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1. Condition Geometry Time Tupe Lorrecton hadiation Mame T4 Radiate COTULC E OT OT ab Mew Type value Update Radiation Yaluez Stefan B olteman f3 S02083e 015 Ernussivity 0 03 Ambient Temp fen U Absolute Temp 459 67 ENED test EdgeEdges_4 001 1 T4Hadiate COTOC EQT OT ab 7 Prev Ed Fig 4 14 The Thermal Convection Radiation Page The convective radiative heat transfer is computed from the equation kV T g pC T vVT h T Tc es T Tr Where k is the conductivity g is the heat generation in the domain pis the mass density v is the convective velocity h is the convective heat transfer coefficient Tc is the convective ambient temperature s is the Stefan Boltzman constant e is the emissivity coefficient Tris the radiative ambient temperature relative to Kelvin absolute zero temperature The Model gt Condition gt Convection Radiation gt Name This name is the same as the one have been created in the condition Type page lt is displayed here for information purpose The Model gt Condition gt Convection Radiation gt New Type Value This will create a new Type Name and save the current data entered this page into the condition new Type Name condition set This is a quick way of creating a new Type Name if the user has not created a new Type Name in the previous Type page The Model gt Condition gt Convection Radiation gt Update 56 AMPView This will save the entered data and updates
2. Enter General anisotropic material s Young s modulus Poisson s ratio and the shear modulus in the material axes a b and c directions Note that even if you are analyzing a 2D or shell material all 3 directions material data must be entered since they are necessary for the material property transformation calculations The entered material property must follow the following constitutive equations O CE E where O Oza Ow Oco Tab Too Tea and E Esa Evo Eco Yaa Yaa Yaa are the engineering stress and strain tensors The Poisson s ratio is defined as Vij g EI as interpreted as the strain reduction in the J direction subjected to the uniaxial stress test in the I direction And the constitutive matrix C is entered as 32 AMPView 1 Vba e Vea 0 0 0 Ea Eb E Vab EN Vcb 0 0 0 Ea Eb E Vac B Vbc ES 0 0 0 Di Ea Eb E 0 0 0 ES 0 0 Gab U U U 0 Gbc l Ge a Note that the coefficient of these material constants must satisfy Vab Ea Vba Eb Vca Ec Vac Ea and Vcb Ec Vbc Eb Further more Vba lt sqrt Eb Ea Vca lt sqrt Ec Ea and Vcb lt sqrt Ec Eb For shell problem since the local material axes a and b are always parallel to the shell mid plane curvilinear surface and the c axis is always the normal direction it is common to use the shear shape factor reduction by applying Gbc Gbc 1 2 and Gca Gca 1 2 Model gt Define gt Thermal Fluid gt Setting gt Thermal C
3. AMPView User Reference Manual Version 3 2 February 2006 Copyright AMPS Technologies Company 2003 2006 Table of Contents A A II A TTT 1 A A O O II III A A TTT 1 Big o ele 10 y PP o Oe er ence Sec eee epee ee ene TE eae ee ee er er eee ere 1 A O 3 MS Fl SM do te Stee a ondo 3 Analyze Model as 3 Read AMPSOl RE e de e E 4 System otorga le tt o e e nd O o 4 SO CON MU kde htcue an aa er AI ta see A a adn aa A a ties oa a dete aiace sed ats 5 The Selection Met crete Sen A A Se ie ues SO A A A ae dacs 5 Selection Geomettic FE Select A A e 5 A A a asetewshane E E obooaecnseects 7 Selecion GEOMCU Y EMI sez re cecesn ct csi nd cir 7 Geometric Entities conversion to FE geometry sse eee eee eee ee eee eee eee 8 Anaita COME css no II IO 8 Iien LINE tara SO 8 ETT T S eT 9 o Pi rere ME re ee ee ee ere eee een eee 10 o CO et et a ee ete ee ee ee H eee 10 MS Model TTT 10 Model Sy Stern Men eae eee ee i Rd a cast 10 The Model System Controls MENU isi ose T 10 The Model System Solution Iteration Control ccccccsscccccesesseseeeceeececccsccccassseseeececcencessccecsassesesenseesececeenscccacssecenseneees 14 Tike Medel Sy Stem nenia Eile CS cece aces td cd 16 The Model System Reference Frame Controls eee eee eee 17 The Model System Adaptive Controls add seubid santaane auues maluicuinciuaaniatieda nenandiendemmuaundenueraenbienccaeatones 19 The Model System Unit Scaling Controls ricardo ia 21 Time Step Dependent Data Co
4. Reset All HAG Automatic Based on Lreep Strain Equal SubSteps Auto blas SubStepsE qual SubSteps 500 Max Iterations per SubStep 20 Creep Strain Time Step Integration Control 0 5 Error Tolerance for for Stress 0 001 Strain 0 05 i Follow ORNL NE F9 57 Guidelines ORNL3 Creep Strain Integartion Control per Time Step Model gt Define gt Stress gt Setting gt c1 c2 c3 These are the uni axial creep law constant to control the creep strain calculation The constant c2 is the power constant applied to the effective uniaxial stress and c3 is the power constant for the time dependent effect The c1 constant controls the total scaling If these constants are also dependent on the system run time variables then additional Nonlinear Multiplier Index can be assigned to each constant Note only non zero multiplier index indicates the need for scaling and the corresponding index must be entered in the Define property sheet Model gt Define gt Stress gt Setting gt Creep Strain Integration Control per Time Step Automatic Based on Creep Starain Equal SubSteps Sometimes the creep behavior is very nonlinear especially when the stress or time dependency power constant are greater than one In the conversion of the multi axial stress state into the effective stress and the effective strain in order to compute the effective time the process may not converge due to the inelastic behavior As such sub stepping must be used The automat
5. The Model Condition Surface Contact Condition sss sese ee eee 57 The Model Condition Tie Glue e enle Te A Cede eee ee es 59 Fe ConsiraintC Equation A a aes tele e aetna ee mens 60 User Defined Load Flux RHS LAS Condition sss esse sexes eee eee 62 Te Oversee CONGIION as di edad ar 63 Model Mate rial Library Operation A A A A ae ee 64 The Model Define Material Library Menu eee eee eee 64 A aa a a a e a a Metebaenes 65 UNS SFE SUIS MEW Rd lla 65 Contour DIS Pl Vicstias A S as 65 Result CGONtouUr CONTOS TTT 65 Snell STT EE eae 67 Bean Rod CONO Uca AAA A AA A 68 bY e104 0 gal B fs os id ono io oa 69 A ISLAY TTT 69 Vector Display DV COMPOMENE olaaa 70 A A eo 70 The Results Deformation Display MEL AS A A IOS 70 STOUT ALONE OU rd dardo 70 Uer RESONI ciate sce ssa a a at nce acta cae awa ob Ia dng asin at usa vara cleans shed vat anak Iu de ne saa sae usa oedema oainad 72 User TRO SUIS tdi iii 72 Customized USer Result Type aia aid 72 Normal one ar stress by ONEC HON ito aci diario ipod ceroaiedd 74 Deleting Generated User E A A A RA ene his 74 TUE we cata ae ae waists etc a ey saa a eae Cale can Ua ny ga ad a aac gaa eee ee pete a atone eens 74 PE INGUIFEF DY NOE A iene aie aed A SA a ain 74 PE INGQUIFG DEl Metas ts sd 75 Maurer TIM A A A ce tamer 76 FEAS Dl A A A Said 76 Foie El Ma e td e anes cede eis 77 PE GROUP E UT 77 Create Modi Ngure v ee sessions tato pStnccwsamisuecdedsasavecdeastantohaciabaseunesrtadeetceevetatchasd
6. This will bring up a menu to inform the user of the current node point display size Depending on the graphic hardware this is usually the pixel size The user can change it to larger or smaller to ease the visibility To reset to the default setting enter zero size Options gt Text gt Side Line Size This will bring up a menu to inform the user of the side line display weight The default weight is one The user can increase or decrease it to ease the visibility To reset to the default setting enter zero weight or one Option Text Options gt Text This allows the user to insert an annotation text into the scene and control the type of text to be displayed Options Window Help es m 0i x Insert Text Notation Display Axis Wisibiliby Render Mode K H H Color K Transforms K Fig 8 4 The options text transform menu Options gt Text gt Insert Text Notation This allows the insertion of a string of text with pointing line to annotate the model for additional clarity or presentation purpose After activate this icon click on the part of the object where the root of the pointing line should be then click a 2 time to indicate the text location A pointing line will be immediately inserted to the scene Finally finish this operation by typing a string of text to be inserted at the end of the pointing line Options gt Text gt Transforms gt off Character Position On The inserted text string ca
7. nE co SurfEle_1 0 011 Cl HPressure P 0 9 Eel Next Fig 4 16 The Condition Time Page Model gt Condition gt Time gt Time Name This name is generated automatically by the New button The user can also enter a Custom Name to better indicate the Time condition name It is also used as a pull down list to select one from the existing available selections if any The Model gt Condition gt Time gt Custom Name This is an optional name that the user can enter to specify a meaningful name to a Time data set The Model gt Condition gt Time gt New This will create a new Time Name based on the current time definitions entered Model gt Condition gt Time gt Update save delete This button updates and save the time data associated with the Time Name The delete button will delete the current Time Name and all associated data Model gt Condition gt Time gt Initial Boundary Condition This options specifies the boundary condition is only for the initial condition only and will not be applied in the subsequence analysis steps This is usually used to specify the initial deformation temperature velocity or other nodal based variables initial values Model gt Condition gt Time gt Time Load Factors The index is associated with a time range and a load scaling factor at the start and one at the end The load factor is interpolated in between The user may optionally specify any intermediate breakpoints 45 AMPView Reference M
8. This calculates the thermal harmonic modes of temperature patterns The generalized eigen problem is Kc AMt 0 where Kc is the system conductivity matrix and Mt is the consistent thermal mass matrix formed by scaling the consistent thermal mass matrix by the thermal heat Capacity Euler Instability Buckling This calculates the linear Euler buckling modes of the system The generalized eigen problem is K AKs 0 where K is the system stiffness and Ks is the stress stiffness matrix Linearized Instability Buckling with Geometric Stiffness This is a linearized predicting of the nonlinear buckling load calculation The initial geometric stiffness Kg is computed based on the given loading then the generalized eigen problem of K Kg A Ks Ks 0 is solved Ks is the 2 order stress stiffness matrix based on the geometric deformation In Situ Eigen Analysis After either a successful static or dynamic analysis the user can specify to perform either a modal or an instability buckling analysis in the same analysis Although it is possible to restart the problem and then specify an eigen analysis this is a convenient method of performing in situ eigen analysis In such way the in situ stiffness and mass matrices or the stiffness and the stress stiffness matrices represent the state at the end of the analysis and the eigen solution give the in situ prediction of the eigen problem For the in situ modal analysis the generalized ei
9. net RHS at the end of the analysis In stress problem these are the total net forces on the nodes and for diffusive heat transfer problem the net flux flow at the node For node without any boundary condition the value should be close the error tolerance as specified and normally is very near zero For the nodes with the boundary condition this reflects the net RHS value of the boundary node or reaction from the boundary condition If the check box Automatic from result is specified the contour range will be automatically selected based on the specified result type Otherwise select the desired minimum and the maximum range to be color contoured Model Result gt Contour Display gt Contour Elements Within Range Only In situation that only a certain range of contour values are of interest the user can check Contour Element Within Range Only and the contour shading will show only on the elements that contains nodal results that are within the range Those out of range will be hidden To show all elements again please use the Finite Element FEGroup Display UnHideAll option to reset the hidden elements since they are internally temporarily marked as hidden element without any contour When examining shell element s result all properties show are referring to the shell s mid plane result or can be considered as approximately the average of the result across the shell s depth To examine the shell elements top or bottom surface s
10. y z components note that additional items may be available based on different version of AMPSol processor Displacement Temperature Velocity Reactions RHS summation Stress Strain Von Mises Equivalent Stress Tresca Equivalent Stress Principal Stresses Equivalent Plastic Strains Thermal Flux Yield function Error Norm Nodal balance disp temp velx vely velz sum sig eps sig equiv Tresca SigMax SigMin Sigint eps plastic tflux yield_func error_norm sumX sumY sumZ Note that disp vel sum tflux are in the vector component format x y z sig eps are in tensor format and the rest are in scalar format Specifically sig_equiv V 3 2 vor where 0 is the deviatoric stress SigMax Sigint SigMin these are the principal stresses They are arranged in their value such that SigMix gt SigInt gt SigMin in value format not in magnitude format Tresca SigMax Sigmin eps_plastic is computed from the time step integral of de V 2 3 de deiP yield_func is the difference of the material yield criterion to the yield stress e g in Von Mises yleld_func sig_equiv Oy error_norm this is an error distribution square root of sum of squares of energy error based on a energy theory by comparing the finite element result to a estimated theoretical solution based on the equivalent energy theory 66 AMPView sumx symy symz these are the results from the equilibrium check They represent the total
11. Condition gt Directional Values gt Displacement Rotation Velocity Vorticity Voltage Temperature Point Force Rotational Load Current Charge Global Pressure Normal Pressure Heat Flux Source Current Charge Density Nodal Stiffness Mass Damping Surface Charge These are the list of possible items need to be entered pending on the type of condition Type page These fields will only show up for user data input and pending on the problem dimension size the data length could vary For data requiring angle measurement they must be in radian unit The rotational DOF s either rotational deformation or applied moment can 54 AMPView only apply to model with shell or beam continuum element with such degree of freedom Due to the expanded usage of the code there are possible new items will appear as the analysis capability of the program expands Model gt Condition gt Directional Value gt Shell Pressure Source Position This option is specifically for normal pressure or flux boundary conditions that involve shell element or for the 3D line pressure flux when a unique normal direction can not be identified without user specification This locator is a point located at the pressure flux side of the shell line so the pressure flux integrator can determine the normal orientation from the locator position The positive pressure flux is interpreted as direction pointing away from the locator position like a ray For the 3D line the computed nor
12. Inquire Element This menu allows the user to create modify delete inquire the element also informs the user of the maximum node number used so far To create change the element enter the node number of the element Sometimes when the mouse function is switched into other function it is necessary to Activate Inquirer to attach the mouse function back to this dialog control When creating modifying the nodes the user can enter the node numbers desired or use the node selection mouse function to selected the nodes in the sequence forming the connectivity of the element and click the Fill node from selection button FE Elem Create Modify Add Element UpdateModify Element Activate a Max Element Number 27 U Elem Number Elem Type Material Indes esa hexa 9 o Connectivity Nodes Fill nodes from selection ao 446 404 449 402 447 405 450 Inquire Element Delete this elem Delete Selected Elements Coat Shell Elem on the Selected Elem Faces This menu allows the user to create the 3D shell element on the solid elements face Using this option the shell element is created on the pre selected solid element face and will share the same nodes with the underneath solid element to ensure tight continuity in the constitutive 19 AMPView Reference Manual behavior The user has the choices of changing the shell elements starting number and the material property group also the geometric association of the FACEELEM
13. Physics The grayed check boxes are due to either unavailable license or unreleased options If the electro field is activated it is necessary to specify whether the analysis is based on a conductive potential current analysis or a dielectric potential electric field Intensity analysis Model gt System gt Controls gt Solution Controls The user is allowed to select from one of the options in this sub menu Static Steady state This specifies a static or a steady state solution is desired Transient Dynamic Response This specifies an analysis by step by step integration in time AMPView Reference Manual Followings are the available eigen analysis types Free Vibrations Modal Analysis This performs a standard modal analysis to extract the desired modes of vibrations The generalized eigen problem is K AM 0 where K is the system stiffness and M is the consistent mass matrices The natural frequency is computed from solution sart A and will be recorded in the solution file with filename extension eig Modal Vibrations Analysis with Stress Stiffening This performs a standard modal analysis to extract the desired modes of vibrations Before the modal analysis a static analysis is performed and the stress stiffening effect is included for the modal analysis The generalized eigen problem is K Ks AM 0 where Ks is the additional stress stiffness matrix computed during the initial static analysis Thermal Harmonic Modal
14. TF Show Only Mat ID Select Mat ID Show Selection FE Grouping IZ Continuum Stress Thermal Heat Transfer a Fluid Flow C R peu Planar Planes tress Shell Thickness fi Initiate Material Data from Library MatlD Name 1 user w Previous ext telat i Apply Fig 4 6 The Model gt Define gt Element Properties page When a material is assigned to a selected geometry region the region changes its color to indicate that there is a material property assigned to the elements associated with the geometry At the bottom of this Define Sheet there is a Mat ID Name pull down list for convenient direct access to the already defined material properties with the associated material region color There are also Previous and Next Mat ID buttons to quickly navigate through different material indexes 23 AMPView Reference Manual When a geometry region has no material association a grey color is assigned to the geometry to indicate that it needs to be defined The region with material properties already defined will show up with color matching the current Mat ID to easy identification Model gt Define gt Element Properties gt Material Index Mat ID This index is the number assigned to the material defined under Element Behavior This index is assigned when the user use the New Mat ID with Selected Geometry button or can be changed by directly entering an index number or by pull down the dropdown list if
15. a circular section it is 0 5719 r and the Moment of Inertia for such section is 02 5 3Cr where r is the radius For a general section property an elasticity textbook or AISC Design Handbook is useful in finding the section properties Please also note that that the user defined section properties can be used in the large deformation rotation analysis but can not be used in the elasto plastic analysis since the exact integration point plastic strain history can not be tracked in the such a section where geometry shape is unknown If plasticity is expected in the beam section only the sections of know shapes shape can be used An exception is the rod element since the cross section is either tensile or compressive so the plastic state of user defined input section can also be used in plasticity Model gt Define gt Beam Rod Section Property gt Sectional Property Orientation The beam rod local uses local axes a b and c sometimes are also referred to as the local axes 1 2 3 in some output nomenclature system to identify the orientation of the section The a axis direction is along the beam road axial direction The user enters the local b axis direction through the local b vector component An additional b axis vector specification is used is the b axis vector specified happens to be coincident with the beam rod member axis Model gt Define gt Beam Rod Section Property gt Member Loading Other than the regular boundary condition control th
16. as data from AutoCad metafile In such case the coloring can be either by value or by an index mapping Option Color Options gt Color This allows the user to change the screen background color and the highlight color used in the selection operation Options Window Help e Display Axis SEE a Element visibility Render Mode Text w Material Color r Fr F F METIO daan Size K BackGround Bottom Tool Bar H HighLight BC Display Pefault Options gt Color gt Material Color When selected the model will be color coded to represent different material property assignment Options gt Color gt Background When selected a color menu will pop up to allow background color selection Options gt Color gt Background Bottom When selected a color menu will pop up to allow the optional bottom background color selection Options gt Color gt Highlight When selected a color menu will pop to allow the selection of the color to be used in selection highlight Options gt Color gt BC Display When selected a color menu will pop to allow the selection of the color to be used in display Boundary Condition Geometry highlight Option Size Options gt Size This allows the user to change the default node or element side display size for visibility convenience 86 AMPView Display Axis Element Visibility Render Mode Text Color Mode Point Size Tool Bar Side Line Size Options gt Text gt Node Point Size
17. at the direction that of interest in interpreting the result The default result names generated are NormalStress and ShearStress The normal stress direction is computed on the specified Normal Direction and the shear stress is computed on the Shear Direction as entered Before the normal and shear stresses are computed both direction vectors are first normalized and the Shear Direction vector is adjusted to make sure it is perpendicular to the normal direction The user can examine this normalization process by clicking the Normalized and check direction vector to see the new direction vectors to be used in the calculations After the direction vectors are entered clicking the Compute Stresses button will start the generation of these two additional stress results to be used in contouring or inquiry Deleting Generated User Result User Generated Results Deletion Fa Please select the user generated result to delete gt NomalStress This menu allows the user to delete the user generated results after they are no longer needed This is meant to conserve the limited user result slots initially allocated by the system FE Inquirer FE Inquirer by Node This option allows the user to select a node and display type Its value will be displayed in a dialog window as shown For more information about the Result Type please refer to the descriptions in the Contour display session While the inquirer is active as the cursor m
18. available Model gt Define gt Element Properties gt Name This is the user defined material name for the selected geometry region By default it is assigned as User n where n corresponds to the Mat ID and the user can change this name into a more meaningful way to identify the material region Model gt Define gt Element Properties gt New Mat ID with Selected Geometry Use this button to create a new Mat ID and apply the new material index name to the selected geometry regions The user will generally select the geometry usually the BodyElement or the FaceElement geometry and click this button If the selection buffer is empty a new material is created with no associated geometry Model gt Define gt Element Properties gt Update Mat ID add Selected Geometry Use this button to add the selected geometry to the current Mat ID If the Mat ID specified does not exist it will be created with the Name as specified Model gt Define gt Element Properties gt Delete Material Index This button can be used to delete unused material type If there are regions using this material Index their material index association will become undefined Model gt Define gt Element Properties gt Undefine Geometry for Mat ID Press this button to make all existing geometry items associated with the current material index Mat ID to become undefined in material definition Their default material color will become a grey undefined color Model gt Define gt Eleme
19. condition is actually applied by the selection of the combinations of the four type and then specified as the final boundary condition index Using this approach the boundary conditions can be specified by selecting the combinations of different geometry type value and time indexes lt is helpful for the user to turn both the node and the element side display on in order to review the applied boundary conditions The Model Condition Menu The boundary condition is defined by a combination of Geometry Time Type and the associated additional data Once these boundary condition data are set the Condition page is used to define a complete set of boundary condition When the user enter the Condition page the first time most of the menu are disabled till the Geometry Time and Type pages are specified then a New Condition button will be enabled to create a new boundary condition Once a boundary condition set has been defined this is the best place to quickly review what the boundary conditions of a model especially when there are many condition sets If you switch the combination set the geometry set associated with the boundary condition will be automatically brought up and shown in highlight and the type value time page will be automatically recalled ready for review Condition Sheet Condition Geometry Time Type l Values Condition Name ka Custom Marne Current Page Settings if different than saved Sort
20. defined the program will automatically switch to 50 AMPView the highest index and highlight geometric entities associated with that index for user s information Model gt Condition gt Type gt Nodal Local Coordinate gt Add This is a short cut button lts purpose is to add the current Graphic selection s to the next available Nodal Local Coordinate Index This is the recommended way of adding a new Nodal Local Coordinate index to avoid overwriting the existing ones The Nodal Local Coordinate index is usually created by first specifying the geometric selection using any of the graphic selection tool then store the selected geometric items into the database Model gt Condition gt Type gt Nodal Local Coordinate gt Update Save Delete The appropriate action is selected to link and update the graphic selection with the Nodal Local Coordinate index The delete button will delete the Nodal Local Coordinate index Model gt Condition gt Type gt Nodal Local Coordinate gt Show Refresh Selection Info Press this button will refresh the Selection Item Information for reference purpose lt is also automatically updated whenever the graphic index is changed However if the selection is changed later it is necessary to press this button to get the most recent update Model gt Condition gt Type gt Nodal Local Coordinate gt Selected Item Information Total Selected ltems Current Item Index This provides the user with details of the type of geome
21. eaa ala Multiple entities are selected by depressing the Shift key for addition to the selection or the Ctrl key for toggle selection Selection gt Geometric FE Select gt Elements in a body This selects all finite elements contained in a solid block Selection gt Geometric FE Select gt Elements on a Surface This selects 2D elements Selection gt Geometric FE Select gt Solid Element Faces on a Surface This selects all the element faces that are contained in a solid block face In conditions where nodal quantities are implied such as fixed displacements the element faces are in turn converted to all the nodes contained in the solid block face Selection gt Geometric FE Select gt Nodes on a surface This selects all the nodes on a solid block surface Selection gt Geometric FE Select gt Nodes on a Edge This selects all finite element nodes on a solid block edge Selection gt Geometric FE Select gt Element Sides on a Edge This selects element sides in a 2D mesh Selection gt Geometric FE Select gt Node of a geometry Vertex This selects a single Vertex of a solid block Selection gt Geometric FE Select gt Elements on a Geometry Edge This selects all elements on a geometry edge This is usually for beam rod elements only AMPView Selection FE Select Selection Model Results Finite Element view Geometric FE Select Se Gall FE Select Element Only Geometry Entity K Elem Face Only Analytical Geometry K Ele
22. element data For a geometric compatible tie glue the default All DOF s tie should be used The Model gt Condition gt Tie Glue gt Ratio of the slave DOF to the Master DOF This specifies the factor that will be applied on top of the geometric compatibility constraint and it should not be used unless specific master slave tie factor is desired In the case that the master geometry is a node the initial slave master contact search is skipped and this ratio default to be 1 0 is applied to the slave master tie relationship The Model gt Condition gt Tie Glue gt Apply time step factor to Tie Glue This option will apply the time step factor to the tie glue relationship Normally it is only meaningful when the factor is either one a fully geometric compatible tie glue or zero a completely disengaged tie glue This could be used to control the release engage of the tie glue condition by assigning a Time Step index with proper factor between 1 0 and 0 0 The Model gt Condition gt Tie Glue gt Apply transformation to the salve geometry before processing tie constraint This option will apply the specified translation rotation to the slave geometry before the processing the tie constraint This is usually necessary when trying to perform some boundary constraint such as periodic or cyclic symmetric boundary conditions In such cases the master and the slave geometry items are on different areas of the model and the proper constraint must be com
23. factor is 0 00094845166 since one Joule equals 0 00094845166 BTU Anisotropic Orthotropic Material Definition Model gt Define gt Element Behavior gt Anisotropic Orthotropic Material Setting This dialog is for general anisotropic or orthotropic material data input lt could be one of the follow types Anisotropic Orthotropic Material Definition Maternal Urothogonal a b c axes direction O M y Z direction a vector ro IS o o a direction b vector Young s modulus Es 30000000 Eb 20000000 Ec 20000000 03 Brr Ee p3 o CE 7 Shear Modulus Gab 11538461538 Gbe 111530461 558 Gea 11538461 538 Poisson s Ratio wba Cancel Nonlinear Multiplier Indes m U a a Thermal Anisotropic Orthotropic Material Definition Thermal Maternal Orthogonal a b C axes direction a vector i i K P direction b vector 0 Y Y Thermal Conductivity Thermal Linear Expansion Coefficient Ka 0 0007612 Kb 0 0007612 Er 0 0007612 Ba 86 006 Bb Se 006 Be Se 006 Nonlinear Multiplier Indes e 31 AMPView Reference Manual Electric Magnetic Anisotropic Material Definition Electromagtic Orthogonal a b c avez 7 Z Cancel direction a vector noo poo T direction b vector po Poo Y Multiplier Conductivity Index Dielecticiy or Ka a Kb jae Ec 07 jo Permeability Nonlinear Fig 4 8 The anisotropic orthotropic material dialog Model gt Define gt Str
24. field associated with the material library data will be initialized Note that the material library may not contain all information needed to initialize the needed data for analysis Model gt Define gt Element Properties gt Apply If the material data are changed this button will become active Pressing it will save the changed data back to system memory To permanently save the changed model the user still need to use File Save command to save it back to the computer storage The Model Define Element Behavior Stress Menu This menu spreadsheet is shown below This dialog page is mainly for assign the associated material properties to the material index type 25 AMPView Reference Manual Define Sheet Material id 2 E4 Element Properties stress ElectraMagneto Edit Nonlinear Multiplier Data Nonlinear Multioher Indes Young s Modulus Ea 20000000 OO Poissons Ratio Wab jos o o0 Mass Density 0 283 Stiffness Damping Coefficient oi Plastic Yield Stress R Isotropic Hardening Modulus 3333330 Plastic Kinematic Factor 0 strain const LZ T Anisotropic Drthotropic Material T with Creep Effect thermalelasto plastic User Constitutive Material F Initial Strees Strain Eesam Rod Section Properties F User Defined Plasticity Math Name 2 Steel Previous West het Constitutive Behavior f so Ortho Aniso tropic C with von Mises Plastic With Isotropic Hardening With Kinematic Harden
25. results use the optional Shell Element Contour menu Model Result gt Contour Display gt Show Contour This initiates the contour plot Model Result gt Contour Display gt Show Model Only This removes the contour plots from the model Model Result gt Contour Display gt Time Step Animate When there are multiple time step results this menu is active and can be used to activate color contouring in steps Shell Element Contour Model Result gt Contour Display gt Shell Element Contour 67 AMPView Reference Manual Contour Display Control ES Available Contour Types Contour Display sigs Blended Colors Banded Colors Element Result Specific Shell Element C Back Side IY Front Side e Paint Visible Side Only Legend Range Control I Automatic from results Mav K Min W Cancel This contouring control dialog is specifically designed for shell element based result display For shell element the front back side result display will contour the result on the selected side and are only visible from the side specified and invisible from the other side in order to give the user the idea which side he she is viewing Since the finite element results are usually nodal based deformation temperature voltage etc those results involving derivative such as stress strain flux etc are computed after the basic nodal solutions are obtained These derivative type results are then computed base
26. such time step analysis new models will be generated when a refinement interval is encountered If the original model name is old_model and the count of the refinement is N the new model generated will be stored as old_model_hpN for both h p Adaptive or old_model_hN for h Adaptive only or old_model_pN for p_ Adaptive only The Model gt System gt Adaptive Controls gt Maximum Mesh Refinement Allowed This specifies the maximum mesh refinement process can take place during an analysis After reaching this limit number the mesh refinement process will be skipped The Model gt System gt Adaptive Controls gt Restart Analysis after Refinement single step or linear problem Instruct AMPSol to restart the analysis using the refined mesh This should only be used for a single step linear problem Also this option can not be used in conjunction with a restart analysis see Model gt System gt Solution Control since the older result file will not contain the refined mesh result The Model gt System gt Adaptive Controls gt Optimize Mesh After Refinement This control specifies a mesh optimization should be immediately performed on the refined mesh to minimize the runtime memory requirement and speed The Model gt System gt Adaptive Controls gt Refine Mesh Base on Current Error Norm Now If an analysis result is available a new refined mesh can be generated based on the analysis error term The new mesh will be created based on the
27. the subsequent clicking of the pause button will resume to normal animation When the model is very large it is useful to turn off the face display to speed up the animation and uses only the element sides and nodes This is useful for examining result since when the color contouring of the result on FE sides and nodes is still available Reducing the Frames per Cycle will also increase the animation speed Model Result gt Deformation gt Time Step Animate Animation Control EJ Animate Scale li li U Frames per Sec Tine Step Inrement li i Il Save Awi Cancel This animates deformation from the available time step results on a continuous basis as compared to the single step deformation scaling animation The user can choose from a dialog box either to alter the scaling factor or to terminate the animation or to select the step increment number in order to speed up the animation when lots of time steps results are produced When the Full Sine option is used the result animation will start from step O to step n at an increment as specified then decrease back to step O with the decreasing steps entered The Half Sine will just repeat from step 0 again instead of gradually decreasing the result step animated The Save AVI option will capture the animation frame and convert them into Windows movie AVI animation for later viewing When this button is pressed an optional dialog box will pop up for AVI capturing setup for
28. trigger the camera rotation panning and zooming function Display Menu The Display Menu This menu allows the user to choose some display controls Display Options Window Help w Orthographic Perspective Display Lists Smooth view Transition zoom to Selection oormeRotate to Selection Transparent view Level of Detail Level of Detail Options Fig 7 1 The display Menu Display gt Orthographic Perspective The user can change whether to use an orthographic or a perspective display The default setting is to use the perspective display with depth effect Display gt Display Lists On some machines with high end display memory controls it is much faster to store the OpenGL data in a display list memory buffer and then as the user refresh the screen just to reuse these objects from the display list buffer The user can compare the difference and select this option if it helps in displaying large models Display gt Smooth View Transition When this option is on when the user change from one view camera angle to another one the program will use a transitional effect to rotate the view from the old position into the new position Using such effect it is usually easier to follow the geometry details of the model 82 AMPView Display gt Zoom to Selection When this option is on the selected entities elements nodes face sides will be automatically placed in the center of the screen and magnified This option is u
29. used with small enough error control to ensure the solution is correct The default error _norm for the iterative solver is 1 e 6 and the incomplete LU factoring skip tolerance is automatically determined based on the ratio of the minimum to the maximum diagonal of the equations This setting is found to be a reliable technique from our empirical testing and this default setting handles well for most problems including shells high order p element and general problems In general this error norm can be lowered to around 1 e 4 for most problems to speed up the solution time For most problems this factor_tol is generally found to in the range of 1e 2 to 1e 8 If necessary the user can overwrite the automatic setting so the tolerance will be computed based on the value of factor_tol times the maximum diagonal term of the equations Relaxing these tolerances may speed up the solution but the iterative method may not converge and could cause the program to stop after reaching its maximum iteration limits Generally PCG method performs well in most cases but when it has erratic convergence behavior either due to poor preconditioning treatment or ill conditioned equations due to the multi physics properties other methods have proven to be more stable More detailed reference about these methods can be found in general numerical methods literature Model gt System gt Solution Control gt Time Stepping Pseudo Time Controls For all analyses the user s
30. 2D magnitude values must be entered in the directional value page Model gt Condition gt Type gt Thermal Convective Radiative Flux This applies a convective or radiative boundary condition in the thermal problem The convective or radiative coefficient and the associated ambient condition must be entered in the corresponding value page Model gt Condition gt Type gt Nodal Stiffness Nodal Mass Nodal Damping This specifies the additional nodal values to a specific node or nodes for physics Depending on the geometric dimension of analysis either 3 3D or 2 2D magnitude values must be entered in the directional value page Model gt Condition gt Type gt Tie Glue This specifies a tie glue boundary condition to be enforced on the geometry selected Tie Glue can only be specified on the boundary of the model In 2D analysis the allowed geometry can be geometry side element side or nodes and element In 3D this also includes element face In general at least two geometric selections are required to construct a tie glue a master and one of multiple slave geometry The nodes on the slave geometry are then kinematically constrained to the master surface side based on the relative initial geometry and will be enforced throughout the analysis unless a time controlled tie glue is specified Details controls can be found in the Tie Glue setup page Model gt Condition gt Type gt Surface Contact This specifies a contact boundary condit
31. Care should be exercised when multiple views are active because each view window has it own associated selector inquirer etc The current version of AMPView is designed to handle a single model but can have multiple views for model display This is due to the internal animation control design If the user desire to view a different model the current model will need to close and the new model opened or to activate another instance of AMPView and examine the new model there The future version will allow multiple models to be opened in the same AMPView execution Window gt Cascade When multiple views are active this option will cascade the view windows 88 AMPView Window gt Tile Horizontal Vertical When multiple views are active this option will arrange the view windows in the desired tile fashion Window gt Arrage Icons When multiple views are active and ionized this option will arrange these icon so they will be visible and in order Window gt Toobar Status Bar These are options to turn on off the toolbars File Toolbar Z S File control bar The first icon saves the model data into a file The second icon allows copying the scene image to the Windows clipboard for other standard applications image pasting The last icon prints the scene in the current display window 2 Help bar The first icon selects the online help file The second is the interactive context sensitive What is this help To use this featur
32. D Name 1 Water Model gt Define gt ElementBehavior gt Thermal Conductivity Specific Heat Capacity Specify the isotropic material s thermal property the specific heat capacity is necessary for transient response analysis Model gt Define gt ElementBehavior gt Volume Heat Flux Density Specify a volume distributed heat flux associated with the material index This is usually used to simulate a heat sink or a heat source situation Note that the same effect could also be achieved using the nodal based heat load but it then require the user to specify the integrated nodal value So it is not as convenient as the volume based heat flux density Model gt Define gt ElementBehavior gt Linear Expansion Coeff Expansion Reference Temperature This option allows the user to specify the thermal expansion coefficient and the reference temperature It is mainly applicable for thermal stress coupling or when buoyancy effect in the fluid is expected Note that when in thermal fluid application the buoyancy effect is computed based on the Boussinesq assumption e the thermal expansion term only affects the density variation in the gravity calculation and not in the momentum terms Model gt Define gt ElementBehavior gt Mass density For fluid flow analysis the mass property is always necessary For a pure thermal analysis the mass density is only necessary when the transient response is desired Model gt Define gt Element Behavior gt Nonl
33. ENT group if desired Shell generation from solid faces BU total shell elements to be generated Element Starting Ha 27 Cancel Default Maternal Index jo Default Face lement Group jo Coat Beam Rod element on the Slected Element Sides This menu allows the user to create the 2D 3D beam or rod elements on the existing element side or geometry edges Using this option the beam rod element is created on the pre selected edge will share the same nodes with the existing 2d 3d element to ensure tight continuity in the constitutive behavior The user has the choices of changing the elements starting number and the material property group also the geometric association of the LINEELEMENT group if desired Shell generation from solid faces bU total shell elements to be generated Element Starting N O ef Default Material Index jo Default FaceElement Group jo Finite Element Graphic Display Finite Element View Display Options Window Help FE Group Display Mode Elernent K Graphic Display d Hide Hidden Elements Edges Hide Hidden Element Faces Optimize Mesh SI opes Precise Hidden Faces Sort Import External Model A A eles w Use Automatic Graphic Update Finite Element gt Graphic Display gt Hide Hidden Elements Edges When this option is checked the element s side will not be shown if it is a hidden element This option is useful if very complex elements exist in the model and the user
34. Index B Basic nodal dof choices E Element side or surface Boundary Condition Types Enquirer Time Plot F FE Enquirer Finite Element Features of the Sage Solvers G Geometric Entities conversion to FE geometry l Insert a Cutting Plane Introduction M Material model types P Piezoelectrical Material Data R Result Display Toolbar S System Storage Files T The Boundary Condition Menu The Display Menu The File Menu The Help Menu The Mode Menu 52 76 74 91 83 40 35 90 40 82 91 10 The Model Condition Geometry Menu The Model Condition Menu The Model Condition Time Menu The Model Condition Type Menu The Model Condition Values Menu The Model Define Element Behavior Menu The Model Define Material Library Menu The Model Define Properties Menu The Model System Menu Controls Menu Inertia Effects Iteration Control The Model System Unit Scaling Controls The Options Menu The OverSet Condition The Results Deformation Display Menu The Results Menu The Selection Menu The View Menu The Window Control Menu U User Defined Initial Stress and Strain User Defined Plasticity Material W Welcome 42 41 44 46 52 25 64 23 10 16 14 21 84 63 70 70 65 82 88 39 39 93
35. Name This name is the same as the one have been created in the condition Type page lt is displayed here for information purpose The Model gt Condition gt Tie Glue gt New Type Value 59 AMPView Reference Manual This will create a new Type Name and save the current data entered this page into the condition new Type Name condition set This is a quick way of creating a new Type Name if the user has not created a new Type Name in the previous Type page The Model gt Condition gt Tie Glue gt Update This will save the entered data and updates the database of the current active Type Name as shown in the Name field The Model gt Condition gt Tie Glue gt Master Geometry Setting The user must select at least two geometric entities for tie glue definition By default the first selection is the master geometry and the rest of the selections are tied to the master geometry All nodes associated with the slave geometry face slide node are first extracted and their relative geometric position with respect to the master geometry could be either a face side are computed lfthe slave node and the master geometry are initially in contact the geometry compatibility is enforced using the initial geometry constraint through out the entire analysis with the optional time factor control The Model gt Condition gt Tie Glue gt Tie all active DOF s default This specifies the tie glue DOF s that should be enforced between the master slave finite
36. This name is generated automatically by the New button The user can also enter a Custom Name to better indicate the Condition Name It is also used as a pull down list to select one from the existing available selections if any The Model gt Condition gt Type gt Custom Name This is an optional name that the user can enter to specify a meaningful name to the Type set The Model gt Condition gt Type gt New This button creates a new Type Name and stored the selected condition Type under the index The user can also enter a custom Type name to better indicate the type of the condition The Model gt Condition gt Type gt Update Save Delete The update save button is used to update the Type selection associated with the Type Name The delete button will delete the current Type Name and the associated data The Model gt Condition gt Type gt Kinematic LHS Applied RHS The user may select one type from any of these radio buttons The Applied RHS refers to the nature that these conditions generally contribute to the right hand side of the system equation 46 AMPView and the kinematic conditions usually restrict the left hand side solution unknown to be restrained to certain specified values Model gt Condition gt Type gt Prescribed Values This selection applies a LHS nodal unknown This is normally used to specify nodal displacement temperature voltage etc Depending on the geometric dimension of analysis either 3 3D or 2
37. alysis use Geomtry Line AMPView Selection gt Analytical Geometry gt Line Analytical Geometry LINE ES Line Definition Index fi 9 Add Update Save Delete N N Z Passing through point lo lo o Line Direction Vector li o o Length of line 0 for minute li 00 Contact or Time Scaling f Left Side of the Line Movement Side Right Side of the Line Fig 3 6 Analytical Line Geometry Analytical geometry line is defined by using a point and a direction vector If the length of the line is left to be the default value zero the line is a infinite long line Otherwise it is a finite line segment Geometry line can only be used in 2D contact analysis When a line is used as the auxiliary geometry for contact analysis the contacting side must be defined by either the left side or the right side of the line from the starting point of the line The line can also move in the time step analysis along this normal direction by using time movement scaling index In such case the line moves laterally and the movement magnitude is controlled by the time scaling factor Geometry Plane Selection gt Analytical Geometry gt Plane Analytical Geometry PLANE Plane Definition Inde fo Add Update Save Delete H y 2 Passing through point o lo a Plane Normal Vector fo i ooo Contact Wall or Time Scaling Same as the direction normal side Movement Side C On the reverse side of the normal Close Fig 3 6 Analyt
38. an be selected by referring to the solid model entities The first allows all solid elements to be selected through solid block selection The second allows all 2D elements corresponding to a surface to be selected The third allows all 3D element faces matching a solid face to be selected The fourth allows all solid element sides corresponding to the geometry edge to be selected The fifth allows all solid element nodes corresponding to the geometry edge to be selected The sixth allows all 2D element sides corresponding to the surface edge to be selected while the last allows a solid element node matching the solid vertex to be selected By using these type solid surface model based element face side node selections the user can use the FE property or boundary condition even after the meshes are refined Also a single solid face or edge selection will immediately include all associated elements element faces element sides or nodes eieae sl F E selection bar This filter bar defines the type of finite element entities that can be selected based on the finite element mesh The first allows selection of elements The second allows selection of element faces The third allows selection of element edges The fourth and last allows selection of nodes Select clear bar The will clear all the current selection Result Display Toolbar Ea al e aa Result Display toolbar These are the toolbar for quick access to result display The
39. ansmicaiankeraaatainitaiddousaaduaneian 79 Greate Modi inguire Els Me orrei ere o da E 79 Coat Shell Elem on the Selected Elem Faces sees eee eee 79 Coat Beam Rod element on the Slected Element Sides sese eee eee 80 Finite Element Graphic DISBIAY asis lAs 80 Optimize MOSM iii as 81 Import Exem ModE lisina olgalgacoacas 81 A e en en ee ear ene er re nee ee eee 81 Mae View NTS TU a a a a ead aa i te MR Sates tale asa Mash ates tale ees Oe eases 82 ISLAY MEU a iS o oe tice eas ae erence 82 TTS DIS ay Men a ARE NARA A ace ee aac AAA ee 82 GUINDA a EA A E A A A AO 83 A tect A acne ices ayes elec ete E AEE eee cae dace PET A AA eee eee eee 83 OPUIOnS IST alla 84 Me OOHORIS 90 Sian 84 SA e op a A Fontee nea Staauurremiee tea bin eeniencaeds 84 Option Render Mode nai iio ocod 85 Option Golosa DA hes ey 86 OPIO SZC OS 86 A or eae ete ae ee eee ee ert ee 87 Wintlow Conmirol Mei ss Tae ait eee ee eee ae ee te 88 The Window Control MENU sce AR ee een ae eae 88 Pile TODA A aaa R e e a 0 89 VIEW TOOID Al A A A A id eco 89 Display Keel 89 Table of Contents select Geomel FE Toa o o cd as ec e a e dd 89 Result Display TODA AAA A ead 90 Gut Plane TOD nl tte dace a Md 90 HAD MOME da HHT 91 TS CIO MENU nroa HHT 91 Finite Element Features of Me SOIW GIs A A AA 91 Element side or surface Boundary Condition TYpe s c ccscsscececeeeeeeeseaeeeeseseeeeeeeeeesessaueaseeseeeeeeeeeeeseessaaeaaaeseseeeeeeeeeeseaeas 91 on A ena ae cees Meme
40. anual The Model Condition Type Menu This menu specifies the type of the boundary condition desired Additional values needed for the type specified can then be entered in the next page immediately following this page The Type selection can be classified into the following categories Continuum Thermal Fluid Electro Magnetic and General To avoid unnecessary choices some of the boundary condition types will be disabled from selection Once the user chooses the Type category the avallable boundary condition Type will be active for selection Condition Sheet Condition Geometry Time Type Values Type Name C1 NPressure P 0 9 N ew aa Delete Custom Mame F Use Local Coordinates Modal Local Coord Cis f Continuum Thermal Fluid Electro Magneto General Kinematic LHS Applied AHS Prescribed Value C Point Force Source Henna convective FIle henna Fradiatve Hur Roda Stites Hada bass Hoda Danprna Merle surace contact Global PressureT raction Normal Pressure ZEIZ Ao E IZILI cute EM surace Ehage Pouono Pressure EM ioente voume Pace Constraint Equation Use menned Wide na Uad 2 Mere Use Weed Mistibuted nad Flyers T Trace Load Multiplier Using Arc Length Control From Initial AHS More Arc Length Ctrl HEW a co SurfEle_1 001 1 Cl MNPressure P 0 9 Prev Next Fig 4 12 The Condition Type menu DDD OP Oe bp 1 The Model gt Condition gt Type gt Type Name
41. ature field is included in the nodal dof These are solved as part of a combined mechanics thermal diffusion and convection problem Thermal Flux Nodal property computed from the thermal gradient Nodal property retrieved from solution Yield function State property of material used for plasticity Isotropic hardening State property defining an isotropic work hardening material Hardening kinematic hardening elastic plastic material tensor tensor Total strain tensor State property defining total strains Velocity Vorticity Fluid flow Eulerian formulation velocity and vorticity At the interface between the fluid and continuum the velocity value become consistent between the Eulerian and the Lagrangian measurement Fluid Pressure Fluid pressure scalar value The Model Condition Values Menu The values menu is dependent on the type of condition chosen In the diagram we show the menu obtained by specifying the first option in the Kinematic LHS Prescribed Values 52 AMPView Condition Sheet Condition Geometry Time Type Values Name C4 Frescnbe ds dr Continuum Prescribed Value Dir Use Name Value IY Displacement 0 l Displacement ay Rotation OO Rotation OO Rotation OO BO Xx MH There are other types of Values menu page will show up Condition Sheet Condition Geometry Time Type Values Hame C4 GPressure s0 rO Her Type value Update Continuum Point Force Sourc
42. by Y Name C Geometry C Order New Condition Update Eanation Delete Condition ii Geometry Old ID numbers Geometry fo Time fo Restore Saved laz jp Time Type and Value NENE EN SurfEle_1 t 0 0 1 1 El Prescrbe Prev Next Fig 4 17 Condition Combination Page Model gt Condition gt Condition gt Condition Name This name is generated automatically by the New Condition button The user can also enter a Custom Name to better indicate the Condition Name It is also used as a pull down list to select one from the existing available selections if any 41 AMPView Reference Manual The Model gt Condition gt Combination gt Custom Name This is an optional name that the user can enter to specify a meaningful name to a Condition set Model gt Condition gt Condition gt New Condition This will generate a new Condition Name based on the already define Geometry Time Type data as listed in the bottom pull down list name is generated automatically by the New Condition button The user can also enter a Custom Name to better indicate the Condition Name It is also used as a pull down list to select one from the existing available selections if any Model gt Condition gt Combination gt Update Condition If there are any changes to the combination of the Condition this Update Condition button will be enabled to allow the saving of the changes Model gt Condition gt Combination gt Delete Co
43. ct the user defined constitutive model additional material property data can be stored in AMPView and then later pass to the user supplied routines This dialog box is used to store such property array data in the model 38 AMPView User Defined Constitutrie Material Model Enter the data required by the usr supplied material model They will be passed into the user funcion as the porperty array ltem Value Cancel o o Add Update Current Values U 3e 00 select to edit 1 0 3 lt Delete Selected Delete All Entries L Supennipose the User matena madel with he active meatenal model User Defined Initial Stress and Strain When this option is checked the default initial stress and strain can be initialized for each element at each integration point This is usually used for problems that require initial pre stress or need the strain history for specific material model Initial Property at Element Integration Points Initial Stress and Strain at the element integration point Sig 4x la Epi NY o Sig NU 0 Eps sl 0 Sig 92 0 eps Hz 0 zig p 0 Eps UU 0 O sig vz o eps pz o 31Q_22 0 epz 22 0 i E Use USERAFF user function to define the initial varnable at the element integration point Additionally if these stress and strain initialization is not enough and more other properties need to be initialized the user can select the Use USRAPP check box and initialize the desired variable in t
44. current adaptive controls and a new model will be generated If the original model name is old_model the new model generated will be stored as old_model_hp0 for both h p Adaptive or old model hO for h Adaptive only or old_model_ pO for p_ Adaptive only The Model System Unit Scaling Controls The adaptive controls are specified in the following spreadsheet page 21 AMPView Reference Manual System Sheet System Controls Solution Controls Inertia Effect Reference Frame Adaptivity Controls Unit Scaling l Use Length Conversion New length Old Length i o mm HH Cancel Sop Help The Model gt System gt Unit Scaling This is the optional menu for unit scaling Since AMPS product is designed to allow the user to choose their own units specification there is no additional unit conversion used in all calculations However to facilitate the ease of using data from different CAD CAE system the unit scaling options are provided to convert the input data into the appropriate unit in computing The conversion is process as New data input data scaling offset Currently only length conversion is active as of AMPS version 3 0 Time Step Dependent Data Control This is a general data entry table for time step dependent data control By entering the specific time step value with the desired data value and pressing the Add Update button the data set will be recorded and sorted
45. d Node s History is pressed in the FE Inquirer This produces a time step history plot for the node with the selected result type The history plot can be deleted and a plot can then be repeated by selecting another result variable or by selecting another node If you select multiple nodes by depressing the shift key these nodes history will be shown as multiple curves with different colors Plot Selected Nodes Results along geom Line index The FE Inquirer can also generate a nodal result plots along a user define line based on the distance from the line origin The nodal coordinate is first projected to this geometry line by the closest position to the line and the distance of this projected point to the line origin is computed as the horizontal coordinate of the history plot diagram If the geometry line ID specified does not exist the user is prompted to enter the required information to define the analytical geometry line This process is repeated for all nodes selected and the current time load step nodal result values are plotted along based on their distance from the line s origin FE Inquire by Element This option allows the user to inquire an element s connectivity and if available the result closest to the point under the cursor While the inquirer is active as the cursor move across the model the element s connectivity nodes are automatically retrieved The nodes defining the current element is displayed in the dialog box and th
46. d in the analysis Current only contact slide definition uses analytical geometry The pull down list will list the available geometry for selection and the Create New button can used to add new analytical geometry Clicking the Add gt button will include the selected geometry into the Included Geometry Items list and the Remove Item button will remove the selected item in the list Note Sometimes it is necessary to select the geometry entities that are very close together or some of the items are hidden inside the body In such case it is usually easier to select the visible items first and store the selections into the geometry index After that use the FiniteElement FE Group Display display grouping and hiding control to hide the undesirable portion of the model so the desired element node geometry become visible After that use the Add Selection to Geom button to add the new selection to the previous stored the geometry selection For more information about finite element graphic selection refer to the Selection Menu section The Model Condition Time Menu The time range over which the condition applies is specified in this menu 44 AMPView Condition Sheet Condition Geometry Time Type Values Time Mame 10 01 J 9 New URZ Delete Custom N E 7 i Initial Boundary Condition Time Load Factor Start lo o End A Roo o lo g Add Update Sad z Delete Selected Time Factorz select to edit
47. d in the new arc length step The recommended 3 0 300 increase factor is based on several average nonlinear problems we have tested and usually is a recommended setting However if the problem softens or stiffens a lot i e extremely nonlinear then a smaller setting such as value close to 1 0 is recommended For a extremely nonlinear softening stiffening if the load marching increment is too big the resultant load displacement curve will have erratic jump or oscillation and that s also a good indication of smaller increment is necessary Minimum Load Decrease Factor After an UnSuccessful Arc Step default 0 001 similar to the above setting this specifies the minimum load factor will be used when the arc length loading step size is cutting back during a very nonlinear analysis Desired Deformation Increment The user can directly input the desired incremental deformation size In such case the deformation corresponding to the specified incremental load will be scaled so the incremental arc length size will be roughly equal to the desired deformation size Maximum Deformation Increment Size When this is entered the arc length deformation will not march larger than the specified size If not specified the program will initially limit the size to no more than 5 times the initial increment Minimum Deformation Increment Size specify the minimum size of the arc length deformation magnitude to take when the load step is cutting back No
48. d on volume averaging from different elements projection Element based results are directly from the analysis without any extrapolation as compared with the nodal results that are based on the volume averaging They usually have slightly more oscillation than the nodal based result but will give out more specific information for a specific element of interest In the AMPS version 1 74 and above the shell element results also contain the global element end forces or forces and moments in the global direction This is convenient for design purpose Note that for all element based result you can also inquire each element s corner value using the ModelResult FE_Inquire by_ Element inquiry dialog to find out the exact value of each element Beam Rod Contour Model Result gt Contour Display gt Beam Rod Contour Contour Display Control ES Contour Display Blended Colors C Banded Colors Available Contour Types astal dir shear dire shear dirs Contour Range Control torsion dirt moment dirz moment dir3 M Peat SITE Side Mny Mas fo Min 0 E Contour elements W Automatic from results Cancel within range only This contouring control dialog is specifically designed for beam rod element based result display If there is no beam rod element in the model this menu item can not be selected The avallable beam rod results will be shown in the pull down list For beam rod elements the 68 AMPView contour result magn
49. dal Local Coordinate System Controls User Nodal Local Coordinate System Controls Nodal Local Coord Index 10 Add Update Save Delete how H erezh Selection Inf Total Selected Items f Curent tem inder fo Previous tem Hest item Hodal Local Coordinate Data Selected ltem Information Selection Type EdgeElSide Group Elem SiderNode Group Indes 7 Side Mode index Additional Mode Coordinate System Type Local Orthogonal a b and c Ases Definition Method f Use vector 1 as a axis and vector 2 as b axis b is orthogonalized to a c axb rc Use Computed SurbaceSide Mormal at a asis Vector 1 12 Orthogonalized to the Normal as the b axis direction Vector 2 is used if vector 1 is in the normal dir cr Cylindrical Defined from the Origin and the Cylinder Asie Direction a radial b tangential in theta c axi dir se Spherical Defined trom the Origin and the North Pole Asis Direction a radial b tangential in theta c tangential in 2 dir Origin or Vector 1 jo f s R fo fo f Asis Dir or Vector 2 F Skip LHS tranformation i e Applical to RHS only if Specified in Condition Data Model gt Condition gt Type gt Nodal Local Coordinate gt Nodal Local Coord Index The assigns an index number by entering a value or select one from the dropdown list if there are existing indexes Note that at the first opening of this page if there are Geometric Condition Indexes that have been previously
50. desire a different option of displaying the hidden elements Finite Element gt Graphic Display gt Hide Hidden Elements Faces When this option is checked all elements internal sides that are shared with other elements are hidden It is mainly used to show only the solid surface without showing the internal faces This option is useful when checking whether there is an internal gap or void in the solid 80 AMPView elements It is also useful in large model animation since the internal invisible faces are removed from the view scene for faster display When it is activated the first time an internal database will check these internal faces and hide them after sorting for large model this may cause a little delay in graphic response However subsequence operations will no longer need this sorting In AMPS version 1 72 and above a fast hashing table searching algorithm is used to quickly find out these internal faces but may still last for couple seconds if a large model is being viewed Finite Element gt Graphic Display gt Precise Hidden Faces Sort The menu is an obsolete control since all models are now processed through a precise hidden faces sort since a very fast sorting algorithm is used and examining millions of elements only take few seconds Finite Element gt Graphic Display gt Use Automatic Graphic Update Update Display Now When this option is checked if any element or node is modified the graphic will be automatically
51. desired level of details in the Level of Detail Options slide bar Display gt Level of Detail Options This will show up a slide bar to control the selection of the desired level of detail Level of Detail o LOD Threshold 20 Cutting Plane Cutting Plane Menu These cutting plane toolbar icons allow the user to insert define translate rotate delete a cutting plane ime The cutting plane passes through the centroid of the solid model and is normal to the screen All parts closest to the user are eliminated To be precise all elements cut by the slicing plane are hidden Contours are then redrawn on all the faces The user may also display a grid on the cutting plane Multiple cutting planes can be specified in order to zoom in to the desired 83 AMPView Reference Manual region Details of the display controls can also be found in Options Visibility Cutplanes cutlines cutgeometry 18 E az 299 mir 1 ins i a im ae R E i RS I ir Er ER There are three preset cutting planes XY XZ and YZ cut planes After clicking on each icon the cut plane will show up By clicking the icon again the cut plane will be removed Three cutting planes can all be active For each cutting plane there is a tri axis cut plane translation arrow along the cut plane normal direction and two cut plane rotation control arrows By holding the mouse left button while pointing the cursor at the either the rotational or translational arr
52. dielectricity analysis Model gt Define gt ElementBehavior gt Volume Charge Density For a dielectric analysis the user can specify a volume distributed charge associated with the material index Note that the same effect could also be achieved using the nodal based charge load but it then requires the user to specify the integrated nodal value So it is not as convenient as the volume based heat flux density Model gt Define gt ElementBehavior gt Magnetic Permeability This specifies either the magnetic permeability property Model gt Define gt Element Behavior gt Nonlinear Multiplier Index This index allows the control of the material data to be dependent on the available system variables such as time or stress or strain etc For further information see the nonlinear property multiplier dialog session Model gt Define gt Element Behavior gt Electrical Joule Heating to Thermal Energy Conversion Factor Since the energy unit conversion among different forms of energy such as electrical thermal or mechanical is dependent on the unit used in the model it is necessary to use a energy conversion factor to convert the electrical Joulian heat to the equivalent thermal energy The electrical joule energy is computed from the heat generation E IV per unit volume sense and 30 AMPView the conversion factor is used to convert this electrical Joulian energy into the thermal energy unit For example the energy unit Joule to BTU conversion
53. e Dir Use Name Value x M Point Force o Y e Point Force OO Z Point Force OO test EdgeEdaes_4 t0 0 1 1 CdkGPressure 00 Prev 53 AMPView Reference Manual Condition Sheet Condition Geometry Time Type Values Mame C4 rez sure UYU Hew T ype value Update Continuum Global Pressure Traction Dir Use Name Value Y e Global Pressure o Z v Global Pressure o IZ EeometriFollover ENED test EdgeEdges_4 001 1 Cd GPressure 0YU 7 Prev Ed Fig 4 13 The Directional Values Condition This menu allows the user to enter vector data or scalar data pending on the BC Type that is specified in the Condition Type page The user is required to check the appropriate variable to associate the entered value to the proper physical variables The Model gt Condition gt Directional Value gt Name This name is the same as the one have been created in the condition Type page lt is displayed here for information purpose The Model gt Condition gt Directional Value gt New Type Value This will create a new Type Name and save the current data entered this page into the condition new Type Name condition set This is a quick way of creating a new Type Name if the user has not created a new Type Name in the previous Type page The Model gt Condition gt Directional Value gt Update This will save the entered data and updates the database of the current active Type Name as shown in the Name field Model gt
54. e area with details of the geometry Model gt Condition gt Geometry gt Previous ltem Next Item If there are multiple geometry items the current item may be advanced or reversed by the Previous item button or next item button The information will include the type of the geometry such as the basic FE Element Side Node or the grouped geometric selection BodyElement FaceElement EdgeElSide etc It also contains information about its index If a face or a side of an element is selected it will also show the associated face count within the element or the node numbers associated with the side Model gt Condition gt Geometry gt Add Geometry to Selection Buffer This will add the current graphic selection s to the global selection buffer This is usually used to automatically set the global selection buffer from the stored the geometry index so they can be used for subsequent selection operations existing Geometry Condition Index Model gt Condition gt Geometry gt Show Selection FE Grouping The will bring up the FE Group Display dialog box so the user can examine the selected elements geometry items or groups This is usually for confirming the visual geometry selection items with the underlying element or geometry numerical information For detailed information please refer to the Finite Element FE Group Display control Model gt Condition gt Auxiliary Analytical Geometry This session defines the analytical geometry that can be use
55. e click on the menu icon or dialog or position and the program will automatically bring up the related help information View Toolbar E eel Fe View bar This gives us the isometric and the three standard views Display Toolbar alme ot Display Control bar The first icon allows a prefixed zoom all view while the second is a zoom by window control The next 3 icons are the interactive pan rotate and zoom size control icons To use these three controls hold the left hand side button and drag the mouse across the screen to achieve the desired motion E P a Finite element display control bar This bar allows the various finite element features to be displayed These are element faces sides and nodes display controls The last icon when clicked will display the model in transparent mode lAa Annotation bar This allows the insertion of a string of text with pointing line to annotate the model for additional clarity or presentation purpose After activate this icon click on the part of the object where the root of the pointing line should be then click a 2 time to indicate the text location A pointing line will be immediately inserted to the scene Finally finish this operation by typing a string of text to be inserted at the end of the pointing line Select Geometry FE Toolbar 89 AMPView Reference Manual 15519 Geometry selection bar This selection bar defines the type of finite element entities that c
56. e Maxwell stress tensor and the electrical field intensity is then applied as a pressure load to the stress continuum equation of the conductor The associated BC geometry must be either a side 2D or a surface 3D for this Coulomb pressure to be meaningful Model gt Condition gt Type gt EM Lorentz Volume Force This selection is used only when a electromagnetic analysis is active and when stress coupled analysis is desired In such case on the specified volume the Lorentz force is computed and integrated into the stress equations for analysis Model gt Condition gt Type gt User Defined Nodal Load RHS User Defined Distributed Load Flux RHS This specifies the nodal loads or the distributed loads are defined in the user supplied nodal load routine Additional load property data can be stored and passed into the user defined routine in the subsequent spreadsheet The distributed load can be used to calculate distributed pressure flux LHS RHS for either a surface 3D or a side 2D When this option is used the user is responsible to carefully define the nodal load following the user interface development guideline Details of the user defined material model can be found in the AMPS User Application Interface Reference Manual Model gt Condition gt Type gt BC Components Refer to Nodal Local Axis Directions if defined If this check box is active then the boundary condition values as specified are referring to the local coordinate system if
57. e association of the 3D elements material type BODYELEMENT Relate the association of the 3D elements to the geometric solid entity FACEMATERIAL Assigns the association of the 2D shell elements material type FACEELEMENT Relate the association of the 2D shell elements to the geometric face entity FACEELFACE Relate the association of the 3D elements face to the geometric face entity EDGEELSIDE 78 AMPView Relate the association of the 2D shell elements side to the geometric edge entity FACENODE Relate the association of the FE nodes to the geometric face entity EDGENODE Relate the association of the FE nodes to the geometric edge entity VERTEXNODE Relate the association of the FE node to the geometric vertex entity Create Modify Inquire Nodes This menu allows the user to create modify inquire the node also informs the user of the maximum node number used so far To create change the node enter the node number and coordinates desired Sometimes when the mouse function is switched into other function it is necessary to Activate Inquirer to attach the mouse function back to this dialog control Since it is not safe to delete node the unused nodes will only be deleted internally when Optimize Mesh is performed after checking the nodes are not used and are safe to delete FE Node Create Modify Add Node UpdateModify N ode z rond Activate Mav Mode Number 492 Mode Number p R S Inquire Cond Create Modify
58. e beam rod element has the additional member loading ability 1 Uniformly Distributed Local Axis Loads this allows the user to specify a uniformly distributed load along the local a b and c direction The total force will be calculated from the integration of these uniformly distributed loads after axes transformation lt is necessary to enter the Time Function index to control the time multiplier For more information about the Time Function please refer to the Model Condition section 2 Initial Tension and or Tension Compression Only this setting is only applicable to rod element To specify an initial tension enter a positive tensile stress and enter a negative stress for initial compressive state The rod can also function as a tension only state such as a rope or a compression only mode such as a compression only spring contact In such modes the rigidity of the rod is scaled by a factor of 1e 30 till the rod element become active again and the corresponding external loads forces are redistributed during the calculation For further flexibility the user can enter a slack distance to specify the initial tensile compressive length change before the tension compression mode will engage A typical application of this control is when trying to model a directional opening gap when a compressive rod must travel through the initial opening before the compression only mode engages User Defined Constutive Material Model When the user sele
59. e local a axis is along the radial direction and the b axis is tangent to the radial in the rotational theta direction The local c axis is always along the specified z axis direction 4 Spherical coordinate system Defined from the Origin and the North Pole Axis Direction The local a axis is along the radial direction and the b axis is tangent to the radial in the rotational theta direction The third tangential direction is the projection of the z axis vector tangent to the local a axis radial direction Model gt Condition gt Type gt Nodal Local Coordinate gt Skip LHS Transformation 91 AMPView Reference Manual This options specifies that the nodal coordinate specification should not be applied to the LHS transformation and only applicable to the RHS applied data if local components information is intended as specified in the Condition Type specification Basic nodal DOF choices The following table specifies the nodal DOF as well as the state of the material properties These properties are all stored at the nodes The stresses are calculated from the element integration locations and extrapolated to the nodal position Field quantity Displacement Dx Dy Dz are included in the nodal dof freedom These are the dependent unknown variables in the FE continuum problem Velocity Vx Vy Vz these are sometimes included in the unknown dof At other time they are implicitly calculated from the incremental dof Temperature The temper
60. e node number is also shown graphically next to the node s position for easy inspection If the user assign the mouse to other pointing function such as rotation the inquirer becomes inactive sleep mode It can be activated again with the Activate inquirer button When there are element based results available the Result box will show the result closest to the cursor position usually at the corner node area Note that element based results could be discontinuous across the element boundary as compared with node based results that are shared across the element connecting to that node Typically these element based results are at the integration location without any additional extrapolation For beam rod element the result type is their end forces local forces and moments For shell element the results are 75 AMPView Reference Manual their nodal end forces global forces and moments and the closest integration point result for the shell s front and back face When contouring the result using the default Contour Type option the shell s mid plane results are shown Using this element inquiry option will allow you to see the results of the front and the backsides of shell element analysis FE Elem Inquirer Available Result Type ChangeTime Step al sig_x 9 Elem Number Connectivity Modes pu fas 40 350 41 42 264 340 262 261 Result node 206 back 58 238 font 36 0565 Inquirer Time Plot The FE Inquirer is also used to pr
61. e one have been created in the condition Type page lt is displayed here for information purpose The Model gt Condition gt Surface Contact gt New Type Value This will create a new Type Name and save the current data entered this page into the condition new Type Name condition set This is a quick way of creating a new Type Name if the user has not created a new Type Name in the previous Type page The Model gt Condition gt Surface Contact gt Update This will save the entered data and updates the database of the current active Type Name as shown in the Name field 57 AMPView Reference Manual The Model gt Condition gt Surface Contact gt Selected geometry defines contact boundary This defines the selected geometry as the contact surface In 2D analysis the contact geometry can be geometry side element side analytical geometric line or planes In 3D this includes geometry surface element face or analytical geometric plane These contact surface are used for penetration or sliding checking Note that to be more efficient not all nodes are checked against these contact surfaces Only nodes specified as contact nodes are checked By default the nodes associated with the contact surface are also defined as nodes to be checked for contact Note that once a geometry side face is define as a contact boundary it will be used as a potential contact target in all other contact checking even they are notina same set The Model gt Condition
62. e usr supplied load rotuine The data array will be passed into the user function for calculations ltem Value Curent Values U 1 select to edit 1 2 lt Delete Selected Delete All Entries fea 04 EdgeEdges_4t0 0 1 1 G UserNodal sum 0 1 0 Prev Next These user load data are stored in an array as defined in the list box The array has the index range from zero to index n If any one of the index data is missing it is considered to be zero In such case the whole data array is expanded and stored in the model so during runtime they are retrieved and passed to the user routines For more details of the user defined load boundary condition please refer to AMPS User Application Interface Reference Manual The Model gt Condition gt UserDefinedLoad gt Name This name is the same as the one have been created in the condition Type page It is displayed here for information purpose 62 AMPView The Model gt Condition gt UserDefinedLoad gt New Type Value This will create a new Type Name and save the current data entered this page into the condition new Type Name condition set This is a quick way of creating a new Type Name if the user has not created a new Type Name in the previous Type page The Model gt Condition gt UserDefinedLoad gt Update This will save the entered data and updates the database of the current active Type Name as shown in the Name field The OverSet Condition The OverSet boundary condit
63. ead of those computed for geometric compatibility fi The ratio of the slave DOF to the master DOF ts T Apply timestep factor to Tie glue T Apply transformation to the slave geometry before processing tie constraint V 2 l T 7 7 Rotation Angle lin Translation peca ean Y Rotation Origin 10 0 I Rotational Axis is p Mo E positive Rotation Axis NENE 04 EdgeEdges 4t0 0 1 1 G4TieAl ae Prev Next Tie Glue condition is often used to connect two separate geometric objects together This is done by specifying a master geometric entity along with one or multiple slave geometry objects to be tied glued In 2D analysis the tie geometry can be geometry side element side or node and in 3D analysis it can be geometry surface element face side or nodes Only one master geometry per Tie Glue condition can be used and the rest of the geometric objects are then tied to the master geometry based on the geometric compatibility or an optional user tie factor Note that if initially these objects are not in contact the tie glue condition will not be established and will be ignored If there are any initial contact penetration detected the relative geometric ratio will be preserved by the tie glue constraint Also unlike the contact condition the definition of the master slave geometry will be valid in the current set only and will not influence other tie glue condition The Model gt Condition gt Tie Glue gt
64. ection 1 Direction 2 Direction 3 dispx idispy dispz E Lancel This dialog box allows the user to enter the vector components necessary to construct a user specified vector display Three pull down lists are available to select each vector component If the vector component in the 3 global Z direction is not necessary or not meaningful the check box Neglect Direction 3 check box should be checked For each node an vector arrow will show the relative magnitude of the specified vector Neglect Direction 3 treat as zero Deformation The Results Deformation Display Menu This allows the user to choose to include change of shape calculated by the solver Results Finite Element View Display Options Window Select Time Step Mode E al Contour Display K gt E Sy Vector Display K Deformation K Show Displacement User Results Show UndeFormed Set Scale w Auto Scale Animate FE Inquirer Time Step Animate Fig 5 2 The Model Result Deformation Page Model Result gt Deformation gt Show displacement This will display the deformed shape of the solid If the Auto Scale is on the deformation scale is automatically computed such that they will show visible change on the screen Model Result gt Deformation gt Show undeformed This shows the finite element model on the original solid Model Result gt Deformation gt Set Scale The user can change the scaling factor at any time A defor
65. ed Selection Model Results Finite Element View Display Geometric FE Select FE Select K Geometry Entity Select Geometry Entity Analvtical Geometry K Select Entity By Window Selection Filter Pelete selected Entity Translate Selected Entity Unselect All Rotate Selected Entity T Fig 3 4 Geometry Entity Selection mode Selection gt Geometry Entity gt Select Entity by Window AMPView Reference Manual The user drags a rectangle window to enclose the required entities on the screen The selection window will show up as soon as the mouse left button is pressed and the mouse is dragged Selection gt Geometry Entity gt Delete Selected Entity This will deleted the selected geometric object Selection gt Geometry Entity gt Translate Selected Entity This will translate the selected geometric object The use of this function is basically to move a geometric entity such as annotation text from one position to another Selection gt Geometry Entity gt Rotate Selected Entity This will rotate the selected geometric object about its local axes Selection gt UnSelectAll This unselects the current FE or geometric entities selected Geometric Entities conversion to FE geometry The geometric Entities form the Solid Model can be used to select Element faces sides and or nodes The FE quantities corresponding to these geometric entities Surfaces edges and vertices are then used to specify FE geometry for Boundary Conditions as
66. ed there is the provision to add an Acceleration Gravitational Field Defining the starting and ending times of such a scaling may scale the applied accelerations Provisions are made for additional time step to scale the accelerations and there is no limit to the number of the intermediate scaling factor sets The Model System Reference Frame Controls The Reference Frame Controls in the following Menu AMPView Reference Manual System 5heet System Controls Solution Controls Inertia Effect Reference Frame Adaptivity Controls l Use Rotating Reference Frame Formulation for Centrifugal and Coriolis Spinning Effects Dir TDI EO RII Center of Rotation e E CI Axis of Rotation pa W P de Si T SN jo M Include Centrifugal Effects evolution minute Ie Include Coriolis Effect Optional Revolution Factor Controls Time Step Revolution Scale Factor Start o o End lt Addilipdate lt Addilipdate Optional Intermediate Revolution Factor lt Delete Selected select to edit Lancel Help Fig 4 5 The Model gt System gt Reference Frame RET When the model is spinning about a certain axis and the interest of the analysis is in the behavior relative to this rotational frame it is easier to solve the problem by attach the frame of reference to the model The Rotation Reference method is one of the most commonly used methods for this type of spinning motion analysis When the Rotational Reference Fra
67. either a single or multiple animation cycle capturing 71 AMPView Reference Manual Saye AYI Options Change Filename Filename postbuck awi Folder H ampeqagafront f U Frames per Second ENGIES Cancel The AVI format contains a wide spectrum of compression methods pending on the installed AVI COM tools on the Windows system Usually the Microsoft Video 1 75 compression is a reliable choice User Result Type User Results SAGE Result Finite Element View Display Options Window Help Select TimeStep Mode amy ha or le Si Aal E Contour Display Vector Display Deformation User Results User Defined Result Type User Mormal 5hear by Direction FE Inquirer 7 Delete User Result This menu provides tools to create additional results that the user may create from the current available results The User Defined Result Type allows a symbolic math type operation on the existing result variables The Normal Shear by Direction allows the user to create stress result on a specific direction so they cab be used for additional contouring or inquiry purpose Once the additional results are created they will be in the active section till the user deletes it from the memory by using the Delete User Result menu Customized User Result Type This option allows the generation of a new user defined result type by specifying a mathematical expression of how to compute the value from
68. em gt lteration Control gt Optional Result Output Interval Controls Normally the processor will write a result data set for each successful time step increment for AMP View to display the results Sometimes when the time increment is very small as in the case of transient dynamic analysis it is very desirable not to perform the result output per step increment but only to do so after couple more steps This button provides a way to specify the output interval controls In such case the processor will only write out the results for AMPView only after the time step increment reaches the specified count Model gt System gt Solution Control gt Restrart Initialize from result file Suppress restart support Neglect Restart File Time Setting By checking this box the user can specify a restart analysis from a previous finished analysis if the restart file rs is available The user can also suppress the writing of the restart information if the available disk space is limited or the restart ability is not desired If the Neglect Restart File Time Setting is set when the restart file is read the processor will ignore the analysis time stored in the restart file The Model System Inertia Effects The Inertia effects are specified in the following Menu AMPView System 5heet Fig 4 5 The Model gt System gt Inertia Effect page The user specifies the inclusion of the Mass Effects by means of a checked box If the inertia effect is includ
69. en implemented as icons Their purpose and function are explained below As usual all clicking is done with the left mouse cursor Also as the standard of the Windows application these icons can be dragged and placed to any user desired position This is usually necessary if you have a very small screen or working on a notebook with limited screen size To move these icon base just drag the frame containing the icon to the desired position If you drag these icon bars away from AMPView s border position they become floating icon bar and can be placed on any screen position to increase the working window size To move these icon bar back simply drag them back to any border and dock them File Menu The File Menu The file menu is shown below File Selection Model Results Finite Close Save Chrl 5 Save AS Analyze Model Read Latest Results Read Update Result K Copy Screen to Clipboard Alt E Print Ctrl F Print_Preview Print Setup 1 sco dat Z gear dat Exit The current version of AMPView is designed to handle a single model but can have multiple views for model display This is due to the internal animation control design If the user desires to view a different model the current model will need to close and the new model opened or to activate another instance of AMPView and examine the new model there File gt Close Save Save As These sub menus follow the usual Windows functions The mesh data is read in by open
70. ess gt Setting gt Directoin a b vector General anisotropic material with material axes a b and c data can be entered here The orientation of the main material axis a vector direction must be entered followed by the material axis b vector direction The a and b axis vectors now define the material ab plane formed by this two vectors The third material axis direction c is indicated by the normal direction of this plane ab If vector b is not perfectly orthogonal to the a axis it will be adjusted during the AMPSol solution calculations so it will be normal to both axis a and the internally computed normal c axis The 2D orthotropic material following exactly the same definition as the 3D anisotropic material axis orientation and the user has to enter a meaningful vector a and b direction in the global XY plane For shell material in the 3 dimensional space the vector a direction as entered will be projected to the shell surface to indicate the shell orthotropic major axis a direction If the a axis projection is zero e g happen to be in the shell s normal direction the 2nd orthogonal axis b is then used to project to the shell and to indicate the 2nd orthotropic direction Using this method all 2d 3d shell anisotropic material definition can be shortened into this simple consistent dialog for material definition Model gt Define gt Stress gt Setting gt Young Modulus Poisson s Ratio Shear Modulus
71. etry gt New This will add the current Graphic selection s to the next available Geometry Condition Index and create a new Geometry Name The geometry condition is usually created by first specifying the geometric selection using any of the graphic selection tools and then click on this button to store the selected geometric items into the geometry condition selection Model gt Condition gt Geometry gt Update Save Delete The update save button is used to update the graphic selection associated with the Geometry Name The delete button will delete the current Geometry Name and the associated data Model gt Condition gt Geometry gt Add Selection to Geom This will add the current graphic selection s to the current geometry name index This is usually used to add more geometry items to the existing geometry name due to some situation that not all geometry can be easily selected in one time e g multiple internal faces selection for contact glue boundary condition since they are originally invisible unless some elements are temporarily hidden for internal faces selection 43 AMPView Reference Manual Model gt Condition gt Geometry gt Remove from Curr Geom This will remove the current graphic selection s from the current geometry name index Model gt Condition gt Geometry gt BC Geometry Item Information This area describes the details of the geometric entity in the geometry set The details of each item will appear in the Selected Typ
72. f 0 1 will request the program to use only 1 10 of the computed penalty value Usually if a value is too low some slight penetration could be observed A higher value usually will have a better result but at the cost of more numerical iterations and lead to possible instability if the penalty value is too high The Model gt Condition gt Surface Contact gt Thermal Contact When checked thermal contact checking is activated The thermal continuity is enforced through the contacting face if solid deformation contact is detected Optionally since the contact friction will generate thermal energy and becomes a heat source a frictional energy to thermal energy conversion constant can be supplied to take into this consideration Since the contact formulation is based on the numerical penalty method the penalty value is automatically chosen if the Penalty Coefficient is left to be zero In such case the penalty value is automatically computed based on the solid s conductivity and it is about 5 magnitude higher than the maximum conductivity detected However it is sometimes necessary to specify a more suitable weight penalty in numerical calculation and it should be entered here The Model gt Condition gt Surface Contact gt Apply Movement to Geometry Time Scale Motion Control if movable When the geometry condition specified is an auxiliary analytical geometry with possible movement control this option will control the time scaled motion of the
73. fective plastic strain computed Model gt Define gt ElementBehavior gt Plastic Hardening Factor This factor B controls the kinematic Bauschinger hardening effect in the cyclic loading behavior The effective yield stress is computed from Oy Oyo 1 8 H e where is the initial yield stress e is the accumulated effective plastic strain computed and H is the isotropic hardening modulus When B 0 the kinematic hardening effect is excluded and when f 1 the full kinematic effect is applied Model gt Define gt Element Behavior gt Nonlinear Multiplier Index This index allows the control of the material data to be dependent on the available system variables such as time or stress or strain etc For further information see the nonlinear property multiplier dialog session Model gt Define gt ElementBehavior gt Beam Rod Section Properties This button will show a control menu to set the cross section property specification menu The data are only necessary if the material properties are dealing with either beam or rod truss elements Model gt Define gt ElementBehavior gt Anisotropic Orthotropic Material Specify the anisotropic material s property is active To specify the material s anisotropy click the Setting button to define the material data Model gt Define gt ElementBehavior gt With Creep Effect thermal elasto plastic When this option is checked the thermal elasto plastic creep strain is computed based on the power cree
74. fined selected graphically This is followed by appropriate selection of the type of condition that is to be attached to it Finally the nonlinear version is controlled by increments in time Static incremental loading is controlled in pseudo time steps Previously defined data can be edited and reviewed graphically AMPSol RESULT This controls the post processing of data from a AMPSol Analysis The user selects the type of data to be plotted The display can be in deformed or undeformed mode including animation Finally the user may slice the solid to view internal elements This menu also includes an FE inquirer that is a feature for inquiring and plotting values and or time history at a particular node Finite Element This is the detailed control of display grouping create delete and import renumbering of finite element and nodes View This menu controls the nitty gritty of graphic display such as zooming background colors lighting and etc Display This also controls the details of the view The type of projection and the handedness of the axis Options This controls the F E details of the display The user may specify nodes or element faces edges and other similar details AMPView 9 Windows This gives the usual Windows controls as well as the display of toolbars and status bars 10 Help This provides the user with this document online as well as context sensitive help that is menu dependent Some of the menu items have be
75. first one select the type of contour display option and the second one remove the contour display The 3 one presents a dialog box for vector result plotting control and the 4 one remove the vector result display For animation the camcorder icon the 5 one will animate the current result with an animation controls The last camcorder icon is for multi step result display control Cut Plane Toolbar El Cutting Plane Bar These are the transparent cutting plane control icons The first three icons activate a cutting plane insertion operation in the predefined YZ XZ and XY planes When the cutting plane is active the user can drag the cutting plane translation handle to move the cutting plane and to rotate the rotational handle to rotate the plane To remove the cutting plane click the corresponding active cutting plane icon 90 AMPView Cutting Plane plane ps Y E Direction fo jo Location fo a jo Update Plane ler Lancel For precise cutting plane placement an additional cutting plane placement control can be activated by clicking the last cutting plane icon to manually input the cutting plane s normal direction and an origin of the cutting plane Help Menu The Help Menu This allows the opening of the online Users manual or a brief description of the AMPView Program Help Help Topics i About Sageview Fig 10 1 The Help Menu Help gt Help Topics This will bring up the on line reference hel
76. g only the updated Lagrangian formulation is supported when ALE method is activated The processor will automatically relocate the Eulerian fluid node based on the Lagrangian solid elements nodal movement and will try to smooth out the distortion as much as possible In ALE analysis the Eulerian variables results are spatially mapped into the newly relocated node position and all associated nodal and element variables are carried forward for the subsequent analysis step Optional controls for the ALE method are the step interval for the ALE processing and the meshing adjustment and smoothing controls Model gt System gt Controls gt Enable Multi CPU Treading This will take advantage of multiple CPU s if they are present AMPSol FE processor is capable of initiating multithread processing whenever possible during the analysis and the use of the threading will take advantage of the SMP feature of operation systems NT and Windows 2000 that support multiple CPU s Model gt System gt Controls gt Available No of Processors For multiple CPU machine this will show the current count of CPU s By specifying a number other than the default value the user can limit the no of CPU s to be used in the multi thread tasks AMPView Reference Manual This section gathers the possible execution options that affect the whole analysis Acceleration Globally applied acceleration field subject to time scale if it is specified Wave Frontal JPCG Iterati
77. gen problem is Kt AM 0 where Kt is the system tangent stiffness matrix For the in situ instability buckling analysis the generalized eigen problem is Kt AKs 0 where Ks is the stress stiffness matrix based on the finished state Dynamic Frequency Response High Frequency Analysis This specifies a frequency domain steady state solution is desired Explicit Dynamic Analysis Use Explicit Central Difference Method as the transient dynamic analysis method rather than the default implicit method AMPView Model gt System gt Controls gt Solution Controls gt Eigenvalue Analysis Specific No of Modes The user specifies the number of eigen modes to be computed All eigen analysis will have their eigen modes and eigen values result recorded in the eigen solution file with filename extension eig Model gt System gt Controls gt Dimension gt 3D 2D Plane Strain 2D plane Stress 112 2D axisymmetric This specifies the geometric dimension of the analysis Note that for 2D analysis only the first two coordinates of the nodal position data will be used Effectively the model should only be construct on XY plane if 2D analysis is desired In the axisymmetric analysis the first coordinate is the radial dimension Model gt System gt Controls gt Geometry Reference Frame Formulation gt Small Strain Total Lagrangian Formulation Updated Lagrangian Formulation If small strain is used the program will use only the small deformation linear
78. geometry using the time index specified This is best used to specify contact situation such as a moving contact boundary such as squeezing crushing of a solid in a mold pressing simulation Note that the default time index control in the combined condition will control all other parameters except the penalty coefficient 58 AMPView The Model gt Condition gt Surface Contact gt Skip other contact geometry set faster check In large problems a quick proximity check is first performed for contact penetration test The user can help speed up this process by putting contact boundary conditions in different sets so the checking can be accelerated if this skip other contact geometry set check box is selected The default setting is to perform the contact checking unless this check box is active The Model Condition Tie Glue Condition The Tie Glue value page is specific for Tie Glue boundary conditions Condition Sheet Condition Geometry Time Type Tis Glue Name G4 Tell N ew Type value Update The first geometric selection i the master surtace side node and the rest of the selections are to be ted glued to the master geometry The master geometry i defined in geometry selection item 0 as first o 4 Tie all active DOF s default Sold Continuum Cisp Aotation or Fluid Flow Velocityyorticity Pressure Tie Glue FP Dirt YF Dre F Dio FT Rott T Rot2 Rot 3 Pressure Thermal Electro o Magnetic Use specified factor inst
79. gt Surface Contact gt Examine selections associated nodes for contact This specifies that the nodes associated with the geometry selected are to be checked for contact penetration In certain situations it is necessary to specify additional nodes that are not associated with contact surface but they should be checked against other contacting surface by using this assignment Unless the contact surface will curl back and potentially penetrate contact itself it is not necessary to include the contact surface s nodes for contact checking The default flag is to check this for self contact The Model gt Condition gt Surface Contact gt Solid Continuum Contact When checked solid contact detection is activated The friction coefficient is used to calculate the friction force from the normal force between the contacting surfaces Since the contact formulation is based on the numerical penalty method the penalty value is automatically chosen if the Penalty Coefficient is left to be zero In such case the penalty value is automatically computed based on the solid s stiffness at the point of the contact It is usually is a value about 3 magnitude higher than the maximum stiffness detected However if it becomes necessary to specify a more suitable weight penalty in numerical calculations it should be entered here If the penalty coefficient is a non zero value it refers to the relative magnitude to the default computed value For example enter a value o
80. h Method Riks Method C Crishield s Method Minimum Load Decrease Factor After an UnSuccesstul Arc Step defanlt 0 001 0 001 Desired Deformation Increment ero for Computed from the Initial Load o Maxinun Deformation Increment Size zero for default of 5 Computed o Minimun Deformation Increment Size zero for default of 0 001 Computed o Normally specifying arc length control for a loading type and use the default setting will perform well enough However in a very nonlinear problem additional settings can be achieved to control of the arc length marching method Arc Length Method The default is the Rik s method Alternatively the Crisfield s method is also available In the Crisfield arc length dual solution path is possible and a forward marching algorithm is used For details about both methods see A Fast Incremental lterative Solution Procedure That Handles Snap Through M A Crisfield IINME 1981 pp 55 62 Maximum Load Increase Factor After a Successful Arc Marching Step default 3 0 After a successful arc length load increase and iteration is successful the next load increment is taken computed based on the ratio of the iteration error norm and the desired error norm The next arc length load increment size is computed from this estimated load multiplier based on the specified initial load magnitude This maximum increase load factor will limit the amount 49 AMPView Reference Manual load to be applie
81. he USRAPP interface routine Detailed of this user interface application can be found in the AMPS User Application Interface Reference Manual User Defined Plasticity Material Fro general plasticity AMPS provides a quick way for the user to define a user defined plasticity material model Instead of writing a full constitutive material model the user can just supply the plastic yield function and the flow rule flow function Usually the yield and flow rule are the same for metal and non associated flow rules are used for britle and geological materials When the user selects the user defined plasticity model additional plasticity property data can be stored in AMPView and later pass to the user supplied routines during program excution 39 AMPView Reference Manual This dialog box is used to store such property array data in the model For more details please refer to AMPS User Application Interface Reference Manual User Defined Maternal Property x Enter the data required by the user plasticity fucnition T heu will K be passed into the user plasticity function as the data array ker Value En a i SI Delete Selected Delete AllEntries All Entries MS unemmpose the veer material model with the active matenall made Material model and data The material type is defined in the input file dat file is specified by first defining the type index field1 field2 The field variables refer to the paramete
82. ic sub stepping uses the incremental creep strain computed and automatically decreases or increases the step size to achieve the time step creep strain calculation based on the request accuracy The equal sub stepping method uses the specified sub step size to compute the creep strain Since the creep strain rate is not always equal in all time steps it is suggested to use the automatic sub stepping to control the sub step size automatically Model gt Define gt Stress gt Setting gt Auto Max SubSteps Equal SubSteps This is maximum sub steps that the automatic stepping algorithm is allowed to take or the total sub steps that the manual equally sub stepping controls Model gt Define gt Stress gt Setting gt Max Iterations per SubStep This is maximum iteration allowed for the nonlinear creep strain calculation Model gt Define gt Stress gt Setting gt Creep Strain Time Step Integration Control This is the Euler integration parameter It s value must be between 0 0 and 1 0 When this parameter is 0 0 the elasto plasto thermo strain is computed based on the previous step 34 AMPView value i e an explicit approach When it is 1 0 it becomes an implicit method assuming the full projected strain based on the previous step The default setting is 0 5 Model gt Define gt Stress gt Setting gt Error Tolerance for Stress and Strain This is the error tolerance setting for each sub step stress and strain calculations Model gt Define gt Stress gt Se
83. ical Plane Geometry Analytical geometry plane is defined by using a point and a plane normal vector The plane passes through this point with a normal direction as specified When a plane is used as the auxiliary geometry for contact analysis the contacting side must be defined by selecting either the side along the normal direction or the reverse side The plane can also move in the time step analysis along this normal direction by using time movement scaling index In such case the plane moves laterally and the movement magnitude is controlled by the time scaling factor AMPView Reference Manual Selection Filter Selection gt Selection Filter Pick Selection Filter Status E Pick ico lor SIG Seto Pick Depth Filter fil RESET Cancel The selection filter is usually used to select the face that is hidden under another face or faces It is usually useful turn on the Display UseTransparency when this option is activated to confirm the internal face selection The Model Menu The Model Menu This menu allows the user to specify all the system controls material properties and boundary conditions for a F E Analysis The top sub menus are shown in Fig 4 1 The AMPSol solvers share the AMPView database so their input are defined seamlessly by the AMPView menus In developing the AMPSolid and AMPView GUIS the developers had an objective of allowing the user to perform visual analysis where an FE Analysis is carried out interacti
84. ids Grids are used to display objects such as cutting planes Text Text strings Cutting Planes The switch toggles the cut plane filler visibility Cutting Lines The cutting plane creates a cutting lines when it cuts across the elements This option toggles the cutting line display Cutting Plane Geometry This option toggle the visibility of the transparent cut plane image Hidden Lines Toggle the hidden line display option Option Render Mode Options gt Render Mode This allows the user to select the type of rendering Options Window Help Geometry Test Selection Level Wisibilty ELS Aa 2 n Render blode K M iretrame Flat Shaded Gouraud Shaded Phong Shaded Hidden Line Color Interpolation K Fig 8 3 The Options Render Mode Menu 85 AMPView Reference Manual Wireframe display only the element sides Flat shaded this is the default option of shading for F E display Although more complex shading options such as Gouraud Phong shading can be used flat shading represent the discrete nature of element surface best Gouraud Shaded This is an option for a geometry object rendering Phong Shaded Another option for geometry object rendering Hidden Line display only hidden lines Color Interpolation this option allows changing the coloring algorithm For finite element objects the color setting is completely automatic and this option does not affect all F E display except for imported geometry objects such
85. in an increasing order To modify the data move the mouse cursor into the data display area and click on the desired data to modify The entry s values will be retrieved into the current editing entry area for modifications To delete an undesirable item simple choose the item and press the Delete Selected button The Delete All Entries button will clear all data entries 22 AMPView Timestep Dependent Data Control ca lt Add Update n O lt Delete Selected Delete All Entries All Entrez Model Define Menu Solution TimeStep Increment Size Controls E EE Increment Size The Model Define Properties Menu The Model gt Define gt Element Properties Menu is shown below To use this define operation the user starts by selecting the geometry to be defined then create change the appropriate material index and name then assign the element behaviors by selecting the proper Constitutive Behavior check boxes Additional pages will appear when new Constitutive Behavior is used for entering the actual material data Define Sheet Material id 1 E Element Properties Shesz Material Indes Mat ID I New MatiD with Selected Geometry Delete Material Indes Name uses 1 Update Mat ID add Selected Geometry Undefine Geometry for Mat D Constitutive Behavior Integration Control Element Default C Gaussian Scheme B Bar with C Lobatto Scheme Hourglass C Reduced Control
86. inear Multiplier Index This index allows the control of the material data to be dependent on the available system variables such as time or stress or strain etc For further information see the nonlinear property multiplier dialog session Model gt Define gt Element Behavior gt Anisotropic Orthotropic Material 29 AMPView Reference Manual Specify the anisotropic material s property is active To specify the material s anisotropy click the Setting button to define the material data Please note that anisotropic thermal material property only apply to thermal continuum not to the fluid material properties The Model Define Element Behavior Electro Magneto Menu Define Sheet Material id 1 E Element Properties Stress ThemoFluid 9 ElectraMagneta Edit Nonlinear Multiplier Data Monlinear Multiplier Index Electric Conductivity Dielectricity i o Yolumetrc Charge Density Dielectric Analysis only E T Piezoelectrical Material nisotropics Urthotrapic Electric Material Ani ic Orthotropic Electric Material Electric Joule Heating to Thermal Energy a Conversion Factor Conductive Analysis Only Magnetic Permeability o o MatlD Name 1 AIN Previous Next Mat ID Model gt Define gt ElementBehavior gt Electric Conductivity Dielectricity Depending on the system control setting this specifies either the electrical conductivity for conductive analysis or the absolute dielectric property for the
87. ing with Mohr Coulomb Plastic Cohesion o o Friction Angle C Incompressible Mooney Rivlin Strain const C1 o lo TAT Fig 4 7 The Model gt Define gt Element Behavior page Model gt Define gt Element Behavior gt Material Property Index This index is the number assigned to the material index This index can be changed by directly entering an index number or by pull down the dropdown list If available and select one from the list Model gt Define gt Element Behavior gt Add Apply Update Delete Material Index The desired material index is selected from the dropdown list or by entering it at the editable index space After entering all associated information clicking the Apply Update button will update the material information of the material index selected If add option is used a new index is created by adding one to the highest existing material index and then the data entered are then saved The delete button can be used to delete unused material index type and the associated material data Model gt Define gt Element Behavior gt Constitutive Behavior gt lsotropic Elastic This specifies an isotropic elastic property Model gt Define gt Element Behavior gt Constitutive Behavior gt von Mises Plastic This specifies the metal Von Mises plastic behavior The isotropic hardening and or kinematic hardening options can be used together with this plastic material model Model gt Define gt Element Behavior gt Cons
88. ing the appropriate dat file generated from the solid model in AMPSolid Analyze Model File gt Analyze Model This starts the AMPSol F E analysis of the current model Any edited files that will be used here should be saved It is suggested after the AMPSol F E analysis is finish the user examines the analysis log to check for possible analysis warning or error It is also suggested to close the AMPSol analysis widow to conserve memory usage AMPView Reference Manual Read AMPSol Result File gt Read Latest Result This instructs the program to read in the AMPSol results from an analysis in preparation for post processing of the AMPSol Results For an analysis contains several time steps it is not necessary to wait for the analysis to finish Instead as soon as a step result is finished from the AMPSol analysis windows clicking this button will read the existing finished step results If the analysis is of eigen analysis types such as modal or buckling analysis then a separate result file can be read to for eigen mode examination File gt Read AMPSol Result This menu is for precise reading of the result for either the standard output file or to alternatively read in the modal buckling or eigen analysis result File gt Copy to Clipboard This copies the current scene image into the Windows clipboard area as a standard clipboard meta file The user can then insert this into other application if they accept the standard clipb
89. ion based on the geometry selected Contact can only be specified on the boundary of the model In 2D analysis the contact geometry can be geometry side element side analytical geometric line or planes In 3D this includes geometry surface element face or analytical geometric plane Possible contact parameters for stress and thermal setting must be entered in the surface contact value page Model gt Condition gt Type gt Constraint Equation This specifies a constraint equation condition among the selected nodal geometry The constraint equation condition can only be applied to finite element nodes or geometry vertices Details controls can be found in the Constraint Equation setup page Model gt Condition gt Type gt OverSet VOF This specifies an advanced boundary condition when a finite element group OverSet Entity is moving across another finite element group OverSet Domain The user must specify the OverSet type and select the proper geometry association It can also be used as the traditional VOF volume of the fluid method specification for applications such as bubbling in water In such case the air bubble is the OverSet Entity and the water is the OverSet Domain Model gt Condition gt Type gt Point Force Source This selection is to apply a RHS nodal value This is normally used to apply nodal forces nodal heat flow current etc Depending on the geometric dimension of analysis either 3 3D or 2 2D magnitude values must be e
90. ion is an advanced condition set that is mainly used for large deformation motion such as bullet penetrating through air or bubble rising in a pond type application In such cases a finite element group OverSet Entity is moving across another finite element group OverSet Domain The user must specify the OverSet type and select the proper geometry association It can also be used as the traditional VOF volume of the fluid method specification for applications such as bubbling in water In such case the air bubble is the OverSet Entity and the water is the OverSet Domain The problem is extremely nonlinear due to the geometric constraint and fluid solid interaction on the interface To use this feature please contact technical support for further assistance Condition Sheet Condition Geometry Time Type Uverset VOF Mame G4 Overset Domar Hen per ale Update The selected geometric must define the overset dorian or the overset entities The overset entities ts defined as elements that are moving across the overset domain The current geometry selections specify C Overset Entities ener 50 E daet dues 4t0 0 1 1 G4 0versetDomain 9 Prev Next The Model gt Condition gt OverSet VOF gt Name This name is the same as the one have been created in the condition Type page It is displayed here for information purpose The Model gt Condition gt OverSet VOF gt New Type Value 63 AMPView Reference Manual This wil
91. is file is the model file lt contains the model data created in AMPView The user is also advised to create a different file for each mesh The previously defined data can be copied by saving the original file in the new name AMPView 6 The out file This stores the result of the FE analysis with the AMPSol Solvers lt is created in the solvers but also used in AMPView for post processing The results are stored at the nodes 7 The rs file This file is created for restart analysis At the end of an analysis the program stores the state of the program for later restart analysis Selection Menu The Selection Menu The selection menu gives two ways to pick the finite element entities The first selects the FE entities by choosing solid model entities The second selects FE entities directly The first method gives the user flexibility in altering the mesh without having to change the other model data All selections are indicated by a change in color of the entities changed The menu is shown below Selection Model Results Geometric FE Select FE Select K Geometry Entity E Analytical Geometry K Selection Filter Linselect All All selection implementation inside AMPView follows the Windows selection guideline as commonly used in most Windows application To add an item to the selection list hold the SHIFT key while clicking the left mouse button on the object To toggle the selected item in the current selection list ho
92. it exist for the selected geometry This is usually useful when trying to specify a directional load deformation velocity magnitude on non global oriented direction In such case the user can first define a local coordinate system see Nodal Local Coordinate System Controls then check this box to inform the program that the magnitude refers to the local axis directions Model gt Condition gt Type gt Trace Load Multiplier Using Arc Length Control From Initial RHS 48 AMPView Load Softening Disp This specifies an arc length control loading scheme for the Applied RHS terms When this is activated the time step function no longer controls the RHS applied load In stead the program will automatic increases or decreases the load multiplier as is required for the time step solution This is usually necessary for models that contain softening point such that a fixed load will generate no solution or cause the program to diverge since the system can not withstand the applied load The result from the analysis will be given in the output along with the load multiplier as the result instead of the time step value Additional controls of the arc length method can be set in the Arc Length dialog entries For details refer to the Additional Arc Length Controls section Additional Arc Length Controls Additional Arc Length Controls E Cancel Maxinun Load Increase Factor After a Successtul Arc Marching Step default 3 0 3 Arc Lengt
93. ite Element View Display Options Window Help Select TimeStep Mode Contour Display 7 es DEIS Aa a Show Update velocity vector Vector Display by Components Vector Display Weianmmatian User Results Remove Vector Display l Set Scale FELT maine Fig 5 1 The Model result Vector Display Menu Model Result gt Vector Display gt Show Update Velocity Vector This allows the user to display results containing velocity information Model Result gt Vector Display gt Vector Display by Component It is sometimes convenient to display the result in the flow vector format even there is no velocity result available This menu allows you to specify each vector component and to perform an arrow vector display For each node an flow vector arrow will show the relative magnitude of the flow magnitude Model Result gt Vector Display gt Remove Vector Display Clicking this menu will remove vector arrow display from the screen Model Result gt Vector Display gt Set Scale This menu allows the user to set the scale of the vector arrow length Normally the longest vector arrow is about 5 of the screen size and this vector size is interpreted as the unit length of the vector arrow display The program will apply the scaling to this unit vector length if it set 69 AMPView Reference Manual Vector Display by Compoment User Specified Yector Display Components Please select the desired vector components from the existing results Dir
94. ities in two ways The first method is to allow selection by using the geometric entities of the solid model used to create the mesh in AMPSolid The second method uses the finite element entities to define the model for analysis The first method is the preferred method because it allows a full analysis model to be defined without tying it down directly to nodes and elements As a result the mesh for a particular solid model can be changed without requiring changes to the AMPView data file dat The AMPView features can be explained by looking at the top menu in Fig 1 1 AMPView Reference Manual a AMPYiew gear dat File Selection Model Results Finite Element View Display Options Window Help ea SSI Sla sale ejer eje e Aa Ball e lelea bala alma a gt Moving from left to right 1 2 File The file menu controls the import and or export of data as well as the usual opening and printing of data The AMPSol analyzers are run from this menu Selection Implements the actual selection of the Geometric and or F E data The user may choose to access elements and nodes in both groups as well as individual items AMPSol Allows the user to create data for the control of the F E Analysis specify boundary conditions under cursor control define material behavior through graphic selection and finally to create and update a material library The data definition follows a consistent pattern A geometric entity is first de
95. itude is plotted in scale in the local axis 2 or 3 direction as defined in the beam property orientation vector This is for easy identification of the result and to ensure the result display can be examined based on the relationship to the major minor axis orientation For axial or torsional result it is plot on the local axis 2 direction and Tor shear dir2 dir3 and for moment dir2 dir3 their magnitude variation will be plotted along the beam axis direction and in the corresponding 2 or 3 local axis direction Note that for all element based result you can also inquire each element s corner value using the ModelResult FE_Inquire by Element inquiry dialog to find out the exact value of each element When 2D beam element is used the result is also treated as a three dimensional beam and shown in the corresponding local 1 2 and 3 orientation The beam rod contour is shown with shaded plot drawn on the corresponding local axis direction Sometimes it is easier to turn of the shading and show only the outline if necessary In certain situation when the contour plot showing the relative magnitude is too small to observe the user can use the ModelResult Vector_Display Set_Scale to change the magnitude size The default ratio is one which will make the largest element result value shown as roughly corresponding to about 5 of the screen size Vector Display Vector Display This performs the post processing of the Model Solver results Results Fin
96. l create a new Type Name and save the current data entered this page into the condition new Type Name condition set This is a quick way of creating a new Type Name if the user has not created a new Type Name in the previous Type page The Model gt Condition gt OverSet VOF gt Update This will save the entered data and updates the database of the current active Type Name as shown in the Name field The Model gt Condition gt OverSet VOF gt Overset Domain OverSet Entities The user must specify whether the selected geometry is an OverSet Entity that moves across the OverSet Domain or the OverSet Domain that form the region that the OverSet Entity will move through Model Material Library Operations The Model Define Material Library Menu The Material library is created and maintained by this menu SagreView has a built in material library that is included in the original installation By default the name of the library is material lib The user can use this material library editor to create modify the library to tailor the material data Material Library Properties ES Material Lib Name Steel Add Update Material Save Material Data to File Delete Maternal Indes Import from Material Data File Units Youngs Modulus 30000000 Thermal Conductivity 0 000762 OOO o e fos Specific Heat Capacity iss o Mass Density 288 Absolute Temperature 456 Yield Stress 36000 T i pal EST Electrical Conductryvity i Mase Damping Coett 0 P
97. lace index iteme with Selection Finite Element gt FE Group Display gt Display Grouping The radio selection button selects the Node or Element type to control Finite Element gt FE Group Display gt HideSelected UnHideSelected ShowsSelectoinIinto UnHideAll 77 AMPView Reference Manual After making a graphic element or node selections clicking the hide button will automatic remove their s appearance or to show index info unhide the selected index group UnHideAll button can be used to show all hidden FE items Finite Element gt FE Group Display gt Add Update Save Delete After select the elements or nodes graphically clicking the Add button to add a new group to the database The index display will increase by one to show the index used in storing this display group The Update Save button will replace the current shown index group with the selected items Delete will delete the current database index Finite Element gt FE Group Display gt HideGroup UnHideGroup Hide or unhide display the element or node group items stored in the current database index Finite Element gt FE Group Display gt Show Selection Info Previous ltem Next Item If there are highlighted selected items clicking the Show Selection Info will display the total items in the selections their index value or element node Face Side index This is strictly for information purpose If there are more than one items selected clicking Previous or Next item bu
98. lastic Kinematic Factor 0 Isotropic Hardening H 3333330 Model gt Define gt Material Library gt Material Library Name The material data are entered here and must be given a name The material database is stored by the name Model gt Define gt Material Library gt Material Data The user may specify any of the material items Only data that will be used by a type of analysis needs to be specified here Note that this data is used as a lookup table in the AMPSol Define element behavior section 64 AMPView Model gt Define gt Material Library gt Apply UpdateMaterial Delete Material Index These options allows the material data to be created or edited Model gt Define gt Material Library gt Save material data to file This saves the up to date material library to the material lib file This is the file that is always used when AMPView look for a material information Model gt Define gt Material Library gt Import from Material Data File If the user has multiple material data file stored under different filename this utility will read the information stored on the file and then append them to the current material database Note that it should be save back to the material database file so the future AMPView session will automatically use the newly merged material database Result Menu The Results Menu This performs the post processing of the model results SAGE Result Finite Element vi Select Times Step Mode C
99. ld the CTRL Control key while clicking the left mouse button In this toggle mode an item in the selection list will be removed if it has already been selected or it will be added if it is not in the selection list If you click the left mouse button along the selection buffer is first cleared then the selected item is then added to the selection buffer The selection process as described is a very typical operation in all CAD CAE programs It is much easier to think of the selection as a state and there is a selection buffer associated with each state The selection is usually stored in the database index such as material index or boundary condition geometry index When you revisit the setting by selecting the geometry or material index the selected items stored are immediately recalled into the current selection buffer and highlighted You can then toggle the selection item to add remove from the current selection buffer and then save the modified selection The ability to recall store modify the selection items is very powerful especially when there are items in a complex model that are hidden and you can not see it or select it at one time When lots of geometry faces sides are hidden and you want to make a very complex selection for boundary condition geometry items or material definition you want to build up the selection items in Sequence You first select save the first item and store the selection in the geometry material index de
100. ltiple values must be entered in the multi list box corresponding to the variable and multiplier 2 Polynomial expansion This allow the multiplier to be computed as M V Co C V Co VA Ga VO Gu WI Where v is the dependent variable and M v is the multiplier function s value The coefficients are entered in the multi list box 3 Exponential expansion This allow the multiplier to be computed as M v Co YAP Where v is the dependent variable and M v is the multiplier function s value The coefficients are entered in the multi list box Beam Rod Section Properties Menu The sectional property menu is designed to specify all beam rod section properties and the optional member loading controls The main difference between beam and rod is the rigidity of bending associated with the rotational degree of freedom in beam Both beam and rod can be used in either 3D or 2D The beam element has three rotational and translational DOF s in 3D but only have two translational DOF s in 2D analysis and one rotational DOF rotation about 36 AMPView the Z axis The rod element has three translational DOF s in 3D and two in 2D both without any rotational DOF Beam Rod Section Properties Loads Cross Section Type User Defined Properties Circular Shape Cancel Rectangular Shape Tube Shape eee paek e For rod only section sizerarea data are necessary Enter zero Shape actor for no shear corection for deep beam Fl key fo
101. lysis step The sparse direct solver is the default selection as it uses the most up to date sparse matrix solution scheme In general Sparse direct solver should be used since there is no approximation involved The iterative sparse solver allows a solution speed up by a solution error tolerance control and can usually achieve a faster solution time AMPView The frontal direct solver utilizes the element by element assembly and factoring technology to reduce the memory needed for solving large problems and is provided as a backup to the sparse direct solver And for extremely large problem with limited memory constraint the element by element Jacobian Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient JPCG solver can be used since it uses a matrix free iteration method but is generally slower than the sparse iterative solver Model gt System gt lteration Control gt lterative Solver Controls Currently following methods are available for sparse iterative solver PCG Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient method BiCGSTAB BiConjugate Gradients Stabilized method MLBiCGSTAB a BICGSTAB variant based on Multiple Lanczos Starting Vectors TFQMR Transpose Free QMR Quasi Minimal Residual BGMRES Block General Minimal Residual These sparse iterative methods use an incomplete LU factorization matrix as the preconditioner for the iteration method Since all iterative solver techniques are sensitive to the condition of the equation being solved it should always be
102. m Edge Only Selection Filter Mode Only Unselect All a Fig 3 3 FE Select This selection selects the Finite Element entities directly Selection is made either with a cursor or by creation of an enclosing window Multiple entities are selected by depressing the Shift key for addition to the selection or the Ctrl key for toggle selection Selection gt FE Select gt Element Only Elem Face Only Elem Edge Only Node Only This allows the user to select according to one of the named F E entities The options can also be selected from the icons shown below elelee sl This defines the method of selection that will be used in the geometric entities such as text string cutting plane etc Finally to remove the current selection the user can just make a empty selection by clicking the mouse button on a window position away from the model or just click the last selection toolbar icon blue cube the cube without any highlight to remove all selection items Selection Geometry Entity This selection selects the associated geometry entities directly Selection is made either with a cursor or by creation of an enclosing window Multiple entities are selected by depressing the Shift key for addition to the selection or the Ctrl key for toggle selection Selection gt Geometry Entity gt Geometry Entity Geometry Entity This selects by using the cursor If there is a selectable geometric entity under the cursor it will be highlight
103. mal vector will lie on the plane formed by this locator position and the end points of the line If this option is not specified for shell normal pressure loading it is defaulted to be at location 0 0 0 For 3D line it is always necessary to set this locator position This option is not necessary for shell or line with global pressure loading since in such case the pressure components Px Py Pz are supplied by the user Model gt Condition gt Directional Value gt Geometry Follower By default all integrated condition types such as pressure flux are follower types if nonlinear geometric strains are used Currently all nodal values are not follower in nature that they are in the global direction sense As a result this check box is not necessary for nodal control but is reserved for future use For all distributed properties such as pressure or flux if large deformation either Update Lagrangian or Total Lagrangian is active the follower nature of the property is automatically activated The Model Condition Thermal Convective Radiative Page The thermal convective radiative value page is specific for thermal boundary conditions Condition Sheet Condition Geometry Time Type Convection Radiation Mame T4 Convect COTO Her TypesWalue Update Thermal Convection Values Convection Coett f e 3 Ambient Temp fo denle test EdgeEdges_4 t0 0 1 1 T4Convece COTO 9 Prev fed 99 AMPView Reference Manual Condition Sheet
104. mation scale control dialog will be show for setting Model Result gt Deformation gt Auto Scale When this flag is on the program will automatically scale the deformation pattern such that the displacement is scaled to about 5 of the screen size Deformation Animation 70 AMPView Model Result gt Deformation gt Animate Animate Scale 234 4 Frames per 5ec fro Frames per Cycle li 7 f Halt Sine Full Sine i Il Save ANI Cancel This animates deformation of the selected step result on a continuous basis The user can choose from a dialog box either to alter the scaling factor or to terminate the animation or to apply a full half sinusoidal variation of the deformation pattern for visual effect When the Full Sine option is used the current deformation will oscillate from scale factor of 1 to 1 while the default Half Sine option varies from 0 to 1 scaling This animation process is designed as a multi threaded task so the user can continue to do other graphic operations such as changing the color contour type or rotate the scene for a better view while this animation is on If the animation is too fast the user can limit the refresh rate Frame per Sec to a lower rate but the animation will not be as smooth The buttons lt lt lt gt gt gt gt are for animation fast backward backward pause play forward and fast forward correspondingly Clicking the pause button will activate other motion control buttons and
105. me is used the boundary conditions and the computed results are referred to the spinning reference frame with the specified rotational speed In the rotational reference frame formulation the acceleration of the continuum fluid is Ov Ot 2Qxv Qx Qx x dQ dt x x The symbols x and v are the position and velocity vectors with respect to this spinning reference frame and Q is the rotation axis vector Note that when large deformation effect is included the position vector refers to the updated position The term 202 x Y is the Coriolis acceleration effect and 2 x Q x x is the centrifugal acceleration effect Since the reframe of rotation is fixed with a given rotation frequency the last term vanishes in the steady state solution The data needed for this Rotation Reference Frame formulation are Center of Rotation this is the origin of the rotation frame Axis of Rotation this refers to the vector about which the reference frame is spinning AMPView Rotation Speed in RPM this is the scalar number of the rotation speeds in revolutions per minute Include Centrifugal Effect this is the check box for the additional control to include exclude the centrifugal effect Include Coriolis Effect this is the check box for the additional control to include exclude the Coriolis effect Finally a scaling factor is allowed to defining the starting and ending times of the rotation speed effect Provisions are made for additional time s
106. meeeee 92 AMP SOl RE c TTT 92 Tata E A ge O O 93 AMPView Welcome AMPView is a Finite Element pre and post processor with interactive graphic interface It is planned to be the link between the meshes that we generate from solid models in AMPSolid and the full range of data required for a Finite Element Analysis The user may call our AMPSol solvers directly from AMPView or generate data for another F E Solver This manual is organized with an overview in the introduction section Then each of the top menu items is fleshed out in individual chapters This is followed by several tutorial examples Throughout the manual we will be using a quarter gear solid generated in AMPSolid and stored as gear_st dat The _ st denoting that it is a file for the stress and thermal analysis of the quarter gear In the description of the menu options we will make use of several prefix symbols We will use the gt symbol to denote a sub menu The and amp amp symbols for or and and will also be used where appropriate The online reference manual is provided in a context sensitive manner such that if you use the La icon to place on the menu or item it will provide the most relative help associated with the subject You can also hit the function key F1 to get the immediate help content or go to the Help to browse the complete reference manual Introduction The AMPView program is unique in the sense that it allows the user to select mesh ent
107. mesh conforming criterion Note that if there is a triangular face each side can only split into 2 division The Model gt System gt Adaptive Controls gt Uniform h_Division Based on the Highest Error When this h Adaptive option is selected all elements are divided based on the highest element error This will generate large amount of elements The Model gt System gt Adaptive Controls gt Uniform h_Division as Specified When this h Adaptive option is selected all elements are divided based on the specified division in each element direction For example specifying 2 will split a 2D QUAD4 element into 4 QUAD4 elements Possible setting for p_Adaptive are The Model gt System gt Adaptive Controls gt Use Specified p_Order When this default p Adaptive option is selected each element will be transform upward or downward into a 2 order Lagrangian family elements of QUAD9 HEXA27 TRI6 SHELL6 accordingly This default setting is used since they produce the fastest error convergence with the least amount of problem size based on empirical tests Currently the highest p_order supported is three since beyond that further mesh refinement is usually more desirable rather than polynomial order increase If triangular faced elements are detected the maximum p Order can be used for such face is two on such elements The Model gt System gt Adaptive Controls gt Inrease p_Order as Specified When this p Adaptive option is selected the element famil
108. n be applied with transformation matrix It is normally not necessary to do so and the default is off If desired the transformation can be applied Options gt Text gt Fonts gt Roman Aerial Cave The inserted text string s font can be changed using this option 87 AMPView Reference Manual Options Window Help ca Display Axis ES S A d Visibility Render Mode K IOl N H K Insert Text Notation Color Transforms K Arial Lave Fig 8 5 The options Text Fonts Menu Options gt Color gt Background Highlight Default These options are not active as of the current release but have been included in the next development planning Window Control Menu The Window Control Menu This allows the user to control the contents and view of the active window The active view is always display at the end of this menu with a check mark and can be selected to activate the view focus that is a view that has the mouse keyboard attention Window Help Mew Window Cascade Tile Horzontal Tile Vertical Arrange Icons Toolbar w Status Bar w 1 gear dat Fig 9 1 The Window Control Menu Window gt New Window This New Window feature allows adding additional view of the same model to the view list Using this multiple view option the user has more flexibility to examine the model and results There is no limit to the number of additional views can be added as long the system has enough memory
109. ndition This will delete the selected Condition set Model gt Condition gt Combination gt Sort by Name Geometry Order When there are many boundary condition set this is a convenient way to sort the pull down list of the condition either by their name geometry name or order it was entered Model gt Condition gt Combination gt Restore Saved If there is any change to the Condition set the different Geometry Time or Type will be shown If the user wants to revert to the originally setting the Restore Saved button will retrieve the saved data and restore the Condition setting Model gt Condition gt Combination gt Old ID Names These areas are mainly for users who are familiar the previous versions earlier than 3 03 version that use index rather than the condition name for geometry time type indications They are displayed here mainly for informational purpose It is also used to indicate the generation sequence index of the internal Geometry Time and Type names for information purpose Model gt Condition gt Combination gt New BC Prev Next These are the general Condition Sheet control button The New BC is the same as the New Condition button except it can be accessed from any page The Prev and Next are two useful buttons to page throw the defined boundary condition sets The pull down load at the bottom of the Condition Sheet is for the quick identification of the condition set and it tries to use the abbreviation so the user can
110. nt Properties gt Show Only Mat ID Select Mat ID These two check boxes are mainly for material association review If Show Only Mat ID is selected only the geometry associated with the current Mat ID will be displayed The Select Mat ID when selected will automatically select the geometry associated with the current Mat ID so it will be shown with a highlight color If the global Display Zoom to Selection function is active the selected geometry will be properly placed in a zoom mode that fits all elements in the material region Model gt Define gt Element Properties gt Show Selection FE Grouping The will bring up the FE Group Display dialog box so the user can examine the selected elements geometry items or groups This is usually for confirming the visual geometry selection items with the underlying element or geometry numerical information For detailed information please refer to the Finite Element FE Group Display control Model gt Define gt Element Properties gt Constitutive Behavior gt Cointinuum Stress Thermal Heat Transfer Fluid Flow Electric Potential Magnetic Field 24 AMPView These check boxes are for selecting the type of constitutive behaviors Multiple element behaviors can be selected if the elements are to be used for multi physic simulations The grayed out items are either the existing license does not allow it or not implemented When a material physics is activated the spreadsheet will add mo
111. ntered in the directional value page 47 AMPView Reference Manual Model gt Condition gt Type gt Global Pressure T raction A global pressure traction applies uniform traction general pressure to the surface 3D or edge 2D to the model The traction magnitude is specified by the components in the global direction in the value page Depending on the geometric dimension of analysis either 3 3D or 2 2D magnitude values must be entered in the directional value page Model gt Condition gt Type gt Normal Pressure A normal pressure traction applies uniform pressure normal to the surface 3D or edge 2D to the model The positive value follows the stress convention point away from the model Global Pressure Traction A single scalar value is expected in the directional value page Model gt Condition gt Type gt Surface Flux Charge Source A distributed thermal heat flux or dielectric surface charge or surface distributed source term to the surface 3D or edge 2D of the model A single scalar value is expected in the directional value page Model gt Condition gt Type gt EM Surface Charge Coulomb Pressure This selection is used only when a dielectric electrical analysis is active and when electrical stress coupled analysis is desired In such case on the surface of the conductor the user can specify the electrical Coulomb force of the surface charge in the electrical field to be computed The integrated Coulomb force based on th
112. ntrol iaa siria 22 Model Denne M ent si paro ada eo o can o e o e e ld OS 23 he Model Define Propernties Mela A A enue etek 23 The Model Define Element Behavior Stress Menu eee eee eee 25 The Model Define Element Behavior Thermal FLOW Menu sse eee eee ee eee 28 The Model Define Element Behavior Electro Magneto Menu sese 30 Anisotropic Orthotropic Material Definition sese 31 Creep Material Data and Controls Menu aida iO AA AA AA 33 Piezoelecirical Maternal Dala 0 A A A e ais 35 Nonlinear Property MU licita da AS in 35 Beam ROd SeCUon Properies MENU iii lA A A AN A A rd 36 User Defined Gonstutive Material Model 38 User Defined Iniiai Stress and SM es tra III inado 39 User Defined Plasticity Material api es devdeesnansesesnccudoudessnanmaldszactacsdasiyananlaebacsecadaadasvecbegeeaaduendessetdesstonuataavesecendies 39 Material MOC ari e isidro 40 Mod lconditons AP 40 The Boundary Condition Md e ee tata 40 mine Model Cond tom Meni ooo os anteous 41 THe Model Condition Geometry Ments ensein a a a 42 The Model C ondition Time Men A a a eevee ree in es 44 TRE ModelsCondition Ty Pe Men AA SRA NA 46 Additional eR Tas ee e a es 49 Nodal Local Coordinate System Control Su pnl diester hecedaduial Munters boled Sauna repbeced dues as edn wicbecueiiuaidduatereabece 50 Basic modal DOF CNO Sold io anios 52 TheModeSondaiion Values Menlssrdoiio is iii 52 The Model Condition Thermal Convective Radiative Dage sees 55 Table of Contents
113. oard format File gt Print Print Preview Print Setup These also follow the usual Windows functions and need not be defined here File gt Previously accessed files The last ten files used are listed here File gt Exit This terminates the use of AMPView The user is prompted to save all files created or changed System Storage Files In order to achieve a seamless integration between our three programs we have implemented a common database that is shared among all our programs The storage of model information has however been split up into several functional files to give the user maximum flexibility in re using previously defined data as well as minimum work in creating similar models The following files are used 1 The sat file This file stores the solid model data in ACIS format It is used and optionally created in AMPSolid 2 The flx file This file stores the flex cell data that represents the flex cells that were created at any stage of the mesh generation When the mesh generation process is comp0Olete in AMPSolid the flex cell keeps the final mesh data 3 The fe file This file contains the raw mesh data lts format is dictated by the VSMesh program which can be tailored by each user to fit a FE program of choice 4 The geo file This file stores the solid model entity mapping to the FE mesh This file changes with each mesh The user is advised to give each mesh generated a unique name 5 The dat file Th
114. oduce nodal time step history plots The user first selects a node using the node selection control and selects a desired type from Result Type pull down list Then the plot Selected Node s History is pressed in the FE Inquirer This produces a time step history plot for the selected result type The history plot can be deleted and a plot can then be repeated by selecting another result variable or by selecting another node If you select multiple nodes then these nodes history will be shown as multiple curves with different colors XY Plot Bis H slg_equiv 34620 000 29058580 pat 23427161 ye FPS EA a 12164 321 e 6532 902 e timestep FE Inquirer by Integral This option allows the user to perform an integral calculation over the specified surface 3D or side 2D To perform the integral calculation specify the integral type then select the geometry surfaces or edges or element faces or sides where integration is desired 76 AMPView FE Node Inquirer ES Available Integral Type Heat Flow Surface ormal Compute Integral Over Face Sidel Change l mmes tep ode Plot Integral Result History User Normal VY VU lo We lo 392 291831458419 Total Faces or Total Grea Side 1292 2391831458419 Ote Integrated Result 608 537486241 772 160 Two special integration calculations are provided The heat flow calculation integrates dot product of the heat flux and the surface normal over the specified area side The re
115. ola a a II TATE U JHT Nonlinear Property Multiplier Model gt Define gt Element Behavior gt Edit Nonlinear Multiplier Data Other than a specified value each material property value may be multiplied with a nonlinear function of any computed variable This nonlinear multiplier is defined by this option and assigned a nonlinear multiplier index to the associated material property The following dialog will show up 35 AMPView Reference Manual Monlinear Property Multiplier Editor ES Nonlinear Multiplier Index fi ka Add Index Apply Update Index Multiplier Variable time ka Delete Indes Multipler Format Selection gt Multiplier Interpolated from Piece Wise Linear Data C Polynomial Multiplier cO c1 v 4 cn C Exponential Multiplier cO 401 Variable Value Property Multioher Yalue U U 1 1 Delete Selected Current Data select to edit Fig 4 9 The nonlinear property multiplier dialog The Multiplier Index is the index to be used Add Apply Update delete options will add or update the index s data or delete the index information The multiplier s dependent variable is specified from the drop down box Multiplier Variable The availability of the variable will depend on the type of the analysis performed and the material models used After that there are three type of multiplier functions 1 Piece wise linear interpolated Pairs of the dependent variable values and the mu
116. onductivity Thermal Linear Expansion Coefficient Enter the anisotropic thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion coefficient in the local material axes a b and c directions If both thermal and stress anisotropic materials are defined the local axes are shared in both definition Model gt Define gt Thermal Fluid gt Setting gt Conductivity Dielectricity or Permeability Enter the electrical conductivity or dielectricity or magnetic permeability coefficient in the local material axes a b and c directions Model gt Define gt Stress gt Setting gt Nonlinear Multiplier Index This index allows the control of the material data to be dependent on the available system variables such as time or stress or strain etc For further information see the nonlinear property multiplier dialog session Creep Material Data and Controls Menu The creep effect uses a power creep law to compute the creep strain or e cla t in a one dimensional uniaxial creep law o being the uniaxial stress and tis the time scale Usually these coefficients c1 c2 and c3 can be obtained from a creep test or from a material data sheet creep 33 AMPView Reference Manual Elasto Plastic Creep Elasto Plastic Power Creep Law Controls l OK Nonlinear Multiplier Indes ne Dimesional Creep Stran g 3 16e 10 o cl Stress c2 Time c3 De jo lo c3 E o E User Defined Mecoplasticity Lreep Strain Step Integration Controls Cancel
117. ontour Display K Vector Display Deformation K User Results FE Inquirer E Fig 5 1 The Model result Menu Model Result gt Contour Display gt Select TimeStep This allows the user to select the time step for result examination inquiry animation A dialog box is presented with the available time step selection as below Time Step Mode Selection Curent Tine 3 tep M ode Note that this value shown could be either a time step value or a eigenvalue corresponding to a eigen analysis mode or could be a load multiplier from an arc length analysis lt really depends on the nature of the output file being read in Choosing this value will automatically update the corresponding nodal results to match the selected time step mode multiplier Contour Display Result Contour Controls Model Result gt Contour Display gt Contour Type This allows the user to select the quantity to be contoured from a dropdown list as show below 65 AMPView Reference Manual Contour Display Control Available Contour Types disp ka Element Result Specific Shell Element Back Side le Eont Side E Paint visible Side mnp Cancel Contour Display Blended Colors C Banded Colors Contour Range Control I Automatic from results Contour elements Within range only The user may also elect to use fixed bands or interpolated colors for the contouring The following types can be displayed in all their x
118. ove across the model the nodal result is automatically retrieved The information includes the node number the coordinate values and the associated value of the selected result type and time step If the user assigns the mouse to 74 AMPView other pointing function such as rotation the inquirer becomes inactive sleep mode It can be activated again with the Activate inquirer button Another good use of the inquirer is to add the result value of different nodes To use this function first switch the mouse function to the FE entity selection then select the nodes of interest then press the button of Sum Selected Nodes Result This is useful for user to find out data such as the total reaction on a fixed face or the total heat flow from the convective boundary condition or merely to sum the nodal results FE Node Result Inquirer ES Available Result Type ChangeTimeStephlode Activate Ingirer sig equiv Sum D Hi i L Y E Mode Number Sum Selected Nodes Result Plot Selected Nodes History Plot Selected Nodes Results along geom line index o Plot Selected Nods History The FE Inquirer is also used to produce nodal time step history plots The user first selects a node or nodes using the node selection control The node selection control may be found in the Selection gt FE select gt node only option or its icon Then the user selects a desired type from the Result Type pull down list Finally the plot Selecte
119. ow and move the mouse the cut plane can be placed into the desired orientation Options Menu The Options Menu This menu allows the user to control the display of the F E geometric entities such as elements and nodes Options Window _ Display Axis Element Visibility Render Mode Text Color Size FT FF YO TT Yo Tool Bar Fig 8 1 The Options Selection Level Menu Options gt Display Axis When this option is turn on the Cartesian coordinate axes are displayed at the origin Note that for easy manipulation and identification a mini axes display is always available at the upper right corner Option Visibility 84 AMPView Options Window Help Display Asis JES Ela in a Element K Wisibility K PointsM arkers Render Mode K yw Lines Text K Edges Color ow Faces Size K ow Lights Tool Bar K ae Text Cutting Planes w Cutting Lines Cutting Plane Geometry Hidden Linez Fig 8 2 The Options Visibility Menu Options gt Visibility gt items This allows the user to select or deselect the geometric and control entities to be displayed by toggling the appropriate menu item Points Markers these are used for nodes and geometric vertex display Lines Toggles geometric line display Edges Toggles edge display They are usually for display F E sides Faces Toggles face display These are for displaying element surfaces faces Lights These are the light effect display controls Gr
120. p Help gt About AMPView This will bring up the AMPView version and user s system information They are necessary and useful when a user run into a problem and need technical assistance Finite Element Features of the Solvers The finite Element features of the solver are listed here The actual implementation is by means of the appropriate selection in AMPView Where possible the online version of this document will have links to the relevant section of AMPView Element features The current supported element types are ROD BEAM TRIS TRI6 QUAD4 QUAD9 QUAD16 QUAD25 HEXA8 HEXA27 HEXA64 HEXA125 TETRA4 TETRA10 PYRAMID5 PYRAMID13 SHELL3 SHELL4 SHELL6 SHELL9 SHELL16 SHELL25 Element side or surface Boundary Condition Types 91 AMPView Reference Manual The boundary conditions that can be applied to the side or surface are given in the following table Conv coeff and tconv required conv to ambient heat flux a t tconv Flux value Velocity Vorticity Fluid Velocity or Vorticity values Fluid flow pressure scalar value Tutorials AMPSol Tutorial If you are first time user of AMPS AMPSolid AMPSol and AMPView we strongly recommend that you run through the AMPSolid and AMPSol tutorial included in the AMPS package That will give you a more overall view of how the program is designed to help you solve real life problem and the suggested method of performing finite element analysis using AMPS 92
121. p law as specified in the creep material data To specify the power creep law data click the Setting button Model gt Define gt ElementBehavior gt Initial Stress Strain When this option is checked the default initial stress and strain can be set for each element This is usually used for problems that require initial pre stress or need the strain history for specific material model For details please refer to the User Defined Initial Stress and Strain section Model gt Define gt ElementBehavior gt User Defined Plasticity The USRAPP user interface routine can be used to defined any plasticity material model if the provided material library is not applicable In such case by checking this box the user can enter additional material parameters to be sent to the USRAPP API interface For detailed information about user interface functions please refer to the AMPS User Application Interface Reference Manual The Model Define Element Behavior Thermal FLow Menu 28 AMPView Define Sheet Material id 1 E4 Element Properties Stress ThermoFluid ElectroMiagneto Edit Nonlinear Multiplier Data Nonlinear Multiplier Inde Thermal Conductivity 8 15398 008 Specific Heat Capacity 0 999 00 Volumetric Heat Flux Density po Linear Expansion Coeff 363005 Exp Reference Temperature oi Mass Density Joost Wecosiby 5 61085e 005 Anisotropic Orthotropic Material NestMatID Apply A Evous Matl
122. pecifies a time step size the analysis start time and the finish time to control the solution In the steady state analysis or static analysis these time controls are pseudo time steps in the sense that they are used to control how the specific boundary conditions or loads are applied For dynamic or transient analysis the time controls should be the real analysis start stop increment that control the analysis The program by default assumes the analysis is static or steady state and fills in the default values for the user at the beginning Model gt System gt Solution Control gt Time Stepping Pseudo Time Controls gt Analysis Start Finish Time The user specifies the analysis start and finish time here For restart analysis the start time will come from the restart file and the start time control will automatically change to the values specified in the restart file Model gt System gt Solution Control gt Time Stepping Pseudo Time Controls gt Max Iteration limit per step Convergence Error Norm This will limit the iteration during a equilibrium iteration in a single step An equilibrium check is performed to ensure the error norm is under the specified values AMPView Reference Manual Model gt System gt Solution Control gt Time Stepping Pseudo Time Controls gt Initial Time Step At Time Optional Step Size Controls The solution starts from the analysis start time and advances by the specified time step size as specified using this step
123. profile solver storage requirement Usually one pass of the graph searching will produce the optimum ordering and subsequent optimization will not produce any improvement More information of the graph traversal theory can be found in Fundamental of Computer Algorithms E Horowitz and S Sahni Import External Model This menu allows the user to import another AMPSol model into the current active model in AMPView The new model is attached to the existing model by renumbering their nodes and elements after the existing ones Since there are geometric entities associate with the AMPSol finite element model these data are also appended after the existing one To avoid conflict with the current model definition only the mesh associated information is merged into the current model and the external model s material and boundary condition are neglected View Menu 81 AMPView Reference Manual The View Menu The view menu allows the user to select the details of the graphic components view Display Optic Orbit Camera com Camera Pan Camera zoom Al Zoom Window Camera K Fig 6 1 The View Menu These menu items are used to rotate zoom pan the view camera and they have their associated icons for more convenient activation There are several preset camera view angles predefined for common view settings To use the view camera orbit zoom pan feature hold the left mouse button and move the mouse s cursor across the screen This will
124. puted by translating or rotating the slave geometry to the master geometry region SO a proper geometric tie constraint coefficients can be automatically computed The Constraint Equation Condition The Constraint value page is specific for Constraint boundary conditions 60 AMPView Condition Sheet Condition Geometry Time Type Constraint Equation Name G4 Constraint 707 Hew Type value Update This condition casts a linear constraint among the specified nodal DOF in the expression of SumfMiDiCil h 0 Ci is the coefficient Ni indicates the order count zero as first of the node in the geometry selections and Di is the DOF of the node The constant h T non zero is the nonhomegeneous terme of the constraint Hi Di Ci h i o dispy GIR la lt Delete Selected Current Values select to edit The first DOF ts the default dependent warble The current setting is zero as first o Apply timestep factor to Constraint Equation constraint vanishes when time factor is zero G4 Constant 202 Id GIS cl 04 EdgeEdges_4 t0 0 1 1 Constraint condition is used to construct an equational constraint among different nodal DOF s SO a Specific boundary condition can be enforced For example in the above constraint boundary condition the node stored in the first geometry selection position is constrained by the equation Dispx dispy 0 0 Physically this is equivalent to rotating the node by 45 degree
125. quickly capture the nature of the geometry time and type values This pull down list of the Condition set at the bottom of this Condition page is accessible from any Condition page for convenience The Model Condition Geometry Menu This menu allows geometric F E entities to be created 42 AMPView Condition Sheet Condition Geometry Time Type Values Geometry Mame E dgeEdges_3 9 Mew Update Save Delete Custom Mame Add Selection to Geom Remove from Curr Geom EL Geomtry ltem Information Add Geom Total BC Geom Items 2 selection Type JEdgeElside Group to Selection Buffer Curent item index o S e li nde Side Node index Sua Hed item Additional Node FE Grouping Ausiian Analytical Geometry Contact Slide etc Selectable Geom Items Included Geom tem LY Add gt A Remove ltem Lreate E dit oeom ine oeom ine ENED LUS EdgeEdges 310011 Cs Prescribe d0 z Eel Next Fig 4 11 Geometric Condition Model gt Condition gt Geometry gt Geometry Name This name is generated automatically by the New button The user can also enter a Custom Name to better indicate the Condition Name It is also used as a pull down list to select one from the existing available selections if any The Model gt Condition gt Geometry gt Custom Name This is an optional name that the user can enter to specify a meaningful name to a Geometry set Model gt Condition gt Geom
126. r more i 01 BEED o ISEEEEE o OES 3353 i A Area Torsional J Mlnertia about b Mlnertia about c Shaper actor Section Property Onentation Section Property Local a b c Ases Direction a is along the beam rod axial direction Direction info i needed for beam or for rod with local member loadinal V y z Local b axis direction hight wize o o i Alternative b direction when the above b vector conicidez o o with the local a axis direction Member Loading Uniformly Distributed Local Axis Loads Time Function Index as a direction b direction c direction defined in Conditions A a o E Initial Tension Tension Compression Only Rod Element Only Initial Tensile or Compresivel Stress lo e Normal rodtruss member Tension only Rope Mode Initial slack distance before i tension compression engages E C Compression only Gap Mode Model gt Define gt Beam Rod Cross Section Type There are total of four types of predefined beam rod cross section types 1 User defined sectional properties enter the pre computed data of area torsional rigidity and the moment of inertia about the local a and b axes 2 Rectangular section enter the width and the height of the cross section and the shear shape factor if shear stress correction for deep beam is desired 3 Circular section enter the diameter of the cross section and the shear shape factor if shear stress correction for deep beam is desired 4 Tubular sec
127. re pages to allow the input of the material data Model gt Define gt Element Properties gt Integration Control gt Element Default Gaussian Scheme Lobatto Scheme Reduced Integration B Bar with Hourglass Control This selects the numerical integration scheme to be used Using the default scheme is recommended since the material group could contain different elements The available methods are the Gaussian the Lobatto the Reduced and the B Bar with hourglass control schemes These different integration schemes generally produce the same results when the element meshes are refined When the mesh Is coarse or when extremely nonlinear geometry material properties exist some schemes could improve the accuracy For different type of elements the default integration is selected for best performance e g B Bar for low order HEX8 or QUAD4 elements Gaussian for TETRA4 TETRA10 TRI3 and TRI6 elements Model gt Define gt Element Properties gt Planar Plane Stress Shell Thickness Specify the planar type model plane stress or shell element thickness If not specified and the planar plane stress or shell model is used it is defaulted to be a unit thickness the same as the default thickness values of 2D problems Model gt Define gt Element Properties gt Initiate Material Data from Library If the material data had previously been defined in the material Lib Simply selecting from the drop down list may specify the material In such case the
128. ropic material s stress property the mass property is necessary only if inertia effect is included or a modal or dynamic response is active Model gt Define gt ElementBehavior gt Mass Damping Coefficient This is the damping coefficient applied to the mass matrix to for computing of the damping matrix This hysteric damping coefficient can be found using the Rayleigh damping matrix formula from the damping factor If the Rayleigh damp matrix C is C aM aK Where M is the FE mass matrix and K is the stiffness matrix then the mass damping coefficient ay can be computed from E 0 5 ap a10 Where lt is the damping factor from the test and is the frequency of the vibration test For more information refer to Structural Dynamics An Introduction to Computer Methods R R Craig Jr or other popular references Model gt Define gt ElementBehavior gt Plastic Yield Stress Specify the initial yield stress Model gt Define gt ElementBehavior gt Isotropic Hardening Modulus Specify the isotropic hardening modulus This modulus can be computed from the uniaxial test result E and Et The tangent modulus Et is the apparent slope of the stress strain curve after the initial yield and E is the initial modules Young s modulus The hardening modulus H is defined as H Et 1 Et E Effectively the yield stress is then computed from 2 AMPView Reference Manual where is the initial yield stress and is the accumulated ef
129. rs associated with the field governing equations Currently the continuum stress field and the thermal field are the only two types of property that are supported After this declaration the user also has to specify the property type according to the following specifications Property Data Plane stress plane stress thickness thickness Integration points Gauss Lobotto Reduce Default Rho the material density Elastic Poisson s Nu Poisson s rato ratio Elastic Young s modulus Linear Expansion beta coefficient Coeff Hyper Mooney C1 C2 hyperealstic type Mooney Rivlin Rivlin Plastic kinematic Beta_ratio hardening This controls the kinematic hardening ratio 0 to 1 Plastic Mohr Cohesion friction angle Coulomb Plastic Von Mises Initial Initial yield stress sl stress Thermal capacity A Thermal conductivity Model Conditions Menu The Boundary Condition Menu The Conditions Sheet allows the boundary conditions to be defined interactively The user first selects a F E geometric entity or multiple entities by graphical selections and then the type of 40 AMPView boundary condition to be applied is then defined After that the specific values associated with the boundary condition type are assigned Then the user specifies the time range in which the boundary condition is to be applied Each of the above activity referred as geometry type value or time is assigned an index or a name The boundary
130. s using Local Coordinate controls and specifies a zero normal deformation condition The general formation of the constraint equation is Sum N D C h 0 Where N refers to the selection count order in the geometric selection The geometry selection items have to be finite element nodes or geometric vertices since the condition casts a constraint among the nodal DOF s D is the nodal DOF specification and can be selected from the pull down list based on the available runtime dependent solution variables C is the coefficient of the DOF of the constraint equation The constant term h if non zero is the non homogeneous terms of the constraint Internally the constraint condition converts the equation by choosing a dependent variable and expresses it in terms of the rest of the DOF variables and the constant term By default the first DOF is set as the dependent variable and can be changed by selecting a different DOF as shown in the edit field Couple special notes about the constraint condition If there are multiple constraints specified on a same dependent nodal DOF the last one is always a dominating one In addition the independent DOF variable as specified can not be the dependent variable of another constraint equation Finally if a local coordinate system is assigned to a node the constraint equation always refers to this local coordinate format The Model gt Condition gt Constraint Equation gt Name This name is the same a
131. s the one have been created in the condition Type page It is displayed here for information purpose 61 AMPView Reference Manual The Model gt Condition gt Constraint Equation gt New Type Value This will create a new Type Name and save the current data entered this page into the condition new Type Name condition set This is a quick way of creating a new Type Name if the user has not created a new Type Name in the previous Type page The Model gt Condition gt Constraint Equation gt Update This will save the entered data and updates the database of the current active Type Name as shown in the Name field The Model gt Condition gt Constraint Equation gt Apply time step factor to Constraint This option will apply the time step factor to the Constraint condition Normally it is only meaningful when the factor is either one or zero a non existent constraint This could be used to control the release engage of the constraint condition by assigning a Time Step index with proper factor between 1 0 and 0 0 User Defined Load Flux RHS LHS Condition The user defined load value page is specific designed to store any necessary load control data from the user so these data can be passed into the user routines during runtime for load calculation Condition Sheet Condition Geometry Time Type UserDefineLoad Hame G Userodalsum Q 1 0 Hew Type value Update General User Defined Nodal LoadAHS Enter the data required by th
132. seful when the user is reviewing a model and prefers the program to automatically change the view and zoom into the geometry selection corresponding to the items being reviewed For a very large model sometimes this automatic zooming may take some time and can be optionally turned off if necessary Display gt Zoom Rotate to Selection Other than just zoom to the selected items if this option is used a proper camera angle will be computed for the best viewing angle to these items Since some selections contain only nodes or items are hidden inside the body the computed angle may not be the optimal view angle for some cases Display gt Transparent View Sometimes it is difficulty to identify the object entity buried in the model such as internal faces side etc Normally it is necessary to hide the exterior elements so the inner elements faces side can be selected or examined The transparency is another convenient way of identifying such selection If the option is on the user can examine the internal semi transparent object to ensure whether they selected or not or to examine their results This option is also very useful when it is used in Selection Filter see Selection SelectionFilter control to confirm the Depth Selection operations Display gt Level of Detail To speed up the display of some extremely large model the Level of Detail option can be constraint can be used To use this option activate this selection and the
133. sired After that unhide hide till the subsequence face or geometry face is shown then go back to the stored index that you want to add to it The instance that you select the index that you want to modify the previous existing selection items will be recalled into the current selection buffer and highlighted You can then add the desired selection to the selection buffer then save store the selection list Selection Geometric FE Select AMPView Reference Manual Selection Model Results Finite Element View Display Optio Geometric FE Select Elements in a Body FE Select K Elements on a Surface Geometry Entity K Solid Element Faces on a Surface Analytical Geometry K Modes on a Surface Selection Filter Modes on a Edge Element Sides on a Edge poss Mode of a Geometry Werke ee Elements on a geometry Edge The Geometric FE Select is based on selecting from the original solid model entities that were used in creating the FE mesh in AMPSolid This is the most flexible method of selection because it associates specific solid model entities with the finite element mesh entities When the mesh is changed either due to adaptive meshing or requested re meshing AMPSolid automatically associates the new finite element entities with the solid model entities The result is that FE models created with Geometric FE selections need not be changed when the mesh changes Using their corresponding icons as shown below can also choose the menu options g4
134. size control Other than the Initial Step Size 3 additional pairs of Step Size n At Time n can be use to specify the step size during the analysis The actual step size used in the analysis is then interpolated from these controls Note that the during the analysis results are available at time steps corresponding to the step size control here too Model gt System gt lteration Control gt Time Stepping Pseudo Time Controls gt Automatic Step Size Control This is the automatic time step control During an analysis step if the analysis failed to converge in the specified error norm and the Use Automatic Stepping Controls check box is selected the program will automatically decrease the time step size and try to solve the problem again using this refined step size This process will continue till a successful analysis can be established The program then advanced till these refined time steps reach the end of original failed step At that time the next time step will start again and continue The user can control the maximum minimum automatic step size that this automatic stepping control is allowed to take Model gt System gt lteration Control gt Initial Time step Increment Size This ts the initial time step size control When the analysis starts it will use the specified increment size as the initial size Additional stepping size after the initial time can be set by pressing the Additional Time Stepping Size Controls button Model gt Syst
135. strains in the stress calculations For large deformation and rotation either Total Lagrangian TL or Updated Lagrangian UL can be used The difference between these two large strain calculation modes Is simply the difference of the reference frame The TL always uses the Original state for the frame of reference and the UL uses the most recent state of position for reference In the TL formulation the Green Lagrangian strains and the 2 Piola Kirchhoff stresses are used while the Cauchy stresses and the infinitesimal strains are used in the UL formation with respect to the most recent deformed state Although the internal stress and strain calculated using these two methods are completely different but the converged results will be almost similar since the final result is expressed in the engineering Cauchy stresses and strains Model gt System gt Controls gt use ALE for coupled Lagrangian Eulerian Analysis When the fluid flow region is used along with the Lagrangian solid element If small strain formulation is used the coupling between the fluid governing Navier Stokes equations and the solid continuum equations are automatically coupled However if large deformation analysis option is activated the Lagrangian solid region will penetrate into the Eulerian flow region especially the solid elements deform very large In such case it is necessary to activate the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation for the fluid region For the time bein
136. sult is the total heat flow across the surface side The second special heat flow integral uses the user specified normal instead of the surface normal The resultant integral is the heat toward the direction of the user normal For the rest of the result type integral it simply integrated the result over the specified region If multiple step results are available Plot Integrated Result History will also plot the integrated result against time step to give a history diagram for examination Finite Element Menu FE Group Display Selection gt FE Group Display Bring up a dialog box for finite element nodes and elements grouping and display control Element and Mode Display and Grouping Control ES DISPLAY C Element E Add Updates ave Delete Grouping C Node Hide Selected UnHideSelected HIRE ele Hite E jolig Selected ltem Information Show Selection Info UnHidedll Selection Type FaceE lement Group Total Selected Items Z Elem Side Node Group o Current tem index E Index Side Node index Previous tem Hest item Additional Node Maximum Element No 3 Maximum Mode No 10 i Optional Numeric Selection Start No 10 End Ho lo IC I Set Selection Control Selec Add to selection Toggle on off ANALYSIS Database Grouping BODYELEMENT mw Active Index po W Insert Selection to curent Group Create N ew index from Selection Remove Selection from current Group Delete Current Index Rep
137. t expression give It is suggested that the user test the result expression by pressing the Test Evaluate New Result for the Specified Node to check the validity of the expression User Result Type gt Delete the Specified user Result Type Delete the already specified result item if exist User Result Type gt Retrieve the Expression of the User Result Name If the specified result type name is valid and exist pressing this key will retrieve the original result expression and put the numerical expression into the equation field at the lower portion of the dialog box edit field 73 AMPView Reference Manual User Result Type gt Test Evaluate New Result for the Specified Node Usually after enter the numerical expression in the equation edit field at the bottom of the dialog box edit field it is recommended to test the expression by checking the numerical result at the node user specified This is to ensure a correct expression before the program compute and generate the new results for all nodes Normal Shear Stress by direction User Normal Shear Stresses by Direction Result Label Name to store the Computed Results Normal Stress Name NomalStress Compute Stresses from the Direction Vectors and Store Results at the Shear Stress Mame Shear5tress Names Specitied ka Y E Normal Direction I la la Shear Direction lo i o Normalized and check direction vector This control allows the user to generate normal and shear stress
138. tep to scale the accelerations and there is no limit to the number of the intermediate scaling factor sets The Model System Adaptive Controls The adaptive controls are specified in the following spreadsheet page System Sheet System Controls Solution Controls Inertia Effect Sdapiraite Controls Use h Adaptive Automatic h Division Based on Error Estimate Unitor bh Division Based on the Highest Error Uniform h Division as Specified a Use p Adaptive Use Specified p Order p_Order lncrement Increase p Order as Specified 2 Use Highest Automatic p Order Refinement Target Error Norm 0 05 Maximum Mesh Refinement Allowed 1 Step Interval for New Refinement 1 Restart Analysis After Refinement single step or linear problem Optimize Mesh After Refinement Refine Mesh Base on Current Error Morn Now Cancel Help The Model gt System gt Adaptive Controls gt Use h Adaptive Use p Adaptive Active the h Adaptive and or p Adaptive refinement The default setting will be used Possible setting for h_Adaptive are The Model gt System gt Adaptive Controls gt Automatic h_Division Based on Error Estimate AMPView Reference Manual When this default h Adaptive option is selected each element will be divided according to the error estimated computed could be different in each spatial direction Currently up to 5 division in the each direction is supported If an element is split the neighboring element will also be divided to match the
139. the database of the current active Type Name as shown in the Name field The Model gt Condition gt Directional Value gt Update Save This will updates the database of the current Thermal Convection Radiation values page Model gt Condition gt Thermal Convection Radiation gt Thermal Convective Radiative Values These specify a convective or radiative boundary condition in the thermal problem Depending on the type of the condition only the convective or the radiative values are necessary The Model Condition Surface Contact Condition The surface contact value page is specific for contact boundary conditions Condition Sheet Condition Geometry Time Type Surface Contact Name T4ARadiate COTOC EOTOT ab Hew Type value Update IZ Examine selections associated nodes for contact I Solid Continuum Contact Friction Coefficient U Penalty coeff U for automatic U IZ Thermal Contact Friction to thermal energy conversion coeff la Penalty coeff 0 for automatic o e Electric Contact Penalty coeff O for automatic o F Magnetic Contact c Penalty coeff 0 for automatic Apply movement to Analytical Geometry time o E scaled motion control if movable Time index is Skip other contact geoemtry set faster check ENED test EdgeEdges_4 001 1 T4Radiate COTOC E0T OT ab ba Prev Ed Fig 4 15 The Surface Contact Page The Model gt Condition gt Surface Contact gt Name This name is the same as th
140. the existing result types that are created by AMPSol calculations The user can create a new result type using the provided mathematical expression and the existing result type names After the result type is created it can then be used in contouring node element result inquiry plotting or integral inquiry 72 User Result Type Mame of the Hew Result Type Generate Compute New Result Type For all Nodes Delete the Specified User Result Type Current Result Type Name Retreve the Expression of the User Result Mame Test E valuiate New Result for the Specified Mode disp Mode f new result fo New Result Calculation Expression Fress Fl Help for Available Operators F unctione Currently the support expressions are AMPView Addition Subtraction Multiplication I Division Mod remainder d Power Left parenthesis Right parenthesis sin Sine function cos Cosine function tan Tangent function abs Absolute function In Natural log exp Natural power atan Arc tangent sqrt Square root 0 9 Numerical numbers e Scientific number e g 1 e 5 For example the deformation magnitude can be defined as disp_mag sart dispx 2 dispy 2 dispz 2 Currently only five lots of user defined variables are available but they can re use or deleted User Result Type gt Generate Compute New Result Type for all Nodes Pressing this button will create a new result item base don the resul
141. tion enter the outer and the inner diameters of the cross section and the shear shape factor if shear stress correction for deep beam is desired If the shear stress correction is desired enter the shear shape factor or enter zero to bypass shear stress correction The shape factor accounts for the discrepancy of actual parabolic shear stress distribution profile as compared with the simple uniform shear stress assumption The shape factor is the ratio of the actual shear force over the uniform average shear force and is dependent on the Possions ratio For rectangular cross section it is 12 11v 10 1 v and for the circular cross section it is 7 6v 6 1 v and for tube 4 3v 2 1 v where v is Possions ratio More information of this shape factor can be found in the traditional elasticity theory For User Defined Sectional Properties these are the general terminology used Area the cross section area 37 AMPView Reference Manual Moment of Inertia M I This is the bending flexibility of the beam cross section For a rectangular section it is M l width hight 3 12 about the major axis bending local axis b or M height width 3 12 about the minor axis axis 3 Tensional Rigidity J It is the torsional rigidity needed to compute the torsional rotation angle from the applied torque based on the formula 0 TL GJ where T is the applied torque L being the length of the beam and G being the shear modulus of the beam For
142. titutive Behavior gt Platic Mohr Coulomb This specifies the cohesive material with cohesion and the friction angle The friction angle should be between 0 and 90 degrees Model gt Define gt Element Behavior gt Constitutive Behavior gt Incompressible Mooney Rivlin This specifies the hyperelastic Mooney Rivlin incompressible material model The C1 and C2 coefficients define the strain energy equation 26 AMPView W C1 l 3 C2 l gt 3 Where l is the first principal strain invariant and ls is the second principal strain invariant When C2 0 the model degenerated into a neo Hookean material More information about this material model can be found in Finite Element in Nonlinear Continuua J T Oden or other popular references Model gt Define gt Element Behavior gt Constitutive Behavior gt User Constitutive Material Model This specifies the material model is defined in the user supplied material model routine Additional material property data can be stored and passed into the user defined routine by clicking the button User Constitutive Material When this option is used the user is responsible to carefully define the constitutive material model following the model development guideline Details of the user defined material model can be found in the AMPS User Application Interface Reference Manual Model gt Define gt ElementBehavior gt Young s Module Poisson s Ratio Linear Expansion Coeff Mass density Specify the isot
143. tric entity selected The details of the selected item will appear on the Selected Item Information area Model gt Condition gt Type gt Nodal Local Coordinate gt Previous Item Next Item If there are multiple selections the current item may be advanced or reversed by the Previous item button or next item button The information will include the type of the geometry such as the basic FE Element Side Node or the grouped geometric selection BodyElement FaceElement EdgeElSide etc It also contains information about its index If a face or a side of an element is selected it will also show the associated face count within the element or the node numbers associated with the side Model gt Condition gt Type gt Nodal Local Coordinate gt Nodal Local Coordinate Data There are total of four different types of user defined nodal coordinate system options The local coordinate system refers to the local a b and c orthogonal axes 1 User specified vector 1 as the a axis and vector 2 as the b axis Later in the processor calculations the b direction vector is orthogonalized to vector a and third local axis c is calculated from the cross product of axes a and b 2 Use Computed Surface Side Normal as the local a axis Vector 1 is orthogonalized to the normal as the b axis direction Vector 2 is used if vector 1 is in the normal direction 3 Cylindrical coordinate system Defined from the Origin and the Cylinder Axis Direction In such system th
144. tting gt Follow ORNL NE F9 5T Guidelines ORNL3 When this check box is active the creep strain calculation procedure follows the most recent 1986 DOE Nuclear Standard NE F 9 5T Guidelines and Procedures for Design of Class Elevated Temperature Nuclear System Components published by Oak Ridge National Laboratory recommends criteria for creep strain hardening and calculation procedure the so called ORNL3 The computed results following these guidelines are most noticeable in cyclic loading situations since the strain hardening calculation guidelines require the tracking of the stress reversal and strain origin and uses that for the creep strain hardening calculations Piezoelectrical Material Data The piezoelectrical material must be supplied by the user for the stress electrical coupled analysis There are two possible types of data format piezo strain or piezo stress matrix formats This is usually based on the manufacturer s supplied information The piezo strain matrix relates the electrical potential gradient to the S11 S12 S12 S22 S23 S33 strain for each gradient component while the piezo stress matrix relate the potential gradient directly to the stress tensor Piezoelectrical Material Cancel Nonlinear l Nonlinear l Nonlinear Voltage Gradient 1 Multiplier Index Voltage Gradient 2 Multiplier Index Voltage Gradient 3 Multiplier Index sz2fos 0 fo o Mo Saa fo Jo C Piezo Strain Matris i Plezo Stress Matrix
145. tton will cycle through selection list and display the proper info Finite Element gt FE Group Display gt Optional Numeric Selection Instead of using graphic mouse selection the user can enter the items desired by using this numeric selection by specifying range of Start No and End No and optionally specifying the increment during this range calculation Press the Set button to activate the selection highlight for visual inspection and for later hiding or grouping function This numeric selection method is useful when you want to precisely select a range of elements or nodes Finite Element gt FE Group Display gt ANALYSIS Database Grouping AMPView maintains a geometry database for geometry items such as solid body face edge and vertices selection The geometry database relates the geometry to the element element face element side or nodes This database is automatically created within the AMPS AMPSolid mesh generator and is shown here for user reference These insert remove replace create delete geometry database button can also served as a tool for the advanced to modify these geometric relation to the finite elements and nodes Sometimes if an external mesh is imported into AMPView these geometry database may not exist and these database grouping tools can be used to create the elements and nodes relationship to the geometric entities Currently the geometry database entities used in AMPS system are BODYMATERIAL Assigns th
146. ulti Physics Controls Solution Control Static Steady State Analysis Eigen Analysis Specific Transient Dynamic Response Mo of Modes li Free Vibrations Modal Analysis Modal Vibration Analysis with Stress Stifferning Thermal Harmonic Modal Euler Instability Buckling Linearized Instability Buckling with Geometric Stiffness Dinamic Frequency Danae Niah Mem analne F Perform In Situ Eigen Analysis After the First Analysis Modal Analysis F Instability Buckling Analysis T Explicit Dynamic Analysis l Continuum Stress Thermal Heat Transfer T Fluid Flow l Electra Conductive Dielectric L hage L eel epep L TK hE a to Dimension Controls C 3p C 20 Planar Plane Strain C 20 Plane Stress Geometr Reference Frame Formulation Linear smiall gt Small Strain deformation Large Strain Total Lagrangian TL Formulation and Rotation Updated Lagrangian LIL a Use ALE for coupled Advanced Lagrangian Eulerian Analysis ALE Controls T Multi Processor Threading Option Available No of Processors 2 Y 250 axisymmetric C 1D Lancel Ampy Help Fig 4 2 The Model gt System gt System Control Page Model gt System gt Controls gt Title The user starts by giving a title for the analysis Model gt System gt Controls gt Multi Physics gt Continuum Stress Thermal Temperature Fluid Flow Electro Magneto User Defined The checked boxes here allow a combination of the selected
147. updated However in situation of a very large model it may be desirable to disable this function during the element or node editing modifying process and manually update the graphics using the Update Display Now option Finite Element gt Graphic Display gt Update Display Now Clicking on this menu will force the program to regenerate all graphic display and refresh the screen as if it has just been freshly loaded The main use of this control is to overcome situation when a corrupted display may occur due to poor graphic card s update ability or any unexpected runtime error Optimize Mesh AMPView will try to optimize the finite element ordering by reordering the nodes and elements using a customized graph optimization method and then remove the gap in the order if any If there are dummy nodes that are not used in the elements connectivity the user will be prompted to either delete them or to attached them at the end of the model It is recommended to always optimize the mesh for medium and large problem since the cost of the optimization is fast and the saving in solution time cold usually be as high as 50 or more If the model contains nodes that are not used in any element reference they will be removed after the user confirm that these nodes are not necessary AMPView uses an advanced graph traversal scheme to optimize the node and element numbering scheme so they will produce both the minimum frontal width and the smallest direct
148. ve direct in core Strain Formulation Small Strain Total Lagrangian updated Lagrangian The Model System Solution Iteration Control This specifies the iteration procedure to be adopted System Sheet System Controls Solution Controls Inertia Effect Reference Frame l Adaptivity Controls l Solver Controls Initial Solution Cycle Subsequent Iteration Cycles p lterative Solver Controls f Sparse Direct Solver IY Sparse Direct Solver Method PLE S C Sparse lterative Solver Sparse lterative Solver Error Nor o C Frontal Solver Frontal Solver leha TE lt lelenbecemipes Paco lel jo Enter zero for default setting Time Stepping and Result Output Controls Analysis Start timestep 7 Automatic Step Size Control Use Automatic Stepping Controls Maximum Step Size li Minimum Step Size i e 005 Additional Time Stepping Size Controls Optional Result Output Interval Controls a Melglect Restart F Restart lnitialize from result file 12 E oo ul Suppress restart support Analysis Finish timestep 1 Max Iteration limit per step Convergence Error Nomim Z gt 2 Initial TimerStep Increment Size At Time tep TELL Cancel Apply Help Fig 4 4 The Model gt System gt lteration Controls page Model gt System gt lteration Control gt Solver Controls The user is given the option to choose the type of procedure to be adopted in the initial iteration and subsequent iterations in each ana
149. vely and with no reference to element and nodal details It is for this reason too that the user will not find a User s manual for the AMPSol Solvers The use of the program is in fact embedded in the documentation of the Interactions in AMPView The Appendix On AMPSol Capabilities will summarize the features available in the AMPSol Solvers Model Results Finite Eh System Control Define Material Conditions Material Lib Fig 4 1 The Model Menu The user should note the convention for creating the model data here The options below the top menu are called sheets Thus we have the System Sheet the Define Sheet and the Conditions Sheet The options below the Sheets are called Pages If there are finite element entities to be selected we usually start the definition by selecting a geometric F E entity from the Geometry Page AMP View turns this entity into a list of elements elements faces or edges or nodes The appropriate condition or material is then selected from a Property page and attached to the geometric entity Both the geometric selection and the specified conditions can be reviewed and or edited Model System Menu The Model System Controls Menu This menu enables the overall F E Analysis Controls to be set AMPView System 5heet System Controls Solution Controls Inertia Effect Reference Frame Adaptiyity Controls Unit Scaling li Data generated by AMPS Tech Standard Mesh Server Mer 3 0 HM
150. well as material definition The advantage of using geometric quantities is that the models can be built without regard to the finite element mesh size or distribution That is once the boundary conditions and material properties are defined it is possible to re apply a different mesh size and still use the same boundary material definition that have been applied on the geometric entities This is especially important when adaptive meshing control is used since the mesh will either be refined during the analysis or possibly refined by the user manually In such case the definition of the boundary condition and material properties will applied only to the geometry face edge body and not to a specific finite element mesh This is also convenient when testing a model since a coarse mesh can be built and quickly tested Once the model behavior is achieved the user can just refine the finite element mesh size as defined in the fe file and still use the same model definition file defined in dat file Analytical Geometry Selection gt Analytical Geometry Selection Model Results Finite Element Geometric FE Select FE Select K Geometry Entity E Selection Filter Plane ide Unselect All _ oy inder Fig 3 5 Analytical Geometry Menu Analytical Geometry During analysis sometimes an analytical geometry is needed for geometrical boundary condition e g contact This session allow the user to define the analytical geometry for an
151. y is increased by the p_ Order amount specified For example when p Order is one QUAD4 will turn into QUADY and HEX AB will become HEXA27 The Model gt System gt Adaptive Controls gt Highest Automatic p Order When this h Adaptive option is selected all elements are transformed into the highest polynomial order three for the current version unless triangular face elements are detected In such case the highest possible order is two The Model gt System gt Adaptive Controls gt Refinement Target Error Norm The mesh error of the analysis is based on the assumption that the error norm can be computed from the approximation leil oc ne Where lieil is the computed error_norm from AMPSol based on the energy error estimate with h being the mesh size and p being the element s polynomial order The target h and p can be computed based on the specified error norm liei desired The Model gt System gt Adaptive Controls gt Step Interval for New Refinement This specifies the step interval when a refinement should take place for a time stepping analysis In such case the current step result is mapped into the new mesh and the analysis starts from the refined mesh based on the interpolated results generated from the current step Since mesh refinement could generate large amount of elements and nodes care should be 20 AMPView taken to limit the maximum amount of mesh refinement step allowed see Maximum Mesh Refinement Allowed During

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