TrueGrid ® Output Manual for KIVA
Contents
1. 2007 TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 Il KIVA4 Output Guide The kiva command selects the KIVA4 output option It can be issued in the control or merge phase In the merge phase use the write command to write the kiva4grid file Be sure to merge the nodes using one of the merging commands such as stp before you write the output file This is the standard procedure in TrueGrid There are a few special considerations required when building a KIVA4 model There are no material properties to specify However the mt mti and mate commands are used to assign predefined materials to the mesh The following material numbers can be used 1 for squish TrueGrid default 2 for inactive 10 for squish 11 for bowl 14 for dome 20 for port 1 30 for port 2 40 for port 3 50 for port 4 Use the kivabe or the kivabci commands in the part phase or the kivabe command in the merge phase to set face types except for periodic conditions The default interior face type is fluid The default exterior face type is solid Care is needed in assigning the axis boundary condition The edge that is placed on the axis must be a degenerate face From outward appearances this will be an edge ofa wedge element However the internal representation of the wedge is be a hex element with 6 faces When building the part that falls on the axis use the computation window to select the degenerate face Then use the kivabe command to assign the axis boundary condit2. kivabci 1 8 1 10 2 3 solid endpart c inlet outlet Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 27 block 1 21 0 22 42 1 8 19 1 5 r4 d1 r3 0 d1 r3 1 5 r4 d2 2 d2 2 z2 z3 c Save interfaces bb21122230 bb41142231 c Assign material numbers mt11122220 mt41152230 c Assign boundary conditions kivabe 1 1 1 1 2 2 presin kivabe 5 1 1 5 2 2 presout endpart c Main cylinder block 1 3 12 21 30 32 13 12 1423 25 34 36 151 or4 r5 d1 r3 d1 r3 r5 r4 r4 r5 d1 r3 r3 d1 r5 r4 0 zl c Add elements mseqi50905 mseqj5050505 c Delete blocks to form a butterfly topology dei13046 13068 dei 2 3 0 4 5 4 5 c Move some of the key vertices inti position pb 3 5 13 52 xy d1 r3 cos 45 Yor3 sin 45 pb 16 13 82 xy d1 r3 cos 45 Yor3 sin 45 5 pb 45 1452 xy d1 r3 cos 45 Yor3 sin 45 pb 46 1 6 82 xy d1 r3 cos 45 Yor3 sin 45 5 Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved 28 February 1 2007 TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 pb 3413 42 xy d1 r3 cos 45 r3 sin 45 pb 111332 xy d1 r3 cos 45 Y r3 sin 45 5 pb 441442 xy d1 r3 cos 45 r3 sin 45 pb 411632 xy d1 r3 cos 45 Y r3 sin 45 5 c Node distribution other than equal spacing for smoothness res 631662j1 res 131162j1 res 1312621
3. 7 master side is A 11 Macri At R 11 materials tt sd 11 MEE MOS usa a As 11 MOVING o A ture caes 9 31 35 MOVINGDD sarta tad tds 35 MONDO 35 a A meek Syed Marne ors bance 35 movingb4 esca sata een as CE 35 MOVIE A Bu Soe ed nara RAS 35 MOVINETZ y arya Pew Rae weds aged x 35 MOVING uti ad ii 35 a rie AS 35 Mi errean eitn E wea bee e n fee 11 Mi lt n aac n eeu ea adie NS 11 A ba aeiare bd ache E E 14 opposing faces 00000 e eee 12 OMPI a 11 outflow ooooooooo o oo 10 35 PELO nor patada ARO te 10 11 PEQUE as dia ras i 10 11 penado radar 11 periodie isa de 31 35 DOLE anti p eG Adit dee rs 464 11 13 PRECISION oy 2 orate gk eee SA Sets kad 12 PST ahs Weare Sache 4 10 35 PRESOUL ga pete i eee ee ae 10 35 PASIN chet epi eet ean 12 PASIS et das ticas di 5 pyramid reteg en e en Ea 5 12 removing layers a A eaten 5 TESTICHONS a et vd ri n 5 ENT erasa RP r ar Rn ae ROOT IND RA a O 7 O a SE dei ert Rae 13 SIBVG SIUC Die 11 snapping routines oooooooo o 5 A A Peas ee 9 31 35 SOMA Ls dr eS be 10 31 35 qUe 8 9 11 13 31 E ano wad eaan pai 11 temperatures unde EL SAF sets ede 19 Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 39 top trbb February 1 2007 Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4
4. LIN Hr Bottom ERA e ee a yf K Front nodes 1 5 8 4 Derriere nodes 2 6 7 3 Figure 5 Face conventions in KIVA 4 for a cell inactive 0 f ann 2 30 h Ss J bo 11 Figure 6 Cell types in a typical engine mesh Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved 8 February 1 2007 TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 presin solid 20 solid 20 solid 20 A SD a He A lt presout 100 p a na S a Hi J A solid 20 solidh 21 _ iz ER moving 10 Figure 7 Face types in a typical engine mesh The boundary between the bowl and the squish region should be a fluid boundary but the walls of the bowl should be moving boundaries KIVA 4 uses the following cell types with their numerical values in parenthesis squish 10 flbowl 11 fldome 14 flfluid 20 30 40 50 Cells in the cylinder region should be of squish type Cells in a piston bowl should be of flbowl type A separate dome region can be created if desired Cells in ports should be identified as flfluid cells The exact value of flfluid to be used depends on the port ordering the first port should have cells with type 20 the second port should have cells with type 30 etc KIVA 4 uses the following face types with their respective numerical values in parenthesis moving 10 11 12 13 14 For faces that reside on a moving surfa
5. Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 35 movingt2 movingb3 movingt3 movingb4 movingt4 solid solidh axis fluid inflow outflow presin presout Remarks for moving top face of 2nd valve for moving bottom face of 3rd valve for moving top face of 3rd valve for moving bottom face of 4th valve for moving top face of 4th valve for a face of a solid for a solid face of a cylinder head for a face on the axis for a fluid face default for an inlet for an outlet for pressure inflow for pressure outflow An interior face can be assigned a boundary condition Since an interior face can be found on to elements it is possible to assign different boundary conditions to the same face This would be flagged as an error Use the bb or trbb command to assign periodic boundary conditions kivabe kivabc fset set_name type where type can be KIVA4 Boundary Condition Merge Phase moving for moving piston movingb1 movingtl movingb2 movingt2 movingb3 movingt3 movingb4 movingt4 solid solidh axis fluid inflow outflow presin presout 36 February 1 2007 for moving bottom face of Ist valve for moving top face of Ist valve for moving bottom face of 2nd valve for moving top face of 2nd valve for moving bottom face of 3rd valve for moving top face of 3rd valve for moving bottom face of 4th valve for moving top face of 4th valve for a face of a solid for a solid face of a cylinder head for a face on the axis for a flui
6. Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 21 sd 13 plan 0 0 z3 0 0 1 c top of inlet outlet sd 14 plan 0 0 z1 d4 0 0 1 c depth of top face of valve 1 sd 15 plan 0 0 z1 d4 d3 0 0 1 c depth of bottom of valve 1 sd 16 plan 0 0 z1 d5 0 0 1 c depth of top face of valve 2 sd 17 plan 0 0 z1 d5 d3 0 0 1 c depth of bottom of valve 2 sd 18 cy000001 r5 sd 19 cy d1 0000 1 Cor2 r3 2 c construction port 1 sd 20 cy d1 0000 1 r2 r3 2 c construction port 2 sd 21 cy d1 0000 1 rl d6 c valve stem port 1 sd 22 cy d1 0000 1 r1 d6 c valve stem port 2 c Valve stem 1 block 1 2 5 6 1256 15161 69 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 r1 3 r1 3 r1 3 0 zl z2 z3 c Delete the corners of the butterfly topology dei 1 203 4 1 2 0 3 4 c Project to the cylinder sfi 1 4 1 4 sd 2 c Save the interfaces bb2113141 bb4214342 bb2413443 bb1211344 c Insert additional partitions to connect to the port insprt 1529 insprt 1521 c Project to the cylinders sfi 2 sd 15 sfi 3 sd 14 c Assign material numbers mt 1 1200 62 c valve stem inactive mt 1 1 1 002 10 c fluid below valve stem Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved 22 February 1 2007 TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 c Glue the exposed faces together for smoothing bb 12122640 bb 2 11226 40 bb31132641 bb32142641 bb33143642 bb33134642 bb2
7. c More projections sfi 2 sd 15 sfi 3 sd 14 c Assign material numbers mt 1120032 mt 11400620 mt11100210 mt11300410 c Assign boundary conditions kivabe 1 1 2 8 10 2 movingb1 Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved 24 February 1 2007 TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 kivabe 1 13810 3 movingtl kivabci 1 8 1 10 2 3 solid endpart c Valve stem 2 block 1 2 5 6 1256 151 61 69 r1 3 d1 rl 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 r1 3 r1 3 r1 3 0 zl z2 z3 c Delete the corners of the butterfly topology dei 1 2 0 3 4 1 2 0 3 4 c Project to the cylinder sfi 1 4 1 4 sd 5 c Save the interfaces bb21131411 bb 421434 12 bb 241344 13 bb 12113414 c Insert additional partitions to connect to the port insprt 1 5 2 12 insprt 1521 c Project to the cylinders sfi 2 sd 17 sfi 3 sd 16 c Assign material numbers mt1120062 mt11100210 c Glue the exposed faces together for smoothing bb 121226 44 bb2 1122644 bb 3 11326 45 bb 3 2142645 bb 3 3 1 43 6 46 bb 3 3 1 3 4 6 46 bb 23 1 2 4 6 47 bb 1 3 123 6 47 Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 25 c Smoothe the mesh unifm 121431 amp 231341 amp 211321200 001 1 unifm 122432 amp 232342 amp 212322200 001 1 unifm 123433 amp 233343 amp 213323 200 001 1 unifm 124434 amp 234344 amp 214324200 001 1 unifm 1254
8. tetrahedra prisms and pyramids are logically equivalent to a hexahedra Figure 1 shows the node ordering for a hexahedral cell One can create non hexahedral cells by degenerating nodes Figures 2 4 show how nodes can be degenerated in KIVA 4 to create other types of elements T gt Figure 1 Node ordering for hexahedral cell Copyright O 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 5 78 Axis gt l N 3 4 1 Figure 2 Node ordering for a prism cell The left face has been collapsed to an edge 5 6 7 8 1 Figure 3 Possible node ordering for pyramid cell Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved February 1 2007 TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 f E A o o o 4 1 2 Figure 4 Possible node ordering for tetrahedral cell KIVA 4 s mesh format requires one to define cell types and face types Figure 5 shows the face conventions used for a cell in KIVA 4 Each face of a cell needs to be defined with a face type Figure 6 shows the cell types that would be defined in a typical engine mesh Figure 7 shows the corresponding exterior faces types that would be defined Interior face types would be defined to be fluid Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 7 Y 6 Pa 7 E Top e f V Derriere Ea
9. 3124643 bb13123 643 c Smoothe the mesh unifm 121431 amp 231341 amp 211321200 001 1 unifm 122432 amp 232342 amp 212322200 001 1 unifm 123433 amp 233343 amp 213323 200 001 1 unifm 124434 amp 234344 amp 214324200 001 1 unifm 125435 amp 235345 amp 215325 200 001 1 unifm 126436 amp 236346 amp 216326200 001 1 c Assign non default boundary conditions kivabci 1 4 1 4 3 6 solid kivabe 1 1 2 44 2 movingbl endpart c Valve 1 block 1 3 89 18 19 24 26 138918 19 24 26 151 61 69 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 r1 3 Yor1 3 r1 3 r1 3 rl 3 r1 3 r1 3 0 zl z2 z3 c Delete regions to form a butterfly topology dei14058 14058 dei 4 5 4 5 c Nodal distributions for smoother mesh res2413541 85 res 64175 41 1 85 res421534j 85 res461574j 1 85 c Project to surfaces sfi 1 8 1 8 sd 4 Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 23 sfi 2 7 2 7 sd 3 sfi 3 6 3 6 sd 21 c Transition from a coarse mesh in the stem trbb 4415441 trbb 5415542 trbb 4515543 trbb 4414544 c Save interfaces bb4115125 bb8418526 bb 4815827 bb 1411528 c Insert partitions insprt 1441 insprt 1457 c Project sfi 1 6 3 4 sd 9 sfi 1 5 3 4 sd 8 c Save interface bb 153 1 64 30 c More inserted partitions insprt 1529 insprt 1521
10. 35 amp 235345 amp 215325 200 001 1 unifm 126436 amp 236346 amp 216326200 001 1 c Assign non default boundary conditions kivabci 1 4 1 4 3 6 solid kivabe 1 1 2 44 2 movingb2 endpart c Valve 2 block 1 3 89 18 19 24 26 138918 19 24 26 151 61 69 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 d1 r1 3 r1 3 r1 3 r1 3 r1 3 r1 3 r1 3 r1 3 0 zl z2 z3 c Delete regions to form a butterfly topology dei14058 14058 dei 4 5 4 5 c Nodal distributions for smoother mesh res2413541 85 res 6417541 1 85 res421534j 85 res 4615 74j 1 85 c Project to surfaces sfi 1 8 1 8 sd 7 sfi 2 7 2 7 sd 6 sfi 3 6 3 6 sd 22 c Transition from a coarse mesh in the stem trbb 44154411 trbb 541554 12 Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved 26 February 1 2007 TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 trbb 45155 413 trbb 44145414 c Save interfaces bb411512 15 bb 841852 16 bb 48158217 bb 141152 18 c Insert partitions insprt 1441 insprt 1457 c Project sfi 8 6 3 4 sd 9 sfi 8 5 3 4 sd 8 c Save interface bb 85386431 c More inserted partitions insprt 1 5 2 12 insprt 1521 c More projections sfi 2 sd 17 sfi 3 sd 16 c Assign material numbers mt 1120032 mt 1 1400630 mt11100210 mt 11300410 c Assign boundary conditions kivabe 1 2 8 10 2 movingb2 kivabe 1 1 3 8 10 3 movingt2
11. 85 res3114223 85 res371482 3 1 85 res5316621 1 85 c Project sfi 1 6 1 8 sd 1 sfi 2 5 20340560 7 1 2 sd 18 c Glue to saved interfaces bb2412528 bb 2513527 bb 3413526 bb 2413425 bb 441452 18 bb 45155217 bb 541552 16 bb 441542 15 c Glue the exposed faces together for smoothing bb 13133260 bb3 11332 60 bb 41143261 bb43 163261 bb 4 6 1 662 62 bb 4 6 1 4 8 2 62 bb 3 6 1 3 8 2 63 bb 1 6 1 3 6 2 63 c Smooth the mesh unifm251561 amp 231541 amp 361471 amp 341451 amp 3214315001 unifm252562 amp 232542 amp 362472 amp 342452 amp 3224325001 c Assign a material number to this part mate 10 Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 29 endpart c Enter the merge phase merge c Merge the nodes stp 01 Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved 30 February 1 2007 TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 IV Example Problem 2 This example has a periodic boundary condition with elements on the axis When creating a model it is best to have a diagram Figure 19 shown below Figure 20 shows vertical velocities computed with KIVA 4 in a compression expansion calculation To _Solidh Face 21 a e a zai i A a5 pa A 2 a l a Seen A a Derriere s Perioidie 7 Axis AAA Front Periodic Face f Fi w i a e A i 7 a ae ae a y Y aai M AN A lag A oe y Solid Face Er Pal f
12. TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 A Guide and a Reference by David J Torres and Robert Rainsberger Version 2 3 0 XYZ Scientific Applications Inc February 1 2007 Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All rights reserved TrueGrid the TrueGrid Output Manual for KIVA4 and related products of XYZ Scientific Applications Inc are copyrighted and distributed under license agreements Under copyright laws they may not be copied in whole or in part without prior written approval from XYZ Scientific Applications Inc The license agreements further restrict use and redistribution XYZ Scientific Applications Inc makes no warranty regarding its products or their use and reserves the right to change its products without notice This manual is for informational purposes only and does not represent a commitment by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc XYZ Scientific Applications Inc accepts no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies in this document or any of its products TrueGrid is a registered trademark of XYZ Scientific Applications Inc Some other product names appearing in this book may also be trademarks or registered trademarks of their trademark holders Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved ii February 1 2007 TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 Table of Contents Table or Contents ee cei ie bees Mee ete eb aks a a a a a a went 3 KL IntroduchO
13. ce e g piston crown bowl solid 20 faces top and bottom of valves For faces that reside on a solid non moving surface e g cylinder walls port walls The sides of valves are considered solid surface despite the fact that they move Copyright O 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 9 solidh 21 For faces that reside on the top or head of the cylinder These surfaces can be labeled solid if the piston does not move However if the piston does move the faces should be labeled solidh surfaces axis 30 For faces that coincide with an axis The axis faces are only used in 2D or 3D sector geometries These faces are actually edges because they are faces of hexahedra that have been collapsed to a line segment fluid 40 For any non periodic face through which fluid can freely pass periodf 50 For faces on the front periodic boundary of a mesh periodd 60 For faces on the derriere periodic boundary of a mesh inflow 70 For faces on an inflow boundary outflow 80 For faces on a continuative outflow boundary presin 90 For cell faces on a pressure inflow boundary presout 100 For faces on a pressure outflow boundary The mesh file name in KIVA 4 is called kiva4grid The input deck is called itape5 Valve movement can be specified using a file called itape18 Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved 10 February 1
14. d face default for an inlet for an outlet for pressure inflow for pressure outflow Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 Remarks An interior face can be assigned a boundary condition Since an interior face can be found on to elements it is possible to assign different boundary conditions to the same face This would be flagged as an error Use the bb or trbb command to assign periodic boundary conditions co kivabe KIVA4 Boundary Conditions Display Merge Phase co kivabe type where type can be moving for moving piston movingbl for moving bottom face of 1st valve movingtl for moving top face of 1st valve movingb2 for moving bottom face of 2nd valve movingt2 for moving top face of 2nd valve movingb3 for moving bottom face of 3rd valve movingt3 for moving top face of 3rd valve movingb4 for moving bottom face of 4th valve movingt4 for moving top face of 4th valve solid for a face of a solid solidh for a solid face of a cylinder head axis for a face on the axis fluid for a fluid face default periodf for the periodic front periodd for the periodic derriere inflow for an inlet outflow for an outlet presin for pressure inflow presout for pressure outflow Remarks The co command has many other options For a complete list see the TrueGrid User s Manual An axis cannot be displayed at this time Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Ri
15. e ai i A eo T eo A Ny j X Fm A ie IR Moving Face Figure 19 Face types used in periodic sector mesh All cells would be designated squish 100 Copyright O 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 31 at Figure 20 Vertical velocity computed with KIVA 4 in compression expansion calculation Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved 32 February 1 2007 TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 Periodic Mesh Construction with TrueGrid The following is the resulting session file with comments inserted to help the reader The TrueGrid User s Manual for a full discussion on generating a mesh These commands are included to demonstrate a complete model for KIVA4 title KIVA 4 test problem using periodic conditions c First part is one element thick and on the axis cylinder 1 2 1 2 1 21 0 5 0 60 0 10 c Create the periodic boundary condition bb 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 periodf bb 1 2 122 2 periodd rz 60 c Identify face for transition to next part bb 2 1 12 2 2 2 c Set the material to squish mate 10 c Set the boundary conditions kivabc 1 1 2 2 axis kivabc 1 1 2 2 2 2 solidh kivabc 1 1 1 2 2 1 moving endpart Figure 21 Transitions c Second part will be attached to the first with more elements cylinder 1 4 1 4 1 21 5 2 0 60 0 10 c Transition fro
16. es to an edge Some of these conditions are due to the requirement that the periodf and periodd faces when found on a single element must be on opposing faces If precision is an issue you may need to use the double precision version of TrueGrid This can become an issue with periodic boundaries because the slave side derriere must be exactly the master side front when the inverse periodic transformation is applied to the slave side The single precision version of TrueGrid may produce errors in the last digit Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved 12 February 1 2007 TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 HI Example Problem 1 This is a simple example of a piston with 2 valves When creating a model Figures 8 12 can help in designing the mesh Figures 8 10 show the cell types used and Figures 11 12 show the face types used in the mesh Figure 7 is also helpful in determining what face types should be used Cells Collbype WEE 20 20 20 Figure 8 Cell types used for 2 valve engine mesh The cylinder region is designated squish 10 the first port and runner are designated flfluid 20 and the second port and runner are designated 30 Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 13 Cuiplane Cell rb 28 ZA 24 22 20 16 12 10 Figure 9 Cross section view of cell types used in 2 val
17. ghts Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 37 Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved 38 February 1 2007 TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 VI INDEX adding layers sita OBA ele 5 BRIS da darn rads Gaon aes anatase es 10 12 31 35 A NI sae 11 35 block boundaries o o ooo o o 11 DOO seba retest ole eee eas 7 boundary conditions 35 BOWL ce A a 8 11 cell YDES cause pane acess gel ayia Bask obio 7 CO INVADE ete ny AA PRA ets GSN ers 37 coordinate transformation 11 SEATS IA AI ees 11 degenerate edge a cee teed ea 12 degenerate face say 4 ia Wad 11 12 degenerating nodes 0 5 derriere Rea eae ea enua andera Pr ee T derriere periodic tna 31 dome Bn aa a Beside Barbe ae bea ae 11 element types ea ake ea es 5 EXT 2 a Saw hates E Sakae 7 face conventions snag ened ene 7 face types erae Sick oe dd E ETER ewes 7 filename cs stas tanec s aa AS ae 10 A en eg O A E 9 A a dia ese a R 9 HE Yeti ye SB iga ts A 9 13 id rt E 10 35 TEMO Ayo 5 A A A 7 front periodic ir ES 31 hexahedra oooooooo o o 5 12 WIACTIVE AR AS is 11 IO Wai a TEN 10 35 putdece daa Variante 10 ISO a Carte re Cas 7 tapel gi ae aare ao cp a E EN EROR 10 tapes aee Sirs tine You Ge n ed a Wastin Hose E 10 O E 11 kiva4erid chaos va 10 11 A eae iea Baws bes 11 35 36 kivabet oct ceed tke 11 35 A ea NDERES ENR 5 EE stadt NN
18. ications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 17 MLM WHEE Lli MEUM Zz LD ees LLM LLL AAA Part 5 forms the two ports that connect to the fluid around the valve ports To assure that these parts match nod for node block boundary interfaces were formed Figure 15 Port parts Care was taken to form a topology that gave a nearly perfect o grid at the outer radius while giving a nearly orthogonal mesh around the two ports The elliptic The last part is the bulk of cylinder around parts 1 5 smoothing was used extensively for this effect Figure 16 Cylinder part Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 18 19 February 1 2007 LL PAL IDAL LLL ESE A LLL ao TL as BEE z SS ASS PLSI aS Figure 17 Fully merged parts Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 Cells temp 373 312 20s Figure 18 Final mesh with temperature contours in computational simulation with KIV A 4 The final mesh contains 129 768 nodes and 124096 hex elements The model is parametric so both shape and size are easily adjusted Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved 20 February 1 2007 TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 The following is the resulting session file with comment
19. ion to this face The Block Boundary bb and the Transitional Block Boundary trbb commands have the periodf for the front of a periodic boundary condition and the periodd for the derriere of a periodic boundary condition options The periodic boundary condition cannot be set using the kivabe command The bb and trbb commands with these options accomplishes 3 things 1 When an appropriate coordinate transformation is applied either to the master or the slave side of the block boundary the nodal coordinates of the slave side are forced to be periodic with the master side 2 This command using the periodf and periodh options produce the periodic boundary condition Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 11 3 The same options also produce the node to node correspondence for the periodic constraints The nodes of a master block boundary interface will appear first in the list of paired periodic vertices Youcan generate prisms tetrahedrons and pyramid elements by attaching some nodes of an element to other nodes of the same element This is the way to create what is referred to in TrueGrid as degenerate hexahedral elements Only prism or wedge elements are allowed on the axis of a periodic boundary condition All four types are allowed elsewhere in the mesh Only the axis boundary condition has meaning on a degenerate face and only if it degenerat
20. m the first part trbb 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 c Transition to the third part bb 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 c Periodic boundary condition bb 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 periodf bb 1 2 1 2 2 2 4 periodd rz 60 c Squish material mate 10 Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 33 c Set the boundary conditions kivabe 1 1 1 2 2 1 moving kivabe 1 1 2 2 2 2 solidh endpart c Third part like the second part with more elements cylinder 1 7 1 10 1 21 2 5 0 60 0 10 c Geometric increase in element size in radial direction res 1 1 1 2 2 2 i 1 075 c Transition from second part trbb 1 1 1 12 2 3 c Periodic boundary condition bb 1 1 1 2 1 2 5 periodf bb 1 2 1 2 2 2 5 periodd rz 60 c Squish material mate 10 c Set the boundary conditions kivabc 1 1 1 2 2 1 moving kivabc 1 1 2 2 2 2 solidh kivabc 2 1 2 2 2 solid Figure 22 Merged parts endpart merge SOLIDH Boundary Condition c Merge the nodes stp 001 c Write the output file kiva write To view any of the boundary conditions except axis use the co command For example you can view the solidh boundary condition on this problem with the following command co kivabc solidh Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved 34 February 1 2007 TrueGrid Output Manual Fo
21. n 423 4 asete A te ae ede A ey ed oe ed tl 5 I KIVA4 Output Guide 0 sistas di ie ae he a AE ae ear ae oe a be 11 TIL Example Problem cx Sahota ye antag a CA bad aaa ae SOS OSA Sh ae eae hag 13 IV Example Problem 2 nyo a INIA oie a a DA ede keds ee 31 V KIVA4 Output Reference 00 4003 Pads oho a A AR A 35 kivabe KIVA4 Boundary Condition Part Phase 35 kivabci KIVA4 Boundary Condition Part Phase 35 kivabe KIVA4 Boundary Condition Merge Phase 36 co kivabe KIVA4 Boundary Conditions Display Merge Phase 37 NLINDEX Sit ieee et Ve OA OER OE HE OE ES 39 Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 3 Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved 4 February 1 2007 TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 I Introduction KIVA 4 is an engine simulation code which accommodates unstructured grids KIVA 4 does impose restrictions on the unstructured grid if the snapping routines are used The snapping routines allow layers of cells within the piston to be added or removed and layers of cells to alternately assume a role of solid valve surfaces If the snapping routines are used the mesh must be vertically layered in the cylinder Specifically a vertical column of cells in the cylinder must be composed of only hexahedra or only prisms if the mesh is to be snapped KIVA 4 assumes all elements including
22. r KIVA4 V KIVA4 Output Reference The syntax and remarks for the KIVA4 specific commands can be found below kivabe KIVA4 Boundary Condition for a Region Part Phase kivabe region type where type can be moving for moving piston movingbl for moving bottom face of 1st valve movingtl for moving top face of 1st valve movingb2 for moving bottom face of 2nd valve movingt2 for moving top face of 2nd valve movingb3 for moving bottom face of 3rd valve movingt3 for moving top face of 3rd valve movingb4 for moving bottom face of 4th valve movingt4 for moving top face of 4th valve solid for a face of a solid solidh for a solid face of a cylinder head axis for a face on the axis fluid for a fluid face default inflow for an inlet outflow for an outlet presin for pressure inflow presout for pressure outflow Remarks An interior face can be assigned a boundary condition Since an interior face can be found on to elements it is possible to assign different boundary conditions to the same face This would be flagged as an error Use the bb or trbb command to assign periodic boundary conditions kivabci KIVA4 Boundary Condition for a Progression Part Phase kivabci progression type where type can be moving for moving piston movingbl for moving bottom face of 1st valve movingtl for moving top face of 1st valve movingb2 for moving bottom face of 2nd valve Copyright O 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output
23. s inserted to help the reader The TrueGrid User s Manual for a full discussion on generating a mesh These commands are included to demonstrate a complete model for KIVA4 title TrueGrid test problem for KIVA4 c Choose KIVA4 as the output format kiva c Simplify the part commands since there are no shells intyp 2 parameter rl 1 c radius of the valve stem r2 5 c radius of the port 13 7 c radius of the valve head r4 30 c radius of the cylinder dl 12 c offset from center of the valve d2 8 c width of the inlet outlet d3 1 c thickness of the valve head d4 9 c depth of valve 1 d5 12 c depth of valve 2 d6 4 c thickness of first transition region zl 50 c hieght of cylinder z2 60 c hieght of bottom of inlet outlet z3 68 c hieght of top of inlet outlet r5 sqrt d1 d1 r3 r3 2 d1 r3 sqrt 2 gt c Surfaces needed to form the mesh sd1cy000001 r4 c cylinder wall sd 2 cy d1 0000 1 rl c valve stem port 1 sd 3 cy d1 0 0 0 0 1 r2 c port 1 sd 4 cy d1 0 0 0 0 1 r3 c valve head port 1 sd 5 cy d1 0000 1 rl c valve stem port 2 sd 6 cy d1 0000 1 r2 c port 2 sd 7 cy d1 0000 1 r3 c valve head port 2 sd 8 plan 0 d2 2 0 0 1 0 c back face of inlet outlet sd 9 plan 0 d2 2 0 0 1 0 c front face of inlet outlet sd 10 plan 0 0000 1 c bottom of cylinder sd 11 plan 0 0 z1 00 1 c top of cylinder sd 12 plan 00 z2 0 0 1 c bottom of inlet outlet Copyright O 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All
24. ve engine mesh Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved 14 February 1 2007 TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 Cuiplane Cell a 20 y zE 24 ee 20 10 Figure 10 Top view of cell types in 2 valve engine mesh Note the use of O grids in the valve and cylinder perimeters Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 February 1 2007 15 It 12 a o a 11 Figure 11 Cross section view of face types for the first valve Note that the valve and the valve stem are solid 2 M 14 14 T 7 20 20 i 13 Figure 12 Cross section view of face types for the second valve Note that the edges of the valve and the valve stem are solid Copyright 2007 by XYZ Scientific Applications Inc All Rights Reserved 16 February 1 2007 TrueGrid Output Manual For KIVA4 The problem is broken into 6 parts Parts 1 and 3 form the stem The part is extended through the entire model and the material below the extent of the stem is set to squish The other parts are built around the stem parts Figure 13 Stem parts The valve heads and the fluid around them are formed by parts 2 and 4 The cores are missing because they are formed by parts 1 and 3 Transitions are used for increase the mesh density out from the stem as the radius increases Figure 14 Valve head parts Copyright O 2007 by XYZ Scientific Appl
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