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1. phone line 3 Plug one end of an Ethernet cable into the local rk LAN port on the device and then plug the other end int orking port of the computer that you want to connect to the I e LAN port should be labeled LAN If you are connecting wi kip this step 4 Start or restart the computer 5 Inthe Control Panel Open conne Connect to the Internet wizard Y 6 Follow the steps in the wizar N SS hess N Combined Ethernet router and broadband modem N A combined modem and router plugged in Too setup a separate modem and router 1 Plug the modem into an electrical outlet Plug one end of a phone cord or cable into the modem and plug the other end into the wall jack DSL users Don t use a DSL filter on the phone line 2 Plug one end of an Ethernet cable into the modem and plug the other end into the wide area network WAN port on the router 3 Plug the router into an electrical outlet 4 Plug one end of an Ethernet cable into the local area network LAN po on the router and plug the other end into the networking port on the computer that you want to connect to the Internet If you are conneeti wirelessly skip this step 5 Start or restart the computer 6 Inthe Control Panel Open connections and Internet Then Connect to the Internet wizard ti 7 Follow the steps in the wizard N i 2 ee yee 4 Broadband modem 2 Ethernet router or hub A modem and router
2. u Oi Devices displayed in the Devi N Pars folder are typically external devices you can connect togr discormect from your computer through a port or Srei network connection KA is also displayed Devices listed inclu NU e Portabl ou carry with you and occasionally connect to your compu as mobile phones portable music players and digital C s ox you plug into a USB port on your computer including external rd drives flash drives webcams keyboards and mice inters connected to your computer which include printers connected c y USB cable the network or wirelessly Wireless devices connected to your computer including Bluetooth devices and Wireless USB devices e Your computer e Compatible network devices connected to your computer such as network enabled scanners media extenders or Network Attached Storage devices NAS devices The Devices and Printers folder allows you to perform many tasks which vary depending on the device Here are the main tasks you can do Add a new wireless or network device or printer to your computer View all the external devices and printers connected to your computer Check to see if a specific device is working properly View information about your devices such as make model and manufacturer including detailed information about the sync capabilities of a mobile phone or other mobile device e Perform tasks with a device When you right click a device icon in the Devices and P
3. 1 Open Backup and Restore in the control panel In the left pane click Create a system image and then follow t steps in the wizard Restore files from a backup You can restore backed up versions of files that are lost damaged og h accidentally You can also restore individual files groups of files orall o iles that you have backed up ve 1 Open Backup and Restore in the control panel 4 2 To restore your files click Restore my files 3 To restore the files of all users click Restore all files 4 To browse the contents of the backup click iles or Browse for folders ae 5 When you are browsing for folders you ble to see the individual files in a folder To view individual file rows for files option 6 To search the contents of the back fp cli earch type all or part of a file name and then click Search AS Recover lost or deleted fi you can try to restore previous version Previous versions are copies of files and folders tha s automatically saves as part of a restore point Previous KE etimes referred to as shadow copies 13 INSTALL OR REMOVE A SOUND CARD If you can t find a file on fe er or you accidently modified or deleted a file you can restore it a ackup if you are using Windows backup or m ind Rew desktop computers come with a built in sound card that you can ace If your computer doesn t have a sound card installed or you want to grade the sound playback or recording capabilities of your comp
4. Make sure the pin 1 on the cable is connected to pin 1 on the drives IDE connector Pin 1 is the red or pink strip on the edge of an IDE cable Connect the other end of the IDE cable to the IDE socket on your motherboard as shown below Ensure sure you connect the cable to pin 1 The IDE socket could be your primary or secondary socket depending which socket you choose If your HDD is on the primary IDE socket and your secondary IDE socket is free then it is better to use your secondary IDE socket for the CD DVD ROM An optical drive is a collective term for CD drives DVD drives CD RW burners and DVD burners All of these devices read information from an optical disk which is different from the magnetic media like floppy disks Experiment 4 Flash Memory amp Cache Memory By completing module you will be able to understand about the flash Memory and important types of flash memories available in the market Cache memory and it s importance e Flash memory is non volatile computer memory that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed e It is a technology that is primarily used in memory cards and USB flash drives thumb drives handy drive memory stick flash stick jump drive Cap N Go for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products e It is a specific type of EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory that is erased and programmed in large blocks e Th
5. Click Add a printer 3 In the Add Printer wizard click Add a network wireless or Bluetooth printer 4 Inthe list of available printers select the one you want to use and then click Next 5 If prompted install the printer driver on your computer by clicking Install driver 6 Complete the additional steps in the wizard and then click Finish Removing a printer we n If you ll no longer be using a printer you can remove it from the pole Printers folder Na 1 Open Devices and Printers 2 Right click the printer that you want to remove cli device and then click Yes If you can t delete the printer right click it Ero Run as Ye administrator click Remove device an Ne S Notes o If you have a multi fungti moe n one printer you can often remove the printer fr i s and Printers without affecting other device functions mple you might continue to see a scanner or faxjcan forthe device o You can t unp inter if you have unfinished jobs in your print queue Eithierde the jobs or wait until Windows has finished printin Oace the queue is clear Windows will remove the KY What to Rem a device isn t installed properly whera nect a new device to your computer Windows automatically tries to i r you and will notify you if a driver for the device can t be found Therevare several things you can try if this happens ake sure your computer is connected to the Internet and automatic updating is turned
6. click the ae fe a E Settings tab Adapter Information 3 Click the Advanced button E E DAC Type Integrated RAMDAC Memory Size 32 MB 4 Click the Adapters tab Adapter String GeForce2 Go Bios Information Version 3 11 0144 5 Click the Properties button under Adapter Type as shown below 6 Click the Driver tab e Select the Properties button under Adapter Type to locate specific driver information including the driver version e You can find the version information beside the Driver Version field Compare this version with the latest version on the manufacturer s Web site e If the driver needs to be updated complete steps four through seven listed under the section entitled Updating Video Drivers e Ifthe latest driver is installed you may need to adjust the resolution and refresh rate this is the rate at which the video card redraws the screen for the video adapter card Incorrect display settings can cause problems with your display Screen Resolution e To configure display settings right click the Windows XP desktop and click Properties to open the Display Properties dialog box e Select the Settings tab shown below to change the resolution settings Use the slider under Screen resolution to IR adjust the settings Typically a 17 inch monitor will have a default resolution of 800x600 Drag the monitor icons to match the physical arrangement of your monitors Display 1 Multi
7. installing a USB 2 0 card inside your computer NA Disconnecting a device NA n unplugging storage Most USB devices can be removed and unplu devices such as USB flash drives make sure t omputer has finished saving any information to the device befogere ing it If the device has an activity light wait for a few seconds Wi as finished flashing before unplugging it If you see the Safely Remove icon in the notification area on the right side of the taskbar you can thiSxas an indication that devices have finished he all operations in progress dy to be removed Click the icon and you ll see a list of devices Cli ice you want to remove Windows will display a notification telling youtkasafe to remove the device Install a pri There a al ways to connect a printer to your PC Which option you choose depe n device itself and whether you re at home or at the office Alwa nsult the information that came with your model for specific jons cal printers The most common way to install a printer is to connect it directly to your computer This is known as a local printer If your printer is a universal serial bus USB model Windows should automatically detect and install it when you plug it in If it s an older model that connects using the serial or parallel port you might have to install it manually To install add a local printer Click to open Devices and Printers Click Add a printer In the
8. to sync with a mobile phone or change ringtones o Troubleshoot a device with a problemRight click a devi computer with the yellow warning icon click Troubles it while the troubleshooter tries to detect problems i ke several minutes and then follow the NS 11 INSTALLING AND UNINSTAL SOFTWARE e Take steps to fix devices that aren t working properly You can do a lot with the programs s included in Windows but you ll probably want to install other pro How you add a program de eso ere the installation files for the program are located Typically pr rage installed from a CD or DVD from the Internet or from a netw rkNif want to uninstall or make changes to a program already instalfedion your computer see Uninstall or change a program To installa rom a CD or DVD Insert SS our computer and follow the instructions on your screen s Ma made installed from CDs or DVDs launch an installation wizard for the pro omatically In these cases the AutoPlay dialog box will appear and you c oose to run the wizard cy OS doesn t begin to install check the information that came with the ogram This information will likely provide instructions for installing the program manually If you cannot access the information you can also browse through the disc and open the program setup file usually called Setup exe or Install exe If your program was written for an earlier version of Windows some older programs might run po
9. Controller H A Ports COM amp LPT lt S SCSI and RAID controllers W Sound video and game controllers H system devices Universal Serial Bus controllers NOTE Not all of these properties will be populated for a given device In other words although all of these properties are listed some may not contain information when viewing a particular device gt Troubleshooting Device Conflicts in the Device Manager Troubleshooting Information If there is a problem with a device it is listed in the hardware tree Also the problem device has a symbol that indicates the type of problem A black exclamation point on a yellow field indicates the device is in a problem state Note that a device that is in a problem state can be functioning A problem code explaining the problem is displayed for the device A red X indicates a disabled device A disabled device is a device that is physically present in the computer and is consuming resources but does not have a protected mode driver loaded A blue i on a white field on a device resource in Computer properties indicates that the Use automatic settings feature is not selected for the device and that the resource was manually selected Note that this does not indicate a problem or disabled state A green question mark in Device Manager Means that a compatible driver for this device is installed indicating the possibility that all of the functionality may not
10. KoM check the information that came with your device to see if yo x install any additional software a USB device isn t recognized by Windows and doesn t come with isc Npa a a driver In that case you can try to find a device driver online By checking the website of the device manufacturer you can often nload drivers from the Support section of such sites Notes e When connecting a device to a USB port on a USB hub monitor or other device that s plugged into your computer make sure that the USB port has enough power to support your device Smaller devices such as USB flash drives and mice and devices with their own power cords such as printers typically work properly when connected to an unpowered USB hub Some devices that use more power such as USB powered scanners and web cameras require a hub that has its own power cord to function properly If a device doesn t work properly when connected to a hub try connecting it directly to one of your computer s USB ports e Devices that transfer large amounts of information such as external disks scanners and video cameras function best when connected high speed USB 2 0 ports Some older computers might include 1 x ports or a mix of USB 1 x and 2 0 ports If your device regt speed port to function properly check the information that c with your computer to make sure that theport you re using support Or If your computer includes only USB 1 x ports you can add We orts by
11. and programs on your computer Some e mail viruses information in messages when spreading Even wh damaging information the process of replication S ur computer and Internet connection Y Types of viruses Virus damage can range from slowing computer performance information and programs In the worst case viruses del There are many type of viruses Typi are simply programs or scripts that will do various damage to you such as corrupting files copying itself into files slowly deleting k d drive etc This depends on the virus Most viruses also mail themselves er people in the address book This way they spread really fast an others inboxes as too many people still fall for these Most viruses Wi onvince you to open the attachment but have never got one that tri m n fact found myself emailing people just to make sure they really di d me something It does not hurt to be safe Worms lt Worms rent type of viruses but the same idea but they are usually designados y themselves a lot over a network and usually try to eat up as muchsbandwidth as possible by sending commands to servers to try to get in The ed worm is a good example of this This worm breaks in a security ia Wicrosoft IIS Internet Information Server in which is a badly coded http rver that despite the security risks a lot of people use it When the worm cessfully gets in it will try to go into other servers from there Trojans Trojans are anoth
12. for troubleshooting problems and test printing without a computer They are usually initiated by pressing a button or two while turning on the printer Check your user manual gt Ifthe printer test prints OK you don t have any problem with print mechanism of the printer Then you may check the connectivity of the printer 8 Check wether it has ink or toner Check wether the ink or toner of the printer is there In case it is there check if it is properly filled or not Check if the heads of the toners are clean or not One must have to clean them periodically VV Vv 9 Check wether it has enough paper for printing purpose gt Be sure the paper is installed correctly and there is enough of it Most printers have a paper out detector On most dot matrix printers it is a photo diode If form fed paper is not aligned correctly usually on the left side the diode won t see it 10 Check whether the printer is jammed e Paper jams are frequently the reason for malfunction in many printers Always read the manual on how to clear a jam o Don t be in a rush with your printer as you can easily damage a printer or even get hurt if you do not follow instructions in the user manual o Don t move a print head unless the instructions direct it You can damage the belt etc e Turn the power off amp unplug it before you start doing something o Laser printers have some very fine wires to remove static charges from the paper near the
13. for these sections then your sound card drivers have not been installed AWEG4 Wave In F 3 If you have a device listed here such as AWE64 Wave Out or Sound Blaster 16 then your drivers are installed A Make sure to check the Show volume control on the taskbar option If you do not have drivers installed Multimedia Properties 1 Consult your sound card documentation or follow this basic guide on how to install drivers for your sound card Bece 2 You will need the disk or CDROM that was given to you Line Input Devices 2 Media Control Devices i initi E ne along with your sound card initially 4 Audio Compression Codecs am Video Capture Devices e Joystick Devices H 4 Other Multimedia Devices B B es and Instruments B 3 Switch to the Devices tab of the Multimedia Properties box Add 4 Click Add Unlisted or Updated Driver f MCI CD Audio 5 Choose Unlisted or Updated Driver and MCI Microsoft Video for Windows x it ii MCI Midi Sequencer click OK MCI Sound Cinepak Codec by Radius Inc Compaq Business Audio Creative Labs Sound Blaster 1 x Pro 16 Install Driver 6 Enter the path to the disk or CDROM that came with the Sound Card and hit OK 7 Select your card and click OK 8 Your machine may need to reboot II Checking Sound Levels and Speaker Volume Once you know you have a card and drivers installed check the volume and make sure it is at an audible
14. fuser mechanism which will break if you are not very careful Also the fuser itself can be very hot it fuses melts toner to the paper 11 Check wether the RAM is sufficient gt The printer memory could be full and not getting prints and prints may be stuck in print queue Turn off the printer wait a few seconds and turn it back on 12 Check whether the software print drivers installed or not gt We have to check the correct device drivers software of the printer installed in OS gt Refer installation steps in windows DOS Linux in to user manual or vendors web site 13 Check the printer connectivity with right port in BIOS settings gt Check Cable connectivity with printers Check the following points a The pins of DB25 connector are properly connected or not b Check the various connectivity s of either side e g USB DB25 etc c Many printers now require an IEEE 1284 and Bi Directional USB cables shouldn t be longer than 15 feet d Check for bent pins Try another cable gt Is there something else connected to the printer port Disconnect it and uninstall the device drivers for it Experiment 8 Uninterrupted Power Supply UPS By completing this module you will be able to understand various types of UPSs available in the market UPS is an electronic device that continues to supply electric power to the load for certain periods of time during a loss of main power from electricity board or when the power f
15. into the networking port on the computer Enea ant to connect to the Internet If you are connecting O is step rofPanel Open connections and Internet Then open the he Internet wizard steps in the wizard 1 Broadband modem 2 Ethernet router or hub A modem and router plugged in N TROUBLESHOOTING CONNECTION PROBLEMS Internet connection problems are most commonly cause nnected cables or by routers or modems that are not operati First try these steps 1 If you haven t already done so run th SD shat to see if it can help diagnose and solve your prob ick on Control panel in that open connections and Internet the Network troubleshooter 2 Make sure that all cables are for example make sure your modem is connected to a w ne jack or cable connection either directly or through a rou 3 Restart your modem th a r start your router Remove the power cable from the mo uter After all lights on the device have gone out wait at least s and then plug the modem and router back in Some mod have a battery backup that prevents the lights from going out Fe NG e of modem press and quickly release the Reset button N we 1 antenna 3 WAN port gt 2 LAN ports 4 power cable The back of a router showing the location of the power cable Problem The system can t connect to t t through a broadband Digital Subscriber Line D le connection Try these things NS e Make sure that y
16. is started in Safe Mode you can install the correct video driver using Device Manager These steps are outlined in detail under the heading Updating Video Drivers later in the article o The video problem discussed above can also be the result of over clocking This is a popular method used to get more performance out of a hardware component such as a video card adapter however it can result in display problems The problem can once again be resolved by starting Windows XP is Safe Mode and configure the video card to operate at its default speed Poor Display A poor display on a monitor can mean a number of different things like e Images may appear to be fuzzy e Text that appears on the screen may be distorted and difficult to read e The monitor may flicker A poor display can also lead to other problems such as head aches and sore eyes Therefore this is definitely a problem that you are going to want to correct as soon as possible A poor display can be caused by a number of different things You should first verify that the latest driver for the video adapter has been installed You can determine which driver version is currently installed in Windows XP by completing the steps outlined below 1 Right click the Windows desktop and click Multiple Monitors and NVIDIA GeForce2 Go Dell Mo Properties General Adapter Monitor Troubleshoot Color Management Adapter Type 2 From the Display Properties dialog box
17. lt n gt where lt n gt is any number from 0 to 9 it may be necessary to change the configuration by selecting a different basic configuration from the list If the particular configuration you want for the device is not listed as a basic configuration it may be possible to click the Change Setting button to manually adjust the resource values For example to edit the Input Output Range setting Click the Use automatic settings check box to clear it Click Change Setting Click the appropriate I O range for the device NOTE To disable a device in Device Manager right click the device and then click Disable If the issue continues to occur you may need to contact the manufacturer of your computer or motherboard to inquire about how to obtain and install a BIOS update for your computer EXPERIMENT 7 General troubleshooting tips for printers By completing this module you will be able to understand and learn how to manage general printer problems that we normally face It is not possible to describe all of the steps one might take to fix every make model and type of printer However in many cases following these simple set of procedures and a logical approach may save your time or money 1 Refer the User Manual e Read the manual thoroughly and follow the steps to connect the printer to PC o In general the printers are having connectivity with parallel port of PC and nowadays the USB connectivity is also avail
18. not gged on as an administrator this option is not Privilege l Q he program as an administrator Some programs uire administrator privileges to run properly If you are not currently logged on as an administrator this option is not available Ch fora le tings Lets you choose settings that will apply to all users on this computer Toistall a program from the Internet 7 In your web browser click the link to the program 2 Do one of the following To install the program immediately click Open or Run and follow the instructions on your screen e To install the program later click Save and download the installation file to your computer When you are ready to install the program double click the file and follow the instructions on your screen This is a safer option because you can scan the installation file for viruses before you proceed Note o When downloading and installing programs from the Internet be sure N trust the publisher of the program and the website that is offering Y X er use it or if you ms and Features to n by adding or removing Uninstall or change a program You can uninstall a program from your computer if y want to free up space on your hard disk You can uninstall programs or to change a program s c certain options 1 Go to Control panel and open P ms and Features 2 Select a program and then cli ll Some programs inc
19. replaced e ROM gives permanent and secure data storage However if a mistake is made in manufacture a ROM chip becomes unusable useless e The most expensive stage of ROM manufacture therefore is creating the template If a template is readily available duplicating the ROM chip is very easy and affordable e A ROM chip is also non volatile so data stored in it is not lost when power is turned off RAM versus ROM RAM ROM e provides the user random access to e provides the user random access to stored data stored data e provides only short term memory since e Provides long term storage since data stored in RAM is lost when power data is permanently etched into the is turned off ROM chip e RAM s data can frequently and speedily be altered and changed at will e ROM cannot be reconfigured at all Sound Card e Responsible for any noise that comes out of your PC apart from the whirring of fans and spinning drives Most motherboards now come with built in sound chips Video Card e A video card also referred to as a graphics accelerator card display adapter graphics card and numerous other terms e Itis an item of personal computer hardware whose function is to generate and output images to a display e It operates on similar principles as a sound card or other peripheral devices e A network card network adapter LAN Adapter or NIC network interface card is a piece of computer ha
20. settings for video cards that are mounted to the motherboard This will require you to check the documentation that was sent with the hardware o The cable running from the monitor to the video port may also be the one of the reason for the problem o Examine the monitor cable to ensure that there are no broken or bent pins A bent pin can usually be straightened using a pair of sharp nosed pliers In the case of a broken pin you will need to contact the manufacturer of the monitor to determine if the cable can be replaced o Also check that the cable running from the monitor to the VGA port is secure Although these may seem like simple trouble shooting steps it is often the simple ones that people over looked Operating System does not appear e If the contents of the start up process appear on the monitor but the display is blank after it is complete this would indicate that there is an operating system video related problem o For example an incorrect video driver may have been installed such as one that is not compatible with the operating system e Trouble shooting this problem in Windows XP o you will have to start the computer in Safe Mode by pressing F8 when the Starting Windows message appears o From the boot menu select the Safe Mode option This will force Windows XP to start using the standard VGA driver instead of the video driver that is used when the operating system is started normally o Once the computer
21. share files by placing them in one of the P Any file or folder you put in a Public folder is automatically ith the people connected to your network To turn on ing follow these steps Public S oe advanced sharing settings iC the chevron to expand the current network profile 3 er Public folder sharing click one of the following options G o Turn on sharing so anyone with network access can read and write N files in the Public folders o Turn off Public folder sharing people logged on to this computer can still access these folders 4 Click Save changes If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation type the password or provide confirmation You will need to repeat the previous steps on each computer that you want to share files from To share your files save them or copy them to a Public folder on your computer There is a Public folder for each type of library Documents Music Videos and Pictures Every person with a user account on the computer shares these folders For example to open the Public Documents folder 1 Open the Documents library 2 Inthe navigation pane under Libraries double click Documents and then double click Public Ns Rey gt AS gO gt Libraries Documents Public Documents Organize v Share with v New folder aF Favorites Documents library BB Desktop Public Documents JB Downloads Haa s 2 Recent Places aT Libraries 4 Documents IP My Docume
22. signals Thise d base stations provide wireless access to a wired Ethernet Access ct aYot like cellular phone towers you can move from one location to another a ue to have wireless access to a network When you connect to the Inte essly using a public wireless network in an airport coffee shop or hotel you a ally connecting through an access point If you want to connect your rs wirelessly and you have a router that provides wireless capability you don t e an access point Access points don t have built in technology for sharing Internet nections To share an Internet connection you must plug an access point into a router or a modem with a built in router The using software is free version you can upgrade it to the upgrade version http www allofficetool com 1 Internet 2 Cable or DSL jack 5 Wired computer 3 Broadband modem 6 Wireless computer 4 Wired router 7 Wireless access point Network with a wired router and access point S 7 Beo can set up your wireless network you ll need the following items s Kabana Internet connection and modem A broadband Internet connection is a high speed Internet connection in contrast to a dial up connection which is slower and not powerful enough to support a wireless network Digital Subscriber Line DSL and cable are two of the most common broadband connections You can get a broadband connection by contacting an Internet service provider ISP Typically ISPs
23. that came with your modem or go to the manufactdrer s website oar telephone company to verify the quality of your line mputer has two network connections the networking software choose which connection to use for network traffic The networking ware picks the connection with the best performance If connection A as Internet connectivity but slow performance and connection B has no Internet connectivity but better local network performance the networking software will route network traffic over connection B This means that you won t be able to view websites so the networking icon and the network diagram in Network and Sharing Center will report that you only have local connectivity no Internet This is correct but it s not what you want To force your computer to use connection A the connection with Internet connectivity disconnect connection B and try again Qe SNS 15 SETTING UP A WIR Hubs switches router used to connect co network but eac aj th capabilities Y a etwork to communicate Each computer plugs into t gable and information sent from one computer to e hub A hub can t identify the source or intended ation it receives so it sends the information to all of the access points are all together ona has different Hubs enable comp the hub with an another pass destination of l h 1 Internet 2 Cable or DSL jack 3 Broadband modem 4 Host computer S Wired hub Network wi
24. that provide DSL are telephone companies and ISPs that provide cable are cable TV companies ISPs often offer broadband modems and might even install it for you Some ISPs also offer combination modem wireless routers You can also find these at computer or electronics stores Illustration of a cable and DSL modem Typical cable modem left and DSL modem right d Wireless router S Y A router sends information between your rata he Internet With a wireless router you can connect computefs to your network using radio signals es of wireless network technologies instead of wires There are a few diffe including 802 11a 802 11b and 80 ecommend using a router that supports 802 119 because it is fas vides a strong wireless signal Typical wireless router Wi Sewon adapters ork adapter is a device that connects your computer to a network To nect your laptop or desktop computer to your wireless network the computer must have a wireless network adapter Most laptops and many desktop computers come with a wireless network adapter already installed To check if your computer has a wireless network adapter follow these steps 1 open Device Manager in Control panel options 2 Double click Network adapters 3 Look for a network adapter that includes wireless in the name Device Manager _ gt wa Cg h File Action View Help s ee oe 4 Home Computer a Computer Sica Disk drives Display adapter
25. Add Printer wizard click Add a local printer AR OhYH m On the Choose a printer port page make sure that the Use an exis port button and the recommended printer port are selected an Next 5 On the Install the printer driver page select the printer manu r kand model and then click Next o If your printer isn t listed click Windows Update j j Windows checks for additional drivers o If none are available and you have the instal D click Have Disk and then browse to the folder where j located For additional help consultsth jater manual 6 Complete the additional steps in the wiz hen click Finish Tips o You can print a test page N sure the printer is working correctly See Print ge If you ve installed the printer but it doesn t wore e manufacturer s website for troubleshooting information or driver updates Network printers K rji In the workplace ers are network printers These connect directly to a network as a Sta ane device Inexpensive network printers are also made for the home To le 20re see Install a printer on a home network N open Devices and Printers 1 2 Click Add a printer 3 In the Add Printer wizard click Add a network wireless or Bluetooth printer 4 Inthe list of available printers select the one you want to use and then click Next 5 If prompted install the printer driver on your computer by clicking Install driver 6 Complete the additional steps in the wiza
26. D Card slots Current SD Card capacities range up to 16 GB Multimedia Card MMC A MultiMediaCard MMC is an IC Integrated Circuit which is stored in a compact and rugged plastic enclosure Multi Media Cards MMC are designed to store data and to enable the transfer of data between devices equipped with MultiMediaCard MMC slots Super Current MultiMediaCard MMC capacities range up to 2GB Talent Cache Memory Cache Memory is a special high speed mechanism It can be either a reserved part of main memory or an independent high speed storage device In Personal Computers There are two types of caching are commonly used are memory caching and disk caching A memory cache sometimes called a cache store or RAM cache is a portion of memory made of high speed static RAM SRAM instead of the slower and cheaper dynamic RAM DRAM used for Main Memory Memory caching is effective because most programs access the same data or instructions over and over By keeping as much of this information as possible in SRAM the computer avoids accessing the slower DRAM Some memory caches are built into the architecture of microprocessors CACHE e Disk caching works under the same principle as memory caching but instead of using high speed SRAM a disk cache uses conventional main memory e The most recently accessed data from the disk is stored in a memory buffer When a program needs to access data from the disk it first c
27. Lb g VISAKHAPATNAM BRANCH D CM E YEAR 2 year SEMESTER IV Certificate Chis is to certify that this ts a bonafide lab work done by Mr Ms of Signature of Lab Jn charge Experiment name Remarks Signature Experiment name Remarks Signature EXPERIMENT 1 PREREQUISITES AND PRECAUTIONS FOR SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING The troubleshooting tips provided here are to primarily solve an existing problem not to create a new one In case performing a certain action makes you uncomfortable call in someone with more expertise And if you do decide to proceed with any of our Advanced Steps please be careful before proceeding Points to remember while troubleshooting e Prior to opening your computer s case check to see if the machine s warranty is still valid If so send it back to the manufacturer for repair as digging around inside the case can void the warranty e You may also try calling your PC s manufacturer for tech support especially if you ve already paid for it Often tech support can provide quick fixes or will replace faulty components that are still under warranty Many manufacturers offer online chat email support and other options in addition to phone support e Take the appropriate safety measures before making any hardware adjustments o First purchase an antistatic wrist strap and mat Static electricity can severely dama
28. NG UP A MENS ORK Ne to connect computers Hubs switches routers and access point A together on a network but each of them ge aiie nt capabilities Hubs WS Hubs enable computers on twork t communicate Each computer plugs into the hub with an Ethernet information sent from one computer to another passes throug h hub can t identify the source or intended destination of the info ioi to receives so it sends the information to all of the ItNncluding the one that sent it A hub can send or igcan t do both at the same time This makes hubs ubs are the least complex and the least expensive of slower than s lite Pe these S 9 b nternet Cable or DSL jack Broadband modem Host computer uw A W IN e Wired hub Network with a hub V7 Switches destination of the info othat they receive so they send that information to at aressupposed to receive it Switches can send and j g AN same time so they can send information faster than hubs can If Mj ome network has four or more computers or you want to use your network foractivities that require passing a lot of information between comput as playing network games or sharing music you should prob Switch instead of a hub Switches cost a little more than hubs Switches work the sam CNAA but they can identify the intended PA 2 S ers enable computers to communicate and they can pass information tween two networks such as between your home ne
29. Pulse dialing m 2 Click the Modems tab 3 Click Add and then follo i ctions in the Add Hardware Wizard To remove a modem Ce If Windows au SS installs the wrong driver or if you have problems with your BY u can remove it ea Phone and Modem option in the control panel menu the Modems tab Se odem you want to remove and then click Remove Cha modem settings e uxan change modem settings such as the speaker volume 1 Open Phone and Modem option in the control panel menu 2 Click the Modems tab 3 Select the modem you want to change the settings for and then click Properties Change the settings you want and then click OK A Set up a broadband DSL or cable connection To set up a Digital Subscriber Line DSL or cable connection you first need an account with an Internet service provider ISP For DSL the ISP is usually a phone company for cable it s usually a cable TV provider You will also need a modem a router or a device that combines the two Some ISPs will provide you with these devices if your ISP doesn t you ll need to buy them When you have your modem router or combination device either foll the instructions provided by your ISP or follow the corresponding steps L To setup a combined modem and router 1 Plug the device into an electrical outlet 2 Plug one end of a phone cord or cable into the wide area port of the device and then plug the other end into the w
30. SL or cable connection Winsock corruption can cause connectivity problems To fix this open the Network troubleshooter Ask your Internet service provider ISP to verify that its servers are functioning correctly and that you have an ISP user account and access to the ISP service If you have recently replaced your router or modem ask your ISP if it uses MAC address filtering If so your ISP must add your new device to the li of devices that can access the network Problem the system can t connect to the Internet through a dial u N we connection or system being disconnected a q Try these things Make sure that you are dialing the corr he number including any required access numbers such as 9 a is not busy Make sure that the phone jack is working To test this plug in a working phone and see if there is a dial tone Make sure that the phone cable is pluggedgnt ine jack on your modem not the telephone jack Make sure that the phone cable is no eae y plugging a working phone into the telephone jack of yeur em If there is a dial tone the phone cable is working If you have call waiting try disa lay ind then try the connection again Your ISP might have disco u if you weren t interacting with the website for a while Try again If someone picked up fhe phage while you were online you might have been automatically ted Try connecting again k only with analog phone lines Verify that you fen ation
31. Your computer must be connected to the Internet for Windows to be able to search online for a device driver To see if your computer is connected to the Internet open your web browser and try accessing a website If you re temporarily disconnected such as when you re traveling with a laptop wait until you re online again and then try reinstalling your device Windows can t check for the latest drivers unless automatic updating is turned on Most people turn on automatic updating the first time they use Windows but if you re not sure you did you should check to make sure it s turned on Be sure to select the option to include recommended updates or Windows will install important updates only Important updates provide significant benefits such as improved security and reliability but recommended updates might include drivers for some of your devices T Manually check for drivers on Windows Update Ys If you didn t have automatic updating turned on or you weren t conso he Y Internet when you connected a new device to your computer you s eck to see if Windows can now find a driver for your device Even if uter is always connected to the Internet you should still check Wind dates for optional updates if some of your hardware isn t working p ional updates often contain new driver updates Windows U not install optional updates automatically but it will notify you whe ittinds some and let you choose whether to install them Ins
32. a wireless networ er and driver installed and the adapter is enabled 1 Click to open Connect to a Network y 2 Inthe list of available wireless networks rk and then click Connect Some networks require a network ey or passphrase To connect to one of those networks ask th twork administrator or the service provider for the security key SNS
33. able with the printer o Also we can connect the printers in the network if they are coming with RJ 45 connectors 2 Check the manufacturer s web site e Suppose if you have missed somewhere the user manual of printer you may access the concerned manufacturer s web site for the details of the printer 3 Check the plug at Power outlet gt Ensure the printer is plugged into a live outlet If it is plugged into a surge protector make sure it is on 4 What if the power is on but there is no print out gt Make sure that the power is on and there is no error lights LEDs lit gt If there are error lights refer to the user manual manufacturer s web site gt You should hear the print mechanism initialize when power is applied and most printers have at least one light which will be illuminated when it is on 5 Check whether it is online or not gt Online means most of the printers are connected directly to the PC Please check whether the connectivity between PC and printer as per user manual or not 6 In case it is beeping try to find out the reason for it gt Most printers will beep once or twice during or after initialization If it beeps more than that or beeps constantly it is an indication that something is wrong Most of the printers will beep when out of paper or out of ink 7 Check wether you are able to give a test print gt Most printers have a built in diagnostics program which can be very useful
34. adapter card and the motherboard Problems with any of these components can cause problems with your computer s display For a quick refresher the video adapter card is a board that is plugged into your computer s system board and monitor to provide display capabilities There are many different types of video cards available on the market However most are susceptible to the same common types of problems A few common video card related problems along with the possible trouble shooting tips are dicussed below No Display on the Monitor One common problem that occurs is that the operating system such as Windows XP never appears In other words the computer starts up but nothing appears on the monitor o Assuming that you have already ruled out the monitor as being the source of the problem your next step should be to take a look at the video card o This particular problem can be caused from several different things such as a video card that is not properly seated or a loose connection from the video card to the monitor Troubleshooting this problem will require you to locate the video card inside your computer and verify the following o Assuming that the video card adapter is separate from the motherboard you should check that the card is properly seated o Sometimes one end of the card may come out of the slot when it is initially screwed resulting in no display appearing on the monitor o Verify the correct jumper
35. aek backups on a hard drive or network loc indows Backup will create a new full backup for you automatica eded If you re saving your backups on CDs or DVDs an an existing backup disc or if you want to create a new backup ofall of the files on your computer you can create a full backup Her 1 Open Backup and Restore ontrol panel 2 Inthe left pane click te New full backup Note You wil Le this option if your backup is being saved on Ds To set up fter upgrading from a previous version of Windows After yo NA Windows you will need to set up Windows Backup even if you ha c eduled backup in the previous version of Windows This is because ther s veral changes to the backup program Instead of selecting file types t backup you can have Windows back up data files saved in libraries on the o and in default Windows folders or you can choose specific libraries and ers to be backed up You can also create a system image of your computer Back up your programs system settings and files You can create a system image which contains a copy of Windows and copies of your programs system settings and files The system image is then stored in a separate location from the original programs settings and files You can use this image to restore the contents of your computer if your hard disk or entire computer ever stops working If you re using Windows Backup to back up your files you can have a system image created each time y
36. al or pirated products e You are lured to the site by a bait and switch NS i which the product or service is not what you were expecting e You are asked for a credit card as a veri information that does not seem nece e You are asked to provide a credit gard n transaction is secure Y When to trust a website Y Knowing when to trust a A in part on who publishes the website K dentity or for personal er without proof that the what information they hat you want from the site If you re not sure whether to trust a w consider these questions Are you visiting a w Is the websi coat y an Internet trust organization Is the XY ned by a company or organization that you know well e site ask you for personal information don t recognize the site do you have other information to help you decide Do eh il website is there a way to contact someone by phone or mail When to trust an e mail message E mail is a great way to keep in touch with other people Unfortunately it can also open your computer to security risks computer viruses and potentially malicious software if you re not careful about the messages and attachments that you open Before opening any e mail message or attachment be sure that you have an up to date antivirus program installed The antivirus program should be configured to scan messages as they arrive real time and to scan all types of file attachments Here are some questions you can as
37. all of the Rates can create a full backup Here s how to creat 1 Open Backup and Restore in the see omputer you up 2 Inthe left pane click Create new full ka Note You will only see thi tion if your backup is being saved on CDs or DVDs To set up backup after ing from a previous version of Windows Xe After you upgrade Wi on will need to set up Windows Backup even if you had a scheduled b p in the previous version of Windows This is because there are several Qaes the backup program Instead of selecting file types to back up yo Windows back up data files saved in libraries on the desktop and i Windows folders or you can choose specific libraries and folders t acked up You can also create a system image of your computer Ba our programs system settings and files n create a system image which contains a copy of Windows and copies of r programs system settings and files The system image is then stored ina parate location from the original programs settings and files You can use this image to restore the contents of your computer if your hard disk or entire computer ever stops working If you re using Windows Backup to back up your files you can have a system image created each time your files are backed up By default this system image will only include the drives required for Windows to run To include additional drives in the system image or to create a system image manually follow the steps below
38. an your computer for viruses Trojans spyware and other threats that could be causing problems If none of these steps solves the problem check to see if your computer is still under warranty and find out how to send it back If the warranty has expired unplug the computer open up the PC s case and proceed to the Advanced Steps Advanced Steps Make sure that the hard drive is firmly connected to both the power supply and the motherboard Reseat the video card Clear the CMOS by resetting the jumper on the motherboard Before you do so consult the motherboard or computer s documentation and be very careful while handling these components If your computer has more than one stick of RAM remove them all and try adding them back starting with the slot closest to the processor If the PC boots with one and not the other you likely have a faulty stick of RAM Make sure that the correct hard drive is set as the primary master drive and that the proper cable is connected See the back of the hard drive to set master and slave settings Replace the hard drive cable s with known working ones Remove the PC s main power supply and replace it with a known working one If none of this works you may want to take the drive in for service or replace it altogether If at all possible back up your data first 4 Problem Windows won t Boot After BIOS POST has been completed orPC crashes Initial Steps Make s
39. assword Most router manufacturers have a default user name and password on the router as well as a default network name Someone could use this information to access your router without you knowing it To avoid tha risk change the default user name and password for your router C RS the information that came with your device for instructions e Setup a security key for your network Just as file cabinets nho d safes have combinations wireless networks have a network rity key to help protect them from unauthorized access To set u e security key follow these steps 1 open Network and Sharing Center in RN igs of control panel 2 Click Set up a new connection or network 3 Click Set up a new network and theg c f The wizard will walk you through creatin NX name and a security key If your router will support it thewi I default to Wi Fi Protected Access WPA or WPA2 security k recommend that you use WPAZ2 if r possible because it offers bett than WPA or Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP security Wit WPA you can also use a passphrase so you don emember a cryptic sequence of letters and numbers lt G Set Up a Network Give your network a name Your network needs a unique name so that it can be easily identified It is best to keep the name short 25 characters ce less and recognizable Type your network name Security enabted network Your network is bang set up using WPA2 Personal Change passphrase secunty
40. ates ca prevent viruses and other computer attacks by closing pass Bac holes Make sure that Windows receives these updates by tUi Windows automatic updating Use a firewall Windows Fi fany other firewall program can help alert you to suspicious if a virus or worm attempts to connect to your computer It can a iruSes ly harmful worms and hackers from attempting to downloa programs to your computer REMOVAL OF A VIRUS FROM THE C h S Keep your antivirus program up to Kej u have already installed an it s 1 antivirus program on your com important that you keep it up to date Because new viruses a ba tten all the time most antivirus programs are updated fre ck your antivirus program s documentation or visit t eee to learn how to receive updates Be aware that some viru Voot common antivirus websites making it so you cannot go to t tto download antivirus updates If this happens check withkyotugantivirus vendor to see if they have a disc you can use to inst e latest updates It might be possible for you to create this disc o ern er that is not infected for example on a friend s comput N Use th s Software Removal Tool Microsoft offers the Malicious hoe moval Tool The tool scans your computer for most new nd malicious software After you run the tool you will get a report cribes any malicious software found on your computer and lists all iruses it scanned for p a runaway virus Viruses are often creat
41. be available Note that this applies only to Windows Millennium Edition Me NOTE Some sound cards and video adapters do not report all of the resources that they use to Windows This can cause Device Manager to show only one device in conflict or no conflicts at all This can be verified by disabling the sound card or by using the standard VGA video driver to see if the conflict is resolved Note that this is a known problem with S3 video adapters and 16 bit Sound Blaster sound cards or those sound cards that are using Sound Blaster emulation for Sound Blaster compatibility When you double click a specific device in Device Manager you see a property sheet The property sheet has a General tab NOTE Some devices may have other tabs besides the General tab Not all property sheets have the same tabs some devices may have a Resources tab Driver tab and Settings tab or some combination of these At the top of the property sheet there is a description of the device When you click the Resources tab the window in the middle of the tab indicates which resource types are available for the selected device The list box at the bottom contains a Conflicting device list This list indicates a conflict with an error code Note the Use automatic settings check box If Windows successfully detects a device this check box is selected and the device should function correctly However if the resource settings are based on Basic Configuration
42. blem The PC does not boot the power and HDD LED does not come on and there is no display on monitor Check that your main power cable is plugged into the ATX power supply Make sure you have connected the ATX power connector to the motherboard Check if the cable for the power switch at front of the PC is connected to the correct pins on the motherboard 6 Problem The power LED comes on but the PC does not boot there is no display on monitor Check if the processor is firmly into the socket Check CPU jumpers to verify if CPU frequency is correctly set 7 Problem The PC does not boot but is beeping Different BIOS manufacturers use various number of beeps to indicate faults with various hardware In an Award BIOS motherboard you will get following kinds of beeps 1 long 2 short Graphics card is not securely into place or faulty 1 long 3 short Graphics card is not securely into place or faulty video memory Continuous beeps No memory or memory not securely into place or could be faulty Continuous high low beeps No CPU or CPU not securely into place or could be faulty Please refer to your motherboard manual to confirm what the beeps are trying to tell you 8 Problem The PC boots but the CPU speed is incorrect The CPU frequency jumper setting is incorrect Refer to your motherboard manual to set it correctly 9 Problem The HDD is not being detected by the BIOS Check if you connected the IDE
43. cable to the motherboard correctly Check wether the pin 1 on the IDE cable connected to pin 1 on the IDE sockets on both motherboard connector and HDD connector Check if the HDD jumper is set to master and any other device sharing the same cable is set to slave 10 Problem Cannot access my CD DVD ROM in DOS mode hence cannot install Windows This is because the CD DVD ROM device driver is not installed Install the manufacturer supplied device driver If you do not have a device driver disk you can use the windows boot disk which will provide access to your CD DVD ROM so that you can install Windows 10 INSTALLING AND UNINSTALLING THE HARDWARE amp TROUBLESHOOTING MALFUNCTIONS OF HARDWARE INSTALLATIONS You can install most hardware or mobile devices just by plugging them into your computer Windows will automatically install the appropriate driver if it s availab If it s not Windows will prompt you to insert a software disc that may have with your hardware device X Install a USB device aN Install a printer Ye What to do when a device isn t installed properly Q Install view and manage your devices Automatically get recommended drivers and upd ur devices Install or remove a sound card Install or remove a hard disk drive How can I decide which drivers are safe Cc Typically the first time you connect a device into a USB port Windows automatically installs a driver for that oak e Drivers allow your comp
44. cally after ygu ect a new device some devices require that you install drivers m In those cases the device manufacturer includes a software disc ions on installing the driver before plugging in the device If you came with software from the manufacturer check to see if it s compa h this version of Windows If it s not compatible or doesn t say whic ns of Windows it s designed for try plugging the device in first to see if ind ws can find a compatible driver e instructions that came with your device contradict the information in this pic follow those instructions Plugging in and turning on a device Most USB devices that have power switches should be turned on before you connect them If your device uses a power cord connect the device to a power source Then turn it on before connecting it Next determine which USB port you want to connect your device to If your computer has USB ports on the front consider using one of those if you plan to frequently connect and disconnect the device You can use any port the next time you plug in the mS T A typical USB cable and port device Plug the device into the USB port If eN find and install the device driver automatically you ll be notified th ce is ready to use Otherwise you ll be prompted to insert a disc nR driver Installing device driver software Click here for status Windows will gow it finishes successfully installing a device After i Tx
45. cluding external USB hard drives fla doves ebcams keyboards and mice e All printers conne computer which include printers connected by USB cable t cn or wirelessly e Wireless Zercom cted to your computer including Bluetooth devices B and Wireles vices e o S Do S ork devices connected to your computer such as gabled scanners media extenders or Network Attached evices NAS devices The iC s and Printers folder allows you to perform many tasks which vary a ing on the device Here are the main tasks you can do AN Add a new wireless or network device or printer to your computer e View all the external devices and printers connected to your computer e Check to see if a specific device is working properly e View information about your devices such as make model and manufacturer including detailed information about the sync capabilities of a mobile phone or other mobile device e Perform tasks with a device When you right click a device icon in the Devices and Printers folder you can select from a list of tasks that vary depending on the capabilities of the device For example you might be able to see what s printing on a network printer view files stored on a USB flash drive or open a program from the device manufacturer For mobile devices that support the new Device Stage feature in Windows you can also open advanced device specific features in Windows from the right click menu such as the abili
46. e application examples include PDAs personal digital assistants and laptop computers digital audio players digital cameras and mobile phones e It has also gained popularity in the game console market where it is often used instead of EEPROMs or battery powered SRAM for game save data e Flash memory is non volatile which means that it does not need power to maintain the information stored in the chip e Flash memory offers fast read access times although not as fast as volatile DRAM memory used for main memory in PCs and better kinetic shock resistance than hard disks Popular flash memory devices Memory Stick A Memory Stick is an IC Integrated Circuit which is stored in a compact and rugged plastic enclosure Memory Sticks are designed to store data and to enable the transfer of data between devices equipped with Memory Stick slots SD Card A SD Card Secure Digital Card is an IC Integrated Circuit which is stored in a compact and rugged plastic enclosure Compact Flash A Compact Flash card is an IC Integrated Circuit which is stored in a compact and rugged plastic enclosure Compact Flash cards are designed to store data and to enable the transfer of data between devices equipped with Compact Flash slots Current Compact i 7 g T 2 amp 2 S x Flash capacities range up to 8GB SD Cards are designed to store data and to enable the transfer of data between devices equipped with S
47. e driver h sound card Software from the manufacturer might also grams for your sound card Most sound cards have at least one line out jack to connect speakers and a line in jack to connect an audio input device To open your computer case 1 Turn off your computer and unplug it from its power source This is very important Installing a card in a computer that s plugged in could shock you or damage the card and computer 2 Open the computer case Look on the computer cover usually on the back for screws or clasps to undo the case Computer documentation typically includes instructions on how to open the case 3 After opening the case ground yourself by touching the metal casirig t surrounds the jack where the power cord plugs in This can en n you from an electric shock and can help protect the new card g computer components from static electricity Na To remove an existing sound card ove it before und processor rd section of this If you have an existing internal sound card you installing the new card If your computer has i you can proceed to the To install your ne ape topic S 1 Locate your sound card If you re ce which card is your sound card follow the wires from your key to the back of the card and then note which slot that card is in S ables from the back of the sound 2 Unplug any speaker and mi card 3 If there s a cable inside your gmiputer connecting the sound card to y
48. e updated driver so you can indicate the file location Click Next 6 Windows searches for an updated driver and instructs you if an updated driver has been found 7 Click Finish once the updated driver has been installed From the Driver tab click the Update Driver button e The majority of video adapter card problems can be solved by ensuring that the correct driver is installed and that the display settings are properly configured based on the capabilities of your hardware e In case you are unable to resolve the problem using the recommendations described as given above chances are the manufacturer of your video adapter card already has a solution EXPERIMENT 6 Troubleshooting Device Manager Issues in Win XP By completing this module you will be able to understand and learn the trouble shooting the device manager Device Manager is an OS feature that lets you view and change the properties of all devices attached to your computer When you use Device Manager you can Determine if the hardware on your computer is working properly Change hardware configuration settings Identify the device drivers that are loaded for each device and obtain information about each device driver Change advanced settings and properties for devices Install updated device drivers Disable enable and uninstall devices Reinstall the previous version of a driver Identify device conflicts and manually co
49. ed specifically to take control f your computer and send copies of themselves from your computer to other computers You can usually tell this is happening if your computer is performing slowly and accessing the network more frequently than normal If this is happening you should disconnect from the Internet and network if you re on one If you are connected to the Internet through a physical connection disconnect the network or phone cable from your computer If you re connected to the Internet through a wireless connection on a laptop turn off the wireless adapter on the computer either by turning off a switch or removing your wireless adapter card Once your computer is Protection Methods Y disconnected from the Internet run your antivirus software from a disc or software on your computer to remove the virus Manually remove viruses Sometimes a virus must be removed manually This is often a technical process and should only be attempted by computer users who have experience with the Windows registry and who know how to view and delete system and program files in Windows The first step is to identify the virus Run your antivirus software to identi the name of the virus If you don t have an antivirus program or if yo program does not detect the virus you can still identify the virus b was for clues about how it behaves Write down the text in any mes displayed by the virus or if you received the virus in e mail pS e subject l
50. elephone jack of yo flf there is a dial tone the phone cable is working If you have call waiting try disa Your ISP might have disconn website for a while Try con ain If someone picked up t hile you were online you might have been automatically soe Try connecting again it and then try the connection again you weren t interacting with the ly with analog phone lines Verify that you inesinstalled or if you have digital phone lines installed verifVthat your computer has a digital modem odem is working properly For more information ation that came with your modem or go to the ebsite Contact Your telephone company to verify the quality of your line l mputer has two network connections the networking software oose which connection to use for network traffic The networking Internet connectivity but slow performance and connection B has no e nternet connectivity but better local network performance the networking software will route network traffic over connection B This means that you won t be able to view websites so the networking icon and the network diagram in Network and Sharing Center will report that you only have local connectivity no Internet This is correct but it s not what you want To force your computer to use connection A the connection with Internet connectivity disconnect connection B and try again Ve re picks the connection with the best performance If connection A we 15 SETTI
51. er Board Processor The processor is the main part of the computer The greater the number of GHz the faster the speed of Personal Computer PC and the more expensive the processor will be The processor is also known as the CPU or Central Processing Unit Mother Board e If the processor is the main part of the computer and the RAM is the memory then the motherboard is the backbone of the computer e This is the circuit board that contains the slots and sockets that everything else plugs into e Many motherboards now come with onboard sound eliminating the need for a sound card video networking ports and USB ports e Several different types of slots can be found on your board It is important to know what these are for as the number of them on your motherboard will affect the number of hard disks memory chips graphics cards optical cards modems network cards sound cards Socket 478 Connector intel 62865PE 12V ATX Power Northbridge Chipset me ODR DIMM JE Memory Slots ATX Power Connector Back Panel Connector FDD Connector Serial ATA Headers AGP 8X Slot intel ICHSR Power LED Serial Communications FireWire Header Header Note Diagram of a motherboard Note that the location of these components vary depending on your motherboard AGP slot This is for the graphics card you only need one AGP slot DIMM slot This is for your memory There are several different types o
52. er is a universal serial bus USB model Windows should automatically detect and install it when you plug it in If it s an older model that connects using the serial or parallel port you might have to install it manually To install add a local printer 1 Click to open Devices and Printers Ys 2 Click Add a printer 3 In the Add Printer wizard click Add a local printer AS 4 On the Choose a printer port page make sure that the Use a isting port button and the recommended printer port are select th n click Next 5 On the Install the printer driver page select the prigt cturer and model and then click Next o If your printer isn t listed click Window Windows checks for additional driv o If none are available and you hav Disk and then browse to the f the printer driver is located For additional helpgconSulithe printer manual 6 Complete the additional steps in wizard and then click Finish nd then wait while lation CD click Have Tips O Network p In the many printers are network printers These connect directly to a netw tand alone device Inexpensive network printers are also made for the eNbo learn more see Install a printer on a home network b O install a network wireless or Bluetooth printer If you re trying to add a network printer at the office you ll usually need the name of the printer If you can t find it contact your network administrator 1 open Devices and Printers 2
53. er type of virus They are simply like a server in which enables hackers to get into and control the computer A trojan such as Subseven can enable a hacker to do various things such as control the mouse eject the cd rom drive delete download upload files and much more MBR viruses Boot sector viruses are another type they are similar to file viruses but instead they go in the boot sector and can cause serious damage when the computer i booted some can easily format your drive simply by booting your computer N These are hard to remove Most viruses have various characteristics For example a worm can b trojan and also infect the boot sector It all depends on how the virusS swrhtten and what it is designed to do That s why there are not really we red categories as they can easily mix one in the other NA IDENTIFYING A VIRUS ATTACK If you can answer yes to any of the following SS ur computer might have a virus Is your computer running very slowly A Som of a virus is much slower than normal computer performance However there can be other reasons for slow performance including a har needs defragmenting a computer that needs more memor r the existence of spyware or adware For more information are see How to tell if your computer is infected with spyware Are you getting unexpe ges or are programs starting automatically Some viruses can ca a e to Windows or some of your programs The results of this dama
54. es to uninstall programs or to change a S configuration by adding or removing click Uninstall Some programs include the 2 Select a progra option to cha t ir the program in addition to uninstalling it but many simph4 kter the option to uninstall To change a program click Change Kepa D certain options 1 Go to Control pan ae Programs and Features re P AND RESTORATION PROCESS OF DATA INA SYSTEM O help ensure that you don t lose your files you should back them up regularly You can set up automatic backups or manually back up your files at any time 1 Open Backup and Restore in the control panel 2 Do one of the following 3 If you have never used Windows Backup before click Set up backup and then follow the steps in the wizard 4 If you have created a backup before you can wait for your regularly scheduled backup to occur or you can manually create a new backup by clicking Back up now Note e Itis recommended that you don t back up your files to the same hard disk that Windows is installed on e Always store media used for backups external hard disks DVDs l a secure place to prevent unauthorized people from having acc GN ou files we recommend a fireproof location separate from your c r might also consider encrypting the data on your backup add new or ou re saving your To create a new full backup After you create your first backup Windows changed information to your subsequent b
55. f memory 2 slots good 4 slots better PCI slot This is for cards like sound card network card modem etc These slots will be the ones you use most often so make sure that mother board have plenty at least four CPU socket Make sure that the socket type is right for the processor you have chosen and the case chosen Back panel of CPU There will also be a number of ports on the edge of your motherboard which will form part of the back panel of your PC In the example on the right there are PS 2 ports for connecting keyboard and mouse a parallel port for a printer or scanner serial ports that will rarely be used a couple of LAN ports four USB ports and a sound port More and more devices like printers and scanners are connecting the computer using USB PS 2 Keyboard Connector PS 2 Mouse Connector USB Ports Serial Communications Port Parallel Port VGA Port Gigabit RJ 45 Ethernet LAN Port Audio Out Jack Microphone Jack Line In Jack Memory RAM Random Access Memory e Memory is also Known as RAM The more memory you add to a computer in theory the faster it will be ROM Read Only Memory e Itis an integrated circuit memory chip that contains configuration data e ROM is commonly called firmware because its programming is fully embedded into the ROM chip e ROM is hardware and software in one as data is fully incorporated at the ROM chip s manufacture data stored can neither be erased nor
56. f the CD audio connector on the card This cable is rarely necessary with current audio hardware and in most cases plugging it in is optional 4 Screw the sound card to the frame Don t bend the sound card or the frame while tightening the screw It might be best to tighten the screw barely more than you can tighten it with your fingers 5 Close the computer case and replace any screws you removed when opening the case Plug your speakers into your new sound card and amp applicable plug your microphone in too 6 Plug your computer back into its power source and then turn it XN sound card came with a disc containing software install Check the information that came with your sound card for We tion steps NS WS 14 INSTALL OR E A MODEM Windows will install the necessary drivers for your new iyo your Usually Windows will find an atically install the necessary drivers when you install a modem Kel if Windows can t find or install the correct driver you might need to odem manually To manually ins magn em 1 Location Information Before you can make any phone or modem connections Windows needs the following information about your current location What country region are you in now What area code or city code are you in now If you need to specify a carrier code what is it If you dial a number to access an outside line what is it The phone system at this location uses Tone dialing
57. gate to the website that you want to add to a specific security zone Click the Tools button and then click Internet Options Click the Security tab and then click a security zone Local intranet Trusted sites or Restricted sites T Click Sites If you clicked Local intranet in step 4 click Advanced The website should be shown in the Add this website to the zo Click Add A Ohm ONDA Ww To remove a website from a security Click to open Internet Explorer Click the Tools button and then fk Internet Options Click the Security tab and th curity zone Local intranet If you clicked Local i In Websites click If the site is not a secure site HTTPS clear the uQ b verification https for all sites in this zone check box Click Close and then click OK or click OK twic iCked Local intranet in step 4 N Trusted sites or Restricted Click Sites et t p 3 click Advanced that you want to remove Click Remove Click Close TR ick OK or click OK twice if you clicked Local intranet in R N N 19 SETTING UP Wi Fi Network Wireless networking A network can be one computer connected to the Internet or two or ma Y y instead computers connected to each other and possibly to the Internet as wireless Wi Fi network the computers are connected by radio sig wires or cables Advantages of wireless networks include mobili absence of unsightly wires Disadvantages can
58. ge your computer s internal components o Keep the computer plugged into the wall but the power switch turned off when working with its internal components o Remember to hold on to the metal part of the computer s case when handling any electrical parts e Before you reseat remove or replace any internal components arm yourself with a working knowledge of computer components what they do and how they interact with one another e Location of the computers core internal components hard disk drive processor RAM graphics card etc vary from machine to machine therefore knowledge of the same is necessary e Hardware BIOS basic input output system built in software that controls the keyboard mouse display and other hardware and functions firmware and other software tools vary by manufacturer e Keep all of your computer documentation driver CDs and warranty information in a safe place Be sure to use your computer s manuals before changing any settings Experiment 2 General Do s and Don ts By completing this module you will be able to understand and learn the following How to maintain the Computers cleanly How to take care of the disks Materials used for Computer cleaning Cleaning the case amp other Plastic materials Cleaning the key board and Mouse Do Always shut down your computer properly Do regular Scan disk to check the hard disk surface for damage Defragment the hard drive periodically De
59. he card aren t perfectly aligned with the pins ansion slot the card won t work properly If your computer has an audio cable that connects th We directly to that came with io connector on udio hardware and your sound card to determine the location of the the sound card plug it into the card Check the Se the card This cable is rarely necessary ka in most cases plugging it in is optional Screw the sound card to the frame Don frame while tightening the screw It e sound card or the st to tighten the screw ly screws you removed when opening the case Plug you into your new sound card and if applicable plug your mic Plug your computer b Windows will ins essary drivers for your new sound card If your sound card ca it isc containing software install that now Check the om ame with your sound card for the installation steps s 14 INSTALL OR REMOVE A MODEM when you install a modem However if Windows can t find or install the correct driver you might need to install the modem manually To manually install a modem N 1 Open Phone and Modem option in the control panel men ight need to provide information such as your country or regi ny special phone dialing rules in the Location ASN ox before rE Usually Windows will find and then automatically install the necessary drivers T you can access the Phone and Modem dialog bo x Location Information Before you can make any phone o
60. he sound card Software from t include other programs for your sound card 7 A 5 1 our computer and unplug it from its power source This is very nt Installing a card in a computer that s plugged in could shock r damage the card and computer C 2 Be the computer case Look on the computer cover usually on the back for screws or clasps to undo the case Computer documentation typically includes instructions on how to open the case Ww opening the case ground yourself by touching the metal casing that surrounds the jack where the power cord plugs in This can help protect you from an electric shock and can help protect the new card and existing computer components from static electricity To remove an existing sound card If you have an existing internal sound card you should remove it before installing the new card If your computer has a built in sound processor you can proceed to the To install your new sound card section of this topic 1 Locate your sound card If you re not certain which card is your sound card follow the wires from your speakers to the back of the card and th note which slot that card is in 2 Unplug any speaker and microphone cables from the back of the s WN card 3 If there s a cable inside your computer connecting the sound ofa CD drive disconnect it Many newer computers don t have t it s not there you can skip this step 4 Remove any screw or hook holding your so
61. hecks the disk cache to see if the data is there e Disk caching can dramatically improve the performance of applications because accessing a byte of data in RAM can be thousands of times faster than accessing a byte on a hard disk For example Internet connection is the slowest link in computer So the browser Internet Explorer Netscape Opera etc uses the hard disk to store HTML pages putting them into a special folder on the disk The first time you ask for an HTML page the browser renders it and a copy of it is also stored on your disk The next time on your request to access this page your browser checks if the date of the file on the Internet is newer than the one cached If the date is the same your browser uses the one on your hard disk instead of downloading it from Internet In this case the smaller but faster memory system is your hard disk and the larger and slower one is the Internet e There are other caches like page cache L1 cache L2 Cache virtual memory L2 Cache If there is some special memory bank in the motherboard which is small but very fast and two times faster than the main memory access That s called a level 2 cache or an L2 cache L1 cache If there is smaller but faster memory system directly into the microprocessor s chip and this memory will be accessed at the speed of the microprocessor and not the speed of the memory bus That s an L1 cache If the question that why can t we make all
62. include a slo Ser tion speed than a wired network and interference from other wirele ices such as cordless phones Currently there are four types of Wi Fi 802 11b 80 X 11g and 802 11n The tables below compare these technologies NS 802 11b N of SpeedUp to 11 megabits per seco Pros e Has good signal r igultaneous users igahertz GHz frequency the same as many e Allows fo Gens e Usest 4 ca er ens cordless phones and other appliances which ACN interference 802 Spe o 54 Mbps e Uses the 5 GHz frequency which limits interference from other i a e Allows for more simultaneous users oO devices sS e Has a shorter signal range which is more easily obstructed by Cons walls and other obstacles e Is not compatible with 802 11b network adapters routers and access points 802 11g Speed Up to 54 Mbps e Hasa transmission speed comparable to 802 11a under opti conditions e Allows for more simultaneous users Pros e Has good signal range and isn t easily obstructed e Is compatible with 802 11b network adapters routeks cess points e Uses the 2 4 GHz frequency so it has the ee Cons problems as 802 11b AS a WS Speed Depending upon the number alyans the hardware supports 802 11n can transmit data Mbps 300 Mbps 450 Mbps or 600 Mbp
63. ine or name of the file attached to the message Search th antivirus vendor s website for references to those specifi you wrote down to try to find the name of the virus and instructio ow to remove it Once a virus is removed you might have to reinstall lost information Doing regular backups can go a of a virus attack are or restore ard easing the pain These are ways to help protect your c gainst potential security threats or malicious software fr ining access to it Firewall A firewall can h t your computer by preventing hackers Windows Update do dy routinely check for updates for your computer and in utomatically Virus protectio tivicus software can help protect your computer against viruses worms an kother security threats epmalware protection Antispyware software can help 1 Your computer 2 Your firewall 3 The Internet How a firewall works 18 Study on Security issues over Networks and On line The security settings in Internet Explorer can help block potentially unsafe web content We recommend that you maintain security levels at or above the recommended levels when modifying or customizing your settings T ou A website might not be trustworthy if Y e e The site is referred to you through an e mail message from som ve don t know e The site offers objectionable content such as pornogra materials e The site makes offers that seem too good to be tr scam or the sale of illeg
64. ivers a portion of the output power directly to the load and provides the power EXPERIMENT 9 Virus By completing this you will be able to understand viruses and its threats Virus and its threats gt A virus is a computer program which can copy itself or infect the system without the knowledge of the user gt A virus can spread from one system to the other system whenever a file with virus in an infected system is accessed from another system gt Some viruses may cause damage to the system by infecting the files deleting the files formatting the hard disk etc gt To protect the system from virus one should have knowledge of each program or a file they download into their computer Since it is difficult we can use anti virus software which can help the system by protecting it from virus Tips and tools to prevent virus into the system Keep anti virus software up to date and make sure that it is working properly Scan the files with anti virus software before you download it from the Internet and execute it Be careful while exchanging the files between the systems through disks or through network While using the disk make sure that it is write protected so that it prevents from accidental deletion and changes made to the files on the disk While using Microsoft office make sure that macro virus protection option is enabled Note A Macro virus is a computer virus that infects Microsoft word and similar application b
65. k yourself to help decide whether to open an e mail message or attachment Do you know the person who sent you the e mail message we Have you received e mail from the sender before Were you expecting e mail from this sender N Does the subject line or attachment file name make sense When to trust a software publisher Y A software publisher is a person or company th s Or packages software The publisher can be the website you are dow ing file from or a software retailer Before deciding to trust a softwar isheP ask yourself the following questions Is the software from a trusted source N Do you need the software and what it does JN ess network is secure Does the software have a di How do I know Qe There is no antee complete security on a wireless network However there are precatttions you can take to help minimize security risks when you use a wirele Rir ever possible only connect to wireless networks that require a ork security key or have some other form of security such as a ertificate The information sent over these networks is encrypted which x Ww can help protect your computer from unauthorized access When you view available wireless networks in Connect to a Network wireless networks that do not have security enabled will be identified with a yellow shield icon e Before you connect to a network provided by a wireless Internet service provider ISP such as a public network in a c
66. ks scanners and video cameras function best when igon high speed USB 2 0 ports Some older computers might 1 x ports or a mix of USB 1 x and 2 0 ports If your de speed port to function properly check the informatio e with your computer to make sure that the port you re usin SB 2 0 If your computer includes only USB 1 x ports you c 2 0 ports by installing a USB 2 0 card inside your oma Disconnecting a device X Most USB devices can be removed an lugged When unplugging storage hat the computer has finished emoving it If the device has an he light has finished flashing before devices such as USB flash drives saving any information to the devi activity light wait for a few sec unplugging it If you see the Safely R KX icon in the notification area on the right side of the taskbar n Use this as an indication that devices have finished all operations in p ss and are ready to be removed Click the icon and you ll see a list of devi the device you want to remove Windows will display a notification a s safe to remove the device Install er Ther several ways to connect a printer to your PC Which option you choose on the device itself and whether you re at home or at the office c consult the information that came with your model for specific instructions Local printers The most common way to install a printer is to connect it directly to your computer This is known as a local printer If your print
67. l appear and you can choose to run the wizard If a program doesn t begin to install check the information that came with the program This information will likely provide instructions for installing the program manually If you cannot access the information you can also browse through t disc and open the program setup file usually called Setup exe or Install exe your program was written for an earlier version of Windows some older programs might run poorly or not at all If a program written for an earli of Windows doesn t for the program either manually or by using the Program ESA NA run correctly you can try changing the compatibi troubleshooter Setting Description Runs the program using settings re vious version of Compatibility mode Windows fi Windows Try this setting if you Shee rogram is designed for or worked in ape evious version of Run in 256 colors Run in 640 x 480 screen resolution Uses a limited set of c Bet program Some older programs are desi ned to us fewer colors ller sized window Try this setting face appears jagged or is rendered Disable visual Disable hems n the program Try this setting if you notic Pree with the menus or buttons on the title bar of themes thear off transparency and other advanced display features RUA E this setting if window movement appears erratic or p otice other display problems rn
68. lete all files and programs you no longer need from your computer Use an anti virus program to prevent a virus on you computer Back up data to floppy disks or zip disks to ensure you have a copy VVVVVV Don t Do not eat around the computer Do not drink around the computer Do not use magnets around a computer VV V Taking Care of disks Do Delete all files you no longer need from your disk Use an anti virus program to scan for viruses on a disk Do not try to erase and record information on a disk by write protecting it VV Vv Don t Do not use magnets around a disk Do not separate the disk Do not remove the disk while it is in use Do not store in extremely hot or cold locations Do not spill liquids on the disk VVVVV gt gt Cleaning Hardware Follow instructions in the manual or in help files that came with the computer or other hardware devices Before cleaning anything unplug it from the electrical wall socket When to clean a computer gt gt gt gt gt Computers do not need to be cleaned too often if they are kept in a clean environment Clean the computer when it looks dirty or when a device like a mouse does not work right The two things that need the most cleaning are the screen and mouse Materials needed for cleaning a computer Most cleaning materials can be found in a home or any store o soft lint free cloth s soapy water a drop or two of dishwashing detergent in a gallon
69. level 1 Go to the system Volume Control by double clicking the small speaker icon next to the Time field on the taskbar If you do not have this icon follow the instructions above on getting to the Multimedia Properties box and click Show volume control on the taskbar tad p tad fe tod p tid p EE fi Play Control Actual Volume Control Options may vary slightly depending on your configuration 2 Make sure the Play Control or Master and the Wave controls are set to a high enough level and make sure that your speakers have the volume turned up high enough 3 If the sound level available from your card is too low you may need to use headphones or amplified speakers Before doing this you should ensure that both master volume and wave levels are set to their maximum and not muted 4 If you add speakers be sure the power supply is plugged in and the power switch is on Troubleshooting Video Card e Resolving video card problems can be costly if you opt to replace the hardware when a problem does occur e Before you take such drastic measures you should consider other solutions such as updating the driver Here are some of the common problems that can arise from video cards and some suggested solutions Video Cards There are several video related components that are responsible for displaying the characters The hardware components include the monitor video card also referred to as the video
70. level end encryption type advanced 1A Secunty key Security levet WPA2 Personal Recommended Ji Connect automatically Encryption type AES Recommended hd ed Upgrade or replace the router using the network settings stored on this computer Gea Create a network security key e Write down your security key and keep it in a safe place You can also save your security key on a USB flash drive by following the instructions in the wizard e Use a firewall A firewall is hardware or software that can help protect your computer from hackers or malicious software Running a firewall on each computer on your network can help control the spread of malicious software on your network as well as help to protect your computers wh you re accessing the Internet Adding computers to your network AN To connect your laptop or desktop computer to your wireless netwo li these steps Q 1 Open Connect to a Network 2 In the list of networks click the network that yo os nnect to and then click Connect 3 Enter the security key You can either typegn t or insert a USB flash drive that contains the security key into on the computer Sharing files and printers Most people have a wireless netwon an access the Internet from any room in the house but they also w edom of accessing files and printers wirelessly Sharing files KS The easiest way to N n your network is to set up sharing with a homegroup If yo t have a homegroup you can
71. luctuates from normal limits The generic standard for UPS system defines the limits on the amplitude and duration of deviation of the output voltage acceptable for switching power supply loads To make a power supply uninterruptable we need energy storing backup for the period of time in the form of battery an AC DC Charger and AC DC Inverter Types of UPS e Stand By UPS e Inline UPS e Online UPS Stand by UPS includes a transfer switch that switches the load to the battery inverter in case the primary AC Power source fails The transfer time typically is 1 5 ms and the power to the load will be interrupted Inline UPS also called as line interactive UPS which under normal condition smoothes and to some degree regulates the input AC voltage by a filter and a tap changing transformer The bidirectional inverter charger is always connected to the output of the UPS and uses a portion of AC power to keep battery charged When the power fails the transfer switch from AC to Battery and provides output power Online UPS always delivers all or at least a portion of the output power through its inverter even under normal conditions There are two types of online convertors 1 Double conversion and 2 Delta Conversion 1 Double Conversion Online UPS is continuously processing the whole power through series connected AC DC rectifier charger and DC AC inverter 2 Delta Conversion UPS includes an additional Delta Convertor that del
72. lude the option to change or repair t in addition to uninstalling it but many simply offer the o install To change a program click Change or Repair 12 saorar TION PROCESS OF DATA IN A SYSTEM To S you don t lose your files you should back them up regularly You up automatic backups or manually back up your files at any time gt pen Backup and Restore in the control panel N Do one of the following 3 Ifyou have never used Windows Backup before click Set up backup and then follow the steps in the wizard If you have created a backup before you can wait for your regularly scheduled backup to occur or you can manually create a new backup by clicking Back up now Note e Itis recommended that you don t back up your files to the same hard disk that Windows is installed on e Always store media used for backups external hard disks DVDs or CDs in a secure place to prevent unauthorized people from having access to your files we recommend a fireproof location separate from your computer You might also consider encrypting the data on your backup T To create a new full backup Ys After you create your first backup Windows Backup will add bre changed information to your subsequent backups If you re _savi ur backups on a hard drive or network location Windows B ilPcreate a new full backup for you automatically when needed e your backups on CDs or DVDs and can t find an exis you want to create a new backup of
73. lug the device into the USB ae can find and install the device driver automatically you ll be otifi t the device is ready to use Otherwise you ll be prompted to insert c containing the driver ah ib Installing device driver software Click here for status lt Wi SS you when it finishes successfully installing a device instal lation is complete check the information that came with your device to if you need to install any additional software ccasionally a USB device isn t recognized by Windows and doesn t come with a disc containing a driver In that case you can try to find a device driver online Start by checking the website of the device manufacturer you can often download drivers from the Support section of such sites Notes e When connecting a device to a USB port on a USB hub monitor or other device that s plugged into your computer make sure that the USB port has enough power to support your device Smaller devices such as USB flash drives and mice and devices with their own power cords such as printers typically work properly when connected to an unoowered USB hub Some devices that use more power such as USB powered scanners and web cameras require a hub that has its own power cord to function properly If a device doesn t work properly when connected to a hub connecting it directly to one of your computer s USB ports vA e Devices that transfer large amounts of information such as sN dis
74. ma software and drivers If you don t find any new software or your device on the manufacturer s website try inserting the disc that t the device and then follow the instructions for installing the s Note KS e Many drivers come with software that installs the driver for you often called a s lfigstalli g package but you might have to install some drivers manual ti If your device stifkdoesn t work properly after trying these suggestions a driver might n ilable for your device In this case try contacting the device ma act S view and manage your devices en you want to see all the devices connected to your computer use one of them or troubleshoot one that isn t working properly open the Devices and Printers folder To open the Devices and Printers folder open Devices and Printers in control panel The Devices and Printers folder gives you a quick view of devices connected to your computer 4 Printers and Faves 2 n Sy Contoso Touchey 300 Manutact Contos Category Kiryboerd Touch pad Seek Q Devices displayed in the Devices and Printers folder a ally external devices you can connect to or disconnect from your hrough a port or network connection Your computer is also displafe d Devices listed include e Portable devices you carry with Sen occasional connect to your computer such as mobile ph ble music players and digital cameras e All devices you plug int rt on your computer in
75. memories at the same speed in such away that there is no need of cache memory is rised The answer would be Yes memories can be all made at the same speed But it s too expensive To reduce the charges we have to use a small memory for cache Experiment 5 Sound amp Video Card Troubleshooting By completing this module you will be able to understand and learn about the trouble shooting of Sound and Video card in the system Sound card trouble shooting I Making sure that you have a card and drivers for the installation e First be sure that you have a sound card installed on your system and have speakers or headphones connected to it e The sound card is usually a card in the back of your machine although some newer machines have them installed on the motherboard e Check that the wire from your speakers or headphones is connected to the Speaker Out or Spk Out slot on the back of you machine Once you have checked these connections and you know that you have a sound card and headphones or speakers follow this guide Check that you have the drivers for the card installed Multimedia Properties 1 In Windows 95 98 NT go to Start gt Settings gt Control Panel and double click the Multimedia icon This should bring up the Multimedia Properties box 2 On the Audio tab you should see two areas Playback and Recording If these are greyed out and have None listed under preferred device
76. might include messages appearing unexpectedly programs starting CN ing automatically or Windows shutting down suddenly Is your mo hard disk working overtime An e mail virus works by sending many cofi itself by e mail One indicator of this is that the activity light on your or external modem is constantly lit another is the sound of your co rd disk continually working These are not always symptoms of a com virus but when combined with other problems can indicate a virus infection ethods to protect computer from viruses e Install an antivirus program Installing an antivirus program and keeping it up to date can help defend your computer against viruses Antivirus programs scan for viruses trying to get into your e mail operating system or files New viruses appear daily so check the antivirus manufacturer s website frequently for updates Most antivirus programs are sold with annual subscriptions that can be renewed as needed To find an antivirus scanner visit the Windows Security software providers webpage Do not open e mail attachments Many viruses are attached to e mail messages and will spread as soon as you open the e mail attachment It s best not to open any attachment unless it is something you are expecting Microsoft Outlook and Windows Mail help block potentially dangerous attachments Keep Windows updated Periodically Microsoft releases special seeur updates that can help protect your computer These upd
77. mouse o Take the mouse apart turn the mouse upside down rotate the retaining ring until it comes free turn the mouse right side up and catch the ring and ball in your hand o Use damp cotton swabs to clean the rollers inside the mouse Be sure to rotate the rollers to get all of the dirt off them o Wash the ball in warm soapy water Wipe dry with a lint free cloth Blow out the inside of the mouse to remove any dust o Put the mouse back together after it has dried O Turn the plastic ring counterclockwise to disengage it Clean the small rollers inside the mouse with a cotton swab moistened with water Inside the computer s case gt The inside of the computer rarely has to be cleaned and it is not recommended that this be done gt Ifyou must clean inside your computer follow the following precautions Be very careful You can easily damage the computer or hurt yourself Do not touch the chips or other electrical components Use a vacuum cleaner to remove dust carefully Use compressed air or the blower option on a vacuum cleaner to blow out dust and other particles o0O 0 0 Floppy disk drives and other drives with removable media gt Follow the instructions on the cleaning kit gt Do not clean your drives too often especially the floppy disk drive The cleaning disk is slightly abrasive and can wear down the drivers read write heads By completing this module you will be able to understand Ideal configuration for the
78. n try reinstalling your device Windows can t check for the latest drivers unless automatic updating is turned on Most people turn on automatic updating the first time they use Windows but if you re not sure you did you should check to make sure it s turned on Be sure to select the option to include recommended updates or Windows will install important updates only Important updates provide significant benefits such as improved security and reliability but recommended updates might include drivers for some of your devices Manually check for drivers on Windows Update If you didn t have automatic updating turned on or you weren t connected to the Internet when you connected a new device to your computer you should chec to see if Windows can now find a driver for your device Even if your computekis always connected to the Internet you should still check Windows Updates Ne optional updates if some of your hardware isn t working properly Opti N updates often contain new driver updates Windows Update does n fsa optional updates automatically but it will notify you when it finds RN you choose whether to install them ing the device If your device re needed to make your website for the latest et Install software for the device If Windows Update can t find a driver for your devic manufacturer s website for a driver or other softw came with a software disc that disc might cont device work properly but first check the
79. n your floppy or CD drive Listen to make sure your hard drive is spinning If you don t hear or feel motion or if you don t see an error message on the screen proceed to the advanced steps given below Remove all external drives or devices and try restarting the computer If you receive a series of beeps or error messages write them down as they could be instrumental in diagnosing your problem Beep codes vary by manufacturer so consult your BIOS documentation for more in depth info on what those beeps mean Otherwise proceed as follows Enter your computer s BIOS access key varies by machine usually you ll need to push the F1 or Delete key as the computer boots and write down the current settings before proceeding further Keep an eye out for any built in diagnostic tools you might be able to find an error by using these If no diagnostic tools exist go to the BIOS s hard drive section and make sure it s configured as Auto If the BIOS has an auto detect feature run it to make sure that it can actually detect your hard drive If your BIOS has an optimized default option try loading it and rebooting If the BIOS has a failsafe default option try loading it and rebooting Attempt to enter your PC in Safe Mode As your computer boots quickly press the F8 key If you can get in run Windows built in diagnostic tool to check your drive for bad sectors and file system errors While still in Safe Mode sc
80. nd click the advanced button Select the Monitor tab as shown below Use the drop down arrow to adjust the refresh rate to about 70 MHZ Remember that a higher refresh rate will reduce the amount of flickering As with the screen resolution if you are unable to select the desired refresh rate go back to the video driver to make sure the latest one is installed Multiple Monitors and NVIDIA GeForce2 Go Dell Mo General Adapter Monitor Troubleshoot Color Management Monitor type Default Monitor a Default Monitor Monitor settings Screen refresh rate 60 Hertz OK Cancel Use the Monitor tab to adjust the refresh rate Note It is important to verify that the monitor supports the screen resolution and refresh rate configured in the Display Properties dialog box The documentation or manual that came with your monitor should identify the values that are supported Problems Displaying Videos or Animations Problems with videos and animations are usually attributed to a display adapter driver that does not support DirectDraw e If videos and animations are not correctly displayed on the monitor your first step should be to determine if the video card adapter driver supports DirectDraw e This can be accomplished using the DirectX Diagnostic Tool o From the Run command type DxDiag exe and click OK o From the Display tab click the Test DirectDraw button o Windows XP will perform a series of test
81. nfigure resource settings Print a summary of the devices that are installed on your computer Typically Device Manager is used to check the status of computer hardware and update device drivers on the computer If you are an advanced user and you have a thorough understanding of computer hardware you can use Device Manager s diagnostic features to resolve device conflicts and change resource settings To access Device Manager use any of the following methods Click Start and then click Control Panel Click Performance and Maintenance and then click System Click the Hardware tab and then click Device Manager Or Click Start click Run and then type devmgmt msc without the quotation marks Or Right click My Computer clicks Manage and then clicks Device Manager Or Right click My Computer click Properties click the Hardware tab and then click Device Manager You can view the Details tab to see the following device information E Device Manager EH action view gt 2 a lt 9 Disk drives Display adapters 3 DYD CD ROM drives lt Floppy disk controllers S IDE ATA ATAPI controllers 2 Keyboards lt gt Mice and other pointing devices as Monitors SY Other devices Q ESG SH SCA HSBP M20 SCSI Processor Device Se Ethernet Controller Se Ethernet Controller Sf PCI Device S PCI Device SP PCI Device S system Interrupt Controller Sf System Interrupt
82. nts d Public Documents a Music amp Pictures a Videos amp Homegroup j Computer amp Network f A O items State 2B Shared W7 Sharing a If you h rinter attached to one of your computers you can print to it from any c nnected to your wireless network The easiest way to share a pri s lect the Printers check box when you set up your homegroup If you ve a homegroup you can follow these steps 3 Click the chevron to expand the current network profile 4 Under File and printer sharing click Turn on file and printer sharing and then click Save changes If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation type the password or provide confirmation too on to the computer that has the printer attached to it N 2 open Advanced sharing settings Note o If you have password protected sharing turned on people will need a user account with a password on your computer to access your printer To access the printer from any computer on the network follow these steps 1 Open Network option 2 Double click the icon for the computer that has the printer attached tod 3 Double click the icon for the printer Windows will automatically ad printer to your computer and install the printer driver 16 SHARING ONE INTERNET CONNECTION AMONG SEVERAL COMPUTERS Internet connection methods N If you want to connect to the Internet here are the options Ye Wireless i Choose this if you have a wireless ro
83. of water cotton swabs eraser water spray bottle to hold the soapy water used fabric softener cloth 00000 You may have to buy the following at a computer or office supply store o floppy disk drive cleaner kit o CD ROM drive cleaner kit o compressed air Cleaning the case and other plastic surfaces Use a damp lint free cloth to clean the case o Spray the water on the cloth NEVER SPRAY WATER ON A COMPUTER OR OTHER ELECTRICAL DEVICES o Wipe the surfaces with the damp cloth For more difficult marks use the eraser An ink eraser works best For cracks and tight places use a slightly damp cotton swab Cleaning a monitor s screen gt gt gt Wipe the screen with the damp lint free cloth Use a dry cloth to dry the screen Use fabric softener cloth to help remove static charges on the screen o static charges attract dust to the screen o a fabric softener cloth has anti static chemicals on it o wipe the screen very lightly with the used fabric softener cloth o Do not use a fresh fabric softener cloth It will leave streaks Cleaning the keyboard gt Usea slightly damp cotton swab to clean in between the keys gt Wipe the outside of the keyboard with a damp cloth gt Use compressed air to remove paper pieces and dust from under the keys gt Do not take a keyboard apart to clean it You may not get it back together again Cleaning a mouse gt Clean the outside of the mouse with a damp cloth gt To clean the inside of the
84. of your video card e In Windows XP you can see a list of all the hardware components within Device Manager HA AAE e The video card should be listed under Display Adapters as shown e In case it is has not been recognized by Windows XP it may be listed under Unknown Devices Double click on the video adapter listed to identify the make and model This information can be used to retrieve the latest driver from the manufacturer s Web site General Driver Resources Device Manager will list the Display Adapter installed 2 NVIDIA GeForce Go Dell Mobile in the computer Driver Provider NVIDIA Driver Date 7 2 2001 Driver Version 2 9 5 8 Digital Signer Microsoft Windows XP Publisher If you are running Windows XP you can update a device driver using the steps listed below 1 Right click My Computer and click Properties Emna bak To view details about the driver files 2 From the Hardware tab click Device Manager To update the driver for this device A If the device fails after updating the driver roll Hebe WE ethic back to the previously installed driver To uninstall the driver Advanced OK Cancel 3 Within Device Manager double click the video adapter listed under Display Adapters 4 Click Update Driver as shown below to open the Hardware Update Wizard 5 Accept the default option Install the Software Automatically Choose the Install from a List or Specific Location option if you have th
85. offee shop or airport read the privacy statement carefully and make sure that you understand which files if any are saved to your computer and what type of information the network provider collects from your computer e Ifyou connect to a network that s not secure be aware that someone with the right tools can see everything that you do including the websites you visit the documents you work on and the user names and passwords you use Make sure that you don t work on any company sensitive information or visit password protected areas of your business network while AN connected to that network N AX omen V Currently connected to 4 is Internet access Wireless Network Connection a gt Contoso Connected i Woodgrove Open Network and Sharing Center seat zones adding or removing websites rnet Explorer assigns all websites to one of four security zones Internet Local intranet Trusted sites or Restricted sites The zone to which a website is assigned specifies the security settings that are used for that site You can choose which websites to assign to the Intranet Trusted or Restricted zones By adding a website to a specific zone you can control the level of security used on that site For example if you have a list of websites that you visit and you completely trust those sites add those sites to the Trusted zone To add a website to a security zone A OdhY m NO Open Internet Explorer Navi
86. or a round gray or black SCSI cable Plug in the power cable If the computer turns on begin plugging in additional cables and modules until you identify the faulty component Replace your power supply with a known working one or a with new one If none of these steps work your motherboard or processor is likely fried Consider taking it to a repair shop or replacing the computer altogether Procedure to replace power Supply e Turn off your computer and all the peripherals such as your monitor printer modem and scanner e Unplug your PC and all the peripherals from their outlets After that unplug all peripherals from the back of the computer e Move to a well lit static free area such as a tile floor or a kitchen table Remove the computer case or panels to expose the interior of your PC The power supply is enclosed in a metal box located in the corner of your computer case 2 Problem Computer Powers up starts off but Monitor is blank Initial Steps Ensure that your computer can boot normally and that all of the usual power lights are on Make sure that the monitor is plugged firmly into a working wall socket or power strip and that the power strip is on Try plugging the PC or power strip into another wall socket Verify that the monitor s power button is switched to the on position Make sure the monitor s brightness and contrast controls are properly adjusted check your monitor s manual fo
87. orly or not at all If a program written for an earlier version of Windows doesn t run correctly you can try changing the compatibility settings for the program either manually or by using the Program Compatibility troubleshooter Setting Description Runs the program using settings from a previous version of Compatibility mode Windows Try this setting if you know the program is designed for or worked in a specific previous version of Windows Run in 256 colors Uses a limited set of colors in the program Som Run in 640 x 480 screen resolution Runs the program in a smaller sized window if the graphical user interface appears Peay r ndered e programs are designed to use fewer colors aN Lvs etting Disable visual improperly Disables themes on the program Tr ting if you notice problems with the menus o s on the title bar of h t memes the program Turns off transparency and other nced display features sree cee Choose this setting if win a appears erratic or p you notice other displa ems Turns off automatic resizing of programs if large scale font Disable display size is in use Tr g if large scale fonts are scaling on high DPl interfering wit rance of the program For more settings information the text on your screen larger or smaller Privilege level m as an administrator Some programs inistrator privileges to run properly If you are
88. our CD drive disconn newer computers don t have this cable so if it s not there yo R ipsthis step 4 Remove any seal oF ook holding your sound card in place 5 Carefully p e sound card straight out of the slot Be careful not to twist or bend t you remove it Note The oS one or two gentle up and down nudges to come loose Even e throwing away the old sound card use caution when removing it to avoi aging the motherboard If it seems stuck it s better to spend a few inutes tugging gently than to rip the card out too quickly 6 If you re not installing a new sound card install a slot cover if you have one and replace the screw Then close the computer case and replace any screws you removed when opening the case To install your new sound card Ww X Locate an empty expansion slot in the computer that will accept your new sound card If your computer doesn t have an empty slot you ll have to remove another card before you can install the new one If you removed an existing sound card you can use the same slot if your new card uses the same type of expansion slot Check your computer s documentation if you need to determine the types of expansion slots it has available N Gently place the sound card on top of the slot Line up the pins sound card with the slot and push the card gently down so thafitsit slot Be sure that the card is pushed all the way in and that i c ke If the pins on t
89. our files are backed up By default this system image will only include the drives required for Windows to run To include additional drives in the system image or to create a system image manually follow the steps below Ys 1 Open Backup and Restore in the control panel 2 Inthe left pane click Create a system image and then aw the wizard Q Restore files from a backup LW You can restore backed up versions of files that aged or changed accidentally You can also restore individual fil of files or all of the files that you have backed up AN 1 Open Backup and Restore in th trol panel 2 To restore your files click Rest es 3 To restore the files of all us estore all users files 4 To browse the contents up click Browse for files or Browse for folders 5 When you are bro ders you won t be able to see the individual files in a folder 4 6 To search the ents of the backup click Search type all or part of a file name and AY Recover Str leted files If yoe file on your computer or you accidently modified or deleted a file restore it from your backup if you are using Windows backup or you to restore it from a previous version Previous versions are copies of folders that Windows automatically saves as part of a restore point X us versions are sometimes referred to as shadow copies 13 INSTALL OR REMOVE A SOUND CARD Most new desktop computers come with a built in sound card that you can replace If you
90. our mod ned on e Check to see that the Ethernet Cable is plugged correctly into the Ethernet port on the modem afid computer Each end of an Ethernet cable looks like this ill Ethernet cable ot that you are not using a DSL filter between the phone jack and the modem e Check the lights on your modem These can sometimes indicate the location of the problem whether it is the Ethernet connection the power to the modem or the DSL or cable connection e Winsock corruption can cause connectivity problems To fix this open the Network troubleshooter Ask your Internet service provider ISP to verify that its servers are functioning correctly and that you have an ISP user account and access to the ISP service If you have recently replaced your router or modem ask your ISP if it uses MAC address filtering If so your ISP must add your new device to the list of devices that can access the network Problem the system can t connect to the Internet through a NR connection or system being disconnected N Try these things AS Make sure that you are dialing the correct number incl required access numbers such as 9 and that the number is Make sure that the phone jack is working To test tkis phone and see if there is a dial tone Make sure that the phone cable is plugged in modem not the telephone jack Make sure that the phone cable is not plugging a working IA a working h jack on your phone into the t
91. ple Monitors on NVIDIA GeForce2 Go Dell Mobile Screen resolution Color quality a More Highest 32 bit re 1024 by 768 pixels E E E E Troubleshoot Use the Settings tab from the Display Properties dialog box to change the resolution If you are unable to select the desired resolution that should be supported by the video card you will need to again check that the operating system has correctly identified the card In Windows XP you can use Device Manager to make sure the card has been properly detected If the card has not been properly identified you will once again need to check the driver It is usually recommended that you use the drivers supplied by the manufacturer instead of the drivers included with Windows The screen resolution may also be limited if the wrong monitor is selected To check the monitor selection once again open the Display Properties dialog box and select the Settings tab Click the Advanced button and select the Monitor tab In case the monitor listed is not correct you will need to update the driver for the monitor Refresh Rate In case the problem still persists after adjusting the resolution your next step should be to adjust the refresh rate Lower refresh rates tend to cause flickering so it is important to verify this setting You can adjust the refresh rate using the Settings tab from the Display Properties dialog box Once again select the Settings tab a
92. plugged in raouatesHoorne Non PROBLEMS Internet connecti6n Proelems are most commonly caused by disconnected cables or by QV modems that are not operating properly First try these steps RRN en t already done so run the Network troubleshooter to see if it C elp diagnose and solve your problem Click on Control panel in that n connections and Internet open the Network troubleshooter ake sure that all cables are connected for example make sure your Ww modem is connected to a working phone jack or cable connection either directly or through a router Restart your modem and then restart your router Remove the power cable from the modem and router After all lights on the device have gone out wait at least 10 seconds and then plug the modem and router back in Some modems have a battery backup that prevents the lights from going out For this type of modem press and quickly release the Reset 1 antenna 3 WAN port 2 LAN ports 4 power cable The back of a router showing the location of the power cable Ne the Internet port on the m dem and on your computer Each end of an Ethernet cable looks like OS N gt si Ethemet cable amp e Verify that you are not using a DSL filter between the phone jack and the modem e Check the lights on your modem These can sometimes indicate the location of the problem whether it is the Ethernet connection the power to the modem or the D
93. r computer doesn t have a sound card installed or you want to upgrade the sound playback or recording capabilities of your computer you install a sound card Most laptops have built in sound processing chips al Ve called sound processors but not internal sound cards You can upgra Te sound on a laptop by plugging an external sound device into a USB any external card slot but this is rarely done Sound processors can als b ilt into desktop computers You can t remove them but to upgrade yo You can usually install an internal sound card and turn off the sound Before installing a sound card check the information t guidelines shown here are general and the sound c contain important information specific to installinggha Also be sure to check the information that came with your com computer affects the computer s warranty c Before installing a sound card you ll goun e The sound card you want t e A Phillips screwdriver to e An empty PCI slot insi computer if needed omputer unless you plan to replace an case you can put the new card into that slot existing sound KS If your sound card cama CD DVD or other removable media it might contain a driver fogyeur sound card Hold on to that until Windows has finished looking for and i driver Windows does this automatically after you install the so acd jn your computer and turn the computer back on If Windows t a good driver for your sound card then try installing th
94. r information on how to do this Check to see that the monitor cable is plugged firmly into the back of the display and that the pinned end is tightly screwed into the computer s video output on the back of the case Remove the existing cable and replace it with a known working monitor cable Connect it to the display and to the computer Obtain a working monitor and hook it up to your PC If this display works contact a technician or buy a new monitor If the monitor does not work your video card may not be working and you ll need to open the desktop s case If none of these steps solves the problem check to see if your computer is still under warranty and find out how to send it back If the warranty has expired unplug the computer open up the PC s case and proceed to the Advanced Steps below Advanced Steps Examine the video card for noticeable damage If you spot defects or burnt components you ll likely need a new video card Reseat the video card Inspect the RAM and all drive cables to make sure they are all tightly seated and connected If you find loose components or connections tighten them If your display is still not working contact a repair shop or consider replacing the video card or try swapping in a compatible card To replace the card yourself 3 Problem Computer won t Boot From Hard Drive not able to get to Windows Splash Screen Initial Steps Make sure that there is no bootable media i
95. r modem connections Windows needs the following information about your current location What country region are you in now What area code or city code are you in now If you need to specify a carrier code what is it If you dial a number to access an outside line what is it lt The phone system at this location uses S Tone dialing Pulse dialing NN 2 Click the Modems tab 3 Click Add and then follow the instructions in the Add Hardware Wizard To remove a modem If Windows automatically installs the wrong driver or if you have problems with your modem you can remove it 1 Open Phone and Modem option in the control panel menu 2 Click the Modems tab 3 Select the modem you want to remove and then click Remove Change modem settings You can change modem settings such as the speaker volume T 1 Open Phone and Modem option in the control panel menu 2 Click the Modems tab 3 Select the modem you want to change the settings for and t Se Properties 4 Change the settings you want and then click OK Q Yas need an Set up a broadband DSL or cable connection is usually a To set up a Digital Subscriber Line DSL or cable conn account with an Internet service provider ISP For D phone company for cable it s usually a cable TV pro You will also need a modem a router or a device nai ombines the two Some ISPs will provide you with these devices if me K ad esn t you ll need
96. r region Attach a working power cable to the PC s power supply and plug it in Unplug all external devices from the PC including a CD drive or digital camera except the monitor If the computer powers on without the devices add the peripherals back in one at a time until you can identify the problem device Unplug all external devices from the PC including a CD drive or digital camera except the monitor If the computer powers on without the devices add the peripherals back in one at a time until you can identify the problem device If none of these steps solves the problem check to see if your computer is still under warranty and send it back to the manufacturer If the warranty has expired and you are comfortable doing so proceed to the Advanced Steps below Otherwise talk to your volunteer consultant Advanced Steps Unplug the computer and open the PC s case Verify that the power supply is connected to the motherboard Make sure that all internal cables are connected and that all of the PCI expansion cards and RAM chips are tightly seated Examine the motherboard for noticeable signs of damage such as cracks or burns If you see problems there s a good chance you ll need a new motherboard or a new computer Consult a technician for further advice Remove the RAM and PCI cards and unplug your hard drive s Depending on your drive you ll see either a wide flat gray IDE cable a thinner red Serial ATA SATA cable
97. rd and then click Finish Removing a printer If you ll no longer be using a printer you can remove it from the Devices and N Printers folder NA 1 _Open Devices and Printers SS i e an 2 Right click the printer that you want to remove click Remove de d then click Yes Na If you can t delete the printer right click it again click an administrator click Remove device and then KK Notes NS ae o If you have a multi function or alli inter you can often remove the printer from Devic ers without affecting other device functions So for example might continue to see a scanner or fax icon for th ice o You can t uninstall a p have unfinished jobs in your print queue Either delete r wait until Windows has finished printing them O ue is clear Windows will remove the printer S What to do when SS t installed properly When you con ew device to your computer Windows automatically tries to install it for ill notify you if a driver for the device can t be found There are Severak things you can try if this happens Mak ur computer is connected to the Internet and automatic up turned onYour computer must be connected to the Internet for Wi ndows to be able to search online for a device driver To see if your computer cted to the Internet open your web browser and try accessing a website N re temporarily disconnected such as when you re traveling with a laptop it until you re online again and the
98. rdware designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network Installing RAM F Inserting Sound and Graphics card Storage Device e A Hard drive is the main storage area of the computer All software is likely to be stored on it along with all the files e A hard drive works in a similar method to the floppy disk data is stored by magnetizing sections of the disk creating a one or not magnetizing sections creating a zero Steps in Inserting the Hard Disk e Place hard disk drive into the HDD mounting slot of the case e Ensure the IDE ATA connector is facing outwards e Screw the HDD to the case using screws provided with the HDD or the ATX case e Insert the ATA 66 cable into the ATA connector of the HDD e Make sure the pin 1 on the cable is connected to pin 1 on the HDD connector Pin 1 is the red or pink strip on the edge of an ATA cable e Most new IDE ATA cables are designed so that it will only go in one way which will correspond to pin 1 Optical drive Push the power cable into the power connector as shown The power cable is designed to go in one way so you shouldn t have any problems e Connect the other end of the ATA 66 cable to the primary ATA socket of your motherboard as shown e Ensure the pin 1 on the cable connects to the pin 1 on the ATA socket Steps in Installation of CD ROM DVD ROM Connect the IDE cable to the drives IDE connector
99. rinters fold can select from a list of tasks that vary depending on the capabili device For example you might be able to see what s printin network printer view files stored on a USB flash drive or o from the device manufacturer For mobile devices that s Device Stage feature in Windows you can also open ed device specific features in Windows from the right click We s the ability to sync with a mobile phone or change ringtones e Take steps to fix devices that aren t workin Troubleshoot a device with a p S o Right click a device or co ter with the yellow warning icon click Troubleshoot wait whi leshooter tries to detect problems this may take ON and then follow the instructions 11 INSTALLIN NINSTALLING THE SOFTWARE HOOTING MALFUNCTIONS OF TWARE INSTALLATIONS You can Se DA the programs and features included in Windows but you ll install other programs PSS Ho a program depends on where the installation files for the program are lo at d Typically programs are installed from a CD or DVD from the howe or from a network If you want to uninstall or make changes to a ogram already installed on your computer see Uninstall or change a program To install a program from a CD or DVD Insert the disc into your computer and follow the instructions on your screen Many programs installed from CDs or DVDs launch an installation wizard for the program automatically In these cases the AutoPlay dialog box wil
100. s Pros Has the fastest Spee nd antennas for better speed e Allows fo injultaneous users e Has node ignal range and isn t easily obstructed ters routers and access points Con N 7 using the 2 4 GHz frequency it can have the same interference problems as 802 11b e This protocol is still being finalized and some requirements could change el In the list of available wireless networks you ll see a symbol that shows the wireless signal strength for each network The more bars the stronger the signal A strong signal five bars usually means that the wireless network is close or there s no interference For best performance connect to the wireless network with the strongest signal However if an unsecured network has a stronger signal than a security enabled one it s safer for your data if you connect to the security enabled network but you must be an authorized user of that network to do so To improve the signal strength you can move your computer closer to the wireless router or access point or move the router or access point so it s not close to sources of interference such as brick walls or walls that contain metal support beams T Vy View and connect to available wireless networks If you have a laptop you can see a list of available wireless networ SN connect to one of those networks no matter where you are Th networks appear only if your computer has
101. s o If your display does not pass each of the tests you will need to update the video adapter e If updating the video adapter driver does not solve the problem verify that your video card is indeed supported by the operating system installed on your computer e If you are running Windows you can check the Hardware Compatibility List HCL to determine if the video card adapter is supported Updating Video Drivers This is one of the most common problems with video cards e Faulty or incorrect video drivers can result in such things as operating system instability video subsystem problems and so on Device Manager Most vid d ided ith dri File Action View Help r re provi wi rivers on a aa ers on a mS A floppy disk or a CD ROM E Batteries e One may use the drivers that usually come along EA CDROM PRN Computer with the hardware or visit the manufacturer s Web kA reas site to obtain a more recent one Display adapters 2 NVIDIA GeForce2 Go Dell Mobile Floppy disk controllers e The drivers should come with a text file outlining the IDE ATA ATAPI controllers IEEE 1394 Bus host controllers installation process Infrared devices 5 gt Keyboards Mice and other pointing devices x Modems F Monitors E9 Network adapters PCMCIA adapters aF Ports COM amp LPT SM Processors Sound video and game controllers p System devices e The first step in updating the driver is to identify the make and model
102. s 23 DVOlCD ROM drives ea Floppy disk drives aH Floppy drive controllers BS Human Interface Devices Ea IDE ATASATAPI controllers Keyboards fg Mice and other pointing devices EE Monitors a Network adapters a Fabrikam Gigabit Controller Compact Wireless G USE Adapter I Ports COM amp LPT E Processors ri Ha Sound video and game controllers gt Storage controllers ji System devices f jf Universal Serial Bus controllers fap f a pE eS LARE g Wireless network adapter Device Manager showing o wireless network adapter If your computer nge aspen network adapter you can purchase one from a computer or ele cts tore and install it yourself The universal serial bus USB type are a nice choic because they are small easy to install and they can be moved around ut rs Make sure you get the same type of adapters as your wireless routera T f adapter is usually marked on the package typically with a letter such Typical USB wireless network adapters N Setting up the modem and Internet connection NN O Once you have all of the equipment you ll need to set modem and Internet connection If your modem wasn t set up for ur Internet service provider ISP follow the instructions that came r modem to connect it to your computer and the Internet If you re using ital SObscriber Line DSL connect your modem to a phone jack If yo I g cable connect your modem to a cable jack Positioning
103. s off automatic resizing of programs if large scale font Disable size is in use Try this setting if large scale fonts are scali Pliinterfering with the appearance of the program For more setti information see Make the text on your screen larger or Rs smaller rege level Runs the program as an administrator Some programs require administrator privileges to run properly If you are not currently logged on as an administrator this option is not available Change settings fon all users Lets you choose settings that will apply to all users on this computer To install a program from the Internet 1 In your web browser click the link to the program 2 Do one of the following e To install the program immediately click Open or Run and follow the instructions on your screen e To install the program later click Save and download the installation file to your computer When you are ready to install the program double click the file and follow the instructions on your screen This is a safer opti because you can scan the installation file for viruses before you pr eS Note AS o When downloading and installing programs from the Inte s re you trust the publisher of the program and the website that ing the program Uninstall or change a program x You can uninstall a program from your uter if you no longer use it or if you want to free up space on your hard di ed n use Programs and Featur
104. tall software for the device If Windows Update can t find a driver fi r device try checking the manufacturer s website for a driver ware for the device If your device came with a software disc that dis ntain software needed to make your device work properly but first anufacturer s website for the latest software and drivers D drivers for your device on the manufacturer s at came with the device and then follow the software If you don t find any news website try insertin instructions for in Note ivers come with software that installs the driver for you often self installing package but you might have to install some drivers ally as well rRdevice still doesn t work properly after trying these suggestions a driver ight not be available for your device In this case try contacting the device anufacturer Install view and manage your devices When you want to see all the devices connected to your computer use one of them or troubleshoot one that isn t working properly open the Devices and Printers folder To open the Devices and Printers folder N open Devices and Printers in control panel PTEE Pre K Sp gt Lull lt noe caer ee 2 a m ee Eee Seek ghtweght keyboard 4 Printers and Fanes 2 Contose Touchtay 300 Me erties Category Keyboard Touch pad Jct Contoso Touchkey 300 L The Devices and Printers folder gives you a quick view of devices connected to your computer
105. th a hub Switches at they receive so they send that information to Switches work the sam KAA but they can identify the intended destination of the Ptorm to only the compute at ar supposed to receive it Switches can send and receive inform tap 2N same time so they can send information faster than hubs can If Our ome network has four or more computers or you want to use activities that require passing a lot of information between comput as playing network games or sharing music you should prob Switch instead of a hub Switches cost a little more than hubs e oS enable computers to communicate and they can pass information tween two networks such as between your home network and the Internet This capability to direct network traffic is what gives the router its name Routers can be wired using Ethernet cables or wireless If you just want to connect your computers hubs and switches work well however if you want to give all of your computers access to thelnternet using one modem use a router or a modem with a built in router Routers also typically provide built in security such as a firewall Routers are more expensive than hubs and switches ps 3 z si 3 a a Illustration of a network with a wired router 1 Internet 2 Cable or DSL jack 3 Broadband modem 4 Wired router Network with a wired router Access points WY Access points als network An acg
106. the wireless ro N Put your wireless router somewhe re it will receive the strongest signal with the least amount of N Eoy the best results follow these tips e Position your witglessxcouter in a central location Place the router as close to the center f yok home as possible to increase the strength of the wireless s N Mgiyhoui your home e Positio less router off of the floor and away from walls and metal obj sae s metal file cabinets The fewer physical obstructions b y ur computer and the router s signal the more likely that you ll he router s full signal strength c interference 802 11g networking equipment uses a 2 4 gigahertz Z radio frequency This is the same frequency as most microwaves h nd many cordless phones If you turn on the microwave or get a call on a V cordless phone your wireless signal might be temporarily interrupted You can avoid most of these issues by using a cordless phone with a higher frequency such as 5 8 GHz Securing your wireless network Security is always important with a wireless network it s even more important because your network s signal could go beyond the boundaries of your home If you don t secure your network people with computers nearby might be able to access the information stored on your network computers and use your Internet connection to get onto the web To help secure your network do the following e Protect your router by changing the default user name and p
107. to buy them When you have your modem rout f or combination device either follow the instructions provided by your ISP mthe corresponding steps below To setup a combined mode er t 1 Plug the device into an el et 2 Plug one end of a phon cord o cable into the wide area network WAN port of the device and t g the other end into the wall jack The WAN port should be la DSL users Don t use a DSL filter on the phone line 3 Plug one encdof thernet cable into the local area network LAN port on the de d then plug the other end into the networking port of the compu want to connect to the Internet The LAN port should be labele If you are connecting wirelessly skip this step St r restart the computer 5 trol Panel Open connections and Internet Then open the t to the Internet wizard Qe the steps in the wizard w 1 Combined Ethernet N router and broadband modem Q A combined modem and router plugged in b Too setup a separate modem and KOX Plug the modem into an electrical o LN 2 Plug one end of a phone cord or cable into the modem and plug the other end into the wall jack DSL us line use a DSL filter on the phone Plug one end of an Ethernet to the modem and plug the other end into the wide area netw r AN port on the router Plug the router into afi electrigal outlet Plug one end of rnet cable into the local area network LAN port on the router the other end
108. twork and the Internet This capability to direct network traffic is what gives the router its name Routers can be wired using Ethernet cables or wireless If you just want to connect your computers hubs and switches work well however if you want to give all of your computers access to the 10 INSTALLING AND UNINSTALLING THE HARDWARE amp TROUBLESHOOTING MALFUNCTIONS OF HARDWARE INSTALLATIONS You can install most hardware or mobile devices just by plugging them into your computer Windows will automatically install the appropriate driver if it s availab If it s not Windows will prompt you to insert a software disc that may have with your hardware device Install a USB device N Install a printer What to do when a device isn t installed properl Install view and manage your devices Automatically get recommended drivers and upd Install or remove a sound card Install or remove a hard disk drive How can decide which drivers are safe tolinst Typically the first time you connect a deuce aah into a USB port Windows automatically installs a driver for that devig e Drivers allow your computer to t communicate with hardware devices e a USB device that you connect to your computer for example a ebcam won t work properly Before installing a FASA Check the instructions ee h the device to see if you need to install a h driver before connecti eVice Although Windows usually does this automati
109. und card i 5 Carefully pull the sound card straight out of the A not to twist or bend the card as you remove it NA Note NA The card might need one or two gentle up and D dges to come loose Even if you re throwing away the old sounghca s caution when removing it to avoid damaging the motherboard If it s s stuck it s better to spend a few extra minutes tugging gently than to ri out too quickly SO if card install a slot cover if you have e close the computer case and replace n opening the case 6 If you re not installing a one and replace the screw any screws you re mputer doesn t have an empty slot you ll have to remove another a re you can install the new one If you removed an existing sound you can use the same slot if your new card uses the same type of ansion slot Check your computer s documentation if you need to Qr etermine the types of expansion slots it has available N 2 Gently place the sound card on top of the slot Line up the pins on the sound card with the slot and push the card gently down so that it sits in the slot Be sure that the card is pushed all the way in and that it s secure If the pins on the card aren t perfectly aligned with the pins in the expansion slot the card won t work properly 3 If your computer has an audio cable that connects the CD drive directly to the sound card plug it into the card Check the information that came with your sound card to determine the location o
110. ur network from the Internet Jina one ute on the network is designated as the host computer The host ater connects to the Internet and the other network computers share that terhet connection This method is a bit less convenient because it requires the st computer to be turned on all the time However it s the best method if you have a dial up Internet connection or if you use a modem with a USB connection Note S ji 1 Internet Cable or DSL jack ol F Broadband modem Host computer an a aA Wired hub A network using Internet Connection Sharing ICS If you share yo t onnection by setting up an ad hoc network the connection isysh only for that session When you restart your computer A tion will no longer be shared If yo Sp ad hoc network and share your Internet connection and aS e logs on to the same computer by using Fast User the Internet connection will still be shared Only restarting the S r will end the Internet connection sharing Oo 17 Study on Antivirus and Antispyware What is a virus A virus is a program that replicates itself It spreads by making copies of itself a computer or by inserting computer code into program or operating system files Viruses don t always damage files or computers but they usually affect Ve computer s performance and stability For a virus to infect a infected gh spread you usually have to do something such as open an infected e mai attachment Q of
111. ure that there isn t a disk in your floppy or CD drive Remove external drives or devices Enter the Windows Advanced Options menu by pressing the F8 key during the BIOS s Power On Self Test POST Select the option for Last Known Good Configuration Note if this works you will lose any recently installed software or newly created files Enter the Windows Advanced Options menu boot into Safe Mode with networking and perform a system restore While in Safe Mode run your antivirus and anti spyware programs Remove any detected threats If that fails attempt to back up your data using back up software burn files to a CD or consult a professional You may eventually have to reformat your hard drive and reinstall Windows Advanced Steps Enter the Windows Advanced Options menu and choose the option that enables the bootlog Restart then boot into Safe Mode to compare the new bootlog and the original one If you get error messages that certain drivers aren t loading correctly write those down and update or remove the faulty devices via Windows Device Manager You can then reinstall the drivers manually or ask Windows to locate a driver for the device Insert your Windows Emergency Startup disk or the original CD ROM and go to the Recovery Console From there you can attempt to restore the master boot record the first logical sector on your hard drive where the BIOS loads a program to boot your computer 5 Pro
112. uter you can install a sound card Most laptops have built in sound processing chips also called sound processors but not internal sound cards You can upgrade the sound on a laptop by plugging an external sound device into a USB port or external card slot but this is rarely done Sound processors can also be built into desktop computers You can t remove them but to upgrade your sound you can usually install an internal sound card and turn off the sound processor Before installing a sound card check the information that came with it The guidelines shown here are general and the sound card documentation might contain important information specific to installing that card Also be sure to check the information that came with your computer to see if opening your computer affects the computer s warranty coverage Before installing a sound card you ll need the following e The sound card you want to install Ys e A Phillips screwdriver to open your computer if needed e An empty PCI slot inside your computer unless you plan to rffaco existing sound card in which case you can put the new car that slot If your sound card came with a CD DVD or other removable it might contain a driver for your sound card Hold on to that until s finished looking for and installing a driver Windows does this a after you y installing the driver Windows can t find a good driver for your sound card tua acturer might also that came with t
113. uter or network Ifyo also have a broadband connection Also choose this if you re CN a hotspot Broadband PPPoE S Choose this if your computer is connecte o a broadband modem also called a Digital Subscriber Line DSL le ymodem and you have a Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet PPPo et account With this type of account you need to provide a user name a ord to connect Dial up Choose this if you ha CS but it s not a DSL or cable modem or if you want to use Integra ices Digital Network ISDN to connect your computer to the Internet Q Sharing on ied onnection among all the computers on your home network a saves ti you have to set up only one connection And it saves money RAS t have to buy an individual Internet account for each computer SH TERNET COLNNECTION AMONG DIFFERENT COMPUTERS are two ways to set up Internet connection sharing by using a router or by ing Internet Connection Sharing ICS Using a router Each computer connects to a router sometimes called an Internet gateway device The router which can be wired or wireless connects to a broadband DSL or cable modem and the modem connects to the Internet The router and modem can also be purchased as a single device 1 4 8 D S P 1 internet 2 Cable or DSL jack 3 Broadband modem 4 Wired router A network using a router and modem Make sure oN ghas a built in firewall A firewall can help stop unwanted to connectio
114. uter to t communicate with hardware devices e a USB device that you connect to your computer for example a ebcam won t work properly driver before connecti eVice Although Windows usually does this Before installing a Kae Check the instructions joe e with the device to see if you need to install a h automatically after ygu ect a new device some devices require that you install drivers m In those cases the device manufacturer includes a software disc ions on installing the driver before plugging in the device If you S came with software from the manufacturer check to see if it s compa h this version of Windows If it s not compatible or doesn t say whic ns of Windows it s designed for try plugging the device in first to see if ind ws can find a compatible driver e instructions that came with your device contradict the information in this pic follow those instructions Plugging in and turning on a device Most USB devices that have power switches should be turned on before you connect them If your device uses a power cord connect the device to a power source Then turn it on before connecting it Next determine which USB port you want to connect your device to If your computer has USB ports on the front consider using one of those if you plan to frequently connect and disconnect the device You can use any port the ne time you plug in the S N I A typical USB cable and port device Ny P
115. various purposes Ideal PC CONFIGURATION S No Item For Normal For For TV Video For Office Developers Conference Multimedia applications Development Processor Intel or AMD Intel or AMD Intel or AMD Intel or AMD 1 basic level Dual core Dual Core Core 2 or processors Processors Processor Quadra processors 2 Processor 1 6 GHz onwards 2 0 Ghz 2 4 Ghz 3Ghz Speed onwards onwards 3 System Bus 800 MHz FSB 800 Mhz FSB 800 Mhz FSB 1024 MHz FSB Standard 400 Mhz and 1 800 Mhz and 1 800 Mhz and 1 800 Mhz and 2 4 Memory and GB Standard GB Standard GB Standard GB Standard Type Memory Memory Memory Memory 5 Hard Disk 120 GB SATA 160 GB SATA 160 GB SATA 2X160 GB SATA 6 Display Integrated with AGP card AGP card with AGP with 256 mother board 64 MB RAM MB RAM 7 Sound Card Integrated Stereophonic Stereophonic 8 NIC If networked 10 100 MBps 10 100 Mbps 10 100 Mbps Keyboard As per need As per need As per need As per need 9 Mouse USB Devices Experiment 3 Important internal devices of CPU By completing this module you will be able to understand and learn the following Important parts of CPU Mother Board and its components Memory RAM amp ROM Sound card Video Card and Net work card Installing Storage device Main parts of the computer Floppy Drive Network CD Drive Sound Card Connecting Cards Graphics Card Processor System Fan Moth
116. y inserting some undesirable text into the documents or by making some changes to the documents Take backup of the files which you feel important This will help you in recovering the file when it is completely affected by virus Scan the system with anti virus software daily and keep your operating system up to date with all the latest patches Some viruses start executing as soon as they appear on the Outlook Express preview pane So disable that option Beware of the latest virus threats which may help you in detecting them and take the appropriate action to avoid it List of anti virus tools available for preventing virus in to the system are given below AVG free Quick Heal Avira Anti virus Cleanwin Anti virus cleaner4 2 AVG Internet security Bit defender free edition Bit defender anti virus 2008 Avast 4 Home edition McAfee Avert Stinger 3 8 0 CalmWin open source free anti virus UNIT IX Tips to deal with a few common PC problems 1 Problem Computer does not Power up start up Initial Steps Make sure that the PC s power cable is plugged firmly into a wall socket or power strip and that the power strip is on Try plugging the PC or the power strip into another wall socket Ensure that the power cable is firmly connected to the PC s power supply outlet G 8 8 Check to see that the power supply is switched to the on position Make sure that the power supply is switched to the voltage appropriate to you

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