CAPRA – Computer Assisted Pest Risk Analysis User`s manual
Contents
1. very unlikely x unlikely _ moderately likely likely very likely Concentration will depend on the population dynamics 4 anxius is present typically at low density although in this situation some trees might still be heavily infested Concentration is likely to be high in forests only during outbreaks Outbreaks are infrequent in space and time Jones et al 1993 Haack amp Petrice unpublished data Wood chips are typically made of low quality wood Trees used to produce wood chips are more likely to have a high concentration of A anxius than trees used to produce logs There are no cultivation practices in forests that would limit the association of A i anxius with this nahay However the oracess_of wood chinning is likely to reduce the concentration wond chins are E 2 05 Consider the volume of movement along the pathway for periods when the pest is likely to be associated with it how likely is it that this volume will support entry i _ very unlikely CAPRA version 2 45 oo eo no GOOG RRR This appears when a note is available for the question When you click on the button the note will appear 9 This appears when useful internet links are available This appears when examples are available for the question When you click on the button the examples will appear By clicking on this button guidance on how to decide on the level on uncertainty is given This appears when2. Degree of uncertainty and 3 zR point mbar 1 02 d Incicate the taxonomic position 1 03 Clearly define the PRA area 1 04 Does a relevant earlier PRA exist Save all pictures Sl O Stage 3 Pest Risk Management Fit screen _ experimental indude conditions C Debug indude internal id C Debug keep av file CAPRA graph Section 1 Stage 1 Initiation EPPO 2011 erp RA Matrix models Genie Concept Matrix models multi attribute decision models using qualitative risk matrices have been developed for combining and summarizing the answers given to the individual questions of the entry establishment spread and impacts sections with a separate model for the environmental impact sub questions Their objective is to help providing consistency across assessments and assessors to facilitate the drawing of conclusions for the different sections and to visualize the answers chosen by the assessor and the result of their combination The models use as input values the risk rating 5 rating classes in general and 3 rating classes for the environmental impact and the level of uncertainty 3 levels chosen by the assessor They provide combination rules and summary ratings In CAPRA these are visualized using open source software Genie t When deciding on an overall rating and the level of uncertainty for the conclusion of each section expert judgment provided by risk assessors is considered to
3. CAPRA can be personalized Click on Options This button is only available in the Home section Sections Options General General z Options ae es General o 28 CAPRA Network Language English G Proxy Author SOE Debug options v Automatic update v Skip introduction Always preview justification much slower W W Save amp Close C3 Close e You may choose the language of the buttons e The author field will be used as author name in the PRA e If Automatic update is ticked the software will automatically check every time you launch it whether an update is available This option is selected by default You will be asked if you want to download the upgrade We strongly recommend that you install it e f you wish that a preview of justifications is always provided tick the box This may slow down your computer Proxy If your network uses a PROXY server for internet access you should fill carefully the corresponding fields The Proxy configuration is used to verify the updates of the program If you have any doubt regarding this information ask your IT officer EPPO 2011
4. Probability of the pest survivin Probability of transfer to a suit Wood chips containing Betula spp originating from where the pest occurs in Canada and in the USA A lt lt lt Previous e701 2 03 How likely is the pest to be associated with the pathway at the point s of origin taking into account the biology of the pest amp Probability of entry 2 11 amp Consideration of further pathways very unlikely Conclusion on the probability of e unlikely END END moderately likely likely very likely A anxius is associated with birch in forests throughout the distribution of its native host species in North America see answer to question 7 Imported wood chips might be used for paper energy production fibreboard production or as mulch UNECE 2009 Kopinga et al 2010 They might be composed purely of birch or mixed with other hardwood species Mixed hardwood wood chips might contain a limited amount of birch wood which would lower the likelihood of association with the pathway Wood chips are often produced from lower quality trees which increases the probability of infestation Dme to the hfe cvcle of the nest larvae might he nresent in the wond at anv time of the vear As the life ceucle of 4 halka x 50 2 04 How likely is the pest to be associated with the pathway at the point s of origin taking into account current management conditions
5. THE DATASETS COLLECTED To view the datasets click on view Once you are in one group of datasets you can select the datasets based on the quality criteria you want as well as on the type of information you are looking for e g in the dataset group 1 taxonomy environmental official Phytosanitary measures Please note that you also can propose new datasets in the different categories click on propose Description Pest in current area of distribution VIEW Propose Pathways and economic datasets VIEW Propose Area under consideration for the PRA VIEW Propose Pest management VIEW Propose EPPO 2011 Acar RA Descriptors were identified for each dataset The descriptors were chosen to reflect the categories of information needed when performing a PRA according to the EPPO Decision support scheme for PRA and thus allow the datasets to be linked to specific sections or questions when relevant of the scheme Select the criteria you are interested in and filter the datasets by descriptors and quality details are given in the dataset explorer and the quality assessment process and definition of quality scores Dataset e l System Pest in current area of distribution meri a crag official pest taxo geog host economic envir phyto control Alien plant Invaders of vaan i Plant Conservation Alliance s Alien Plant Working Australian Plant Pest Database Australia s Virtual Herbarium est risk assessments for each
6. adopted in 2009 EPPO version 2009 a PRA scheme taking into account the work packages developed within PRATIQUE PRA for PRATIQUE the decision support scheme for eradication which is the outcome of work package 5 of PRATIQUE It is not a PRA per se but it is a tool to be used to decide on measures to be applied in case an outbreak is found The language of the scheme and the number of the version under CAPRA as well as the last update is given New PRA Title of your PRA Pra on blablabla Template Please select the PRA template Language Version Last update EPPO version 2009 2011 01 07 EPPO Decision support scheme for quarantine ee version ae z PRA for PRATIQUE 49 2011 01 07 Test for PRATIQUE Project DSS Eradication 2011 01 10 Test for PRATIQUE Project a Ok E cancel A CAPRA work file with the extension capra has now been created This file will be used by the programme to save the data By default all capra files are stored in the CAPRA_Works directory While you are working backups are created every 10 minutes but answers to questions are automatically saved as soon as you go to the next 7 Enregistrer sous x JG m K Damien Mes documents CAPRA Works gt v Rechercher dans CAPRA_Wor D Organiser v Nouveau dossier j v vo Modifi le TEA erate Nom Modifi le Type Taille R Bureau di Backups 10 01 2011 17 19 Dossier de fichiers Emplacements r cer N Reports 10 01 2011
7. chips imported to Norway in 2010 for a wood pellet production factory chips from 1 6 to 22 9 cm measured along their maximum length were found kland Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute pers comm 2010 In the Netherlands the common maximum chip size is 200 mm which accounts for ether of the dimensions although chips are normally flake shaped Kopinga et al 2010 According to Kopinga et al 2010 there are no data on the average size of chips that are sold to power plants nor on the probability that chips exceed certain sizes e g 2 5 cm long After visiting several wood chip factories in the US Roberts amp Kuchera 2006 found that none of the chip piles consistently contained only chips of one inch 2 5 cm or smaller Some chips were observed to carry live adult 4 planipenmis Several trees were given a primary grinding which resulted m many small wood chips one inch or less but which also resulted in a few larger x Close chips for example 1 inch by 6 inches 2 5 by 15 cm Approximately 4 5 kg of bark chips were collected and dissected for i EPPO 2011 L Dataset explorer When you are ina section you have access to a dataset explorer The lack of data is a major challenge in pest risk analysis PRA worldwide In order to identify appropriate sources of information several projects have been launched with the objective of assembling datasets that contain information useful for pest risk analysts
8. pest limited number of dstasheets Up to Date atalogue of Life ar a Common Names of Plant Diseases Ea a ie A ew A _ PPO Pest Alerts ore Wes aie S G G Sii Plant Protection esaurus Sii PPO is completly revising PQR now and is developing an EPPO global database which will also EPPO PQR MOPE include datasheets distribution maps and the layout worldwide is desa different from the current POR more er friendly Available by e mail on request can be downloaded add dind gages om the website In the future will be available dind sro ah POR Featured Creatures USAFlorida A a _ahways a good source of information ee AEN EA EE EE EOE EOR E PERAN VEE IPEE Eee ane nmn ne TN thie deeevintinn and link sheild ha kant EPPO 2011 erp RA Gen Graph This tool is to help assessor visualize the relationships between questions within one section It is mainly a tool to help in the development of the software itself Select the section on the left and the visualisation will appear on the right E Generate Graph ick on section to see graph BE GIN atiii 1 01 Give the reason for performing the PRA t Section B Probability of entry of a pes Section B Condusion of introduction 1 02a Enter the name of the pestPest name what you en O Section B Probability of spread 1 02b Indicate the type of the pest gt Section B Assessment of potential ecg 1 02 c1t other specify Section B
9. 1 E 2 07U 2 08 How likely is the ll 2 08S E 2 08U 2 09 How likely is the fll 2 098 2 10 Under current in E 2 10S Average ENTERS Maximum on O Minimum 5 Matrices Hama 9 C Sag gt The modified average rounds up aggregating when greater than 3 and down the scores Minimum gt gt Modified average gt when less than 3 The case manager will appear on the top of the graphic L 69 2 03 How likely is itt 1 Choose an uncertainty distribution gt gt 2 Choose Scores S and Unceratinties U right click S or U and set decision EES es ER Led Ee La Gee Ld Bee Ce Ge m E No evidence IE No targets Select the pathway that you want study by clicking on the first cell Name and press on the play button Apply GeNle genie4703 xdsl main model n File Edit View Tools Network Mode Layout Window Help SHa LS AIR COCOMeEO A Fw o gt amp l o 0 oF 0 Draft modified matrix model structure for Er rea fea Iinrertaintsr osa Networkl genied 703 0 Sart rC FA Urna liee pe T t 4 Chace an one netainty iet riant EPPO 2011 L Example of outcome of the model for the Entry section For 2 06 answer is medium with medium uncertainty This can be visualized here and in the table above The rating is For 2 03 answer is medium with high uncertainty The rating is distributed over the 5 G
10. 17 31 Dossier de fichiers sb T l chargements PY Temp 24 09 2010 21 19 Dossier de fichiers N test_files 02 09 2010 14 10 Dossier de fichiers a Biblioth ques TZ B invadens test in Tunisia capra 26 11 2010 13 01 CAPRA File 2 520 Ko Documents Ei Candidatus_Liberibacter_solanacearum c 10 12 2010 11 26 CAPRA File 331 Ko Ral Images Z dz capra 16 11 2010 18 10 CAPRA File 367 Ko a Musique F test capra 16 11 2010 07 04 CAPRA File 364 Ko ER Vid os R Ordinateur amp Disque local C B Lecteur de DVD E E P riph rique de stoc G2 Dev 192 168 1 4 Y R seau Nom du fichier m Type l CAPRA file capra X a Cacher les dossiers Annuler EPPO 2011 Acar RA Home page Section list The example below is for the PRATIQUE PRA but a similar screen is provided for other schemes used within CAPRA The Name of the file that you have given is noted at the top of the page Upper part of the screen red rectangle Close this PRA to close the current work file Change PRA Title to change the title Generate Report to generate a report and export data see specific page Gen Graph by clicking on this button you will be able to visualize the relationship between questions within one section see specific page Sections nt GS Change PRA Title l Generate report aen Graph Section tools Externals to ee m Stage 1 Initiation Stage 1 Initiation Decription 1 to7 The aim of th
11. Organization in the Framework of the European Union 7th oepp Framework Programme project PRATIQUE Grant Agreement No 212459 eppo It is intended to assist pest risk analysts in running the EPPO decision support scheme for Pest Risk Analysis PRA and the decision support scheme for generating contingency plans and prioritizing action during outbreaks Agrilus anxius test CAPRA Apr i1i capra My O Begin a new PRA documents CAPRA_Works Agrilus_anxius_test_CAPRA_Apr_11 capra Drosophila suzukii test final capra My documents CAPRA_Works Drosophila_suzukii test final capra test capra My documents CAPRA_Works test capra Example _pest capra pm Open existing PRA on your computer TMy documents CAPRA_Works Example_pest capra Open existing PRA Eradication ring rot capra My documents CAPRA_Works Eradication_ring_rot capra CAPRA version 2 49 mmnm e QO mm To work with CAPRA you are given the choices between creating a new work file on your computer open existing work files on your computer open recent files In the future a team mode will be included so that several experts will be able to work on the same file EPPO 2011 Beginning a new work If you select Begin a new PRA a window opens where you can enter the title and select the appropriate template Currently 3 templates are available the last approved version of EPPO decision support scheme for PRA equivalent to EPPO Standard PM 5 3 4
12. PO 2011 L Search answer m PRA Apr EE i Questionnaire Show Left Menu T I l mp L Search Dataset Go tosectionlist Tr Save Script Debug lt lt lt Previous Next gt gt gt tagNote Answer Explorer AutoFill By clicking on the button Search answer and selecting a number you can visualize the answer you have given for a question in any section Click on Close to close the window Z s3800 ACE Question How likely is the pest to be associated with the pathway at the point s of origin taking into account current management conditions Answer unlikely Level of uncertainty low 2 03 Wood chips containing 2 04 Wood chips containing 2 05 Wood chips containing Concentration will depend on the population dynamics 4 anxius is present typically at low density although in this SA aie s situation some trees might still be heavily infested Concentration is likely to be high in forests only during outbreaks a ar samara Outbreaks are infrequent in space and time Jones ef al 1993 Haack amp Petrice unpublished data Wood chips are S sa man deans alas typically made of low quality wood Trees used to produce wood chips are more likely to have a high concentration of 4 e 10 Wood a l l anxius than trees used to produce logs There are no cultivation practices in forests that would limit the association of A 2 11 Wond dips aming anxius with this pathway However the proces
13. SETS FOR PRA Introduction The lack of data is a major challenge in pest risk analysis PRA worldwide In order to identify appropriate sources of information several projects have been launched with the objective of assembling datasets that contain information useful for pest risk analysts The datasets presented in this section mainly result from two projects e PRATIQUE a European Union 7th framework programme project e Prassis acronym of Pest risk assessment in the European Community inventory of data sources a project launched by the European and Food Safety Authority In both project an inventory of the key national European and global datasets required for the production of PRAs relevant to the whole Europe has been made The inventories made by the two projects have been exchanged Datasets gathered by both projects are consequently included in the dataset explorer The datasets included in the dataset explorer are grouped as follows e Information on the pest in its current area of distribution s Information on pathways including trade production and economic datasets s Information on the area under consideration for the PRA s Information on pest management Warning it should be noted that both projects identified gaps in the information sources e g trade data economic data data on phytosanitary measures so the assessor should not expect to find all necessary information for performing a PRA in these datasets READ MORE ON
14. The datasets presented in the dataset explorer mainly result from two projects e PRATIQUE a European Union 7th framework programme project e Prassis acronym of Pest risk assessment in the European Community inventory of data sources a project launched by the European and Food Safety Authority In both project an inventory of the key national European and global datasets required for the production of PRAs relevant to the whole Europe has been made The inventories made by the two projects have been exchanged Datasets gathered by both projects are consequently included in the dataset explorer The datasets included in the dataset explorer are grouped as follows e Information on the pest in its current area of distribution e Information on pathways including trade production and economic datasets e Information on the area under consideration for the PRA e Information on pest management Warning it should be noted that both projects identified gaps in the information sources e g trade data economic data data on phytosanitary measures so the assessor should not expect to find all necessary information for performing a PRA in these datasets Click on the button dataset explorer E Home Questionnaire Script Debug lt lt lt Previous Next gt gt gt Go tosection list Auto Fill Global Navigation Show Left Menu Add tag ote Answer Dataset Explorer The following screen will appear USEFUL DATA
15. and pupae could survive on this pathway they would first need to survive the chipping process and then emerge after import and before the intended use i e destructive processes and transfer most a 53e1601_1 2 1 1b Tools Genie entry The Visualiser does no processing of the data but uses bubble graphs to show the given score on a numerical five point scale on the y axis while the size of the bubble shows the uncertainty the experts associated with that score the greater the uncertainty the larger the bubble A small bubble represents greater confidence a narrower focus on the target score Colour coding of the bubbles shows the thematic cluster for each group of questions Overall summary scores and uncertainty for each category are displayed as greys bars in the background of the bubble chart A very dark grey bar shows Low uncertainty in the chosen score but becomes less dark and the surrounding grey areas are more diffuse as uncertainty in the summary score increases The software makes it easy for the user to view the question associated with each score the question is viewed by floating the mouse cursor over each bubble The picture can be copied to clipboard to be added to the justification for the conclusion a Association and movement on pathway V Likely Likely Transported M likely l BB Arrives Unlikely 2 08 Transfers V Unlikely EPPO 2011 RA Options Some functions of
16. be crucial This is the reason why in CAPRA you are asked to decide on the overall rating and on the level of uncertainty before being able to run the matrix model Although these models have been developed and tested on a number of examples they may not be adapted to all pests or situations scenarios When as an expert you are confident in your judgment you may decide to maintain this judgment in case where the outcome of the model does not match it However as the model allows you to visualize ratings and uncertainty levels chosen for individual questions in a section and in particular identify answers which have the highest weight you may decide to change one or more answers and visualize the consequences of such change on the overall outcome This model is also useful when there are divergences between experts ona rating level of uncertainty to a specific question experts may try to change the answers and see how it impacts the overall outcomes Levels of uncertainty by default rules are set in the matrix models to distribute your judgement across different rating classes depending on the level of uncertainty chosen e g over 3 different rating classes when uncertainty is medium over 5 when it is high If assessors are certain of their answer or only hesitate between 2 scores they may change the distribution manually in the software Combination of questions matrices are defined to combine questions and uncertainties in a block of 2 questions
17. ber of individuals or low inoculums be able to start a population For answering this question also consider that Allee effects competition and natural enemies may prevent population survival if only a small number of individuals are present but e g long distance pheromones could help mate finding If you do not answer a question which is obligatory a warning will appear P rs2ese0 0 1 03 Clearly define the PRA area Justifications Some justifications to questions are obligatory they are highlighted in red some are not and are highlighted in green s1 800_0 1 02d Indicate the taxonomic position s1es00_0 1 03 Clearly define the PRA area EPPO region EPPO 2011 L CAPRA To provide a detailed justification click on Edit Anew window will open and offer the possibility to have edited text with pictures tables etc Edit Table L as Replace Paste Find Find Next A times new roman ES Insert table E B Save amp Close x Close Picture pga A 2 04 How likely is the pest to be associated with the pathway at the point s of origin taking into account current management conditions DD A BD MD AD MM Concentration will depend on the population dynamics A anxius is present typically at low density although in this situation some trees might still be heavily infested Concentration is likely to be high in forests only during outbreaks Outb
18. by clicking Skip This will allow you to go to the next question but you will have to provide a justification to finalize your PRA sse200_0 4 01 What is the most likely rate of spread by natural means in the PRA area Guidance T very low rate of spread lt low rate of spread moderate rate of spread gt high rate of spread __ very high rate of spread EPPO 2011 4 CAPRA Examples Some examples of pests previously evaluated in PRAs are provided to help answering some questions Click on the button to access them d s7E100_0 5 01 How great a negative effect does the pest have on crop yield and or quality of cultivated plants or on control costs within its current area of distribution Rhabdoscelusobscurus Minor to moderate s Palm trees Minor to Moderate Halfpapp amp Storey 1991 performed a survey of 22 palm murseries in Queensland Australia and interviewed the growers of these nurseries Seventeen out of the 22 growers had problems with E obscurus ranging from mild to severe The 5 nurseries without the problems with the palm weevil were either recently established or had heavy chemical control programs which suggested that frequent application of insecticides may thy control the weevil According to NIAA 1998 K obscurus is a serious problem to palm growers in Queensland and causes a loss of onfidence in palms in public and private landscaping Presently the palm nursery i
19. e initiation stage is to identify the pest whict elation to the identified PRA ares Stage 2 Pest Risk Assessment Section A Pest categorization 8 to 19 Status Section B Probability of entry of a pest 2 01 to 2 14 Last modification 2011 05 03 14 Progress Section B Probability of establishment 3 01 to 3 21 Section B Conclusion of introduction C intro Section B Probability of spread 4 01 to 4 05 Section B Assessment of potential economic consequences 5 01 to 5 16 Section B Eradication containment of the pest and transient populations Section B Degree of uncertainty and Conclusion of the pest risk assessment Stage 3 Pest Risk Management 7 01 to 7 45 CAPRA version 2 39 LAA T m m m Left part of the screen green rectangle The different sections of the PRA are listed with their title and the number Stage 2 Pest Risk Assessment Section A Pest categorization of questions A horizontal bar colours in green as the work progress on the Qst 8 to 19 left Section A is half finished Section B is not yet began n Section B Probability of entry of a pest Qst 2 01 to 2 14 Central part of the screen orange rectangle A short description of the objective of the section is given The status finished or not and the date of the last modification is also given Relevant indicators flags for each module will also be displayed EPPO 2011 erp RA You should in any case begin w
20. e selecteg In brdad terms a Beta distribution gives more weight to the centre of the distribution and the truncated normal more weight to the tails of the distribution JH 11 11 2010 Ld Sunsivec undetected im Ready 19 evidence nodes E3 No targets This is anode to question 2 04 and 2 05 The color of the node indicates the type of matrix used to combine Legend for the color of matrices answers Final outcome for the Entry section for a specific pathway EPPO 2011 L Visualizer To help assessors concluding on a section a tool named Vizualiser is provided Click on the button Vizualiser This is available at the end of the entry establishment spread and impacts sections 2 11 Probability of entry Wood chips containing Betula spp originating from where the pest occurs in Canada and in the USA lt lt lt Previous E s3 1600_1 2 11 The probability of entry for the pathway should be described Visualizer L 7 very unlikely ie ly _ moderately likely gt likely very likely Levelof uncertainty A probability of entry is low to medium with medium uncertainty Even if the likelihood of association or concentration on the pathway is not high the probability of entry would be increased by the volume of the commodity traded There are constraints for entry on this pathway i e only JT instars that have completed feeding prepupae
21. eNle genie2643 xdsl ait odel S File Edit View Tools Network Node Layout Windo OSE 4 2B MRD COCm IG vie zB z 28 distributed over 3 classes ENER classes SL Emma LZ L Only the questions in the light yellow boxes need to be answered whereas the others are generated x Tree View E A Networkl genie2643 x 2 03 How likely is it th E 2 03S E 203U 2 04 How likely is it t L 2 045 E 2 04U 2 05 Consider the vo E 2 05S E 205U ke 2 06 Consider the fre E 2 06S E 2 06U 2 07 How likely is the E 2 07S E 2 07U 2 08 How likely is the _ 2 2 085 F E 2 08U _ 2 09 How likely is the E 2095 E 2 09U a 2 10 Under current in E 2 108 E 2 0U 2 11 How likely is the E 2411S E 2 11U Le F D Ea ees 29 d ests ZT The modified average rounds up when greater than 3 and down when less than 3 S Matrices i Minimum aggregating vy N a a ge rs Modified average the scores Minimum f i Movements E Moves This model structure differg fro that developed for Prima phacie in two respects 1 Q2 03 amp 2 04 are considered separately and aggregated by taking the minimum of the two 2 Q2 10 is i included and is aggregateg w 09 by taking the minimum of the two The pre defined Beta uncertainty distribution is the same as thatJused in IRIS As an alternative a truncated normal distribution my b
22. eaa CAPRA Computer Assisted Pest Risk Analysis User s manual Version 4 2 Please note that this is a Draft comments are welcomed to make it more user friendly Content irodai e H H 2 Baa T EEEE AA N AE EEE E E E E TN 3 Installing CAPRA and updates en enn ee eee eee ere eee ere rrr aeaeaei 4 NOG r e E E a eeiestaeeasanuieaeioneimseisukee E E 4 Fano CAPRA o eer E E ayueseae sane saw soe seat eaaa name na ea uate maaan nase wee eesaneaaery cee K E Ia ERIE CAPRA aoa esrne ec cs eaneatencn asc cementinn aan O N EE EAEE EO 6 PS I E e TT 7 Homne PS R Te T ac setts cesses ssc sec sce we oe setae can cdeconen ecenecaapcasoeoeedes ncanananaaarecamacceanaranaceceae 8 QS ETS a5 sass teeta sa dace cn T N E E E 10 List of buttons available in the questionnaire s sess aaan 10 Ioe aE E E E E E E E E E 11 OOE Te PE E E E E E E E E A A E E ee 12 AAE e E o E TEE E T A AE 12 Sie 14 Generate a report OF L 15 TOO IS anc ss RE APR Pisa ssesessscecsccescotsenescecscsapsvincosnaees ance EPE EREE ra 16 PROG Ta 16 BG APCS Wy E A E E revere oes E esses E ease es aceaee cadens 17 P SON spree E E esas ieee atetteee te ueictrstaat teats retreat teen ences elaee tec eae 18 SEA e i EIEE ea ce x ce vu ge seo enna n ooct as deen veda tetra E 20 DAI TMOG E 21 Ke I E N N E A E 24 OPUS eearri E E E EE E E E E EE E 25 EPPO 2011 Introduction CAPRA is a software developed by EPPO within the PRATIQUE project to assist pest risk analys
23. guidance is available for the question When you click on the button the guidance will appear To run matric models with Genie To run the Vizualizer tool EPPO 2011 L A nswering questions in a section al Home Questionnaire l 9 Ra l ionli i Add tagNote Search Answer Go tosection list S Save Script Debug lt lt lt Previous Next gt gt gt g Global Questions 1 01 gt gt 1 04 a 1 01 gt gt 1 04 3 l F l z L 1 06 gt gt 1 07 The EPPO pest risk assessment scheme for quarantine pests assesses the potential importance of a particular pest for a defined area the PRA area Q END END The PRA area may be the whole EPPO member countries or any part of it This version of the EPPO scheme is concerned only with pest initiated PRA For pathway initiated PRAs each pest should be evaluated separately in an independent session The system does not allow an overall conclusion for a pathway initiated analysis d s1 200_0 1 01 Give the reason for performing the PRA Identification of a single pest O A pestis evaluated in the framework of a pathway initiated analysis _ Other reason s1 s00_0 1 02a Enter the name of the pest Pest name what you enter here will appear as a heading Agus anxius 1600 0 1 02b Indicate the type of the pest arthropod L 7 nematode bacterium O fungus or fungus ike D phytoplasma C virus or virus ike paras
24. gy policy to 2020 although North America is not the only source of hardwood chips and supply of chips from other continents e g South America is also growing UNECE 2009 Notes For some questions notes are included to help understanding the questions Click on VA to see them EPPO 2011 L CAPRA Guidance Guidance is also available for some questions Click on the button Guidance and a new window will open Some guidance is just text some is composed of subquestions that will automatically generate a rating for the question s4 3100_0 3 17 How likely are the reproductive strategy of the pest and the duration of its life cycle to aid establishment 2 Guidance Guidance Can the pest exhibit parthenogenesis for invertebrates or asexual reproduction Is the Yes pest plant apomictic self crossing or does it use vegetative propagation 9 No Does the pest have a short life cycle and more than one generation per year Does the pest have a resting stage during its life cycle that can be used to survive environmental conditions that are unsuitable for growth and development Or other conditions exist that enhance survival e g does the pest plant produce viable seeds or does it have a dormant stage Does the pest have a high intrinsic rate of increase e g a prolific propagule production one female can lay many eggs Can the pest create a persistent seed bank or offspring bank Could a relatively low num
25. he installation one option is pre selected Run CAPRA A directory CAPRA_Works is created under the directory my documents This directory will contain future working files CAPRA Work unit as well as backup files Updates If any update of the software is available you will be automatically proposed to update it when launching the programme you may deselect this feature in the Options EPPO 2011 erp RA Running CAPRA When launching the programme the following screen will appear first a Introduction oepp eppo PRATIQUE CAPRA Computer Assisted Pest Risk Analysis CAPRA is a software developed by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization in the Framework of the European Union 7th Framework Programme project PRATIQUE Grant Agreement No 212459 It is intended to assist pest risk analysts in running the EPPO decision support scheme for Pest Risk Analysis PRA and the decision support scheme for generating contingency plans and prioritizing action during outbreaks Skin bis screen next time Close Please read the introduction and close it to begin using CAPRA You may tick the box at the bottom of the page to skip this screen next time EPPO 2011 Create or open a CAPRA file Home lt E PRATIQUE Options General Websites P R ATI QU L CAPRA Computer Assisted Pest Risk Analysis CAPRA is a software developed by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection
26. ith the Initiation section as this may influence the other questions to be answered e g you will be asked the type of pest under analysis e g arthropod plant and only relevant questions and examples will be presented in the following questions To access a module click on the arrow Q EPPO 2011 L CAPRA Questionnaire Each section includes several questions which may be presented on different screens Som introductoty text is usually provided for each section Please read it as it is useful By default on the left the list of questions answered for the section is provided You may also click on this list to go to previous or next questions If you wish to see only the questions press the button Show Left Menu to hide the list of questions To go back to section list To go to next or previous screen APR a i Explanations how to use ome Questionnaire iven i o tosection list F sve Script Debug lt lt Previous Next gt amend K ed these tools ele N n Mls 1 section Tools included in Tools L L Questions 2 03 gt gt 2 06 Probability of the pest being associated with the individual pathway at origin CAPRA of this manual amp Identification of pathways 2 01 amp Choice of the pathway 2 02 4 Wood chips containing Betula spp Probability of the pest being as Probability of survival during tr
27. itic plant O non parasitic plant _ other s1e800_0 1 02d Indicate the taxonomic position Order Coleoptera Family Buprestidae d s1e300_0 1 03 Clearly define the PRA area i CAPRA version 2 40 Rm 01 GOO m mm You have to answer all questions successively Some questions are simply answered by ticking a box some are free text see above Most questions are composed of different elements a rating a level of uncertainty and a justification 2 05 Consider the volume of movement along the pathway for periods when the pest is likely to be associated with it how likely is it that this volume will support entry This should be estimated on the basis 6f quantities of the traded commodity packing materials peysons baggage mail and conveyances on a yearly basis For natural spr ad movement of the pest sould be estimated as far as possile usually little information is available L 7 very unlikely L 7 unlikely C 7 moderately likely ie likely i verv likely There are no specific data on imports of birch as wood chips Le pure versus mixed proportion of birch in mixed wood chips However the of hardwood wood chips from North America to certain countries of the PRA area is rapidly increasing see USA and Canada export statistics in Appendix 2 Analysis anticipates that this increase will continue to allow EU countries to meet the targets of the EU ener
28. ize of 2 5 cm will guarantee this length only in 2 dimensions while the third dimension can vary e g 2 5 x 2 5 x 10 cm For example McCullough et al 2007 reported a maximum chip size of 14 x 4 x 2 5 cm when a 10 cm square screen was used and 12 x 2 5 x 1 cm when a2 5 cm square screen was used Similarly in a survey of a boat load of hardwood wood chips imported to Norway in 2010 for a wood pellet production factory chips from 1 6 to 22 9 cm measured along their maximum length were found Okland Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute pers comm 2010 In the Netherlands the common maximum chip size is 200 mm which accounts for either of the dimensions although chips are normally flake shaped Kopinga et al 2010 According to Kopinga et al 2010 there are no data on the average size of chips that are sold to power plants nor on the probability that chips exceed certain sizes e g 2 5 cm long After visiting several wood chip factories in the US Roberts amp Kuchera 2006 found that none of the chip piles consistently contained only chips of one inch 2 5 cm or smaller Some chips were observed to carry live adult A planipennis Several trees View pagel Pagel of 1 CAPRA version 2 40 mmm 04 GOOG m mm When you have answered green colour appears around the question Answers to questions are automatically Saved as soon as you go to the next question It is possible to skip temporarily the justification to one question
29. lorer m AutoFill Navigation When you are ina section you have access to the tool Add tagNote Click on the button and a red square will appear Click on it to open a window You may write notes to remind you important points You may change the colour of the square by selecting another colour in the drop down menu this is useful to have a colour code for different kinds of information or for different persons reviewing the document Click anywhere on your screen to close the window only the square will be visible Click Delete if you don t need the note any longer d s3e700_1 2 03 How likely is the pest to be associated with the pathway at the point s of origin taking into account the biology of the pest PORE barier This need to be ted once more information is berne A anxius is associated with birch in forests throughout the dis h America see answer to question 7 Imported wood chips might be wed fase ion or as mulch UNECE 2009 Kopinga et al CE They might be compos dwood species Mixed hardwood wood chips might contain a limited amount of pd of association with the pathway Wood chips are often produced 1 from lower q of infestation Dine to the hfe cucle of the nest larvae might he nresent im th life cucle of A hi s3e800_1 2 04 How likely is the pest to be associated with the J into account current management conditions Gd gt EP
30. ndustry nm Queensland and New South Wales report minor occurrence of this pest on a cyclical basis Palm growers use organophosphate insecticides when K obscurus is encountered and consider it to be a minor pest pers comm M Ashton Biosecurity Queensland Australia EPPO 2011 S erp RA Generate a report of PRA You may generate a report of your PRA including all relevant questions and your answers in different formats Word Excel XML gt t Clickon Ee at the top on the section list page For Word it is possible to choose between a text inline or a table format Column By defaults notes to questions are not included in the report to save space but you may choose to include them by ticking Add notes The first page of your report may also be customized Edit first page Formatting options When answers include ratings they may be aligned on left or on right of the page Breakpages may be included automatically between pathways Generate report of Excel Generate Word file lt D XML Column Add Notes Edit first page Formating Answers Y Use breakpage beetwen pathways Align left Align right Debug Add XML node T Generate open after generate 7 EPPO 2011 L Tools included in CAPRA Add tagNote IS Home Questionnaire Show Left Menu i ee Bez Go tosectionlist Save Script Debug lt lt lt Previous Exp
31. node It is possible also to manually modify the node value in the software which is equivalent to combine questions differently Matrix model in CAPRA To access matrix model in CAPRA click on Genie entry This is available at the end of the entry establishment spread and impacts sections C 2 11 The probabity of entry for the pathway shoukl be desorbed Genie software will open note it needs to be first installed on your computer If you don t have it download it from here The system will generate temporary file with need answers http genie sis pitt edu about html genie If the model does not match your judgement please provide feedback to EPPO Secretariat so that the model may be reconsidered EPPO 2011 Once genie is started click on menu view gt case manager CTRL ALT C GeNle genie4703 xdsl main model oS amp Te 2 File Edit View Tools Network Node Layout Window Help x OSES 2S M ROCOCCMOOSA FO 2 F ma Glo v a Ol Bz FSBO 4 ASI S F tt el Glo 2 e Case Manager x axe del lz ivie Nemes ager Draft modified matrix model structure for Entry Pratique4 11 11 10 c E lt 8 Networki genie4703 x fl 2 035 2 04 How likely is it t E 2 045 ll 2 04U 2 05 Consider the vo C E 2 05S E 2 05U 2 06 Consider the fre E 2 06S ll 2 06U 207 How likely is the B N S L 1
32. reaks are infrequent in space and time Jones ef al 1993 Haack amp Petrice unpublished data Wood chips are typically made of low quality wood Trees used to produce wood chips are more likely to have a high concentration of A anxius than trees used to produce logs There are no cultivation practices in forests that would limit the association of A anxius With this pathway However the process of wood chipping is likely to reduce the concentration wood chips are processed through grinding or chipping which cut the wood into pieces and expose large amounts of the wood surface to drying This is likely to kill actively feeding larvae but survival of prepupal larvae and pupae would be possible in wood chips greater than e g 2 5 cm in each dimension Wood chips have been shown to carry viable prepupae of the related species A planipennis depending on the process and treatments applied and in particular depending upon the size of the resulting chips McCullough et al 2007 As A planipennis and A anxius larvae and pupae are of similar width and length it can be extrapolated that A anxius larvae and pupae may also survive the chipping process It should be stressed that not much research has been performed up to now and it is therefore not possible to give a definitive minimal size for the chips to support survival of the pest Furthermore there is a wide variation in the size of wood chips which can be quite large A screen with a maximum s
33. s of wood chipping is likely to reduce the concentration wood chips are 2 Lib Wood chips cantainin 7 processed through grinding or chipping which cut the wood into pieces and expose large amounts of the wood surface to drying This is likely to kil actively feeding larvae but survival of prepupal larvae and pupae would be possible in wood chips greater than e g 2 5 cm in each dimension Wood chips have been shown to carry viable prepupae of the related species A planipennis depending on the process and treatments applied and in particular depending upon the size of the resulting chips McCullough er al 2007 As A Planipennis and A aroxius larvae and pupae are of similar width and length it can be extrapolated that A anxius larvae and pupae may also survive the chipping process It should be stressed that not much research has been performed up to now and it is therefore not possible to give a definitive minimal size for the chips to support survival of the pest Furthermore there is a wide variation in the size of wood chips which can be quite large A screen with a maximum size of 2 5 cm will guarantee this length only m 2 dimensions while the third dimension can vary e g 2 5 x 2 5 x 10 cm For example McCullough ef al 2007 reported a maximum chip size of 14 x 4 x 2 5 cm when a 10 cm square screen was used and 12 x 2 5 x 1 cm when a 2 5 cm square screen was used Similarly in a survey of a boat load of hardwood wood
34. ts in running the EPPO decision support scheme for Pest Risk Analysis PRA and other decision support schemes It presents all questions of the scheme in a user friendly interface For most questions guidance and examples are given It also provide tools for assessor to help them doing their work and harmonizing outcomes of PRAs for different pests and by different analysts e g the Visualizer and risk matrices to combine answers For some questions link to relevant databases are included This work is supported by the European Union 7th Framework Programme project PRATIQUE Grant Agreement No 212459 EPPO 2011 Sie erp RA Concept The sections The software is constructed with independent modules corresponding to the different sections of the PRA scheme PRA SS Other Modules Module 1 Module 2 Module 3 Module 4 It is possible to work on each module independently allowing the preparation of the PRA to be split between different experts EPPO 2011 EAN Installing CAPRA and updates The software can be downloaded at the following address http capra eppo org download ph CAPRA is compatible with Windows XP Vista Seven Minimal configuration is as follows RAM 256Mo CPU gt 1Ghz HD 50Mo By default the software is installed in the following directory C Program Files CAPRAE Run the installation by clicking Next at each step By default the se
35. tup will include the program s shortcut in the Start Menu folder A desktop icon may also be created Computer Assisted Pest Risk Analysis 19 Setup CAPRA Computer Assisted Pest Risk Analysis bN ccinn X j5 Setup CAPRA Welcome to the CAPRA Select Destination Location o l Com puter Assisted Pest Risk Where should CAPRA Computer Assisted Pest Risk Analysis be installed Analysis Setup Wizard Setup will install CAPRA Computer Assisted Pest Risk Analysis into the This will install CAPRA v1 32 on your computer following folder It is recommended that you close all other applications before continuing Click Next to continue or Cancel to exit Setup To continue dick Next If you would like to select a different folder dick Browse Program Files x86 CAPRA At least 19 6 MB of free disk space is required E Completing the CAPRA Evolution 2 24 Setup Wizard 5 CAPRA Evolution 2 24 Setup Installing Please wait while CAPRA Evolution 2 24 is being installed CAPRA Evolution 2 24 has been installed on your computer Extract dmsbox dll 100 l Output folder C Program Files x86 EPPOWCAPRAE Extract splash dll 100 Extract upgrade dll 100 Run CAPRA Evolution 2 24 Extract upwork dll 100 Extract dmsbox dll 100 Click Finish to cose this wizard Nullsoft Install System v2 46 At the end of t
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search