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COPERT 4

1. Figure 2 The main interface of the programme 5 1 Main menu items The main menu items are File Country Fleet Configuration Activity Data Calculation Factors Emissions Advanced and Help 5 1 1 File This item provides all tools to manipulate all the inventory files Under the File menu item Figure 3 one can find the commands New Open Save Save as Close New Run Wizard Import Export Reports and Exit File Country Fleet Configuration Mew Open Save Save AS Close Mew Run Wizard Import Export 4 Reports d Exit Figure 3 File menu File gt New With this command the user can create a new run A standard Windows popup form will appear One can then specify a name for the run and a folder to save it in The program will then create the proper mdb file for storing the data of the new inventory This may take a few seconds depending on the computer s performance The path of the new file will appear on the application s title bar File Open If the user has previously created a run in COPERT 4 he can always view or edit the data by selecting the Open menu item A standard Windows popup form will appear Simply select the desired file or browse through the folders to locate it By clicking the Open button the path of the new file will appear on the application s title bar Every time the user makes any change during the inventory process after the path of the file the word changed is added If y
2. Sn Cold Emission Factors Pollutant r Sector Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Subsector Legislation Standard Cold start ratio UserValue Keep Gasoline 1 4 PRE ECE 2 832 Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15700 01 2 832 Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15 02 2 832 Gasoline 1 4 ELE 15 03 2 B32 Gasoline 1 4 ELE 15 04 2 832 Gasoline 1 4 Improved Conventional 2 32 Gasoline 1 4 I pen Loop 2 832 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 1 81 441 EEC 11 581 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 2 S4 12 EEC 11 581 Gasoline 1 4 PE Euro 3 SB BS EL St 11 581 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 4 S8 BS EL St 11 581 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 5 EL 715 200 11 581 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro B EC 715 200 11 681 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 PRE ECE 2 832 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 ECE 15700 01 2 832 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 ECE 15 02 2 832 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 ECE 15 03 2 832 Gasoline 1 4 ZU I ELE 15 04 2 832 EG Recalculate Cold Emission Factors oF Accept User Values Changes e Discard User Values Changes Figure 56 Cold Emission Factors form mimimmmmmmEEMENENNENEENE Calculation Factors gt Evaporation Factors In this spreadsheet like form Figure 57 the user can edit the emission factors for fuel evaporation originating from different vehicle sources and covered by the seven tabs of the form Those emission factors are only relevant for gasoline powered vehicles Two columns are provided proposing emission factors f
3. COPERT 4 Computer programme to calculate emissions from road transport User manual version 9 0 Dimitrios Gkatzoflias Chariton Kouridis Leonidas Ntziachristos and Zissis Samaras ETC AEM February 2012 emisia MISSION F R ENVIRONMENT European Environment Agency 3J 1 2 3 4 5 Table of Contents Introduction sssssxiiaa daq iR ERROR ERR DOCERE RR CR ANAA AAN AA A AANE A RR CER CREE 2 Redulrenients saja a a KE AE AA AA EE n REDE EE PEEOC EE EIPEROU CR Ra eel a 4 2 1 SOTEN SESI essa eves NET PEFVLDERZVEVIREFPERU NEEP IUNII SE FU a A aa 4 2 2 Minimum hardware requirements ss asa eaaa eaaa anaa nennen nnns 4 Installing COPERT 4 isenana aana a nak aa aaa aaa ENE aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa 5 3 1 Installation procedure cessio dire dena we rx p Ha ERR anana iawn iden ORE vx E anna anane 5 3 2 Unn tall ProcEdU E TREE TE UTE 5 Structure of the programme o ns snnn nennen nnn 7 Starting COPERT 4 kasaeane a aaa aaa NU Ga aaa GG NGU EE Ga 8 5 1 Ma MENUEN Sas asana ia a WERE aa a aa aa I pete kan ajaga Ba rel PES kan a arang aa UE Vela an aa aaa kaa a VEN kani aaa 9 A RO AN 9 cH MN ME GO rS SERERE aa ana aa ga aan mU UT 22 Daka FETC GION sadeg nagan ee deter do mde MOI BG dm eed aad aao ENEH to a inaa 28 Wm ids Wala eee c a ee 40 3 15 Calculator Facto 5 222 0994 9999994999994 94 9 99494 94 9029994 999999
4. Quick Start Instructions COPERT 4 Help Topics and About COPERT 4 s Emissions Advanced Help Register Check For updates Quick Stark Instructions COPERT 4 Help Topics Fil About COPERT 4 Figure 78 Help menu Helo gt Register In this form Figure 79 the user can unlock all the features of COPERT 4 if the installation is still in Demo version One can provide the Serial Number that he was provided by our website http www emisia com copert license html and press Register I mportant Note The user must have administration privileges in order to be able to complete the process Registration Form Enter Seral Number Register Close Figure 79 Registration form Helo gt Check for updates The user can check automatically if there is a new version of COPERT 4 available on the website of Emisia http www emisia com copert Download html with the Help gt Check for updates menu item Figure 80 Figure 81 66 Emissions Advanced Help Register Check for updates Quick Start Instructions COPERT 4 Help Topics About COPERT 4 Figure 80 Check for updates menu item ec J This is the latest version of COPERT 4 Figure 81 Check for updates message Help gt Quick Start Instructions With this command an html file will automatically open with the Microsoft Internet Explorer browser In this file the basic steps are listed so that someone can quickly make a complete r
5. EC 715 200 PC Euro B EC 715 200 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 FRE ELE ELE 15 00 01 ELE 15 02 ELE 15 03 Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars lt lt lt 1 la a xp xl xp xl lt 1 lt 1 lt 1 lt 1 x xl D E E D D Z E Z Passenger Cars Select all Unselect all Rn Figure 6 Create I mport Format Excel File form File gt I mport Export gt I mport Data Excel File Create File A form appears Figure 7 which helps the user import data to the selected country from an Excel file that has the format of the file created by the File gt I mport Export gt Create Import Format Excel File form During the process the programme informs the user about the data imported in the Results text area 12 j Import Data Excel File Import Excel File Figure 7 Import Data Excel File form File gt I mport Export gt Import Data COPERT III file With this form Figure 8 the user can import data to the selected country and year from a run of COPERT III Be careful first to have your fleet configured for the selected country and year or else no input data will be imported Pressing the Import COPERT II1 Access File a standard Windows popup form will appear Simply select the desired COPERT III file or browse through the folders to locate it By clicking the Open button the import process will begin During the process the p
6. Euro Ma Change Bloc Figure 41 Edit Technology form Properties tab Edit Technology Properties Order Properties PRE ECE ECE 157 00 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 ECE 15 04 Conventional Improved Conventional Upen Loop PC Euro 1 91 447 EEC PC Euro 2 BA TZ EEC PC Euro 3 SB BS EL Stage2000 PC Euro 4 88 BS EL Stage2006 PC Euro 5 EC 715 2007 PC Euro b EL 715 200 LD Euro 1 93 59 EEC LD Euro 2 SE BS EEC Figure 42 Edit Technology form Order tab 36 Fleet Configuration Delete User Defined Under this menu Figure 43 the user can use forms in order to delete user defined sectors subsectors technologies and types of vehicles that were created with the Fleet Configuration gt Add New Type wizard The following forms are available Type Sector Subsector and Technology File Country Fleet Configuration Activity Data Calculation Facto ddi Delete vehicles Add Mew Type Edit Delete User Defined kk Sector Subsector Technology Figure 43 Delete User Defined sub menu Fleet Configuration gt Delete User Defined gt Type With this form Figure 44 the user can delete user defined types of vehicles that were created with the Fleet Configuration gt Add New Type wizard One can view all the sectors at the same time or a specific one using the Sector list box One can select which types of vehicles will be deleted by double clicking the Select checkbox of the desired vehicle and
7. which is independent of the CO2 produced due to the combustion of the fuel This adds to the total greenhouse gas emissions of the vehicle Some default values for urea consumption as a percentage of fuel consumption have been already filled in to guide the user These are based on market figures and consultation with the automotive industry They can be changed if better information is available E E SCR usage sector Passenger Cars PC Euro 5 EC 715 2007 PC Euro B EC 715 2007 ay Figure 69 SCR usage form Advanced gt A C Usage The parameters on A C usage have to be added in this form Figure 70 First one needs to estimate the number of vehicles equipped with air conditioning system Vehicles equipped with A C Some default values are proposed which are rough estimates only More detailed data can be obtained from national statistics In general the number of passenger cars equipped with an A C increases for late models One also needs to estimate the A C usage Usage aS a percentage fraction of the vehicle operation For simplicity one single usage factor is proposed regardless of urban rural or highway driving This usage factor is uniformly applied to all driving conditions This usage factor should be integrated over the year i e there is no seasonal differentiation 58 reu Gasoline lt 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasol
8. 01 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 PRE ECE ECE 15700 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 ECE 15 04 Improved Conventional Open Loop ii Recalculate Evaporation Factors Calculated V a User Values E Controlled K eep Uncontrolled Keep Controlled lincontroalled mimmim mmm m m m m m RR oO OO OOOO OOOO ooo Ed ET d Accept User Values Changes e Discard User Values Changes Figure 57 Evaporation Factors form Calculation Factors gt A C Factors These are the fuel consumption increase factors due to the use of the A C Figure 58 LEN Fuel consumption increase factors due to A C operation Passenger Cars m Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec eee Values g km Urban User Values g km lee Subsector Legislation Standard Rural Highway Urban Keep Rural Keep Highway Keep Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline lt 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 B Recalculate A C Factors PRE ECE ECE 15 00 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 ECE 15 04 Improved Conventional Open Loop PC Euro 1 81 441 EEC PC Euro 2 94 12 EEC PC Euro 3 98 69 EC Stage2000 PC Euro 4 98 69 E
9. 2 0 PC Euro 5 EC 715 200 1 000 1 000 1 000 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 PC Euro B EC 715 200 1 000 1 000 1 000 Gasoline gt 2 0 PC Euro 1 91 447 EEC 1 000 1 000 1 000 Gasoline gt 2 0 PC Euro 2 94 12 EEC 1 000 1 000 1 000 Gasoline 2 0 PC Euro 3 SS BS EL St 1 000 1 000 1 000 Gasoline gt 2 0 PC Euro 4 BB BES EL St 1 000 1 000 1 000 Asar PC Fur h FF AKAN 1 rii 1 rn 1 rni E Recalculate Mileage Degradation Factors Figure 53 Mileage Degradation Factors form Calculation Factors gt Fuel Effect The user can use this form Figure 54 in order to calculate factors that take effect on the hot emission factors One can calculate the factors by pressing Recalculate Fuel Effect and view the factors for each pollutant through the Pollutant drop down list and for each sector through the Sector drop down list Note that only if you press Recalculate Fuel Effect the fuel year that is selected under the Country gt Fuel Info form will be applied 44 gt Fuel Effect E E O x Pollutant CO sector Passenger Cars Subsector Legislation Standard Fuel Effect Factor Gasoline 1 4 PRE ELE Gasoline lt 1 4 ECE 157 00 01 Gasoline lt 1 4 ELE 15 02 Gasoline lt 1 4 ELE 15 03 Gasoline lt 1 4 ELE 15704 Gasoline 1 4 Improved Conventional Gasoline 1 4 Open Loop Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 1 81 441 EEC Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 2 4 1 2 EEL Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 3 BS BS EL St
10. Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 4 98 69 EC St Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 5 EC 7157200 Gasoline lt 1 4 PC Euro B EL 715 200 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 PRE ECE Gasoline 1 4 2 0 ECE 15 00 01 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 ECE 15 02 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 ELE 15 13 T Recalculate Fuel Effect Figure 54 Fuel Effect Factors form Calculation Factors gt Hot Emission Factors The spreadsheet like form Figure 55 provides a general view of the Hot Stabilised Emission Factors under three different columns Urban Rural and Highway Those emission factors correspond to vehicle emissions when the engine and exhaust components have reached their nominal operation temperature Vehicles that have zero Speed values in the Activity Data gt Circulation Data form will not be shown or their factors will be zero One can view the factors for each pollutant through the Pollutant drop down list and for each sector through the Sector drop down list Included in the pollutant list is also the fuel consumption for stabilised engine temperature FC The Recalculate Hot Emission Factors button executes the modules to calculate the hot emission factors in case the user has made changes during the session When one wish to introduce own emission factors and not use the values proposed by the software the Keep check box needs to be selected next to the emission factor value introduced for any vehicle technology In the subsequent calculations the original value given by the us
11. Specifications Improved Fuel Quality Specificab Gasoline Year E100 v v E150 w Aromatics v v Oletins v v Benzene Zev Sulphur mg kg Yea Densir ka m3 POA wA CN T85 oC Sulphur mg kg hee ej B v foc Figure 28 Improved Fuel Quality Specifications 5 1 3 Fleet Configuration Under this menu Figure 29 the user can find commands to configure the fleet for every country and year and manage all the type of vehicles that will be available in the inventory file The following commands are available Add Delete Vehicles Add New Type Edit and Delete User Defined File Country Fleet Configuration Activity Data Add Delete vehicles Add New Type Edit k Delete User Defined Figure 29 Fleet Configuration menu Fleet Configuration gt Add Delete Vehicles With this form Figure 30 the user can select which types of vehicles will be in the fleet of selected country and year The user can view all the sectors or a specific one using the Sector list box He can view all the types of vehicles that are available in the inventory file or only the COPERT s default vehicles or the user defined vehicles that were created with the Fleet Configuration gt Add New Type wizard The user can select which types of vehicles will take part in the fleet by double clicking the Select checkbox of the desired vehicle If the user wants to delete a vehicle from the fleet he can unselect it
12. and a new speed range will be created for the selected vehicle Likewise one can delete a speed range by pressing the Delete Range button With the Apply Changes to all Months button one can apply the changes made to a specific vehicle for a month to the rest of the months 62 LEN Cold Emission Factors Parameters Speed Range Pollutant co 4 ss T Sector ESERIES Jan Feb Mar May Apr Jun Jul Nov Oct Sep Aug Dec Speed Limits Temperature Coefficients Include Include Lc Limits lee i Speed Limit Temp Limit Subsector Legislation Standard p m i C 30 Low To Low Top Top Low Top Gasoline 1 4 PRE ECE i v v v Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15 00 01 10000 10000 10 3 0 0 09 3 7 v v v Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15 02 10000 10000 10 30 0 0 09 3 7 v v v Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15 03 10000 10000 10 3 0 0 09 3 7 v v v Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15 04 10000 10000 10 30 0 0 09 3 7 v v v Gasoline 1 4 1 Improved Conventional 10000 10000 10 30 0 0 09 37 v v v Gasoline 1 4 Open Loop 10000 10000 10 30 0 0 09 3 7 v v v Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 1 81 441 EEC 5 25 20 15 0 156 0 155 3 519 v v v Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 2 94 12 EEC 5 25 20 15 0 156 0 155 3 519 v v v Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 3 98 69 EC St 5 25 20 15 0 156 0 155 3 519 v v v Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 4 98 69 EC St 5 25 20 15 0 156 0 155 3 519 v v v Gasoline 1
13. emission factors which are under the Calculation Factors menu The available options are Hot Emission Factors Parameters Cold Emission Factors Parameters Mileage Degradation Parameters and B parameter reduction factor bc File Country Fleet Configuration Activity Data Calculation Factors Emissions Advanced Help vehicle Load Axles W Show Run De Road Slope SCR usage ANC usage Share of Mz bo MOX Fraction of EC and GM in PM Parameters Hot Emission Factors Parameters Cold Emission Factors Parameters Mileage Degradation Parameters B parameter reduction Factor bc Figure 73 Parameters menu Advanced gt Parameters gt Hot Emission Factors Parameters With this form Figure 74 the user can view and alter the hot emission parameters that are used for the calculation of the hot emission factors in the Calculation Factors gt Hot Emission Factors form 61 The user can view the parameters for each pollutant through the Pollutant drop down list and for each sector through the Sector drop down list Use the Urban Rural and Highway Mode tabs in order to view the corresponding parameters Each mode also can have up to 3 speed ranges View the different speed ranges parameters by selecting the Speed Range radio buttons One can also add a speed range for a specific combination of vehicle pollutant and mode Select the desired vehicle and press Add Range and a new speed range will be created for the selected vehicle Likewise
14. factors respectively Those files can then be introduced in CollectER via ImportER to link results calculated with COPERT 4 with the complete national inventory The user can select for which years of the selected country the appropriate files will be created When the user presses Export a form will open where the user can select where the files will be placed For each year selected a folder with the files will be created 15 Export Corinair DBF File 2005 iw 2006 Figure 10 Export Corinair DBF File form File gt I mport Export gt Export CRF XML File This form Figure 11 is used to create an XML file that can be imported in CRF Reporter Please follow the instructions in the Important Info area F Export CRF XML File j 2005 Figure 11 Export CRF XML File form 16 File gt I mport Export gt Export NFR Excel File To facilitate reporting of annual emission and activity data to the Convention on Long range Transboundary Air Pollution CLRTAP the calculated results can be exported to the reporting template requested under the Convention The user has to select the reporting template this is an excel file by pressing the Browse button Figure 12 and then press Export File It should be noted that this function is only possible for the latest version of the templates NFRO9 dated 30 9 2009 All emission and activity data of the road transport sector NFR code 1 A 3 b are automatically fil
15. features During the installation a folder COPERT 4 will be created into the Program Files folder of your Windows system In this folder all the necessary files for the programme are located Also a folder named COPERT 4 will be created in the folder My Documents In that folder a file named data mdb will be placed You can use this file for the first time you run COPERT 4 application as it contains a sample run of Greece for the year 2005 Or you can create a new run with File New and use the File New Run Wizard for a guided walkthrough When you open a file with the COPERT 4 application a copy of the file is created in the same folder of the opened file with an extension tmpX where X is a number The copy file is a hidden file When you close the file from the File Close menu or you try to exit the application you will be asked if you want the changes to be stored to the opened file If you press Yes the changes will be stored and the copy file will be deleted If you choose No the file will be deleted without storing the changes to the opened file Note 1 If the application terminates abnormally the copy file is not deleted You can delete it yourself Also you can save your changes at any time from the menu File gt Save to the same opened file or to another file from the menu File gt Save BAS Note 2 When you open data mdb for the first time you can save the data to another file Save As and work with that file so you wil
16. new one Figure 31 29 Step 1 Select Sector Passenger Lars Light Duty Vehicles Heavy Duty Vehicles Motorcycles Figure 31 Add New Type wizard step 1 Step 2 Select Subsector Select the desired subsector or add a new one Figure 32 Step Z Select Subsector Hybrid Gasoline lt 1 4 Hybrid Gasoline 1 4 2 I Hybrid Gasoline 2 0 Gasoline lt 3 5t Diesel 3 5 t Gasoline 35 t Mew Subsector Mame o eo EE Figure 32 Add New Type wizard step 2 Step 3 Select Technology Select the desired technology or add a new one Do not forget to give the appropriate Euro number in the Euro No field Figure 33 If this combination already exists the wizard cannot go on and the user will have to change one of his selections 30 Step 3 Select Technology HD Euro ll 81 542 EEC Stage HO Euro III 2000 Standards HO Euro I 2005 Standards HD Eura V 2008 Standards PC Euro Vl PE Euro VI b m eese ne ten Figure 33 Add New Type wizard step 3 Step 4 Select Fuel Type Select the desired fuel type or add a new one Figure 34 Step 4 Select Fuel Type E Gasoline Leaded Gasoline Unleaded Diesel LPG Hybrid Gasoline CNG Biodiesel Bioethanol Figure 34 Add New Type wizard step 4 Step 5 Finish Select the desired NMVOC category and whether the vehicle will take part in the Evaporation Calculations and press Finish to complete the wizard Figure 35 3
17. press Delete Selected Vehicle Categories In order to delete them they cannot be used in any of the fleet configurations of the inventory file First one has to delete them from the Fleet Configuration gt Add Delete Vehicles form by unselecting them from all the countries and years that they are used 37 E Delete User Defined Type of Yehicle Light Duty Vehicles Heavy Duty Vehicles Motorcycles Select Sector Subsector Legislation Standard Fuel Type 1 Passenger Cars Gasoline 1 4 New Technology Mame Gasoline Leaded 1 Light Duty Vehicles Mew Subsector Mame PRE ECE Gasoline Leaded Select All Unselect All Delete Selected Vehicle Categories Figure 44 Delete User Defined Type of Vehicle form Fleet Configuration Delete User Defined gt Sector With this form Figure 45 the user can delete user defined sectors that were created with the Fleet Configuration gt Add New Type wizard One can delete them by selecting them and pressing Delete In order to delete them they cannot be used in any of the user defined type of vehicles First one has to delete those from the Fleet Configuration Delete User Defined gt Type form Delete User Defined Sector Mew Sector Hame Figure 45 Delete User Defined Sector form 38 Fleet Configuration2 Delete User Defined gt Subsector With this form Figure 46 the user can delete user defined subsectors that were created with the Fleet Configuration gt Add New Type wiz
18. there are two bar charts where the user can view the results during all the years Figure 19 The user can navigate through the results with the arrows on top of the form or directly through the Group Tree section on the left side of the form One can view the pages of a specific pollutant by double clicking on the shadowed box with the pollutants name and a new tab will be created One can export the pages of the tab pdf xls doc or rtf format that are viewed by clicking on the envelope icon If someone wants to view specific years select the desired years from the list box on the right of the form and press Refresh Report T Report Emission Results Source oriented Pollutants without Evaporation Pollutants with Evaporation Heavy Metals 4 bb M Rx amp dis Aah H 0 CO MainR eport H 0 CH4 WAN aD NOX m NO H 2 2 2012 o a D N02 1 44 48 Emission Results Source oriented COPERT 4 version 9 0 amp N20 12 44 48 amp D NH3 H 0 PM exhaust co 2005 amp OM SECTOR HOT COLD tj AIC t LUBE OIL t SCR t TOTAL t E EC 679 527 28 114 044 11 0 00 0 00 0 00 793 571 39 GI D FC Passenger Cars 249 927 11 101 457 74 0 00 0 00 0 00 351 384 85 E D c02 Gasoline 1 4 I 82 691 87 35 918 468 0 00 0 00 0 00 118 610 54 H 0 02 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 75 726 17 32 034 70 0 00 0 00 0 00 107 760 87 Gasoline 72 0 1 68 255 65 28 340 25 0 00 0 00 0 00 96 595 90 Diesel lt 2
19. 0 1 089 33 166 25 0 00 0 00 0 00 1 255 59 S elect Y E Diesel 72 01 089 33 166 25 0 00 0 00 0 00 1 255 59 LPG 10 375 89 4 831 60 0 00 0 00 0 00 15 207 49 ivi 2005 2 Stroke 10 620 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 10 620 00 Hybrid Gasoline lt 1 41 26 29 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 26 29 Hybrid Gasoline 1 4 2 01 26 29 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 26 29 Hybrid Gasoline 72 0 26 29 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 26 29 Light Duty Vehicles 24 482 22 12 586 37 0 00 0 00 0 00 37 068 59 Gasoline lt 3 5t 21015 27 12 303 80 0 00 0 00 0 00 33 319 07 Diesel lt 3 5 t 3 466 95 282 57 0 00 0 00 0 00 3 749 52 Heavy Duty Trucks 130 911 13 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 130 911 13 Gasoline 73 5 t 3 127 82 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 3 127 82 Rigid lt 7 5t 4090 94 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 4 090 94 S Rigid 7 5 12t 5 684 79 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 5 684 79 elect a Rigid 12 14t 6 299 51 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 6 299 5 Rigid 14 20t 8 232 41 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 8 2324 Unselect all Rigid 20 26 t 9 139 61 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 9 139 61 Rigid 26 28t 9 542 37 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 9 542 37 Rigid 28 32 t 10 557 02 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 10 557 02 Rigid 32 t 10 941 24 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 10 941 24 Articulated 14 20 t 7 827 65 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 7 827 65 Refresh Report Articulated 20 28 t 9 035 29 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 9 035 29 iv Current Page No 1 Total Page No 1 Zoom Factor 75 Bi Figure 17 Source Oriented report form 20 T Report Emission Results Source oriented Pollutants without E vap
20. 000 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 ECE 15 00 01 18 966 14 380 18 620 0 000 0 000 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 ECE 15 02 15 859 9 220 8 260 0 000 0 000 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 ECE 15 03 16 752 10 692 7 620 0 000 0 000 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 ECE 15 04 9 087 6 283 4 232 0 000 0 000 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Improved Conventional 3 760 2 652 2 733 0 000 0 000 Bi Recalculate Hot Emission Factors ml Accept User Values Changes o Discard User Values Changes Figure 55 Hot Emission Factors form mimmmmmmENENNENENNEERNNE mmmmmmmmENMENEEEEENENE mimmmmmmmmENEENNEENENN Calculation Factors gt Cold Emission Factors This spreadsheet like form Figure 56 follows the same principals as the Hot Emission Factors form However cold excess emission factors are temperature dependant and therefore an additional list of Month tabs January to December is given on the top of the form The Keep checkbox is similar to that described in the Calculation Factors Hot Emission Factors form Since Excess cold emissions are initially attributed to urban driving only assuming that the majority of vehicles start their trips from urban areas only urban emission factors are proposed for cold start The Recalculate Cold Emission Factors button executes the modules to calculate the cold emission factors in case the user has made changes during the session One can view the factors for each pollutant through the Pollutant drop down list and for each sector through the Sector drop down list 46 r
21. 00000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 Figure 49 I nput Fleet Data form Activity Data gt Input Circulation Data In this form Figure 50 the user can see the input form aiming at collecting the average Speed and the mileage percentage driven by each vehicle technology per driving mode To move between vehicle sectors use the Sector drop down list 41 Input Circulation Data Ik Gasoline 1 41 PRE ECE Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15 00 01 Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15 02 Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15 03 Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15 04 Gasoline 1 4 Improved Conventional a Gasoline 1 4 Open Loop Gasoline lt 1 4 PC Euro 1 91 441 EEC Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 2 94 12 EEC Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 3 SB BS EC 5t Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 4 SB BS EC 5t Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 5 EC 715 200 Gasoline 1 4 PC Eura 6 EC 715 200 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 PRE ECE Gasoline 1 4 2 0 ECE 15 00 01 Figure 50 Input Circulation Data form Activity Data gt Input Evaporation Data In this form Figure 51 the user can input data for Fuel Tank Size It Canister size percentage of vehicles equipped with Fuel Injection Yo percentage of vehicles equipped with Evaporation Control Yo and the distribution of evaporati
22. 1 Figure 35 Add New Type wizard step 5 Fleet Configuration Edit Under this menu Figure 36 the user can use forms in order to edit sectors subsectors and technologies names and the order of their appearance in all the data tables The following forms are available Sector Subsector and Technology File Country Fleet Configuration Activity Data Calculation Factors E Add Delete vehicles Add New Type Delete User Defined F Subsector Technology Figure 36 Edit sub menu Fleet Configuration gt Edit gt Sector With this form Figure 37 the user can change the user defined sectors names by selecting the sector in the Properties tab providing the new name in the Name textbox and pressing Change In the Order tab the user can change the order of the sectors appearance in all the data tables Figure 38 In order to do that change the number next to the sector The sectors are sorted in ascending order according to this number 32 S Edit Sector 5 x Order Properties zHange Figure 37 Edit Sector form Properties tab Edit Sector Pje x Onder Properties Passenger Cars Light Duty Vehicles Heavy Duty Trucks Buses Mopeds Motorcycles GE Figure 38 Edit Sector form Order tab 33 Fleet Configuration Edit Subsector With this form Figure 39 the user can change the user defined subsectors names by selecting the subsector in the Properties tab pro
23. 2 5 H D PM10 L PM exhaust H D EC H O OM H D FC H 0 C02 4 0 02 Total Emissions Sector Total Emisions Driving Mode 29231 Ig Passenger Cars m ligt Duty Sehieles D Heavy Dury Trucks gg Buses m o m D Mopeds Bl Peter voles Sunot Urbsn Sunot Rural Sumot Hwan Unselect all Refresh Report m Total Page No 2 Zoom Factor 75 Figure 15 Pie charts in the reports form T Report Emission Results Driving Mode oriented Pollutants Heavy Metals M npx amp dh a b H D MainReport H 0 voc H D NMVOC HP CH4 H 0 NOX Ah NO dad Emission Results Driving Mode oriented COPERT 4 version 9 0 aD N02 B H 0 N20 D NH3 H D PM2 5 H 0 PM10 Ah PM exhaust H 0 EC Total Emisions Year amp Sector H 0 OM aD FC en C02 Bl Heavy Duty Trude E Passenger Care W Light Duty Vehicles O Buses B opad Bl Motorcycles H 0 02 Tots Emssions eG bGSBOEG Total Emissions Year amp Driving Mode Current Page No 3 Figure 16 Bar charts in the reports form 19 File gt Reports gt Source Oriented With this form Figure 17 the user can view save and print reports with the emissions results of the selected country oriented by source Hot Cold start etc The results are grouped by pollutant and the user can view all the years results of the selected country After each year two pie charts follow concerning the year s results Figure 18 After all the years for each pollutant
24. 257 158 1716 640 Gasoline 1 4 Improved Conventional 1356 360 2343 120 3382 8n Gasoline 1 4 Open Loop 1464 400 2172 800 3372 800 Gazoline 1 4 PC Euro 1 81 441 EEC 353 018 Abd 784 706 861 Gasoline 1 4 FL Euro 2 S4 12 EEC 131 824 229 702 298 437 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 3 3B B3 EC Stage2000 103 792 246 249 459 360 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 4 38 BS3 EC Stage2005 39 005 99 246 211 871 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 5 EE 715 2007 33 005 99 246 211 871 Gasoline 1 4 FL Euro B EC 715 2007 39 005 99 246 211 871 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 FRE ECE FOU S60 6521 794 6208 000 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 ECE 15 00 01 3r33 225 5752 000 7445 000 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 ELE 15 02 3171 827 3688 000 3204 000 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 ECE 15 03 3350 400 4276 800 3048 000 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 ECE 15 04 1817 369 2513 217 1716 640 3aenliea 14 701 raman sad Foessanhinnal TRA DAD 1060 aar 1097 nr All Emisions including all factors Cold E missions Evaporation Emissions Figure 61 Total Emissions form Emissions gt Total Emissions of all years With this form Figure 62 the user can view the total emissions of all the years of the selected country Results are presented in tonnes for all major gaseous pollutants and in kg for heavy metals The user can view the results based on the driving mode Urban Rural and Highway and the total ones If a fleet configuration of a specific year does not have a specific vehicle then the emission value appears
25. 29 Hybrid Gasoline 1 4 2 01 8 96 11 17 6 16 26 29 Hybrid Gasoline gt 2 01 8 96 11 17 6 16 26 29 Light Duty Vehicles 16 707 54 7 034 48 13 326 56 37 068 59 Gasoline lt 3 50 15 896 69 5 950 10 11 472238 33 319 07 Diesel 3 5 t amp 10 86 1 084 38 1 854 29 3 749 52 Heavy Duty Trucks 31472 15 51 853 78 47 585 20 130 911 13 Gasoline 73 5 t 782 80 1 249 18 1 095 84 3 127 82 Rigid lt 7 5 t 957 71 1 610 53 1 522 70 4 090 94 Rigid 7 5 12t 1 373 10 2 255 37 2 056 33 5 684 79 Rigid 12 14t 1 509 29 2 497 25 2 292 97 6 299 51 Select all Rigid 14 20t 2 031 35 3 280 01 2 921 04 8 232 41 Rigid 20 26 t 2 208 81 3 612 75 3 318 06 9 139 61 Unsel Rigid 26 28 t 2 307 19 3 775 89 3 459 28 9 542 37 nselect a Rigid 28 32 t 2 531 20 4 218 42 3 807 39 10 557 02 Rigid 32 t 2 604 99 4 288 70 4 047 55 10 941 24 Articulated 14 20 t 1 926 46 3 121 69 2 779 50 7 827 65 Articulated 20 28 t 2 167 77 3 559 67 3 310 85 9 038 29 Refresh Report Articulated 28 34 t 2 244 87 3 711 19 3 442 48 9 398 54 Articulated 34 4 t 2 631 93 4 338 85 4 033 29 11 004 07 Articulated 40 50 t 2 849 46 4 747 76 4 345 58 11 942 80 Figure 14 Driving Mode Oriented report form 18 Report Emission Results Driving Mode oriented Pollutants Heavy Metals Mao BK Sale a A P CO H 0 voc H D NMVOC H 0 CH4 g D NOX H 0 NO ies Emission Results Driving Mode oriented COPERT 4 version 9 0 xr ka POLLUTANT YEAR H 0 NH3 co 2005 H D PM
26. 4 PC Euro 5 EC 715 200 5 25 20 15 0 156 0 155 3 519 v v v Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 6 EC 715 200 5 25 20 15 0 156 0 155 3 519 v v v Gasoline 1 4 201 PRE ECE 10000 10000 10 3 0 0 09 3 7 v v v Gasoline 1 4 2 0 ECE 15 00 01 10000 10000 10 30 0 0 09 ar v v v Gasoline 1 4 201 ECE 15 02 10000 10000 10 30 0 0 09 3 7 v v v Gasoline 1 4 2 0 ECE 15 03 10000 10000 10 30 0 0 09 3 7 v v v Gasoline 1 4 201 ECE 15 04 10000 10000 10 3 0 0 09 3 7 v v v Gasolina 1 4 211 Imarawa d Cenven Hen al ANANA ANANA AN an n n na 27 I I n Add Range Apply Changes to al Months Ej Figure 75 Cold Emission Factors Parameters form Advanced Parameters Mileage Degradation Parameters With this form Figure 76 the user can view and alter the mileage degradation parameters that are used for the calculation of the mileage degradation factors in the Calculation Factors gt Mileage Degradation form The user can view the parameters for each pollutant through the Pollutant drop down list and for each sector through the Sector drop down list The user may select between three options on the bottom of the form No No degradation factors are calculated and therefore no correction of the baseline hot emission factors is introduced Without IM effect If this option is selected then the degradation factors are calculated assuming that the applicable Inspection and Maintenance scheme is similar to
27. 5 130 0 136241 0 0141 0 00089 4 99E 0 D 0 D 0 0 v v Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 6 EC 715 200 5 130 0 136241 0 0141 0 00089 4 99E 0 0 0 0 0 0 v v Gasoline 1 4 2 01 PRE ECE 10 100 0 D 0 D 0 D 281 0 63 0 v E Gasoline 1 4 2 0 1 ECE 15 00 01 10 50 0 0 D 0 D 313 0 76 0 v O Gasoline 1 4 201 ECE 15 02 10 60 0 0 D 0 D 0 300 0 797 0 v E Gasoline 1 4 2 01 ECE 15 03 10 19 3 0 O 161 36 45 62 D 0 0 n 0 v E Gasoline 1 4 201 ECE 15 04 10 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 788 0 91 0 v O Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Improved Conventional 10 130 0 000957 0 1511 8 273 0 0 0 D 0 0 v v Gasoline 1 4 201 Open Loop 10 130 0 002029 0 23012 9 446 0 0 n n n 0 v Iv iv B foc Figure 74 Hot Emission Factors Parameters form Advanced Parameters Cold Emission Factors Parameters With this form Figure 75 the user can view and alter the cold emission parameters that are used for the calculation of the cold emission factors in the Calculation Factors Cold Emission Factors form The user can view the parameters for each pollutant through the Pollutant drop down list and for each sector through the Sector drop down list Use the month tabs in order to view the corresponding parameters Each month also has up to 3 speed ranges View the different speed ranges parameters by selecting the Speed Range radio buttons One can also add a speed range for a specific combination of vehicle pollutant and month Select the desired vehicle and press Add Range
28. C Stage2005 PC Euro 5 EC 715 2007 PC Euro 5 EC 715 2007 PRE ECE ECE 15 00 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 ECE 15 04 13 423 13 423 13 423 13 423 13 423 13 423 13 640 13 640 13 640 13 640 13 640 13 640 13 640 13 423 13 423 13 423 13 423 13 423 OO n r E D r n c r n r p r OO mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmN OO mimmimmmmmmmmENNEENEN Accept User Values Changes o Discard User Values Changes Figure 58 A C Factors form 48 These are multiplied with the annual mileage per mode urban rural highway the usage factor and the number of vehicles equipped with A C per technology to calculate total the fuel consumption increase Own emission factors may be preserved by selecting the Keep check box for any vehicle technology and month The Recalculate A C Factors button executes the modules to calculate the A C factors in case the user has made changes during the session One can view the factors for each sector through the Sector drop down list Calculation Factors CO2 due to lube oil Lubricant oil is used in engines to reduce friction and to cool down specific components Lube oil enters the combustion chamber and is oxidized during combustion before it is exhausted to the atmosphere The hydrocarbon composition of lube oil means that it unintentionally contributes to the CO2 emissions without taking part to the energy consumption of road transport The only exception is two stroke engin
29. Create Import Format Excel File Import Data Excel File Import Data COPERT III file Export Data Excel File Export Corinair DBF File Export CRF XML File Export NFR Excel File 10 Fie Country Fleet Configuration Activity Data Calculation Factors Mew Open Save Save Bs Close Mew Run Wizard Import Export 4 Create Import Format Excel File Reports Import Data Excel File Exit Import Data COPERT III File Export Data Excel File Export Corinair DBF File Export CRF XML File Export WFR Excel File Figure 5 Import Export sub menu File gt I mport Export gt Create Import Format Excel File A form appears Figure 6 which can help the user create an Excel file that has the appropriate format for later data importing After creating the Excel file the user can use it as an alternative input source file from the File gt I mport Export gt I mport Data Excel File form The Create Import Format Excel File form has a list with the years that the selected country includes in the opened file a list with the input data and a list with the vehicle types that each year has in its Fleet Configuration The user can select which years data or vehicle types he wants to include in the Excel File With the Show all vehicle categories checkbox the user can view all the vehicle types even if they are not included in the selected years Fleet Configuration After the Excel File is created there will be a sheet
30. Directive 92 55 EEC With IM effect In this case degradation factors are calculated assuming that an improved Inspection and Maintenance scheme is in place By pressing one of the above buttons the Am and Bm parameters are automatically filled with the corresponding values One can also provide his own values For more details about the IM effect you may refer to the methodology report 63 Mileage Degradation Parameters Pollutant co P Parameters V 13 km h M icai B3 km h N Subsector Legislation Standad Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 1 81 441 EEC Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 2 84 1 2 EEC Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 3 SB BS EL Stage Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 4 SB BS EL Stage Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 5 EC 71572007 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro b EC 71572007 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 I FC Euro 1 81 441 EEC Gasoline 1 4 2 0 I FC Euro 2 84 1 2 EEL Gasoline 1 4 2 0 I PC Euro 3 SB BS EL Stage Gasoline 1 4 2 0 PC Euro 4 SB BS EL Stage Gasoline 1 4 2 0 I PC Euro 5 EC 715 2007 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 PC Euro b EC 715 2007 Gasoline 2 0 FC Euro 1 81 441 EEC Gasoline 2 0 FC Euro 2 84 1 2Z EEL Gasoline 2 0 PC Euro 3 SB BS EL Stage Gasoline 2 0 PC Euro 4 SB BS EL Stage Gasoline gt 2 0 PC Euro 5 EC 715 2007 coo Oooo co oo ooo ooo oo A coo ooo ooo ooo oo ooo A coo ooo ooo ooo ooo eo A coo oOo oO om oOo co fo ooo 8 ooo tc without IM Effect with IM Effect Figure 76 Mileage Degra
31. ELE 15 03 ELE 15 04 Improved Conventional Open Loop FC Euro 1 91 447 EEC PC Euro 2 BA TZ2 EEC PC Euro 3 BB BS EL Stage2000 FC Euro 4 BB BS EL Stage2006 PC Euro 5 EC 7 15 2007 PC Euro b EC 7 15 2007 PRE ECE ELE 15 00 01 ELE 15 02 ELE 15 03 Figure 71 Share of NO2 to NOX form Advanced gt Fraction of EC and OM in PM In this form Figure 72 the user provides the Fraction of Elemental and Organic Carbon in exhaust PM If data is not available for a vehicle category just type N A Not Avaliable 60 d Fraction of Elemental and Organic Carbon in exhaust PM Po Gasoline 1 41 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 EI Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Basoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 ed Gasoline 1 4 2 0 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 PRE ELE ECE 15700 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 ECE 15 04 Improved Conventional Open Loop PC Euro 1 91 447 EEC PC Euro 2 4 12 EEC PC Euro 3 38 53 EC Stage2000 PC Euro 4 38 E3 EC Stage2005 PC Euro 5 EC 715 2007 PC Euro B EC 715 2007 PRE ELE ECE 15700 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 Bly Joc Figure 72 Fraction of EC and OM in PM Advanced gt Parameters Under this menu Figure 73 the user can view and alter parameters that are used for the calculation of the
32. Euro 81 441 EEC PC Eura I 34 12 EEL PC Euro III S8 BS EC Sta PC Euro I SS BS3 ECL Sta PC Euro V past 2005 Gasoline Leaded Gasoline Leaded Gasoline Leaded Gasoline Leaded Gasoline Leaded Gasoline Leaded Gasoline Unleaded Gasoline Unleaded Gasoline Unleaded Gasoline Unleaded Gasoline Unleaded Gasoline Unleaded Gasoline 1 4 2 0 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 FRE ECE ECE 157 00 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 ECE 15 04 Improved Conventional Passenger Cars Gasoline Leaded Passenger Cars Gasoline Leaded Passenger Cars Gazoline Leaded Passenger Cars Gazoline Leaded Passenger Cars Gazoline Leaded Passenger Cars Gazoline Leaded Open Loop Gasoline Unleaded PC Euro 51 447 EEC Passenger Cars X I I xl lt 1 I I xl xl xl I o xl xl I o xl xl xl xl v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v Passenger Cars Gasoline Unleaded Select All Unselect All Figure 30 Add Delete Vehicles form Fleet Configuration gt Add New Type With this command a wizard will begin that will help the user add a new type of vehicle in the inventory file This type can later be used in every fleet configuration through the Fleet Configuration gt Add Delete Vehicles form The following steps will be Step 1 Select Sector Select the desired sector or add a
33. Windows Me or Microsoft Windows NT 4 Workstation or Server with Service Pack 6a or Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional Server or Advanced Server with the latest Windows Service Pack and critical updates available from the Microsoft Security Web site or Microsoft Windows XP Home or Professional or Microsoft Windows Vista Home or Professional or Microsoft Windows 7 Home or Professional or Microsoft Windows Server 2003 family Microsoft Internet Explorer 5 01 or later Microsoft NET Framework v1 1 or later Minimum hardware requirements 1 IBM compatible computer Pentium 166 MHz 2 128Mb RAM 3 Hard disk or network file server with 54 Mb free space It has to be noted that a faster processor based computer and or more on RAM memory are recommended if frequent use of the program is to be expected BM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation Or the minimum CPU required to run the operating system whichever is higher Or the minimum RAM required to run the operating system whichever is higher 3 Installing COPERT 4 3 1 Installation procedure You can download the necessary installation files from the COPERT web site http www emisia com copert Download html 1 Read the License Agreement and press Accept 2 Click on the button Download COPERT 4 and download one zip file the COPERTAv9 O zip file size 16 Mb 3 Extract the contents of the compressed zi
34. again by double clicking the Select checkbox 28 The Default Type column shows if the specific type of vehicle is a COPERT s default type or user defined The user can also apply the fleet configuration to other years of the selected country by checking the years in the top right list When the configuration is complete press OK and the appropriate data will be updated This may take some time depending on the computer s performance t Add Delete Vehicles for the Activity Data forms Apply this Fleet Configuration to the following years 2005 v Show all Sectors Types of vehicles Light Duty Vehicles e Heavy Duty Vehicles Al Buses C COPERT s Default Mopeds Motorcycles C User Defined Select all the vehicles that you want to add to the Activity Data forme Unselect all the vehicles that you want to delete from the Activity Data Farms Select Sector Subsector Legislation Standard Default Type Fuel Type 4 Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 PRE ECE ECE 15700 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 ECE 15 04 Improved Conventional Open Loop PC
35. ard One can delete them by selecting them and pressing Delete In order to delete them they cannot be used in any of the user defined type of vehicles First one has to delete those from the Fleet Configuration Delete User Defined Type form Delete User Defined Subsector nml x Choose Subsector and press Delete New Subsector Name C PEN FT Figure 46 Delete User Defined Subsector form Fleet Configuration Delete User Defined Technology With this form Figure 47 the user can delete user defined technologies that were created with the Fleet Configuration gt Add New Type wizard One can delete them by selecting them and pressing Delete In order to delete them they cannot be used in any of the user defined type of vehicles First one has to delete those from the Fleet Configuration Delete User Defined gt Type form 39 t Delete User Defined Technology Choose Technology and press Delete New Technology Name Delete ET Figure 47 Delete User Defined Technology form 5 1 4 Activity Data Under this menu Figure 48 the user can provide fleet circulation and evaporation data for the fleet configuration of the selected country and year The available options are Input Fleet Data Input Circulation Data and Input Evaporation Data File Country Fleet Configuration Activity Data Calculation Factors E Input Fleet Data Input Circulation Data Input Evaporation Daka Figure 48 Activity Da
36. are used to refine the results and provide additional sensitivity parameters implementing a more detailed description of the activity characteristics such as the load factor of the Heavy Duty Vehicles and the road gradient The available options are Vehicle Load Axles Road Slope SCR usage A C usage Share of NO2 to NOX Fraction of EC and OM in PM and Parameters Fie Country Fleet Configuration Activity Bata Calculation Factors Emissions Advanced Help vehicle Load Axles Road Slope SCR usage AIC usage Share of Woe En NOX Fraction of EC and OM in PM Parameters Figure 66 Advanced menu 29 Advanced Vehicle Load Axles The load percentage corrections Figure 67 are applicable to heavy duty vehicles and buses and they depend on the vehicle gross weight class and driving mode A default value of 5096 is given and this corresponds to the baseline emission factors of COPERT In order to apply a different load percentage the user needs to select the Yes option once he has made his changes To remove the effect of different load percentages just select the No option Needless to say that load percentages should range between 0 and 100 denoting a totally empty or a fully laden vehicle respectively The load factors are calculated and applied during the calculation of the hot emission factors in the Calculation Factors gt Hot Emission Factors form Load percentages and the number of Axles are also used in the calculation of non exh
37. as zero One can view the emissions for each pollutant through the Pollutant drop down list and for each sector through the Sector list box 51 i EET Emissions of all years Patent a Urban Rural Highway Total E Sector LAH Passenger Cars a Passenger Cars SI Passenger Cars Passenger Cars EE Passenger Cars a Passenger Cars EE Passenger Cars EE Passenger Cars Passenger Cars aa Passenger Cars EN Passenger Cars EN Passenger Cars EE Passenger Cars Subsector Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 v Show all Sectors Light Duty Vehicles Heavy Duty Trucks Motorcycles Legislation Standard PRE ECE ECE 15700 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 ECE 15 04 Improved Conventional Open Loop PC Euro 1 81 441 EEC PC Euro 2 84 1 2 EEC PC Euro 3 98 69 EC St PC Euro 4 98 69 EC St PC Euro 5 EC 715 200 PC Euro 6 EC 715 200 ga Calculate All Emisions For all pears including all factors Figure 62 Total Emissions of all years form Emissions gt Fuel Balance The fuel balance form Figure 63 provides a control point to compare the Statistical fuel consumption provided in the respective form Country gt Fuel Info with the total fuel consumption calculated by the software application The deviation between t
38. aust PM emissions in the Emissions Total Emissions form 5 vehicle Load Axles Eee Percentage 72 oe Subsector Legislation Standard Urban Rural Highway of axles Gasoline gt 3 5 t Conventional Rigid 27 5t Conventional Rigid 275 t HD Euro 81 542 EEC Stage Rigid 27 5 t HD Euro l 81 542 EEC Stage Rigid 27 5t HD Euro III 2000 Standards Rigid 27 5t HD Euro IV 2005 Standards Rigid 27 5t HD Euro 2008 Standards Rigid 27 5 t HD Euro Vl Rigid 5 12t Conventional Rigid 7 5 12t HD Euro 81 542 EEC Stage Rigid 7 5 121 HD Euro I 81 542 EEC Stage Rigid 7 5 12 t HD Euro III 2000 Standards Rigid 7 5 12t HD Euro IV 2005 Standards Rigid 7 5 12t HD Euro V 2008 Standards m Pm m3 m nm nr nr r3 nr 5r rt n nm m no ram rr Figure 67 Vehicle Load Axles form Advanced Road Slope In this form Figure 68 the user provides the mean gradient class of the road for different vehicle categories HDV and Buses and different driving modes Select a vehicle category and then choose between 6 gradient classes ranging between 6 uphill driving to 6 downhill driving for every driving mode The 0 slope value means that no changes will be made to the baseline emission factors even road even if the user has clicked the Yes button of the Apply Road Slope Correction area The different road gradient corrections are only applicable for a limiting and reasonable speed range The slop
39. bilities mainly Microsoft Excel e Enhanced reports creation formats pdf Microsoft Excel Microsoft Word rtf Configuration of fleet local regional vehicle technologies e Data can be changed at methodological level e Advanced Help features New Methodological Features e Hot emission factors of regulated pollutants from conventional PCs and PTWs Hybrid vehicle fuel consumption and emission factors New N20 NH3 Emission Factors for PCs and LDVs New corrections for emission degradation due to mileage New Heavy duty vehicle and Buses methodology emission factors load factor corrections and road gradient reductions e New Mopeds and Motorcycles technologies e Developments on the cold start emission front e Developments on evaporation losses incl PTWs This report is designed in order to help COPERT 4 users to produce in a short time a complete annual national emission data set from road transport Hence the manual is divided in several chapters The different chapters include all information needed to build a complete data set assuming that the user has no former experience in using COPERT 4 but he is quite familiar with the methodology and the terminology used Background knowledge in using Microsoft Windows is also expected although no special skills are required Microsoft Microsoft Access Excel Word and Visual Studio NET are registered trademarks and Windows and Windows NT are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Major at
40. ch year has in the Fleet Configuration The user can select which years data or vehicle types he wants to include in the Excel File With the Show all vehicle categories checkbox the user can view all the vehicle types even if they are not included in the selected years Fleet Configuration After the Excel File is created there will be a sheet for every input data and results data Every sheet will have the vehicle types and columns for every selected year One can alter the cells of the input data under the year columns for every vehicle type the user wants After updating all the desired data close the Excel File and one can import the data through the File gt I mport Export gt Import Data Excel File form If one wants to import data from one year to another one alter the year column value in all the desired sheets of the Excel file that one wants to import 14 5 Export Data Excel File iw Population Iw Fuel Tank Size tt Iw LI CO Emiss t Wl ANMVOC Emiset a H MO Emiss iw Mileage km per year Wl Canister Size lw A CO Emiss t Iw HNMYVYOC Emisst ye Total NOS Er iw Mean Fleet Mileage km Ivf Fuel Injection perc lw H CO Emiss t lw Total HM VOC Emiss th U NO Emiss t iw Evap Contral perc lw Total CO Emiss t lw U CH4 Emiss t wl ANO Emiss t iw Evap U Share perc lw U VOC E miss t lw A CH4 Emiss t Iw H NO E miss t Wl Evap A Share perc lw RH YOC Emiss t Iw H CH4 Emiss t lw Total NO Emi lw Evap H Share perc lw H VOC Emiss
41. ciation survey on NCVs and should be considered more appropriate for the European fuels In particular for biodiesel the NCV proposed corresponds to rapeseed oil derived biodiesel RME which is the major biodiesel feedstock in Europe Different feedstocks will result to different NCVs In any case countries should make every effort to provide updated values based on national data depending on the exact fuels used in each reporting year Provide Fuel Consumption in TJ Fuel Annual Consumption TJ COPERT IPCCdefault User Values k Gasoline Leaded 0 Gasoline Leaded Gasoline Unleaded 0 Gasoline Unleaded Diesel 0 LPG 0 CNG 0 TT Biodiesel 0 Biodiesel Bioethanol 0 Bioethanol Conversion factors a EET COPERT Ell foc Figure 27 Energy Conversion Factors By pressing Advanced the user can view and change the Improved Fuel Quality Specifications Figure 28 and choose between three fuel types 1996 Base Fuel 2000 Stage 2000 and 2005 Stage 2005 from the Year drop down list The default value is 1996 If this option is selected then all vehicles are assumed to operate on a conventional Base fuel corresponding to 1996 EU15 market average The introduction of improved Stage 2000 and Stage 2005 fuel types will have a positive effect not only on the corresponding vehicle technologies to be launched in 2000 and 2005 respectively but also to older vehicle technologies 27 Improved Fuel Quality
42. culated No No Calculated 1996 Calculated Figure 24 View All Run Details form Country gt Country Info 24 In this form Figure 25 the user has to provide values for monthly average minimum and maximum temperatures RVP and Beta The Beta values can also be calculated by pressing Calculate Beta These values can be different for every country and year but after the user makes any changes he will be asked if he wants to apply the changes to all the years of the selected country or only to the selected year RH Yo is the relative humidity per month This is required to calculate the load of air conditioning A C A high value denotes high humidity and a higher load for the A C that increases consumption t Country Info Bl x Min Temp Max Temp Month PC MC FH amp Month RVP kPa Beta a0 0 293 Feb 6 70 13 30 71 00 Feb au 0 259 Mar 7 80 15 50 65 00 Mar ol 282 Apr 11 30 20 20 B2 n Apr B4 0 261 May 15 90 25 00 53 00 May B4 0 237 Jun 20 00 29 90 52 00 Jun B4 0 214 Jul 22 B 33 20 48 D Jul b4 0 199 Aug 272 B 33 10 49 00 Aug B4 1 133 Sep 19 30 24 00 56 00 Sep au 0 218 Oct 15 40 23 00 66 00 Oct a0 D242 How 11 70 18 60 ra 00 Nor au 0 264 Dec B 21 14 60 ra 00 Dec au D 284 El v foc Figure 25 Country Info form Country gt Fuel Info By selecting Fuel Info under the Country menu a form appears Figure 26 where the user has to provide data for the Fuel specifications and the Statistical Annual Fuel Con
43. d biodiesel at a country level In the fuel balance the software adds petrodiesel and biodiesel and compares with the calculated fuel consumption According to IPCC tailpipe CO produced by the combustion of biofuels in this case biodiesel should not be included in the road transport total but should be included in the LULUCF sector IPCC defines that CO from road transport should be determined on the basis of statistical fossil fuel consumption only Therefore if the user checks the Statistical Fuel Correction check box then CO is calculated only on the basis of the statistical fuel consumption of petrodiesel and not biodiesel Therefore in order to correctly report to CRF the user needs to provide separately the diesel and biodiesel consumption values and check the Apply Statistical Fuel Correction check box z 5 Fuel Information gt ET Annual Fuel Consumption uj Fuel Annual Consumption t EN Gasoline Leaded Provide Fuel Consumption in tonnes E Apply Statistical Fuel Correction Pee eneas a Sulphur Lead HC Cadmium Copper Chromium Mickel Selenium Content Content Ratio Content Content Content Content Content Fuel wt gl maka mg kg mg kg mg kg mg kg D 0 013 0 0007 0 0249 0 013 0 0002 0 0435 0 0088 0 0001 0 0264 0 0107 0 0 0245 0 0107 0 0453 0 0088 0 0001 Bioethanol 0 0249 0013 0 0002 By oc Figure 26 Fuel Information By pressing Provide Fuel Co
44. dation Parameters form Advanced Parameters f parameter reduction factor bc The cold start distance is calculated for first generation Euro 1 gasoline catalyst vehicles by means of the beta parameter This distance is decreased for more recent vehicle technologies as the exhaust after treatment devices heat up faster Therefore bc is the fraction of the Euro 1 distance which is required for later vehicle technologies to heat up This is why bc decreases with improving technology This form Figure 77 shows the bc values for all gasoline passenger car technologies A new bc value has to be provided by the user for any new technology introduced per pollutant in order for cold start emissions to be calculated If bc value is left zero then no cold start will be calculated 64 E P parameter reduction factor bc PC Euro 2 94 12 EEC PC Euro 3 38 69 EC Stage2000 PC Euro 4 38 69 EC Stage2005 IPC Euro 5 EC 715 2007 IPC Euro 6 EC 715 2007 LD Euro 2 SE 69 EEC ILD Euro 3 98 69 EC Stage2000 ILD Euro 4 38 69 EC Stage2005 LD Eure 5 2008 Standards ILD Eure 6 Gg cH EE 039 hm oo CH RE C02 M Figure 77 B parameter reduction factor bc form 65 5 1 8 Help Under this menu Figure 78 the user can view some quick start instructions on how to use the application the COPERT 4 Help Topics and some information about the programme The available options are Register Check for updates
45. dove a anga ga EE IR DURER US 43 LG EME SO agan ee ee aaa a a aaa a a naa a a a Ba a a gana ag 50 Dele JOAN E ra aan ngan Tm 55 FEO TEN asana a a ei aaa aa a aaa a E E aa aa a a aaa 66 GONTA E E 70 1 Introduction COPERT 4 is a Microsoft Windows software program which is developed as a European tool for the calculation of emissions from the road transport sector The emissions calculated include regulated CO NOx VOC PM and unregulated pollutants N20 NH3 SO2 NMVOC speciation and fuel consumption is also computed A detailed methodology supports the software application For more information regarding the methodology the user should consult the Methodology Report COPERT 4 is an updated version of COPERT III including both revised methodological elements and a reworked user interface aiming at a compilation of complicated annual national inventories that include multiple countries and years in a single file This manual discusses all advanced features What s New in COPERT 4 e User friendly environment e Multi window environment e Minimal user effort during inventory process e Easy to use wizards e Developed with Microsoft Visual Studio NET 2003 instead of Microsoft Access Runtime version of Access is no longer needed although data is stored in an Access file for backwards compatibility e Possibility for time series in one file e Possibility of more than one scenario in a single file e Enhanced import export capa
46. e factors are calculated and applied during the calculation of the hot emission factors in the Calculation Factors gt Hot Emission Factors form as soon as Yes is selected 56 Du RN Subsector Legislation Standard Urban Rural Highway mi Gasoline 33 5 t Conventional az Rigid lt 5 Conventional Rigid 7 5t HD Euro 81 542 EEC Stage Rigid 7 5t HD Euro Il 81 542 EEC Stage Rigid lt 7 5 HD Euro III 2000 Standards Rigid 7 5t HD Euro I 2005 Standards Rigid 7 5t HD Euro V 2008 Standards Rigid 27 5 HD Euro VI Tet Conventional 121 HD Euro 91 542 EEC Stage 121 HD Euro Il 81 542 EEC Stage Rigid 7 5 12t HD Euro IIl 2000 Standards Til TE 1AL LIM IT sam TA rmi g An nnm rn nnm 3 un nn Apply Road Slope Correction Ma TES Slope Class 2 Bv x oc Figure 68 Road Slope form Advanced SCR usage Euro V emission standards for trucks were the first limits that introduced the selective catalytic reduction SCR to curb NOx emissions SCR operates by injecting urea in the exhaust line Urea liberates ammonia which reacts with nitrogen oxides to produce nitrogen and water An alternative technique used by some manufacturers is the exhaust gas recirculation EGR where part of the exhaust is led back to the inlet of the engine where it acts as an inert gas in order to reduce the combustion temperature Both technologies are effective in meeting
47. e reported change depending on the species viewed PAHs POPs Dioxins and Furans are reported in g All other species are reported in tn 54 E 5 NMYOC Speciation by vehicle type P L JUDSECIO ra Gasoline 1 4 mz Gasoline lt 1 4 Gasoline 1 41 _ Gasoline 1 41 a Gasoline lt 1 41 EE Gasoline 1 4 __ Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 41 IN Gasoline 1 4 a Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 41 Gasoline lt 1 41 Ss Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 EN Gasoline 1 4 Ej Gasoline 1 4 iz Gasoline 1 4 Zz Gasoline 1 4 eu Gasoline 1 4 EN Gasoline 1 4 IN Gasoline 1 4 EN Gasoline 1 4 E Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 sector Passenger Cars il PRE ECE ECE 15 00 01 ELE 15 02 ELE 15 03 ECE 15 04 Improved Conventional Open Loop PC Euro 1 PC Euro 2 PC Euro 3 PL Euro 4 PC Eura 5 PC Euro 6 PRE ECE 917441 EEC 34 12 EEL 3B B3 EL Stage2U0 3B B3 EL Stage2005 EL 715 2007 EL 71572007 ELE 15700 01 ECE 15 02 ELE 15 03 ELE 15 04 Improved Conventional Open Loop PC Eura 1 PL Euro 2 PL Euro 3 PC Euro 4 Fi Fun A 31 441 EEC 34 1 2 EEE gB BS EL Stage2000 3B B3 EL Stage2 l5 Fi 715007 Figure 65 NMVOC speciation per vehicle type form 5 1 7 Advanced Under this menu Figure 66 the user can provide the parameters for advanced features of COPERT that are not necessary for the compilation of a standard national inventory but they
48. eet by double clicking the Select checkbox of the desired vehicle If the user wants to delete a vehicle from the fleet he can unselect it again by double clicking the Select checkbox The Default Type column shows if the specific type of vehicle is a Capert s default type or user defined The user can also apply the fleet configuration ta other years of the selected country by checking the years in the top right list 4 Figure 82 COPERT 4 Help Topics When the configuration is complete press OK and he nd With this command a form will appear Figure 83 that shows some information about the programme such as the version and the participants that take part in the research and development of COPERT 4 68 E emisia MISSION FOR ENVIRONMENT License agreement Close Figure 83 About COPERT 4 form 69 6 Contact In case you need assistance with installing and running the application or if you want to report any question or misbehaviour of the programme please contact e Dimitrios Gkatzoflias e mail dimitris gq emisia com tel 302310 473374 e Chariton Kouridis e mail charis k emisia com tel 302310 473374 e Giorgos Mellios e mail giorgos m emisia com tel 3 302310 473352 e Leonidas Ntziachristos e mail leon auth gr tel 302310 996003 e Zissis Samaras e mail zisis auth gr tel 4 302310 996014 70
49. er will be used by the programme with no additional corrections for mileage degradation load and slope effect and so on This value will not be changed when recalculating results In order to restore this emission factor to the COPERT 4 calculated value the user needs to deselect the Keep option and recalculate the emission factors 45 LES Hot Emission Factors Pollutant co Y Sector Passenger Cars iio Values ARN m Values g km NS uH Subsector Legislation Standard Urban Rural Highway R Urban Keep ural Keep Highway Keep Gasoline 1 4 PRE ECE 27 505 21 304 15 520 0 000 0 000 Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15 00 01 18 366 14 380 18 620 0 000 0 000 Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15 02 15 853 3 220 8 260 0 000 0 000 Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15 03 16 752 10 692 7 620 0 000 0 000 Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15 04 3 087 5 643 4 292 0 000 0 000 Gasoline 1 4 Improved Conventional 5 782 5 858 3 357 0 000 0 000 Gasoline 1 4 Open Loop 7 322 5 432 8 432 0 000 0 000 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 1 91 441 EEC 1 765 1 412 1 767 0 000 0 000 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 2 94 12 EEC 0 653 0 574 0 743 0 000 0 000 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 3 98 69 EC St 0 519 0 616 1 148 0 000 0 000 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 4 98 69 EC St 0 195 0 248 0 530 0 000 0 000 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 5 EC 715 200 0 195 0 248 0 530 0 000 0 000 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 5 EC 715 200 0 195 0 248 0 530 0 000 0 000 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 PRE ECE 27 505 21 304 15 520 0 000 0
50. es where the lube oil is intentionally delivered to the cylinder and part of the lube oil could be used to deliver some energy to the engine especially in older two stroke engines Emission factors of CO2 due to lube oil consumption per vehicle technology are provided in this form Figure 59 which are based on typical lube oil consumption factors for different vehicle types These emission factors can be used as is unless there are better estimates The user may also select whether lube oil consumption will be estimated in the total CO2 emissions or not Add CO2 Emissions due to lube oil Yes No Own emission factors may be preserved by selecting the Keep check box for any vehicle technology One can view the factors for each sector through the Sector drop down list 5 C02 Emission Factors due to lube oil Sector ESEI Ee Factors e i Values g km 5 41 Subsector Legislation Standard Urban Highway Urban Keep R Rural ural Keep Highway Keep b Gasoline 1 4 PRE ECE 0 663 0 663 0 663 0 E 0 E 0 r Gasoline 1 4 I ECE 15 00 01 0 663 0 663 0 663 0 r 0 0 r Gasoline 1 4 I ECE 15 02 0 663 0 663 0 663 0 FF 0 FF 0 Fr Gasoline 1 4 I ECE 15 03 0 663 0 663 0 663 o r o0 FF 0 Fr Gasoline 1 4 I ECE 15 04 0 663 0 663 0 663 0 r 0 0 Fr Gasoline 1 4 I Improved Conventional 0 663 0 663 0 663 0 r o0 r 0 Fr Gasoline 1 4 I Open Loop 0 663 0 663 0 663 0 r 0 r 0 FF Gasoline 1 4 PC E
51. for every input data Every sheet will have the vehicle types and columns for every selected year One can fill the cells under the year columns for every vehicle type the user wants After filling all the desired data close the Excel File and one can import the data through the File gt I mport Export gt Import Data Excel File form 11 d Create Import Format Excel File liv 2005 lw Population lw Mileage km per year lw Mean Fleet Mileage km lw U Speed km per h e A Speed km per h S elect all Unselect all Select all Unselect all Select Sector Technology lw H Speed km per h e U Share perc iw A Share perc Wl H Share perc lw Fuel Tank Size lt We Canister Size e Fuel Injection perc iw E vap Control perc Wl Evap U Share perc Wl Evap A Share perc Subsector mu Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Gasoline 1 4 l Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 l Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 PRE ECE ECE 15 00 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 ECE 15 04 Improved Conventional Open Loop PC Euro 1 31 441 EEC PC Euro 2 B4 12 EEC PC Euro 3 38 BS EC St PC Euro 4 38 B53 EC St PC Euro 5
52. he two values should not exceed a few percentage units for the input data to be considered representative of their application Therefore this check can provide a verification of the overall accuracy of the input data and that no severe inconsistencies have been introduced into the calculations If a significant deviation exists between the two values then you Should make sure that the statistical fuel consumption has been introduced correctly and it corresponds to the real amount of fuel consumed by vehicles operating in the area selected for the inventory If this figure is correct then some of the activity data need modifications To obtain a better match between the statistical and calculated fuel consumption one may propose e Modify the mileage fraction allocated to different driving modes Activity Data gt Input Fleet Data form Emission and consumption factors vary according to driving mode and therefore wrong estimations of the distance travelled under different conditions may provide an erroneous final result e Modify the speeds attributed to different driving modes Speeds introduced in the relevant fields of the Activity Data gt Input Circulation Data form correspond to the mean travelling speeds for the fleet of vehicles and have a significant influence on the emission and consumption factors e Make sure that the vehicle fleet has been correctly distributed to different vehicle technologies Activity Data gt Input Fleet Data for
53. ine 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 msi Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 SS Gasoline 1 4 a Gasoline 1 4 EN Gasoline 1 4 IE Gasoline 1 4 a Gasoline 1 4 m Gasoline 1 4 Basoline 1 4 2 0 m M FRE ECE ECE 15700 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 ECE 15 04 Improved Conventional Open Loop PC Euro 1 91 441 EEC PC Euro 2 94 1 2 EEC PC Euro 3 SB B3 EC Stage2000 PC Euro 4 SB B3 EC Stage2005 PC Euro 5 EC 715 2007 PC Euro 6 EC 715 2007 FHE ECE ECE 15 00 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 ECE 15 04 Improved Conventional Open Loop PC Euro 1 91 441 EEC PC Euro 2 94 1 2 EEC or V ee Ee amo c Figure 70 A C usage form Advanced gt Share of NO2 to NOK Passenger Cars In this form Figure 71 the user provides the share of NO2 to NOX via the NO2 NOX primary mass ratio If data is not available for a vehicle category just type N A Not Avaliable 59 T Share of NOZ to NOX Po Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 Basoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 Gasoline 1 4 20 Gasoline 1 4 20 PRE ECE ELE 157 00 01 ELE 15 02
54. l Info Figure 20 Country menu Country gt Select Add With this form Figure 21 the user can select which inventory s country and year wants to process One can also add a new country or a new year for an existing country by giving the country s name year Ltrip and t_trip the mean driving duration per trip average over the year and pressing Add Data 22 g f Select Add Country and Year Figure 21 Select Add Country and Year form Country Edit With this form Figure 22 the user can change the countries name years Ltrip and t trip zum Figure 22 Edit Country s Attribures form Country gt Delete 23 With this form Figure 23 the user can delete a country with all the years it has in the inventory file or a specific country s year Be careful with this actions because when someone deletes a country or a year they will also be deleted their fleet configuration activity data and all of their calculated factors and emissions E E Delete Country and or Year s 2005 Delete Selected Country and all Years Delete Selected rear Figure 23 Delete Country and or Year s form Country gt View All Run Details With this form Figure 24 the user can view all the run details for every country and year that the inventory file has iew All Run Details Beta Apply Stat Fuel Correction Mileage Degrad Mileage Degrad Factors FuelEffect Year Fuel Effect Factors Cal
55. l not modify the initial data mdb file 5 Starting COPERT 4 In order to start the COPERT 4 application go to Start gt All Programs COPERT 4 from your Windows system taskbar and select COPERT 4 As soon as the application starts the main interface appears Figure 2 On the application s title the user can see that no file is open yet Below the application s title there is a main menu bar of the programme and on the right side of the interface is a table which informs the user about the run details of the country and year he is processing One can hide the run details table by pressing the Hide Run Details area and press the Show Run Details area in order to view the table This table s data change any time the user make any changes to the inventory file So the user can see at any time what effect his changes take to the inventory process Note The user can open multiple forms at a time All the forms will be placed into the main interface area It is important to notice that changes can be made only to the first opened form The other forms can be opened only for viewing information This is done in order to keep consistency between the data that the user is viewing at any time COPERT 4 version 9 0 C data mdb File Country Fleet Configuration Activity Data Calculation Factors Emissions Advanced Help A Hide Run Details T 2 ob Ji DH i Mot Selected Mot Selected NENE um ERE i f FES
56. led in the Annex IV Table 1 sheet of the template S Export MFR Excel File nl xl NFR Excel File Browse cere Figure 12 Export NFR Excel File form File Reports After selecting a specific country from the Country gt Select Add form one can view auto generated reports of the selected country s emissions results The available options Figure 13 are Driving Mode Oriented and Source Oriented I mportant Note If you are having any trouble viewing the Reports please download and install the Reports software patch after installing COPERT 4 http www emisia com copert Download html File Country Fleet Configuration Activity Data Calc New Open Save Save Bs Close Mew Run Wizard Import Export k Reports Driving mode oriented Source Oriented Figure 13 Reports sub menu 17 File Reports Driving Mode Oriented With this form Figure 14 the user can view save and print reports with the emissions results of the selected country oriented by driving mode Urban Rural and Highway The results are grouped by pollutant and the user can view all the years results of the selected country After each year two pie charts follow concerning the year s results Figure 15 After all the years for each pollutant there are two bar charts where the user can view the results during all the years Figure 16 The user can navigate through the results with the arrows on top of the f
57. m Significant estimations may be necessary to adapt different national classification 52 especially before Euro vehicles to the vehicle technology classification of COPERT 4 Since different vehicle technologies have both different emission and consumption factors the particular allocation of vehicles has an impact on the also final result e Although the mileage driven per year has a linear effect on the total emissions this should be a relevantly evident figure which accepts minor modifications Moreover values like monthly temperatures RVP etc although have an effect on total emissions should not be changed because they should be considered much more reliable in comparison with those previously mentioned ar Fuel Balance Le E mI Fuel Statistical t Calculated t Deviation 52 Gasoline fossil amp bio 0 00 3872018 73 Infinity Diesel fossil amp bio 0 00 32721304 00 Infinity LPG 0 00 385 95 35 Infinity CNG 0 00 1820394 42 Infinity Figure 63 Fuel balance statistical and calculated results form Additionally it needs to be mentioned that emissions of fuel dependant pollutants CO2 SO2 Heavy Metals are calculated on the basis of the statistical fuel consumption To do so the total emissions as calculated by COPERT 4 with application of the fuel consumption factors are multiplied by the ratio Statistical Total Calculated fuel consumption for each fuel type In order to apply this correction the statis
58. ne 1366 70 140 85 2141 18 3648 74 ALKANES isopentane 3834 92 406 56 2964 94 7206 41 ALKANES hexane 381 91 101 10 560 26 1643 28 ALKANES heptane 423 81 35 79 457 54 317 23 ALKANES octane 401 58 41 08 0 00 442 BF J ALKANES 2 methylhexane 301 85 75 02 0 00 375 87 ALKANES nonane 65 37 7 36 0 00 72 73 ALKAMES 2 methylheptane 163 42 12 44 0 00 175 87 ALKAMES 3 methylhexane 517 14 54 52 0 00 571 75 ALKANES decane 758 47 17 02 0 00 775 48 Polyaromatic hydrocarbons dioxines and furans m Category Species Total a Ik PAHs POPs indeno 1 2 3 cd pyrene 277380 00 PAHs amp POPs benzo k fluoranthene 932566 00 PAHs amp POPs benzo bIfluoranthene 56665200 PAHs amp POPs benzo ghilperylene 277731 00 PAHs amp POPs flucranthene 4258144 00 PAHs amp POPs benzo alpyrene 191158 00 PAHs amp POPs pyrene 5337546 00 PAHs amp POPs perylene 45148 00 PAHs amp POPs anthanthrene 4630 00 PAHs amp POPs benzo bifluorene 1962553 00 PAHs amp POPs benzolelpyrene 449751 00 kf Recalculate NMVOC Speciation Results Figure 64 NMVOC Speciation form Emissions gt NMVOC Speciation per vehicle type In this form Figure 65 NMVOC speciation per vehicle type and substance is provided You may select the species to be viewed in the left hand side top drop down form and the vehicle type from the right hand side top drop down form Please note that the units that emissions ar
59. nsumption in TJ the user can provide the energy conversion factors Figure 27 Energy conversion factors are required to convert fuel consumption t used in COPERT to energy consumption TJ in order to report to UNFCCC Alternatively if energy consumption values are available from UNFCCC these can be converted to fuel consumption by using the inverse energy conversion factors According to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories the net or lower calorific value NCV should be used as the conversion factor for each fuel The net calorific value is the total energy produced when one kg of 26 fuel is combusted and the combustion products are returned to ambient temperature In simple words is the energy availability of one kg of fuel Liquid fuels used in transport are a mix of components The mixing ratio depends on the fuel origin and processing for fossil derived fuel and the feedstock for biofuels As a result the exact NCV of each fuel also depends on origin and feedstock A national survey in major refineries is required to obtain the exact NCV of fuels used in each country For guidance IPCC provides some default values for several fuels Table 1 2 of the Introduction chapter in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines Volume 2 Energy However these values appear not much relevant for European sources and biodiesel feedstocks COPERT suggested values have been originated from the 2004 International Energy Asso
60. one can delete a speed range by pressing the Delete Range button With the Formula button one can view the equation that is used in order to calculate the hot emission factors of the selected vehicle r i Hot Emission Factors Parameters Speed R Pollutant CO Pe d 2 C 3 Sector Passenger Cars Urban Mode Rural Mode Highway Mode Speed Limits Coefficients Include km h Speed Limit Subsector Legislation Standard Alpha Beta Zita Ita Thita RF Low Top Low Top Gamma Delta Epsilon b Gasoline 1 4 PRE ECE 10 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 281 0 63 0 v D al Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15 00 01 10 50 0 D 0 D 0 D 313 0 76 0 v E Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15 02 10 60 0 0 0 D 0 D 300 0 797 0 v E Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15 03 10 19 3 0 0 161 36 45 62 0 D 0 0 0 v O Gasoline 1 4 ECE 15 04 10 60 0 0 0 0 D 0 260 788 0 91 0 v E Gasoline lt 1 4 Improved Conventional 10 130 0 002478 0 294 14 577 0 0 0 0 0 0 v v Gasoline 1 4 Dpen Loop 10 130 0 002825 0 377 17 882 0 D 0 D 0 o v v Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 1 81 441 EEC 5 130 11 15320 0 12868 0 10150 0 00094 0 00067 D 0 0 0 v v Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 2 94 12 EEC 5 130 60 52564 3 49918 0 15204 0 0252 0 00016 D 0 o v v Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 3 98 69 EC St 5 130 71 70537 35 4066 11 4405 0 24830 D 0 0 0 0 v v Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 4 98 69 EC St 5 130 0 136241 0 0141 0 00089 4 99E 0 D 0 0 0 0 v v Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 5 EC 715 200
61. or vehicles equipped with evaporation control systems Controlled or without any control devices Uncontrolled Again own emission factors may be preserved by selecting the Keep check box for any vehicle technology and evaporation source The current methodology has superseded the Standard Corinair approach used in older COPERT versions and includes new emission factors based on a recent experimental dataset The Recalculate Evaporation Factors button executes the modules to calculate the evaporation factors in case the user has made changes during the session One can view the factors for each sector through the Sector drop down list 47 d Evaporation Factors Diumal warm Soak Carb Hot Soak Carb Soak Fuel Injection warm Running Losses Carb Hot Running Losses Carb Running Losses Fuel Injection Subsector Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I Legislation tandad FRE ECE ECE 15 00 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 ECE 15 04 Improved Conventional Open Loop PC Euro PC Euro 2 PC Euro 3 PC Euro 4 PC Euro 5 PC Euro B 31 441 EEC 34 1 2 EEC 3B BS EC St JB BS3 EC St EL 715 200 EL 715 200 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Gasoline 1 4 2
62. oration Pollutants with Evaporation Heavy Metals M Ex Bw Q A MainReport 2 2 2012 D 12 44 48 Emission Results Source oriented COPERT 4 version 9 0 POLLUTANT YEAR D PM exhaust co 2005 D OM Total Emissions Sector Total Emisions Source 1437 8503 n n o B lli Passenger Cars gi USA Dury vehicle Sun of Hot Sumnof Cold Sumol MAC Sum of Giube Heavy Duty Trucks fj Buses B D Mopeds Bl Mtercydes Sum of SCR Refresh Report Figure 18 Pie charts tn the reports form Report Emission Results Source oriented Pollutants without E vaporation Pollutants with Evaporation Heavy Metals amp fh a b Emission Results Source oriented COPERT 4 version 9 0 D PM exhaust 0 OM 0 EC D FC Py C02 D S02 Total Emisions Year amp Sector Bl Heavy Duty Trude BI Pazenger Car Bl Light Duty Vehicles O Buses Nl Moped Bl Motorcycles Total Emssions Total Emissions Year amp Source Total Page No 39 Zoom Factor 75 Figure 19 Bar charts in the reports form 21 File gt Exit With this command the user can exit the programme Before exiting the programme prompts for saving the data 5 1 2 Country Under the Country menu Figure 20 one can find the following commands Select Add Edit Delete View All Run Details Country Info and Fuel Info File Country Fleet Configuration Activity D Select Add Edit Delete view All Run Details Country Info Fue
63. orm or directly through the Group Tree section on the left side of the form One can view the pages of a specific pollutant by double clicking on the shadowed box with the pollutants name and a new tab will be created One can export the pages of the tab pdf xls doc or rtf format that are viewed by clicking on the envelope icon If someone wants to view specific years select the desired years from the list box on the right of the form and press Refresh Report Report Emission Results Driving Mode oriented Drivin ode oriented Pollutants Heavy Metals 4M b MEX amp amp s Q d H 0 co MainRepott H 0 vac fC NMVOC H 0 CH4 HD NOX H 0 NO Emission Results Driving Mode oriented COPERT 4 version 9 0 H 0 N02 m N20 H 0 NH3 POLLUTANT YEAR RURAL jt HIGHWAY t D PM2 5 307 973 98 236 518 08 249 059 32 793 571 39 m p PM10 c AM NN KMS Lu AEN LL XEM S LLL NEL d E O PM exhaust Passenger Cars 144 141 66 113 188 17 94 055 02 351 384 85 E Py EC Gasoline 1 4 1 49 079 96 38 349 05 31 181 53 118 610 54 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 44 510 38 35 641 75 27 608 73 107 760 87 fC OM Gasoline gt 2 0 40 048 01 32 721 95 323 825 93 96 595 90 aT FC Diesel 2 01 477 08 496 53 281 98 1 255 59 p DR C02 Diesel gt 2 0 1 477 08 496 53 281 98 1 255 59 Select Years LPG 5 382 27 2 448 85 7 376 38 15 207 49 D S02 2 Stroke 4 140 00 3 000 00 3 480 00 10 620 00 y 2005 Hybrid Gasoline lt 1 4 amp 96 11 17 6 16 26
64. ou save the file this word goes away By default during the installation a COPERT 4 mdb file will be created in the My Documents folder which can be used for the user s first run File gt Save This command allows the user to save the current instance of the run anytime during the inventory preparation All updates brought into the inventory up to this time will be saved and there is no way to retrieve data saved previously File gt Save as If the user wishes to rename the inventory he is working on or save it in a different folder this option prompts the user to do so via a standard Windows popup form By using this option one may create two versions of the same run and preserve data that were saved with the last File gt Save command File gt Close This command closes the current inventory Before closing the programme prompts for saving the data File gt New Run Wizard After creating or opening an inventory file one can use a wizard Figure 4Figure 4 which performs the basic steps in order to calculate a complete run ew Run Wizard Steps 1 Select Country and Year 2 Country Info 3 Fuel Info 4 Add Delete Vehicles Al Input Fleet Data 6 Input Circulation Data Total Emissions ETE Figure 4 New Run Wizard File gt I mport Export After selecting a specific country from the Country gt Select Add form one can import or export data from and to the programme Figure 5 The available options are
65. p files in the same directory A temporary directory is recommended 4 Double click the extracted file setup exe to start the installation procedure Figure 1 5 Follow the required steps of the installation 6 After installation you may delete the zip file It is no longer needed to complete the installation Note Microsoft NET Framework v1 1 or later is required to install COPERT 4 You can also download the file from the COPERT web site or from Microsoft s web site file size 23 1 MB This file should be downloaded and installed prior to installing COPERT 4 unless NET Framework v1 1 or later is already installed on your computer ig COPERT 4 Welcome to the COPERT 4 Setup Wizard The installer will quide you through the steps required to install COPERT 4 on your computer Cancel Figure 1 Installation Wizard 3 2 Uninstall procedure To completely uninstall the program from your computer From the Control Panel of your Microsoft Windows system double click the Add Remove Programs icon From the list select COPERT 4 and press Remove A typical Windows uninstall procedure will follow After doing so COPERT 4 will have been completely removed from your computer 4 Structure of the programme To have a better understanding of the programme use it would be helpful to familiarise yourself also with its structure This chapter helps you use the software more efficiently and take advantage of its special
66. rogramme informs the user about the data imported in the Results text area Data imported from COPERT III include l Activity Data Fleet Mileage 2 Usage Data Speeds Shares 3 Evaporation Data Evaporation Share Fuel RVP 4 Temperatures and average daily trip distance Since there is a new HDV classification in COPERT 4 Heavy Duty Trucks and Buses will not be imported during this process For more information on how to import them please refer to the following link http www emisia com versions copert3 html under Information and Datasheet with conversion 13 TT Import Data COPERT III Access File Inf Tou can import data from a COPERT IIl Access file that is created with COPERT III application Import COFERT Ill Access File Figure 8 Import Data COPERT Ill file form File gt I mport Export gt Export Data Excel File A form appears Figure 9 which can help the user create an Excel file with the same format of the files created by File gt Import Export gt Create Import Format Excel File form including results data After creating the Excel file the user can also use it as an alternative input source file from the File gt Import Export gt I mport Data Excel File form The Export Data Excel File form has a list with the years that the selected country includes in the opened file a list with the input data a list with the results data and a list with the vehicle types that ea
67. rs Evaporation Factors AIC Factors Coz due to lube ail Figure 52 Calculation Factors menu Calculation Factors gt Mileage Degradation With this form Figure 53 the user can calculate the mileage degradation factors which are used to provide an emission degradation factor depending on vehicle age or total mileage driven Relevant degradation factors are only given for EURO and later passenger cars and light duty vehicles only and apply to hot emissions only One can calculate the factors by pressing Recalculate Mileage Degradation Factors and view the factors for each pollutant through the Pollutant drop down list and for each sector through the Sector drop down list 43 Fm E Mileage Degradation Factors Pollutant CO Sector E DE CENE CES Subsector Legislation tandad Urb an Rural Highway r Gasoline lt 1 4 PC Euro 1 917 441 EEC Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 2 94 12 EEC 1 000 1 000 1 000 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 3 SS BS EL St 1 000 1 000 1 000 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 4 96 69 EC St 1 000 1 000 1 000 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 5 EC 15 200 1 000 1 000 1 000 Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro B EC 715 200 1 000 1 000 1 000 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 PC Euro 1 91 441 EEC 1 000 1 000 1 000 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 PC Euro 2 94 12 EEC 1 000 1 000 1 000 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 PC Euro 3 SS BS EL St 1 000 1 000 1 000 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 PC Euro 4 SB BS EL St 1 000 1 000 1 000 Gasoline 1 4
68. s Total Emissions With this form Figure 61 the user can calculate the total emissions for hot cold evaporation A C Lube oil and SCR emissions With the Recalculate area one can calculate the Hot Cold Evaporation Emissions with the corresponding buttons in case the user has made changes during the session With the All Emissions including all factors button one can calculate all the above emissions and the factors that are located under the Calculation Factors menu After calculating the emissions the user can view the results using the corresponding tabs One can view the emissions for each pollutant through the Pollutant drop down list and for each sector through the Sector drop down list I mportant Notes PM2 5 and PM10 total emissions and A C Lube oil and SCR emissions are calculated by pressing the All Emissions including all factors button When the user selects FC CO2 SO2 and heavy metals the relevant tabs of A C Lube oil and SCR emissions appear 50 F m B Total Emissions Pollutant C E Hot Cold Total Sector Passenger Cars pee um Urban R Highway Subsector Legislation Standard ural Gasoline 1 4 FRE ECE San 360 0521 794 Gazoline 1 4 ECE 15 00 01 3633 225 5752 000 7445 000 Gasoline 1 4 ELE 15 02 3171 827 3688 000 3204 000 Gazoline 1 4 ECE 15 03 335 400 4276 800 3048 000 Gazoline 1 4 ECE 15 04 1817 369 2
69. sumption to be used in the calculations The hydrogen to carbon atom ratio H C ratio is also provided Several values for heavy metal content and O C ratio are proposed However those values can be changed if more accurate figures are available These data can be different for every year and country One can apply Fuel Correction by checking the Apply Statistical Fuel Correction checkbox If zero values are provided in the Annual Fuel Consumption table then the user will be prompted if he is sure that he wants to apply fuel correction although zero values are provided Biodiesel Biodiesel use in Europe is increasing as a consequence of the biofuels promotion directive 2003 30 EC and subsequent efforts Currently biodiesel is blended in almost all commercial diesel fuels in Europe at proportions that do not exceed 596 vol Therefore biodiesel is already used by possibly every single diesel vehicle in Europe without the driver actually knowing it As a result biodiesel use is not limited to particular vehicle categories such as the biodiesel busses in COPERT The difference of the particular category is that these buses can operate at high biodiesel blending ratios i e up to 30 25 without this affecting their operation However this affects their emission level compared to normal busses The user of COPERT should separately provide statistical fuel consumption values for conventional diesel fossil diesel or petrodiesel an
70. t lw Total CH4 Emisst U NOZ Emiss i Temperatures and AH Wl Total VOC Erisst ye U NOS Emiss t Wl A MO Emiss lw AYP and beta Wl UMMVOC Emisst f A NO Emiss t lw H NOZ Emiss Select all gt Unselect all Select all Unselect all Select Sector Subsector Technology Passenger Cars Gazoline 1 4 I PAE ECE Passenger Cars Gazoline 1 4 I ECE 15700 01 Passenger Cars Gasoline 1 4 I ECE 15 02 Passenger Cars Gasoline 1 4 I ECE 15703 Passenger Cars Gasoline 1 4 I ECE 15 04 Passenger Cars Gasoline 1 4 I Improved Conventional Passenger Cars Gasoline 1 4 Open Loop Passenger Cars Gazoline 1 4 I PL Euro 1 81 441 EEC Passenger Cars Gasoline 1 4 I PC Euro 2 S41 2 EEC Passenger Cars Gasoline 1 4 I PC Euro 3 SB B3 EC 5t Passenger Cars Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 4 SS BS EC St Passenger Cars Gasoline 1 4 I PL Euro 5 EC 715 200 Passenger Cars Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 5 EC 715 200 Passenger Cars Gazoline 1 4 2 01 PRE ECE Passenger Cars Gazoline 1 4 2 01 ECE 15700 01 Passenger Cars Gazoline 1 4 2 01 ECE 15 02 p COC 16 02 Select all Unselect all Export File Figure 9 Export Data Excel File form E Nim m m mn mw m m m n ja UN aca I xl I I xl I lt 1 lt 1 lt 1 xl lt 1 lt 1 xol xl File gt I mport Export gt Export Corinair DBF File This form Figure 10 exports the current inventory into two files COP ACT DBF and COP EF DBF which include the activity data and the emission
71. ta menu Activity Data gt Input Fleet Data In this form Figure 49 the user can input data for Population Annual Mileage km year and Mean fleet mileage km The mean fleet mileage is relevant for both the calculation of evaporative emissions and the estimation of mileage degradation parameters The Mean fleet mileage column is the mean cumulative fleet mileage in kilometres for each vehicle technology In other words the mean distance travelled by the fleet vehicles of the specific technology level since their introduction in the market This value is then used to provide an emission degradation factor depending on vehicle age or total mileage driven 40 To move between vehicle sectors use the Sector drop down list t Input Fleet Data Gasoline 1 41 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 PRE ECE ECE 15 00 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 ECE 15 04 Improved Conventional Open Loop FC Euro 1 91 447 EEC PC Euro 2 B4 12 EEC FL Euro 3 SS BS EC Stage FL Euro 4 SS BS EC Stage PC Euro 5 EC 715 2007 PC Euro B EC 715 200 PRE ELE ECE 15 00 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 100000 100000 100000 100000 1
72. tention has been given to ensure that no erroneous data are inserted This can certify reasonable results It cannot guarantee their accuracy though if input data do not correspond to reality This is a user responsibility In order to be compatible with the application this manual is designed in the same way that the software is developed The contents in the manual are structured in the same order as the respective forms appear when preparing the inventory Hence it would be efficient to work with the program in parallel as you read the manual This is a rather tutorial use of this book In any case you can always refer to it for specific problems when you are quite acquainted with its use The following coding is used throughout the manual e Bold characters refer to a menu item button tab or drop down list which you can click e Bold Inclined characters are used for fields in which you can click enter read or select values Alternatively they can symbolise a file e Inclined characters refer to the application s forms e Underlined characters are used only to emphasise the context 2 Requirements 2 1 Software installed COPERT 4 is a 32 bit application and 32 bit Microsoft Windows platform is required Therefore the software is not designed for operation in Windows 3 x environment Minimum software requirements 2 2 Microsoft Windows 98 or Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition or Microsoft Windows Millennium Edition
73. the Euro V emission standards However in real world operation SCR is not efficient for exhaust gas temperatures below approximately 150 grad Celsius As a result the true NOx emission factors of SCR equipped trucks are much higher than EGR ones at low speeds Therefore allocating a realistic emission factor to Euro V trucks requires knowledge of the share of EGR and SCR equipped Euro V trucks in circulation This is provided in this form Figure 69 The user needs to introduce the percentage share of EGR equipped trucks in column EGR ratio Yo Then the column SCR ratio is calculated as the difference 100 EGR ratio 96 In order to assist the user some values have been already filled in These values originate from market surveys and sales of Euro V trucks in 2008 2009 and first quarter of 2010 These values therefore reflect our best knowledge for the year 2010 The user may change these values if better information is available On the basis of the same analysis the EGR ratio for 2008 was 26 6 and 24 6 for 2009 Since 2011 SCR has started to appear in some passenger 57 cars as well which have been produced to fulfill the Euro 6 standards An additional column UC as a of FC 96 is provided where the user has to introduce the urea consumption rate as a percentage of the fuel consumption rate This is only used to estimate the CO2 emissions produced by the consumption of urea While urea is consumed it liberates some CO2
74. tical fuel consumption needs to be introduced Country gt Fuel Info form Annual Fuel Consumption table In case the relevant figures miss the results are calculated on the basis of the calculated fuel consumption only Naturally this would mean that no statistical consumption figures exist for the specific fuel type and therefore the fuel balance is not valid Emissions NMVOC Speciation This form Figure 64 provides the total NMVOC speciation in different hydrocarbon species originating both from exhaust and evaporation emissions The upper part of the form presents the emissions of open chain and aromatic hydrocarbons in t and the lower part the total emissions of PAHs and POPs including furans and dioxins in g Please note that the speciation does not include 2 stroke engines and that when summed up the NMVOC species list gives a lower value than total NMVOC emissions because some of NMVOC is considered to be PAHs and POPs The Recalculate NMVOC Speciation Results button executes the modules to calculate the emissions in case the user has made changes during the session 53 TT NMYOC Speciation Open chain and single ring hydrocarbons 15 x E Category Species Hat t Cold ft Evap t Total t gt M ethane 1471 57 171 04 83 21 1725 82 ALKAMES propane 335 86 428 53 1428 38 2696 78 ALKANES butane 2655 45 381 72 1625 31 466247 ALKANES isobutane 1085 81 155 20 1214 82 2456 93 ALKANES penta
75. un using the COPERT 4 programme Help COPERT 4 Help Topics With this command a Help programme starts Figure 82 that gives instructions and information to the user on how to use the COPERT 4 application All the instructions are divided into chapters the same way the user manual does At any time during the inventory process the user can press F1 or the button to see the corresponding COPERT 4 Help Topic 67 E Copert 4 Help Topics e Hide Back Contents Index Search 3 Introduction Requirements Installing Copert 4 i Structure of the programme Ei G Starting Copert 4 E Main menu tems e File C Country El LT Fleet Configuration AddiDelete Vehicles Add Hew Type m QV Edit dO Delete User Defined Activity Data Co Parameters Co Calculation Factors C Emissions C Advanced Q Help Contact Helo gt About COPERT 4 gt HA Forward Refresh Home Print Options Alea Comiguration gt Adad Delete Vehicles With this form the user can select which types of vehicles will be in the fleet af selected country and year The user can view all the sectors ar a specific ane using the Sector list box He can view all the types of vehicles that are available in the inventory file or only the Copert s default vehicles or the user defined vehicles that were created with the X eet Configuration Ada New Type wizard The user can select which types of vehicles will take part in the fl
76. uro 1 91 441 EEC 0 596 0 596 0 596 0 r 0 r 0 r Gasoline 1 4 I PC Euro 2 94 1 2 EEC 0 53 0 53 0 53 0 r 0 O 0 Fr Gasoline 1 4 I PC Euro 3 98 69 EC St 0 464 0 464 0 464 o0 o0 0 FF Gasoline 1 4 I PC Euro 4 98 69 EC St 0 398 0 398 0 398 0 Fr 0 r 0 r Gasoline 1 4 I PC Euro 5 EC 715 200 0 398 0 398 0 398 0 r o0 FF 0 Fr Gasoline 1 4 PC Euro 5 EC 715 200 0 388 0 388 0 398 o r 0 0 Fr Gasoline 1 4 2 01 PRE ECE 0 663 0 663 0 663 0 r 0 O 0 Fr Gasoline 1 4 2 01 ECE 15 00 01 0 663 0 663 0 663 0 FF 0 fF 0 r Gasoline 1 4 2 01 ECE 15 02 0 663 0 663 0 663 0 r 0 0 r Gasoline 1 4 2 01 ECE 15 03 0 663 0 663 0 663 0 r 0 r 0 r Gasoline 1 4 2 01 ECE 15 04 0 663 0 663 0 663 0 O o O 0 Gasoline 1 4 201 Improved Conventional 0 663 0 663 0 663 0 r 0 r 0 r Gasoline 1 4 2 01 Open Loop 0 663 0 663 0 663 0 r 0 o Fr bd Ed v Accept User Values Changes o Discard User Values Changes Figure 59 CO2 due to lube oil 49 5 1 6 Emissions Under this menu item Figure 60 the user can calculate and view results concerning the total emissions The available options are Total Emissions Total Emissions of all years Fuel Balance NMVOC Speciation and NMVOC Speciation per vehicle type File Country Fleet Configuration Activity Data Calculation Factors Emissions Advanced Help Total Emissions Total Emissions of all years Fuel Balance APOC Speciation MIT OC Speciation per vehicle type Figure 60 Emissions menu Emission
77. ve emissions to different driving modes 96 To move between vehicle sectors use the Sector drop down list Input Evaporation Data ib Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 I m Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 I _ Gasoline 1 4 I quj Gasoline 1 4 I Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 I a Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 I i Gasoline 1 4 Im Gasoline 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 I Ir Gasoline 1 4 2 a Gasoline 1 4 2 Gasoline 1 4 2 P Gasoline 1 4 2 mm Gasoline 1 4 2 Gasoline 1 4 2 Raacslnn 1 A PRE ECE ECE 15 00 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 ECE 15 04 Improved Conventional Open Loop PC Euro 1 81 441 EEC PC Euro 2 34 1 2 EEC PC Euro 3 98 69 EC Stage200 PC Euro 4 98 69 EC Stage200 PC Euro 5 EC 715 2007 PC Euro B EC 715 2007 PRE ECE ECE 15 00 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 ECE 15 04 Improved Conventional Pe ce I tmm Figure 51 Input Evaporation Data form 42 5 1 5 Calculation Factors Under this menu Figure 52 the user can use forms in order to calculate emission factors that will be used in the total emissions calculations The available options are Mileage Degradation Fuel Effect Hot Emission Factors Cold Emission Factors Evaporation Factors A C Factors and CO2 due to lube oil File Country Fleet Configuration Activity Data Calculation Factors Emissions 4dyar Mileage Degradation Fuel Effect Hot Emission Factors Cold Emission Facto
78. viding the new name in the Name textbox and pressing Change In the Order tab the user can change the order of the subsectors appearance in all the data tables Figure 40 In order to do that change the number next to the subsector The subsectors are sorted in ascending order according to this number k Edit Subsector Order Properties E foc Figure 39 Edit Subsector form Properties tab 34 E Edit Subsector el xl Urder Properties Gasoline lt 1 4 Gasoline 1 4 2L 2 Gasoline 2 0 3 Diesel 22 0 4 Diesel gt 2 0 5 LPG b 2 Stroake f Hybrid Gasoline 1 4 B Hybrid Gasoline 1 4 2 0 4 Hybrid Gasoline gt 2 0 10 Gasoline 3 5 11 Diesel 23 5 t 12 Gasoline 3 5 4t 13 Diesel 35 5t 14 Diesel 5 16 15 Diesel 16 32 t Sir o c Figure 40 Edit Subsector form Order tab Fleet Configuration Edit Technology With this form Figure 41 the user can change the user defined technologies names by selecting the technology in the Properties tab providing the new name in the Name textbox or a new euro number in the Euro No textbox and pressing Change In the Order tab the user can change the order of the technologies appearance in all the data tables Figure 42 In order to do that change the number next to the technology The technologies are sorted in ascending order according to this number 35 Edit Technology Properties Order Properties M ame

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