valve overlap caused by resonance tuning in PSI High values of In ResTunPrs 1 to 5 PSI show favorable resonance tuning at that particular RPM Negative values of In ResTunPrs show resonance pulses limiting performance Ex AvgVel Is the calculated average flow velocity of the exhaust gases in the exhaust runner Like with In AvgVel a trade off exists between high and low runner velocity High velocities are more restrictive low velocities contribute little to exhaust inertia tuning 78 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions gt _ L L _ _ __ _ _ z EES There is better agreement for rules of thumb concerning calculated exhaust velocity Most sources agree that header pipes should be sized to give average calculated flow velocities of 300 ft sec Also see Example 4 5 and App
139. e Example Carburetor or Throttle Body specs you have picked The Type you choose has a large effect on how the Carburetor or Throttle Body section of this menu looks If you choose Use Specs Below all specs will be printed in black and you can change them to most any number you want If you have chosen an example the specs which relate directly to the example will be displayed in blue or hidden if you are in Beginner User mode Should you choose to change any of these blue specs a notice is given that changing any spec related to the example will change the Type from the example name to the general name of Use Specs Below The example name is a handy reminder of what the specs in this menu represent so you may not want to change any of these blue spec settings Total CFM Rating Is the air flow rating of the carburetor s or throttle body s if the engine is fuel injected The flow rating is measured in CFM Cubic Feet per Minute maintaining a 1 5 Hg inches of mercury pressure drop across the carburetor or throttle body Standard CFM at 1 5 Hg pressure drop 20 4 water is the standard method of rating 4 BBL carburetors Standard CFM ratings for 2 BBL and 1 BBL carburetors are measured with a 3 Hg pressure drop and must be converted to the 4 BBL rating before they will be accurate in the Engine Analyzer program Use the 71 conversion as shown below 2 BBL CFM Rating x 71 4 BBL CFM Rating 35 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine
140. e chamber 20 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Compression Ratio The engine s compression ratio based on cylinder clearance volume and total cylinder swept volume sometimes called static compression ratio Do not use compression ratios which are corrected for cam timing weather or supercharger boost Compression Ratio Clearance Volume Swept Volume Clearance Volume Clearance Volume and Swept Volume must be in the same units both either CCs or cubic inches Multiply CCs by 061 to obtain cubic inches multiply cubic inches by 16 39 to obtain CCs Since Compression Ratio has a Clc button see Section 2 9 3 for calculating Compression Ratio from clearance volume piston dome volume deck height and gasket thickness Cyl Vol cu in This is the cylinder volume in cubic inches calculated from the current Short Block Specs This value is displayed for your information to see how Compression Ratio is calculated and can not be changed here directly but only by changing the Short Block specs Chamber ccs This is the volume of the total combustion chamber head chamber piston dish or dome gasket thickness volume etc This value is displayed for your information and is calculated from the current cylinder volume and Compression Ratio and can be changed here directly Intake Port Specs Layout Identifies if there are 1 or 2 intake valves per cylinder and how many ports there are for t
141. e efficiencies 214 Thermal Efficiency related to BSFC in the Engine Analyzer s results The thermal efficiency is an engineering term that describes how efficiently the combustion and expansion process makes use of the heat energy which pushes on the piston during the expansion stroke Explaining thermal efficiency can get quite complex for this discussion However a simple illustration of thermal inefficiency is the heat left in the exhaust gasses If the thermal efficiency of the engine were higher more of the heat of combustion would be used to push on the piston less heat would be exhausted from the cylinder and the exhaust would be cooler The thermal efficiency is quite difficult to improve beyond the range of 40 40 with most engines having a thermal efficiency of 25 25 to 35 35 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Mechanical Efficiency related to Friction HP in the Engine Analyzer s results Up to this point you have talked only about the amount of work the burned gases or explosion does on the top of the piston This work done on the piston is called Indicated Work or Indicated HP However not all this Indicated Work or HP gets out of the engine to the crankshaft Some of the HP is used up in forms which can be grouped under the title of Friction which include Where HP is lost to Friction Rubbing mechanical friction from piston rings rubbing on the bore bearings rubbing on jour
142. e engine conditions can be safe Done by inexperienced builders with standard or low quality parts an engine can be a disaster waiting to happen Please read and follow the Safety Notes as highlighted in this manual The software like any computer model can NOT make exact predictions because Much of the input data to the software is estimated Even if the input data were exactly correct the simplifying assumptions within the program will limit the accuracy Environmental conditions temperatures which greatly influence intake and exhaust tuning the combustion process fuel mixing etc are rarely constant and repeatable The software should be used as a guide to Help you understand how an engine works what parameters are important how parameters interact what are the tradeoffs etc Point you in the correct general direction for making modifications This direction should be verified by other sources like known authorities time slips books etc Never trust one single source if it does not make sense to you Make you think not think for you If unexpected results are obtained take a minute to e Double check all your data input e Refer back to this manual e Ask someone else skilled and experienced in the particular area e Give the retailer or Performance Trends Inc s Tech Help Line a call for an explanation Computer programs are written by normal people who can make mistakes It s always possible there may be
143. e existing Short Block specs of a Bore 4 03 and Stroke 3 48 If this is incorrect change these specs before using this menu Enter a negative Dome CCs for a Piston Dish Enter a negative Deck Height Clearance if the piston goes above the deck at TDC C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Chamber Specs Chamber CCs in Head Is the combustion chamber volume in the cylinder head measured in cubic centimeters This is the value obtained if the heads are cc d If you know the entire clearance volume of the cylinder but do not know Piston Dome CCs Gasket Thickness or Deck Height Clearance enter that volume here as Chamber CCs in Head Then enter 0 for Piston Dome CCs Gasket Thickness and Deck Height Clearance The program will calculate compression ratio based on the equation below where Clearance Volume is the Chamber CCs in Head Compression Ratio Clearance Volume Swept Volume Clearance Volume Piston Dome CCs Is the volume of the pop up in the piston measured in cubic centimeters The pop up is the volume of piston material added to the top of a flat top piston If the piston has a dish depression enter the dish volume as a negative number Gasket Thickness in Is the thickness of the head gasket in inches after it has been crushed Crushed thickness is after the head bolts have been torqued to spec Gasket Bore Diameter in Is the diameter of the bor
144. e in the head gasket A good approximation is to use the same as the Bore in the Short Block Specs menu and this value is loaded in when you first open up this menu You can change it to most any value you want In actual use gasket bores are usually 030 100 larger than the cylinder bore 95 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Deck Height Clearance in Deck Height Clearance is the distance in inches from the top of the piston to the top of the cylinder block when the piston is at TDC The top of the cylinder is the deck or surface to which the head bolts If the outer edge of the piston travels above the deck this is called negative deck height and you must enter a negative number 2 9 4 Calc Avg Port Diameter Is the Port Diameter or Runner Diameter calculated from following specs Port Diameter is defined on page 22 under cylinder Head s specs Runner Diameter is defined on page 32 under Intake Figure 2 27 Calc Avg Port Diameter System specs and on page 38 under Exhaust System specs See page 91 for general notes on Calculation Menus and for an example of their use Calc Avg Diameter Specs Know Runner CCs Know Port CCs Humane Length in Click on this combo box to select Yes or No Your Hennes Yolume cos choice here will enable turn to black print from z gray and allow for inputs different specs in this salted V A menu You must select this choice fir
145. e intake tract port in the head and runner in the manifold that you are stuck with The program will give an average diameter for the port in the head and manifold runner to produce good intake tuning at the RPM entered above You can determine the Port Volume for this diameter by going to the Head s Specs menu and typing it in for Intake Port Avg Diameter and seeing what Port Volume is calculated For this Port Volume to be accurate you must also have entered the correct Port Length in the Head s Specs menu first Starting Point suggestions given in the Special Calculations section of the Test Results based on the specs above may NOT give best performance and MUST be refined through cut and try running the program Runner Dimensions are for Port PLUS Intake Manifold Runner or Exhaust Header Primary Pipe 70 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 2 8 2 Test Results from Calculated Performance The Engine Analyzer s calculated output consists primarily of 3 types e RPM Data This is data which changes for each RPM tested like torque HP fuel flow etc e Special Calculations This is data which does not change with RPM like cubic inch displacement dynamic compression ratio etc e Cycle Data This is data which changes within one RPM for each different crank angle of the engine In this version of Engine Analyzer the only cycle data available is Valve Lift Figure 2 18 Major
146. e the Type from the example name to the general name of Use Specs Below The example name is a handy reminder of what the specs in this menu represent so you may not want to change any of these blue spec settings Lift for Rating Events You can pick the lift from base circle at which cam events are rated from the following e 050 which was the method used by all our previous Engine Analyzers and is the way used by most cam grinders for American aftermarket and racing cams e 040 or 1mm which is a common metric method used for motorcycles and foreign cams e Seat Timing which is commonly used for Advertised Duration by American cam grinders Be sure you are using the correct one as this will create large errors in the results if you are not Total Cam Advance This combo box lets you either pick an advance retard or straight up cam timing by clicking on the arrow key or you can type in an advance or retard in degrees directly If you just enter a number a number with a sign ex 4 or a number followed by the letters adv the program assumes it is number of degrees of cam advance If you just enter a number with a sign ex 4 or a number followed by the letters ret the program assumes it is number of degrees of cam retard Total cam advance is based on the current Intake and Exhaust Centerlines If the centerlines are equal Total Advance is set to 0 or straight up by the program This is a major change from DOS v
147. e to change any of these blue specs a notice is given that changing any spec related to the example will change the Type from the example name to the general name of Use Specs Below The example name is a handy reminder of what the specs in this menu represent so you may not want to change any of these blue spec settings Design This combo box lets you pick the general design of the exhaust header Tube headers where each cylinder s exhaust port connect to fairly smooth tube headers which smoothly merge with other cylinders in a collector Log Manifold where each exhaust port dumps into a common manifold with very short runners usually less than 1 long Streamlined Manifold where each exhaust port dumps into a common manifold but the runners are designed to smoothly route the exhaust away and try to prevent exhaust from 1 cylinder traveling up the port to another cylinder Zoomies are just like tube headers except there is no collector each cylinder empties into an individual pipe which does not connect to another cylinder Primary Diameter in Is the average inside diameter of the header primary If you know your header tubing outer diameter simply subtract 1 inches to obtain the approximate inside diameter For example 1 7 8 Headers Tubing O D 1 875 Inside Diameter 1 875 1 1 775 Note The exhaust runner dimensions are not as critical as the intake runner dimensions It is generally overkill to
148. ead center where the tappet has been lifted to the Rated Tappet Lift above base circle Base Circle on the opening ramp Rated Tappet Lift is specified in the General Cam Specs section This value is generally available on your cam card or in cam catalogs If this event occurs after top dead center enter a negative value For example if it is reported as 4 degrees after top dead center enter 4 This spec is not displayed if you have checked the Preference Don t Show Valve Open Close Events See Pages 13 14 Closing xxx Identifies crankshaft degrees before top dead center where the tappet has been lowered to the Rated Tappet Lift above base circle Base Circle on the closing ramp Rated Tappet Lift is specified in the General Cam Specs section This value is generally available on your cam card or in cam catalogs It is highly unlikely but if this event occurs before bottom dead center enter a negative value For example if it is reported as 4 degrees before bottom dead center enter 4 This spec is not displayed if you have checked the Preference Don t Show Valve Open Close Events See Pages 13 14 Max Lobe Lift in Identifies how high the cam lobe lifts the tappet above Base Circle in inches If you are given gross valve lift by the cam grinder divide by the rocker arm ratio assumed by the cam grinder to obtain gross or maximum tappet lift This can also be done by clicking on the Clc button to open up a Calcul
149. econdary Throttle Dia s 36 226 227 229 Seek 148 Send to Vehicle Program 4 147 Setup 4 Shape 98 Short Block 4 15 21 31 93 94 95 116 153 154 155 156 210 217 227 239 Single Plane 30 Spark 20 59 66 67 79 80 179 180 182 189 211 215 217 227 229 232 Sparkxe Spark Adv 79 80 180 182 217 229 Spark Knock 59 79 179 180 189 229 Special Calculations 70 71 72 80 142 165 166 167 195 201 206 208 240 Special Graph 240 Stan Weiss 239 Starting Point Suggestions 69 70 86 159 167 197 200 201 206 232 Starting RPM 68 69 159 197 Streamlined Manifold 38 Stroke 15 16 76 77 86 93 94 213 216 217 228 Supercharging 4 5 9 21 51 56 57 58 59 61 73 76 77 78 83 90 111 112 159 179 180 184 185 187 189 197 204 205 217 219 226 240 System Type 66 158 TDC 16 77 79 84 93 96 135 232 Tech Help 2 3 4 Test Conditions 64 Test Pressure 14 100 102 103 104 109 191 192 Test Title 143 144 165 169 Theo Crank Comprssn 85 167 Thermal Eff 214 216 Throttle Body s 35 Torque 5 17 31 45 70 71 72 75 78 79 86 128 145 159 162 170 173 174 177 178 180 185 187 188 195 200 205 207 209 261 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes 215 219 220 221 222 225 228 229 230 231 240 Total Pri Throttle Plates 106 Total Sec Throttle Plates 106
150. ed for a particular applications At Performance Trends we are still trying to better understand the details of intake and exhaust tuning As we improve our understanding and capabilities we will add these improvements to our software Additional Factors Affecting Tuning All tuning factors are affected by temperature since temperature affects the speed of sound The speed of sound in the runner influences how fast the pulsation s are reflected Since temperatures are affected by so many factors not simulated by the Engine Analyzer tuning effects can only be estimates The pulsation s produced by other cylinders can affect tuning pulsation s This is especially true at points where neither the intake or exhaust are at peak tuning or off design points These influences from other cylinders are simulated only very simply by the Engine Analyzer Low restriction runners high Runner Flow Effcies provide better tuning effects However the exact relationship between Runner Flow Effcy and tuning strength is not completely developed Therefore you are advised to try a range of Runner Flow Coefs for your simulation For example if you measure a Runner Flow Effcy to be 85 also try the calculations at 80 and 90 If performance changes significantly you know tuning is critical However you are not guaranteed that the estimated performance at Runner Flow Effcy 85 is the best estimate of the engine s actual performance 222 C Performa
151. ei e rutviow set cates Engine Analyzer v3 0 Tq amp HP vs RPM Test History en These Tests Graph ae Test Oniy oot Current amp a Test Only Print Help TestTite Graph Graph Title Save PeakTq favg Peck HE Avg HPS a4 ue 4v Fri Sep 498 11 59 am JEZ 4y 11 59 am 275 at 3750 m 302 4v Fri Sep 4 98 11 59 am 302 4v 11 59 am 417 at 4500 302 4v Fri Sep 4 98 11 59 am 302 4 11 59 am 488 at 2250 302 4 Fri Sep 4 98 11 59 am 302 4 11 59 am 463 at 1500 302 4 Fri Sep 4 98 11 44 am 302 44 11 44 am 275 at 3750 302 4v Thu Sep 398 4 39 pm 302 4v 4 39 pm 275 at 3750 302 4 Tue Sep 198 4 37 pm 302 4 4 37 pm 455 at 3500 302 4v Tue Sep 198 4 37 pm 4 t 37 pm 455 at 3500 Click on Test Title f st column to chan de it or to retriey e specs which produced those tesults Click in other kolumns for o Si Click in this column to show Yes or remove Yes Tests marked Yes will be graphed Choose a Graph option from the menu bar to close the Histroy Log and graph the tests identified by the This column shows name menu option you pick Petre eed D Click and drag slide bar to display entire name to change it History Log Some tests marked Yes may be at the bottom of the Log and not be visible now 129 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output Other Graphing Features The graph screen has several features including e Printing Cursor to pinpoint the value of a particular point
152. el Help is also Valve Flow amp Cam Calculations Overlap Area sq in deg Total Avg Flow Coef available by Total Exh Int Lobe Area inch deg 19 82 clicking on output Lobe Separation deg Hi Ulu Area degxsq in 150 7 z i i z Lobe Centerlins deg 116 0 in Special Calcu lations section A F Mix Qal f Brake torque in ft Ibs at the flywheel p72 The menu bar and the command buttons at the top of the screen shows some of the options for various formats for data output e Analyze will produce a report of performance and safety tips on the test results e Graph will produce various types of graphs You can also compare the current results to results of the previous run or some other Baseline you have saved e Print lets you print these results on your printer If you have a printer hooked up to your computer try the Print command by clicking on Print in the menu bar or on the Printer button A small menu of printout options are presented These options allow you to enter a report comment include Engine specs and comments in the printout etc These options are explained in Section 3 5 For this first time accept the default settings and print the report by clicking on Print Results To help explain the other columns of output simply click on those results A definition of that particular data will be presented in a Message box as in Figure 1 4 Then click on OK when you have read the definition For a detailed explanation of all
153. el Ej lf eeel Lede beled st ve This includes Name of test results Type of last results Data You can E m sacle also click on Data Type names and the corresponding data line will flash This is useful to find a particular line when several are graphed Names in the Legend can be changed by clicking on Format than Cdit Titlac 4000 4500 5000 5500 RPM Horizontal X axis The scaling of this axis can be easily changed as described in this section Grid lines The style or elimination of grid lines can be changed by clicking on Format then Grid Style Data graph lines The style and thickness of these lines can be changed by clicking on Format then Line Style Vertical Y axis the scaling of which can be changed as described in this section 127 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output TE There are 2 basic types of test data which can be graphed e Brk Torque and Brake HP vs RPM e Valve Lift vs crank degrees There are 3 basic types of tests which can be graphed e Current test results These are the test results whose RPM data is displayed when at the Test Results screen for the current Engine specs e Last test results These are the test results from the previous calculation By comparing the current calculated results to the last results you can easily watch how each engine modification has effected performance e Test results from the History Log The History Log is a list
154. el of Piston Spd requires extremely strong and light reciprocating components like connecting rods pistons etc e The engine would likely improve performance at 8000 RPM while losing some torque at lower RPM with shorter and larger diameter intake runners e Since the spec For Peak HP at This RPM is 8000 the same as the Analysis Option s Desired HP Peak RPM you should check the Starting Point Suggestions at the end of the calculated performance report These runner and cam recommendations may give better performance at 8000 RPM than the current specs If certain results look normal for this type of application in this case Full Race they may not be mentioned in the Analysis Report It is always good to do your own analysis of the calculated performance Important points shown on the performance printout in Figure 4 58 and not mentioned in the Analysis Report include e Mach at 8000 RPM is a relatively low 466 indicating the intake valve should not be a major restriction at this RPM Note that you always want more flow area to produce a lower Mach Its just that 466 indicates the intake valve and port and cam profile are not overly restrictive e The Total Exh Int of 72 5 is close to the recommended 75 The exhaust may benefit slightly from more cam or valve flow but it should not be overly restrictive e Inthe RPM Data section the peak In InertiaPrs of 4 9 PSI occurs at 5000 RPM This says the current intake runner dimen
155. en the rise in intake runner pressure is high over a broad range of the valve opening period especially around intake valve closing This usually occurs when In Tune Prs is highest in the RPM data test results See Example 4 5 Intake Resonance Tuning Once the intake valve has closed this pressure pulsation continues to be reflected back and forth in the intake runner until the intake valve opens and the process starts again If a high pressure peak of this reflected wave is at the intake valve during valve overlap it can blow the burnt exhaust gasses out of the clearance volume into the exhaust This results in additional gains in volumetric efficiency However if a vacuum peak arrives at the intake valve during overlap additional exhaust gasses will be drawn into the intake runner This process hurts volumetric efficiency since the cylinder must first draw in that blown back exhaust from the intake runner before it starts to induct the fresh power producing air charge The timing of this reflected wave to aid scavenging is called resonance tuning Figure A 4 Effect of Inertia and Resonance Tuning On Volumetric Efficiency and Torque Resonance Tuning Volumetric high overlap Efficiency Resonance Tuning torque low overlap Inertia Tuning No Tuning 220 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes po m k K Ee SS SS For typical runner lengths 6 20 inches and RPMs 3000 10000 RPM the resonant pressure
156. endix 5 for further explanation The word calculated is stressed here because the actual exhaust gas velocities are much higher in the range of 1000 ft sec when the calculated velocity is 300 ft sec This is primarily due to exhaust being approximately 3 times hotter and less dense than the intake charge ExTun Prs Is the estimated increase in pressure over ExTun Prs exhaust back pressure during valve overlap in PSI Since both inertia tuning and resonance tuning are only effective during overlap immediately before exhaust closing the two effects are added together Good exhaust scavenging will occur with large negative values of ExTun Prs 1 to 5 PSI Valve Toss Lifter Pump Up Indicates that the RPM has gone past the valve train s safe operating range If you are simulating mechanical lifters with Valve Lash Valve Toss is shown here If you are simulating hydraulic lifters without Valve Lash Lifter Pump Up is shown here Either condition will produce a drop in power Valve Toss and Lifter Pump Up depend strongly on the cam profile Aggressive ramps with high rocker arm ratios aggressive roller profiles high lobe lifts for a given duration do increase power but also increase the likelihood of valve toss and pump up Valve toss and Lifter Pump Up also depend strongly on the choice of Valve Train type you ve chosen Spark Adv Is the estimated spark advance in degrees before TDC for for optimum performance at this R
157. ends and then Engine Analyzer After some brief introduction screens you will be left at the Main Screen shown below aac 1 1 Main Screen Engine Analyzer v3 0 Performance Trends 302 4 a engine Calc HP F2 Preferences Help F1 Engine Library Save Engine to Library Calculate Performance Quit Help Head s Cam Valve Train Supercharger Running Conditions Help Click here to see Head Specs like Compression Ratio Valve Sizes and Flow Efficiency Port Sizes ete Engine Summary User Specified 8 cyl 4 bore x 3 stroke 301 59 cid User Specified 1 1 78 int 1 1 45 exh valves Sampression Ratio 8 5 Total Chamber Volume 82 4 ccs sprscified Dual Plane carb s manifold ies 600 CFM Eosi User Specified Stew User Specified 360 CFM ESAR System User Specified Mild Hyd Flat camshaft Int 202 dur 116 C L Exh 202 dur 114 C L 050 inches lift No Turbo or Supercharger Comments Bira air e 1985 Production Ford 302 HO aret ca t Factory rated at 270 ft Ibs 3200 210 HP 4400 Specs reflect vehicle installation From this main menu you can e Choose to review or modify any of the categories of Engine specifications displayed Sh 02 4v is name of Engine Specs currently being worked with Click here to display all engine saved in Engine Library Click here to display the menu shown in Figure 1 2 e Open or Save a file of c
158. engine You can also enter the of teeth on each pulley leave off the exhaust system Exhaust System Type of Tee O Open Exhaust no mufflers and the Octane at 94 Calculate Performance with the Original Paxton supercharger with a 1 75 Belt Ratio Figure 4 46 shows the test results for the Original Paxton with the History Log Notice in the Notes section that S C RPM High meaning that the Max Safe Pulley RPM entered in the Supercharger menu for the Original Paxton has been exceeded at some RPMs The performance graph in Figure 4 47 shows a sharp drop in Torque and HP after 5000 RPM which is due to this Max Safe Pulley RPM being exceeded Note that the real supercharger s performance may not drop at these higher RPMs The program is forcing performance to drop to make sure you notice that something may be going wrong with the supercharger at these higher RPMs The results from both Figure 4 46 and 4 47 show performance for the Original Paxton being down significantly compared to the Medium Turbo However compared to stock Peak HP has increased over 100 HP Another interesting thing in the results is that Friction HP has increased significantly For example at 5000 RPM it went from 86 HP for the turbo to 110 HP with the supercharger This extra Friction HP is primarily for the power required to run the supercharger 185 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 46 Performance Comparison o
159. er closer to 130 HP However being within 1 ft Ib and 6 HP is about as good as you should expect to get without actual measurements Click on Back at the Figure 4 20 Valve Lift Graph for Typical amp Typical HO Cam Engine Analyzer v3 0 MY ZX2 2 0L les Jes TL lt ifli gt _ fintVawe Lit Exh Valve Lift p last results s int Valve Lift JExh Valve Lift 660 Crank Deg Graph Screen then Back at the Test Results screen to return to the Main Screen 7 Save Your Changes Figure 4 21 Saving Do you want to update the current engine At the Main Screen you might want to change the MY Zx2 2 0L comments to mention using the Typical Stock HO With the changes you ve made cam Then Save the engine with the HO cam by Click on No to save the current engine specs to clicking on the Save to Engine Library button a new name Click on Cancel to stop saving Answer Yes to the question of Figure 4 21 to update the current engine MY ZX2 2 0L with the HO cam Conclusions future 164 Click on Yes to update current Engine File with changes The Engine Analyzer provides even a beginner with enough example parts to build their engine The Engine Analyzer can match the performance of real engines quite well The Engine Analyzer provides ways to analyze and compare results with graphs You can save your engine to the Engine Library with descriptive comments for recall in the C Perfo
160. er is a better way of describing the Eff term in the previous equations Eff Thermal Eff x Mech Eff Substituting this relationship into equation 7 you finally get the formula for HP of an engine 8 HP out CID x RPM x Vol Eff x 00001326 x C E F x TEFF x MEFF AIF 2544 Combining all the constants together assuming 14 6 A F and dividing twice by 100 so Thermal Efficiency and Mechanical Efficiency can be in percents you get Detailed Equation for HP of a 4 Cycle I C Engine 9 HP out CID x RPM x VOLEFF x C E F x TEFF x MEFF 28 E12 Note 28 E12 is scientific notation for 28 000 000 000 000 Your calculator will probably not let you enter 28 000 000 000 000 so use the scientific notation method Now for the important stuff What is equation 9 telling us It s telling us that to make more HP to raise the value of the left side of the equation you must raise the value of something on the right side of the equation Listed below are these factors from the right side of the equation with some explanation and a list of some specifications from the Engine Analyzer which effect that particular factor CID The cubic inch displacement of the engine Bore inches Stroke inches Of cylinders 216 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes SSS ee RPM The engine speed Stroke the shorter the stroke the higher the RPM limit Rod length the longer the rod the lower the pi
161. eratures High cylinder pressures require precautions to protect against detonation blown head gaskets damaged engine components like pistons rings exhaust rocker arms bearings etc Maximum Exhaust System Backpressure Exh Pres is 0 PSI This is low for a street strip vehicle with a full exhaust system This is simulating either an extremely free flowing exhaust system or open headers This may be illegally loud for the street Starting Point Suggestions PkHP 4666 RPH frea Intake Port Runner Dimensions for 1 runner cylinder Rec Inertia Len in 17 2 Rec Area sq in in 1 82 Conclusions e Turbocharging supercharging and injecting nitrous oxide can provide a significant performance increase e Turbocharging and supercharging make an engine prone to spark knock Care must be taken to prevent detonation by retarding spark running high octane fuel not increasing or even reducing Compression Ratio etc e The Engine Analyzer provides a method to estimate performance increases and point out potential problems before the modification is made on the actual engine excessive spark knock insufficient fuel pump capacity excessive Supercharger RPM etc e As with any modifications the Engine Analyzer can not consider all details Therefore you must follow the manufacturer s recommendations for safe reliable operation of a particular system 189 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4
162. ersions of Engine Analyzer where the spec Additional Cam Advance was used In those versions you could specify opening and closing events which would produce a Total Cam Advance of say 4 degrees but the Additional Cam Advance could be set to 0 This was confusing to users This new method of using Total Cam Advance should match cam specs used by most cam grinders To change cam timing from how it was ground by the cam grinder you will need special set of timing gears or an offset timing pin key or bushing In general advancing the cam will give more lower end torque while giving up some top end HP and retarding will give up low end torque to gain top end HP 45 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions p a a ae ay Lifter profile Type This combo box lets you pick the type of lifter and the steepness or aggressiveness of the cam s profiles The combinations consist of Hyd vs Solid Hydraulic vs Solid lash adjustment Flat vs Roller Aggressiveness or steepness of the profile Roller being more aggressive Mild vs Agr Aggressiveness or steepness of the profile Agr being more aggressive Invrtd The most aggressive or steep profile being more aggressive than Mild or Agr The choice of Hydraulic vs Solid is the most important as this dictates the use of a lash setting and whether hydraulic lifter pump up is possible The other choices simply determine differences in the steepness of the profile f
163. ese inputs click on the Use Calc Value button Otherwise click on Cancel to return to the Running Conditions menu with no change to Dew Point Section 2 9 Calculation Menus explains all these calculations Once you feel comfortable changing specifications in the various menus and making various performance calculations read Section 3 4 of this manual called Engine Library to learn how to save a set of Engine specifications or recall information which has been previously saved Then you will know all the basic commands to operate the program For a more in depth knowledge of using these commands and an explanation of the results read this entire manual C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 1 Introduction 10 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Chapter 2 Definitions 2 0 Basic Program Operation Figure 2 1 shows the Engine Analyzer s Main Screen with explanations of your options here Figure 2 2 shows the Head s Specs menu with explanations of options for most component menus See Appendix 5 and 6 for new features on the Main Screen including adding a picture file image Figure 2 1 Main Screen Options Menu bar Click here for drop down Buttons to display menus of program options some being individual menus the same as the Command Buttons containing engine specs Name of current engine file Engine Analyzer v3 0 Perfosmance Trends 302 4 File engine __ C
164. eter data includes fuel flow in lbs hr and an actual A F measurement based on exhaust gas analysis calculate dynamometer air flow as follows 226 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes a a ae Dyno Actual CFM Dyno Fuel Flow lb hr x Dyno A F x 218 Now you can use the Actual CFM rules to make dynamometer and Engine Analyzer air flows match If the dynamometer data does not include a measured A F then assume your engine is running at 12 5 just as the Engine Analyzer assumes Use the same rules as listed under Actual CFM to get the Engine Analyzer fuel flow to match the dynamometer fuel flow For example if the Engine Analyzer s results need more fuel in the midrange to match the dynamometer results try specifying Secondary Throttles as No as listed under To increase Actual CFM in the mid range Friction HP If the dynamometer your engine is tested on can motor the engine spin the engine over at high speed with spark and fuel off the dynamometer data should include the measured motoring friction HP This data should be taken with oil and coolant at operating temperature and WOT wide open throttle If this data is available multiply the Engine Analyzer s Friction HP by 1 3 to account for some pumping work HP Then compare it to the dynamometer motoring HP For example if the dynamometer results show 45 HP of motoring friction at 4000 RPM and the Engine Analyzer shows 22 Fri
165. f Component Examples If the current specs are not an example click on the Save Example button to be presented with the screen of Figure 2 49 This button is not shown and saving is not possible in Beginner User mode See Preferences on page 13 This first screen lets you choose a category under which to save the example For example you may want a category called VW as shown in Figure 2 49 where you would save Volkswagen manifolds Categories lets you easily organize large numbers of examples To choose a category simply click on one of the categories on the right side of the screen under Examples Added by User Note that you can not add examples to examples provided by Performance Trends on the left side Then click on Use Category to save the example to that category You will then advance to a screen like Figure 2 50 If this is the first example you are saving you will first have to add a new category Simply type ina category name in the text input box New Category Name then click on the Add New Category Name to List button You can also Rename or Delete a category by first clicking on the category you want to change Then click on the Rename or Delete button Figure 2 49 Choosing Category for Saving an Example Catagories of Intake Manifold Examples Peformance Trormds Examples Examples Added by User New Catagory Name Add New Catagory Name to List Tip Click on a catagory to highlight it then Rename Chosen Cata
166. f Turbo and s onuugal Supercharger Engine nalyzer v3 0 Performance Trends 302 un Back Graph Print View SendToVehProgram File _Anatyze tept gt Notes section fa Ee sena Meee Notes Summary Pistor speed somewhat high PkTq Avg PkHP Avg showing S C E soa Rae S C APM high Spark Knock Click on Notes for New 363 287 322 199 9 RPM is high at Cmts etait Last 416 357 358 256 some RPMs AE eo jedo dono daaa aeea geo suo seee deee fe exceeded the Brake HP 1 Max Safe RPM spec in the Centrifugal Actual CFM 7 i 7 specs menu History Log shows Paxton Bo Testhistoy a performance is Test History Don t Show History Clear erase History Print Help f f good a i Teste save Presta Tinos Ta alin Poche avg Pino as good as 1e j 363 at 4000 322 at 5000 57 _ J Medium Turbo 416 at 3500 358 at 5000 f However Medium wo Exh 408 at 3000 348 at 5000 Paxton pe rfor Small wo Exh 379 at 2000 263 at 4500 Small Turbo 364 at 2500 253 at 4500 mance is still Stock 302 4V 268 at 3000 219 at 4500 more than 100 302 4v Mon Oct 1298 2 32 pm 268 at 3000 219a4500 Pk HP better than stock Engine Analyzer v3 0 302 4 P rfi Back File Format View Help HISTORY last cam TQ HP Ba erormance elele Lelle SNE Fa SetSealeq for Medium Prams ea ed v3 0 Tq amp HP vs RPM oria paxton Turbo is better Torque s H Horsepower than Orig 94 octane Paxton at all Torque Horsepower RPMs Orig Paxton perfor
167. features new in Version 3 2 Program is now a 32 bit version fully compatible with newer operating systems starting with Windows 95 then 98 Me XP and 2000 This also allows you to use much longer more descriptive file names for saving vehicles suspensions and engines It is also more compatible with newer printers The program is now designed for 600 x 800 or higher resolution screens Screen colors are also more compatible with Windows XP The graph screen is now larger and generally fills the entire screen There is now a separate Examples folder for example engine files provided by Performance Trends New engines which you save will be saved to a separate folder File commands to save a vehicle file to a floppy disk or open a vehicle file from a floppy disk This allows easy transfer of files from one computer to another You can now choose to list engine files alphabetically as normally done or by saved date with the most recently saved files listed first This should make it easier to find recent files more quickly New Example Engines have been added like Crate Engines The user s manual is now available from inside the program by clicking on Help at the top of the main screen then Display User s Manual The manual is in a high quality PDF format The Performance Trends website is now available from inside the program by clicking on Help at the top of the main screen then Performance Trends on the Web Se
168. ferences at the Main Screen then Don t Show et Comparison to omit this screen You have the option of changing the Example specs For example lets say you Figure 2 48 Typical Notice about Component Example Notes on Example Data have blocked the l i Intake manifold specs are determined by measuring runner lengths and OTOSSOVER 1O YOUL diameters and from flow bench test results to calculate the Runner Flow Torquer II and Efficiency This data is not supplied from manufacturers Therefore eliminated all coolant flow which could heat the intake You can click on Intake Heat and select No Heat from the choices The program will warn you that by changing this spec the name of the example will no longer be for a this data is difficult to obtain and the number of examples is small Most of the examples are based on PTI tests or PTI estimates Runner dimensions and flow can vary from cylinder to cylinder and manifold to manifold Performance of manifolds depends on more than just the few specs given here A F distribution throttle response fuel mixing air motion etc Therefore actual dyno performance can be significantly different than what is predicted by these specs 117 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions TE Torquer II but will be changed to the general Use Specs Below Saving Examples You also have the option of saving your own sets of specs to the list o
169. fic example l Figure 2 44 shows that the current Manifold specs are Carbs Throttle Bodies those picked from the Engine Analyzer s Example specs for a SB Ford Torquer II manifold This name can be a handy reminder of the type of Manifold you are simulating and also where you got these specs Tie ict ora tenn te hate ben ack on the Use Catagory button or just Double Click There are 2 general ways to pick an example ess the catagory to pick in one step component You can either select the Pick An Example from the Type combo box or click on the Get Example button at the bottom of the menu You may be first presented with a list of general categories of component examples like shown in Figure 2 45 This screen would not appear for picking Short Block Heads or Cams because there are no other component examples available at these menus Eventually you will obtain a list of examples like shown in Figure 2 37 Here you can select your choice by either clicking on it then clicking on the Pick button or double clicking on it By single clicking on Figure 2 46 List of Ford Manifold Examples Ford Intakes Design Dia Length Effcy Heat SB Ford Torquer II SLPin crb 1 4 83 ProdHeat SB Ford Edelbrock Performer RPM D1Pln crb ProdHeat SB Ford Edelbrock Performer DlPln crb ProdHeat SB Ford Stock 87 Mustang EFI lPlnm EFI ProdHeat SB Ford SVO GT40 EFI lPlnm EFI ProdHeat Typ SB Ford Ind Rnnr Injection 1Plnm EFI LessHeat BB F
170. finitions Figure 2 30 Calc Menu to Estimate Flow Efficienc 2 9 5 1 Estimated Flow Efficiency Est Valve Flow Efficiency This calculation menu simply presents a list Pick Intake Port Description general descriptions of ports and a typical Flow 65 Excellent Racing Heads Efficiency Note Select a general description of your Intake Port and Valve Pick Intake Port Description Pick Exhaust Port Description Simply click on the down arrow for the combo box for the list to appear then click on your choice There are more choices than can appear at time on the list so be sure to scroll down through all choices The Flow Efficiency for your choice will appear at the top as the Est Valve Flow Efficiency Figure 2 31 Calculated Flow Efficienc Calc Valve Flow Effcy Calc Valve Flow Effcy 525 Flow Test Data Test Pressure Water 2 9 5 2 Calculated Flow t Valves Cylinder i Efficie ncy Valve Diameter in 1 780 Valve Lift Tested in s This calculation menu calculates Flow Efficiency Flow Obtained CFM from flow bench data for either the intake or exhaust port and valve from following specs Notes Valve Flow Efficiency is defined on pages 18 20 Enter flow data for 1 1 780 diameter Intake under cylinder Head s specs You would use valve at a valve lift from 400 to 500 this menu only if you have flow bench data for your ports See page 91 for general notes on Calculat
171. flow area cylinder size speed of sound in air and RPM These five terms are combined into one value called the Mach Index called Mach by the Engine Analyzer In simple terms Mach relates the average velocity of the intake charge past the valve to the speed of sound The speed of sound is theoretically the maximum velocity possible past the valve which would give a Mach of 1 0 A Mach of 4 states the average velocity is only 40 of the maximum possible velocity Taylor s work showed good correlation between volumetric efficiency and Mach for several engines with conservative cam timing The correlation showed that volumetric efficiency and therefore power would start to drop sharply when Mach increased above approximately 55 However more recent studies show poor correlation if intake cam duration increases significantly The 1979 paper includes a correction for intake duration the higher the intake duration the lower the Mach and the higher the RPM for peak volumetric efficiency General rules of thumb concerning the Mach include e Peak volumetric efficiency should occur in the range of 3 to 5 Mach with no tuning effects e Volumetric efficiency drops rapidly in the range of 6 8 Mach 76 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions pe ae ee ee Piston Spd ft min Is the average speed of the piston in feet per minute Piston speed is a useful way to rate the RPM induced stress leve
172. for a new Default Test Pressure Restart Displaying Help Tips You will notice several tips displayed during running the program many with a Check Box which says Don t Show This Again Once you are aware of a tip you do not want to be shown it again so click on this check box to X it then click on OK If you ever want to review a tip click on this menu item and all tips will be displayed again at the appropriate time in the program just as when the program was new before you checked Don t Show This Again Don t Show Valve Open Close Events Show Valve Open Close Events Asking to Show Valve Open Close Events tells the program to show and update valve opening and closing events in the Cam Valve Train menu You can also then enter Opening and Closing events and have the Duration and Centerline determined from these inputs Asking to Don t Show Valve Open Close Events simplifies the Cam Valve Train menu for many users 14 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 2 2 Short Block The Short Block specs describe the engine s size pistons rings bearings and front end accessories It also displays important engine volumes calculated from the current Short Block menu and Compression Ratio from the Cylinder Head s menu By changing Bore Stroke and of Cylinders you can immediately see the effect on cylinder displacement total engine displacement and clearance volume assumin
173. for throttle bodies or throttle plates Choices in this combo box let you describes if these flow numbers represent the engine s total carburetor or throttle body flow area For example e If you flowed 1 4BBL carb and the engine is run with this 1 4BBL you would choose 100 These flow numbers represent the engine s entire carburetor flow e If you flowed 1 4BBL carb but the engine is run with dual 4BBLs you would choose 50 since the test CFM for 1 4BBL only represents half of the engine s carburetors e Assume you have a small flow bench and a Quadra Jet carb If you flow the entire carb the test pressure is quite low However if you block off 1 secondary and 1 primary the test pressure increases up to 6 water You record 202 CFM for this condition You would enter 6 for Bench Test Pres 202 for Flow Bench Flow and choose 50 for Carb Flowed Note This specs says Carb flowed but it is equally accurate to estimating the CFM Flow Rating of a throttle body system 109 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Figure 2 40 Calc CFM Flow Rating from 2 9 8 Calc Exh Sys CFM _ Flow Bench Data Rating Calc Exh Sys CFM Rating calculated from the following specs Exhaust Muffler System CFM Ratings s LG pe defined on page 40 under Exhaust System Engine HP specs See page 91 for general notes on Calculation Menus and for an example of their Type of Vehicle Prod Sporty H
174. ft to use for a particular application but are only a starting point These recommendations must be optimized by calculating performance with the Engine Analyzer making small changes to these cam specs and then recalculating performance Notes The reliability of these recommendations depends on how close the current cam s specs are to the recommended specs If they are significantly different i e current duration is 200 degrees and recommended duration is 300 degrees the recommendations will not be as reliable In these cases enter the recommended cam specs in the Cam Valve Train menu and recalculate performance The new cam recommendations will be more reliable The duration recommendations are limited to 320 degrees maximum and 550 tappet lift maximum HP Pk Int Dur 050 and HP Pk Int Tappet Lift Is the recommended intake duration at 050 tappet lift to produce a HP peak at the specified RPM The Tappet Lift is a typical lift for a cam lobe with this duration 050 designed for a typical American pushrod V 8 HP Pk Exh Dur 050 and HP Pk Exh Tappet Lift Is the recommended exhaust duration at 050 tappet lift to produce approximately 75 exhaust flow area compared to intake flow area of the intake cam profile recommended If the engine is currently supercharged or nitrous injected this percent is raised to 85 The Tappet Lift is a typical lift for a cam lobe with this duration 050 designed for a typical American p
175. ful to identify important points for future reference like modifications weather conditions etc Dot Matrix Printer Adjustment Select this option if you are using a dot matrix printer or a printer with fewer fonts and font sizes available This option usually shrinks the fonts and margins some to correct a problem of the printout going beyond the margin on the right side Other Printout Types Print Blank Worksheet Click on this button to produce a list of engine specs with blank lines next to them These worksheets are handy for gathering engine specs when creating new engines with the Engine Analyzer Print Help Definitions Click on this button to produce a list of output parameters with a 1 line definition These definitions are the same as when you click on an item in the RPM Data section or Special Calculations section of the Test Results Print History Click on this button to print all 25 lines of the History Log Note that the History Log prints better when the printer is in Landscape mode Click on the Windows Printer Setup menu item shown in Figure 3 18 for switching to landscape mode 142 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output 3 6 History Log The Engine Analyzer remembers the results and the Engine specs which produced those results for up to the last 25 runs you have made This can be a very handy comparison of one run to another and saves you the trouble of making notes on pieces of pape
176. g Compression Ratio stays fixed Figure 2 4 Short Black Menu Click here or on the Pick Example Engine Size Specs button below to pick an example or choose Use Specs Below and type in you own Short Block specs Calculated Engine Volumes and Ratios Short Block Specs Short Block l QGalculated Specs Type Use Specs Below Ed a ite Specs Cylinder Vo 37 70 describin mer Engine olume 301 59 g power affent C R 8 50 i A A Stroke in 2 et Chamber Volume 5 03 i loss item it of Cylinders aaa Bore Stroke Ratio 1 333 z Rod Stroke Ratio 1 800 Rod Length in oo Help section Losses Help A Click on the gern arrow button to select describ Accessonies Clutch fan and production water pump to either us your own specs in this menu ing item or to Pick an Example set of specs If you Crankcase Typical Windage sO have picked Example Specs the Example cu rrently name will appear here unless you change bei ng Pistons Bearings Production design sO some of the Example specs hiah Igh lighted ghted Type This combo lets you describe the source of the specs used in this menu e You can select the Use Specs Below and enter in most any combination of Short Block Specs e You can pick the Pick an Example to be presented with a list of Example Short Block Specs much the same as clicking on the Get Example button It will then display the name of the Example
177. g for beginners Block menu with these specs loaded You will probably receive 2 more tips as shown in Figures 4 7 and 4 8 Figure 4 7 explains that these Don t show this again specs are approximate and that there are other things which can effect performance and durability other than what is described by these few specs Figure 4 8 is letting you know that many of the specs you have picked for this Short Block will be hidden when you are returned to the Short Block specs menu This is our attempt to avoid confusing or overwhelming the Beginner User with numbers and names they are not familiar with The Short Block menu will now look like Figure 4 9 155 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 9 Short Block Menu with Typical 2 0L 4 Cyl Example Specs Loaded l Short Block Notice that most specs have been it Te SSE oe ee cutn Liers hidden to avoid ae Sne oa confusing the 8 50 Beginner User Chamber Volume 4 07 i However Bore in Accessories is visible and can be adjusted to match Losses Help your application Click on the down arrow button to select Accessories No accessories no fan no water pump to either use your own specs in this menu for example full or to Pick an Example set of specs If you vehicle have picked Example Specs the Example name will appear here unless you change accessories or some of the Example specs p 15 minimum dynamomete
178. ge from 65 to 80 This combo box lets you pick a general rating If you do not have a compressor map pick 70 or pick an Example Turbocharger 53 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions CFM at Peak Efficiency Is the CFM where peak efficiency occurs CFM is usually the horizontal X scale of a compressor map If you do not have a compressor map estimate Island CFM from your engine s displacement and application as in Table 2 9 or pick one from the Turbocharger Library Table 2 9 Estimate Peak Efficiency CFM less than50 Street s FOC J1 50 100 50 100 100 150 100 150 150 250 150 250 250 400 400 600 Street 350 2 400 600 Pres Ratio at Pk Effcy Is the pressure ratio PR where peak efficiency occurs PR is usually the vertical Y scale of a compressor map and is usually in the range from 1 5 to 2 5 If you do not have a compressor map use a PR of 1 8 or pick one from the Turbocharger Examples Turbine Nozzle This combo box lets you pick a general description of the exhaust turbine s minimum flow area or nozzle This spec determines when the compressor will start to produce boost the smaller the nozzle and the earlier lower the RPM the boost comes on 54 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Safety Note Although the Engine Analyzer can do a very realistic job of estimating turbocharger performance DO NOT rely on it al
179. ght 2 08 2 08 1 8 1 0 87 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions You could either enlarge the width from 1 0 to 1 16 or enlarge the height from 1 8 to 2 08 to obtain the recommended area but not both If you want to increase both width and height the final dimensions multiplied together should equal the recommended area Spec Inertia Len in and Rec Area sq in in Is the length specified in the Running Conditions menu as For This Int Runner Length The area and diameter given will give optimum inertia tuning for this engine and this specified runner length However runner velocity may not be optimum Also see Rec Inertia Len in and Rec Area sq in in Rec Len 2nd Pulse in and Rec Area sq in in Is the intake runner length to produce strong resonance tuning for this engine This will appear in the Test Results as a strong In ResTunPrs pressure at this RPM This resonance pulse is from the second reflection and is usually the strongest pulse available for resonance tuning The area and diameter given will also give optimum inertia tuning for this engine and this runner length Also see Rec Inertia Len in and Rec Area sq in in Rec Len 3rd Pulse in and Rec Area sq in in Is the intake runner length to produce strong resonance tuning for this engine This will appear in the Test Results as a strong In ResTunPrs pressure at this RPM This resonance pulse is from the third reflection and i
180. gine file for a particular engine it is best to start with an existing file which most closely resembles that engine Then modify all the specifications to match that engine for the things which you can measure or you know for certain For other specifications like Runner Flow Effcy Exh System CFM Rating etc you may not have data to make a calculation Estimate these values as best you can from the tables or equations provided in Chapter 2 Calculate performance and compare the Engine Analyzer s results with your engine s actual dynamometer results or desired torque and HP objectives First compare the Engine Analyzer s secondary information not Brk Tq and Brake HP to that which has been measured on the dynamometer i e air flow Actual CFM fuel flow Fuel Flow friction HP Friction HP intake vacuum Int Vacuum exhaust back pressure Exh Pres and Mach Actual CFM Actual CFM is the volume of air flowing into the engine If the dynamometer data has air flow readings try to match its CFM readings to those of the Engine Analyzer Most dynamometer equipment reads out directly in Actual CFM Actual CFM air flow can be increased by several means depending on the RPM where the increase is needed 225 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes a a To increase Actual CFM at low RPM with little effect at higher RPM Change Intake Heat to Less or None to allow less heat to be transferred to the intake charge
181. gory click on the Use Catagory button or just Double Click on the catagory to pick in one Delete Chosen Catagory step C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Figure 2 50 Saving an Example Current Specs to be Saved Enter most any name up to the number of d letters this box allows Runner Diameter in different number of Runner Length in letters for different Flow Efficiency components Intake Heat Saving option not available in Beginner User Mode e Not all specs have Examples available and some Example categories have very few examples from which to choose These features will expand with later updates e The specs in these Examples are approximate Different pieces of hardware and later designs may have different specs producing very different results You will be more accurate if you use your own figures from your own tests or the latest information from the manufacturer e No checks are made to see if your combination of Examples is physically possible You can choose to put small block Ford Torquer II intake on a 5 HP Briggs amp Stratton short block with a big block Chevy cylinder head This may be an interesting what if but you must realize this hardware will NOT bolt together 119 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output 120 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output Chapter 3 Output The Engine Anal
182. h of Hydraulic Cam with Stock Cam last results Engine Analyzer v3 0 302 4 Back File Format View Help history LA cam TQ HP Baseline lel El d elele lelei Me eN Evien Se seated Click on Last to show last results Stock i pea Cam with Horsepower current results Hydraulic Cam Horsepower Small increase in Pk HP and Pk HP occurs at a higher RPM with larger Hydraulic Cam Note large loss i in low RPM 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 6000 5500 6000 RPM torque What this is saying is the program believes this new cam coupled with the production valve train may produce lifter pump up at some of the RPMs tested To see which RPMs click on the slide bar to the right side of the RPM Data results and slide the button down The Lifter Pump Up line is second from the bottom See Figure 4 27 Click on the Graph button to obtain the graph of Figure 4 28 The graph more clearly shows that this aftermarket hydraulic cam looses a lot of low RPM torque with a very small increase in Peak HP Click on Back to return to the Test Results screen then Back again to return to the Main Screen Run New Solid Roller Cam Return to the Cam Valve Train menu and start entering specs for the Solid Roller cam in Table 4 1 There are 3 big difference in the specs for this cam compared to the Stock Cam and the Hydraulic Cam e There are no Duration at 050 numbers just Advertised Duration e There are no Centerline numbe
183. haust temperatures over revving the turbo turbo lag etc The Engine Analyzer should only be used to estimate performance gains and understand the performance tradeoffs Installing a turbo not properly matched to the engine can be dangerous to you and your engine Centrifugal Supercharger Return to the Supercharger menu and switch from a turbocharger to a belt driven Centrifugal supercharger Choose the Centrifugal Supercharger for the Supercharger Type in the upper left corner of the Supercharger Menu You have a friend who has an older used Paxton tm supercharger who will sell it cheap There is a Paxton Example already provided by Performance Trends in the Centrifugal Supercharger Examples Click on Get Examples then pick the Centrifugal Superchargers as the Category under Performance Trends Examples You will then obtain the list shown in Figure 4 43 Figure 4 43 List of Performance Trends Centrifugal Supercharger Examples Peak CFM at PrsRatio PullyRPM Ma Click on Centrifugal Superchargers Effcy Pk Eff at PREff at PREff eean your Original Paxton Cre EE choice to highlight then click on Pick to pick it Or double click on choice to 60 avg estimate 6S5 Good estimate 65 Good 65 Good 7OeVGood 704VGood Vortech V4 i 654 Good PRRERERREN Tip Click on Example to highlight pick In 1 it then click on Pick or Delete ado button Double click to pick Example in 1 step 184 C Performance Tre
184. he Analysis Options menu Short Form Report by clicking on Analyze in the menu bar See Figure 3 3 Desired HP Peak RPM Ri Application Suect Suin E The Analysis report consists of 2 5 pages of suggestions for improving performance safety warnings etc concerning the performance results calculated See Figure 3 4 for a screen report IMPORTANT The Engine Analyzer can NOT anticipate all UNSAFE and poor performing situations Do NOT rely only on the Analysis report to point out problems and SAFETY HAZARDS You must use your own judgment and expert advice by experienced engine builders and the manufacturer of the engine components Short Form Check this Option box if you feel very comfortable with running the Engine Analyzer and understanding its output If you do not check this option you will obtain the full report which gives additional tips on changing the Engine Analyzer inputs to obtain the desired performance level Desired HP Peak RPM Enter the RPM where you would like this engine s HP to peak The Analysis report will give suggestions for specifications to produce good performance at this RPM 123 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output Application Click this combo box for the following choices Mild Street An engine driven primarily on the street It must idle well run a low RPM and have a full exhaust system Street Strip An engine designed for occasional racing but mus
185. hese systems generally have runner lengths in the 8 to 20 inch range Injected intakes on engines with from 2 4 cylinders also exhibit secondary or low speed tuning effects See Appendix 3 and Example 4 2 Fuel injection is the fuel metering device and a throttle body meters air Split Plenum This type of manifold is very similar to the Single Plenum EFI above EFI except it has a split plenum each side supplying air to only half of the cylinders This type of fuel injected intake is usually used on engines with 6 or more cylinders to produce secondary tuning effects for improved low speed torque Ind Runner This manifold type has all cylinders completely isolated from one another carb s This type of system generally offers the best potential for intake tuning However these systems can be restrictive even with a large Total CFM Ratings For example each cylinder can draw from a 600 CFM carb on a single plane V 8 manifold However each cylinder could only draw from a 75 CFM carburetor one eighth of 600 CFM with an individual runner system with a Total CFM Rating of 600 Individual runner manifolds will exhibit no secondary or low speed tuning effects If you specify Of Cylinders as 1 in the Short Block specs the program assumes an individual runner system no matter what type is selected here This system uses carburetors as the fuel metering device Ind Runner This type is like Ind Runner carb s except fuel injection
186. his number of intake valves If 2 valves are specified both valves are assumed to be equal size and opened exactly the same If 2 ports are specified the program also assumes the intake manifold has the same number of runners Therefore if you have 2 valves per cylinder and the ports from these valves siamese run into each other in the head or right after the head specify the number of ports as 1 21 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Valve Diameter in Is the outside largest diameter of the head of the intake valve s in inches This is not throat area Avg Port Diameter in Identifies the average inside diameter of the intake port s over their entire length in the cylinder head Usually this can be measured at the end of the port which mates to the intake manifold A more precise way is to calculate the diameter by measuring the port volume and port length If you know port CCs enter it in the spec below first making sure the Port Length is accurate If the ports are oval or rectangular or you know the port volume in CCs and length click on the Cle button described in section 2 9 3 to calculate the effective diameter If you set the number of ports to 2 this is the diameter of only 1 of these ports These ports are assumed to be the same length and diameter Port Volume CCs Is the volume of the intake port in CCs cubic centimeters This value can be input directly then the Avg Por
187. ick on Beginner User Open up this Engine file by clicking on the Open button as shown in Figure 4 2 Move through the list clicking on engines which look similar to your Ford 2 0L You will be shown a preview or summary of the engine Unfortunately there are no similar 4 cylinder engines so you will use whatever engine was loaded in the program when you started it The name of this engine is shown at the top of the Main Screen as shown in Figure 4 2 151 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 1 Main Screen_ Click Preferences to see if Beginner User mode has been selected has check mark bv it Engine Analyzer v3 0 Performance Trends 302 4 File engine Calc HP F2 WALER Help F1 Beginner User v Calc CCs from Dia when Po eq Changes j lt Note Calc Dia from CCs when Port Len Changes 3 here that Show Comparison when picking Examples Beginner Don t Show Example Comparison is th l Set Default Test Pres currently 28 0 S me current Restart Displaying Help Ti INE esta isplaying Help Tips mode Oy t Show Valve Open Close Events and is alve Open Close Events hecked Int 202 dur PC L Exh 202 dur 114 C L 050 inches lift checke Help Comments Click here Move mouse over an item for a 1985 Production Ford 302 HO 4 barrel carb to show description to be given in the Help Factory rated at 270 ft Ibs 3200 210 HP 4400 Short frame at the lower left corner Specs
188. ies can be calculated As valve lift increases the valve opening area curtain area increases flow increases and the flow efficiency changes somewhat See Figures 2 8 This continues until valve lift is approximately equal to 1 4 the valve s diameter This lift is also called an L D ato of valve lif Table 2 2 Estimate Intake Flow Efficiency sd to valve diameter of 25 _ At this point the valve area stops increasing with lif The minimum flow area is now the valve throat not the see eM a eae 35 40 aera valve area although i flow may still increase 1960s and 1970s production domestic OHC orik Thestlowrathicieney ata valve lift of L D 1 4 1980s ported production OHV 47 52 ratio of valve lift to valve diameter is the one which the Engine Analyzer uses to estimate the valve s entire flow curve Flow efficiencies at L D 1 4 can vary from 20 for a restrictive portvalve up to 75 80 for the best latest racing technology It is best to have flow bench data for the cylinder heads being used to calculate the Flow Efficiency as shown in Section 2 9 5 The next best estimate of Flow Efficiency is by picking an Example Head If you can not find your head or a similar head in these Examples use Table 2 2 for a general idea for estimating Flow Efficiency You can also obtain estimates in the program similar to Table 2 2 by clicking on the Clc button then answering No that you do not have flow bench data Y
189. ift 1 Exh Valve Lift 660 Crank Deg Click here or on Format or on cam TqHP to produce Valve Lift graph shown here Note that both the aftermarket cams have much more lift than the stock cam but neither produce that much more performance and on average loose performance Greater lift for approximately the same duration also explains why the aftermarket cams show valve train problems Click and drag mouse to draw box surrounding this area to zoom in on overlap Figure 4 36 175 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 35 also shows that even though the Solid Roller Cam had 264 degrees of Advertised Duration it actually shows less duration on the graph than the Hydraulic Cam with only 220 degrees of Duration at 050 lift Advertised duration numbers are always much higher than the duration at 050 numbers for the same cam Figure 4 36 Zooming In on Overlap Area of Valve Lift Graph a Analyzer v3 0 302 4 Back File Format View Help HISTORY last CAM tq hp Baseline HEA EEH SE SCS p Eng Sole de va 0 FENS em vs a Cielo Gul is difficult to Exh Valve Lift see which line hydraulic cam is which lint Valve Lift Exh Valve Lift Hydraulic Cam has highest stock cam int valve Lift overlap area Exh Valve Lift Solid Roller has somewhat more overlap area than the Stock Cam Stock Cam has lowest overlap area Crank Deg Figure 4
190. iles Check Appendix 5 and 6 for new features added in std and Plus versions 3 2 and 3 4 You may want to use the results from the Engine Analyzer in other software packages This could be for additional plot capabilities statistical analysis data basing etc Click on File then select the Save Current Test Results to ASCII File to write the results to an ASCII file with a name of your choosing This Figure 3 5 Ascii File Options command is possible any time tabular calculated Save as ASCII File results are displayed on the screen You can only save the RPM data test results for the ASCII File Options results currently displayed on the Test Results screen X Comma Separated This consists of the RPM Brk Tq Brake HP etc C Include Text l Convert to Columns Comma Separated FileName Check this box if you want commas separating the data leave unchecked and the data is separated by spaces Tip Enter a valid file name no path to save ASCII file to Engine Analyzer directory Include Text Refer to page 98 and 102 in User s Manual for definitions of Options Check this box if you want the titles of the data included in the file leave unchecked and no titles are included Some software packages want only numbers in the files they read Lifter Pump Up or Valve Toss is also converted to numbers from 0 None to 3 Severe if you leave Include Text unchecked Convert to Columns Check this box if you want the da
191. ime Also notice that Exh Pres did not drop to 0 Hg but stayed up around 24 PSI That is because Exh Pres is the pressure before the turbo The pressure after the turbo which is not reported would drop to 0 since there was no restriction from an exhaust system 181 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 40 Small and Medium Turbo Performance Without Exhaust System Engine Analyzer v3 0 Performance Trends 302 4 a ma ai Print View SendToVehProgram File Analyze Help F1 send Mote Notes Summary Piston speed somewhat high PkTq Avg PkKHP Avg Cmnts P Knock Click on Notes for details New 408 349 348 251 Last 379 316 263 210 Note 29 ft Ib and 85 HP increase with the Medium Test History aon Show History Clear erase History Print pest Tie ___ASave Peak Ta _ _ Ino vg Taline Peak HP___llncf Avg HP incr af E 1 at 348 at a Tests are 0 a wo Exh oa 5 HE g 5 Small Turbo 364 3 at 2500 96 253a at 4500 Stock 302 4 268 at 3000 0 219 at 4500 302 4 Mon Oct 12 98 2 32 pm 268 at 3000 11 219 at 4500 Hydraulic Cam 257 at 4000 0 221 at 5000 302 4v Mon Oct 12 98 1 35 pm 257 at 4000 11 221 at 5000 302 4v Mon Oct 12 98 1 32 pm 268 at 3000 4 219 at 4500 Solid Roller Cam 272 at 3000 15 217 at 4500 Hydraulic Cam 257 at 4000 11 221 at 5000 Ed being renamed with meaningful titles as they are being performed and added to the Click on Test Title 1st column to
192. ing any spec related to the example will change the Type from the example name to the general name of Use Specs Below The example name is a handy reminder of what the specs in this menu represent so you may not want to change any of these blue spec settings Design This combo box lets you pick a general description of the Roots supercharger This description determines the amount of leakage around the seals More leakage spins easier has less rubbing friction but does not build as much boost especially at low RPM If you pick one of the screw types the program also assumes a higher thermal efficiency Whipple tm and PSI tm are brand names of screw type Roots superchargers 57 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Volume Revolution cu in A Roots blower develops boost when the mass of air it pumps to the engine is greater than the mass of air the engine could accept at zero boost In order for the engine to accept this mass of air it must be compressed so a given mass of air occupies less volume Therefore a Roots supercharger boost level is directly related to the mass of air it can pump This mass of air depends on supercharger RPM engine RPM and belt ratio and supercharger swept volume per revolution The Volume Revolution spec is critical and is generally available from the supercharger manufacturer The Volume Revolution for GMC blowers can be calculated from the following equations
193. ing of the nitrous oxide added by the 2nd stage Total nitrous HP is then Ist Stage HP 2nd Stage HP 2nd Stage Starting RPM RPM where injection from the 2nd stage starts Fuel Specs Fuel Type Specifies the type of fuel being burned either street gasoline alcohol methanol or Very Rich Alcohol The Engine Analyzer makes the following assumptions about the difference between these fuels e Alcohol is run at 5 0 A F versus 12 5 for gas e Alcohol is 13 more dense than gas e Alcohol almost always produces 8 12 more power than gas e Alcohol at 5 0 has the same burn rate as gas at 12 5 and therefore requires the same spark advance In actual practice there is conflicting data concerning alcohol s burn rate or required spark advance It appears very dependent of A F mixture quality A F distribution and other factors difficult to simulate Therefore this assumption is made 67 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions The differences between Alcohol and Very Rich Alcohol include e Very Rich Alcohol produces less power e Very Rich Alcohol runs 67 richer or A F of 3 1 e Very Rich Alcohol nearly completely eliminates any detonation Obviously many more considerations must be made when building an alcohol engine than what are considered in the Engine Analyzer Generally alcohol has a fuel octane R M 2 of 100 but its cooling effects shows less detonation potential than 100 octane gasoline Fue
194. ion Menus and for an example of their use C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Test Pressure Water Is the pressure drop maintained across the port and valve during the flow test measured in inches of water From Figure 2 32 you would enter 25 If you have test pressure in inches of Mercury multiply by 13 6 to obtain Water Test Pressure Water Test Pressure Mercury x 13 6 This is initially set to the Default Test Pressure When you first get your program this is set to 28 because 28 is so common However you can change Test Pressure to most anything you want Ten 10 and 25 are other common flow bench test pressures If you usually get flow data at some pressure other than 28 you can change the Default Test Pressure by clicking on Preferences at the Main Screen then Set Default Test Pressure currently xx See Preferences on page 14 of this manual Valves Cylinder Figure 2 32 Typical Flow Curve valve dia 1 52 Flow CFM 25 200 150 100 50 0 0 1 2 3 4 Valve Lift inches 5 Lift Diameter 4 Lift 38 CFM 192 The number of intake or exhaust valves being flowed during the test Most cylinder heads have only 1 intake and 1 exhaust valve so this value would be 1 This number is set to whatever is currently in the Layout spec in the Head s menu for this port If this is not correct for the flow test
195. irst setup the Engine Analyzer will ask you to enter your name as the Registered Owner During this first session you can modify it until you are satisfied Once you accept the name the computer will generate a code based on the name To be eligible for Tech Help you will need both your registered name and code and to have sent in your registration card The name you enter should be very similar to the name you enter on the registration card Click on About in the Main Menu to review your name and code Then you must unlock the program take it out of demo mode by entering the correct working code given to you by Performance Trends This code is based on the Registered Name and Registered Code number and could have come on paperwork or in an email sent to you from Performance Trends If you do not have this working code email feedback performancetrends com the Exact Registered Name and Registered Code and we will email your working code You will enter the working code by clicking on File upper left corner of the program then Unlock Program Depending on the version of program you purchased std or Plus you will get a different working code This code works on ALL computers as long as you use the same Reg Name 4 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 1 Introduction 1 5 Example to Get You Going To start the Engine Analyzer click on the Desktop icon or click on Start then Programs then Perf Tr
196. is the fuel fuel ini metering device and individual port throttles meter air Runner Diameter in Identifies the effective average inside diameter of the intake manifold runner s If the runners are oval or rectangular or you know the runner volume and length click on the Cle button as described in section 2 9 4 to calculate the effective average diameter The program assumes the same number of intake manifold runners per cylinder as you specify in the Layout in the cylinder Head s menu The Runner Diameter is the diameter of only 1 of the runners All runners are assumed to be the same length and diameter 31 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Runner Length in Is the length of the intake runner from the cylinder head port to the first abrupt enlargement of the runner upstream of the cylinder head The abrupt enlargement can be several different things e The intake manifold plenum The plenum is the open area where all the runners merge directly under the carburetor s or after the throttle body on fuel injected manifolds The best example of a plenum is the very evident box on tunnel ram type manifolds e The end which is open to atmosphere or air cleaner on individual runner fuel injection or carburetion For individual runner carb systems the runner length actually extends through the carb and through any velocity stack or air horn e Any point where a runner from one cylinde
197. itions 2 9 9 Calc Max Lobe Lift Is the maximum lobe or tappet lift for the cam Max Lobe Lift is defined on page 47 under Cam Valve Train specs See page 91 for general notes on Calculation Menus and for an example of their use Advertised Valve Lift in The valve lift you see in the cam grinder s ads catalog or cam card in inches Assumed Rocker Arm Ratio The Rocker Arm Ratio assumed by the cam grinder for the particular engine This should be stated somewhere in the catalog or on the card Note that this assumed rocker arm ratio may be different than what you are actually using on the engine 2 9 10 Calc Belt Ratio Figure 2 41 Calc Max Lobe Lift Calc Max Lobe Lift in Calc Max Lobe Lift in Cam Grinder s Specs Advertised Valve Lift in Assumed Rocker Arm Ratio hs l Notes Advertised Valve Lift is gross valve lift from base circle assuming no lash You must use the Rocker Arm Ratio assumed in the cam grinder s catalog which may NOT be the Rocker Arm Ratio in the engine Check with cam grinder but here are some examples 1 5 Small Block Chevy Big Block Chevy 289 302 351 W Ford 351C 351 400M 429 460 Ford 352 390 428 Ford 383 440 Mopar 273 31 8 340 360 Mopar Oldsmobile 8 Pontiac Y 8 sometimes 1 65 Buick 8 AMC V 8 mow oS oy Cnc oy ae et tot ot st et et et Is the Belt Ratio for either a Roots or Centrifugal supercharger calculated from the following specs
198. k on the exhaust rather than just flow the head only 2 33 Runner Flow Effcy Options Do you have flow bench data for A bare head 2 9 6 Runner Flow Efficiency aah Click on the Cle button by Flow Efficiency in the 2 Thig same head with this Intake Manifold Intake menu or Exhaust menu and you are first Select No to pick Runner Flow Efficiency from presented with the screen of Figure 2 33 Click on alist Yes only if you have flow bench data Then you Important DO NOT choose Yes and guess at will be presented with the menu shown in section the flow data as this will produce very 2 9 6 2 If you answer No you are presented with inaccurate results the menu below in section 2 9 6 1 Yes 101 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 2 9 6 1 Estimated Runner Figure 2 34 Estimated Flow Efficienc Sa mAT Flow Efficiency Est Runner Flow Efficinecy Est Flow Efficiency Pick Manifold Description 75 Good Production significant flow This calculation menu simply presents a list general descriptions of ports and a typical Flow Efficiency Note Pick Manifold Descri ptio n Select a general description of your Intake Manifold Desctiption in paranthesis gives some idea of the flow loss the manifold would produce when bolted to a head on a flow bench Simply click on the down arrow for the combo compared to the bare head with radiused inlet box for the list to appear then c
199. ke zoom shift line styles etc Improved accuracy On screen help by simply clicking on any input spec If you require more detailed analysis or more features you may need our Engine Analyzer Pro C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 1 Introduction 1 2 Before You Start What you will need IBM Pentium or 100 compatible 16 Meg of RAM Approximately 8 Megabyte of disk space Windows 95 98 Me XP 2000 or NT Printer optional Many terms used by the Engine Analyzer and this user s manual are similar to terms used by other publications like Flow Efficiency Mach etc However these terms may have different definitions Therefore read Chapter 2 to see what these terms mean to the Engine Analyzer Occasionally it will be necessary to identify typos in the manual known bugs and their fixes etc which were not known at the time of publication These will be identified in a file called README DOC in the Engine Analyzer directory or folder To read this file in Windows 3 1 double click on Notepad in the Accessories program group Then click on File then Open and select All Files for the file type Find the Engine Analyzer directory usually EA30 under PERFTRNS PTI and click on README DOC Notepad will display the contents To read this file in Windows 95 use Windows Explorer to find the Engine Analyzer directory usually EA30 under PERFTRNS PTI Then double click on README DOC Wordpad will
200. l Octane R M 2 Is the octane rating of the gasoline as reported on a service station gas pump There are two methods fuel suppliers use to rate the octane number one is the Research method the other is the Motor method Generally the Motor method will give an octane rating approximately 4 12 octane s lower than the Research method The octane rating given at the gas pump is the average of the Research and the Motor ratings In fact gas pumps will often display the formula R M 2 to say their octane rating is the Research octane plus the Motor octane divided by 2 To estimate Fuel Octane from the Research octane simply subtract 4 To estimate Fuel Octane from the Motor octane simply add 4 For example if you know the Motor octane is 94 enter a Fuel Octane R M 2 of 94 4 98 into the Engine Analyzer The Engine Analyzer assumes that as octane increases vapor pressure decreases Vapor pressure is a measure of how easily the gas evaporates or can be atomized What this means is that the higher the octane the more likely you are to have poor A F Mix Qal in the results resulting in possibly significant power loss This means that for best performance only use as much octane as you need to eliminate detonation by keeping Knock Index low This spec is disabled if you choose one of the Alcohol fuesl and the program picks the octane RPMs to Run Starting RPM See RPM Step Size below 68 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 E
201. l intake air temperature 64 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions If this temperature is in First Multiply by Then Add Degrees R 1 460 Degrees C 1 8 32 Degrees K 1 8 460 To obtain degrees F For example 30 deg C 30 x 1 8 32 86 degrees F Dew Point Deg F The dew point in degrees F of the air at the track or dyno room which describes the air s humidity level The Dew Point must be less than Intake Air Temp deg F Dew Point can be calculated from either wet and dry bulb temperatures or from relative humidity and air temperature readings by clicking on the Clc button See Section 2 9 12 Dew Point is a less confusing way of describing the air s moisture level than relative humidity Relative humidity readings are only meaningful if you also know the air temperature when the reading was made However the air s dew point remains constant even when the air temperature changes For example 40 degree air with a 80 relative humidity has only a 10 relative humidity when the air is heated to 100 degrees However the dew point remains at 36 degrees for both air temperatures Elevation ft Is the elevation of the race track or dynamometer room above sea level measured in feet This value should be available from the local weather station and is used to correct the Barometric Pressure Hg specification Barometric pressure drops as you go up in elevation There are two different ways of e
202. l of the reciprocating components of engines of very different sizes For example engines with typical production parts can usually rev up to a piston speed on 2750 ft min without overly stressing pistons connecting rods etc The equation for piston speed is Piston Speed 2 x Stroke inches x RPM 12 You can see that Piston Speed only depends on RPM and Stroke An engine with a 4 stroke will reach 2750 ft min at 4125 RPM but an engine with only a 3 inch stroke can rev to 5500 before it reaches 2750 ft min Both of these engines will be putting approximately the same stress on the rods and pistons at these quite different RPMs This is the reason 100 cc racing motorcycle engines can rev to 25000 RPM but 500 CID Pro Stock motors can only rev to 9000 RPM See also Piston Gs TDC Piston Gs Is the piston acceleration in Gs where the piston changes direction at TDC TDC is generally where the highest piston Gs occur Internal stresses of many reciprocating components are directly related to piston Gs For example if piston Gs increase 25 you need parts which are 25 stronger Consult the manufacturer of your rotating and reciprocating components to determine their maximum G load ratings for various applications Overlap VE Is the amount volumetric efficiency increases due to scavenging during overlap This scavenging can aid overall volumetric efficiency if Overlap VE is positive but detracts from volumetric efficiency if it is neg
203. l vs Medium Turbo Performance an Analyzer v3 0 302 4 Back File Format View Help history LAST cam TQ HP Baseline ict i elel lele bod ste current Torque Horsepower last results i ME Note that eee a Medium turbo does not beat the small turbo until 2500 RPM but above 2500 RPM the Medium turbo is the clear winner 50 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 6000 5500 6000 RPM JE Analyzer v3 0 302 4 Back File Format View Help HISTORY last cam TQ HP Baseline HHA EEA Cele Del bad eel sl el elected v3 0 Tq amp HP vs RPM oe oceane H H i i i Dareenenet p medium wo exh Torque Horsepower Octane increase shows fairly small improvement throughout the RPM range 50 L L L L L L 4 4 3 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 RPM 183 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Now that you know that a Medium turbo could perform well you may want to get actual specs from various turbo suppliers and do more precise simulations You could also load in Example turbos provided in the program by Performance Trends To see what Example turbos are available click on Turbocharger Type and select the Pick an Example option or click on the Get Example button at the bottom of the menu Safety Note Remember the turbo manufacturer or supplier has experience with factors not considered by the Engine Analyzer These factors include high ex
204. lations do not use this simple rule of thumb but it is a good starting point for many engines Rec Len 2nd Pulse and Primary Tube O D Is the exhaust runner length from the valve to the collector to produce strong resonance tuning for this engine This resonance pulse is from the second reflection and is usually not as strong as the first pulse The diameter given is for the outside diameter of 18 gauge tubing which will give a calculated exhaust runner velocity of approximately 300 ft sec Also see Rec Len 1st Pulse and Rec Area 300 ft sec Approx Cam Specs for HP Peak xxxx based on current cam The following cam specs are estimated to produce a HP peak at the RPM specified above as xxxx These recommendations are based on these assumptions e HP peak will appear at certain Mach s Mach is based only on intake valve flow potential intake cam profile and engine size See Mach definition on page 76 e Tuning effects are not included which have a large impact on the particular cam profile and cam timing lobe centerline to use e Changes in cam duration and lift will produce predictable changes in intake valve flow potential The more different the current cam s specs are from the recommended cam s specs the more error in this assumption 89 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions sss eee Therefore it is obvious that these recommendations can not accurately predict what camsha
205. lculated Cam Specs Help z Click on the down arrow button to select to Lobe Separation either use your own specs in this menu or to Pick an Example set of specs If you have Intake Gross Valve Liftin 448 picked Example Specs the Example name wil appear here unless you change some of the Exhaust Gross Valve Lift in 448 Example specs This screen shows the full Cam Valve Train menu with the Preference Show Valve Open Close Events checked Checking the Preference Don t Show Valve Open Close Events greatly simplifies this menu See page 14 as 28 c L028 mn 43 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Cam and valve train Figure 2 13 Engine Analyzer Cam Profile Definitions specifications are critical to engine performance Typical Exhaust Lobe therefore reliable information is necessary is Cam Degrees It is recommended that from this Lobe you use specifications i Centerline to given by the cam grinder Base Circle or engine manufacturer Actual measurements of cam specifications can be done however this can be tricky and therefore is recommended to have someone experienced perform them Guides for making these measurements are also available from cam grinders and lt Awv Dur manufacturers of valve train components and are Max Lobe Lift Lobe Separation Intake Centerline Lash at Tappet Lobe Centerline
206. ld be brought down to its original ambient temperature as specified by Air Temp in the Weather Conditions in the Running Conditions menu with no change in boost pressure See Table 2 10 for definitions of the various ratings Note If the compressed air s temperature has increaded more than 300 degrees above ambient the intercooler s effectiveness drops This is to more realistically simulate real intercoolers Table 2 10 Descriptions of Intercooler Effectiveness Intercooler System 0 No Intercooler No cooling of the intake charge takes place that no intercooler is installed 25 Steady Runng The intake charge is brought back 25 to its original temperature 55 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Air to Air This level simulates a typical air to air intercooler which has been running continually at full boost for over 30 seconds or more An intercooler s effectiveness tends to drop under sustained full boost operation as the intercooler tends to heat up 50 Quick Accel Air The intake charge is brought back 50 to its original temperature to Air This level simulates a typical air to air intercooler for a short burst to full boost from a light load condition The intercooler will not be as hot and can cool the incoming air better until the intercooler heats up 75 Air to Water The intake charge is brought back 75 to its original temperature This level simulates a special interc
207. lders can likely pick better Starting Point Specs than the program simply from their experience The fine tuning of these specs through detailed cut and try analysis on the computer is the Engine Analyzer s real strength Starting Point suggestions given here are based on current engine speq and may NOT give best performance and MUST be refined through cuf and try running the program Runner Dimensions are for Port PLUS Intake Manifold Runner or Exhaust Header Primary Pipe What this means is that these specs might be a good first try But then you should start making small changes in runner lengths diameters cam advance and retard duration centerlines etc Constantly compare what these changes do compared to the performance these Starting Point Suggestion produced Keep the best combination which could be quite different than these suggestions 86 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Intake Dimensions for x Runner cylinder The following sets of lengths and areas diameters are combinations which are tuned to the RPM specified The notation in parentheses identifies if the areas and diameters assume or 2 runners per cylinder based on your inputs for Port Layout in the Heads specs menu For example the area given for 2 runners per cylinder will be approximately half the area recommended for 1 runner per cylinder These lengths and areas are based on simplistic rules of thumb
208. led not dimmed gray so you can change them These specs require inputs to specify a turbocharger Assume at this time you are not considering an intercooler so leave Intercooler Eff at 0 No Intercooler Like many performance enthusiasts you do not know details about different turbochargers so you will let the program pick turbocharger specs This is done by clicking on the Type item at the top of the Turbocharger section Since your 302 is street driven you should try a small turbocharger Small turbochargers come on quicker at a lower RPM which is better suited for the street Select Estimate a Small Turbo from the list of Types 179 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 38 Supercharger Menu Simulating a Typical Small Turbo Supercharger Specs Design Hoois Gauperchasces Type Turbocharger l Type Use Specs Below Turbocharger Besige Street Roots w Average Seals Type Estimate a Small Turbo Volume Revohition cuin 40 O Peak Efficiencs amp Bek Aste Bek Hario 2 OFM at Peak E Hicience Pres Rato at Pk Effex Lentrfugal Supercharge bine Nezzie Avg Street Strip lFyge Use Specs Below amp Peak Efficience astegate Limit PSI Peak iiiewenes 160 Ava broad flow al Fe 3 T Neg soe rane Ease Eff Z e z EFM at Peak E fficience Pres Rato at Pk Effey Hp o gt nn Pulley APM at Peak Efp issoo Click on arrow to pick intercooler effectiveness at Pulle
209. les button Double click to pick Example in 1 step Note that this message will be shown again the next time you start the program However if you do not want to see this reminder again click on the Don t Show This Again box then on OK and you won t see this tip again even if you restart the program 154 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 7 Notes on Example Data Most of these specs are taken from sources like Motors or Chiltons repair manuals If your particular engine has been overbored be sure to add this amount to the standard Bore given here Rod Lengths give here may be an estimate but usually does not have a large effect on performance IMPORTANT Do not use Rod Lengths given here to determine required piston Compression Height as manufacturers many times used different length rods in similar size engines Pick click on the Typical Short Blocks to highlight it then click on the Use Category button You will get a list of Typical Short Blocks z RE listed by size in Liters or cubic Figure 4 8 Tip Explaining Specs Will be Hidden inches and number of cylinders Engine Analyzer v3 0 Tip Find the 2 0L 4 cylinder engine ee area Most or all of the specs for the Example ae ks gate then click component just chosen will be hidden on the 1i Dutton to CHoose 1t This is in an effort to keep the screen You will be returned to the Short less confusin
210. lick on your choice There are more choices than can Use Calc Value Heip Cance Print appear at time on the list so be sure to scroll Use Cale Value Help Cancel Print down through all choices The Flow Efficiency for your choice will appear at the top as the Est Flow Efficiency Pick Header Description 2 9 6 2 Calc Runner Flow Efficiency Is the intake or exhaust runner Flow Efficiency calculated from the following specs Runner Flow Efficiency is defined on page 26 under Intake System specs and page 36 under Exhaust System specs Also see Section 2 9 4 describing Valve Flow Efficiency See page 91 for general notes on Calculation Menus and for an example of their use Flow Data Head Only Test Pressure Water The pressure drop maintained across the port valve and runner during both portions of the flow test measured in inches of water If you have test pressure in inches of Mercury multiply by 13 6 to obtain Water Test Pressure Water Test Pressure Mercury x 13 6 102 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions This is initially set to the Default Test Pressure a i Figure 2 35 Calculated Flow Efficienc usually 28 when you enter this menu However you can change it to most anything Calc Runner Flow Effcy Calc Runner Flow Effcy you want Ten 10 and 25 are other common flow bench test pressures See Test Pressure in Calc Valve Flow Effc
211. licking on OK or clicking on an area outside this menu Now click on the Calculate Performance button in the Main Screen to calculate performance for this 302 4V Engine The next menu will show you the Running Conditions menu as shown in Figure 1 2 Figure 1 2 Running Conditions Menu Engine Analyzer v3 0_Performance Trends _ 302 4v _ File ef Running Conditions Bom Test Conditions Fuel Specs 2 Fueltype facie d Bare Pres Hg Fuel Octane R M 2 inieke Ai Temp deg F RPMs to Run Dew Point deg F Mie Starting RPM Elevation feet Number of RPMs RPM Increment l Starting Point Suggestions System T No Nitrous Inject heeled For Peak HP at this RPM 4000 _ Ist Stage HP Rating TA Click here to calculate dyno 5 weather conditions or to Use Conds Below where you pe rformance 2nd Stage Stating APM 4000 A can set weather conditions p 64 chown ih pel Figure 1 3 Coolant Temp deg F Nitrous Oxide Specs ist Stage Staring HPM 2nd Siege Added HP C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 1 Introduction For now leave all the Running Conditions as they are and click on the Calculate Performance button This will start the program calculating performance for the specifications of the 302 4V stored in the Engine Library with the Running Conditions currently di
212. ll options and buttons are discussed in this section Check Appendix 5 and 6 for new features added in std and Plus versions 3 2 and 3 4 Figure 3 18 Printer Command and Menu of Printer Output Options The Windows Printer Setup option lets you choose the Laas E printer or printer driver being Test Results Report Options used by Windows and also the page orientation Click on Print or Request Report Comment the Printer Button Dot Matrix Printer Adjustment pel ia alte Options menu Print Report Using These Specs shown to the right F Other Printout Types L Engine Analyzer v3 0 Performance Print Blank Worksheet a Back Graph ME sendlo ehProgram Analyz Print Definitions of Outputs Print Results Ctri P Fm Print Blank Worksheet Print Definitions Windows Printer Setup vi page 141 in A Program Printer Setup manual for more info Include Engine Specs xh Pres Select this options if you want all the current Engine specs Transmission specs etc printed with the results This will add 1 page to the printed report Include Engine Comments Select this option if you want all the comments for the complete Engine printed with the results 141 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output Request Report Comment Select this option if you want to be asked for a comment for each particular report you send to the printer These report comments are use
213. lose to 1 4 the valve s diameter is given in the Notes at the bottom of this menu The program will warn you when Valve Lift is not 1 4 of Valve Diameter in this menu For example for a 1 52 diameter valve use flow CFM at 38 valve lift CFM at 4 lift would also be acceptable See Figure 2 33 Note This is NOT valve lift produced by the cam 103 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Flow w o Runner CFM Is the CFM flow obtained at the valve lift given for Valve Lift with only the cylinder head being flowed This flow should be the maximum obtainable for the head only To obtain maximum flows the entrance to the intake port should have an optimum bell mouth or radiused adapter for smooth air entry The exhaust side may also benefit from installing a short 3 12 straight section of smooth pipe You can experiment by simply holding tubes of various lengths and diameters up to the exhaust port to see the effect on flow Once you know the approximate dimensions which give maximum exhaust flow you may want to make a more permanent exhaust adapter for your flow tests Flow Data with x Runner The x in this heading is to indicate you must flow all runners connected to this cylinder for this test For example if the engine has 2 intake valves and 2 intake runners for each cylinder you must first flow both valves with no runner then add both runners and flow them again Runner Diameter in
214. m Iintvalve Lit oo position is not t Eat Valve Lif shown here Stock Cam and Hydraulic Roller have very similar Intake Closing events about 612 degrees shown by cursor Crank Degrees of cursor position CrankDeg 612 0 More Analysis Table 4 2 shows a comparison of the 3 cams looking at several different calculated results The table highlights some things we ve already discussed Overall the Stock Cam performs very well overall the best Avg Torque and Avg HP shows no Valve Train Problems and produces the highest Est Idle Vacuum Other points from Table 4 2 include e Cam timing affects nearly every aspect of engine performance e Typically torque drops and HP increases when duration increases Stock Cam vs Hydraulic Cam e Intake Closing strongly affects lower RPM torque Cranking Compression Pressure and Dynamic Compression Ratio Compare Solid Roller to the other 2 cams e The higher the overlap area the lower the Est Idle Vacuum e Although these cams produce much more lift and are more aggressive they show a very small amount of improvement even drops in performance is some areas However try these cams 177 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples VE again with better heads intake manifold and exhaust headers the story would probably be quite different This makes the point of how critical the combination of parts can be e Note that the Total Exh Int is
215. m Cam Grinder s Specs Advance in the General Cam Specs is set to 0 Straight Up and Lobe Separation in the Calculated Advertised Valve Lift in Cam Specs is 106 after you type in both centerlines Assumed Rocker Arm Ratio For Tappet Lift you will have to use the Calculation l Notes menu since you only have Valve Lift Click on the i Sept Valve Lift is ant valve lift from ase circle assuming no lash Cle button next to the Intake Max Lobe Lift and f You must use the Rocker Arm Ratio assumed in you ll get the menu shown in Figure 4 29 Since this the cam arinder s catalog which may NOT be the is a Small Block Ford the cam grinder is probably Rocker Arm Ratio in the engine Check with cam assuming a 1 6 rocker arm ratio as shown in the list grinder but here are some examples A 1 5 Small Block Chevy of Figure 4 29 so type in 1 6 for Assumed Rocker 7 Big Block Chevy Arm Ratio Note that even if you were using say 289 302 351W Ford i i f 351C 351 7400M 429 460 Ford 1 7 rocker a on os engine for ia calculation 3527390 428 Ford you must use the roc er arm ratio the cam grinder 383 440 Mopar used to come up with the advertised valve lift Then 273 318 340 360 Mopar type in 592 and the Calculation Menu shows a Calc Seher times 1 65 Max Lobe Lift of 37 inches Click on Use Calc Buck va pelle We Mes Value to load 37 into Intake Max Lobe Lift at the Cam Valve Train menu Since the Valve Lift and Assumed Rocker Arm
216. m restrictions cam timing etc A number which describes how dense the air is which enters the cylinder is the Volumetric Efficiency or Vol Eff as it is called by the Engine Analyzer See Vol Eff in Section 2 8 These 3 items are what determine the Air Flow Rate in equation 4 213 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes paal k aaa aa a a Although 14 6 A F is the perfect ratio chemically not every oxygen molecule in the air will find a fuel molecule to react burn with Therefore since air flow is the factor limiting power extra fuel is added to better ensure every oxygen molecule in the air can find a fuel molecule For this reason actual engines run at 11 5 13 5 A F to obtain maximum power 5 6 7 A F R CID x RPMx60x VE x 0764 728 2 100 Where CID is the cubic inch displacement of the engine RPM _ is the engine speed VE is the volumetric efficiency in for the air which actually stays in the cylinder 1728 converts cubic inches to cubic feet 60 converts RPM to Revs per Hour 0764 is an approximate density of air lb cu ft 100 is to convert VE to a simple fraction Multiplying all the constants together A F R CID x RPM x VE x 00001326 Substituting equation 6 into equation 4 HP out CID X RPM x VE x 00001326 x C E F x Eff AIF 2544 Now lets look at the last term in the equation Eff This efficiency term is actually talking about 2 separat
217. mance drops at 5500 RPM and higher to point out the Max Safe Pulley RPM has been exceeded 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 RPM C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Safety Note Unlike real superchargers you can over rev the supercharger in the Engine Analyzer with no problems Always follow the manufacturer s recommendations for maximum belt ratios and Max Safe Pulley RPM limits Since the centrifugal supercharger provides pretty good higher RPM power you are considering installing nitrous oxide injection as well You have heard that nitrous delivers tremendous low speed torque which would fill in torque at low RPM where the supercharger builds little boost At the Running Conditions menu install a small 75 HP single stage nitrous system activated at 2000 RPM by setting the Nitrous Oxide System specs as shown in Figure 4 48 Figure 4 48 Nitrous Oxide Specs in Running Conditions Menu for 75 HP Nitrous Kit Nitrous Oxide Specs System Type Snoes H Ist Stage HP Rating 1st Stage Starting RPM nd Glage Added HP fico 4000 nd Glage Staines PHPH Calculate Performance and then graph the results for this condition of the Original Paxton with a 75 HP Nitrous Oxide kit See Figure 4 49 Figure 4 49 Original Paxton with and without Nitrous Oxide Injection Engine Analyzer v3 0 302 4 Back File Format View Help HISTORY las
218. mples of specs for this menu Click here to save the appropriate current specs in this menu as an example in the list of example specs Click here to print this menu Is the name of the example specs if an example was used or else called something like Use Specs Below where specs are not from an example or are modified from an example Other options include Let program estimate specs C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 2 1 Preferences See Appendix 5 and 6 for many new Preferences which have been added Figure 2 3 Preferences Menu a Available from Main Screen Click on the Preferences item in the menu lyzer v3 0 Performance Trends 302 4 bar at the top of the Main Screen screen to Sarat Help Fl drop down the Preferences shown in Figure Beginner User 2 3 Here you can adjust some program in Experienced User se to petsoniiee aie piogminiur your Calc CCs from Dia when Port Len Changes i Calc Dia from CCs when Port Len Changes Show Comparison when picking Examples Don t Show Example Comparison Set Default Test Pres currently 28 0 If you select Beginner the program will Restart Displaying Help Tips outor w the oe ko eae Don t Show Valve Open Close Events eatures make more checks on specs Show Valve OpenjClose Events assure EN De eine Asia Int 202 dur 116 C L Exh 202 dur 114 C L 050 inches lift and gives more explanation before an action is performed
219. n Is the total engine displacement volume swept volume in cubic inches This is based on the standard equation including bore stroke and cylinders Dynamic Comp Ratio Dynamic Comp Ratio is calculated like the Compression Ratio in the Head Specs menu except the swept volume used is the cylinder volume at intake valve closing Some people believe this is a more realistic compression ratio because the piston cannot compress the air until the intake valve has closed Dynamic Comp Ratio Clearance Volume Cyl Vol Intake Valve Closin Clearance Volume The Dynamic Comp Ratio is always less than the standard Compression Ratio and ranges from 6 to 9 for most engines You ve probably heard that long duration cams need higher compression ratios You will notice that when you specify long duration cams with late intake valve closing you must also specify a higher Compression Ratio to maintain a Dynamic Comp Ratio in the range from 6 to 9 Compression Ratio Simply restates the specified Compression Ratio in the Head Specs menu for comparison to Dynamic Comp Ratio Theo Crank Comprssn PSI Is the estimated cranking compression pressure in pounds per square inch based on compression ratio estimated intake cam profile and lash The calculation assumes some heat losses and leakage uses ratio of specific heats of 1 3 rather than 1 4 Your actual cranking compression 100 200 RPM will likely be less due primarily to leakage and heat l
220. n Head s to bring up the Head s menu Enter the new Valve Diameter of 1 94 If this head has had some port work done when the larger valves were installed you should CC the ports which showed an Figure 4 53 Calc Menu for Valve Flow Effc increase from the stock 145 ccs to the new 152 ccs Type in 152 for Intake Port Volume and you will notice Avg Port Calc Valve Flow Effcy Diameter increases from 1 5 to 1 54 As you would expect the port length does not Flow Test Data change from doing port work Test Pressure Water Now click on the Clc button next to Intake t Valves Cylinder Valve Flow Effcy to produce the menu Valve Diameter in shown in Figure 4 53 Enter the flow data for the head alone as shown in Figure 4 53 Click on Use Calc Value to load in the Flow Obtained CFM 44 4 Flow Efficiency calculated here Note in Figure 4 53 that you could have Notes E used any valve lift between 400 and 550 Fua ig ee t e inches and that you did not have to use exactly 485 inches i E T The changes to the Head s specs should now be 1 54 Avg Port Diameter 152 Port ccs and 44 4 Valve Flow Effcy all for the Intake Port Click on OK to close the Head s menu Valve Lift Tested in Click on Intake System to open the Intake System menu Since this is a different manifold than stock you may have to change several specs Click on the Cle button next to the Runner Diameter box t
221. n Make Report The Analysis Report Application will point out that you are making tremendous amounts of torque and high cylinder pressures must be dealt with See Figure 4 52 Tip p Enter the specs above for this engine s As pointed out with the turbo set up Actual CFM intended ram then click on bape air flow and Fuel Flow have increased significantly Report The program will create a brief report describing adjustments to make The fuel system components may need to be to better achive your goals safety enlarged and the carburetor rejetted issues and a general explanation of these performance results 188 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 52 Portion of Analysis Report for Paxton Nitrous Oxide Condition Click on Analyze to bring up Analysis Options Figure 4 51 and produce Analysis Report shown here Engine Analyzer v3 0 Performance Trends 302 4 raph Print View SendToVehProgram File Analyze Help F1 Notes Summary Piston speed somewhat high PkTq Avg PkKHP Avg EA S C RPM high Spark Knock Click on Notes for New 462 385 395 265 Analysis Report Analysis Report for Street Strip Engine with Desired HP Peak at 5000 RPM Peak Tq 462 2000 RPM 1 53 Ft Lbs per Culn Peak HP 395 5000 RPM 1 31 HP per Culn Maximum Tq Culn is 1 532 Ft Lbs Culn This is Very high indicating good performance but will produce high cylinder pressures and temp
222. n arrow button to select to either use your own specs in this menu or to Pick an Example set of specs If you have picked Example Specs the Example name will appear here unless you change some of the Example specs General Specs Intake Type Use Specs in this Menu Layout 1 valve amp 1 port General Specs Type This combo lets you describe the source of the specs used in this menu e You can select the Use Specs Below and enter in most any combination of Head Specs e You can pick the Pick an Example to be presented with a list of Example Head Specs much the same as clicking on the Get Example button It will then display the name of the Example Head specs you have picked 19 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions be _ ______ See SS ee The Type you choose has a large effect on how this menu looks If you choose Use Specs Below all specs will be printed in black and you can change them to most any number you want If you have chosen an example the specs which relate directly to the example will be displayed in blue or hidden if you are in Beginner User mode Should you choose to change any of these blue specs a notice is given that changing any spec related to the example will change the Type from the example name to the general name of Use Specs Below The example name is a handy reminder of what the specs in this menu represent so you may not want to change any of these blue spec settings
223. n to the engine send it again into the vehicle program and see how it effects vehicle performance You can jump between the Engine Analyzer and the vehicle program as many times as you want 147 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output E eee If you are using a Performance Trends vehicle program not listed in the Send menu and the program says it can receive power curves from an Engine Analyzer program click on the Other Custom Configuration button Fill in the 3 text boxes as instructed in the vehicle program Troubleshooting If in the process of sending the power curve to another program does not work as you expected e Be sure you understand how the process works Read steps 1 4 on the previous page e You do not have the Windows vehicle program you specified e The Engine Analyzer could not find the vehicle program Click on the Look for It button next to the Vehicle program you want to work with e The Engine Analyzer could not find the correct vehicle program if you have more than copy of the program on your computer Click on the Look for It button next to the Vehicle program you want to work with Figure 3 23 Look For ltMenu___ Select the Disk Drive to look for the Vehicle File Seek ag program Then click on Search button to start the search Select Drive to Search for DRA E a Then click on the Search Button Copies of the appropriate program are a an l displayed here If y
224. nals lifters rubbing on cam lobes etc Required accessories like oil pump water pump cooling fan etc The cam and valve train could be included under this category Rubbing and accessory friction can be illustrated by removing the spark plugs putting a torque wrench on the crankshaft bolt and turning the engine by hand The torque required to turn the engine represents torque which could be used to power the vehicle if the engine had no friction The work or power lost to friction is called Friction Work or Friction HP and the work which actually appears at the crankshaft is called Brake Work or Brake HP See Figure A 2 Brake HP Indicated HP Friction HP Figure A 2 Indicated HP Friction HP and Brake HP Indicated HP Brake HP Friction HP The HP lost to friction can also be expressed as an efficiency Mechanical Efficiency Brake HP Indicated HP 215 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes pl eee es SSS een Mechanical Efficiencies can be in the range of 00 0 up to 90 90 or higher A good illustration of Mech Eff 00 is when an engine is idling clutch disengaged or transmission in neutral All the HP being generated by the fuel and the explosions in the cylinders are producing no Brake HP at the crankshaft This fuel is being completely wasted just to overcome the engine s own friction and keep it running Multiplying the Thermal Efficiency and the Mechanical Efficiency togeth
225. nce Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Figure A 5 Exhaust Pressure Diagrams Showing Various Types of Tuning Good Scavenging from 2nd Pulse Vacuum at Exhaust Closing Blow Down high pressure 1st Negative Reflection 1st Positive Reflection Pressure 2nd Neg Reflection Atmospheric Pressure Vacuum at Vacuum Exh Close Exh Close Good Scavenging lst Pulse Poor Scavenging length between that recommended for ist and 2nd pulse Pressure 223 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes 224 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Appendix 4 Fine Tuning Torque amp HP Curves The Engine Analyzer was primarily designed to illustrate basic Internal Combustion Engine Theory and give estimates of the pay back of certain engine modifications See Appendix 1 If you are using the Engine Analyzer program to help you make the right decisions for modifying a particular engine and you have dynamometer performance data for that engine you should first get the Engine Analyzer calculated results to agree with the dynamometer data The suggestions which follow will help dial in the engine specifications to match your dynamometer data These suggestions will also help you tune your engine to give a desired torque or HP at a desired RPM Also check Example 4 5 and Appendix 3 for how to adjust tuning effects which can dramatically alter the torque and HP curve When creating any en
226. ncrease in higher RPM performance Table 4 5 shows that inertia tuning is strong at 8000 In InertiaPrs is 3 2 PSI but resonance tuning is relatively low In ResTunPrs is 5 PSI compared to the other recommended lengths Figure 4 62 also shows a slight resonance tuning peak occurring at 7500 to 8000 RPM and another more evident one at 9500 RPM Figure 4 63 shows a comparison of the Baseline with the runners giving optimum tuning from the 3rd reflected pulse otherwise known as resonance tuning You can see that these runner dimensions also produce a significant power improvement at 8000 RPM Figure 4 64 shows that both the Optimum Inertia Tuning runner and Third Pulse runner give good performance through the 7000 9000 RPM range but overall the Optimum Inertia Tuning runner is best Although this example shows resonance tuning to have a significant effect most engines with shorter runners less overlap and lower RPM ranges should be designed for optimum inertia tuning 203 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Safety Note In Figure 4 58 note the rapid increase in Piston Gs internal stress as RPM increases All 3 tuned systems make more power at higher RPM therefore it is likely the engine will see higher RPM running If your rotating components are not designed for these high G levels you may want to tune fora lower RPM Also an overspeed set to a safe RPM limit is always a good idea This
227. nd the valve flow curve See Figure 2 22 Unlike the Avg Flow Coef number this value does increase directly as valve duration and valve size increases It is these areas upon which Total Exh Int is based The Vlv Area is given here to compare valve opening areas between different cam profiles lash settings valve sizes and port Flow Efficiencies Also like Overlap Area deg sq in larger cylinders will require larger valve areas for similar volumetric efficiency 83 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Figure 2 22 Illustration of Viv Area Calculation Valve Lift Profile Valve Flow Curve VLV Flow AREA cam profile RAR CFM at various and lash valve lifts ACA Crank Degrees Valve Lift Crank Degrees Lobe Centerlns deg Intake and Exhaust lobe center is simply calculated from the appropriate opening and closing events and assumes a symmetric cam lobe The intake lobe center is given in crank degrees after TDC the exhaust lobe center is given in crank degrees before TDC General Engine Calculations Displacement CCs Is the total engine displacement volume swept volume in cubic centimeters This is based on the standard equation including bore stroke and cylinders Divide this value by 1000 to obtain engine displacement in liters For example 4900 CCs is 4900 1000 4 9 liters 84 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Displacement cu i
228. ndard Dyno 29 92 Barometer 60 degrees F dry air 0 deg dew point used for most racing dynos and quoted by most racing magazines e SAE conditions 29 6 Barometer 77 degrees F normal humidity 49 deg dew point used for rating new car engines by automakers since about 1985 This rating gives about 2 less power than the Standard Dyno conditions If you choose standard conditions the weather conditions in this menu are disabled as they have no effect on the calculated performance Baro Pres Hg Is the barometric pressure in inches of mercury of the nearest weather station or at the track or dynamometer room if a barometer instrument is available at these locations If this pressure is in Multiply by 2 036 29 52 03937 To obtain Hg For example 14 PSI is 14 x 2 036 or 28 5 Hg Po Click on the Clc button to review notes concerning the relationship of Barometric Pressure and Elevation Also see Elevation ft and Section 2 9 11 Intake Air Temp deg F Is the temperature of the intake air as it enters the carburetor or throttle body measured in degrees Fahrenheit To match dynamometer performance enter dynamometer room air temperature To simulate vehicle performance enter the temperature of the air entering the air cleaner Underhood temperatures can be HOT on warm days 150 degrees or more If a hood scoop or some other type of cool air induction is provided outside ambient air temperature is closer to the actua
229. nds Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples T Choose the Original Paxton from the list click on it to highlight it then click on Pick The program will show some screens comparing the current Several or all of these example specs will be displayed in blue If you change any of these blue spec values the name of the Example Component Figure 4 44 Note on Example Specs Engine nalyzer v3 0 Tip Centrifugal Supercharger specs with those you picked for the Original Paxton will be changed to something generic like Use Then there will probably be a Specs Below disclaimer message then a note Specs displayed in black can be changed without explaining that the specs for the Example loosing the Example Name Original Paxton will be printed in blue Soe Figure 4 44 For the other 2 non blue Centrifugal Supercharger Figure 4 45 Calc Belt Ratio Menu specs you should set them to match your setup These Calc Belt Ratio are not based on the Original Paxton example For z Intercooler Eff choose 0 No Intercooler The Calc BeRhatis supercharger Belt Ratio can be calculated by clicking l Pulley Sizes on the Cle button and then entering a crank pulley S7C Pulley Diameter in e diameter of 3 5 inches and supercharger pulley diameter of 2 0 pulleys that come with the used Prank tater DEE bs Paxton This works out to a belt ratio of 1 75 See re Figure 4 45 For a fair comparison to the turbo
230. ngine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Number of RPMs See RPM Increment below RPM Increment These three RPM specifications tell the Engine Analyzer for how many and for which RPMs to calculate the results The effect of these specs are displayed in the RPM Preview box shown directly under these specs For example Starting RPM 1000 Number of RPM Steps 8 RPM Increment 400 This combination will have results calculated for the following RPMs 1000 1400 1800 2200 2600 3000 3400 3800 Due to space limitations all RPMs can not be shown on the menu The RPM Preview will show this as RPM Preview 1000 1400 1800 3800 Starting Point Suggestions The Engine Analyzer can give suggestions for intake and exhaust runner dimensions and cam profiles based on several very simple tuning principles or rules of thumb See Appendix 3 and Example 4 5 These are good starting points but you should fine tune these specs based on trial and error with the program s calculations 69 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions For Peak HP at This RPM Enter the RPM where you want optimum intake and exhaust tuning or RPM where you want HP to peak The Engine Analyzer will list potentially good runner lengths and diameters and cam durations and lifts at the end of the calculated results This value has no affect on the torque and HP test results For This Intake Runner Len Enter the length of th
231. ngine Power Curve coupled with the same vehicle A f Summary of Results from Vehicle Program Click on these results to get a summary of B81 gx 44 43 the New vehicle results as shown here BM slink WISE 60 ft 1 58 m Density Altitude 155 ol Eff Dry Density Altitude 271 Actual CFM Distance 1320 Vehicle Weight 3150 paa Trans Gear at Finish 3 AZF Mix Qal Automatic Transmission BSFC f i F ij i f File New DRA Link Try Bsac Errors None reported Friction HP Mach Pistan Snd You do not need to start the vehicle program the Engine Analyze will do it automatically The vehicle file being used is the last vehicle you were working with when you shut down the vehicle program the vehicle that would be opened when you start the vehicle program A 2 3 second time delay is built in the Engine Analyzer to ensure reliable communications when doing Auto Link You will not be able to click on Back to return to the Main Screen before this delay is over You may also notice the progress bar from the Vehicle Program momentarily appear on the screen indicating the vehicle program is running 238 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Appendix 6 New Features in Version 3 4 Here is a brief listing of some of the features new in Version 3 4 General Operation e The program now requires you to Allow it to run in Vista and Windows 7 same as right click on desktop icon then select
232. nt Runner Length in the Intake Manifold specs Also note that only the Know Port CCs spec is enabled not dimmed to gray Click on the combo box arrow for Know Port CCs spec to answer the question Yes or No Lets say you select Yes because you do know the runner CCs This is usually the more accurate way to measure average runner diameter The specs of Port Length and Port Volume are now enabled printed in black not gray You enter in the values for the new manifold of Length of 5 inches and a Port Volume of 200 CCs and obtain a Calc Avg Diameter of 1 76 If you click on Cancel you will return to the cylinder Head s menu with Avg Port Diameter at its original value If you had clicked on Use Calc Value you would have returned to the cylinder Head s menu with Avg Port Diameter set to the new calculated value of 1 76 If you now calculate performance it will be based on the new Avg Port Diameter of 1 76 If you change one of the preloaded specs in the example above you changed the preloaded Runner Length of 6 to 5 the program will ask if you want to use that new value also If you say Yes the preloaded value will be changed as well In the example above answer Yes and the new Runner Length you entered into the Calculation Menu of 5 will also be loaded into the Intake Manifold Specs menu for Runner Length 92 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 2 9 1 Calc Bore This calculation is available at the Short Block menu and lets
233. ntering this specification depending on how the Barometric Pressure measurement was made Barometric Pressure obtained from radio station TV station or weather service Official sources usually correct their barometric pressure readings to sea level meaning their reading is the barometric pressure you would get if you or your engine could be at sea level or 0 elevation If you have a Barometric Pressure corrected to sea level you must enter the engine s actual elevation above sea level in feet Barometric Pressure obtained directly from a barometer instrument at the track or dynamometer room This reading will usually not be corrected to sea level but will be the 65 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions observed or actual barometric pressure reading at the same elevation as the engine For observed or uncorrected Barometric Pressure enter an elevation of 0 Click on the Clc button to review notes concerning the relationship of Barometric Pressure and Elevation Also see Barometric Pressure in this section and Section 2 9 11 Coolant Temp deg F Is the temperature of the coolant as it leaves the engine in degrees Fahrenheit This value can be estimated as the start to open temperature rating of the thermostat If the engine is air cooled enter a value of 190 degrees Nitrous Oxide System Type Click on the System Type combo box to pick the type of nitrous system either None Single
234. ntrifugal supercharger like a Paxton tm or Vortech tm A centrifugal blower or compressor looks much like a typical engine water pump The impeller must be driven at very high speeds to create significant boost Usually there is a speed increasing drive system internal to the centrifugal compressor so the impeller is spinning much faster than its external drive pulley In general terms the boost of a centrifugal superchargers is directly related to the square of the RPM This means that if it will produce 3 PSI boost at 3000 RPM it will produce 4 times that boost at twice that RPM 12 PSI at 6000 RPM Therefore centrifugal supercharges can be quite peaky producing high boost over a narrow RPM range In addition since high boost conditions at low speeds are unlikely engines with centrifugal compressors are less prone to detonation spark knock Centrifugal Specs Centrifugal superchargers are basically belt driven turbochargers A centrifugal compressor looks like performs like and is tested much like a turbocharger compressor The performance of a centrifugal compressor is also documented in a map like that shown in Figure 2 28 Therefore we will characterize the centrifugal supercharger with specs much like the ones we use for a turbocharger Centrifugal supercharger specs like those in this section are difficult for the average person to obtain The supercharger manufacturer may supply maps on request However if you do not have
235. o produce the Calc Runner Flow Effcy menu shown in Figure 4 54 Make the entries as shown using Rounded Rectangular as the basic shape of the manifold runner The program calculates an effective circular diameter of 1 69 for a rectangular runner 2 high by 1 2 wide Click on Use Calc Value to load 1 69 into Runner Diameter in the Intake System menu 192 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Last click on the Cle button for Runner Flow Effcy to obtain the Calc Runner Flow Effcy menu shown in Figure 4 55 Figure 4 55 shows the test data from Table 4 3 filled in and a calculated Runner Flow Effcy of 86 Click on Use Calc Value to return to the Intake System menu with 86 entered for Runner Flow Effcy This new manifold is a dual plane design like the stock manifold so the Design will stay at Dual Plane Carbs The average length of the intake runners measure 6 inches like the stock intake so Runner Length will stay at 6 The same carburetor will be used so Carb specs will stay the same as stock The Intake System menu should now look like Figure 4 56 These specifications reflect a head with a larger intake valve manifold with larger runners and flow Figure 4 54 Calc Runner Diameter Menu Calc Avg Diameter Intake Calc Avg Diameter Specs Know RunnerCCs No gt Use Calc Value Figure 4 55 Calc Runner Flow Effcy Menu coefficients which were determined from actual flow
236. ock User Specified 8 cyl 4 bore x 3 stroke 301 59 CID Open New Picture File A Turn Picture Off ified g i 45 exh valve g Print Picture Click on File for options to pick a graphics file and other options nt 202 dur 116 C L Exh 202 dur 114 C L 050 inches lift Supercharger No Turbo or Supercharger Running Conditions Comments 1987 Production Ford 302 HO EFI for M T Mustang Help Factory rated at 300 ft lbs 3000 225 HP 4400 Move mouse over an item for a Specs reflect vehicle installation description to be given in the Help frame at the lower left comer Click on Help in menu line for more detailed info on options 241 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Figure A 10 New Feature for Picking Example Component Files Head s General Specs Notes Type Use Specs in this Menu Chamber Typical Wedge Compression Ratio ete Cyl Vol cu in 37 70 Chamber ccs Hel ress Enter now or Click on this button to bring up a series of screens showing example specs for certain components highly recommended for beginner users Big Block Chevrolet Mopar Chrysler Small Block Ford Other Ford Other Domestic Imports Motorcycles Karts to pick in one steg Catagorj s are groups of examples likg a group of Chevy heads not individual Axamples Intake Layout 1 valve amp 1 port Valve Diameter in Click on Get Example butt
237. of 25 tests some of which you have specified you want saved long term some of which are simply some of the last tests you have run Tq and HP Data vs Valve Lift Data You can switch between Tq and HP Data and Valve Lift Data 2 basic ways as shown in Figure 3 7 Figure 3 7 Switching between Tq and HP Data and Valve Lift Data Click on these buttons to switch between Tq and HP Data and Valve Lift Data as pictured Click on the CAM tq hp menu item Whichever data type CAM or TQ HP is given in upper case letters is the data type currently being used In this case shown clicking on CAM tq hp will switch the graph from the current Valve Lift data type to the TQ HP data type Engine Analyzer v3 0 302 4 Back File Format View Help history LAST CAM tq hp lel E e ee cio Leele belel ie curview set scaled Eng Analyzer v3 0 Valve Lift vs Deg i a nt valve LI Graphing Current Last and History Log Test Results The Current and Last Test Results were defined earlier The History Log is explained in some detail in Section 3 7 starting on page 143 This section will explain how to graph test results for tests in the History Log 128 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output Figure 3 8 History Log see Section 3 7 for more details Click on the History Button or the History menu item todisplay the History Log CE ngine Angiyzer v3 0 302 4 Cs lel Tel Je Vee Lede de bel
238. of that particular piece of data Slide bar Click and drag button to display all RPM test results Special Calculations Results which do not change with RPM Click on any result for a Help definition of that particular Slide bar Click and drag button to dis play all Special Cal culation test results Exh 309 19 51 134 9 114 8 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions RPM Data and Special Calculations are shown in Figure 2 35 Cycle data of Valve Lift is only available for graphing Several other features are available from this screen Figure 2 35 which are also discussed in this section RPM Data RPM Data looks much like a dynamometer data sheet which gives projected engine test results for each RPM tested Engine RPM Is the engine crankshaft s rotational speed in revolutions per minute Brk Tq ft lbs Is the brake torque produced by the engine measured in ft Ibs Brake torque is the usable net torque at the engine s flywheel See Appendix 2 This is the same as the torque numbers you see in advertisements and in dynamometer torque and HP curves Brake HP Is the Brake HP produced by the engine measured in horsepower Brake HP is the usable net HP at the engine s flywheel See Appendix 2 This is the same as the HP numbers you see in advertisements and in dynamometer torque and HP curves To calculate torque from HP or HP from torque use the following formulas
239. ol 56 67 68 74 75 210 213 217 Analysis Report 4 121 123 124 181 188 189 197 199 200 204 206 229 Approx Camxe Cam Specs 89 Area 81 87 ASCII 4 125 240 Assumed Rocker Arm Ratio 111 171 Assumptions 3 21 31 45 46 48 55 57 66 67 68 75 83 84 85 86 87 89 151 165 168 171 204 208 209 210 227 229 Auto Link 233 Avg HP 7 145 173 177 178 201 Avg Port Diameter 22 92 96 192 Avg Tq 7 145 173 Axis 133 134 135 Back Color 135 Barometric Pressure 64 65 66 73 86 112 Baseline 8 165 198 201 202 203 205 BDC 16 78 93 135 176 232 Beginner 13 16 20 30 35 38 40 45 52 53 57 60 118 151 155 Belt Ratio 58 61 111 112 185 226 Bench Test Pres 109 Boost 21 52 54 55 56 57 58 59 61 62 73 78 180 182 187 226 Bore 15 16 86 93 94 95 156 216 228 Brake HP 7 72 125 128 209 215 216 225 229 Brk Tq 7 72 125 209 225 229 Browse 4 240 BSAC 75 232 BSFC 75 214 Calculation Button 9 16 21 22 23 24 31 33 36 41 47 58 61 64 65 66 91 92 98 101 171 185 192 193 Calculation Menus 4 9 47 91 92 93 94 96 99 102 105 106 110 111 112 165 171 192 Cam 4 1 9 14 21 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 69 70 76 78 79 80 81 83 84 85 86 87 89 90 101 103 111 151 159 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 176 177 178 179 195 197 20
240. olid Roller Oo GG oo Intake Specs T S Lobe tappet Lit dee a e Duration 050 Lift 202 fz20 Advertised Duration OA Lobe Centerline OH Valve Lift 1 6 Rocker Ratio 448 o CA Exhaust Specs T S Lobe Lit o Oe a Y Duration 050 Lift F OR dH Advertised Duration o o Oa Lobe Centerline Ht f Valve Lift 1 6 Rocker Ratio po a k Cea E N Eo Lobe Separation pus doo oe Click on Back at the Test Results screen to return to the Main Screen Click on Cam Valve Train to open that menu as shown in Figure 4 25 Now you ll start changing specs to match the Hydraulic Roller cam in Table 4 1 167 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples You can leave most of the General Cam Specs at the top of the Cam Valve Train menu as they are The Lift for Rating Events is 050 just as the stock cam The Total Cam Advance will be determined from the other duration and centerline inputs Lifter profile Type can be switched to Agr Hyd Roller from Mild Hyd Roller because it is usually safe to assume all aftermarket cams are using an Aggressive profile Since you are not changing valve springs rocker arms etc you should leave Valve Train as Pushrod w RckrArm prod Note that in reality you would probably be getting all new roller tappets pushrods rocker arms and springs and you would probably change this setting to Pushrod w Rckr Arm improved We re leaving in the production
241. omplete Engine specifications by clicking on the Open or Save buttons first 2 buttons on the left or the File menu item then either Open or Save e Add edit or review Engine comments to describe the Engine currently held in the program e Calculate Engine performance from the options listed under Calculate Performance From here you can specify calculation options barometric pressure humidity RPMs to run etc e Change the Preferences options to somewhat customize the program for you e Get HELP to explain these options by clicking on Help or pressing lt F1 gt e Quit the program by clicking on File then Exit or click on the Quit button C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 1 Introduction EE All these options are explained in detail in Chapters 2 and 3 In the Main Screen s blue title bar you will notice the current Engine is 302 4V The program has descriptions of Engines saved in the Library right from Performance Trends The current file from the Engine Library is called 302 4V To get started let s examine but not change the various categories of specs Click on a button for one of the categories like Engine Transmission etc A new menu will appear displaying the various specs and the current values for the 302 4V Engine You can click on the name of any spec and a brief description appears in the Help frame along with a page from this manual for more help You can return to the Main Screen by c
242. on View then Turn Cursor On ETNE ne Any er v3 0 302 s fip 1 MS The value of each Heen e FETERE HERCE sH 9raph line at the _ cursor is aba Analyzer v3 0 T S MEVS REN displayed here Note for RPM Horsepower 126 Data If the RPM where the cursor Torque 488 1 Horsepower 209 is at was not run i for a particualr test no value is given here For example One test ran 2000 2500 3000 RPM and another ran 2000 2400 2800 When cursor is at 2500 RPM value is given for first test but not given for 2nd test 0 sono 5000 apo 700 sopo The X value of the cursor is shown here in this case the RPM of 2250 You can also enable the cursor by single clicking on a graph line at a data point This also provides a quick way to move the cursor from 1 area of the graph to another Do not drag the mouse while clicking or you will zoom in on that area If you click on a graph line in between data points the cursor will not appear A data point is where you see a definite point or bend in a graph line C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output Changing titles and legend names Many times you may want to customize a graph by printing labels of your choice Click on Format and then Edit Titles Legend to bring up the menu shown in Figure 3 11 which will allow you to do this Figure 3 11 Menu to Edit Title and Legend This is the list of Standard names the program uses unless you
243. on at the top e At the Main Screen press the lt F2 gt key e At the Main Screen click on Running Conditions then click on Calculate Performance in this menu The program first checks your inputs to be sure there are no obvious problems things like valve sizes being too big to fit into the bore size etc If no problems are noticed calculations will proceed and you will obtain the results screen shown in Figure 4 16 You may initially be given some Engine Analyzer Tips as shown in Figure 4 4 page 153 Read them and then click on OK The performance summary in the upper right corner of Figure 4 16 shows peaks of 128 ft lbs and 119 Figure 4 16 First Test Results for the ZX2 2 0L Click on Back or press lt Esc gt to return to the Main Screen Summary of Engine Analyzer v3 0 Performance Trends MY ZX2 2 0L Peak and Avg Back Graph Print SendToVehProgram Analyze Help F1 B Tq and HP Notes Summary Piston speed Very high Spark Knock Click on Notes for details PkTq Avg New 128 112 Last 127 110 Pk HP A A 13 ge Showing peaks me 6 of 128 ft Ibs TET and 119 HP Brake HP Exh Pres Int Vacuum Vol Eff Actual CFM Fuel Flow i A F Mix Qal Click and drag slide bar buttons to view all Fasien Ge results in Overlap ZYE both the Int Avg el RPM Data acre Valve Flow amp Cam Calculations Int Exh section top Overlap Area
244. on the graph Changing titles and legend names Changing the scales Miscellaneous Format Options to change the appearance of the graph These are discussed in this next section Printing Figure 3 9 shows the options for printing graphs and how to access these options It also shows the screen for changing the Windows Printer Setup Figure 3 9 Printing Graphs Clicking on the Printer button is the same as clicking on File and then Print Click on File to display the two print menu options Engine Analyzer v3 Format View Help history la ee Hes lt i gt lt Click here to print the graph Windows Print Optiens Click here to change the printer or printer driver page orientation etc as shown below Windows standard Printer Setup menu Orientation n amp Portrait ize Letter 8 1 2 x 11 in O Landscape Source 130 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output Cursor The cursor feature is very useful for determining or comparing the value of the graph lines at various places See Figure 3 10 for explaining the use of the cursor Figure 3 10 Cursor Features and Commands Click here to turn Cursor On i Click here to turn Cursor Off Cursor line usually pink or Click on these buttons to move the cursor left or green right Hold down the lt shift key gt while clicking depending on these buttons and the cursor moves farther background You can also enable the cursor by clicking
245. on the left side and the carburetor or throttle body specs on the right side Figure 4 11 Picking a Typical EFI Intake Manifold for the 2 0L Intake System Click on the Manifold Specs 1 runner cyl eaS 2723 FW lt lt C C CSOtStSY irs a combo box then Use SecsBelow me Use secs Below ___131 J select Typical Tea Afespatce sey Pune EF CFM Rating cia J Production Long Typical Race EFI Vacuum Secondaries Yes Runner EFI Typical Individual Runner Carbs Runne Typical Individual Runner Fuel Inj There is no need Typical Short Indvdl Annr motorcycle to pick from a list M Hel Gerd down arrow button to let program estimate typical specs to use your own specs or to Pick an of Exam ples as Example set of Intake Manifold specs If you have picked Example Specs the Example name will the program Intake Heat Prod full Heat a appear here unless you change some Example calculates runners specs p 29 to match the PRANS pons 157 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Typical Intake Manifolds are not picked as an Example but simply by picking the appropriate Type from the Type combo box shown in Figure 4 11 Select the Typical Prod Long Runner EFI as the Manifold Type and all the Manifold specs are hidden Then click on the Throttle Body Type on the right side and select Fuel Injection Throttle Bodies for the Category Then select Typical Prod
246. on to bring up the screen for picking a Category of component example files alve Diameter in fas Flow Efficiency Table Save Example Pick a Category from either group side and click on the Use Category to open the screen for picking a component See Figure A 16 Catagories groups of kamples Added by User Click on this button for the screens shown in Figure A 11 Click on this button to bring up the screens shown in Figure A 12 New Catagory Name Add New Catagory Name to List Rename Chosen Catagory See page 118 in manual for details Use Catagory Cancel dad Files from Other Company s Programs Load Files from Port Flow Analyzer 242 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Figure A 11 Importing Head Files from Other Company s Programs Use this standard Browse screen Open a Head Flow File to find the Head Files with dfw Look in Weiss modular heads or flw exten SIONS z 4 6L 2 P I CNC M2 Race Sygtems Alum_1220_Stan Weiss_wWorld_wide_Enterprises__k My Recent Documents j C Gamrace 4lum_1238_Stan_Weiss_World_Wide_Enterprises__ Desktop 4v 93 98 B Stage 2 CHC Gamrace Alum_1239_Stan_Weiss_World_wWide_Enterprises__Ke E 4 Cobra M2 Race Systems Alum_1240_Stan_Weiss_World_wide_Enterprises Cl ick on 4 FR500 CNC M2 Race Systems Alum_1236_Stan_ Weiss_World_ Wide_Enterprises Open to pick 5 4L 2 99 04 LFP Stage II Alum_1224
247. one to safely choose the optimum turbocharger size for a specific engine Turbochargers can overspeed potentially explode from overrevving or create excessive exhaust temperatures and pressures if sized incorrectly Use the Engine Analyzer only for estimating potential performance gains with various approximate turbocharger sizes You must follow the turbo manufacturer s recommendations for safe turbo combinations for your application Wastegate Limit PSI If turbocharger conditions are such that it delivers boost greater than this specified level the Engine Analyzer assumes an exhaust bypass valve or wastegate is activated to limit boost Wastegates divert exhaust gasses around the turbocharger s turbine This is a very common way to control boost especially for street applications Therefore set Wastegate Limit to the pressure the wastegate is designed to control boost to Intercooler Eff This combo box lets you pick the effectiveness of the intercooler to cool the intake charge An intercooler looks much like a radiator but instead of cooling engine coolant it cools the intake air charge A turbocharger heats up the intake air considerably through the process of compression Cool air is more dense than warm air More cool air can be packed into a given cylinder volume producing more power The intercooler allows ambient air non compressed surrounding air to cool the charge If the intercooler is 100 effective the intake charge wou
248. ooler which has a volume of water around the fins This intercooler is more effective because the water probably starts cooler than an air to air intercooler and the water takes longer to heat up has more thermal inertia than just an air cooled intercooler by itself 100 Air to Cold The intake charge is brought back completely 100 to its original Water temperature This level simulates a special intercooler which has a volume of cool water around the fins This intercooler is more effective because the water starts much cooler than an air to air intercooler and the water takes longer to heat up than just an air cooled intercooler by itself 125 Air to lce Water The intake charge is cooled to even colder than its original temperature This level simulates a special intercooler which has a volume of cold water and ice around the fins This intercooler is more effective because the water probably starts much colder than the surrounding air and takes very long to heat up Other types of intercoolers are possible which use freon or water or alcohol sprays or cooling fans to keep the intercooler very cold You will have to estimate how well these work and select from one of the 5 choices available Roots Supercharger Specs Select Roots Supercharger from the Design Type combo box in the upper left corner if the engine is equipped with a belt driven positive displacement Roots supercharger like those produced by B amp M tm Wei
249. optimum power A F air fuel ratio of 12 5 1 If your particular engine runs at 11 5 1 A F your engine burns 12 5 11 5 or 1 09 times as much fuel per unit of air as the Engine Analyzer calculates Multiply the Engine Analyzer s fuel flow by 1 09 to get fuel flows for an engine running at 11 5 1 To calculate fuel flows in gallons per hour GPH multiply Ibs hr by 171 171 1 5 86 For example the Engine Analyzer calculates 145 lbs hr fuel flow at peak HP assuming 12 5 1 A F Your engine runs at 12 1 instead of 12 5 1 A F 145 Ibs hr x 12 5 151 Ibs hr 12 You need the flow in GPH to size a fuel pump 151 Ibs hr x 171 25 8 GPH For Alcohol the fuel is assumed to be methanol with a density of 6 6 lb gal and heating value of 8 600 BTU lb For Very Rich Alcohol fuel type the A F is assumed to be 3 1 Fuel flows are calculated based on an A F of 5 0 1 To calculate fuel flows in gallons per hour GPH multiply lbs hr of alcohol by 152 74 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions A F Mix Qal Is the A F Mixture Quality rated in where 100 means there is no power loss from poor A F Mixture Quality A F Mixture Quality is the combined result of these separate effects e A F maldistribution where all cylinders do not get the same air and fuel Some cylinders run leaner than optimum and some run richer e Fuel Metering where the fuel metering signal strength to the carb is less than
250. or the same Max Lobe Lift Most truly aggressive cams or roller cams have more Max Lobe Lift for a given duration and milder or hydraulic cams have less Max Lobe Lift Valve Train This combo box lets you pick a general description of the Valve Train This gives the program some idea of the spring loads and design which can effect engine friction and the weights stiffness and spring rates which effect when the valve train will go into Valve Toss for mechanical lifters or Lifter Pump Up for hydraulic lifters These problems also depends strongly on the steepness of the cam profile the amount of valve lift Lobe Lift x Rocker Arm Ratio for the amount of duration High lift with low duration indicates a very steep or aggressive profile The outputs of Valve Toss and Lifter Pump Up are displayed in the output to let you see when problems occur Intake Centerline deg ATDC Is the location of the maximum lift point on the cam profile If you are using the program s standard cam profiles this is also exactly half way between the open and closing point because the program assumes the same opening and closing profile 46 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Duration xxx Is the number of crank degrees where the tappet is lifted to the tappet lift specified as the Lift for Rating Events in the General Cam Specs section above base circle Opening xxx Identifies crankshaft degrees before top d
251. ord Typ Street Single Plane 1Pln crb ProdHeat BB Ford Typ Street Dual Plane D1lPln crb ProdHeat BB Ford Typical Tunnel Ram 1Pln crb LessHeat BB Ford Typical Race Tunnel Ram TnlRm crb LessHeat Typ BB Ford Ind Rnnr Injection 1Plnm EFI LessHeat He NNNNNN FF Fe ale Ge i cece Tip Click on Example to highlight it then click on Pick or Delete button Double click to pick Example in 1 step 116 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions TE an example you have saved not one provided by Performance Trends you can click on Delete to delete it Next you will be shown a comparison of the example you chose and the current specs as shown in Figure 2 47 By clicking on Preferences in the menu bar at the top of the Main Screen you can omit showing this comparison screen which you may find annoying See page 14 Click on Load In These Example Specs to use these specs You will then be given a notice about how these specs can not describe all details of the example just chosen and you should still use your own judgment about the results See Figure 2 48 Figure 2 47 Comparing Chosen Example with Current Specs Compare Current specs with SB Ford Torquer Il Current Specs New Example Specs Dual Plane carb s Single Plane carb s Runner Diameter in 1 51 1 55 Runner Length in 6 6 4 Flow Efficiency 75 88 Intake Heat Prod full Heat Prod full Heat Te Click on Pre
252. osses Actual compression pressures can be higher with hydraulic lifters especially high leakdown lifters High RPM compression 1000 RPM or higher would more closely match this value Theo Crank Comprssn is reported simply to show trends 85 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Clearance Volume CCs Is the calculated total clearance volume in cubic centimeters piston dish dome chamber volume deck and gasket volume based on the given Bore Stroke Compression Ratio Est Idle Vac Hg Is the estimated idle vacuum at 1500 RPM with no load on the engine no torque converter The Engine Analyzer assumes a constant Barometric Pressure of 29 92 and typical dynamometer testing accessories water pump but no fan power steering alternator air conditioning etc Starting Point Suggestions Pk HP Peak xxxx RPM These Starting Point suggestions are for users who want help choosing ball park cam specs and or runner sizes for good performance at a particular RPM These recommendations are very general being based on very simplified rules of thumb They are based on the current cam specs bore stroke etc Therefore you will get somewhat different recommendations as engine specs change Notes e The RPM for these recommendations is entered in the Running Conditions menu under the heading Starting Point Recommendations as For Peak HP at This RPM See page 67 e Veteran engine bui
253. ot be less than the Wet Bulb Temp If you chose Yes for Know Relative Humidity this spec is disabled and its value is ignored in the calculation Wet Bulb deg F Is the temperature of the wet bulb thermometer on the psychrometer in degrees F The wet bulb has a wick or cloth covering the bulb which is moistened with water The dryer the air the greater the difference between the wet and dry bulb readings Relative humidity or dew point can be manually read off a Psychometric chart from these two readings This calculation replaces reading the chart The Wet Bulb Temp must be less than the Dry Bulb Temp If you chose Yes for Know Relative Humidity this spec is disabled and its value is ignored in the calculation 113 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 114 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 2 10 Examples Many of the specs which the Engine Analyzer uses to predict performance are difficult for some users to get For that reason the program comes with sets of Example specs which the user can load in automatically and easily Check Appendix 5 and 6 for many new features added in std and Plus version of v3 2 and v3 4 Figure 2 44 Using Component Examples If you are curretly using a set of Example specs the name of the Example will appear here You can also click on this combo box to pick a new example or switch the Type to Use Specs Below Specs for the E
254. ou click on Cancel Halt or the program searches the entire drive 2 Occurances Found of DRA EXE and only 1 copy is found this copy is aoa ohio pr lg automatically assumed to be the one you i i want to send the power curve to This menu is then closed If more than 1 copy of the program is found as shown here you must double click on the program you want to use This menu then closes Options for File s Found Double click on the occurance of DRA EXE you want to use to choose it 148 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Chapter 4 Examples Each of these examples become progressively more complex assuming you have performed and understand the preceding example Section 1 5 s example is somewhat more basic than Example 4 1 so it may be a better place to start if Example 4 1 looks complicated The results shown in these examples may be somewhat different than what you obtain with your particular version of the program That is due to minor upgrades in the calculations in later versions Check Appendix 5 and 6 for new features added in std and Plus versions 3 2 and 3 4 149 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples 150 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Example 4 1 I Don t Know My Engine s Specs Features Introduced and suggested background reading e Read the Preliminary Example To Get You Going
255. ou will be presented with a list of simple descriptions of ports with typical Flow Efficiencies for you to pick from 23 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Table 2 3 Examples of Valve Flow Efficiency Description amp Source Valve Dia Stock 461 SB Chevy Hot Rod 3 88 Stock 993 SB Chevy Open Chmbr Vizard Stock 186 SB Chevy Clsd Chmbr Vizard Bow Tie SB CNC Portd 24502482 Cir Trk 9 93 Dart II SB Chev C I Hot Rod 3 88 Lt Pt BB Chev C I Oval Port Perf Trnds Portd BB Chev C I Rect Port SS amp DI 6 81 Lt Pt BB Chev Merlin Iron Oval Port PrfTrns Portd Dart Alum 360 BB Chev Sonny s Racing Stock AR SB Ford Alum Super Ford 8 89 Portd AR SB Ford Alum Super Ford 8 89 Stock TFS SB Ford Alum Super Ford 8 89 Portd TFS SB Ford Alum Super Ford 8 89 Stock 1970 351W SB Ford C I SprFrd 8 89 Portd 70 Boss 302 Trans Am Perf Trends Briggs amp Stratton 5 HP Perf Trends Pont RamAir III Stock HP Pont 4 91 adj Stock Mopar 360A P4529589 Hot Rod 11 91 Stock Mopar 440B 452 Perf Trends Light Portd Mopar 440B 452 Perf Trends Stock Mopar 440B 240618 Perf Trends 426 Hemi Ported SS amp DI 6 81 1600 cc VW Stock Dual Port Novak amp Ass 1600 cc VW Stock Dual Port 041 Novak amp Ass 1600 cc VW aftermarket AC910 Novak amp Ass i How to Build amp Modify Chevrolet Small Block V 8 cylinder Heads David Vizard Motorbooks International 1991 FF Adju
256. parts to illustrate some points Next we ll start typing in the intake numbers from the catalog Table 4 1 which you are given You will notice that as you type in 220 for Intake Duration 050 or 108 for Intake Centerline that several other numbers in the menu change That s because the Cam Advance and Lobe Separation are based on the Duration and Centerline These are being updated to match the new inputs For that reason you do now have to know or enter all inputs Enter 34 for Max Lobe Lift and notice that Intake Gross Valve Lift changes in the lower left section called Calculated Cam Specs Leave the Rocker Arm Ratio at 1 6 because you are not changing the rocker arms Figure 4 25 Cam Valve Train Menu with Hydraulic Cam Specs Switch to Agr CamjValve Train Hyd Roller G Cam S Pores ree Total Cam Advance 1 0 j vance HE Enter Duration Type Use Specs in this Menu Lifter profile Type Poe om and Centerline for Intake and Lift for Rating Events 050 inches Valve Train Pusha hed w Rockr rm prod jockr rm prod Exhaust and Lean lt Cam Advance Centerline deg ATDC Centerline deg BTIDC mo me Lats Duration 050 Duration 050 226 Separation are Max Lobe Lift in Max Lobe Lift in 34 updated to new Last at Valve in Lash a a in 028 numbers Rocker Arm Ratio Rocker Arm Ratio 7 _ Enter new Calculated Cam Specs Help Lobe or Ratio of valve lift to tappet lif
257. ph include various comments etc You can now select to include the torque and HP data in a table when you print out RPM data graphs as long as there are torque and or HP data on the graph Plus Version Only Fig A 22 A 23 e Program now has larger Legend Text sizes available under Format on graph screen Fig A 23 e Program now prints cursor and cursor values when you print a graph Fig A 23 e We ve added additional graph scale multiplier for Special Graph types of x 1000 Printouts e We ve refined the printouts to look better and be more compatible with more types of printers Fig A 23 e The program now better remembers Printer Changes and Printer Type e You can now print a Company Logo graphics files on reports and graphs This info is loaded in the Preferences screen You can specify 2 lines of text which can appear at the top of printouts 240 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes of reports and graphs in the Preferences screen under Printing Graphing Plus version only Fig A 23 A 24 e The program is now better at finding more versions of Acrobat and Reader for a printer choice Figure A 9 Main Screen Showing Engine Picture fa Engine Analyzer v3 4 Performance Trends 1987 Ford Mustang 5 0L 302 EFI Stock File engine CalcHP Preferences Help Reg To Kevin Jones Engine Library Save Engine to Library Calculate Performance Quit Optimize Help Engine Specs Engine Summary Picture ae a Short Bl
258. pm 302 4v Sun Oct 11 98 2 48 pm 302 4v Sun Oct 11 98 2 44 pm 302 4v Sun Oct 11 98 2 43 pm 302 4v Sun Oct 11 2 2 35 3pm Help 268 at 3000 268 at 3000 268 at 3000 268 at 3000 271 at 3500 219 at 4500 219 at 4500 219 at 4500 219 at 4500 225 at 5000 Engine Analyzer v3 0 Perfsimance Trends 302 4 Back aie Print View SendToYehProgram File Analyze Help F1 219 161 PkTq Avg New 268 236 3 219 161 sto ono eo laoo faco leoon deso poro leoo jenro Notes Summary Piston speed somewhat high Spark Knock Click on Notes for details PkHP Avg Las 268 236 RPM Brake Tq Brake HP Exh Pres Int Vacuum Vol Eff Actual CFM Valve Flow amp Cam Calculations Overlap Area sq in deg 7 Total Exh Int 96 Lobe Separation deg 115 8 Exh 316 19 82 136 5 Total ug Flow Coef Lobe Area inch deg lu Area deg sq in Ma Centerlins deg 19 82 150 7 16 0 General Engine Calculations Displacement cc 4943 1 Displacenen Dynamic Comp Ratio 6 47 omp on Theo Crank Comprssn PSI 156 learance Est Ig afio lene cc Vac Hg 82 4 21 6 Starting Point Suggestions Pk 4666 RPH frea Dia Intake Port Runner Dimensions for runner cylinder Rec Inertia Len in 17 2 Rec Area sq in in 1 82 1 52 166 Chapter 4 Examples Click on View x then Show History Now for History Log Click here to close the History Log Click on Test Title and program will ask you to
259. r accessories All specs have been hidden except Accessories which are set to No accessories no fan no water pump Click on the down arrow for this combo box and select the 1990s prod engine in vehicle all accessories which should be typical of your 2 0L as it is installed in your car On an engine dynamometer the accessories would be much less like No accessories no fan no water pump and performance would improve That is one reason dynamometer tests usually show higher power than what the engine actually does in the vehicle Click on the OK button to close the Short Block menu and return to the Main Screen 3 Continue Picking Typical Example Specs for Other Parts Head s Click on the Head s button to open the Head s menu Click on the Get Example button or select the Pick an Example Type to open the categories of Head Examples You do know that your ZX2 2 0L is a 4 valve OHC engine so select the category of Typ Large 4 Valve Heads The Typical heads are listed for various sizes of cylinder bore because the larger the bore the larger the valves which can be fit within the bore You noticed in the Short Block menu shown in Figure 4 9 that the bore for the Typical 2 0L Short Block was shown as 3 52 inches Therefore select the Typ Stock 4vlv 3 5 Bore head Notice that this example is contained on 2 lines because there are so many specs The second row contains the specs for
260. r It is also handy to be able to go back to some condition which gave very good performance but you don t remember why or what the specs were Figure 3 19 shows the History Log and options Figure 3 19 History Log and Options Click on View then Show History for History Log Click on Test Title to nce Trends 302 4 h th Back Graph Print View SendToYehProgr m File Analyze Help F1 cnange the sena Bees sena Cotes Notes Summary A F mifture poor Spark PkTq Avg PkKHP Avg Title or Knock Click on Notesfor details New 271 244 223 151 Last 271 244 222 151 retrieve the specs which produced these results History Log is displayed below the columns of test results Test History on Show History Cigar erasa History Print Help Test Tite Save Peek Tq E E HP __lper _ Awa HP 271 at 3500 1 271 at 3500 f 271 at 3500 222 at 4500 Click and 271 at 3500 14 222 at 4500 z 430 at 3500 366 at 5000 move slide 430 at 3500 366 at 5000 bar to 256 at 2000 145 at 3500 z turbo v 6 Sat Oct 3 98 4 40 pm 256 at 2000 145 at 3500 display all turbo v 6 Sat Oct 398 4 39 pm 256 at 2000 145 at 3500 25 tests in turbo v 6 Sat Oct 398 4 39 pm 256 at 2000 145 at 3500 the History Click on Test Title 1st column to change it or to retrieve specs which produced those results Click in other columns for definitions Log i H Figure 3 20 Clicking On Test Title Test Title Retrieve the specs whi
261. r merges with a runner from another cylinder Most production carbureted manifolds have runners from 3 to 12 inches in length Manifolds for modern production fuel injected engines generally have longer runners 8 20 inches to take advantage of intake tuning effects at mid range RPMs Most manifolds have runners which vary in length from cylinder to cylinder Use the average length of all the runners or the average of the longest and shortest runner for this spec Flow Efficiency Is similar to the Flow Efficiency number for the valve in the Head s menu but describes the design of the runner within the intake manifold This does not describe the size or length of the runners as they have been described by other specifications This specification says for its particular size how well is the intake runner designed Obviously sharp bends to clear a distributor or provide for hood clearance rough irregular surfaces or abrupt changes in runner size where the intake manifold mates to the head are undesirable from a restriction and tuning point of view See Figure 2 10 A general rule for a good manifold and port design is one where you can see the entire intake valve for all cylinders from the carburetor or throttle body This type of design would likely have a Flow Efficiency of 100 indicating virtually no restriction due to the manifold design Use Table 2 5 to estimate the Runner Flow Effcy 32 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine
262. re 4 60 Portion of Analysis Report Cli lick and drag slide Analysis Report il bar to view 5 F entire Maximum Intake Manifold Yacuum Int Yacuum is 1 2 Hg This is somewhat high for an engine with an Individual Runner type Analysis intake and is limiting air flow and HP Report An IR type of intake can produce better tuning for improved Tq amp HP but it can be restrictive to air flow An IR intake requires 2 3 times more Carb or Throttle Body CFM Rating than intake types A where several cylinders share the same carb or throttle body Click here Reduce Int Yacuum by specifying a different Manifold Type g to print larger Carb or Throttle Body CFM Rating in the Intake spegs menu Analysis Report For an injected engine with one injector per ofli at least 53 Ibs hr injectors 199 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples As you read through the Analysis Report of Figure 4 60 some important points made by the report include e The engine is producing high torque for this engine displacement indicating good performance but the necessity for good head gaskets etc e Int Vacuum is somewhat high Performance will likely improve with a higher Throttle Body CFM Rating larger throttle or better flowing throttle plates This is a common problem with Individual Runner carburetor or injection intake systems e Piston Spd average piston speed is in the normal range for a race engines but this lev
263. re the belt ratio and engine RPM combination stays below this RPM or you are given a warning in the Notes section of the Test results Also boost and power are purposely reduced significantly to flag out this overspeed problem Safety Note You must follow the supercharger manufacturer s recommendations for maximum belt ratios maximum engine RPM and maximum supercharger RPM Belt Ratio Is the ratio between the drive pulley mounted on the engine crankshaft and the driven pulley on the Centrifugal supercharger This ratio identifies the amount of speed increase between engine RPM and supercharger RPM Belt Ratio can be calculated by the equation below or by clicking on the Cle button as shown in Section 2 9 20 Belt Ratio Crank Pulley Diameter inches S C Pulley Diameter inches Many people talk about the overdrive or underdrive of a supercharger The equation to convert Ratio to overdrive is Overdrive Belt Ratio 1 x 100 For example if the Belt Ratio is 1 5 the Overdrive would be 1 5 1 x 100 or 50 Overdrive If the Belt Ratio is 8 the Overdrive would be 8 1 x 100 or 20 Overdrive or 20 Underdrive Safety Note You must follow the supercharger manufacturer s recommendations for maximum belt ratios maximum engine RPM and maximum supercharger RPM Intercooler Eff This combo box lets you pick the effectiveness of the intercooler to cool the intake charge An intercooler looks much like a radiator but
264. ree Specs the Example Gross Valve Lift in you change some of the Example specs p 44 Duration _200 OK Help Get Example Save Example Print Piston Valve Clearance New Clc option for Lobe Separation See Figure A 15 fo e Max Lobe Lift in 246 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Figure A 15 More Cam Valve Train Specs Screen Features You can calculate an exact Ramp Rating for a General Description or to match 2 Calc Ramp Rating Intake specific duration inputs by your choice of Follower Type Four 4 calculated outputs describing the resulting profile pen Ore eee are shown at the top of this screen Duration Seat Timing Minimum T appet Dia in Calc Ramp Rating Cam Specs You can now choose Based On O50 200 v the Harley Davidson lift Duration 050 amp 200 spec for rating events of 053 tappet lift Follower Type Solid Flat 7 Allow Dwell Over Nose User Specifie v Dwell Over Nose deg Max Tappet Lift in F Designed Valve Lash in Intake 050 inches 040 inches 1 mm Rocker Rati Centerline deg ATDC Seat ably Duration 050 053 inches Harle Open 050 BTDC Duration 050 Close 050 ABDC Duration 200 Max Lobe Lift in i Help Cancel ARUGBO H Simple Clc screen Enter Lobe Separation to let you change Enter new Lobe Separation from 80 to 130 degrees lo
265. reflect vehicle installation o Click on Help in menu line for BI k more detailed info on options oc specs Figure 4 2 Engine Library Engine Analyzer v3 0 Performance Trends 302 4 File engine Calc HP F2 Preferences Help F1 program is currently working with The current specs may d 43 Engines in Library Chosen Engine File 302 4 have been changed and be different than the Engine in Library of the same name Preview Click on the engine you want to Open to see a Preview Double click to Open immediately Preview of chosen highlighted engine Click on Help in menu line for Pere rey oes Nec emer more detailed info on options Click here to show H Engine Library 152 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples 2 Pick Typical Example Specs Starting with Short Block The Engine Analyzer has Typical example specs loaded in for you to pick from These specs may not exactly match your engine but are close enough to let you use the program Start the engine buildup process by clicking on the Short Block specs button as shown in Figure 4 1 You will see specs which are for the current engine Figure 4 3 shows there are usually 2 ways to pick Typical Example specs for your 2 0L 1 Click on the Get Example button at the bottom of the Short Block menu 2 Click on the down arrow button on the Type spec at the top
266. res The Engine Analyzer program by Performance Trends Inc is a software system to let engine builders racers performance enthusiasts and even the average driver understand and predict many aspects of full power Engine acceleration The Engine Analyzer Version 3 has been designed to be easier and more accurate Several new features have been added and other features enhanced The major changes in Engine Analyzer Version 3 are listed below New Features e Mouse driven user interface compatible with Windows and Window 95 for easier operation and better print capability Lots more example intakes cams heads etc preloaded for you to pick from Can save your own example component specs Can load cam specs based on events at 050 040 1mm or seat timing Can describe ramp of cam profile from mild hydraulic to inverted flank solid roller Can print most menus and calculation menus separately Keeps log of last 25 tests run for comparison or recall You can also select to save up to 10 of these tests for as long as you wish You can also select to graph up to 5 of these tests with the current results e Advanced file Open and Save commands let you access any drive or directory with standard Windows File Dialog menu e The name of the example components is saved and displayed so you know what the specs represents like Dart II heads Victor Jr manifold etc Better printing of reports Many more options for the graphs li
267. ress lt Esc gt to 7 Example highlighted so you can pick return to the Emi Pison vatre eames the next one in series if vou wish Examples screen 4 At the graph screen you can compare the current results with some previous results 3 Press lt F5 gt from here to make a graph Gal Enor Analyces Phos v3 Pertomaneo Trees 2000 Ford DOHC GL Cobra Stock J o Gah Dri Vew GedlddPogas Fie Araire Heb v32 Tq BHP eRe a ean See Tame Nar see 2 6 Press lt Esc gt to 5 Press lt Esc gt to return to the a0 return to the Test Component screen Results screen Note You can just start at step 2 change a component spec setting press lt F5 gt twice to get a graph then press lt Esc gt twice to return to the component menu to make another change You may want to adjust Preference and Graph settings to make this process more streamlined 235 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Figure A5 New Graph Features 7 Us Engine Analyzer v3 2 1 2003 Ford DOHC 4 6L Cobra Stock Back File Format View Help history LAST cam TQ HP Baseline el Pnn el ele Lede Dees ene sasan Print in Black amp White dashed lines Windows Print Options current Torque Horsepower Exit Printing graphs in Black amp White a S last results H i Torque 322 dashed lines is Horsepower 379 now available i Even though no results
268. rmance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Example 4 2 Installing Hydraulic And Solid Lifter Camshafts Features Introduced and suggested background reading e Using Calculation Menu for cam specs Section 2 9 9 e Graphing Options Section 3 3 e Evaluating Valve Flow amp Cam Calculations and General Engine Calculation in the Special Calculations results Section 2 8 2 e History Log Section 3 6 More than any other single engine modification the camshaft determines the engine s personality from a low speed stump puller to a high revving Formula winner Then it s no surprise that a great deal of the Engine Analyzer s calculations center around the cam profile and timing To investigate these calculations you will simulate installing aftermarket solid and hydraulic camshafts Check Appendix 6 for MANY new features to describe the Cam added in std and Plus version 3 4 Get Baseline Performance of Stock Cam Because you will get into more detail in this example be sure to have selected Experienced User in Preferences at the Main Screen However to keep the Cam Valve Train menu simple leave Show Valve Open Close unchecked See Figure 4 1 in Example 4 1 Then Open a fresh copy of the 302 4V from the Engine Library by clicking on the Engine Library button at the top of the Main Screen as shown in Example 4 1 Figure 4 2 Calculate Performance so the program s History Log has a record of how the stock cam
269. rs e There are no Lobe Lift numbers just Valve Lift Since there are no 050 Durations click on Rating Lift in the General Cam Specs at the top of the Cam Valve Train menu and select Seat Timing You will notice that the Duration labels are now 170 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples E changed to Advertised Duration the numbers you have for the Solid Roller For Lifter profile Type select Agr Solid Roller since this is an aftermarket generally aggressive solid roller camshaft Like before leave Valve Train as Pushrod w Rckr Arm prod since you are using the production rocker arms and springs Note that in reality you would probably be getting all new roller tappets pushrods rocker arms and springs and you would probably change this setting to Pushrod w RckrArm improved We re leaving the production parts to illustrate some points Next we ll start typing in the intake numbers from the catalog Table 4 1 which you are given Because the Durations are now labeled Advertised Durations you can type in the 264s for both the Intake and Exhaust For Centerlines we ll have to make some Fiqure 4 29 Lobe Lift Calc Menu assumptions You may not know this but if the cam is installed Straight Up the Lobe Separation is the same as the Lobe Centerlines Therefore make this Calc Max Lobe Lift in assumptions and type in 106 for the Intake and Exhaust Lobe Centerlines Notice that Total Ca
270. rt Block menu increase with increased engine displacement For example if you specify a stroke which is 20 longer to the Engine Analyzer displacement increases 20 and so does the friction from these 3 sources e No dynamics of the valve train are simulated until major problems like Valve Toss or Lifter Pump Up are estimated to occur The Engine Analyzer assumes a near perfect valve train except that some Rocker Arm Ratio bending is assumed The higher the Rocker Arm Ratio the more bending assumed Rocker Arm Ratio is assumed constant and Valve Lash does not change with temperature e Intake and exhaust tuning are very complex simulations as identified in Appendix 3 Small changes in air temperature surface temperature within the air tracts and effects from other cylinders make exact tuning simulations impossible See Appendix 3 for more complete tuning assumptions e All combustion chambers are burning the air fuel mixture well Although the Chamber Design spec in the Head s menu will show some difference for different chamber designs the program assumes there are no major problems e There are no ignition system problems 210 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Appendix 2 Summary of 4 Cycle Internal Combustion Engine Theory Most performance enthusiasts know the 4 processes which occur in the 4 cycle internal combustion engine namely Intake Compression Combustion and Expansion Exhaust
271. s and valves at a valve lift from 200 to 550 kart parts and more e New Printing options for reports i Help Cancel Print including different Font Sizes and omitting the Starting Point Suggestions for cam and runner dimensions in 232 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes ouuu Preferences Starting Point Suggestions are now done much better through the Optimize feature e New Printing options for graphs including Dot Matrix Printer Adjustment Width adjustments and more in Preferences e Comments can be saved with each component describing it in some detail e Version 3 0 let you send a power curve to a vehicle program to be loaded and run in that vehicle Version 3 2 lets you do that also However that process requires several key strokes and time Version 3 2 lets you Auto Link with a vehicle program of your choosing Auto Link runs every power curve you produce through a vehicle program and produces a summary of the results Now you can instantly see how a cam change head swap more nitrous will affect ET or circle track Lap Times At the time of printing this manual Auto Link was only available for the Drag Racing Analyzer v3 2 and Circle Track Analyzer v3 2 Fi A2 N ti t Mai igure ew Options at Main Screen Bawend Example Engines are now stored Optimize separately from vehicles you create Feature Al Engine Analyzer Plus 3 2 Performan
272. s are blocked off Also do not install the carburetor The Engine Analyzer treats the carburetor restriction differently from the valve port and runner restrictions Occasionally a manifold may flow better with the carb or throttle body than without In these instances you should provide an optimum entrance at the carb pad since the carb itself would be a significant restriction An optimum entrance can be molded out of clay It may be more convenient to just flow the cylinder head with the intake and exhaust manifold header installed rather than trying to develop optimum adapters If this is what you want to do see Example 4 5 If you did not exactly have an optimum adapter for obtaining Flow w o Runner then your Valve Flow Efficiency will be too low and your Runner Flow Efficiency will be too high Also see Examples 4 5 and 4 6 Accurate determination of Runner Flow Efficiency has three advantages e Youcan more accurately swap manifold runners onto heads in the computer which have not been flowed together e You gain insight as to manifold and header flow restriction and design Manifolds and headers with low flow Efficiencies have much potential for flow gains from redesign and porting Flow restrictions from components with high flow Efficiencies indicate the size of the component is more of a restriction than its design e Runner Flow Efficiency has a significant effect on tuning however this effect is not yet clearly understood
273. s more torque at low RPM apply the rules under To increase Actual CFM at low RPM with little effect at higher RPM for example Set Intake Heat to Less or None Another factor which has a large impact on Brk Tq and Brake HP is Friction HP If the Engine Analyzer results show significantly more HP at higher RPM try increasing Friction HP as discussed previously Look through all 22 rows of the RPM data Three factors which effect performance but not necessarily air flow include e A F Mix Qal being less than 100 especially at low RPM reduces the engine s thermal efficiency ability to burn the fuel efficiently Reduce runner sizes valve sizes Octane which program assumes affects vapor pressure carburetor size or specify Secondary Throttles etc e Valve Toss or Lifter Pump up indicated as Moderate or Extreme will significantly reduce power at high RPM Avoid this by specifying less aggressive cam ramps less Lobe Lift for the same duration less Rocker Arm Ratio or a better Valve Train rating e Spark Adv can be retarded to avoid spark knock or detonation Look for asterisk at different Spark Adv readings to see if spark has been retarded from what the engine wants to run If so you may need to increase Octane lower Compression Ratio lower Coolant Temp etc An excellent tool to understand the Engine Analyzer s output and find potential problems with a combination is the Analysis Report See Section 3 1 and Example 4
274. s the centerlines correctly e We ve added a Clc button for Lobe Lift being calculated from Gross Valve Lift and Rocker Arm Ratio We ve also added a Clc button for Lobe Separation Fig A 15 e Cam Advance can now go from 30 Retard to 30 Advance e We ve made some refinements to the Cam Profiles created by the EA Pro to more precisely time them to the nearest 0 1 deg e We ve added 053 lift for rating events like Harley Davidson cams Fig A 14 Turbo Supercharger e The Roots Supercharger type now allows for an Intercooler Fig A 19 Calculation Conditions e Program now has Fuel Option of E85 Plus Version Only Fig A 20 e Program now displays the Typical Octane for various fuel types Fig A 20 Calculations e We ve increased the Piston Speed limit above which program says is Impossibly High because materials and technology have made huge strides over recent years e Idle vacuum now more precisely estimated for super turbocharger type and size e The program now better checks for blank inputs before doing calculations ASCII Data Files e We ve added a Browse button to screen for writing ASCII files of test results Fig A 21 e We ve added an option to include the Special Calculations section for writing ASCII files of test results Plus Version Only Fig A 21 Graphs e Program now has an Edit Printed Graph command under Format It opens a screen where you have several options on how to print your gra
275. s usually not as strong as the second pulse The area and diameter given will also give optimum inertia tuning for this engine and this runner length Also see Rec Inertia Len in and Rec Area sq in in You can determine the Port Volume for any diameter given in this section by going to the Head s Specs menu and typing it in for Intake Port Avg Diameter and seeing what Port Volume is calculated For this Port Volume to be accurate you must also have entered the correct Port Length in the Head s Specs menu first 88 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Exhaust Dimensions for x Runner cylinder Similar to the intake recommendations the assumed number of exhaust runners per cylinder is also stated in parentheses This assumption is based on the Layout in the Exhaust section of the Head s menu For example the area given for 2 runners per cylinder will be approximately half the area recommended for 1 runner per cylinder Rec Len 1st Pulse and Rec Area 300ft sec Is the exhaust runner length from the valve to the collector to produce strong resonance tuning for this engine This resonance pulse is from the first reflection and is usually the strongest pulse available for exhaust resonance tuning The area and diameter given will produce an average calculated exhaust runner velocity of 300 ft sec Several sources state this velocity gives good exhaust inertia tuning The Pro s detailed calcu
276. see the effect Click on Back in the upper left corner of the test results screen then click on Cam Valve Train to open that menu Just as you did before click on Type at the top then Pick an Example then choose the Typical Cams Category then Typical Stock HO OHC example Calculate performance again to obtain results as shown in Figure 4 17 It shows closer agreement to the factory ratings now being only 6 HP low Click on the Graph button or the Graph menu command shown in Figure 4 17 to display a graph of the Figure 4 17 Portion of Test Results for ZX2 with Typical Stock HO OHC Cam Click here for Main Screen _ Click here or here to graph the results Engine Analyzer v3 Performance Trends MY ZX2 2 0L Summary shows acs ag Pri peaks of 129 ft Ib oo er Notes Notes Summary Piston speed Very PkTq Avg Fie E high Spark Knock Click on Notes for New 123 115 and 124 HP Cmnts 128 112 details Last 4000 4500 T Peak HP now at 128 129 126 123 119 116 25 8 F 6000 RPM J 73 3 86 1 95 8 105 113 122 Exh Pres 6 a 9 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 4 5 test results as shown in Figure 4 18 Figure 4 18 also shows how you can change the graph to appear like Figure 4 19 or 4 20 In Experienced User mode there are even more options See Preferences on page 13 14 162 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 18 Graph of Test Results from Figure 4 17 Click on Format to
277. setting can be different on the intake vs the exhaust Plus version only Fig A 14 e The program now allows for using a Ramp Rating for the cam profile for more exact cam profiles There is also a Cle screen to calculate the ramp rating to match certain duration specs at either 200 lift or seat timing Plus version only Fig A 14 A 15 e We ve added hundreds of new Example Cam Categories especially Imports and Motorcycles and cams themselves Many are stock engine cam files from John Holm Many thanks John e The screen for opening std Engine Analyzer Example components now let you select to only show components which match up to 3 criteria you have selected at the bottom of the screen Fig A 16 239 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes k _ _L _ __ ERE SSS ESSE SS ee e We ve added option to import Other Format Files for Cam files like cam and scm files from Desktop Dyno tm and DynoSim tm Fig A 18 e The screen for opening Example Cams now show the Gross Valve Lift and Lobe Separation for the cam you selected if you right click on the selected cam Fig A 16 e We ve added an Optimize Using These Cams button in the Example Cams screen The program will run each cam you ve selected in the Example Cams screen and display the 4 cams which best meet your Optimize criteria Fig A 16 A 17 e When you change Lobe Separation in the Cam Specs screen now the program adjust
278. simulation of the influences from one cylinder on another with regard to intake or exhaust tuning effects Carb or throttle body restriction level and Exh System CFM Rating are simulated correctly to handle total flow from all cylinders considering the Intake Manifold Design and an assumed Exhaust System design e The fuel remains liquid in the intake manifold and the cylinder until the intake valve closes Therefore vaporization of the fuel does not displace any air or reduce volumetric efficiency or performance e The program attempts to predict the A F distribution and A F mixture quality based on very simple assumptions The program assumes there are not major A F distribution problems 209 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes _ __ _ LLL_ _L_L_LzE_E SSS EE SS Se e The Octane number of Gas reduces the vapor pressure of the Gas This means that the higher the Octane for the Gas the more likely A F Mixture Quality problems e Cam timing and profiles are assumed to be typical of off the shelf cams Profiles are assumed symmetric that means the opening ramp is the same as the closing ramp Generally this simulates asymmetric cams quite well also e For Gas simulations the energy released during combustion is based on a fuel called octane with a heating value of approximately 19 000 BTU Ib For Alcohol the heating value is 8 600 BTU LB e The frictional drag from the three 3 Losses specs in the Sho
279. sions give optimum inertia tuning at 5000 RPM rather than the desired 8000 RPM e The contribution to volumetric efficiency during overlap is high shown by the high values of Overlap VE of over 7 at 5500 RPM e In ResTunPrs pulses are high showing a maximum of 1 4 PSI at 5500 RPM and a minimum of 9 PSI at 6000 RPM e The Est Idle Vac of 3 indicates this cam has a huge amount of overlap which is required for a high RPM race engine Due to the high RPM relatively long intake runners and high overlap camshaft intake resonance tuning In ResTunPrs may be important for this engine One can see that when In ResTunPrs is high and positive Overlap VE is high Vol Eff is high and torque and HP are high Where In ResTunPrs is a high negative number vacuum pulse during overlap Overlap VE Vol Eff torque and HP are low 200 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples SS SSS SS SO At the bottom of Figure 4 58 in the Special Calculations section there are some Starting Point Suggestions for intake and exhaust runner dimensions Repeat the performance calculations 3 times with the intake runner combinations from Table 4 4 Table 4 4 Starting Point Suggestions for Runner Dimensions at 8000 RPM Inertia Tuning 99 o 2nd Pulse 3rd Pulse Important The Starting Point Suggestions are for the entire intake runner from the valve to the end of the runner However the runner is broken into 2 parts in the
280. spacer spacers throttle bore l 2 9 7 2 Calc CFM Flow Rating Is the CFM Flow Rating calculated from flow bench data Note Since this calculation is based on flow data for the actual carburetor or throttle body this is the most accurate method of determining CFM Flow Rating Ifthe value you obtain here is significantly different than the manufacturer s CFM rating at 1 5 Hg double check your flow data The manufacturer s CFM rating should not be more than 15 different unless you have made modifications to the carb 108 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Flow Bench Data Flow Bench Flow CFM The CFM recorded when flowing the carb or throttle body on the flow bench Bench Test Pres water The test pressure when flowing the carb or throttle body on the flow bench This is usually 10 20 25 or 28 inches of water If you flow at 20 4 of water you are flowing at 1 5 Hg and the CFM you record is the carb s CFM Flow Rating Since carbs are usually flowed so differently than heads this menu does not automatically set Test Pres to the Default Test Pressure mentioned in Section 2 9 5 and 2 9 6 Carb Flowed Figure 2 39 Calc CFM Flow Rating from Flow Bench Data Calc CFM Flow Rating Calc CFM Flow Rating B12 Flow Bench Data Flow Bench Flow CFM Bench Test Pres H20 Notes Although the third spec says Carb the calculation is equally accurate
281. splayed A progress bar graph shows how the calculations are progressing The calculations may require several seconds on slower computers Figure 1 3 Calculated Results Results Engine Analyzer v3 0 Performance Trends 302 4 Summary Back Graph Print View SendToVehProgram File Analyze Help F1 sena ete Notes Summary Piston speed somewhat lhe PkTq Avg PKHP Avg HIE E sera Cant gt Knock Click of Wa Sum mary of Last 268 236 219 161 important Notes Brake Tq 268 268 mae 255 of Interest Click Brake HP y 153 178 201 219 on Notes button Exh Pres k 5 3 1 0 1 4 1 9 2 4 i x i E E E i for more info z i i 80 7 829 843 85 0 Actual CFM 227 272 Fuel Flow 3 78 9 946 110 125 sn i Tabular results A F Mix Qal 6 100 0 1000 1000 100 0 i E I which change 516 530 548 570 f P i H H with RPM lik 6 812 6 998 7 234 7 529 K g S 31 41 54 68 i dyno results 337 394 450 506 1500 1750 2000 2250 497 676 89 g 669 986 Special Calc A O A on ulation results 237 267 296 326 which do not change with Total Avg Flow Coef RPM like idle Lobe Area inch deg Ulu Area deg sq in i vacuum dis Lobe Centerlins deg 116 0 s placement etc The final results will appear in a table as in Figure 1 3 The rows are for various types of readings Brk Tq Brake HP etc which occurred at the RPMs you requested in the Running Conditions menu The results contain much information some which m
282. sq in deg e Total Avg Flow Coef 261 318 and Special Total Exh Int 91 1 Lobe Area inch deg 24 86 24 86 C lation Lobe Separation deg 114 8 Ulu Area deg sq in 161 1 146 8 a cula ons Lobe Centerlins deg 114 6 Section bottom HP These are very close to the factory ratings of 127 ft Ibs and 130 HP especially considering you 161 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples TE knew almost nothing about the engine These results would probably be close enough for you to now make modifications on to see what helps or hurts performance If some modification showed a 5 HP gain you could be reasonable sure your engine should show about a 5 HP gain even though the predicted HP may be about 10 HP low 6 Fine Tuning The Engine Analyzer s torque is about right the HP is low and the RPMs where both peak 3000 and 3500 for torque and 5500 for HP are lower than the factory rating You may not know this now but most modifications which improve air flow or performance will increase HP more than torque and will shift the peak RPMs to a higher RPM It looks like some components with improved breathing would help the program match the factory ratings You may have noticed when you picked several of the Typical example components there was a higher performance example available For example there was a Typical Stock HO OHC cam available instead of just the Typical Stock OHC cam Try installing the HO cam and
283. st Figure A7 New Help Options Bre New Help Ea Engine Analyzer Plus v3 2 Performance Trends 2003 Ford DOHC 4 6L Colas Options File engine Cale HP Preferences Help Reg To Kevin Gertgen available by Help on Main S Opti icki Engine Library Save Engine E E N clicking on i Help at top of 3 About Engine Analyzer Main S Engine Specs ain Screen Display User Manual with v3 2 Short Block Display v3 2 Supplement Display Readme doc File Heads Performance Trends on the Web Intake System Other Performance Trends Products Engine Analyzer Plus Features set Snerified 400 CFM Fxhaust Sustem Exhaust System 237 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Figure A8 Auto Linking to a Vehicle Program Drag Racing Analyzer v3 2 shown here In Preferences choose which Vehicle Program to is Preferences a Auto Link to At this time only Drag Racing Analyzer v3 2 and Circle Track t Analyzer v3 2 will Auto Link Auto Link to Yehicle Program Auto Link to Drag Race Analyzer v3 2 Click here to have system Send Power Curve to Vehicle Program Cancel locate the Vehicle Program Allow a Choice Each Time you have chosen The results of the New current Engine Power Curve coupled with the Vehicle File in the Vehicle Program produces these PkTq Avg PkHP Avg DRA ET Impry results The Last results are for the ee rea ray ior ey sik previous E
284. st Comments 3 Engine Comments z a ee Graph Comment t Titles Tq HP Data _See Titles Engine Picture OK Help Titles to Use Options and the Comment in this lower section apply to the whole graph Figure A 23 shows a printout for the options picked here 253 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Figure A 23 Printed Graph with New Features Engine Analyzer v3 4 Calculated Test Results Company Logo graphics file Plus version only Graphics file from Main Screen of Program 1 1 1 alate a A r EE 1 1 1 1 1 Test and Engine Comments for Bigger Cam 220 deg 050 Intake Bigger Cam on this 302 RPM 1500 2000 Tq 198 218 HP 56 7 83 1 Engine Analyzer v3 4 Eng 1985 Ford Mustang 5 00 302 Stock es eee Feet free a ee Test Results Engine Analyzer Appendixes Kevin s Engine Analyzer for This Graph Printed 1985 Ford Mustang 5 0L 302 Stock Calculations 4 15 pm 04 08 10 Performance ds C 2008 Page 1 2 lines of user entered text Plus version only Bigger Cam Torque 229 Horsepov 218 Baseline Torque 216 Horsepov 205 If you have a cursor line on the graph the cursor line is now printed also Values at the cursor are also printed in the legend Additional text and data printed at bottom of page under graph as selected in screen shown in Fiaure A 22 Comments and data may continue onto a 4500 214 254 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendi
285. st before any Runner Height in other specs in this menu can be entered aAa Fouad Hactane Calculating Avg Diameter from volume is generally the more accurate method However for Use Calc Value the Intake Port this is automatically done for you in the main Heads Specs menu Port Diameter is calculated and displayed based on the current Port Length as you enter in Port Volume in CCs For exhaust headers it is usually best to simply subtract 1 from the tubing OD to obtain the inside runner diameter and not use this Calculation Menu 96 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Port Length in The length of the port or runner along its centerline in inches For a port this would start at the valve stem center location at the valve seat or valve throat It would continue down the middle of the port to the manifold or header mating surface For many intake ports 5 is a typical length For an intake runner this is the length from the cylinder head to the first abrupt enlargement upstream of the cylinder head The abrupt enlargement can be several different things e The intake manifold plenum The plenum is the open area where all the runners merge directly under the carburetor s or after the throttle body on fuel injected manifolds The best example of a plenum is the very evident box on tunnel ram type manifolds e The end which is open to atmosphere or
286. stance from the center of Con Rod Length the wrist pin bore to the center of the crank journal bore measured in inches This spec is not used in Beginner User mode as it has a small effect on performance 16 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Accessories Front end accessories rob the engine of significant power which could otherwise be used to power the vehicle Click on the down arrow button of this combo box to pick the description of the accessories on your engine Generally the further down the list you go the more or larger accessories that are assumed and the more power robbed from the final brake torque and HP numbers Crankcase This combo box lets you pick a general design of the crankshaft as far as windage drag is concerned Windage can rob significant amounts or power from the engine especially at high speed Pick from the following designs e High Oil Drag is where there is higher than normal drag like oil overfill or excessive foaming where the crank actually hits the oil level e Typical windage would be a typical production design without provisions to minimize windage like scrapers windage tray deep sump etc e Low windage would be where provisions have been made to minimize windage like scrapers windage tray deep sump etc e Low Case Pressure is where a small air pump is used to reduce crankcase pressure significantly to over 10 mercury vacuum e Dry s
287. sted down to match other sources of stock Pontiac flow data 24 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions _ _ EE See SS SS Many additional heads are loaded in the cylinder Head s Examples If you have flow bench data at approximately L D 25 click on the Clc button to calculate Flow Efficiency as described in Section 2 9 5 Note The total flow potential of a port depends not only on the flow efficiency but also on the number of valves per cylinder and the valve diameter A very good Flow Efficiency at L D 25 of say 60 to 75 does not mean the port valve is not restrictive and limiting power What it means is to flow more air you probably must increase the valve size See Figure 2 7 Figure 2 7 Illustration of Valve Size Diameter Flow Efficiency and Effect of Flow Bench Air Flow and Engine HP Potential Large Valve 2 Dia Larve Valve 2 Dia Small Valve 1 Dia Large Flow Effcy 60 Small Flow Effcy 30 Large Flow Effcy 60 Bench Flow 280 CFM Bench Flow 140 CFM Bench Flow 70 CFM HP Potential 600 HP Potential 380 HP Potential 270 ay Important Plus version adds the ability to include a full flow curve 25 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions poe a a ee a a Exhaust Port Specs Layout See Layout in Intake Port Specs earlier in this chapter Valve Diameter in See V
288. ston Gs Anything which lightens reciprocating components extends safe RPM limit Other short block specs which affect strength of rotating components Valve Train Specs which allow high revving without valve toss VOLEFF Volumetric efficiency Most cylinder Head s Specs Most Intake System Specs All Exhaust System Specs All Cam Specs Most Supercharger Specs Weather Conditions and Nitrous Oxide under Running Conditions C E F Chemical Energy of the Fuel Gasoline Alcohol Possibly Nitrous Oxide Note This is where alcohol and nitro methane burning engines make additional power over gas engines When burned these fuels release more energy per pound of air than gasoline Nitrous oxide on the other hand is only a way to get more oxygen into the cylinder so more fuel can be burned Technically nitrous oxide is improving VE by supplying air with more oxygen for example 30 rather than the 21 oxygen typical of normal air TEFF Thermal efficiency Compression Ratio Spark Advance Specs Piston Coatings Combustion Chamber Design and Coating Cylinder Head Material MEFF Mechanical efficiency Most Short Block Specs Coolant Temp effects oil temp and therefore oil viscosity Supercharger Specs for centrifugal or Roots type belt driven superchargers 217 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes 218 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Appendix 3 Intake and
289. strength of exhaust tuning Bottom half of Special Calculations section shows Starting Point Suggestions for an RPM you enter at the Running Conditions menu Click and drag slide bar to view lower section of results Pay close attention to this note describing limitations of these suggestions C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 59 Analysis Report Options Once performance is calculated as shown in Figure 4 58 the Engine Analyzer can create an Analysis Analysis Options Short Form Report Report Click on Analyze to bring up the Analysis Options menu as shown in Figure 4 59 Since this is a race engine that you want to produce good HP Desired HP Peak RPM at 8000 RPM set Desired HP Peak RPM to 8000 8000 and Application to Full Race The program will Application use these guidelines and analyze the calculated performance for ways to meet your objectives point out potential safety concerns etc Tip Enter the specs above for this engine s intended use then click on Make Report The program will create a brief report describing adjustments to make to better achive your goals safety issues and a general explanation of these performance results IMPORTANT The Engine Analyzer can NOT anticipate all UNSAFE and poor performing situations Do NOT rely only on the Analysis report to point out problems and SAFETY HAZARDS Figu
290. t race headers designed primarily for low restriction good 75 95 tuning characteristics Collector Length Is the length of the collector on the Tube Headers from the end of the primary pipes at the beginning of the collector to the end of the collector where it opens to atmosphere or dumps into a muffler If you have selected a Design other than Tube Headers this spec is disabled and not used in the calculations 39 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Exhaust System Type This combo lets you describe the source of the specs used in this menu e You can specify Open Headers or No Exhaust System e You can select the Use Restriction Spec Below and enter in most any Exhaust System CFM Rating e You can pick the Pick an Example to be presented with a list of Example Exhaust System Specs much the same as clicking on the Get Example button It will then display the name of the Example Exhaust System specs you have picked The Type you choose has a large effect on how the Exhaust System section of this menu looks If you choose Use Specs Below all specs will be printed in black and you can change them to most any number you want If you have chosen an example the specs which relate directly to the example will be displayed in blue or hidden if you are in Beginner User mode Should you choose to change any of these blue specs a notice is given that changing any spec related to the example will ch
291. t Deg F calculated from the following specs Dew Point Deg F is defined on page 63 under Running Conditions specs See page 91 for general notes on Calculation Menus and for an example of their use Know Relative Humidity Your choice here will determine which specs are enabled in this menu 112 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Outside Air Temp deg F Figure 2 43 Calc Dew Point Is the outside air temperature when the relative Calc Dew Point deg F humidity measurement was made For example if the weather service or weather Calc Dew Point report gives a relative humidity of 56 and a temperature of 68 degrees use 68 for the Weather Inputs Outside Air Temp If you chose No for Know Relative Humidity this spec is disabled and its value is ignored in the calculation Outside Air Temp deg F Outside Rel Humidity Know Relative Humidity Yes Dig Bub Temp deo E i ee o Outside Rel Humidity Wei Huth Temp deg E Is the air s relative humidity as reported by a weather service or measured by humidity instruments If you chose No for Know Relative Humidity this spec is disabled and its value is ignored in the calculation Dry Bulb Temp deg F Is the temperature of the dry bulb thermometer on the psychrometer in degrees F This is also the temperature of any thermometer mounted in the shade when the Wet Bulb Temp reading is taken The Dry Bulb Temp must n
292. t uusually 1 3 1 8 tappet lift for Lobe Separation for rocker arm systems For direct acting Intake and systems enter 1 p 49 Exhaust then Intake and Exhaust valve lifts are ipdefediohaw Intake Gross Valve Lift in Exhaust Gross Valve Lift in 168 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 26 Results for Hydraulic Cam Note comparison Engine Analyzer v3 0 Performance Trends 302 4 of current results a Back Graph Print View SendToVehProgram File Analyze Help F1 Hydraulic cam Notes Summary Lifter Pump Up Piston speed PkTq Avg PkHP Avg i E sena ee Sena Motes somewhat high Spaik Krack Click on Notes for New 257 221 221 155 tO last results ails Last 268 236 219 161 Stoc k cam Ta ao o a E R ee 000s moe Ps Tq arz Nu u _ i Note Lifter Brake HP i 215 Exh Pres i i I 23 a ae i Pump up with 6 6 7 Hydraulic Cam 84 2 82 7 77 9 Actual CFM 5 f 2 356 388 402 Fuel Flow i J I j j Name this test A 2 bd Chel ate ate Q Hydraulic Cam Also overlap frea sq inxdeg 6r 4 notice that the TestHistoy O TE History Log Don t Show History Cleaf erase History Print Help shows the ete ine Pes Nre Tatare ae Tro Te abt Hydraulic cam Hydraulic Cam 257 at 4000 221 at 5000 rfor Stock Cam 268 at 3000 219 at 4500 2932S ct ea 302 4y Sun Oct 11 98 2 48 pm 268 at 3000
293. t Diameter changes to match this volume and the Port Length spec Also if you enter or change the Avg Port Diameter this value will be calculated based on that diameter and the current Port Length spec If you set the number of ports to 2 this is the Volume of only 1 of these ports These ports are assumed to be the same length and Volume Port Length in Is the length of the intake port down the center of the port from the intake valve to the end of the head port the start of the intake manifold runner For many common heads 4 5 6 is a typical length This spec combined with the Intake Manifold Runner Length has a significant impact on intake tuning and therefore performance Try to be reasonably accurate inputting this value Flow Efficiency The flow capacity of the heads can be described by a combination of the valve area diameter and the Flow Efficiency The total flow capacity of the intake port and valve has a substantial impact on performance Precise information for a particular head design is only available from flow tests on a flow bench A flow bench is a device which will maintain a constant pressure drop across the port and measure the amount of air flow the pressure drop produces CFM Cubic Feet per Minute flow 22 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions measurements are usually made with the valve at various lifts From this data and knowing the valve diameter flow efficienc
294. t be durable and driven on the street Full Race An engine designed for racing only Since there are several classes of racing from circle track claimer and restricted classes to Formula 1 the Analysis report does not get extremely specific When calculated test results are displayed on the screen you can obtain an Analysis Report by clicking on Analyze in the menu bar The Analysis report consists of 1 3 pages of suggestions for improving performance safety warnings etc concerning the performance results calculated See Figure 3 3 and 3 4 for examples Figure 3 4 Portion of Typical Analysis Report Analysis Report Analysis Report for Mild Street Engine with Desired HP Peak at 6000 RPM Peak Tq 275 3750 RPM 91 Ft Lbs per Culn Peak HP 223 4500 RPM 4 HP per Culn Maximum Exhaust System Backpressure Exh Pres is 3 3 PSI This is typical for a mild street vehicle with a free flowing production type exhaust system Typical ranges of Exhaust System Backpressure are listed on page 32 in the User s Manual You can lower the Back pressure by increasing Exh System CFM Rating in the Exhaust Specs menu Lowering the Exh System CFM Rating will simulate a quieter more restrictive exhaust system Most dyno tests are done with open headers which are simulated by selecting the Open Headers from the Exh System Type combo box C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output 3 2 ASCII Data F
295. t below 6500 RPM Ex TunPrs drops off quickly but above 6500 RPM it drops quite slowly If you designed for best exhaust tuning at 8000 RPM at RPMs below 8000 RPM exhaust tuning would be quite poor Figure 4 65 shows performance of the stock exhaust and the recommended exhaust Note that the optimum exhaust shows only slight gain through the RPM range 204 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 65 Baseline vs Optimum Suggested Exhaust Header Engine Analyzer v3 0 HYDRPLN V6 Back File Format View Help HISTORY last cam TQ YP Base Suggested exhaust header suggested exh dimensions _ Torque provide a slight Horsepower improvement at high RPM lHorsepower 75 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500 RPM This example makes some important points e Exhaust tuning is not as effective at making performance improvements as intake tuning especially when intake tuning is already good Exhaust tuning can only scavenge the clearance volume However intake tuning cam both scavenge the clearance volume and provide supercharging at intake closing due to inertia tuning e Once the clearance volume has been scavenged clean additional scavenging only goes to short circuiting Short circuiting is when fresh charge goes right through the chamber out the exhaust during overlap This is probably the case here at 8000 RPM Overlap VE was already high at 8000 with the stock engine
296. t cam TQ HP Baseline lal El k es ele Leto Tedd ele 2 a fruvien set scale Note the Torque large Horsepower orig paxton Torque Horsepower 50 4 L 4 n L 4 4 n 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 RPM torque increase at low RPM with the nitrous oxide injection kit 187 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 49 shows the large torque increase at low RPM that you expected Now graph the Paxton Nitrous Oxide test with the Medium Turbo test as shown in Figure 4 50 Figure 4 50 Paxton Nitrous Oxide vs Medium Turbo Engine Analyzer v3 0 302 4 i Format View Help HISTORY last cam TQ HP Baseline F Be eee eA eee paton with 75 ee nious HP Nitrous Horsepower Oxide kit 94 octane outperforms eae or the Medium Turbo at all RPMs until the Max Safe Pulley RPM limit is exceeded at 5500 RPM 50 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 RPM Figure 4 50 shows that even a relatively small A nitrous system does provide tremendous torque at Figure 4 51 Analysis Report Options low speeds a 175 ft lb increase at 2000 RPM Click Analysis Options on Back at the Graph screen of Figure 4 50 At the C Short Form Report Test Results screen click on Analyze in the menu bar to produce an Analysis Report Fill in the Desired HP Peak RPM Analysis Options menu as shown in Figure 4 51 then click o
297. t more fuel into the engine to produce more HP you must also get more air in so the fuel can burn completely From this information you can add something to the equation for the black box engine that HP does not depend on fuel flow but more importantly on air flow You will replace the Fuel Flow Rate with Air Flow Rate Air Fuel Ratio HP from Black Box Engine 4 ABR x C E F x Eff HP out AIF 2544 Where A F R Air Flow Rate lb hr A F Air Fuel Ratio Although it s easy to get extra fuel into the engine it is difficult to get more air oxygen into the engine The amount of oxygen the engine takes in for a given amount of time depends on The amount of air the engine can take into the cylinder s on one Intake Stroke The of intake strokes in the given amount of time The density of the air that enters the cylinder The amount of oxygen in the air which is always 21 unless you are using nitrous oxide or a fuel which contains oxygen like Alcohol The amount of air the engine can take in on one Intake Stroke depends on the number and the size of the cylinders This is the engine s displacement or CID cubic inch displacement The of intake strokes in a given amount of time is the engine s speed or RPM 2 RPM is divided by 2 because 4 cycle engines ingest air only once for each 2 revolutions The density of the air that enters the cylinder depends on many engine design characteristics for example intake syste
298. ta which appears in rows in the Engine Analyzer to appear in columns like columns of RPM Brk Tq etc Leave it unchecked and the data appears in rows much as in the program and on its printouts 125 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output SESSEEeyoxLLESESEEEIEEE E EEEI ESESSSS gt gt gt E _ _ File Name Enter the full path and file name to store the file If you enter no path the program will store the file in the Engine Analyzer directory folder 126 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output 3 3 G ra h S Check Appendix 5 and 6 for new features m added in std and Plus versions 3 2 and 3 4 Graphs are obtained by clicking on the Graph button or the Graph name in the menu bar as shown in Figure 3 1 Figure 3 6 shows a typical graph and a descriptions of some of the basic graph screen items Figure 3 6 Basic Graph Screen Items Command buttons perform action as pictured with 1 click of mouse Menu bar provides for several graph commands and options Commands to the right of the provide a short cut to commonly used commands Graph Title change by clicking on Format then Edit Titles Legend Short cut commands appear to the right of this bar Name of current Engine File Graph Legend Engine Analyzer v3 0 302 4 which describes the data graphed l
299. tain a graph like Figure 4 32 showing the Solid Roller Cam with the Hydraulic Cam the last test results Figure 4 32 also shows the optional vertical cursor bar which you can move left or right In the graph legend at the right the value of each graph line at the cursor bar is displayed This lets you pin point exact values on the graph for more exact comparisons of graph lines Figure 4 32 Solid Roller Cam vs Hydraulic Cam shown with Cursor Engs eae v3 0 302 47 Click here to Back File Format View Help display cursor A E BERAI ADE it EIEE Click here or i Torque 272 here to move Horsepower 155 cursor last results i Torque 2 Click here to turn off cursor Value of graphs at the cursor appear here Cursor bar X axis value at the cursor RPM in this case appears here 50 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 RPM 173 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Figure 4 33 Graph History Log Click on History to Engine Analyzer v3 0 382 4 display History Log Back File Format View Help history LAST cam TQ HP Baseline lee By ee Tees ei ele Vale teeta eas Click on a blank Engine Analyzer v3 0 Tq amp HP vs RPK current space in this ee column to mark e Yes for tests to last results Torgue graph Click on a Yes to remove it First test current test is always Test History graphed a These Tests raph Optig Cle
300. the intake stroke the volumetric efficiency is Vol Eff 0018 x 100 82 0022 During supercharging if the engine ingests 0030 Ibs each intake stroke the volumetric efficiency is calculated as Vol Eff 0030 x 100 136 0022 If 0030 Ibs enters the cylinder but 0003 Ibs goes straight through and ends up out the exhaust called short circuiting the Vol Eff is Vol Eff 0030 0003 x 100 123 0022 73 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Actual CFM Is the flow rate of fresh air into the engine measured in cubic feet per minute CFM This is measured at the entrance of the air cleaner or if no air cleaner is present the carburetor s or throttle body s Since this is called actual it is not corrected to standard conditions as in earlier Engine Analyzer programs Actual CFM should correlate more closely to actual dynamometer air flow measurements Fuel Flow lb hr Is the fuel flow delivered by the carburetor s or fuel injectors in lbs hr for either gas or alcohol If you are running Nitrous Oxide this does include the fuel for the nitrous oxide system even though this may come from a separate fuel delivery system For Gasoline the fuel is assumed to be similar to octane an expensive type of gasoline with an octane of 100 in density 5 86 lb gal heating value 19 000 BTU Ib and stoichiometric A F 14 7 Gasoline fuel flows are calculated based on an
301. the Graph screen See Figure 3 20 Graph Title Is the title which will appear in the graph legend for this test The program creates a simple title based on the Engine File Name and the time the test was run but you can click on this name and the program will ask you to enter a new name perhaps something like 34 in Headers This column is only visible in the History Log displayed in the Graph screen See Figure 3 20 The first time you type in a Test Title the Graph Title will be changed to the first 16 letters of the Test Title Save Click in this column to have a Yes inserted or removed All tests move toward the bottom of the log as new tests are run and eventually fall off the list However tests with a Yes move to the bottom but do not fall off the list and are saved on the list until you remove the Yes in this column Tip If you want to save a test but do not necessarily want it on the History Log click on it to retrieve it and the engine specs which produced it At the Main Screen make notes of what this test and engine are Then save it to the Engine Library Although the test results are not available for graphing you can open this engine file and recalculate the test results at any time in the future 144 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output Peak Tq Is the peak torque for this particular test and the RPM at which it occurs Incr Is the increase in Peak Tq for this test compare
302. the exhaust flowing out of the cylinder and the intake charge flowing into the cylinder e Letting the intake charge get a head start at filling the cylinder because the exhaust is sucking the intake charge into the cylinder before the piston has moved enough to suck the intake charge into the cylinder With high overlap camshafts and good resonance tuning on the intake side it is possible to completely scavenge the clearance volume of residual exhaust This provides for very high volumetric efficiencies and possibly short circuiting Short circuiting is when fresh intake charge passes directly through the clearance volume out the exhaust during overlap Obviously this wastes fuel but to produce optimum power that may not be important 221 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes pee ee eee eee As on the intake side exhaust resonance tuning will produce torque gains when a vacuum pulse arrives at the exhaust valve during overlap However a torque loss will be produced when a positive pulse arrives As runner velocities increase smaller pipe diameters the shape of the exhaust pulses change e The primary blowdown pulse gets wider and the arrival of the 1st vacuum pulse gets delayed e The amplitude height of the blowdown pulse gets higher and generally the suction of the Ist vacuum pulse gets stronger also Therefore the combination of pipe length and diameter are important to determine what pipe should be us
303. then Save engine or click on the Save to Engine Library button to bring up this Save menu Click here to save specs to New Engine name shown New name to save vehicle specs to Leave unchanged and click OK to save to the current vehicle name Click on name in box to and start typing to change it then click OK to save it to the new name Name of current vehicle file you are working with Engine Analyzer v3 0 Performance Trends 302 4V Click here to Tn fate HPA Preterefess Hep pring tip ee A El Save an Engine File E Manager sc 7 i window to Ne Engine Name 302 44 _ if gt Stoke 20159 cid access any disk drive or e 1 1 45 exhaust valves Chamber Volume 82 4 ccs directory Enter a New Engine N d click on OK Th t folder Net nter a New Engine Name and click on OK The curren engine name is given should you choose to modify it s ava ialbe in slightly for the new name Use the Delete key to erase Begin ner User the name if you want a completely new name P Mode 139 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output _ _ _ ___ xx_L___ EESS Ee To save a Engine File you will be presented with the Save Window as shown on the previous page The program suggests a new Engine name which is the same as the current Engine name shown at the top of the Main Screen If you want to save your changes to the same name simply cli
304. type ina new name for the test something that describes what this test was of something like Stock Cam Click on View then Show Special Calculations large for this screen Click and drag slide bar to view all results Certain Special Calculation results to note for this Example C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Click on Don t Show History at the top of the History Log screen to close it Then in the lower section of results called the Special Calculations take a look at some results In particular note Overlap Area Total Exh Int and Vlv Area in the Valve Flow and Cam Calculations section Dynamic Comp Ratio Est Idle Vac and Theo Crank Comprssn in the General Engine Calculations and Rec Inertial Len in the Starting Point Suggestions section See Figure 4 24 These have been tabulated in Table 4 2 a couple pages ahead and will be discussed shortly Run New Hydraulic Cam Now install 2 different camshafts and check performance Listed in Table 4 1 are the catalog specs for the stock cam and 2 cams you have been considering You will notice that many cam grinders do not give similar specifications Fortunately the program allows you to input specs in many different ways so the program can make comparisons of these cams very easy Table 4 1 Cam Specs from Catalog Catalog Specs Stock Hydraulic__ Solid ee a NE Profile Type Hyd Roller Hyd Roller S
305. ump systems where the crankcase is evacuated to a low crankcase pressure over 10 mercury vacuum Pistons Bearings Piston and bearing size and design have a large impact on internal engine friction Engine friction also robs power from appearing at the flywheel especially at high RPM Generally the smaller the bearings in width and diameter the smaller the piston skirt and the smaller and lower tension the piston rings the lower the friction However small skirts and bearings will likely have reduced durability and reliability The program makes no assessment of the safety or reliability of a particular combination This must be decided by an experienced engine builder and the part s manufacturers 17 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 18 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 2 3 Cylinder Head s The cylinder head specs affect intake and exhaust flow potential compression ratio and the combustion chamber See Appendix 5 and 6 for new features including new Plus version features Figure 2 7 Cylinder Head s Menu Valve Diameter in 1 78 Avg Port Diameter in Port Volume ccs Port Length in Flow Efficiency Chamber T ypical Wedge Compression Ratio cic Cyl Yol cu in Chamber ces 82 4 Exhaust Layout 1 valve amp 1 port Valve Diameter in 145 Flow Efficiency 46 0 teh gt nn Chek on the dow
306. ushrod V 8 90 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions 2 9 Calculation Menus Check Appendix 5 and 6 for new Calculation Menus added for versions 3 2 and 3 4 std and Plus The following section explains the user input for engine specs listed with Clc buttons These specs are ones where you can simply enter a value or click on the Cle button and the program will present a menu of inputs which will calculate that particular parameter or a list of typical examples These menus are like computer scratch pads for calculating specs like compression ratio runner diameters from other inputs Notes Figure 2 23 Typical Calculation Menu rformance Trends 302 4 Me are usually blanked out If there is other Calc Avg Diameter Intake a information in the program to estimate what SS one of you inputs will be it may be loaded Calc Avg Diameter For example Runner Length would be set to whatever value was currently in the Intake Specs Manifold specs menu However you are free to change this number to whatever you want Runner Length in The starting values in each calculation menu Know Runner CCs Runner Volume ccs Once enough specs have been entered the calculated value s at the top of the menu Hunne Width in will be displayed This calculated value s B will now be updated each time you change a Hennes Height in spec If you want to use this c
307. veral features have been added to make the process of picking example components calculating performance making comparison graphs faster Once an example has been selected on an input specification has been changed the lt F5 gt key lets you progress toward calculating performance and making a graph Then the lt Esc gt key backs you up to the same point as where you started This is explained in more detail below The program now remembers the point where you picked an example component so if you choose to pick another it will default to the last component chosen The Flow Efficiency of the ports can now be calculated from up to 3 flow lift points The calculation accuracy has been tweaked Most evident changes are e Low RPM torque is higher for some engine combos 231 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Se se e Spark knock simulation is improved for more realistic trade offs between knock octane and power loss from spark retard e The required spark advance for a particular engine has been improved e Revised the BSAC calculation to be more consistent with fuel flow not change so significantly with weather conditions as done in earlier v3 0 e Very Rich gas as fuel option to help to reduce detonation e On program shut down the program now asks if you want your changes saved to the Library Copy of the file you are working with e Several features have been added to the graphs
308. ward into the intake and exhaust temperatures when short circuited fresh charge burns in the exhaust The Overlap Area is given here to compare overlap areas between different cam profiles lash settings and cylinder head flow potential Check Idle Vacuum Hg in this section also to see how Overlap Area effects an important aspect of street engine performance Total Avg Flow Coef This is the average flow coefficient for the port valve and runner for the time the valve is open It shows how well the port flows compared to a perfectly designed port with a perfect cam profile A perfect profile is defined as one where the valve opens immediately to a lift which gives maximum valve flow stays open the entire duration and immediately snaps shut at closing Figure 2 20 compares the actual flow curve with the theoretically perfect flow curves to illustrate Avg Flow Coef Coefficient is an engineering term similar to efficiency where a Flow Coefficient of 1 0 is the same as a Flow Efficiency of 100 Flow Efficiency Flow Coefficient x 100 The Total Avg Flow Coef will compare head and camshaft combinations An engine with a Total Avg Flow Coef of 1 0 is physically impossible to build but would run real strong In reality the Total Avg Flow Coef will be approximately 25 for production engines 30 to 40 for race 2 valve engines and up to 50 or more for high RPM 4 valve race engines with very agressive roller cams Note
309. wave is reflected several times between intake strokes Therefore at some RPMs positive intake tuning occurs and negative tuning occurs at other RPMs Resonance tuning is responsible for the wiggle seen in torque curves for engines with high valve overlap For engines with low overlap resonant tuning has much less effect Also each time this wave is reflected it looses some strength so at lower RPMs or for shorter runner lengths resonance tuning is negligible The Engine Analyzer detailed tuning simulations will show these gains or losses in volumetric efficiency and performance for resonance tuning Exhaust Resonance Tuning Things are much more violent in the exhaust runner due to the sudden rush of high pressure exhaust out the exhaust valve when it first opens In fact most of the exhaust is expelled during this first rush called blow down That leaves relatively little for the piston to push out during the exhaust stroke Due to this violent blow down exhaust tuning is not significantly affected by the previous cycle as in intake resonance tuning Exhaust resonance tuning is caused by the reflections of the blow down pulse in the exhaust runner while the exhaust valve is open If one of the negative vacuum pulses arrives at the exhaust valve during overlap it benefits performance by e Clearing out the cylinder of any residual exhaust to reduce contamination of the fresh incoming intake charge e Preventing reversion by keeping
310. were calculated for 6200 for the last results the program interpolates and displays the value 3500 4000 4500 6000 6500 RPM A Preference lets you choose to Graph now fills your computer Not have a new graph always screen for most any screen Autoscaled must be in resolution Experienced user mode For Valve Lift graphs the cursor location now includes location before or after TDC or BDC Deg 340 20 BTDC 236 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Figure A6 List Vehicle Files by Date Last Changed in Open File Screen Note longer more descriptive file names Open an Engine File 6 Ex Engines in Library Chosen File W 1629 cc Turbo Drag 4 7 2003 Stock Ford European 2 0L ee 4 7 2003 Porsche 944 2 5L Preview TAOS Vv ta eT Bore 3 543 Int Valve 1 575 a Stroke 2519 Exh Valve 1 397 4 2 2003 1986 Suzuki GSX R 1100 a na ae 296 1629 ce Air Cooled VW 4 cylinder DRAG RACE ENGINE CAM IS A NOVAK GK 304 deg x 400 LIFT HEADS ARE PAUTER W 40 35 5mm VALVES CARB40 WEBER SIDE DRAFT CR IS 8 0 C List Alphabetically Show Only Files which Show AlFiles z List by Date Last Changed most recent first contain this phrase Show ANNES Delete Cancel Help Advanced You can display files which only have certain words in the name like Chev or Import New Option to List Files by Date Last Changed which lists the files vou most recently worked with fir
311. xample are displayed in blue or hidden completely if you are in Beginner mode Should you decide to change any of the Example s specs from Manifold Type to Intake Heat shown here the name of the Example will be changed to simply Use Specs Below Intake System Carburetor s Lee CFM Rating eid Vacuum Secondaries yes Help p 4 Press lt Enter gt now or Click on this button to bring up a series of screens showing example specs for certai cic components highly recommended for beginner users Prod full Heat Click on the Get Example button or on the Type combo box and select Pick an Example to bring up a list of example specs Click here to save the current specs as an Example with a name of your choosing Not available if the current specs are already an Example 115 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions At the top of most component sections of the Engine Analyzer s menus you will find a description of the Type of component used In Figure 2 44 the component section is the Manifold Specs in the Intake Specs menu This combo box can contain several choices e Typical Manifold Types Figure 2 45 Categories of Example s Use Specs Below Components This screen does not e Pick An Example appear for all component examples e Ex SB Ford Torquer II or some other name Choose Example Component z of a speci
312. xample SB Chevy Stock Viv Dia 2 viv Dia 1 5 5 Example SB Ford SF 110 w Port Velocity CFM 253 9 7 CFM 225 1 7 EZ Flow Example 10 18 pm 05 13 2004 Harley Davidson SPRTSMAN II Typical Harley Davidson test on SF 1020 with Port Typical SF1020 Velocity S List All Files by File Name Find the file then click on List by File Name include Head C List by Head include File B the Open button for the screen below Cancel Help Port Flow Analyzer File Options ee Check the options you want choose indide Hand Comments which Port or Average all ports Include Head Together and click on the Copy PFA _ Include Customer Name Specs to This Head File button Erase Existing Comments Which Port Average together all ports for Head X Other Head Specs Blank Out Select this option and the specs not included with the Port Flow Analyzer file will be blanked out These Head Specs not available Compression Ratio and Chamber Design Copy PFA Specs to This Head File Cancel IMPORTANT If you click on the Copy button specs from the Engine Analyzer s File C VB98 projects6 EA30 ENGDAT 41987 Ford Mustang 5 0L 302 EFI Stock will be overwritten by these new specs and flow data 244 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Figure A 13 Variable Valve Timing V V T Specs Plus Version Only Choose Yes and then Cam Valve Train you can click on the General Cam Specs Notes
313. xes Figure A 24 New Preferences ang 5 0 This section Program Title Comments is available only in the Plus version and lets 9 you specify 2 lines of g Graph text and some graphics file typically a company logo to Fist appear at the top of Second itl e Can and graphs Tip Enter text company name phone etc which will appear at top of printouts Use Logo File No v Browse C My Documents My Pictures Pti TM Color 2 bmp Lc Help Tips Graph Labels Font default font v Dot Matrix Graph Printer No v Printer Fonts Arial Fot Printed Graph Width of Page 100 7 Always Autoscale a New Graph Yes v Program Title Comments Printing Special Calculations Font Preference Courier Font Size Standard Size x Set Graph Colors New buttons to turn Off or turn On all intro help tips 255 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes 256 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Ist Stage HP Rating 67 Ist Stage Starting RPM 67 2nd Stage Added HP 67 2nd Stage Starting RPM 67 A F 36 66 67 68 74 75 80 209 210 213 214 216 226 227 229 A F Mix Qal 68 75 229 A F Mixture Quality 36 75 210 Accessories 2 17 155 227 230 Accuracy 5 1 2 3 22 35 41 70 80 88 90 92 96 105 106 108 109 119 195 197 207 208 209 228 231 Actual CFM 74 181 188 225 226 227 229 Adobe Acrobat 231 241 Alcoh
314. y Section 2 9 5 Flow Data Head Only Test Pressure Water Valves Cylinder pot i Valve Diameter in 1 780 The number of intake or exhaust valves being Valve Lift Tested in z flowed during the test Most cylinder heads have only 1 intake and 1 exhaust valve so this Flow wo Runner CFM 190 value would be 1 This number is set to whatever is currently in the Valves Ports spec a F in the Head s menu for this port If this is not Fon Data ett nna correct for the flow test you must change this in Runner Diameter in is the Head s menu before using this calculation Flow with 1 Runner CFM menu You can not change this number in this menu Notes Enter flow data for1 1 780 diameter Intake valve at a valve lift from 400 to 500 Valve Dia For Flow with Runner enter flow obtained at the same lift with the 1 runner attached to head Identifies the outside largest diameter of the head of the valve s in inches This number is set to whatever is currently in the Valve Diameter spec in the Head s menu for this port If this is not correct for the flow test you must change this in the Head s menu before using this calculation menu You can not change this number in this menu Valve Lift Tested in Is the valve lift at which the flow data CFM is measured Use a valve lift and corresponding CFM flow as close as practical to one fourth the valve head s diameter A range of lifts c
315. y HEM at Peak Elly cooling turbocharged air back to ambient air Biar Gate Pufes RPM temperature p 55 BoR fario ze iniarcooes ki 6 0 No Intercooler Also the turbo supplier recommends a waste gate to limit boost to 10 PSI of boost so enter 10 for Wastegate Limit PSI The Turbocharger specs should now look like those in Figure 4 38 Calculate performance and review the Test Results e This turbocharger provides a huge increase in torque especially at low RPM e Spark is retarded from optimum spark timing what the engine wants to run to as low as 5 degrees at some RPMs to avoid detonation This is indicated by the for various Spark Adv numbers and by the Spark Knock warning in the Notes section e Boost PSI jumps up to 10 0 at 2000 RPM and stays there This is due to the wastegate limiting boost to the Wastegate Limit of 10 PSI you specified For non supercharged engines this row of data called Boost is called Int Vacuum e Exh Pres is much higher than stock increasing from 3 0 to 29 2 PSI This increased Exh Pres is where the turbo gets its power to compress the fresh air charge 180 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples T e Actual CFM air flow has increased from 410 to 525 CFM at 6000 RPM The stock 600 CFM carb should still be adequate for flow It will likely have to be rejetted especially if this is a blow through system e Fuel Flow has increased from 142 Ibs hr to 182 at 6000
316. you calculate what Bore is required to produce a certain Cubic Inch displacement for a given Stroke and Cylinders See introduction to Calculation Menus on page 91 for understanding how Calculation Menus work Desired Cubic Inches Is the cubic inch displacement you want for this engine combination Stroke inches Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Figure 2 24 Calc Bore Calc Cylinder Bore Calc Cylinder Bore Engine Data Desired Cubic Inches Stroke inches Cylinders Notes This calculation will find a bore diameter which produces the desired Cubic Inches based on the current Stroke and Cylinders Is the Stroke for this engine Stroke is the distance the piston travels from TDC to BDC Cylinders Is the number of cylinders in this engine For example for a V 8 this would be 8 2 9 2 Calc Stroke This calculation is available at the Short Block menu and lets you calculate what Stroke is required to produce a certain Cubic Inch displacement for a given Stroke and Cylinders See introduction to Calculation Menus on page 91 for understanding how Calculation Menus work Figure 2 25 Calc Stroke Calc Cylinder Stroke Calc Cylinder Stroke Engine Data Desired Cubic Inches Cylinders Notes This calculation will find a Stroke which produces the desired Cubic Inches based on the current Bore and Cylinders C Performance Trends Inc 1998
317. ype Use Specs Below Type Roots Supercharger Design Street Roots w Average Seals v olume Revolution cu in Belt Ratio Intercooler Eff ho Now you can pick an Intercooler for a Roots Supercharger Running Conditions Test Conditions Fuel Specs Weather SAE Conds 77 deg 29 6 Type Gasoline Plus Version has fe er E85 Fuel Options a Auto Diesel prod rich w lo smoke 4 ied RPMs t Diesel race rich w high soke Diesel rich hi smoke rac ete Starting Eg5 85 ethanol 15 Coolant Temp deg F RPM Increment DDM Drai nane NNN IRNAN INN cron Std and Plus versions both display the Test Conditions Fuel Specs approximate A F Weather SAE Conds 77 dea 29 6 gt Type G and Effective ps Octane the program zzz Approx A F 8 2 Effective Octane 102 will use For some fuels the program 49 ci RPMs to Run 7 c Starting RPM picks the Octane j like for E85 Alcohol methanol etc Running Conditions 251 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Appendixes Figure A 21 New Features for Writing ASCII Data Files A Engine Analyzer Plus v3 4 Performance Trends CA gt Back Graph Print View SendToVehProgram M20 malyze Hel Notes Notes Summary A F mixture Ver Cmnts Notes for details RPM 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Brake Tq 180 198 210 219 241 252 Reaka HP RaR aa2 120 W
318. ype of fuel e RPMs to run and options for the calculations Check Appendix 6 for new features for this menu available in v3 4 standard and Plus versions Figure 2 17 Running Conditions Menu Calculate Performance Conditions l Test Conditions l Fuel Specs Weather Use Conds Below Fuel Type Gasoline Baro Pres Hg Fuel Octane R M j 2 87 Intake Air Temp deg F iii EELE C RPMs to Run s tarting RPM Number of RPMs RPM Increment RPM Preview 3000 3500 4000 7500 Dew Point deg F Elevation feet Coolant Temp deg F l Nitrous Oxide Specs System Type i st Stage HP Rating 1st Stage Starting RPM lene Stage Added HP l Starting Point Suggestions For Peak HP at this RPM ie For This Intake Runner Len C Help Enter a length of the intake port and runner in the Head and Intake Manifold you are stuck with The program will estimate an average port and runner diameter which should work well with this length intake runner for this RPM p 48 Calculate Performance ane Siage Stasine HP RM diii C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 2 Definitions Test Conditions Weather This combo box lets you pick whether you want the test results corrected to standard dyno conditions or to the weather conditions listed in this section Standard conditions consist of e Sta
319. ypical Prod Shorty Headers Then pick an Example Exhaust System by clicking on the Type button then pick the Example Category of Street Exhaust Systems then pick the Example of Typical Prod HiPerf 4 cyl Exh Like the Intake System when you are returned to the Exhaust System menu all specs have now been hidden except the Manifold Type and Exhaust System Type Click on the OK button to close the Exhaust System menu and return to the Main Screen 158 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 4 Examples Cam Valve Train Click on Cam Valve Train to open the Cam Valve Train menu Like the other menus click on Type at the top or the Get Example button to open up the Categories of Cam Valve Train Examples Pick the Typical Cams Category and then pick the Typical Stock OHC example because you do know that the engine is overhead cam OHC Like the other menus when you are returned to the Cam Valve Train menu most all specs have now been hidden Click on the OK button to close the Cam Valve Train menu and return to the Main Screen Supercharger The 2 0L is not supercharged and the Engine Summary at the Main Screen shows that currently there is No Turbo or Supercharger installed If you wanted you could click on Supercharger button and confirm that the Type is set to No Turbo or Supercharger Running Conditions Click on the Running Conditions button and you will now be shown the
320. ys You can click on View in the menu bar then Specify Scales axes or click on the Set Scales button the right most button on the screen See Figure 3 12 z Specify Graph Axes The current scale limits are loaded when this menu opens Change Maximum Y Value vertical axis on left any or all these to most Graph Axes Specs Minimum Y Value vertical axis on left any value you want Maximum X Yalue horizontal axis on bottom Minimum X Yalue horizontal axis on bottom Click on OK to have the Tip This menu is useful for specifying e Graph scales K amp Y axis so they graph red rawn to these match the scales of another gefh This menu can also be used to new scale limits Zoom In or Out or shift tbeGraph up down left or right Format Options Click on the Format menu item to be presented with several options which will be briefly discussed here Line Style Figure 3 14 Format Options Click on Line Style to change the thickness of the graph lines Back File ee ll Grid Style Click on Grid Style to change or omit the drawing of grid lines on the graph 134 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output _ er SSS MM Back Color Click on Back Color to change the background color of the graph from white black or gray Axes Click on Axes to either add or remove labels like TDC and
321. yzer provides several ways to view and output the test results including Tabular calculated Test Results displayed on the screen Check Section 2 7 for definitions Analysis Report giving tips warning of safety issues etc High resolution graphs Printer output of reports or graphs Engine Library for recording sets of Engine specs for later use History Log Send Power Curve to another program Check Appendix 5 and 6 for new features added in std and Plus versions 3 2 and 3 4 Figure 3 1 Output Options from Test Results Screen Menu Bar showing names of options Engine File Name Engine Analyzer v3 0 Performance Trends 302 4V Pe Back raph Print View O File Analyze Melp F1 PkTq Avg PkHP Avg r 191 2 e Click on 45 3 330 210 and slide slide bar 196 223 button to 1 7 2 4 display all e aJ r Test 85 4 858 3 Result 301 363 esults 104 126 100 0 100 0 100 0 511 6 5 7 5 f z 6 751RPM Data 694 258 Click on 31 96 and slide 326 408 489 i slide bar 1500 1875 2250 button to 490 766 1103 z 1 0 0 i i i i display all 176 221 265 Special Calcula tions Total Exh Int Lobe Separation deg Lobe Centerlins deg 116 6 114 6 Performance Summary Notes Summary and Notes button giving performance tips Command Option Buttons 121 C Performance Trends Inc 1998 Engine Analyzer Chapter 3 Output Figure 3 2 Additional Output Options Click here or here to graph these results

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