Markup User`s Manual
Contents
1. mirror about vertical axis scaling 90 anticlockwise ac 90 clockwise mirror about o 180 rotation horizontal axis Figure 2 Control of scaling and rotation by quadrant Pressing down on the BLUE button also displays the double cross origin and when the mouse moves three small dots show the positions of the other three corners of the rotated image Rotation is zero when the cursor is directly to the right of the origin In both cases the image will appear when the mouse button is released To prevent any insertion simply return the cursor to the vicinity of the displayed origin and release the button Image files Images may be stored in Markup s memory either by erasing them from the displayed picture or by reading them in from Press files stored on the disk The names of the files that you can access in this way are shown above the main menu and you read them in by moving the cursor so that it coincides with the name of the image you want when you lift the YELLOW button the image is placed in Markup s memory whence it can be inserted rotated or scaled as described above Markup selects images for inclusion in the menu at initialization time by scanning your disk directory for files with extension press and then checking to see which of these include an image on the first page A maximum of 20 such images may be included in the menu You may inhibit the construction of the image file menu by invoking Markup2. you can redraw the line segments that meet at the corner in question At the start Markup sets the line drawing grid to 16x16 Alto screen dots If you are a novice you will find this relatively large spacing convenient but for many purposes it is too coarse8x8 is a more useful setting The command for changing the grid setting is described below Text To add text to your picture simply type it You need not position the cursor before you type for Markup expects you to position the text afterwards While you type the text will appear wherever the cursor happens to be During type in a or BS erases the most recent character typed and DEL or either the YELLOW or BLUE mouse button erase the whole string When the text is complete position the cursor where the center of the text string should go and press on the RED button The original text will disappear from the screen and will reappear centered about the cursor position Text is positioned in this way to the nearest half grid unit If you want to position it more accurately than that do not release the RED button immediately but hold it down and move the mouse in the direction you would like to move the text You will have to move through a small dead zone and then the text will begin to move somewhat more slowly than the cursor If you move the mouse beyond a certain distance the text will disappear altogether This is useful for it allows you to change your mind about inser
3. BLUE bottom or right button is used for erasing in an exactly analogous manner to the RED button As long as the BLUE button is held down any black dots over which the cursor passes will be changed to white The second and third rows line drawings x x The middle two rows of the menu are devoted mainly to line drawing brushes When these are selected use of the RED button dispenses black dots in straight line segments and the BLUE button does the same with white dots The upper of the two rows is for use when only horizontal and vertical lines are required the lower row will also draw lines at 45 degrees Four different line thicknesses are provided measuring 1 2 4 and 6 screen units across In contrast to the freehand drawing brushes these brushes do not dispense dots in a continuous stream Instead a short straight segment is laid down every time the cursor is moved to the next intersection of an invisible grid Thus if you press and release the RED button nothing will happen MARKUP USER S MANUAL if you press and then move the cursor about 1 4 inch a line segment will appear As you move the mouse further a connected sequence of line segments will be laid down following the path of the cursor as closely as the grid will allow Note that as long as the button is held down the corners of connected lines are filled in neatly if you lift the button between line segments however the corners will look messy To rectify this
4. output file names are the same Markup will save the original input file on a backup file whose name is the original file name followed by This operation is performed at the time you quit from Markup The mouse The mouse is the most important input device to Markup Its three buttons are used throughout in a consistent manner RED button top or left hand use of this button generally results in the addition of information to the document YELLOW button middle this button invariably controls the display of the command menu that you use to select your next command BLUE button bottom or right hand use of this button generally results in the removal of information from the document There are exceptions to these rules which are noted below wherever they occur As a minor but important point it should be understood that the so called ball mouse with the three large buttons arranged from left to right is much less satisfactory for use with Markup than the older style mouse with three bar shaped buttons arranged from top to bottom The old style mouse can be moved much more smoothly than the ball mouse and this is essential for some of the freehand drawing operations of Markup The menu Whenever you press the YELLOW middle button one row of the command menu appears You 88 MARKUP USER S MANUAL may move the mouse around with this button held down and select the menu symbol corresponding to the command you want
5. something analogous to a single blank sheet of paper If you do have a document from which to start Markup will let you add more pages to it Basically however Markup expects you to provide a document as a starting point Markup works with Press files In the world of the Alto there are many different sorts of file formats Bravo files Sil files Draw files and plain ordinary text files Most of these are for use with a specific programBravo files with Bravo Sil files with Sil and so on Press format is rather different it is supposed to be suitable for all kinds of program whether text editors page composition systems printers or illustrators As time goes on we expect more and more of our programs to deal solely in terms of Press files Markup is the first of these The implications of the use of Press files are as follows 1 Any document to be illustrated with Markup must be converted to Press file format You can tell Bravo to produce a Press file by issuing the F _ ile option of the H _ardcopy command Draw Sil and some other programs are also capable of producing Press files 2 Once in Press format the document will be in the form of separate pages each corresponding to a page of the final printed document It will no longer behave like a continuous scroll as in Bravo 3 Any illustrated document generated with Markup will also be in Press format and must be printed by a process that accepts Press files Examples of syste
6. thus gt Markup n InputFile OutputFile MARKUP USER S MANUAL 93 Turning the page The numbers to the left and right of the main menu may be selected in order to turn to other pages of the document Markup s memory is not affected by page turning The symbol creates a fresh blank page There is no command for erasing a page but if all the text and dots on a page are erased Markup will delete the page from the document when it writes out the output file Finishing When you have finished using Markup select the word quit to the right of the page number display in the menu Markup will think for a while and then return you to the Alto Executive Camera input The menu contains a few blank spaces including two on the third row However if you happen to use an Alto with a TV camera attached a special symbol will appear on this row depicting a square with a round hole in it This symbol controls the use of the camera for scanning in images Before you select the camera command symbol you should define a rectangular area of the screen into which to scan the image do this by erasing an area with the image area or fast erase brushes Then when you select the camera command the normal screen picture will disappear and you will see instead the view through the camera lens with an area of the required size highlighted within a black border You can move the border around until it encloses the desired image and then press the R
7. twenty pages and then run out of disk space while working on the twenty first leaving you with no means of recovering your lost work When you quit Markup goes through a cleaning up operation combining the new versions of the pages you have created or modified with the original versions of the pages that have not been changed This too consumes disk space in large quantities but if Markup fills up the disk during this operation or quits when it finds fewer than 100 disk pages there is a simple recovery procedure see below Recovery from a full disk For reasons such as these it is generally worthwhile to split large documents into a number of separate Press files and combine them only when all illustrations are complete This is easily done with the PressEdit program see the Alto Non Programmer s Guide or the Alto Subsystems Manual Each separate Press file should include no more than six to ten illustrated pages Use of existing illustrations Documents must often be edited many times before they are ready for distribution Markup has been designed to allow you to prepare the illustrations for such documents on a separate Press file or files and then to combine them with the text You may also use illustrations prepared with other programs such as Draw Sil and Flyer This technique amounts to the preparation of one or more Press files that form a portfolio of illustrations for inclusion in the document It is generally more conv
8. vertical grid spacing To change the grid spacing press down on the BLUE button Two numbers will appear near the cursor showing the horizontal and vertical spacing As the mouse is moved the spacing will change It can be adjusted to as high a value as you like and to as low as 5 units in each direction independently in the two directions Note that 45 degree lines cannot be drawn if the horizontal and vertical spacings are different You may wish after changing the grid spacing to make sure that lines drawn with the new grid are aligned with those drawn previously To do this you may have to change the grid alignment using the RED button When the RED button is held down two numbers show the coordinates of the grid origin you can think of these numbers as defining the position of the squared paper on which the grid is drawn With the aid of these numbers plus the dots showing the grid itself it is usually possible to get things lined up Inversion and fast erasing The bottom row includes a command symbol made up of a black box together with an open box This command provides two functions With the RED button image areas may be inverted i e black dots turned white and vice versa With the BLUE button fast erasing can be done at the expense of retrieval from mistakesonce the dots have gone they can t be retrieved or inserted elsewhere If you should ever need to erase a large area rapidly you will find this command saves yo
9. 16 with the origin at zero then images will be inserted very slowly Before you start copying illustrations from the portfolio to the text pages therefore make sure that the horizontal spacing and grid origin are at 16 and zero For ease of vertical alignment however you may set the vertical spacing to a smaller value such as 8 without affecting performance Recovery from a full disk If Markup exhausts disk space during during a page turn or the quit operation it prints a message on the screen telling you what to do In essence Markup saves all the new and modified pages of the document on a Press file called MARKUP SCRATCH and this allows you to reconstruct the desired output file The most difficult part of this operation is to figure out which pages are included in MARKUP SCRATCH You may use Markup itself to help you here but with caution for Markup erases MARKUP SCRATCH and creates a new version Therefore you should copy MARKUP SCRATCH to a file with another name such as FOO SCRATCH and look at this new file with Markup When you have figured out which pages this file contains you can use PressEdit to put together the required document out of this and the original file Before doing all this you must of course delete some files from your disk so as create more space
10. ED button to scan the image onto the page and return to the normal display The mouse may be moved while the RED button is held down in order to make accurate adjustments to the position of the border The camera hardware performs what is known as thresholding on the imagedark areas are made black and light areas white The resulting image quality is not always perfect To improve it you can adjust the threshold level while the camera image is visible by pressing the BLUE button and then moving the cursor up and down upward movement will darken the image and downward will lighten it at a rate proportional to the cursor s horizontal position Use of the TV camera unfortunately involves learning how to switch it on and how to adjust the various knobs on the camera control box This is best understood by watching someone else do it 4 Markup Techniques This section is for serious users of Markup who want to learn how to produce good quality illustrated documents with the minimum of effort The list of techniques described here is by no means exhaustive After all Markup is really a box of tools for manipulating the image on the screen and there are no well defined limits to the utility of these tools Each tool has an explicit purpose like line drawing or area manipulation but there are generally several other useful things you can do with each tool for example you can erase with the line drawing brushes in order to square off an irre
11. Markup User s Manual Table of Contents Introduction Things to know before you start Use of Markup How to obtain Markup How to start Markup The mouse The menu The top row of menu symbols freehand drawing The second and third rows line drawings Text Image areas Erasing and inserting image areas Images with dimensions Retrieving from memory Images and text Changing the grid Inversion and fast erasing Rotation and scaling Image files Turning the page Finishing Camera input Markup Techniques Disk space Use of existing illustrations Use of Draw output For faster copying Recovery from a full disk 86 86 87 87 87 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 90 91 91 91 92 92 93 93 93 93 94 94 94 95 95 86 MARKUP USER S MANUAL 1 Introduction Markup is an Alto program for document illustration Its basic purpose is to permit you to add illustrations to an existing formatted text document It can also be used to prepare visual aids and to manipulate illustrations prepared with other illustration programs such as Draw The purpose of this manual is to explain how to use Markup Effective use of Markup involves three different kinds of issues In the first place there are things you must know before you start to use Markup then there are the individual commands of Markup and their effects which you must learn finally there are a great many tricks that you will find useful if you make ext
12. and you can align it appropriately before lifting the RED button Images with dimensions The third row of the menu includes a symbol made up from four arrow heads this symbol can be selected for image manipulation with dimensions The command operates in all respects exactly like the image area brush except that dimensions are shown During erasure two numbers are displayed near the cursor indicating the size of the area selected for erasing During insertion the two numbers show the displacement of the image from its original position when erased this is useful for bar charts etc Retrieving from memory The symbol at the right hand end of the second row depicting an arrow emerging from a bucket can be selected to retrieve the image or string of text from Markup s memory Whatever was last erased whether a text string or image area will be replaced on the screen in its original position and will be expunged from Markup s memory This command is useful now and again for example to copy an existing text string you can erase it insert it at the new position and retrieve Di MARKUP USER S MANUAL from memory to put back the original text Images and text At the left hand end of the bottom row is a symbol made up of the image area and text symbols combined If this symbol is selected text and image areas can be manipulated together This command is very useful for moving entire illustrations The image and text comma
13. enient if each Press file page contains just one illustration If however you are sure that a certain group of two or more illustrations will be placed on the same page then you will save time by keeping them on one page of the portfolio The PressEdit program is again the means whereby the formatted text file in Press format is combined with the portfolio file or files Once the files have been combined you can commence the rather tedious operation of copying illustrations from the portfolio pages to the appropriate text pages using the image and text brush Make sure that at the end nothing is left on the portfolio pages so that they will be expunged from the file when you write it out Use of Draw output Press files generated with the Draw program may be used as input to Markup You may define curves with Draw and then read the resulting Press file into Markup in order to add image information or text Although Draw allows you to add text to the curved pictures you draw it is often more convenient to omit the text at the Draw stage and add it with Markup If you include text in the Draw file MARKUP USER S MANUAL 95 you will find the resulting picture very slow to edit with Markup particularly if you mix several fonts For faster copying Markup uses a rather out of date method of copying image areas which means that this operation is sometimes rather slow In particular if the grid is not set to a horizontal spacing of
14. ensive use of Markup This manual is concerned mainly with issues of the first two kinds those that you will need to understand in order to use Markup The final section of this manual discusses some of the tricks that fall into the third category 2 Things to know before you start Markup manipulates dots The commands in Markup are almost all oriented towards helping you to manipulate the dots that make up the picture on the screen With enough patience and skill you could use Markup to build entire pictures out of individual dots as if you were a Pointillist painter On the assumption that you don t have the time for this Markup gives you more powerful commands for manipulating whole collections of dots Thus you can with a single command lay down a straight line of dots or an entire rectangular area Even after you have used one of these commands the picture remains a collection of dots each of which can be modified individually Markup treats dots and text separately Markup knows how to deal with text it will accept formatted text from Bravo and other such programs or simple text strings placed with the mouse Text is however treated differently from dots You use different commands to manipulate the two different types of information Markup is for marking up documents In other words Markup expects you to provide the initial document for marking up If you don t have anything with which to start Markup will provide you with
15. erase some priceless gem of an image there is a special command to put it back exactly where it was see below retrieving from memory To insert an image select the image area symbol in the menu Then press down with the RED button and whatever image is in Markup s memory will be added to the displayed page Thus an image can be moved by selecting the image area command erasing it and then inserting it in its new position When you press the RED button to insert an image Markup shows you the boundary of the rectangle where the image will be added You may keep the RED button down and move this rectangle around until you are satisfied and then lift up If you decide you don t want to add the image at all move the cursor to the edge of the screen so that the rectangle disappears you may now release the button without causing insertion Markup includes a feature to help you position images exactly where you want themuntil this feature was provided it was very difficult to align parts of an image with the picture on the screen The feature allows you before erasing an image area to copy a small square region of the image into the cursor this is done by selecting the image area command positioning the cursor over the area of interest and pressing the BLUE button down and up without moving the mouse Now you may erase the area When you try to insert it with the RED button the cursor will show you where the area of interest will appear
16. gular black area The more you use Markup the more techniques and strategies for illustration you will learn This section deals with two sorts of technique those for managing your document as a whole and those for creating the individual illustrations Document management techniques are discussed first 94 MARKUP USER S MANUAL Disk space The first thing you must understand before trying to illustrate a large document i e a document with more than half a dozen illustrated pages is that Markup consumes large quantities of disk space As a rule of thumb you should make sure there are at least 100 free pages on your disk for every illustrated page of the document Thus if you intend to put illustrations on 12 pages you should have 1200 free pages before you start The exact amount you will need depends on the size of the illustrations if you intend to put just a few tiny images on each page in the same manner as this manual then your disk space requirements will be much less The reason for all this caution is that Markup cannot be relied upon to recover gracefully if it runs out of disk space unless it runs out after you have quit Whenever you turn to a different page Markup checks to see if you have 100 or more disk pages available if you do not it writes out the pages you have created or modified so far and quits to the Executive This is not fool proof however and it is still possible for you to spend three hours illustrating
17. ms that will print Press files are the Spruce program for the Dover and the Press program for the SLOT 3100 MARKUP USER S MANUAL 87 3 Use of Markup This section of the manual starts by explaining how to get hold of a copy of the Markup program and how to get the program running It then covers each of the commands of Markup one by one How to obtain Markup The program you need is called Markup run and is to be found on the lt Alto gt directory on Maxc and on most IFS servers A copy of Markup run is usually included with the other programs on the BASIC NON PROGRAMMER S DISK If your disk does not include a copy transfer it from your local file server by means of the FTP program for example gt Ftp Maxc Ret lt alto gt markup runC How to start Markup Simply type Markup followed by E3 __ Markup will ask you for names of the input and output files If you omit the input file name and type only Ck __ Markup will supply a one page blank Press file if you omit the output file name Markup will assume that you just want to play and do not want to generate any output for printing For convenience you may type both file names on the command line gt Markup InputFile OutputFile Markup takes several seconds to get started Eventually the display screen will go blank the first page of the input file will appear and the cursor will change to a small cross Markup is now ready for your use If the input and
18. nd works in a similar fashion to the image area command the BLUE button is used to define the rectangular area to be picked up and the RED button is used to insert the image and text in the desired position As in the image area command a rectangle shows where the information will be inserted also the same cursor alignment feature is available Images and text may be moved between pages by erasing them selecting another page and inserting them this is useful for adding existing illustrations to a text document and applies to pure images and pure text as well as to combinations of the two The only unusual feature of this command is its criterion for picking up text Any text strings placed on the page with the aid of Markup will be picked up provided they lie within the boundary of the overall enclosing rectangle Formatted text from Bravo however is picked up only in units of a paragraph at a timeit is not possible to pick up part of a paragraph and leave the rest This is sometimes useful for it means that you can pick up an illustration without accidentally including part of a nearby text paragraph Changing the grid The symbol resembling a number sign next to the image and text symbol can be selected in order to change the grid spacing This command uses the BLUE mouse button for size changes and the RED to change the grid alignment Either button if pressed will cause lines of dots to appear on the screen showing the horizontal and
19. of taking the text within the area too In order to use all these commands you must understand that Markup can remember image areas in much the same way that it remembers text Thus when you erase an area it doesn t vanish forever but goes into Markup s memory when you give the command to insert an image it 89 90 MARKUP USER S MANUAL is the image in this memory that gets inserted The fact that you can t see the image in Markup s memory is sometimes inconvenient but there is only one display on the Alto and Markup uses it just to show you what s on the page Erasing and inserting image areas There is a small open square symbol in the bottom row of the menu selection of this symbol allows you to erase and insert image areas To erase you must indicate the rectangle to be erased by tracing out a diagonal of the rectangle Position the center of the cursor at one corner of the rectangular area press down with the BLUE button move to the opposite corner and lift up As you move the mouse the area you will erase is shown by inverting its contents i e by turning black dots white and white dots black Note that the boundaries of the area are constrained to the nearest grid lines If during the erase operation you change your mind or realize that you started in the wrong place simply retrace your steps until the black inverted area disappears you can then lift up with no side effects If you should lift up and
20. the cursor symbol will change as you move from one menu symbol to the next If you move up or down more rows of the menu will appear When you have selected the command you want release the button and the menu will disappear image file menu to leave Markup page turning TIMESROMANIOI main menu spd font menu LOGO24 Figure 1 The Markup menu The complete menu is shown above The four rows of six symbols constitute the principal commands of Markup Below these symbols are the names of the fonts available to you for adding text to your illustrations the choice of fonts depends on the fonts defined in the input Press file Above the menu are the names of other Press files containing images that you can add to your illustrations To the left and right are the numbers of the other pages in the document and the symbols and quit for adding more pages and for leaving the Markup program when you are finished The top row of menu symbols freehand drawing To p om The top row of the menu contains six different brushes for freehand drawing When you select one of these six you can draw by pressing down on the RED top or left button and holding it down as you move the mouse dots will appear as long as you hold the button down The pattern of dots laid down matches the shape of the brush except in the case of the two left hand brushes in the top row which are surrounded by broken circles to make them easier to follow The
21. ting the text Text may also be erased using the BLUE button To do this you must first select the text brush i e the T shaped symbol in the lower right hand corner of the menu When you point at a string of text and press on the BLUE button the text will be erased It may now be inserted elsewhere with the RED button Only the text brush and the text and image brush see below can be used to remove text It is not always possible to erase text created with other programs such as Bravo or Draw Markup remembers the text you erase or type in and insert and allows you to insert this text any number of times In between insertions you may draw with the freehand and line drawing brushes change fonts see below and move to other pages of the document You may add text in any of the fonts in the font portion of the menu To select a font press the YELLOW button and move the mouse down until the font menu appears lift up when the cursor is within the appropriate font name You may change the font of a piece of text in this way erase it switch fonts and insert it Image areas Markup provides a number of commands for manipulating rectangular image areas on the screen You can erase an area insert its contents somewhere else rotate the image make a mirror image and scale it up or down You may read in images from files on your disk and may scan images in using a TV camera You have the option when erasing or moving an image area
22. u many seconds of waiting This command operates only on dots not on text 91 92 MARKUP USER S MANUAL Rotation and scaling Once an image has been erased and stored in Markup s memory it can be manipulated in a number of ways using the one remaining command symbol on the bottom row yet to be describedthe one consisting of two open boxes This command differs from all the others in its use of the mouse buttons both buttons cause the image to be inserted The RED button is used to scale the image to rotate it through multiples of 90 degrees and to make mirror images of it The BLUE button is used to rotate the image through arbitrary angles When you press down on the RED button a double cross appears marking the origin for scaling and rotation You may now choose between the various functions available by moving the cursor in various different directions As shown below the upper right quadrant is used for scaling while the two adjacent quadrants provide mirror imaging and the lower left quadrant provides 180 degree rotation If the cursor is positioned directly above or below the origin the image will be inserted rotated 90 degrees anticlockwise and if the cursor is positioned on the same horizontal line as the origin the image is rotated 90 degrees clockwise In every case a rectangle shows the position where the image will be inserted in the case of scaling tick marks are placed at intervals of half the size of the original
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search