Generic Risk Assessment 2.6: Rescue of trapped persons
Contents
1. T RA Communities and Local Government CHIEF FIRE amp RESCUE ADVISER d T Fire and Rescue Service Operational Guidance GAS generic risk assessments GRA 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Hescue of trapped persons November 2011 London TSO TSO information amp publishing solutions Published by TSO The Stationery Office and available from Online www tsoshop co uk Mail Telephone Fax amp E mail TSO PO Box 29 Norwich NR3 1GN Telephone orders General enquiries 0870 600 5522 Fax orders 0870 600 5533 E mail customer services tso co uk Textphone 0870 240 3701 TSO Blackwell and other Accredited Agents Published with the permission of the Department for Communities and Local Government on behalf of Her Majesty s Stationery office Crown copyright 2011 ISBN 9780117540316 Copyright in the typographical arrangement and design rests with the Crown This is a value added publication which falls outside the scope of the HMSO Class Licence Applications for reproduction should be made to The National Archives Information Policy Team Kew Richmond Surrey TW9 4DU Printed in the United Kingdom by The Stationery Office ID 2467868 11 11 16667 19585 The Generic Risk Assessments in this series only apply to England Contents SECTION 1 Generic risk assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons Scope Persons trapped in machinery Minor entrapments Remova2. e Capacitors Electrical systems Such as capacitors often have a considerable amount of electrical energy stored within them that may be earthed through a person who comes into contact with the equipment PNEUMATIC The hazards associated with pneumatic or compressed air equipment include e air embolisms arising when air is forced through the skin either through lacerations or through the pores e physical injury to the hearing or eyes from sudden intense air pressure e flying particles propelled by compressed air HYDRAULIC Hazards associated with hydraulic equipment includes e Hydraulic fluid ejected at high pressure may penetrate human skin epidermal injection wound causing fluid to be forced into the bloodstream or surrounding tissue at high pressure e Eye skin injuries caused by general contact with hydraulic fluids Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons e Leakage of hydraulic fluid may increase the likelihood of slips trips and falls particularly if the surface is also wet e f hydraulic fluid is released at high pressure it will form a mist aerosol which may be inhaled Oil based fluids may cause adverse reactions in the respiratory system particularly if there is any microbiological contamination If the oil is ingested via saliva it may be absorbed and cause problems in the liver STORED MECHANICAL ENERGY KINETIC POTENTIAL Although not an energy source in its own right if a machine i
3. persons 13 oafety Officers should wear nationally recognised identification to indicate that they are undertaking the Safety Officer role Fire and Rescue Services should ensure that training and other measures such as aide memoires are in place and available to support those staff liable to undertake this role Incidents involving lifts or escalators will in most cases involve operations being undertaken at two distinct locations Safety officers should be nominated on every occasion that a member of a Fire and Rescue Service enters a shaft Personal protective equipment Fire and Rescue Services must ensure that any personal protective equipment provided is fit for purpose and meets all required safety standards When choosing suitable protective garments the standard of clothing worn beneath the specialist personal protective equipment should also be taken into account Consideration should also be given to the selection of suitable sizes and gender specific requirements of personal protective equipment Personal protective equipment should also take account of the need for rescuers to be visible against the operational background including night working and for the Incident Commander and other managerial and functional roles defined in the national incident command system to be distinguishable All personnel must use appropriate levels of service provided personal protective equipment and respiratory protective equipment as deter
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5. vary dependant upon type method of operation and processes involved In general hazards may be either Mechanical hazards which include e entanglement e friction and abrasion e cutting or shearing e stabbing or puncture e impact e crush e drawing in Non mechanical hazards which include e chemical e electrical e noise and vibration e pressure vacuum e inhalation of mist or vapour e jonising radiation e biological or bacterial e temperature extreme e lasers 6 Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons Power supplies Consideration should be given to the hazards associated with the various types of power supply in use especially where isolation is required Power supplies in common use include e electricity e pneumatic e hydraulic e stored energy ELECTRICITY The hazards of electricity include e Flectric shock Through either direct or indirect contact e Arcing Electricity of sufficient voltage can jump an air gap causing electrocution to persons not actually in contact with a conductor e Fire Electric current flowing through a conductor generates heat e Burns Either through arcing where the intense heat may cause burns at entry and exit points to the body or as a result of excessive flow through the body causing tissue damage e Electrostatic charge A high voltage electrical field has the ability to induce a static electrical charge to persons in close proximity to it
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7. ble and if safe to do so isolate hydraulic supplies to plant ensure any machinery parts that can move are fully supported or locked off prior to isolation of any hydraulic supply avoid contact with hydraulic fluid and use suitable gloves ensure any spillages of hydraulic fluid are cleaned up immediately or covered with suitable absorbent and tapped off where a pressure release of hydraulic fluid leads to a mist or aerosol in the atmosphere suitable respiratory protective equipment must be used STORED KINETIC POTENTIAL ENERGY DUE TO DAMAGED MACHINERY ETC consult with the site engineer prior to working on plant lock off or immobilise any plant or machinery that may move following or during rescue operation limit the number of personnel in the hazard area crews to be fully briefed of the specific hazards of collapse sudden movement of plant Manual Handling 16 All Fire and Rescue Service personnel to receive suitable manual handling training Fire and Rescue Service personnel only to operate mechanical lifting equipment for which they are trained and competent Personnel should ensure that where possible sufficient space is made to enable safe manual handling to be undertaken Overstretching pulling or lifting can result in serious injury and the possibility of the rescuer also getting into difficulty Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons Noise The provision of specialist equipment e g heavy re
8. dards and identify the resources required to ensure safe systems of work are maintained Each Fire and Rescue Service should assess the hazards and risks in their area relating to this generic risk assessment he assessment should include other Fire and Rescue oervice s areas where cross border arrangements make this appropriate 10 Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons oite specific plans should be considered for locations where the hazards and risks are significant and they should take account of and specify any variation from the normal operational capability of personnel appliances and equipment In particular recognition should be given to the physical and psychological pressures that an operational incident may apply to Fire and Rescue Service personnel Site specific plans should include e levels of response e relevant standard operating procedures e tactical considerations including rendezvous points appliance marshalling areas and access points e identification and where necessary the formal notification to person s responsible for the site of any Fire and Rescue Service operational limitations Planning is underpinned by information gathering much of which will be gained through inspections or visits by Fire and Rescue Service personnel for example those covered by section 7 2 d and 9 3 d of the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004 Information should also be gathered and used to review safe syste
9. e as appropriate occupational health support and surveillance follow up e conduct a de brief to identify and record any lessons learned from the incident De briefs will range in complexity and formality proportionate to the scale of the incident and in line with individual Fire and Rescue Service s procedures e consider any changes required to safe systems of work appliances or equipment in the light of any lessons learned from debriefs or from safety events e consider the need to review existing information held on a premises or location or the need to add a new premises or location into future preplanning e g by adding to visit or inspection programme e staff should be supported and monitored to identify whether they are experiencing any adverse affects and to check whether they would benefit from accessing counselling and support services Consideration should be given to arranging for staff to make a contemporaneous written record of their actions This information may be used to assist in any internal or external investigations or enquiries that follow an incident e g coroners court public enquiry etc Specific control measure for release of trapped persons MACHINERY GENERAL e Whenever possible Fire and Rescue Service personnel should consult with site specialist engineers prior to commencing operations e Machine guards should only be removed once it is confirmed that the power to the machine has been isolated and any movi
10. e1oud oho se ojD eoiDuns 6 8 s uu je ye WOM jueuudinbe 9An29joJd euosJed 1994102 SOINSCSW O1 UuOO euuosJed SBODIAJOS KAoueDJeuue 1Su1O euuosJed euoneJedo IIQr1d euuosJed s olAJ8S ou Diu uu JOUIO euuosJed euoneJedo euuosJed seolAJes KoueDJeuue 1SulO euuosJed euoneJedo YSU ye SUOSIOd ssousnolosuoouf Buljjams s sinuq s1n2 1 piosip ss 41s oneuuneJ 1sod SSOIIS eoiDoJouoAsd SUOnoo ul 9UJOQ JIe pOOJ Q Aq uoneulue1uo euuosJed ooiMes oueDuJeuJe O 1u9 OIA 9ul029q esnqe 940JeJeu1 SOOURISLUNDIIO JO oJe eun SpA JO ssapueyskq oijgnd euuosJed ooiMes oueDJeuJe O 1u9J OIA 9ul029q esnqe 31049194 SOOURISLUNDIIO JO oJewveun SpA OJO suapueyskq oijgnd jueuudinbe 1si eroeds Jo oouejsisse JOJ Ounie oui euinboaj Aew pue MO S pue xe duJoo eg Aew suoneJedo oIA19S onoseu pue ail SJopuels q D OJO WOJ 99U9JOIA seun ui e19Aes Duueyuns Ayenseo JO N IA 0 nsodxg Ayenseo pejoelu puezey suoneJedo OIAJ8S Sl Ayenseo peunfui AJQJOASS 01 eJnsodxe eJeuec ple 1SJlJ Ayenseo uy Bui eep pue j1ueuJssessy LL 25 Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons
11. er trapped by the resultant effect of flowing water or become trapped within or by an object that could as a result of the involvement of water create a serious risk of drowning Periods of heavy rain and flash flooding can cause rapid rises in the water level which will have a serious effect if someone is trapped Working at height There are a number of situations that will involve the casualty being trapped at height and the hazards and control measures identified in Generic Risk Assessment 5 10 Working at heights should be considered Additionally persons may be found in a situation which although initially not identified as a rescue from height could result in a fall from height ouch examples could include large industrial machines where the casualty is trapped on top or within the mechanism Dealing with animals Many entrapments occur on farms and may be in the vicinity of farm animals These may hinder the progress of the rescue as the animals may have to be removed from the area before the rescue can be undertaken or they may pose a hazard to personnel and the casualty at the scene The hazards and risks involving animals are covered further in Generic Risk Assessment 2 5 Rescues of large animals Key control measures Planning Planning is key to enhancing the safety of firefighters and others likely to be affected by Fire and Rescue Service operations Each Fire and Rescue Service s strategic plans will set stan
12. ervices to have a standard operating procedure for rescue of animals and all personnel to receive training on its implementation Technical references Manual of Firemanship book 12 Practical Firemanship Il Fire Service Manual volume 2 Incident Command 8rd Edition Fire Service Manual volume 2 Electricity 6 The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 8 __ The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 9 PD 5304 2000 The safe use of machinery U U I I I o Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons 19 bunui ejqeins Jo uoisiAOJ4d AJQUIYOCW JO uomejosi pue ejnoJ ejes eulue ep O Jeidno90 UUM esiel O SMAID uoisiMJedns eyeudouddy AolJOd 92i uJeg enoseu pue 1 4 Jed se seujnpeooud euoneJedQo SOINSCSW O1 UuOO IIQr1d euuosJed BOIMES KAoueDJeuue 1Su1lO euuosJed euoneJedo YSI je SUOSIOd sje pue sdu sdils 99JnOS J AAOd UM 1061009 Our HUILUOO q pesneo unfu jeuiuoeuu Buriquulo Jt Aurejnonued suomne4edo JO eueos o 1ueuudinboe Bue 1S luM seunful Dui pueu enuen ooeuns Jjeddi s u A un AjeuiuoeuJ punoJe pue ul eoeds euululu pue ubisep x 9 duuoo u os O SS8008 AI 9I11S td piezey suoneJedo JO QUBOS y WOJ ssoJDo pue 0 sseooy Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons suosJed p ddelL 9 JU9UISS9SSV HSIY VUSUSE JO geuujungs e NOILOAS UonoeJe ul eolod JOWUOW pue poj 01 j euuosJ4ed Jo
13. l ol articles Sionificant hazards and risks Machine hazards Power supplies Stored mechanical eneroy kinetic potential Manual handlino Noise Dealing with casualties and fatalities Trauma psychological stress Confined spaces Irrespirable flamable atmospheres Drowning Working at height Dealing with animals Key control measures Planning Competence and training Command and control oafety Officer s Personal protective equipment Post incident opecific control measure for release of trapped persons Technical references D D O CO OO OO O O O Ci ao a Ch Cl at 22 D 2 2h Lo ud 2 2h do bo f et O 010 OO GQ N O OOO SECTION 2 Summary of Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Trapped persons 20 Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons SECTION 1 Generic risk assessment 2 6 Hescue of trapped persons Scope This generic risk assessment examines the hazards risks and controls that relate to incidents where persons are trapped and require release This as all generic risk assessments provides a starting point for Fire and Rescue oervices to conduct their own assessments within the context of local conditions and existing organisational arrangements This generic risk assessment is primarily concerned with the following types of entrapments Persons trapped in machinery This category includes incidents where persons are physically trapped in or by industrial machinery This may be in either locations
14. mined by the safe system of work When working with machinery there is a significant risk of contamination from a leakage of hydraulic fluid Individual Fire and Rescue Services should determine the level of personal protective equipment that may be required to perform this task If personal protective equipment or individuals are contaminated by body fluids or come into contact with human or animal excrement the Fire and Rescue Service s procedures for dealing with contaminated and soiled personal protective equipment should be followed If there is any doubt regarding the level or degree of contamination appropriate scientific or medical advice should be sought POST INCIDENT The following measures should be considered to help eliminate or remove risks after an incident aS appropriate to the nature and scale of the incident e any safety events personal injuries exposure to hazardous substances or near misses should be recorded investigated and reported in line with legislative requirements such as Reporting of Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrence Regulations 1995 etc 14 Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons e arrangements should be in place to either remove all contamination from personal protective equipment or to ensure it s safe and appropriate disposal and to check that personal protective equipment maintains the agreed levels of integrity and protection for the wearer throughout it s lifecycle
15. ms of work from sources both within and outside the Fire and Rescue Service including e fire safety audits e incident de briefs e health and safety events e local authorities e local resilience fora Involving others in planning is an effective way to build good working relations with partner agencies and other interested parties such as site owners Fire and Rescue Services should ensure systems are in place to record and regularly review risk information and to ensure that new risks are identified and recorded as soon as practicable Fire and Rescue Services must ensure that the information gathered is treated as confidential unless disclosure is made in the course of duty or is required for legal reasons Fire and Rescue Services should consider the benefits of using consistent systems and formats to record information from all sources Consideration should also be given to how timely access will be provided to inform and support operational decision making Information needs will vary in proportion to the size and nature of the incident The capacity of Fire and Rescue Service personnel to assimilate information will vary in relation to the complexity of the incident Therefore arrangements may need to be flexible and be based on more than one system Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons 11 opecific planning for incidents relating to this generic risk assessment should include site visits to assist perso
16. ng parts have stopped e Where machinery safety devices such as brakes and safety interlocks have activated they should not be overridden before careful consideration of the effect of their release Releasing such safety devices could lead to uncontrolled movement of machinery and further injury to any casualties or rescuers e Any specific hazards or safe systems of work which are normally used when accessing the machine should be identified through consultation with the on site experts specialists at the incident Power Supplies ELECTRICITY e seek the advice of the site engineer if available e isolate power supplies where safe to do so Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons 15 use insulated tools and gloves when working on electrical equipment earth systems where necessary Fire and Rescue Service personnel to be aware of the contents of Generic Risk Assessment 5 1 Generic hazards Electricity PNEUMATIC seek the advice of the site engineer before working on any plant use ear protection and eye protection when working near to pneumatic plant where possible and if safe to do so isolate air supplies to plant ensure any machinery parts that can move after isolation of pneumatic supply are fully supported or locked off prior to isolation of any air supply HYDRAULIC seek the advice of the site engineer before working on any plant use gloves and eye protection when working near hydraulic plant where possi
17. nged risks should continue during the incident Safety Officer s The early appointment of one or more Safety Officer s will assist in supporting a tactical plan to address risks so they can be eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level A safety decision making model should be used to brief Safety Officers regarding the nature of the incident the allocated task and prevailing hazards and risks The Incident Commander should confirm that the Safety Officer understands e their role and area of responsibility e allocated tasks e ines of communication Those undertaking the Safety Officer role should e be competent to perform the role e ensure personnel are wearing appropriate personal protective equipment e monitor the physical condition of personnel and or general or specific safety conditions at the incident in accordance with their brief e take any urgent corrective action required to ensure safety of personnel e update the Incident Commander or senior safety officer regarding any change in circumstances e not be engaged in any other aspect of operations unless this is required to deal with a risk critical situation The role of a Safety Officer can be carried out by any of the fire service roles but the complexity of the task size of the incident and scope of responsibility should be considered by the Incident Commander when determining the supervisory level required Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped
18. nnel to recognise different types and design of lifts and escalators safety features of the machinery location and access to motor rooms and control systems availability of any on site engineers with specialist knowledge availability and location of equipment operating instructions Planning should also lead to the development of standard operating procedures and the provision of suitable specialist equipment Competence and training When formulating a competence and training strategy Fire and Rescue Services should consider the following points e o ensure specific risk assessments for this incident type are suitable and sufficient those tasked with carrying out the assessment and developing procedures are competent to do so Fire and Rescue Services must ensure that their personnel are adequately trained to deal with hazards and risks associated with this generic risk assessment e The level and nature of training undertaken should be shaped by an informed training needs analysis that takes account of Fire and Rescue Service guidance on the competenoy framework national occupational standards and any individual training needs e raining and development programmes should follow the principles set out in national guidance documents generally be structured so that they move from simple to more complex tasks and from lower to higher levels of risk typically cover standard operational procedures as well as ens
19. reshold shift e tinnitus e deafness e raised blood pressure e stress e interference with sleep e interference with speech 8 Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons Dealing with casualties and fatalities Personnel may be exposed to the hazards of blood borne infections or micro organisms such as hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus HIV when dealing with casualties and fatalities The risk to personnel occurs if blood or body fluids come into contact with the eyes mouth or broken skin and possibly through puncture wounds A risk of respiratory infection may be present if the casualty suffers from a disease that is transmitted through coughs etc e g tuberculosis A trapped person may panic and start to struggle resulting in injury to him herself and possibly the firefighter This is particularly the case if the casualty has been drinking alcohol or using drugs Trauma psychological stress A traumatic incident may be described as any situation faced by personnel which may result in them experiencing unusually strong reactions of an emotional nature whether at the scene or at a later time Examples include e fatal or mass casualty incidents especially those where children are involved e serious injury or death of a fellow firefighter family member or friend e loss of life of a casualty following extraordinary and or prolonged rescue attempts especially when involving extensive expendi
20. rs or mains supplies if the atmosphere is believed to be flammable the Incident Commanders should commit as few resources as possible to the hazard area Intrinsically safe electrical equipment should be used in flammable atmospheres where safe to do so isolate all ignition sources rescue teams to be deployed with suitable and sufficient fire fighting means provide covering jets for fire fighting purposes Drowning Fire and Rescue Service personnel to be aware of the contents of Generic Risk Assessment 2 4 Rescues Flooding and water safety Fire and Rescue Services to have a standard operating procedure for working on or near water and all personnel to receive training in its implementation Working at height Fire and Rescue Service personnel to be aware of the contents of Generic Risk Assessment 5 10 Generic hazards Working at heights Fire and Rescue Service to have a standard operating procedure for working at heights and all personnel to receive training on its implementation When carrying out a rescue as identified in this Generic Risk Assessment and a fall hazard exists for fire and rescue personnel or a casualty service approved working at height techniques and procedures must be adopted Dealing with animals 18 Fire and Rescue Service personnel to be aware of the contents of Generic Risk Assessment 2 5 Large animals rescues Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons e Fire and Rescue S
21. s stopped suddenly particularly by a blockage there is often residual energy stored within the system When the blockage is removed the energy is released causing the machinery to move with the resultant possibility of entrapment either of the casualty or his her rescuers Manual handling Many injuries sustained by firefighters occur on the incident ground due to the unsuitability or handling of equipment or because of incorrect methods of casualty hanaling Restricted or confined areas in and around machinery where persons are trapped may exacerbate the potential for manual hanaling injuries Noise Noise especially that created by machinery creates additional hazards to personnel If the noise is of such an intensity that normal speech cannot be heard personnel may not hear or may mishear critical safety information this may expose them and or others to additional hazards or increase the level of risk to either both from existing hazards Intense noise may result in hearing loss either through conductive hearing loss or sensory neural nerve deafness Noise induced hearing loss may be temporary or permanent dependent upon the frequency and intensity of the noise and the duration of exposure The presence of noise in darkened environments may result in disorientation and further communications difficulties in addition continuous exposure to high levels of noise may result in e temporary threshold shift e permanent th
22. scue equipment may be necessary where deemed necessary use suitable ear protection radio communications provided and use with an ear piece system Dealing with casualties and fatalities e Fire and Rescue Service personnel to use suitable gloves and other hand protection systems that provides a barrier against contact with human body fluids Fire and Rescue Service personnel should have an understanding of the effects of crush syndrome on a casualty who has been trapped for an extended period of time Where possible medical advice should be sought prior to any attempted removal of trapped casualties For prolonged contact with casualties Incident Commanders may consider the use of suitable respiratory protection Fire and Rescue Service personnel should continually communicate with any casualty reassuring them and informing them of actions the Fire Service is undertaking Trauma psychological stress Fire and Rescue Services should consider the use of critical incident stress debriefing sessions techniques following any identified high stress incident Fire and Rescue Services should consider making use of a confidential support line available to all personnel Confined spaces All Fire and Rescue Service personnel to be aware of the contents of Generic Hisk Assessment 2 1 Generic hazards Confined spaces Fire and Rescue Services to prepare a standard operating procedure for working in confined spaces Where it is nece
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25. ssary to enter a confined space to carry out rescues the Incident Commander should deploy the minimum number of personnel and equipment required to complete the task A thorough safety brief prior to deployment of personnel within the hazard zone must be carried out Before undertaking any operation that involves working within the confines of the machinery a full appreciation of the workings of the machine must be obtained The history of its movement and subsequent entrapment of the casualty should be investigated by consultation with the owner occupier casualty Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons 17 Confined working rescue conditions may results in crews becoming quickly fatigued Incident Commanders should consider frequent rotation of personnel to ensure their welfare Use of safety officer officers when personnel are deployed in confined spaces Irrespirable flammable atmospheres where the atmospheric conditions are unknown or are believed to be irrespirable breathing apparatus must be used breathing apparatus crews must receive specific briefings on the hazard and any emergency procedures for evacuation atmospheric monitoring equipment if available should be carried by personnel in the risk area seek the advice from the site engineer to ascertain if mechanical ventilations systems can be used to clear the effected area isolate the source of the irrespirable flammable atmosphere i e turn off cylinde
26. ture of physical and or emotional energy e any incident which may attract critical media coverage e any incident in which the circumstances are so unusual or the sights and sounds witnessed so distressing as to produce a highly charged level of emotion either immediately or at a later time Confined spaces Rescues from machinery may have to be made in confined or restricted areas This may include entrapment within the machinery itself or because of the location of the area of work Fire service personnel may find it difficult to access such areas for rescue purposes Working within a confined space or one with restricted access can result in significant risk of injury due to not being able to conduct manual handling operations in an ergonomic way Rescuers may experience heat stress if wearing fire kit in a confined space for any length of time Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons 9 Irrespirable flamable atmospheres A significant hazard exists where a rescue is necessary from an area which contains an irrespirable flamable atmosphere In addition to the normal considerations involved in the rescue of trapped persons the additional aspect of the necessity to wear breathing apparatus can be an inhibiting factor and result in injuries to personnel Drowning A number of additional hazards exist when an incident occurs involving water There is the possibility that a person or persons can become eith
27. uring knowledge and understanding of equipment and the associated skills that will be required to use it and consider the need for appropriate levels of assessment and provide for continuous professional development to ensure maintenance of skills and to update personnel whenever there are changes to procedure equipment etc also involve personnel involved in other processes that support the emergenoy response such as planners devising procedures and people procuring equipment opecific training requirements for trapped persons will include the standard operating procedure and the equipment to be used 12 Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons Training outcomes should be evaluated to ensure that the training provided is effective current and meets defined operational needs as determined by the Fire and Rescue Service s integrated risk management plan oite specific tactical exercises should be undertaken with other agencies or staff likely to assist at an actual incident Command and control The Incident Commander should follow the principles of the current national incident command system Prior to committing personnel into any hazard area the Incident Commander must take account of the actual information about the incident that is available to make operational decisions in what are recognised as sometimes dangerous fast moving and emotionally charged environments Communication of new or cha
28. within enclosed premises or in the open such as in machinery typically associated with the farming industry e g combine harvesters baling machines etc Minor entrapments This category includes incidents where persons are trapped by means other than machinery It includes incidents in the home where persons are trapped in baths or where limbs or fingers toes are trapped e g in plugholes or taps It will also include incidents outside the home of a minor nature e g people with heads stuck between railings etc Removal of articles This classification includes removal of rings handcuffs etc or other articles temporarily affixed to the body It also includes the removal of other articles on medical advice whether on the incident ground or in hospital operating theatres etc As a sterile environment there will be restrictions on items that can be taken into an operating theatre This will include equipment to release the casualty or even the personal protective equipment worn by fire and rescue service personnel Generic Risk Assessment 2 6 Rescue of trapped persons 5 Significant hazards and risks The hazards present at incidents where persons are trapped will vary and are dependant upon the circumstances of each individual case Hazards may involve one or more of the following Machine hazards Consideration should be given to the hazards created by the presence of different types of machinery Hazards will
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