Kenko KFM-2100 User's Manual
Contents
1. LATITUDE button in Alt mode Bg B oum am 8 45 2 1 45 4 1 45 2 45 M 3 T L3 E T 84 ci ji re 16 16 16 16 q 1 11 8 8 8 8 56 56 56 56 M 150 2s 150 150 5 Iso Ht RE Ht a RE 1 ii 1 1 HPress the LATITUDE Specify the H value for MPress the LATITUDE ElSpecify the S value for button instant film with the button instant film with the up down dial up down dial m Lu EN 8 a 4EV y 4EV 4EV 4EV su c 552 d 5 J sl J T L3 23 ci 2 21 16 6 16 16 11 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 56 55 55 55 m iso Hm n me RE 2 RE RE 1 1 1 1 Q Press the LATITUDE button again to return to Step Hl 38 5 TIME CINE setting Switches between shutter speed and framing rate in AMBI mode Note that it is not possible to switch to another measuring mode CORD or NON CORD while the framing rate setting is active HiTurn the power on while BlTurn the up down dial to pressing the MODE set the shutter speed or button or press the MODE framing rate value you button while in Alt mode desire Select either TIME or CINE mode TIME display CINE display 90 90 64 64 45 45 32 32 22 2 TIME SA H 55 fis 310 is i 28 28 i ALE i Ht Special Functions Reference How to reset to initial settings You can reset various settings changed in custom setting mode to their initial values default factory sett2. 6 6 XX XXX 1 With an over the counter sync cord 88 16 2 Without an over the counter sync cord Incident light measurement 19 Light Ratio Analyze function e 66 21 Special Functions Latitude display function se Combining incident light measurement and spot measurement GO Memory function MOS S A H Shadow Average Highlight calculations G Brightness difference function G Measuring lighting ratio using the Flat Diffuser Q9 Using the KFM 2100 as a simplified illuminance meter Q Using the KFM 2100 as a simplified luminance meter G Custom settings mode Alt mode gt 4 0 Accessories Care and Storage 1 Care 2 Storage Handling Instructions Specifications nnne The following icons are used in this manual to alert you to important information for preventing accidents due to improper handling of the instrument This indicates a danger that improper use of A WARNING the instrument will read to the death or serious injury of the user This indicates a danger that improper use CAUTION of the instrument will lead to the injury to the user or to property damage This denotes actions to be strictly amp PROHIBITION avices Make sure to avoid these actions This denotes actions to be avoided RPOHIBITION Do not attempt to disassemble th
3. Special Functions 3 Display unit Select the desired display unit on the power while pressing the S H A button or press the S H A button in Alt mode BlSelect the desired display unit with the up down dial Q9 Select any of the following display modes 80 FNo amp y EV 45 rr 45 V 45 rr LILIO 2 LS 16 16 16 1 1 1 8 8 8 56 56 56 4 4 4 a a om HE rE rE 1 1 1 FNo OOo FNo O O EV 00 0 Displays intermediate Displays direct Displays an EV value readings between reading of an in 1 10 stop f numbers as FNo intermediate reading increments 1 10 stops between f numbers The pointer of the analog scale displays FNo even when the display unit is set to e When CORD NON CORD mode is selected the display mode is set to FNo OOe e g F4 5 37 Special Functions 4 Latitude Specify an upper limit H and lower limit S for latitude display mode Specify a shift value H for highlight based exposure calculation and a shift value S for shadow based exposure calculation on the power while BSpecify the H value with ElPress the LATITUDE Specify the S value with pressing the LATITUDE the up down dial button the up down dial button or press the
4. An exposure value is displayed regardless of the shutter speed setting The dot indicator of the analog scale indicates the fnumber corresponding to the shutter speed setting Ex The display shows a reading of 11 2 EV If the f number reading exceeds or falls below the instrument s measuring range the display shows E o over range error or under range error 2 With a cine camera Insert a battery p 7 i Set CINE mode p 39 The default setting of TIME CINE mode is TIME In the custom setting Alt mode change TIME to CINE Set ISO speed p 9 Prepare the instrument to start taking readings KO oO 092 CINE mode the measuring mode is fixed to AMBI G Measuring mode cannot be changed KFM 2100 180 LATITUDE MODE CO cin SUAM MEMORY Ko 0 C C Basic Operation gt To be continued on the next page f the opening of your camera s shutter is not 180 the film speed should be adjusted as ollows Shutter opening and film speed adjustment Shutter Film speed opening adjustment 160 1 3 220 1 3 ElSpecify the frame rate of your camera with the up down dial G Eight framing rates can be set 8 12 16 18 24 25 30 32 64 and 128 frames sec The appropriate shutter speed corresp
5. FLASH MET KFM 2 1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5 ISO LATITUDE MODE CLR S AlH MEMORY Instruction Manual FLASH METER KFM 2100 The Kenko Flash Meter KFM 2100 has the following features The integrated exposure meter combines incident light measurement and spot reflected light measurement in a single unit For spot measurement the Flash Meter KFM 2100 uses a parallax free optical system This eliminates the displacement of the measurement area that varies with the distance from the subject With the latitude display function the Flash Meter KFM 2 100 simultaneously display the results of both incident light measurement and spot light measurement It provides a clear and simple graphical decision process for determining the exposure suited to the nature of the photograph With the analyze scale you can determine the proportion of flash light and ambient light in a single flash light measurement The Flash Meter KFM 2100 provides a memory function capable of storing up to 10 measured values an averaging function that calculates an average exposure from stored measurement data and a brightness difference function that displays deviation from the standard exposure For spot measurement both shadow based and highlight based exposure calculation functions are provided Q The Flash Meter KFM 2100 provides a custom setting Alt mode that allows you tocustomize the meter accord
6. ElPress the measuring button to take a reading Q9 When the flash fires the meter akes a single measurement and displays the measured value on the digital display The reading is also displayed on the analog scale The proportion of lash light illuminating the composition is shown on the analyze scale Q Pressing the CLR button clears he measurement data no flash is connected to the sync terminal or if the flash does not fire normally because it is not fully charged the meter cannot take a flash light measurement Before starting measurement make sure that the flash is connected to the sync terminal and the flash has been fully charged Basic Operation gt To be continued on the next page Display example The f number corresponding to the shutter speed set in step is displayed on the digital readout as well as on the analog scale with a pointer The proportion of flash light illuminating the composition is shown on the analyze scale Example The display shows a reading of F8 0 0 9 stops and the proportion of ambient light to flash light is about 1 1 17 Basic Operation 1 With an over the counter sync cord Display example continued from p 17 If the f number reading is outside the instrument s display range FNo blinks and the display shows either over range error U under range error At the same time the o
7. composition under different conditions With a cine camera There are various advanced Spot reflected light readings such as the highlight standard exposure method where an exposure reading is taken of a bright Alt mode 4 Alt mode 4 white part of the composition the shadow standard exposure method where a dark black part of the Select CINE p 39 composition is measured and a method for determining 14 exposure by evaluating the contrast of the subject and then forecasting how it will come out on film To make full Type of light source to measure use of Spot reflected light readings refer to specialist i i books and photo magazines You will find that selective Ambient Flash light metering can give you very precise control over exposure fight mixed light Are you using an over the counter sync cord i With a sync Without a cord n AMBI CORD NON CORD AMBI mode mode mode mode 12 0 13 p 16 p 19 p 15 Measuring ambient light 1 With a still camera Basic Operation gt to be continued the next page Insert a battery p 7 Set ISO speed p 9 Prepare the instrument to start taking readings Ox JJ LA E Xe uus 1 gt g gj c 2 2 CLR MENORY 2 C27 S ve Ec
8. E o over range error or under range error Basic Operation Light Ratio Analyze function For flash light measurement this instrument uses a method of measuring flash light ambient light separately The proportion of ambient light and flash light to the total exposure is indicated on the quadrant analyze scale How to read the flash ambient light ratio 4 0 1696 Whenever you take a flash light reading the analyze scale displayed the LCD data BE 17 4196 panel After a reading you can also do a simulation on the instrument to see how 42 5896 changes to the shutter speed affect the proportions of ambient light and flash light B5 59 83 The analyze scale shows the proportion of flash light in the total exposure reading as Pe 84 10096 one of five levels Example of reading display and simulation Assume that a tungsten lamp is used as the ambient light source G Reading of F2 80 at a shutter speed of 1 60 sec Two quadrants lit up the display indicating n that the proportion of flash light is approx 50 s p Gmbintflash ratio 1 1 2 TIME n Ss Er Iso BS 2 ina 14 1 Non CORD photograph taken under these conditions will not be strongly uenced by either the tungsten light orange or the flash light white Using the up down dial to change the shutter speed to 1 15 we can see how this change will a
9. ay may become very difficult to read and the a panel will turn black f the instrument is a heater the temperature of the meter may get much hotter than the surroundings So avoid this situation eft under direct sunlight in the summer or near This instrument contains a microprocessor If it is affected by electromagnetic interference or other influences it may fail to function properly If this happens remove the battery and replace it In such a case remove and reinstall the battery Turn on the power again and reset the meter to the default settings by holding down the POWER button while pressing the CLR button the following error code appears the calibration data have been damaged and the meter must be repaired After Service Parts for repair of this product shall be available for at least seven years from the time of purchase 41 Specifications Type Hand held exposure meter for measuring ambient and flash light Reception method Incident light and spot reflected light readings Receptors Incident light readings Spherical Diffuser Swivels 270 Spot reflected light angle 1 Receptor element Silicon photocell Measuring modes AMBI mode Ambient light CORD mode Flash light using a sync cord NON CORD mode Flash light without a sync cord or incident light reading only Measuring range ISO
10. 6 9200 9800 11000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 7 18000 20000 21000 23000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 8 37000 39000 42000 45000 48000 52000 56000 60000 64000 68000 9 73000 79000 84000 90000 97000 100000 110000 120000 130000 1490000 20 150000 160000 170000 180000 190000 210000 220000 240000 260000 270000 21 290000 31000 340000 360000 390000 420000 450000 480000 510000 550000 22 590000 630000 670000 720000 770000 830000 How to read the EV cd m conversion table The EV cd me conversion table lists the integer component of EV values vertically and the decimal fraction components of EV values horizontally For example if the meter displays a reading of EV 10 2 the row or the integer 10 and the column for the decimal O 2 intersect at 160 cd me the corresponding approximate luminance value 35 Special Functions Custom settings mode Alt mode The operation settings of the instrumentl such as exposure correction value and shutter speed increment settings can be customized to suit your preferences 1 Exposure correction value This sets the exposure correction value The set value is displayed when you turn the power on You can adjust this setting to recalibrate the meter to your choice Selecting Alt mode To set the meter to Alt mode turn on the power by pressing the POWER button while holding down either the
11. 100 Ambient light Incident light readings EV 2 0 to 19 9 Spot reflected light Ev2 0 to 24 5 Flash light Incident light readings FNO 1 0 to 128 0 9 stop Spot reflected light FNO 2 8 to 128 0 9 stop Measuring distance 1 3 m to infinity for spot measurement Viewfinder Single lens reflect type with fixed focal point Magnification 1 2x Viewing angle 12 vertical X 17 horizontal Dioptric adjustment range 3 0 to 1 0 Repeatability 0 1 EV Calibration coefficient Incident light readings C 330 Spherical Diffuser C 250 Flat Diffuser Spot reflected light K 14 Specifications and external appearances described herein are subject to change without notice 42 Display range Exposure F1 0 to 128 0 9 stop 0 1 stop increments EV 17 to 40 9 0 1 stop increments Shutter speed ambient 30 min to 1 16000 sec 1 2 1 8 stop increments Shutter speed flash 30 min to 1 1000 sec 1 2 1 8 stop increments Frame rate Opening angle of 1807 8 12 16 18 24 25 30 32 64 128 SO 3 to 8000 1 3 increments Exposure difference 10 to 10 0 1 stop increments Analog scale FNO 1 0 to 90 1 2 stop increments Analyze scale Flash light proportion O to 10096 2596 increments Other functions Latitude display function Light Ratio Analyze function Memory function 10 measured values S A H calculation Brightness difference function Exp
12. If you turn the power on when there is not enough battery power to take measurements or if the battery runs low during measurement a blinking b o will display for approx 1 min and then the display will switch off If this happens replace the battery with a new one mc m When disposing of used batteries observe local waste disposal regulations The Flash Meter 2100 can be operated continuously or about 30 hours with a fresh kaline dry cell he Flash Meter KFM 2 100 has a power saving function hat automatically turns off the power after about 1O minutes of inactivity To restart measuring operation after the display has been urned off press the POWER button Pressing the POWER button restores the meter to he condition it was in before he power was turned off The settings for ISO speed shutter speed measuring mode and display unit as well as the existing measurement data and memory data are all retained in memory odo Setting ISO speed Specify a film speed with the Up down dial while holding down the ISO button lt 0 0 6 092 89 ISO LATITUDE MODE E CLR MEMORY V9 Q Turning the control upward increases the film speed in increments of 1 3 stop The maximum film speed is ISO 8000 Q Turning the control downward owers the film speed in decrements of 1 3 stop The minimum f
13. Incident light y Light D Light Ib Z y source source a wae Camera Reflected light Before selecting the most suitable measuring method you need to fully understand the different sources of light you are working with as well asthe influence of the positions and direction of receptors during measurement Incident light readings In general photography light from the illuminating light source reflects off the subject and passes through the lens to form an image on the film and image sensor surface and to expose the film or image sensor To accurately calculate exposure in incident light readings you need to know how much of the illuminating light is actually reflected from the object to the camera To do this you need to know how light or how dark the subject is i e the reflectance of the subject Since a typical value of reflectance for many scenes is 1896 this value is used to calculate the light intensity reflected from the subject towards the camera The exposure reading f number and shutter speed are then calculated to reproduce the metered area as a midtone with 18 reflectance Thus incident light readings are based on this standard value of 18 reflectance This means that areas of subjects having a reflectance higher than 18 will turn out brighter e g white while areas of reflectance lower than 18 will turn out darker e g black This will produce a clear contrast in the picture of the subject F
14. approximate luminance press the spot measuring button in AMBI mode to take a measurement of the desired area of the subject Read the resulting EV value in the EV cd m conversion table ISO speed is set to ISO 100 p 9 and display units are set to EV p 36 the instrument has been recalibrated set it back to the standard setting of O using Alt mode EV Ix conversion table with Flat Di ffuser attached Decimal 90 4 2 3 A B 6 7 8 9 Integeral 2 063 1 13 12 1 10 09 09 08 08 07 07 0 25 23 22 20 19 18 17 15 14 13 0 25 21 29 31 33 35 38 41 44 41 1 50 54 57 62 66 71 75 81 87 93 2 10 12 12 13 14 15 16 7 19 3 20 21 23 25 26 28 30 33 35 37 4 40 43 46 49 53 57 61 65 70 75 5 80 86 92 99 10 110 120 130 140 150 6 160 170 180 200 210 230 240 260 280 300 7 320 340 370 390 420 450 490 50 50 600 8 640 690 740 790 840 910 90 1000 1100 1200 9 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2100 2200 2400 0 2600 2700 2900 3200 3400 3600 3900 4200 4500 4800 1 5100 5500 5900 6300 6800 7200 7800 8300 8900 10000 2 1000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 21000 22000 24000 25000 27000 29000 31000 33000 36000 38000 4 41000 44000 47000 50000 54000 58000 62000 67000 71000 76000 5 82000 88000 94000 100000 110000 120000 12000
15. cs 88 8 ISO LATITUDE MODE a5 1S0 LATITUDE MODE 58 aa O o Press the MODE button to switch the mode display to AMBI Changing the measuring mode retains the memory data but clears previous measurement data ElSpecify the desired shutter speed with the up down dial Q Shutter speed can be set within the range of 30 min to 1 16000 sec Turning the up down dial upward increases the shutter speed Turning it downward lowers the shutter speed The shutter speed can also be changed after meter readings Press the measuring button to take readings meter takes measurements continuously as you hold down the incident light measuring button The igital display on the data panel isplays the measurement data At the ame time the measurement data are so displayed on the dot indicator of he analog scale L hen the measuring button is released the meter stops taking measurements and displays only the latest measurement result Q The meter takes measurements continuously as you hold down the spot measuring button The digital display in the viewfinder displays the measurement data At the same time the measurement data are also displayed on the dot indicator of the analog scale R When the measuring button is released the meter stops taking measurements The latest measurement result appears on the digital display of the external data pa
16. in the viewfinder display with a precision of O 1 EV See p 29 If the measurement result is outside the latitude range the AEV indicator blinks Special Functions e graphicaldecision process for determining an exposure suited to the nature of the photograph BBy comparing the spot measurement result displayed on the analog scale R with the latitude displayed on the analog scale L you can ensure that the exposure of the spot you are emphasizing is within the latitude range If the measurement result is outside the latitude range adjust the lighting conditions and take another spot measurement 23 Special Functions Memory function To store measurement data in memory of the instrument simply press the MEMORY button Up to ten pieces of data including incident light measurement data and spot measurement data can be stored To display the incident light measurement data stored in memory on the pointer of the analog scale L simply press the incident light measuring button To display the spot measurement data stored in memory on the pointer of the analog scale R simply press the spot measuring button With the memory function you can check the lighting ratio graphical LATITUDE MODE Sy ISO LATITUDE MODE C B CLR MEMORY lllPress the CLR button to clear existing memory data 24 BIAfter taking the first measurem
17. still camera Refer to page 14 16 Measuring flash light 1 With an over the counter sync cord Insert a battery p 7 Set ISO speed p 9 Prepare the instrument to start taking readings 180 LATITUDE MODE E S H MEMORY KO o CQ 002 Press the MODE button to switch the mode display to CORD G Changing the measuring mode retains the memory data but clears previous measurement data G Settings for shutter speed and display units are automatically adjusted as follows 1 1250 to 1 16000 sec adjusted to 1 1000 sec EV adjusted to FNo 1 With a sync cord ISO LATITUDE MODE lt Gan MEMORY KO o d C EE Kenk 90 ke 200 150 LATITUDE MODE CO COY CLR S AH MEMORY Woary ElAttach the flash sync cord to the instrument s sync terminal Take care when connecting the flash to the instrument with an over the counter sync cord as the flash may fire Specify the desired shutter speed with the up down dial Shutter speeds be set within the range of 30 min To 1 1000 sec The speed can be set within the flash sync speed range of your camera Qe Turning the up down dial upward increases the shutter speed Turning it downward lowers the shutter speed The shutter speed can also be changed after meter readings
18. stops Step brighter than the fixed aperture value In AMBI mode measurements are made continuously while the measuring button is pressed The reading on the digital readout changes accordingly When the measuring button is released K 8 FNo r Measured value for the point 45 being monitored 4112 5 XL Measurement taken when the value 18 measuring button is released 8 E E56 LILI 4 150 Measurement ae we 27 issn i AMBI The display returns to the fixed measured in exposure calculation display Step mode 31 m Special Functions Measuring lighting ratio using the Flat Diffuser The lighting ratio is the brightness ratio between the highlight and shadow areas of a composition For example if the difference in measurement values exposure difference obtained by an incident light measurement is one stop the lighting ratio is 2 1 if it s two stops the ratio is 4 1 In general lighting ratios from 4 1 to 8 1 exposure difference of 2 to 3 stops are considered best when using color films Since these ratios allow colors to be reproduced naturally By adjusting the lighting ratio you can control the subject s highlight to shadow relationship or the relationship between the main subject and the background when photographing people or objects in a studio To check lighting characteristics such as the brightness difference between a main subject an
19. the standard exposure and the latitude range based on the standard exposure By comparing the readings on the analog scales you can check graphically whether the exposures of highlights and shadowed areas determined by spot measurement are within the latitude range The meter s initial latitude setting is 2 3 EV to 2 7 EV relative to the standard exposure These settings can be changed in custom settings mode For details of custom settings mode see p 36 The LATITUDE display function is related to the S A H shadow average highlight exposure calculation function p 25 and the brightness difference function p 29 The following provide a thorough description of these functions 22 a measurement Press the LATITUDE button AMBI ehe indicator appears and the measured value is fixed The latitude based on this measured value is displayed on the dot indicator of the analog scale L Q Pressing the LATITUDE button while holding down the S A H button causes the latitude to be based on the standard exposure calculated from memory data according to S A or H mode instead of the current measurement result BlPress the measuring button to take a measurement of the desired measuring area Qe While the measuring button is held down the meter continuously takes measurements and displays he exposure difference between the measured valu
20. 0 130000 140000 150000 6 160000 180000 190000 200000 220000 230000 250000 270000 290000 310000 7 300 350000 380000 400000 430000 460000 500000 530000 570000 610000 660000 700000 750000 810000 860000 930000 990000 1100000 1100000 1200000 How to read the EV Ix conversion table The EV Ix conversion table lists the integer component of EV values vertically and the decimal fraction components of EV values horizontally For example if the meter displays a reading of EV 10 2 the row for the integer 10 and the column for the decimal O 2 intersect at 2900 Ix the corresponding approximate illuminance value Special Functions EV cd m2 conversion table Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Integeral 1 028 03 0 04 037 590 04 045 04 05 2 056 56 0648 09 074 079 0851 09 098 10 3 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 4 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 39 42 5 45 48 51 55 59 63 68 73 78 84 6 90 96 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 7 18 19 2 2 24 25 2 29 31 33 8 36 38 4 47 51 5 58 82 67 9 72 82 88 95 100 10 170 120 130 0 140 150 160 180 190 200 220 230 250 20 1 290 310 330 350 380 40 40 40 500 540 2 570 610 60 760 810 870 930 1000 1100 3 100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1900 2000 2100 4 2300 2500 2600 2800 3000 3200 3500 3700 4000 4300 b 4600 4900 5300 5600 6100 6500 7000 7500 8000 8600
21. 4411 A gt 7 Digital readout n R a x peu C TIME CINEmsf s 8 Shutter speed framingrate display LILI GG LG ET 9 Analyze scale 1 light measuring indicator I 11 Film speed display gt A a e I 12 Measuring mode display POs For the purpose of explanation the diagram above shows all indicators that light up on the LCD 6 7 Digital readout When the measurement data display unit is set to FNo or FNo direct reading the f number FNo is displayed When the display unit is setto EV the exposure value EV is displayed in O 1 stop increments For flash light measurement only the FNo display mode is available Holding down the incident light measuring button or spot measuring button which activates the brightness difference function in latitude display mode causes AEV deviation from the standard exposure to be displayed When the measuring button is released the standard exposure is displayed 8 Shutter speed framing rate display Displays the shutter speed or frame rate specified with the Up down dial When shutter speed is between O 6 to 50 sec s is displayed between 1 min and 30 min m is displayed Setting range Shutter speed 30 min to 1 16000 sec 1 1 2 1 3 stops Framing rate 8 12 16 18 24 25 30 32 64 12
22. 8 f s 9 Analyze scale Displays the proportion of flash light in the total exposure value obtained from flash light measurement For more information on the Light Ratio Analyze function see p 21 10 Flash light measuring indicator This indicator appears together with the analyze scale in CORD and NON CORD mode 11 180 speed display Displays the ISO speed setting Holding down the instant ISO button displays the gJindicator Setting range ISO 3 to ISO 8000 12 Measuring mode display Displays one of the three measurement modes AMBI CORD or NON CORD according to the setting of the MODE button Repeatedly pressing the MODE button cycles the measurement modes in the following sequence AMBI CORD gt NON CORD gt AMBI gt Viewfinder display 15 Measuring index circle 14 Viewfinder FNo EV display 13 Viewfinder indicator For the purpose of explanation the diagram above shows all indicators that light up on the LCD 13 Viewfinder indicator Same as the indicator on the external data panel 14 Viewfinder FNo EV display Displays an f number FNo or exposure value EV during spot measurement 15 Measuring index circle The circle s internal area indicates the measuring area for spotmeasurement Preparations Battery Do not throw the instrument into fire Do not recharge AN short circuit heat or disassemble the instrument WARNING Otherwise there is a risk of causing fire
23. Canadian 5 003 Names of Parts and Displays Incident light receptor adjustment dial Spot measurement POWER button viewfinder a 5 EN Spot measuring r Ed Incident light button measuring button Up down dial ISO LATITUDE MODE ISO button 0 CLR S A H MEMORY SEV LATITUDE button MODE button MEMORY button S A H button Sync terminal Strap eyelet CLR Clear button Instant film ISO button Battery chamber cover Data panel displays 1 Analog scale status indicator 4 Measurement data status indicator 101 15 TIME CINEmsf s eiii i 5 S A H indicator 6 indicator Pointers 3 Analog scale R 2 Analog scale L For the purpose of explanation the diagram above shows al indicators that light up on the LCD Names of Parts and Displays T Analog scale status indicator The left L and right R analog scales are used for incident light measurement and spot measurement respectively 2 Analog scale L The display of the pointers corresponds to measurement data and memory data for incident light measurement It also corresponds to the standard exposure or latitude for incident light measurement or spot measurement The small digit to the right of the two digit 22 reading f numbe
24. Hu Spot measurement the memory data ne imene on spot measurement are displayed on t gain the pointer of the analog scale R Example When the latest measurement is a spot measurement Data on up to ten measurements can be stored in memory t The pointer of the analog scale can simultaneously display data on up to eleven measurements including ten measurements in memory and the one measurement taken most recently the memory contains data on ten measurements pressing the MEMORY button again causes the Err code to be displayed while he MEMORY button is being pressed The current data will not be stored in memory you change film speed or shutter speed after pressing the MEMORY button the stored values are changed accordance to the new setting These changes are also reflected on the analog scale there is no reading on the digital readout or if the current reading is out of the meters measurement range pressing the MEMORY button does not have any effect To delete all values from memory press the CLR button Special Functions S A H Shadow Average Highlight calculations The Flash Meter KFM 2 100 provides three types of exposure calculations highlight based exposure shadow based exposure and average exposure suited to the nature of the photographic image These are based on spot measurements of specific areas of the subject The average exposure calculating fun
25. cing the main light source Press the MEMORY button to store the measurement value OO LI R Go Press the incident light measuring button while holding the meter near the subject with the Flat Diffuser facing the fill light source Block out all light from the main light source with your hands or other means so that it does not directly fall on the Flat Diffuser or if possible turn off the main light source Special Functions two pointers on the analog scale L indicate the brightness of the main light source and the brightness of the fill light source Read the difference exposure of the two values The reading accuracy of the analog scale L is O 5 stops 33 Special Functions Using the brightness difference function of the instrument the lighting ratio can be read with an accuracy of 0 1 stops Alternatively instead of storing the readings in memory as explained in step page 33 the following method can be used fiPress the LATITUDE button is displayed on the data panel and the exposure reading for the main light source is fixed a reading with the Flat Diffuser facing towards the fill light source While holding down the incident light measuring button the difference or lighting ratio between the fill light source exposure and main light source exposur
26. ct the spot measurement method with a light receiving angle of 1 degree To take a spot measurement position the meter near the camera Measuring index circle into the viewfinder at the front of the instrument data panel side locate the measuring index circle at the center of the viewfinder within the desired measuring point of the subject and press the spot measuring button FN The allowable measuring distance from the subject is 1 3 m to infinity To stabilize your shooting posture and avoid shaking the meter turn the receptor head toward the subject and hold the meter by placing your hand over it as shown above Dioptric adjustment While looking into the viewfinder for a spot measurement adjust the dioptric by turning the dioptric adjustment dial until the measuring index circle can be clearly seen Difference between incident light and Spot reflected light readings Exposure can be measured in two basic ways One way is to measure the light incident on the subject i e the brightness of light illuminating the subject illuminance see Fig 1 the other is to measure the light Spot reflected by the subject i e the intensity of the light reflected from the subject in the direction of the camera luminance see Fig 2 Fig 1 Incident light method Fig 2 Spot Reflected light method
27. ction also works for incident light measurement For incident light measurement exposure calculation is based on incident light measurement memory data For spot measurement it is based on spot measurement memory data 25 E Special Functions Average exposure For spot measurement the meter calculates the average of the maximum and minimum measurements stored in memory For incident light measurement the meter calculates an average exposure from up to ten measurements stored in memory measurements of up to ten points on the subject including highlight and shadow areas and store the measurement data in memory 26 BSet the calculation mode to A with the up down dial while pressing the S A H button When the incident light measurement is selected the calculation mode is automatically set to A It cannot be set to S or H A measured value cannot be used for the average exposure calculation unless it has been stored in memory Hold down the S A H button to display the average of the memory data on the digital display and on the pointer of the analog scale L Display example While the S A H button is held down SIE Aperture for averaged 6 7 TIME exposure 3 Number of values 2 5 memory 4 28 Iso ne there is no value in memory and the current measur
28. d background a Spherical Diffuser can be used in most cases However if a subject is receiving light from different directions it is necessary to measure the brightness of the individual light sources illuminating it using a Flat Diffuser optional accessory incident light measurement see page 1 1 This allows control over the shadow areas of the main subject By replacing a Spherical Diffuser with a Flat Diffuser the brightness of light sources illuminating a subject can be measured individually and the lighting ratio can be checked easily In addition you can use the meter s memory function and brightness difference function to read these values easily 32 H Attach a Flat Diffuser to the receptor of the instrument See page 10 for details on how to attach a Flat Diffuser Insert a battery p 7 Set ISO speed 9 Prepare the meter for taking a reading B CLR S A H MEMORY lt 0 6 CES El Set the measuring mode with the MODE button according to the light source to be measured ISO LATITUDE MODE Co Specify the desired shutter speed with the up down dial SO LATITUDE MODE CO 7 SO_ LATTUDE MODE CO CO CLR MEMORY El Press the incident light measuring button while holding the meter near the subject with the Flat Diffuser fa
29. ding to the measurement result When the measuring button is released K m FNo 45 nr 5 z LIIS t 5 TIME Fixed _ n measurement 56 Li result 4 28 S0 2 mn 14 1 r Measured value for the point monitored Measurement taken when the measuring button is released The display returns to the fixed measurement result display mode Special Functions Monitoring exposure difference after shadow based exposure calculation Take a spot measurement of the shadow area of the subject BlWhile holding down the S A H button set the calculation mode to S with the up down dial ElPress the LATITUDE button while holding down the S A H button 44 4 FNo The indicator appears and the calculated standard exposure is fixed In this case 2 the standard exposure is fixed to 4 0 0 7 stops nwe 8 The difference from highlightbased exposure and 56 ou average exposure for spot measurement and from 16 Iso average based exposure for incident light 247 100 measurement be displayed the same manner 1 GPress the measuring button take a reading of the area whose brightness you want to compare with the fixed value The measurement result will not appear on the viewfinder display if the incident light measuring button is pressed The measurement result will appear on the viewfinder di
30. e product To ensure proper use of the instrument take special care to observe the following handling instructions when using this instrument Read this instruction manual carefully and keep it securely in a place where you can refer to it readily WARNING Do not use the instrument in a place where inflammable or combustible vapors e g gasoline are present Otherwise there is a risk of causing a fire Do not throw batteries into fire Do not recharge nonrechargeable batteries short circuit heat or disassemble batteries Otherwise there is a risk of causing fire or injury due to an explosion or fluid leakage Never attempt to disassemble modify the instrument yourself Otherwise there is a risk of causing fire or electric shock Never attempt to look directly at the sun through the viewfinder of the instrument Doing so will damage your eyesight The instrument should not be operated if it is damaged or smoke or odd smells occur Doing so may result in a fire In such situations turn off the power immediately disconnect the AC adapter and contact the nearest authorized service facility for repair CAUTION Do not use any batteries other than those designated for use with the instrument When fitting batteries make sure to align them according to the polarity shown on the instrument plus and minus Otherwise there is a risk that the batteries may leak or become damaged leading to fir
31. e and the standard exposure described in Step When the measuring button is released he standard exposure is displayed See the description of the Brightness difference unction on p 29 Q Pressing the LATITUDE button again cancels the latitude display mode and causes the atest measurement data to be displayed QG Pressing the CLR button cancels latitude display mode and clears the measurement data and standard exposure Combining incident light measurement and spot measurement The instrument offers a comparative display of the results of incident light measurement and spot reflected light measurement Used with the latitude display function the meter provides a clear and simp an incident light measurement to determine the standard exposure BlPress the LATITUDE button to select latitude display mode A latitude based on the standard exposure measured in Step 1 is displayed on the dot indicator of the analog scale L HiTake a spot measurement of the area of the subject to be emphasized such as the highlight or shadow areas and store the measured values in memory P The result of the spot measurement is displayed on the pointer of the analog scale R If the measurement result is outside the latitude range the dot indicator blinks Qe While holding down the spot measuring button you can monitor the deviation from the standard exposure
32. e injury or pollution of the surrounding environment Do not walk around while looking into the viewfinder Doing so may result in a fall or other accident OP ooe Keep the instrument out of reach of children Fall of the instrument may cause injury and twining of the strap around the neck can cause suffocation STATEMENT OF FCC COMPLIANCE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver G Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected G Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help This Class B digital apparatus complies with
33. e which was fixed in step El is displayed directly on the digital readout Read the value The lighting ratio of main light source to fill light source can be calculated from the following table Table for determining lighting ratio Brightness differences Brightness ratio between main light exposure differences source and fill light source lighting ratio 1 0 1 stop 2 1 2 0 2 stops 4 1 3 0 3 stops 8 1 4 0 4 stops 16 1 5 0 5 stops 32 1 6 0 6 stops 64 1 7 0 7 stops 128 1 The formula for calculating the lighting ratio is Difference Main light Fill light 2 Difference can be either brightness difference in EV or difference in stops between apertures 34 Using the KFM 2 100 a simplified illuminance meter Attach the Flat Diffuser optional accessory to the meter In AMBI mode hold the Flat Diffuser parallel to the surface you want to measure Then press the incident light measuring button and read the EV value from the meter Now look up the approximate illuminance from the EV Ix conversion table on the next page ISO speed is set 150100 9 and display units are set to EV p 36 the instrument has been recalibrated set it back to the standard setting of O using Alt mode Using the KFM 2 100 as a simplified luminance meter The Flash Meter VI can also function as a simplified luminance meter To determine
34. e readings Spot reflected light exposure readings directly measure he amount of light luminance reflected from the subject Select a measuring method o the camera Unlike the case of incident light readings his method does not rely on the assumption of a standard Flash light refers to artificial momentary lighting from light sources subject reflectance of 1896 Based on the measured suchas electronic flashes strobe flashes and speed lights amount of light falling on the subject the meter calculates G Ambient light refers to continuous lighting from sources such as he appropriate exposure value for reproducing the subject on film at a suitable medium density midtone This means hat in Spot reflected light readings all subjects naturallight sunlight and electric lights including fluorescent lights Qn either case both incident light exposure readings and spot light regardless of their reflectance i e regardless of whether exposure readings can be made hey are bright or dark white or black will be reproduced at G When measuring flash light in the CORD mode use a commercially he same tonal density midtone For this reason when available sync cord making Spot reflected light exposure readings it is important to decide which area of the subject to measure Are you using a still camera since the reflectance will generally vary quite widely over the Are you using a cine camera
35. eed range of your camera Q Turning the up down dial upward increases the shutter Speed Turning it downward lowers the shutter speed The shutter speed can also be changed after meter readings Press the incident light measuring button The NON CORD mode symbol blinks to indicate that the meter is waiting for the flash to take a reading in NON CORD mode the meter cannot take a spot measurement Pressing the spot measuring button displays the error code Err Pressing the incident light measuring button cancels the error code and sets the meter to standby state The error code is canceled after about five seconds or as soon as another button is pressed Tv rr NON CORD 19 a Basic Operation 2 2 Without an over the counter sync cord Incident light measurement BlFire the flash to take a reading meter detects the light of the flash and reads and displays the exposure on the digital readout The measured value is also displayed on the dot indicator of the analog scale and the proportion of flash light is indicated on the analyze scale Q Pressing the CLR button clears the measured value take further readings repeat the process from step Il Qf the flash does not fire within approx one minute after the meter goes into flash waiting mode or if you press any button other than the measuring button during this time the NON CORD mode symbol will stop blinki
36. ement value is displayed on the digital readout the measurement value is stored in memory and used in average exposure calculations there is no value in memory and no reading on the digital readout no exposure value is calculated Special Functions Shadow calculations for spot readings only When you want to reproduce some detail in the darkest areas of a composition shadow areas on the picture without blocking them out take a spot reading of the shadow area and use the meter s shadow exposure calculation function to determine the appropriate exposure for the shot e4 FN m A 9 OR B i ea 18 ISO LATITUDE MODE C2 CO SAM MEMORY SS a Li 28 50 LI 55 4 AMBI a reading of the BlWhile holding down the shadow area of the S A H button set the subject calculation mode to S with the up down dial Hold down the S A H button to view the result of the shadow based exposure calculation on the digital display and on the dot indicator of the analog scale L there are any measurement values already stored in memory the meter will determine the exposure for the darkest area measured and stored in memory The meter can only make shadow exposure calculations with measurements stored in memory If there are no measurements stored in memory the meter determines the appropriate expo
37. ent press the MEMORY button Q Press and hold the MEMORY button to display the number of measurement results stored in memory When the MEMORY button is released the measured value is stored in memory and the pointer corresponding to the measured value light up y on the analog scale This function is useful for lighting adjustments See p 36 180 LATITUDE MODE CLR MEMORY ElAfter taking the second measurement press the MEMORY button to store the second measurement result in memory Repeat the above steps as many times as required Q Press and hold the MEMORY button to display the number of measurement results stored in memory The measured value is displayed on the 4 digital display If the latest measurement PER is an incident light measurement the 45 cr pointers corresponding to the measured 2 an value on the digital display appear on the Ly analog scale L If it is a spot 8 5 n measurement the pointers corresponding to the measured value bd IH on the digital display appear on the u eee analog scale R memory data from the lates m measuring method are displayed on the pointer If the latest measurement is 8 mnn incident light measurement the nu memory data on incident light measurement are displayed on the 5 n pointer of the analog scale L If it is a rae
38. et extremely hot resulting in damage 3 Remove the battery whenever the meter is left unused for more than 2 weeks to avoid the risk of damage of the instrument due to battery leakage Handling Instructions 1 If the meter is used in the rain at the seashore or near a volcano it 2 Do no may become rusty or corroded due to water or corrosive gas In such situations be careful to protect the meter as much as possible subject the instrument to shock or vibration For protection store the meter in its case when carrying it 3 Be careful not to damage or soil the Spherical Diffuser otherwise eter will not take accurate measurements press on or damage the data panel using the instrument under the following temperature ions since it is composed of precision electronic parts such rument in areas subject to temperatures he mi 4 Do no 5 Avoid condi as 515 and LCD elements A Do not use the ins higher than 50 C B Wh en the tempera At temperatures be disp in such environmen C Wh 122 F the disp da 122 F or lower than 10 C 14 F ure of the instrument falls below 10 C F the display response becomes very slow and the display y become very difficult to read ween O 32 and 10 C 14 F the ay response is relatively slow but there is no risk to the meter S en the temperature of the instrument rises above 50 C
39. ffect the mix of ambient and flash light 4 28 50 5 2 inn 1 NON CORD The aperture has changed to 4 now only one quadrant is lit up This indicates that the proportion of flash light is now only 25 ambient flash ratio 3 1 A photograph taken under these conditions will be influenced more strongly by the tungsten light orange and less strongly by the flash light white On the other hand increasing the shutter speed within the range of sync will have the opposite effect photos will be more strongly influenced by flas a NON CORD This simulation is shutter speed Th be adjusted by ch h light white than ambient light based on controlling the ambient light by varying the e proportions of ambient light and flash light can also anging the intensity of the flash light The intensity of flash light can be controlled either by varying the distance between the subject and the flash or by changing the power light output of the flash When you are controlling flash light intensity you must take a new reading each time one of these two factors is changed 2l Special Functions Here we explain how to use the special functions of the instrument Latitude display function Generally the film latitude range dynamic range that ensures linearity of exposure and density is about 5 to 6 EV The analog scale L of the Flash Meter KFM 2 100 can display
40. ilm speed is ISO 3 Be sure to set ISO speed to the correct setting since all measurement results are based on the set value you change the ISO speed after you take a measurement he reading will be recalculated and displayed accordingly Preparations m Instant film speed for test shooting can be set In film shooting if the film speed setting used for the final shooting is different from the instant film speed setting used for test shooting the instant film speed can be registered in the instrument in advance Once an instant film speed is registered for test shooting the meter converts the measurement result into a value based on this setting when the 2 instant film ISO button is pressed after measurement Specify an instant film speed with the up down dial while holding down the 2 instant film ISO button Turning the control upward increases the film speed in increments of 1 3 stop The maximum film speed is ISO 8000 Qe Turning the control downward lowers the film speed in decrements of 1 3 stop The minimum film speed is ISO 3 y Qf you change the instant film speed after you take a measurement the reading will be recalculated and displayed 180 LATITUDE MODE C2 C5 CJ accordingly CLR MEMORY Preparations Selecting a measuring method suitable for the light receiving method Select a measuring method either incident light measurement or sp
41. incident light measuring button spot measuring button ISO button S A H button LATITUDE button or MODE button In Alt mode you can change the settings with the incident light measuring button spot measuring button or the ISO S A H LATITUDE and MODE buttons Use the up down dial to change the preset values To register the custom settings turn off the power after entering or selecting the desired values i j Default Setting Operation Setting range setting Exposure correction Incident light value for incident measuring button 10 0 to 10 0 0 light measurement Power ON Exposure correction Spot measuring value for spot button 10 0 to 10 0 0 measurement Power ON Shutter speed ISO button 1 1 2 1 3 1 increments Power ON FNo fraction i S A H button FNo Display unit Power ON ERO direct reading fraction H 0 1 to 10 0 2 3 Latitude LATITUDE button S 0 1 to 10 0 27 Power ON H 0 1 to 10 0 2 3 0 1 to 10 0 2 7 TIME CINE MODE button TIME CINE TIME Power ON of exposure values specify an exposure correction value for incident light measurement turn on the power while pressing the incident light measuring button To specify an exposure correction value for spot measurement turn on the power while pressing the spot measuring button You can also specify a correction value for each measurement mode by pressing the c
42. ing to your preference This feature includes an exposure correction value setting function and a shutter speed increment setting function Measurement results are shown on both the analog and digital displays on the meter s data panel The clear and legible display eliminates reading errors The results of spot measurements are shown on the digital display in the viewfinder and on the external data panel The viewfinder features a dioptric adjustment mechanism Qn addition to displaying a conventional 10 level intermediate f number display the Flash Meter KFM 2 100 provides an f number direct reading display This enables the measured value to be applied to any camera with an fnumber direct reading display eliminating the need for f number conversion Kenko CO LTD Tokyo Japan 2 Names of Parts and Displays Data panel displays Viewfinder display Preparations Battery 1 Preparing 2 Inserting 3 Checking Setting film speed Setting instant film speed for test shooting G Selecting a measuring method suitable for the light receiving method T Incident light measurement 2 Spot measurement Difference between incidentJight and Spot reflected light readings 11 Basic 5 5 55555555555 1 1666666 6 Select measuring method Measuring ambient light 1 With a still camera 2 With a cine camera G Measuring flash light
43. ings the power on Bold down the POWER button for approx 2 sec while pressing the CLR button The power turns off and the default settings are restored The shutter speed is set to 1 60 sec Both the film speed and instant film speed are set to ISO 100 The measurement data and memory data are cleared 39 Accessories Flat Diffuser With this diffuser attached the KFM 2100 can be used to measure lighting contrast ratio of brightness and exposure for flat subjects 40 Care and Storage 1 Care 1 If the meter gets dirty it can be wiped with a soft dry cloth Do not use solvents such as thinners or benzene at all 2 If the Spherical Diffuser becomes stained remove it from the meter wash the diffuser carefully in water with amild detergent and rinse and dry the diffuser thoroughly before reattaching it to the meter 3 Never attempt to disassemble the meter if it becomes damaged or faulty Please contact the nearest authorized service facility for repair 2 Storage 1 The instrument should not be stored in areas where it may be subject to temperatures higher than 55 C 131 F or lower than 80 C 4 orin areas subject to high humidity It is recommended that the instrument be stored in an airtight container together with a drying agent such as silica gel 2 Do not leave the instrument in places such as the rear window or trunk of a car otherwise it will g
44. inuous readings h As each reading is taken the exposure difference between the current measurement value and the fixed A 50 measurement value of step displayed When you release the measuring button the fixed reference value mrru 5 my ex m 100 of step shown 1 AMB In CORD mode Q Each time you press the incident light measuring button or the spot measuring button the flash is fired and a turns on to indicate the single exposure reading is taken measurement value is fixed In While the measuring button is pressed the exposure difference between the current measurement value and this case the fixed the fixed measurement value of step is displayed When you release the measuring button the fixed measurement value is measurement value of step lil is displayed again The data panel display is the same in AMBI mode F8 0 0 9 stops you press the LATITUDE button the display reverts to normal display mode The value measured in step is stored in memory Q Pressing the CLR button cancels latitude display mode and clears the measurement data and standard exposure 29 Special Functions If the incident light measuring button is used to take the measurement described in Step to monitor the exposure difference Fixed measurement result Fixed measurement result 30 Measured value for the point monitored When AMBI mode is selected the meter continuously takes meas
45. nary measurement It allows you to quickly check the brightness differences between one part of a composition and another e g front and background or to measure the unevenness of illumination over a scene by directly showing exposure differences between the current reading and a reference exposure value previous measurement value or aperture value fixed using the LATITUDE button This function can also be used for directly measuring the lighting ratio of a scene by showing the exposure difference between the shadow and highlight areas of a composition for highly precise lighting designs The brightness difference function can be used in AMBI mode CORD mode Exposure differences cannot be displayed in NON CORD mode even if you take readings Displayable range of exposure differences is 10 0Ev 0 1Ev steps Measuring brightness difference relative to an exposure reading a reading and then Press the measuring button to take a reading of the area whose brightness press the LATITUDE you want to compare with the fixed value button Q The measurement result will not appear on the viewfinder display if the incident light measuring button is pressed 4 Q The measurement result will appear on the viewfinder display if the spot measuring button is pressed The external 2 data panel displays mn In AMBI mode Pressing the incident light measuring button or the spot measuring button takes cont
46. nel and on the dot indicator of the analog scale R display Q Pressing the CLR button clears the measurement data voaa Sa 13 a Basic Operation 1 With a still camera Display example Display units are FNo El 8 5 Lr 2 ULI 1 TIME 8 5 n 56 Iso 2 inn A uu 1 If you set your desired shutter speed the f number required for proper exposure at that shutter speed is displayed on the digital readout The reading is also displayed on the analog scale by a pointer Ex The display shows a reading of F4 0 0 2 stops 14 If the f number reading is outside the instrument s display range FNo blinks and the display shows either O overrange error or U under range error At the same time the over range under range error indicator or appears on the analog scale If the reading is over the display range reset the shutter speed to a faster value if it s under the display range reset to a slower shutter speed In this way you will be able to determine an appropriate combination of shutter speed and f number If the f number reading exceeds or falls below the instrument s measuring range the display shows E o over range error or under range error Display units are EV EV 45 11 1 12 16 time L amp 5 28 180 n Lu AMBI
47. ng stay on Then even if you fire the flash no reading will be made To restore the meter to standby state press the incident light measuring button again Qin the standby state the meter may mistake ambient light from an intermittent light source such as a fluorescent light for flash light depending on the type of ambient light To avoid this risk take readings in CORD mode using an over the counter synch cord XFire the flash according to the directions given in the users manual for the flash 20 Display example 4 64 FNo 5 mn 2 ELS 5 amp B 50 28 2 inn Non CORD f number corresponding to the shutter speed set in step 3 is displayed on the digital readout as well as on the analog scale with a pointer Example The display shows a reading of F8 0 0 9 stops and the proportion of ambient light to flash light is about 1 1 1 Non corp If the f number reading is outside the instrument s display range FNo blinks and the display shows either overrange error or U under range error At the same time the over range under range error indicator or w appears on the analog scale amp 5 2 2 LL 5 rME 8 m 56 1i Iso 5 2 100 14 NON CORD If the f number reading exceeds or falls below the instrumen s measuring range the display shows
48. onding to a shutter opening of 180 is set automatically by the exposure meter 1 3 Set the film speed to 1 3 stop slower than the film speed you are using Ex ISO 400 to 320 1 3 Set the film speed to 1 3 stop faster than the film speed you are using Ex ISO 400 to 500 15 E Basic Operation 2 With a cine camera BllPress the measuring button to take readings The meter takes measurements continuously as you hold down the incident light measuring button The digital display on the data panel displays the measurement data At the same time the measurement data are also displayed on the dot indicator of the analog scale L When the measuring button is released the meter stops taking measurements and displays only the latest measurement result The meter takes measurements continuously as you hold down the spot measuring button The digital display in the viewfinder displays the measurement data At the same time the measurement data are also displayed on the dot indicator of the analog scale R When the measuring button is released the meter stops taking measurements The latest measurement result appears on the digital display of the external data panel and on the dot indicator of the analog scale R display Q Pressing the CLR button clears the measurement data Display example is the same as the case of a
49. or injury due to an explosion or fluid leakage from batteries Do not use any batteries other than those designated for use AN with the instrument When fitting batteries into the instrument make sure to align them according to the polarity shown on CAUTION the instrument plus and minus Otherwise there is a risk that the batteries may leak or become damaged leading to fire injury or pollution of the surrounding environment 1 Preparing 2 Inserting The instrument uses a single alkaline dry cell LR 6 AA 1 5 V Do not use any batteries other than those designated Remove the battery chamber Insert the battery with the cover by sliding it lightly in plus and minus ends the direction of the arrow oriented according to the diagram in the battery chamber insert the battery correctly to avoid disorder Preparations 2 Inserting 3 Replace the battery chamber cover 3 Checking The instrument automatically checks the battery when power is on After a new battery is installed the display appears as shown below after the power is turned on FNo 5 ca ca 28 150 55 If you turn on the meter when the battery power is running low b c will appear on the display for approx O 5 sec before the normal display appears
50. orresponding measuring button in Alt mode Correction value Correction value BlSpecify an exposure correction value with the up down dial The displayed value can be changed in O 1 EV increments decrements The setting range is 10 0Ev Q Once an exposure correction value is changed it is reflected in the data stored in memory After an exposure correction value has been specified the set value is displayed for O 5 seconds at power on After correction values for both incident light measurement and spot measurement have been specified these settings are displayed for O 5 seconds each in sequence Correction value Correction value for incident light for spot for incident light for spot measurement measurement measurement measurement AEV 4EV 4EV AEV E n s n 5 n 5 n 32 n 32 n a e I 2 4 2 Lu 2 2 LU 2 LU 16 16 16 1 11 11 11 11 8 8 8 8 56 56 56 56 4 4 4 4 28 28 28 28 r 2 2 2 2 14 RE RE u RE 4 Are 1 1 1 1 2 Shutter speed increments Choose between increments of 1 2 stop 1 3 stop and 1 stop according to the shutter speed settings your camera the power on while pressing the ISO button or press the 150 button in Alt BlTurn the up down dial to set the step value mode G Choose from values of 1 0 1 0 5 1 2 and 0 3 1 3 id TIME 8 n 8 na is qu 8 ua 28 28 a mt 1 mmt
51. osure correction function 10 to 10 0 1 stop increments Others Sync terminal Power One AA alkaline dry cell LR 6 1 5 V Battery life Approx 30 hours Continuous operation for ambient light incident light measurement with alkaline dry cell Operating 10 C to 50 C 14 F to 122 F temperature humidity range Relative humidity 85 max at 35 C 95 no condensation Storage temperature humidity range 20 C to 55 C 4 F to 131 F Relative humidity 85 max at 35 C 95 F no condensation Dimensions 66 W X 175 H X 31 D mm Weight 185 g excluding battery Accessories Strap Case Optional Accessories Flat Diffuser 43 0 O 0 dp AS m n Em 2 gt A Kenko ic VY po E E S E E E 52 42 42 6 D 0 E 0 dem T B Kenko
52. ot measurement appropriate to the shooting conditions and nature of the photograph The Kenko Flash Meter KFM 2100 can measure exposure in either way 1 Incident light measurement When performing incident light measurements use the Spherical Diffuser for three dimensional subjects such as portraits and architectural or landscape photographs Use the Flat Diffuser when you photograph flat surfaces such as documents or paintings or when you want to measure lighting ratio See page 32 Attaching the Spherical Diffuser Removing the Spherical Diffuser Rotate the diffuser anticlockwise until it stops and pull the diffuserto detach it Align the index mark white circle of the Spherical Diffuser with theindex of the receptor head Securethe diffuser by turning it in the direction indicated by the arrow until it stops To take an incident light measurement position the meter near the subject and aim the Spherical Diffuser directly at the camera Q The receptor can rotate through a range of 270 degrees so that you can use the meter in an almost any photographic configuration 10 AN Never attempt to look directly at the sun through the viewfinder of the instrument Doing so will damage your WARNING eyesight AN Do not walk around while looking into the viewfinder CAUTION Doing so may result in a fall or other accident 2 Spot measurement To measure a specific area of a photographic image sele
53. r on the digital 16 readoutindicates a fractional value Upper limit 11 between stops The value shown on the analog display is rounded down or up to 8 the nearest 0 5 stops Values of 0 2 or Standard me 5 6 lower are rounded down to O those of 0 3 value 4 to O 7 are rounded to 0 5 and those of 0 8 or greater are rounded up to 1 Lower limit 28 When a latitude range is indicated all dots 2 between the upper and lower limits are lit 14 3 Analog scale R The display of the pointers corresponds to measurement data and memory data for spot measurement The small digit to the right of the two digit reading f number on the digita readout indicates a fractional value between stops The value shown on the analog display is rounded down or up to the nearest O 5 stops Values of 0 2 or lower are rounded down to O those of 0 3 to 0 7 are rounded to 0 5 and those of 0 8 or greater are rounded up to 1 4 Measurement data status indicator When a value measured with incident light measurement is displayed the indicator appears When a value measured with spot measurement is displayed the indicator appears 5 S A H indicator Holding down the S A H button while a measured value is displayed lights the S A or H indicator corresponding to the currently selected AG mode 6 indicator This indicator turns on when the LATITUDE button is pressed Names of Parts and Displays De Ac f60844044454444444444
54. ready stored in memory the meter will determine the exposure for the brightest area measured and stored in memory The meter can only make highlight exposure calculations with measurements stored in memory If there are no measurements stored in memory the meter determines the appropriate exposure based on the latest measurement displayed reading Qf you take photographs according to the aperture given by the highlight exposure calculation the highlight areas will be accurately reproduced on the picture as highlights upper latitude 28 culation function to determine the appropriate exposure Display example While the S A H button is held down Apertures for 1 2 exposure measurements in memory E 2n LLL Aperture for highlight Qin the above example the highlight exposure for the brightest area measured aperture F16 0 5 stops was determined Special Functions Brightness difference function To fix the displayed measurement result or calculation result on the instrument press the LATITUDE button after taking an ordinary measurement or while holding down the S A H button When the next measurement is taken with the meter the exposure difference between the fixed measurement calculation result and the new measurement result appears on the digital display This function is useful for photography with the measurement value and the aperture value taken by holding the S A H button or for ordi
55. rom this we can see that this measuring method provides for natural tonal range over the entire composition The value of 1896 has been determined to be a typical reflectance value for many different subjects Fig 3 f Three dimensional subjects Flat subjects To make effective incident light exposure readings you must use the Spherical Diffuser and Flat Diffuser creatively When photographing three dimensional objects such as people the highlights and shadow areas of a composition depend on the direction of he main illuminating light source Exposure is also influenced by any light reflected towards the camera from the sides or rear of the subject Fig 3 8 In these situations the Spherical Diffuser captures the illuminating ight coming from different directions at he exposure reading takes into accoun So for these situations accurate expos Diffuser to capture only the illuminating the position of the subject so that the contribution of this light on illuminating the subject On the other hand with flat subjects such as pictures and documents light from the sides or rear of the subject generally make little or no contribution to illuminating the subject Fig 3 b ure readings are made using a Flat ight from the front of the subject 11 Preparations Basic Operation Spot reflected light readings Here we explain the basics of using the instrument to take exposur
56. splay if the spot measuring button is pressed The external data panel displays AMBI mode Q When the incident light measuring button or spot measuring button is held down the meter continuously takes measurements and displays the difference between the measurement result and the exposure determined in Step When the measuring button is released the exposure determined in Step is displayed CORD mode Each time the incident light measuring button or spot measuring button is pressed the flash fires and the meter takes a single measurement While the measuring button is held down the difference between the measurement result and the exposure determined in Step is displayed When the measuring button is released the exposure determined in Step is displayed The indication on the data panel is the same as that for AMBI mode Q Press the LATITUDE button to return the meter to the original measurement display mode Q Pressing the CLR button cancels latitude display mode and clears the measurement data and standard exposure r Current measurement value K 8 90 dm In AMBI mode measurements jn are made continuously while the Fixed 32 measuring button is pressed aperture 2 The positions of the pointers value i TME change accordingly 567 Bu Measurement 4 lig value of the z inn shadow area us This shows that the currently measured in 1 as measured area is 2 0
57. sure based on the latest measurement displayed reading Qf you take photographs according to the aperture given by the shadow exposure calculation the shadow areas will be accurately reproduced on the picture as shadows lower latitude Display example While the S A H button is held down K B 5 No 45 Li m7 2 1017 Aperture for shadow 16 tim exposure Pa Lr Iso Apertures for 1 3 7 measurements in 14 memory 1 55 63 AMBI the above example the shadow exposure for the darkest measured area aperture F2 0 0 0 was determined e E Special Functions Highlight calculations for spot readings only When you want to reproduce some detail in the brightest areas of a composition highlight area on the picture without washing them out take a spot reading of the highlight area and use the meter s highlight exposure ca lt FNo 45 FE 32 2 05 5 TME 1 A ISO LATITUDE MODE d 5 CO CON A CLR_S AH_MEMORY 28 so 2 inn 14 1 a reading of the highlight area of the subject BWhile holding down the S A H button set the calculation mode to H with the up down dial Qe Hold down the S A H button to display the result of the highlight based exposure calculation on the digital display and on the dot indicator of the analog scale L there any measurement values al
58. urements as long as the measuring button is held down The positions of the lit dots change with the measurement result Indicates that the exposure of the monitored point is less than the fixed measurement result by 1 5 stops When AMBI mode is selected the meter continuously takes measurements as long as the measuring button is held down The reading on the digital readout changes according to the measurement result When the measuring button is released Pd Sm 8 5 orm p OIG te time L 11 rn 2 ISO 2 inn A 4 AMBI The display returns to the fixed measurement result display mode If the spot measuring button is used to take the measurement described in Step and to monitor the r Measured value for the point monitored When AMBI mode is selected the meter continuously takes measurements as long as the measuring button is held down The positions of the lit dots exposure difference K Hi 4EV 45 3 22 18 TIME Fixed measurement 57 result 4 28 Iso 2 min m ILL 1 AMBI change with the measurement result r Indicates that the exposure of the monitored point is less than the fixed measurement result by 1 5 stops When AMBI mode is selected the meter continuously takes measurements as long as the measuring button is held down The reading on the digital readout changes accor
59. ver range under range error indicator appears on the analog scale 18 8 M TIME 8 m 56 4s Iso 2 inn If the f number reading exceeds or falls below the instrument s measuring range the display shows E o over range error or E u under range error When measuring flash light using an over the counter sync cord CORD mode the flash may fail to fire e g if the trigger voltage of the flash is too low In this case take a reading without sync firing the flash NON CORD mode 2 Without a sync cord Incident light measurement Basic Operation gt be continued on the next page Insert a battery p 7 i Set ISO speed p 9 the instrument to start taking readings ISO LATITUDE MODE COO CLR S A d MEMORY 6 CLE ElSet the mode display to NON CORFD using the MODE button G Changing the measuring mode retains the memory data but clears previous measurement data G Settings for shutter speed and display units will be automatically adjusted as follows 1 1250 to 1 16000 sec adjusted to 1 1000 sec EV adjusted to FNo ElSpecify the desired shutter speed with the up down dial G Shutter speeds can be set within the range of 30 min to 1 1000 sec Set the shutter speed within the flash sync sp
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