RX Family Application Note Coding Example of Wait Processing by
Contents
1. 4 byte alignment thus the instruction fetch is performed once Pattern B When the number of execution cycles increases 2 1 0 r L l ooo ee BNE instruction I SUB instruction Instruction fetch 2 The SUB instruction code does not fall within the 4 byte alignment then the instruction fetch is performed twice for this instruction in the result the number of execution cycles becomes two Figure 4 2 Allocation Address of the Instruction and the Number of Instruction Execution Cycles RO1AN1852EJ0100 Rev 1 00 Page 11 of 12 Feb 3 2014 RENESAS RX Family Coding Example of Wait Processing by Software 5 Sample Code Sample code can be downloaded from the Renesas Electronics website 6 Reference Documents User s Manual Software RX Family User s Manual Software Rev 1 20 RO1US0032EJ The latest version can be downloaded from the Renesas Electronics website Technical Update Technical News The latest information can be downloaded from the Renesas Electronics website User s Manual Development Tools RX Family C C Compiler Package V 1 01 User s Manual Rev 1 00 R20UT0570EJ The latest version can be downloaded from the Renesas Electronics website RX Family CC RX V2 01 00 User s Manual RX Coding R20UT2748EJ The latest version can be downloaded from the Renesas Electronics website Website and Support Renesas Electronics website http www renesas com Inquiries http www renesas com contact2. Function Specifications eeseeseeese neses eee ee ee ee ee ee eeeee eee aeeeeaaeeeaaeeseaeeeeaaeeesaaesdeaeeseeeeseeeessaeeeeneeees 8 ef PIOWCNANS iniurias align A ec odie ot aa 9 3 7 1 Function That Specifies the Number Of LOOPS cccceeseeceeeeeeeeeeeseaeeeeneeseeeesaeeeeaeeteneees 9 3 7 2 Function That Specifies Execution Time cccceceecceceeeeeeneceeeeeeceaeeesaaeeeeaeeseaeeseaeeeeeaessenees 9 Aq REGENCE inno ea buhay aae a Ea a a 10 4 1 Influence of Optimization Options on Instruction Codes seessessseesseesrsseseesiesresernerenseenes 10 4 2 Influence of the Instruction Allocation Address on the Number of Instruction Execution Cycles 11 Bs SDAMPIS GODS raa ea sncentated cduzeg ontepen dead E ded ct vans apganssdeenevane sevaviageded danaapgiiensyeteys 12 6 Reference DOCUMENTS ciiin anaa EE AREA E aaa araa Daaa eaa 12 R01AN1852EJ0100 Rev 1 00 Page 2 of 12 Feb 3 2014 RENESAS RX Family Coding Example of Wait Processing by Software 1 Wait Processing When performing wait processing using a loop such as the Do while statement the wait time may not match the intended time for the following reasons e InC language instructions to be output or the number of instructions vary depending on the compiler optimization options and version in the result the number of execution cycles also varies e In assembly language when an instruction straddles the alignment the number of instruction fetch
3. Optimization Options on Instruction Codes When using C language to write wait processing if the optimization options or compiler version on the compile process differ the type and number of instructions to be output differ and then the number of execution cycles in the wait processing changes Table 3 1 lists examples of optimization options and instructions that are output Table 4 1 Optimization Options and Instructions That are Output C Language Source Wait processing using a Do while statement void Software_delay unsigned long count do count while count Example of Compile Results Optimization level 0 1 loop 6 instructions Optimization level 1 Optimization type Size prioritized 1 loop 4 instructions Optimization level 2 Optimization type Size prioritized 1 loop 2 instructions _Software_delay _Software_delay _Software_delay STACK STACK STACK _Software_delay 8 _Software_delay 4 _Software_delay 4 SUB 04H RO L1 L1 MOV L R1 R0 ADD OFFFFFFFFH R1 R14 SUB 01H R1 LI CMP 01H R1 BNE L1 MOV L RO R1 MOV L R14 R1 L2 SUB 01H R1 BNE L1 RTS MOV L R1 R0 L2 L2 RTS MOV L RO R1 CMP 00H R1 BNE L1 L3 RTSD 04H RO1AN1852EJ0100 Rev 1 00 Page 10 of 12 Feb 3 2014 RENESAS RX Family Coding Example of Wait Processing by Software 4 2 Influence of the Instruction Allocation Address on the Number of Instruction Execution Cycl
4. RO1AN1852EJ0100 Rev 1 00 Page 12 of 12 Feb 3 2014 RENESAS REVISION HISTORY RX Family Application Note Coding Example of Wait Processing by Software Description Date Summary Feb 3 2014 First edition issued All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners General Precautions in the Handling of MPU MCU Products The following usage notes are applicable to all MPU MCU products from Renesas For detailed usage notes on the products covered by this document refer to the relevant sections of the document as well as any technical updates that have been issued for the products 1 Handling of Unused Pins Handle unused pins in accordance with the directions given under Handling of Unused Pins in the manual The input pins of CMOS products are generally in the high impedance state In operation with an unused pin in the open circuit state extra electromagnetic noise is induced in the vicinity of LSI an associated shoot through current flows internally and malfunctions occur due to the false recognition of the pin state as an input signal become possible Unused pins should be handled as described under Handling of Unused Pins in the manual 2 Processing at Power on The state of the product is undefined at the moment when power is supplied The states of internal circuits in the LSI are indeterminate and the states of register settings and pins are undefined at the m
5. a different part number confirm that the change will not lead to problems The characteristics of an MPU or MCU in the same group but having a different part number may differ in terms of the internal memory capacity layout pattern and other factors which can affect the ranges of electrical characteristics such as characteristic values operating margins immunity to noise and amount of radiated noise When changing to a product with a different part number implement a system evaluation test for the given product Notice 1 Descriptions of circuits software and other related information in this document are provided only to illustrate the operation of semiconductor products and application examples You are fully responsible for the incorporation of these circuits software and information in the design of your equipment Renesas Electronics assumes no responsibility for any losses incurred by you or third parties arising from the use of these circuits software or information 2 Renesas Electronics has used reasonable care in preparing the information included in this document but Renesas Electronics does not warrant that such information is error free Renesas Electronics assumes no liability whatsoever for any damages incurred by you resulting from errors in or omissions from the information included herein 3 Renesas Electronics does not assume any liability for infringement of patents copyrights or other intellectual p
6. the Function That Specifies the Execution Time In the processing for calling the RLDELAY_Us function the execution time WAIT_TIME_US and ICLK frequency BSP_ICLK_HZ are specified in the argument In the RLDELAY_Us function the number of loops is calculated then the R_DELAY function is executed using the calculation result as the argument The number of loops is calculated as follows Number of loops Execution time us x ICLK kHz 5 000 execution cycles for 1 loop x 1 000 4 loops overhead of 20 cycles When an execution time of 100 us and an ICLK frequency of 10 000 kHz 10 MHz The number of loops 100 x 10 000 5 000 4 196 loops The number of execution cycles 196 loops x 5 cycles 980 cycles Execution time us 10 000 kHz 100 ns x 980 cycles 20 cycles overhead 100 us 3 3 Notes on Using Functions This section describes notes on using the functions e Inline function that specifies the number of loops Do not set the number of loops to 0 When executing the function in external memory the number of cycles for a loop does not become 5 cycles e Function that specifies the execution time Do not set the execution time and ICLK frequency to 0 Set the execution time and ICLK frequency to a whole number The 20 cycle overhead may increase depending on the execution time us and ICLK frequency kHz values The calculated result for the number of loops is rounded off to the nearest wh
7. 2rCENESAS APPLICATION NOTE RX Family RO1AN1852EJ0100 Rev 1 00 Coding Example of Wait Processing by Software Feb 3 2014 Abstract This document describes a coding example of wait processing by software Products e RX600 Series RX610 Group RX62N 621 Group RX62T Group RX62G Group RX630 Group RX63N 631 Group RX63T Group e RX200 Series RX210 Group RX220 Group RX21A Group e RX100 Series RX110 Group RX111 Group When using this application note with other Renesas MCUs careful evaluation is recommended after making modifications to comply with the alternate MCU RO1AN1852EJ0100 Rev 1 00 Page 1 of 12 Feb 3 2014 RENESAS RX Family Coding Example of Wait Processing by Software Contents Ti Wait ProCGSSinG isinisi etae aa aaae as TE a E EEEE E EAE e A EEEE EGA 3 2 Operation Confirmation Conditions ccccecececeeceeeteeeeeeeeceeeeeceeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeseaaeseeeeeseeeseieeeeaeeee 4 E OM ANG E ET E E A E E A E E AA E A EAS PE T A A 6 3 1 Operation QVerview x ssacecsces cae cesta secvend asaes heceesaueecsatechaeseediPesatdbbvavasanceeducethdaseatheGeducs dhdectsnuunedane 6 3 2 Coding Examples of Wait ProCeSSing cc ccessceceeeceeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeceaeeeeaaeeseaeeseneeesaeeeeaeeneneeeeeeeeeas 6 3 3 Notes on Using FUNCIONS sessies nnua iiine iaaa aaa NE aA eked steer e nee wade 7 B24 File COMPOSI sieniin aaa a tadesheecdehs Gop iste hu actenaheny E a E RRA 8 30 FUNCIONS mnene a a a aa a 8 3 6
8. ELAY static void R_DELAY unsigned long loop_cnt BRA NOP 2 NOP SUB 01H R1 The number of cycles becomes fixed regardless of the alignment BNE Figure 3 1 Coding for the Inline Function That Specifies the Number of Loops In the processing for calling the R_DELAY function the number of loops LOOP_COUNT is specified in the argument In the R_DELAY function one loop is decremented from the number of loop the loop is repeated until R1 reaches 0 Assuming the number of loops LOOP_COUNT is five loops the execution cycles for the R IDELAY function is calculated as 5 loops x 5 cycles 25 cycles RO1AN1852EJ0100 Rev 1 00 Page 6 of 12 Feb 3 2014 RENESAS RX Family Coding Example of Wait Processing by Software Figure 3 2 shows Coding for the Function That Specifies the Execution Time C source code include r_delay h lt Include the header file void main void R_DELAY Us WAIT_TIME_US BSP_ICLK_HZ lt Set the execution time WAIT_TIME_US and ICLK frequency BSP_ICLK_HZ C source code r_delay c pragma inline_asm R_DELAY static void R_DELAY unsigned long loop_cnt BRA NOP 2 NOP SUB 01H R1 BNE void R_DELAY_Us unsigned long us unsigned long khz signed long loop_cnt loop_cnt us khz loop_cnt loop_cnt 5000 Calculate the number of loops loop_cnt loop_cnt 4 if loop_cnt gt 0 R_DELAY unsigned long loop_cnt Figure 3 2 Coding for
9. FIGDIR PROJECTNAME mot exit Endian Little endian Sample code version Version 1 00 RO1AN1852EJ0100 Rev 1 00 Page 4 of 12 Feb 3 2014 RENESAS RX Family Coding Example of Wait Processing by Software Table 2 2 Operation Confirmation Conditions e2 studio Item Contents MCU used R5F563NBDDFC RX63N Group Integrated development Renesas Electronics environment e2 studio Version 2 2 0 13 C compiler Renesas Electronics RX Standard Toolchain Version 2 1 0 Options Compiler cpu rx600 include TCINSTALL include debug nologo change_message warning define __RX Assembler cpu rx600 nolistfile debug nologo Linker library CONFIGDIR ProjName lib noprelink list ProjName map show nooptimize nomessage nologo output CONFIGDIR ProjName abs rom D R rom D_1 R_1 rom D_2 R_ 2 Endian Little endian Sample code version Version 1 00 RO1AN1852EJ0100 Rev 1 00 Page 5 of 12 Feb 3 2014 RENESAS RX Family Coding Example of Wait Processing by Software 3 Software The sample code accompanying this application note has two kinds of wait processing e Inline function that specifies the number of loops e Function that specifies the execution time 3 1 Operation Overview e Inline function that specifies the number of loops Loops for the number of loops specified are performed This processing is the assembly language inline function and one loop
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11. and injury or damage caused by fire in the event of the failure of a Renesas Electronics product such as safety design for hardware and software including but not limited to redundancy fire control and malfunction prevention appropriate treatment for aging degradation or any other appropriate measures Because the evaluation of microcomputer software alone is very difficult please evaluate the safety of the final products or systems manufactured by you 8 Please contact a Renesas Electronics sales office for details as to environmental matters such as the environmental compatibility of each Renesas Electronics product Please use Renesas Electronics products in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations that regulate the inclusion or use of controlled substances including without limitation the EU RoHS Directive Renesas Electronics assumes no liability for damages or losses occurring as a result of your noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations 9 Renesas Electronics products and technology may not be used for or incorporated into any products or systems whose manufacture use or sale is prohibited under any applicable domestic or foreign laws or regulations You should not use Renesas Electronics products or technology described in this document for any purpose relating to military applications or use by the military including but not limited to the development of weapons of mass destruction When exporting the Renesas Electronics produ
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13. e r_delay h void R_DELAY_Us unsigned long us unsigned long khz The number of loops are calculated based on the execution time us and ICLK frequency and the inline function that specifies the number of loops is called us __ Execution time khz ICLK frequency when calling the function None Page 8 of 12 RENESAS RX Family Coding Example of Wait Processing by Software 3 7 Flowcharts 3 7 1 Function That Specifies the Number of Loops Figure 3 3 shows the Function That Specifies the Number of Loops R DELAY Argument R1 Number of loops Decrement the number of loops R1 R1 1 Is the number of loops 0 Yes return Figure 3 3 Function That Specifies the Number of Loops 3 7 2 Function That Specifies Execution Time Figure 3 4 shows the Function That Specifies Execution Time R_DELAY_Us Arguments E unsigned long us Execution time unsigned long khz ICLK frequency when calling the function Calculate the number of loops oop_cnt lt us khz loop_cnt lt loop_cnt 5000 loop_cnt lt loop_cnt 4 Is the number of No loops 1 or more Inline function that specifies the number of loops R_DELAY return Figure 3 4 Function That Specifies Execution Time RO1AN1852EJ0100 Rev 1 00 Page 9 of 12 Feb 3 2014 RENESAS RX Family 4 Reference Coding Example of Wait Processing by Software The following explains how the number of execution cycles varies 4 1 Influence of
14. es When the code size of the instruction code is 2 bytes or more and the allocation address of the instruction code straddles the alignment the fetch for the instruction is performed twice then the number of execution cycles may increase by one cycle The sample code below is an example to show how the number of execution cycles increases in wait processing In Figure 4 1 when the sample shown on the left is compiled instruction codes are output as shown on the right When the SUB instruction address is allocated to an address that does not straddle the alignment as shown in Pattern A of Figure 4 2 the instruction fetch is only performed once then the number of execution cycles for the SUB instruction is one cycle When the SUB instruction address is allocated to an address that straddles the alignment as shown in Pattern B of Figure 4 2 the instruction fetch is performed twice then the number of execution cycles for the SUB instruction becomes two cycles Sample code Compile result assembler count XX Address Instruction code do FFFFXXXX FFFFXXXX 6011 SUB 01H R1 count FFFFXXXX 2 2irr BNE Label while count XX Number of loops Figure 4 1 Compile Result of the Sample Code This diagram assumes 4 byte alignment CPU Pattern A When the number of execution cycles does not increase 3 2 1 0 SUB instruction SUB instruction Ps Instruction fetch 1 The SUB instruction code falls within the
15. es increases then the number of execution cycles will change For these reasons assembly language must be used to have wait processing with a fixed number of execution cycles so instructions are not affected by the alignment The following pages explain coding examples of wait processing with a fixed number of execution cycles RO1AN1852EJ0100 Rev 1 00 Page 3 of 12 Feb 3 2014 RENESAS RX Family Coding Example of Wait Processing by Software 2 Operation Confirmation Conditions The sample code accompanying this application note has been run and confirmed under the conditions below Table 2 1 Operation Confirmation Conditions High performance Embedded Workshop Item Contents MCU used R5F563NBDDFC RX63N Group Integrated development Renesas Electronics environment High performance Embedded Workshop Version 4 09 01 C compiler Renesas Electronics RX Standard Toolchain Version 1 2 1 0 Options Compiler cpu rx600 output obj CONFIGDIR FILELEAF obj debug nologo Assembler cpu rx600 output CONFIGDIR FILELEAF obj debug nologo Linker noprelink rom D R D_1 R_1 D_2 R_2 nomessage list CONFIGDIR PROJECTNAME map nooptimize start B_1 R_1 B_2 R_2 B R SU SI 04 PResetPRG OFFFF8000 C_1 C_2 C C D_1 D_2 D P PIntPRG W L OFFFF8100 FIXEDVECT OFFFFFFDO nologo output CONFIGDIR PROJECTNAME abs end input CONFIGDIR PROJECTNAME abs form stype output CON
16. is executed in five cycles The branch instruction placed before entering the loop processing is to clear the CPU instruction queue and used to match the number of execution cycles between the first loop and the second loop When the branch instruction is executed the instruction queue is cleared and the CPU starts an instruction fetch from the branch destination The NOP instruction is placed in the branch destination to fix the number of cycles regardless of the alignment The number of execution cycles for the loop can always be the same by fetching the subsequent instruction while executing the NOP instruction e Function that specifies the execution time The execution time and the frequency of the system clock ICLK are used as arguments and a waits for the specified execution time is performed The number of loops is calculated using the execution time us and the frequency of the ICLK kHz specified in the arguments and the inline function that specifies the number of loops is called As approximately 20 cycles are needed to for a function call and exit and calculation for the number of loops overhead for the cycles is taken into account when calculating the number of loops 3 2 Coding Examples of Wait Processing Figure 3 1 shows an example of Coding for the Inline Function That Specifies the Number of Loops C source code void main void R_DELAY LOOP_COUNT lt Set the number of loops LOOP_COUNT pragma inline_asm R_D
17. ole number Specify the execution time taking the rounding off into consideration RO1AN1852EJ0100 Rev 1 00 Page 7 of 12 Feb 3 2014 RENESAS RX Family 3 4 Coding Example of Wait Processing by Software File Composition Table 3 1 lists the Files Used in the Sample Code Table 3 1 Files Used in the Sample Code r_delay c Wait processing by software r_delay h Header file for r_delay c 3 5 Functions Table 3 2 lists the Functions Table 3 2 Functions FunctionName Ottline O O O S R_DELAY Inline function that specifies the number of loops R_DELAY_Us Function that specifies the execution time 3 6 Function Specifications The following tables list the sample code function specifications R_DELAY Outline Header Declaration Description Arguments Return Value Remarks R_DELAY_Us Outline Header Declaration Description Arguments Return Value R01AN1852EJ0100 Rev 1 00 Feb 3 2014 Inline function that specifies the number of loops None static void R_DELAY unsigned long loop_cnt Wait processing that loops at a fixed five cycles loop_cnt Number of loops None This function is the assembly language inline function When using this function write the function codes in the appropriate source file By adding a NOP instruction in the start of the loop processing the number of cycles for a loop can be adjusted Function that specifies the execution tim
18. oment when power is supplied In a finished product where the reset signal is applied to the external reset pin the states of pins are not guaranteed from the moment when power is supplied until the reset process is completed In a similar way the states of pins in a product that is reset by an on chip power on reset function are not guaranteed from the moment when power is supplied until the power reaches the level at which resetting has been specified 3 Prohibition of Access to Reserved Addresses Access to reserved addresses is prohibited The reserved addresses are provided for the possible future expansion of functions Do not access these addresses the correct operation of LSI is not guaranteed if they are accessed 4 Clock Signals After applying a reset only release the reset line after the operating clock signal has become stable When switching the clock signal during program execution wait until the target clock signal has stabilized When the clock signal is generated with an external resonator or from an external oscillator during a reset ensure that the reset line is only released after full stabilization of the clock signal Moreover when switching to a clock signal produced with an external resonator or by an external oscillator while program execution is in progress wait until the target clock signal is stable 5 Differences between Products Before changing from one product to another i e to a product with
19. roperty rights of third parties by or arising from the use of Renesas Electronics products or technical information described in this document No license express implied or otherwise is granted hereby under any patents copyrights or other intellectual property rights of Renesas Electronics or others 4 You should not alter modify copy or otherwise misappropriate any Renesas Electronics product whether in whole or in part Renesas Electronics assumes no responsibility for any losses incurred by you or third parties arising from such alteration modification copy or otherwise misappropriation of Renesas Electronics product 5 Renesas Electronics products are classified according to the following two quality grades Standard and High Quality The recommended applications for each Renesas Electronics product depends on the product s quality grade as indicated below Standard Computers office equipment communications equipment test and measurement equipment audio and visual equipment home electronic appliances machine tools personal electronic equipment and industrial robots etc High Quality Transportation equipment automobiles trains ships etc traffic control systems anti disaster systems anti crime systems and safety equipment etc Renesas Electronics products are neither intended nor authorized for use in products or systems that may pose a direct threat to human life or bodily injury artificial life support devices or s
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21. ystems surgical implantations etc or may cause serious property damages nuclear reactor control systems military equipment etc You must check the quality grade of each Renesas Electronics product before using it in a particular application You may not use any Renesas Electronics product for any application for which it is not intended Renesas Electronics shall not be in any way liable for any damages or losses incurred by you or third parties arising from the use of any Renesas Electronics product for which the product is not intended by Renesas Electronics 6 You should use the Renesas Electronics products described in this document within the range specified by Renesas Electronics especially with respect to the maximum rating operating supply voltage range movement power voltage range heat radiation characteristics installation and other product characteristics Renesas Electronics shall have no liability for malfunctions or damages arising out of the use of Renesas Electronics products beyond such specified ranges 7 Although Renesas Electronics endeavors to improve the quality and reliability of its products semiconductor products have specific characteristics such as the occurrence of failure at a certain rate and malfunctions under certain use conditions Further Renesas Electronics products are not subject to radiation resistance design Please be sure to implement safety measures to guard them against the possibility of physical injury
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