Avaya Configuring TDM Services User's Manual
Contents
1. Accept the default values and click on OK The Select Protocols window opens 9 Add one or more protocols such as IP and configure those protocols The ATM Virtual Channel Link window opens the following parameters AAL Type parameter to AAL 1 encapsulation Service Category to CBR 10 Click on Add The ATM Virtual Channel Link Parameters window opens 11 Enter the VPI VCI Pair For information on how to configure these parameters see Configuring ATM Services 12 Click on OK You return to the ATM Virtual Channel Link window 13 Highlight the virtual channel and configure 14 Click on Apply continued 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Configuring TDM Services Site Manager Procedure continuea You do this 15 Click on Done System responds You return to the ATM Service Records List window 16 Click on Done 17 Click on Done You return to the Edit ATM Connector window You return to the ATM Configuration window 18 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 4 Configure CES Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Edit Connector window opens click on the PORT connector 2 Click on Config CES The CES H 110 Circuit window opens 3 Click on Connect The CES H 110 Circuit List window opens 4 Highlight the CES H 110 circuit and click You2. Cik 8 Cik 9 show tdm partition The show tdm partition command displays the timeslot partition information for the The frequency T1 or E1 of the H 110 clock sources The state of the current clock source The currently active H 110 clock source The GAME Instance Id Connector of H 110 clock source 1 The GAME Instance Id Connector of H 110 clock source 2 The GAME Instance Id Connector of H 110 clock source 3 The GAME Instance Id Connector of H 110 clock source 4 The GAME Instance Id Connector of H 110 clock source 5 The GAME Instance Id Connector of H 110 clock source 6 The GAME Instance Id Connector of H 110 clock source 7 The GAME Instance Id Connector of H 110 clock source 8 The GAME Instance Id Connector of H 110 clock source 9 TDM manager on the Passport 5430 The output includes the following information Timeslot Partition 64K Channel Timeslot Partition 56K Channel Number of channels to reserve for the 64 Kb s virtual trunk Number of channels reserved for the 56 Kb s virtual trunk 309426 14 10 Rev 01 B 5 A acronyms xiii ATM configuration tools 2 2 interface customizing 2 1 BCC show commands B 1 C CBR 1 2 CES 1 2 2 6 CES H 110 circuit 1 1 2 6 circuit CES H 110 1 1 switched H 110 1 1 Circuit Emulation Services CES 1 2 clock source 2 15 clock standard 2 14 Clock Standard Parameter A 2 constant bit rate CBR 1 2 conventions text xii customer support x
3. e The Technical Manuals section lists available printed documentation sets How to Get Help If you purchased a service contract for your Nortel Networks product from a distributor or authorized reseller contact the technical support staff for that distributor or reseller for assistance xiv 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Preface If you purchased a Nortel Networks service program contact one of the following Nortel Networks Technical Solutions Centers Technical Solutions Center Telephone Number Billerica MA 800 2LANWAN 800 252 6926 Santa Clara CA 800 2LANWAN 800 252 6926 Valbonne France 33 4 92 96 69 68 Sydney Australia 61 2 9927 8800 Tokyo Japan 81 3 5402 7041 309426 14 10 Rev 01 XV Chapter 1 Understanding TDM Overview of TDM Time division multiplexing TDM is a method in which a transmission device is multiplexed among a number of channels by allocating the device to the channels on the basis of timeslots Timeslots are assigned so that each transmitting device gets its required share of the available bandwidth Because of this time bandwidth multiplexing technique TDMs are protocol insensitive and can combine various protocols onto a single high speed transmission link Some devices such as voice and video systems may require more timeslots to ensure that data arrives at the distant link end without becoming distorted from slower data rates TD
4. 14 10 Rev 01 Using Site Manager Customizing TDM To allocate the number of timeslots complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window click Platform gt TDM gt Connections The TDM Connections window opens 2 Set the Number of Timeslots parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 3 3 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window Setting the Data Rate in the Timeslots You can determine the rate at which data can travel within each and every timeslot in the circuit as follows e Select 64K for a full timeslot When you select 64K the data rate is 64 Kb s times the number of timeslots for the 64 Kb s timeslots e Select 56K MSB to set the most significant bit that is the first bit on the wire to 1 and have data carried on the next 7 bits If you select 56K you can have only one timeslot and the data rate is 56 Kb s e Select 56K LSB to carry data on the first 7 bits Set the least significant bit that is the last bit to 1 If you select 56K you can have only one timeslot and the data rate is 56 Kb s 309426 14 10 Rev 01 2 19 Configuring TDM Services Using the BCC To set the data rate for a switched H 110 circuit navigate to the connect prompt for example box dsync 1 4 2 2 dsync 1 4 2 2 connect 1 4 2 2 and enter timeslot subrate lt valu
5. Configuring TDM Services Circuit TDM Resource Parameter Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID The circuit TDM resource parameter determines whether the TDM circuit can make a local or remote connection TDM Resource Configuration Manager gt Connector gt Edit TDM Switched_H110 Switched_H110 CES_H110 Identifies the TDM circuit used by this resource Select CES_H110 to emulate TDM functionality over an ATM circuit Select Switched_H110 to establish a local connection between two dual synchronous ports Use switched H 110 circuits mainly for testing purposes 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 3 1 10 TDM Global Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID The TDM global parameters determine the box wide behavior of the TDM circuit Clock Standard Configuration Manager gt Platform gt TDM gt Global Tl TIIEI Specifies the frequency T1 or El of the H 110 clock sources Select T1 or El 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 9 3 3 1 3 Timeslot Partition Configuration Manager gt Platform gt TDM gt Global 32 O through 64 Specifies the number of channels to reserve for the 64 Kb s virtual trunk The remainder of the channels will be reserved for the 56 Kb s trunk Your setting for timeslot partition must be an even number Select an even number between 0 and
6. circuit Total Up Time The total time the interface has been in its current operational state UP state since boot TDM Resource The type of the TDM resource TDM Connection The indication of whether this TDM circuit is currently in use B 2 309426 14 10 Rev 01 BCC Show Commands show dsync stats The show dsync stats command displays all status of all dual synchronous ports This command allows for the following command filter flag and filter arguments circuit lt circuit_name gt Displays information about the specified dual synchronous circuit The output includes the following information Slot Pci_Slot Module The slot Pci_Slot module connector location of the DualSync Connector interface Circuit Name Circuit name assigned to the interface Oper Stats The current state of this interface Receive Bytes Number of octets received Transmit Bytes Number of octets transmitted Cable Type The type of the cable attached to the TDM interface port EIA Status The state of the EIA signals at the router interface show switched h110 config The show switched h110 config command displays all TDM dual synchronous switched connection information The output includes the following information DualSync Slot Pci_Slot The first DualSync Slot Pci_Slot Module Connector location of the Module Connector TDM switched connection DualSync Slot Pci_Slot The second DualSync Slot Pci_Slot Module Connector location of Module Con
7. of the state of California Should you have any questions concerning this Agreement contact Nortel Networks 4401 Great America Parkway P O Box 58185 Santa Clara California 95054 8185 LICENSEE ACKNOWLEDGES THAT LICENSEE HAS READ THIS AGREEMENT UNDERSTANDS IT AND AGREES TO BE BOUND BY ITS TERMS AND CONDITIONS LICENSEE FURTHER AGREES THAT THIS AGREEMENT IS THE ENTIRE AND EXCLUSIVE AGREEMENT BETWEEN NORTEL NETWORKS AND LICENSEE WHICH SUPERSEDES ALL PRIOR ORAL AND WRITTEN AGREEMENTS AND COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE PARTIES PERTAINING TO THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THIS AGREEMENT NO DIFFERENT OR ADDITIONAL TERMS WILL BE ENFORCEABLE AGAINST NORTEL NETWORKS UNLESS NORTEL NETWORKS GIVES ITS EXPRESS WRITTEN CONSENT INCLUDING AN EXPRESS WAIVER OF THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Contents Preface ERBE OU BEIN aan xi TESIS acatar nido xii ACTOS ci o een xiii Hard Copy Technical Manuals eis xiv Povia Ger T TEP ee nig erT reer ree mere Peer N A xiv Chapter 1 Understanding TDM A A O eens nl 1 1 RIS eT rro o oo 1 1 Suele dia Ty TER e se ei 1 2 GES PATO HERI T Ler eu 1 2 The Role a e amas ad b Ha oia 1 2 The TOM and ATM COMEN aan aaa 1 3 TUNER TI ES MEN EEA A E A O 1 3 Chapter 2 Customizing TDM Saing Doniguration R ti A iras 2 2 Default TOM Configuration Parameters una 2 2 Making a Switched H 110 TDM Circuit Connection oooccccnnnncnnnccccnncccnnncnnnnanc cnn nnnnnnanncnnn 2 3 Making a GES H 110 TOM Circuit Conne
8. return to the Edit Connector window on OK 5 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 2 12 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Customizing TDM Disabling or Reenabling Data over a TDM Circuit By default when you create a TDM circuit data traffic over that circuit is enabled You can disable and reenable the traffic over a TDM circuit Changing the state of the traffic over a TDM circuit is useful for example when you want to hang up disable a conference call Using the BCC To disable traffic over a TDM circuit navigate to the dual synchronous connector prompt for example box dsync 3 1 1 and enter state disabled To enable traffic over a TDM circuit navigate to the dual synchronous connector prompt for example box dsync 3 1 1 and enter state enabled Using Site Manager To disable or reenable traffic over a TDM circuit complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Edit Connector window opens click on the PORT connector 2 Click on Edit Line The Edit DSYNC PMC Parameters window opens 3 Set the Enable parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 3 4 Click on OK You return to the Edit Connector window 5 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 309426 14 10 Rev 01 2 13 Configuring TDM Services Sett
9. want to connect a dual synchronous port with an ATM PVC on an ATM T1 El port so that you can emulate TDM functionality over ATM using CES This type of circuit enables you to connect video conferencing equipment in two different remote locations Note Once you connect the PORT connector to the other end of the circuit you cannot modify the circuit type To modify the circuit type you must first disconnect the port To connect both ends of a CES H 110 TDM circuit complete the following steps e Create an entry for the dual synchronous connector e Create an entry for the ATM connector e Define an ATM PVC service record that uses null encapsulation e Create an ATM PVC that uses AAL 1 encapsulation and uses the CBR service category e Start CES to connect the dual synchronous connector to the ATM PVC Using the BCC 1 Create an entry for the dual synchronous connector To make a CES H 110 TDM circuit connection first navigate to the box prompt for example box and enter dsync slot lt s ot_number gt pci slot lt pci_number gt module lt mod_number gt connector lt connector_number gt slot_number is the slot number containing the dual synchronous module The slot number for the dual synchronous module is always 1 pci_number is the number of the pci slot containing the dual synchronous board module_number is a convention used within the Passport 5430 chassis connector_number is the connector associated wit
10. within the Passport 5430 chassis connector_number is the connector associated with this interface For example to connect the first dual synchronous connector located at slot 1 pci slot 4 module 2 connector 2 to the second dual synchronous connector located at slot 1 pci slot 4 module 1 connector 1 enter box dsync 1 4 2 2 connect sslot 1 spci slot 4 smodule 1 sconnector 1 2 4 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Customizing TDM Using Site Manager To connect both ends of a switched H 110 TDM circuit complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window click on the PORT connector The Edit Connector window opens 2 Click on Edit TDM The Edit Circuit TDM Parameters window opens 3 Set the TDM Resource parameter to Switched_H 110 for switched H 110 TDM circuit enabling local connections only 4 Click on OK You return to the Edit Connector window 5 Click on Config TDM if you chose a switched H 110 circuit to connect two local dual synchronous connectors Click on Connect Click on Connect The Switched or CES H 110 Connector window opens The Switched or CES H 110 Circuit List window opens Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 309426 14 10 Rev 01 2 5 Configuring TDM Services Making a CES H 110 TDM Circuit Connection You can set the circuit type to CES H 110 if you
11. 64 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 9 3 4 1 3 A 2 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Site Manager Parameters Dual Synchronous PMC Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID The dual synchronous PMC parameters determine the behavior of the TDM circuit on an individual timeslot basis Enable Configuration Manager gt Connector gt Edit Line Enable Enable Disable Enables traffic over a TDM circuit Select Enable to enable traffic over a TDM circuit Select Disable to disable traffic over a TDM circuit 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 9 3 5 1 2 Per Timeslot Subrate Configuration Manager gt Connector gt Edit Line Subrate_64K Subrate_64K Subrate_56KMSB Subrate_64KLSB Specifies data rate for each timeslot within a TDM circuit Accept the default 64K for a full timeslot Select 56KMSB to send 56 Kb s data and set the first bit on the wire and have data carried on the next 7 bits Select S6KLSB to send 56 Kb s data and carry data on the first 7 bits and set the last bit to 1 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 9 3 5 1 7 Number of Timeslots Configuration Manager gt Connector gt Edit Line 1 1 through 32 Number of TDM circuit timeslots occupied by this interface Since TDM circuits are full duplex setting this attribute to N will a
12. BayRS Version 14 10 Part No 309426 14 10 Rev 01 January 2000 4401 Great America Parkway Santa Clara CA 95054 Configuring TDM Services NORTEL NETWORKS Copyright O 2000 Nortel Networks All rights reserved Printed in the USA January 2000 The information in this document is subject to change without notice The statements configurations technical data and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable but are presented without express or implied warranty Users must take full responsibility for their applications of any products specified in this document The information in this document is proprietary to Nortel Networks NA Inc The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may only be used in accordance with the terms of that license A summary of the Software License is included in this document Trademarks NORTEL NETWORKS is a trademark of Nortel Networks Bay Networks ACE AFN AN BCN BLN BN BNX CN FRE LN Optivity Optivity Policy Services and PPX are registered trademarks and Advanced Remote Node ANH ARN ASN BayRS BaySecure BayStack BayStream BCC BCNX BLNX Centillion EtherSpeed FN IP AutoLearn Passport SN SPEX Switch Node System 5000 and TokenSpeed are trademarks of Nortel Networks Microsoft MS MS DOS Win32 Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation All other trademarks and registered
13. IE O Ji c C IE Passport 5430 CO a a Video conference Video conference at remote office 1 at remote office 2 TDMO001A Figure 3 1 Sample Video Conferencing Session Using TDM 3 2 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Setting Up a Video Conference Video Conferencing To set up a video conference first disable dialing and ensure that all equipment supports a direct connection Next follow the instructions for how to make a CES H 110 TDM connection in Making a CES H 110 TDM Circuit Connection on page 2 6 Where to Go Next Use the following table to determine where to go next If you want to Go to Learn about TDM Chapter 1 Change default settings for TDM parameters Chapter 2 Obtain information about Site Manager parameters Appendix A Monitor TDM using the BCC show commands Appendix B 309426 14 10 Rev 01 3 3 Appendix A Site Manager Parameters After you enable a TDM circuit you can use Site Manager parameters to edit TDM parameters Many TDM parameters are interdependent how you edit some parameters depends on how you set others This appendix contains the Site Manager parameter descriptions for TDM services You can display the same information using Site Manager online Help This appendix contains the following information Topic Page Circuit TDM Resource Parameter A 2 TDM Global Parameters A 2 Dual Synchronous PMC Parameters A 3 309426 14 10 Rev 01 A 1
14. M technologies are available on the Passport 5430 to route TDM data between the dual synchronous PMC modules and the ATM asynchronous transfer mode super serial daughterboard TDM Circuits You can establish two different types of TDM circuits e A switched H 110 TDM circuit e A circuit emulation services CES H 110 TDM circuit 309426 14 10 Rev 01 1 1 Configuring TDM Services Switched H 110 TDM Circuits Switched H 110 TDM circuits allow you to establish a connection between two dual synchronous connectors You use this type of circuit primarily for local connections CES H 110 TDM Circuits CES H 110 TDM circuits connect an ATM permanent virtual circuit PVC to an H 110 connected device CES H 110 TDM circuits transmit TDM data over an ATM network using Circuit Emulation Services CES When you use this type of circuit you must configure CES on an ATM PVC to emulate TDM functionality on that ATM PVC For information on how to configure CES see Configuring ATM Services The Role of CES CES is a set of services that supports the emulation of TDM circuits over an ATM network CES provides a constant bit rate CBR virtual circuit that performs just like a synchronous point to point private line When configuring CES to transfer TDM data you must configure the ATM PVC to use the ATM adaptation layer 1 AAL 1 encapsulation 1 2 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Understanding TDM The TDM and ATM Connection You can config
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16. al synchronous module The slot number for the dual synchronous module is always 1 pci_number is the number of the pci slot containing the dual synchronous board smodule_number is a convention used within the Passport 5430 chassis connector_number is the connector associated with this interface For example to connect an ATM PVC located at slot 1 pci slot 1 module 2 connector 1 with a VCI VPI pair of 32 33 to the dual synchronous connector located at slot 1 pci slot 4 module 2 connector 2 enter the following command pve 1 1 2 1 32 33 ces 1 4 2 2 Using Site Manager To make a CES H 110 TDM circuit connection complete the following tasks 1 Configure a dual synchronous board Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 Inthe Site Manager window click on The Open Configuration File window Configuration Manager opens 2 Specify a configuration file name and click The Select Router Model window opens on Save 309426 14 10 Rev 01 2 9 Configuring TDM Services Site Manager Procedure continuea You do this 3 Click on Passport 5430 and then click on Confirm System responds The Configuration manager window opens 4 Click on Empty Module The Module List window opens 5 Select Dual Syne and click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window Two PORT connectors on the dual synchronous board are now available 6 Click on
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18. bout Site Manager parameters Appendix A Monitor TDM using the BCC show commands Appendix B 309426 14 10 Rev 01 2 21 Chapter 3 Video Conferencing This chapter which describes how to set up a point to point video conference includes the following information Topic Page Hardware Requirements 3 1 Setting Up a Video Conference 3 3 Where to Go Next 3 3 Hardware Requirements A point to point video conference requires that you have video conferencing equipment at two or more remote locations As shown in Figure 3 1 this equipment consists of e A Passport 5430 with a dual synchronous module Cameras televisions etc supplied by a vendor such as PictureTel Vtel or Vcon s A V 35 interface e A line speed capable of 56 64 128 192 256 320 and 384 Kb s 309426 14 10 Rev 01 3 1 Configuring TDM Services TOM Class TDM Emos circuit ATM circuit ATM Pa Module Pa Module AB Dual Synchronous II 2191 gt Dual Synchronous E1 T1 connection E1 T1 connection S m a T gt eames BE IL ae dla ca a IE gt
19. e Manager to configure TDM on a router In this guide you will find instructions for using both the BCC and Site Manager Before You Begin Before using this guide you must complete the following procedures For a new router e Install the router see the installation guide that came with your router e Connect the router to the network and create a pilot configuration file see Quick Starting Routers Configuring BayStack Remote Access or Connecting ASN Routers to a Network Make sure that you are running the latest version of Nortel Networks BayRS and Site Manager software For information about upgrading BayRS and Site Manager see the upgrading guide for your version of BayRS 309426 14 10 Rev 01 xi Configuring TDM Services Text Conventions This guide uses the following text conventions angle brackets lt gt bold text braces brackets ellipsis points Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the description inside the brackets Do not type the brackets when entering the command Example If the command syntax is ping lt ip_address gt you enter ping 192 32 10 12 Indicates command names and options and text that you need to enter Example Enter show ip alerts routes Example Use the dinfo command Indicate required elements in syntax descriptions where there is more than one option You must choose only one of the options Do not type the braces
20. e gt value is the rate at which data travels in the timeslots For example the following command allocates a full 64 Kb s for data within each timeslot on the switched H 110 circuit connect 2 1 1 1 2 1 timeslot subrate 64k To set the data rate for a CES H 110 circuit navigate to the CES prompt for example box dsync 1 4 2 2 atm 1 1 2 1 mode t1 pvc service ces1422 pvc 1 1 2 1 32 33 ces 1 4 2 2 and enter timeslot subrate lt value gt integer is the rate at which data travels in the timeslots For example the following command allocates a full 64 Kb s for data within each timeslot on the CES H 110 circuit ces 32 33 1 4 2 2 timeslot subrate 64k Using Site Manager To determine the data rate for each timeslot in the partition complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The TDM Connections window opens click Platform gt TDM gt Connections 2 Set the Per Timeslot Subrate parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 3 3 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window 2 20 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Where to Go Next Use the following table to determine where to go next Customizing TDM If you want to Go to Learn about TDM Chapter 1 Learn how to establish a point to point video Chapter 3 conferencing session using TDM Obtain information a
21. example to create an ATM entry at slot 1 pci slot 1 module 2 connector 1 using the T1 mode enter box atm slot 1 pci slot 1 module 2 connector 1 mode t1 atm 1 1 2 1 Define an ATM PVC service record To define an ATM PVC service record navigate to the ATM interface prompt for example box atm 1 1 2 1 and enter pvc service lt service_name gt encapsulation lt encapsulation_type gt service_name is a unique text string that you assign to the service record 309426 14 10 Rev 01 2 7 Configuring TDM Services encapsulation_type is the data encapsulation type that you want the PVC service record to use When configuring a CES H 110 TDM circuit you must define an ATM service record that uses null encapsulation For example the following command defines a PVC service record with the name ces1422 and that uses null encapsulation on ATM slot 1 pci slot 1 module 2 connector 1 atm 5 1 pve service service name ces1422 encapsulation null pvc service ces1422 Add an ATM PVC to the PVC service record To add a PVC to a PVC service record navigate to the ATM PVC service record prompt for example box atm 1 1 2 1 pvc service ces1422 and enter pve vpi lt vpi_number gt vci lt vci_number gt vpi_number identifies the virtual path of the PVC The header can contain a maximum of 8 VPI bits for a UNI connection This bit range allows for path identifiers from 0 to 255 vci_number identifies the vir
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23. h this interface 2 6 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Customizing TDM For example to create an entry for the first dual synchronous connector located at slot 1 pci slot 4 module 2 connector 2 enter box dsync slot 1 pci slot 4 module 2 connector 2 dsync 1 4 2 2 Create an entry for an ATM T1 E1 connector Next navigate to the box prompt for example box to add ATM to the configuration so that you can connect an ATM PVC to the dual synchronous connector and enter atm slot lt s ot_number gt pci slot lt pci_slot_number gt module lt module_number gt connector lt connector_number gt mode lt mode gt To add ATM to the configuration navigate to the top level prompt and enter atm slot lt slot_number gt pci slot lt pci_slot_number gt module lt module_number gt connector lt connector_number gt slot_number is the number of the chassis slot containing the link module pci_slot_number is the pci slot number of the ATM E1 ATM T1 line The pci slot number for the ATM router is always 1 module_number is a convention used within the Passport 5430 or System 5000 chassis You need only enter a module number when configuring an ATM router in the Passport 5430 or System 5000 chassis that is the Model 5782 Centillion Multiprotocol Engine The module number for the ATM router is always 1 connector_number is the number of a connector on the link module mode is the frequency mode you want to use either T1 or El For
24. ing the Clock Standard Before configuring a TDM circuit you can set the TDM clock standard to use the default clock or to use either the T1 or El frequency By default the TDM clock standard is set to the standard that will be used for TDM The TDM clock standard affects all TDM circuits CES and switched Note A change to the TDM clock standard takes effect only after you reboot the router with the new configuration file Any change to the timeslot partition also requires that you save your configuration and reboot To save time you may want to be sure you have configured both the TDM clock standard and the timeslot partition before you save your configuration and reboot Using the BCC To set the clock standard navigate to the TDM prompt for example box tdm and enter clock standard lt frequency gt frequency specifies whether you are using the T1 or El clock frequency for the clock standard For example the following command chooses the E1 frequency as the clock standard tdm Clock standard e1 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Customizing TDM Using Site Manager To set the TDM clock standard complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The TDM Clock Parameters window click Platform gt TDM gt Clock opens Connectors 2 Highlight the clock that you want to set and choose from the oscillator or ATM clock options Othe
25. is provided will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of 90 days from the date Software is first shipped to Licensee Nortel Networks will replace defective media at no charge if it is returned to Nortel Networks during the warranty period along with proof of the date of shipment This warranty does not apply if the media has been damaged as a result of accident misuse or abuse The Licensee assumes all responsibility for selection of the Software to achieve Licensee s intended results and for the installation use and results obtained from the Software Nortel Networks does not warrant a that the functions contained in the software will meet the Licensee s requirements b that the Software will operate in the hardware or software combinations that the Licensee may select c that the operation of the Software will be uninterrupted or error free or d that all defects in the operation of the Software will be corrected Nortel Networks is not obligated to remedy any Software defect that cannot be reproduced with the latest Software release These warranties do not apply to the Software if it has been i altered except by Nortel Networks or in accordance with its instructions ii used in conjunction with another vendor s product resulting in the defect or 111 damaged by improper environment abuse misuse accident or negligence THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES AND LIMITATIONS ARE EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES AND ARE I
26. it which can connect two local dual synchronous connectors Use this type of circuit to connect video conferencing equipment that connects to the same router Note Once you connect the PORT connector to the other end of the circuit you cannot modify the circuit type To modify the circuit type you must first unconnect the port Using the BCC To connect both ends of a switched H 110 TDM circuit you must create entries for two dual synchronous connectors and then connect them 1 Create an entry for the first dual synchronous connector To create an entry for the first dual synchronous board at the box prompt for example box enter dsync slot lt slot_number gt pci slot lt pci_number gt module lt mod_number gt connector lt connector_number gt slot_number is the slot number containing the dual synchronous module The slot number for the dual synchronous module is always 1 pci_number is the number of the pci slot containing the dual synchronous board module_number is a convention used within the Passport 5430 chassis connector_number is the connector associated with this interface For example to create an entry for the first dual synchronous connector located at slot 1 pci slot 4 module 2 connector 2 enter box dsync 1 4 2 2 dsync slot 1 pci slot 4 module 2 connector 2 dsync 1 4 2 2 Create an entry for the second dual synchronous connector To create an entry for the second dual synchronous c
27. iv D data rate 2 19 default configuration 2 2 disabling TDM traffic 2 13 dual synchronous connectors 1 2 2 3 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Index E emulating TDM functionality over ATM 1 2 Enable parameter A 3 enabling TDM traffic 2 13 N number of timeslots 2 18 Number of Timeslots parameter A 3 P parameters Clock Standard A 2 Enable A 3 Number of Timeslots A 3 Per Timeslot Subrate A 3 TDM Resource A 2 Timeslot Partition A 2 partitioning timeslots 2 16 Passport 5430 1 1 permanent virtual circuit 1 2 Per Timeslot Subrate parameter A 3 PMC modules 1 1 product support xiv protocols 1 1 publications hard copy xiv PVC 1 2 PVCs defining service records for 2 7 Index 1 S show commands B 1 Site Manager parameters A 1 super serial daughterboard 1 1 support Nortel Networks xiv switched H 110 circuit 1 1 2 3 T TDM configuration default 2 2 TDM Resource parameter A 2 TDM traffic disabling 2 13 enabling 2 13 TDM defined 1 1 technical publications xiv technical support xiv text conventions xii Time division multiplexing defined 1 1 time bandwidth multiplexing 1 1 Timeslot Partition parameter A 2 timeslot subrate 2 20 timeslots 1 1 partitions 2 16 V video conferencing local 2 3 remote locations 2 6 voice and video systems 1 1 Index 2 309426 14 10 Rev 01
28. llocate N transmit timeslots and N receive timeslots Accept the default or select a value from 1 to 32 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 9 3 5 1 8 309426 14 10 Rev 01 A 3 Appendix B BCC Show Commands This appendix describes how to use the BCC show commands to obtain TDM and DSYNC statistical data from the management information base MIB The type and amount of data displayed depend on the specific TDM and DSYNC settings that you want to view This appendix includes descriptions of the following show commands Command Page show dsync config B 2 show dsync stats B 3 show switched h110 config B 3 show switched h110 stats B 4 show tdm h110 clock B 5 show tdm partition B 5 309426 14 10 Rev 01 B 1 Configuring TDM Services show dsync config The show dsync config command displays all dual synchronous port information This command allows for the following command filter flag and filter arguments circuit lt circuit_name gt Displays information about the specified dual synchronous circuit The output includes the following information Slot Pci_Slot Module The slot Pci_Slot module connector location of the DualSync Connector interface Circuit Name Circuit name assigned to the interface Oper Stats The current state of this interface Timeslot Subrate The data rate within each and every timeslot within this TDM circuit Timeslot Number Number of timeslots occupied by this H 110 TDM
29. n number of channels to reserve for the 64 Kb s virtual trunk The remainder of the channels will be reserved for the 56 Kb s trunk If you add more CES TDM circuits and run out of 64 Kb s timeslot space then you need to change the partition to allocate more 64 Kb s timeslot spaces which leaves you fewer 56 Kb s timeslot spaces Use the BCC show tdm partition command to determine how many 56 Kb s channels are available 2 16 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Customizing TDM Using the BCC Note A change to the timeslot partition takes effect only after you reboot the router with the new configuration file Any change to the TDM clock standard also requires that you save your configuration and reboot To save time you may want to be sure you ve configured both the TDM clock standard and the timeslot partition before you save your configuration and reboot To partition the timeslots navigate to the TDM prompt for example box tdm and enter tdm timeslot partition lt integer gt integer is the number of channels per virtual trunk For example the following command allocates 30 64 Kb s timeslots with the remainder reserved for 56 Kb s timeslots tdm timeslot partition 30 Using Site Manager To partition the timeslots complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Edit TDM Global Parameters window click Platform gt TDM gt Global ope
30. nector the TDM switched connection Circuit Name Circuit name assigned to the interface Timeslot Subrate The data rate within each and every timeslot within this TDM circuit Timeslot Partition Number of timeslots occupied by this H 110 TDM circuit Oper State State of the TDM switched connection 309426 14 10 Rev 01 B 3 Configuring TDM Services show switched h110 stats The show switched h110 stats command displays all TDM dual synchronous switched connection status information The output includes the following information Conn Connector number of the interface Slot Pci_Slot Module The DualSync Slot Pci_Slot Module Connector location of the TDM Connector switched connection Circuit Name Circuit name assigned to the interface Timeslot Subrate The data rate within each and every timeslot within this TDM circuit Timeslot Partition The number of timeslots occupied by this H 110 TDM circuit Oper State State of the TDM line Up Down Init initializing Disabled or Absent Receive Bytes Number of octets received Transmit Bytes Number of octets transmitted B 4 309426 14 10 Rev 01 BCC Show Commands show tdm h110 clock The show tdm h110 clock command displays all H 110 clock source connector information for the TDM manager on the Passport 5430 The output includes the following information Clock Standard Current Clock State Current Clock Source Cik 1 Clk 2 Clk 3 Cik 4 Clk 5 Cik 6 Clk 7
31. ns 2 Set the Timeslot Partition parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 2 3 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window 309426 14 10 Rev 01 2 17 Configuring TDM Services Determining the Number of Timeslots The number of timeslots that are available depends on your setting for the data rate If you choose to send 64 Kb s data you can have more than 1 timeslot available to transmit data If you choose to send 56 Kb s data then you can have only 1 timeslot available for data transmission Using the BCC To allocate the number of timeslots for a switched H 110 circuit navigate to the connect prompt for example box dsync 1 4 2 2 dsync 1 4 2 2 connect 1 4 2 2 and enter For example the following command allocates the number of timeslots assigned to the switched H 110 circuit timeslots lt integer gt integer is the number of timeslots that you want to use For example the following command allocates three timeslots connect 2 1 1 1 2 1 timeslots 3 To allocate the number of timeslots for a CES H 110 circuit navigate to the CES prompt for example box dsync 1 4 2 2 atm 1 1 2 1 mode t1 pvc service ces1422 pvc 1 1 2 1 32 33 ces 1 4 2 2 and enter timeslots lt integer gt integer is the number of timeslots that you want to use For example the following command allocates three timeslots connect 2 1 1 1 2 1 timeslots 3 2 18 309426
32. one of the PORT connectors 7 Click on OK The Add Circuit window opens You return to the Configuration Manager window Establish a TDM CES H 110 circuit Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window click on the PORT connector The Edit Connector window opens 2 Click on Edit TDM The Edit Circuit TDM Parameters window opens 3 Set the TDM Resource parameter to CES_H110 4 Click on OK You return to the Edit Connector window 5 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 2 10 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Customizing TDM 3 Establish an ATM PVC having AAL 1 encapsulation and CBR service category When you establish an ATM PVC be sure to set the AAL Type to 1 and the service category to CBR Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 Inthe Configuration Manager window The Module List window opens click on Empty ATM T1 E1 Module 2 Select ATM T1 E1 and click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window An ATM connector is now available 3 Click on the ATM connector The Add Circuit window opens 4 Click on OK The ATM Configuration window opens 5 Click on ATM The Edit ATM Connector window opens 6 Click on Service Attributes The ATM Service Records List window opens 7 Click on PVC The ATM Service Records parameters window opens 8
33. onnector navigate to the second dual synchronous board prompt for example box dsync 1 4 2 2 and enter dsync slot lt s ot_number gt pci slot lt pci_number gt module lt mod_number gt connector lt connector_number gt 309426 14 10 Rev 01 2 3 Configuring TDM Services slot_number is the slot number containing the dual synchronous module The slot number for the dual synchronous module is always 1 pci_number is the number of the pci slot containing the dual synchronous board module_number is a convention used within the Passport 5430 chassis connector_number is the connector associated with this interface For example to create an entry for the second dual synchronous connector located at slot 1 pci slot 4 module 1 connector 1 enter box dsync 1 4 2 2 dsync slot 1 pci slot 4 module 1 connector 1 3 Connect the first dual synchronous connector to the second dual synchronous connector To connect the two dual synchronous connectors navigate to the second dual synchronous connector prompt for example box dsync 1 3 1 1 and enter connect sslot lt s ot_number gt spci slot lt pci_number gt smodule lt mod_number gt sconnector lt connector_number gt slot_number is the slot number containing the dual synchronous module The slot number for the dual synchronous module is always 1 pci_number is the number of the pci slot containing the dual synchronous board module_number is a convention used
34. opy in whole or in part Except as expressly provided in this Agreement Licensee may not copy or transfer the Software or user manuals in whole or in part The Software and user manuals embody Nortel Networks and its licensors confidential and proprietary intellectual property Licensee shall not sublicense assign or otherwise disclose to any third party the Software or any information about the operation design performance or implementation of the Software and user manuals that is confidential to Nortel Networks and its licensors however Licensee may grant permission to its consultants subcontractors and agents to use the Software at Licensee s facility provided they have agreed to use the Software only in accordance with the terms of this license 3 Limited warranty Nortel Networks warrants each item of Software as delivered by Nortel Networks and properly installed and operated on Nortel Networks hardware or other equipment it is originally licensed for to function substantially as described in its accompanying user manual during its warranty period which begins on the date Software is first shipped to Licensee If any item of Software fails to so function during its warranty period as the sole remedy Nortel Networks will at its discretion provide a suitable fix patch or workaround for the problem that may be included in a future Software release Nortel Networks further warrants to Licensee that the media on which the Software
35. ow ip alerts routes you enter either show ip alerts or show ip routes but not both This guide uses the following acronyms AAL 1 ATM CBR CES LSB MIB MSB ATM adaptation layer 1 asynchronous transfer mode constant bit rate circuit emulation services least significant bit management information base most significant bit 309426 14 10 Rev 01 xiii Configuring TDM Services PCI peripheral component interconnect PMC PCI mezzanine card PVC permanent virtual circuit TDM time division multiplexing WAN wide area network Hard Copy Technical Manuals You can print selected technical manuals and release notes free directly from the Internet Go to support baynetworks com library tpubs Find the product for which you need documentation Then locate the specific category and model or version for your hardware or software product Using Adobe Acrobat Reader you can open the manuals and release notes search for the sections you need and print them on most standard printers You can download Acrobat Reader free from the Adobe Systems Web site www adobe com You can purchase selected documentation sets CDs and technical publications through the collateral catalog The catalog is located on the World Wide Web at support baynetworks com catalog html and is divided into sections arranged alphabetically e The CD ROMs section lists available CDs e The Guides Books section lists books on technical topics
36. rth in subparagraph c 1 of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause of FAR 52 227 19 and the limitations set out in this license for civilian agencies and subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause of DFARS 252 227 7013 for agencies of the Department of Defense or their successors whichever is applicable 6 Use of Software in the European Community This provision applies to all Software acquired for use within the European Community If Licensee uses the Software within a country in the European Community the Software Directive enacted by the Council of European Communities Directive dated 14 May 1991 will apply to the examination of the Software to facilitate interoperability Licensee agrees to notify Nortel Networks of any such intended examination of the Software and may procure support and assistance from Nortel Networks 7 Term and termination This license is effective until terminated however all of the restrictions with respect to Nortel Networks copyright in the Software and user manuals will cease being effective at the date of expiration of the Nortel Networks copyright those restrictions relating to use and disclosure of Nortel Networks confidential information shall continue in effect Licensee may terminate this license at any time The license will automatically terminate if Licensee fails to comply with any of the terms and conditions of the license Upon termin
37. rwise click on Select All to change all clock settings or Deselect All to revert all clocks to the default setting 3 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window Choosing the Clock Source TDM initially uses the default clock You can use either the default clock or the clock from a configured connector such as the ATM T1 E1 or T1 E1 Using the BCC To set the clock source navigate to the TDM prompt for example box atm 1 1 2 1 tdm and enter clockx lt source gt x is the number that identifies clocks 1 through 8 source is the clock source you want to use For example to set the first clock source to ATM where the ATM connector is 1201 enter box atm 1 1 2 1 mode t1 atm 1 1 2 1 tdm tdm clock1 1201 309426 14 10 Rev 01 2 15 Configuring TDM Services Using Site Manager To choose a clock source enter the following commands Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The TDM Clock Parameters window click Platform gt TDM gt Clock opens Connectors 2 Highlight the clock number and select the clock source from the pull down menu 3 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window Partitioning the Timeslots Partitioning the timeslots determines the maximum number of 64 Kb s and 56 Kb s timeslots for all circuits When you partition the timeslots you must specify an eve
38. the University of California Berkeley The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from such portions of the software without specific prior written permission SUCH PORTIONS OF THE SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED AS IS AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE In addition the program and information contained herein are licensed only pursuant to a license agreement that contains restrictions on use and disclosure that may incorporate by reference certain limitations and notices imposed by third parties 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Nortel Networks NA Inc Software License Agreement NOTICE Please carefully read this license agreement before copying or using the accompanying software or installing the hardware unit with pre enabled software each of which is referred to as Software in this Agreement BY COPYING OR USING THE SOFTWARE YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT THE TERMS EXPRESSED IN THIS AGREEMENT ARE THE ONLY TERMS UNDER WHICH NORTEL NETWORKS WILL PERMIT YOU TO USE THE SOFTWARE If you do not accept these terms and conditions return the product unused and in the original shipping container within 30 days of purchase to obtain a credit for the full purchase price 1 License Grant Nortel Networks NA Inc Nortel Networks grants the end user o
39. trademarks are the property of their respective owners Restricted Rights Legend Use duplication or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 Notwithstanding any other license agreement that may pertain to or accompany the delivery of this computer software the rights of the United States Government regarding its use reproduction and disclosure are as set forth in the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52 227 19 Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability Nortel Networks NA Inc reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice Nortel Networks NA Inc does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Portions of the code in this software product may be Copyright 1988 Regents of the University of California All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of such portions are permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation advertising materials and other materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that such portions of the software were developed by
40. tti va 2 6 Disabling or Reenabling Data over a TDM Circuit pida RE ee 2 13 Sand The Clock Standar 2 14 CO SIU MS DIESER SUECO aniani a a a 2 15 Partiloning Ihe TSI e vc rie 2 16 Determining the Number of TTmeslale seen ann anana aian zaari 2 18 Setting the Data Rate in the Timeslots oia ete sabes a 2 19 MAS ON ia 2 21 309426 14 10 Rev 01 v Chapter 3 Video Conferencing Hardwaie equi ments sora ria 3 1 Setting Up a Video Conference feasted Pe re ee Een cada ee Et Wise aaa 3 3 Appendix A Site Manager Parameters QUEUE TOM Resource Parameter zn a A 2 TDM Global Fra ries A 2 Dual Synchronous PMC Parameters PH NER een aan a re a A 3 Appendix B BCC Show Commands SOM Coy CON ern di B 2 EINDEUTIG DIAS sr ne nee B 3 SHOW SUNSREO NL POSING aan B 3 show switched h110 stats ee eg Pe reg ee Be ida da B 4 a A nee B 5 cr AA A ie B 5 vi 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Figures Figure 1 1 Relationship Between ATM TDM and CES sss eee ee 1 3 Figure 3 1 Sample Video Conferencing Session Using TDM sees eee eee 3 2 309426 14 10 Rev 01 vii Tables Table 2 1 Default TDM Global Configuration Parameters sse eee ee eee eee 2 2 Table 2 2 Default TOM Circuit 61 pu an ansaa 2 2 309426 14 10 Rev 01 ix Preface This guide describes time division multiplexing TDM and what you do to customize TDM services on a Nortel Networks router You can use the Bay Command Console BCC or Sit
41. tting the Clock Standard 2 14 Choosing the Clock Source 2 15 Partitioning the Timeslots 2 16 Determining the Number of Timeslots 2 18 Setting the Data Rate in the Timeslots 2 19 Where to Go Next 221 309426 14 10 Rev 01 2 1 Configuring TDM Services Starting Configuration Tools Before you can view or change the default TDM configuration refer to the following user guides for instructions on how to start and use the Nortel Networks configuration tool of your choice Configuration Tool User Guide Bay Command Console BCC Using the Bay Command Console BCC Site Manager Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager Default TDM Configuration Parameters The following table lists the default TDM global configuration parameters Table 2 1 Default TDM Global Configuration Parameters Parameter Default Value Clock standard T1 Clock source Default clock Timeslot partition 32 channels The following table lists the default TDM circuit parameters Table 2 2 Default TDM Circuit Parameters Parameters Default Value Ability to send data over a TDM circuit Enabled Circuit type Switched H 110 Data rate within each timeslot 64 Kb s full timeslot Number of timeslots 1 2 2 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Customizing TDM Making a Switched H 110 TDM Circuit Connection By default the router uses a switched H 110 circu
42. tual channel of the PVC The header can contain a maximum of 16 VCI bits This bit range allows for channel identifiers from 32 to 65535 Note Following the recommendation of the ATM Forum virtual channel identifiers from 0 to 31 are reserved for signaling and added functionality For example the following command adds PVC 32 33 to the configuration on PVC service record ces 1422 pvc service ces1422 pve vpi 32 vci 33 pvc 32 33 Set the AAL encapsulation type of the ATM PVC to AAL 1 To set the AAL encapsulation type to AAL 1 navigate to the ATM PVC prompt for example box atm 1 1 2 1 pvc service ces1422 pvc 32 33 and enter aal type aal Set the service category of the ATM PVC to constant bit rate CBR 2 8 309426 14 10 Rev 01 Customizing TDM To set the service category to CBR navigate to the ATM PVC prompt for example box atm 1 1 2 1 pvc service ces1422 pvc 32 33 and enter service category cbr Connect a dual synchronous connector to an ATM PVC To connect the dual synchronous connector to the ATM PVC navigate to the ATM PVC prompt for example box atm 1 1 2 1 pvc service ces1422 pvc 0 130 and enter ces sslot lt slot_number gt spci slot lt pci_number gt smodule lt mod_number gt sconnector lt conn_number gt connect sslot lt s ot_number gt spci slot lt pci_number gt smodule lt mod_number gt sconnector lt connector_number gt slot_number is the slot number containing the du
43. ure TDM for local connections only unless you also configure ATM ATM provides the WAN connection that enables you to connect two remote locations for example to connect video conferencing equipment using CES See Figure 1 1 CES wd CBR PVC TDM0002A Figure 1 1 Relationship Between ATM TDM and CES Where to Go Next Use the following table to determine where to go next If you want to Go to Change default settings for TDM parameters Chapter 2 Learn how to establish a point to point video Chapter 3 conference using TDM Obtain information about Site Manager parameters Appendix A Monitor TDM using the BCC show commands Appendix B 309426 14 10 Rev 01 1 3 Chapter 2 Customizing TDM When you start your router TDM is already active and all TDM parameters use their default values However you cannot transfer TDM data until you connect both ends of the circuit Once the circuit connection is complete depending on the requirements of your network you may want to change some of the default values This chapter which describes how to connect both ends of the TDM circuit and customize TDM details includes the following information Topic Page Starting Configuration Tools 2 2 Default TDM Configuration Parameters 22 Making a Switched H 110 TDM Circuit Connection 2 3 Making a CES H 110 TDM Circuit Connection 2 6 Disabling or Reenabling Data over a TDM Circuit 213 Se
44. when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show ip alerts routes you must enter either show ip alerts or show ip routes but not both Indicate optional elements in syntax descriptions Do not type the brackets when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show ip interfaces alerts you can enter either show ip interfaces or show ip interfaces alerts Indicate that you repeat the last element of the command as needed Example If the command syntax is ethernet 2 1 lt parameter gt lt value gt you enter ethernet 2 1 and as many parameter value pairs as needed xii 309426 14 10 Rev 01 italic text screen text separator gt vertical line Acronyms Preface Indicates file and directory names new terms book titles and variables in command syntax descriptions Where a variable is two or more words the words are connected by an underscore Example If the command syntax is show at lt valid_route gt valid_route is one variable and you substitute one value for it Indicates system output for example prompts and system messages Example Set Trap Monitor Filters Shows menu paths Example Protocols gt IP identifies the IP option on the Protocols menu Separates choices for command keywords and arguments Enter only one of the choices Do not type the vertical line when entering the command Example If the command syntax is sh
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