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1. 5 Calibrating temperature sensor reading CA The thermometer correct reading is set at 0 C The reading given by the thermometer can be adjusted if you find that the temperature reading is incorrect using a calibrated thermometer 5 1 Calibrating the temperature sensor measurement CA 5 2 Press and hold SETT for 3 sec 5 3 Push or until code CA appears in the temperature screen 5 4 Push SET 5 5 Push or to adjust to the correct measurement Note that the adjustment is the difference between the thermometer readings and should be adjusted with if the temperature reading of the incubator is to high and normal value indicating value if the incubator reading is too low 6 Temperature Upper and lower limit set Hs and Ls HS High Set and LS Low Set set the limit of the setting range of the desired temperature setting incubating temperature adjustment If HS is set as 38 2 and LS is set as 37 4 then the desire temperature incubating temperature adjustment can only be changed from 38 2 to 37 4 so the minimum temperature shall be limited to 37 2 even if the is kept on pressing The same goes for the High Set Limit This is to prevent accidental out of range temperature setting 7 Display Symbols 5 8 Using your Incubator 1 Test your incubator to see if it functions properly 2 Connect the egg turner plug to the control plug inside the egg co2. AH The temperature alarm is factory set to sound at 1 C over or below the set temperature This is sufficient and you do not need to make any changes to these settings 3 1 Low temperature alarm parameter setting AL 3 1 1 Press and hold SETT for 3 sec 3 1 2 Push or until code AL appears in the temperature screen 3 1 3 Push SET 3 1 4 Push or to adjust to your desired lower alarm setting 3 2 Higher temperature alarm parameter setting AH 3 2 1 Press and hold SETT for 3 sec 3 2 2 Push or until code AH appears in the temperature screen 3 2 3 Push SET 3 2 4 Push or to adjust to your desired higher alarm setting 4 Humidity alarm parameter settings As The humidity alarm is factory set to sound at 45 humidity This is sufficient and you should not deed to make any changes to these settings 4 1 Low humidity alarm parameter setting AS 4 2 Press and hold SETT for 3 sec 4 3 Push or until code AS appears in the temperature screen 4 4 Push SET 4 5 Push or to adjust to your desired lower alarm setting By filling both water channels the humidity should rise to 60 dependant on the local humidity levels and the time of year tend to fill both my water channels every 4 to 5 days and at day 18 when remove the egg trays I over fill them to increase the humidity to about 65
3. ability also decrease as the hen s egg production drops with age and is highest during her first and second laying season Hatching eggs selection It is important to consider the size shape and shell texture when selecting eggs for hatching Best results are obtained by setting eggs that are around the average egg weight for the type of poultry Since egg size is highly heritable the rejection of small eggs will help to maintain good egg size in the progeny Extra large or small eggs are a handicap in the incubator The egg shape is hereditary so continual use of badly shaped eggs perpetuates and increases this fault Only eggs with good shell texture should be used for hatching Shell texture is not heritable however weak shelled eggs may crack enabling bacteria to enter or excessive moisture to be removed from the egg Porous shelled eggs increase the rate of moisture loss during storage and incubation Hair cracks that are too small for the naked eye to detect can be found by placing a strong light behind the egg Egg colour does not affect hatchability First Season Eggs Any fertile egg will hatch in the right conditions but best practice is to only hatch hen eggs of 12 months and older even 12 month old hen eggs can be smallish depending on when she hatched If a chook is hatched in August Sept Oct it will produce hatchable eggs at a younger age than one hatched in January Feb Mar They will have matured and got their pullet size
4. ad end up use wire meshed tray floors or chicks or other similar material a Incubator or hatching unit or Set 1 b Only set eggs of the breed b iSettingrsmalleggs average size d Too much fumigant left in F ae tal E d As in 2 b e Too much moisture in hatcher e As in 4 chicks g Low average temperature hates during period of incubation 8 As in 2 a Spraddlinig Hatching trays too smooth cover slippery floors with burlap aiin moisture in Asin4 Small chick Heavy il f Send chicks to a veterinary breathing f Possibly infectious disease laboratory for diagnosis h Incubator has poor ventilation i Omphalitis navel infection Mushy i Carefully clean out and fumigate the incubator using uae ae a formaldehyde at the higher strength disinfect all equipment Hatch not coming off evenly set eggs at least once a week and never retain hatching eggs longer than 10 days before setting Setting eggs too diverse in age or size 10 eee Incubating Your Eggs 1 How must I store eggs Your eggs need to settle for at least 24 hours if they came through the post This allows the air cell inside the egg to return to its normal size Eggs should always be stored with the pointy end down while they are in the hold It s a good practice to follow and it will help your hatch If you receive eggs that are getting old you may only let them settle overni
5. ature needs to be raised Tle You can check your Thermometer this way Keep notes on everything you do during the incubation period As you learn you ll have these notes to look back on They will be the most valuable tool that you can have It won t be long until you can say I know what happened all I need to do is change this one little thing Soon you will be able to make adjustments by knowing what to do instead of guessing 5 How do I check humidity Humidity is checked by way of a hygrometer wet bulb thermometer in conjunction with a regular dry bulb thermometer A hygrometer is simply a thermometer with a piece of wick attached to the bulb The wick hangs in water to keep the bulb wet hence the name wet bulb thermometer When you read the temperature on the thermometer and hygrometer you must then compare the readings to a chart to translate from wet bulb dry bulb reading to percentage humidity From the relative humidity table you can see 60 humidity reads about 30 5 degrees C on a wet bulb at 37 5degrees C 60 humidity reads about 31 6degrees C on a wet bulb at 38 6degrees C 80 humidity reads about 33 8degrees C on a wet bulb at 37 5degrees C 80 humidity reads about 35degrees C on a wet bulb at 38 6degrees C Getting your humidity to become as accurate as your temperature is nearly impossible It is almost completely impossible with a small incubator Try to get your humidity as close as you ca
6. been set Eggs which are deformed should not be incubated or placed in incubator Eggs which are noted to be cracked at the time of collection are generally discarded and grossly contaminated eggs may also be discarded at this time If such eggs are particularly valuable they should be separated from other eggs for incubation due to the greater risk of infection Eggs which become cracked during incubation may be repaired if the crack is small with e g surgical grade cyanoacrylate glue candle wax dripped onto the crack nail varnish correction fluid or sticky tape it has been suggested that products containing acetone should be avoided due to possible toxicity Eggs which are cracked should be incubated in an incubator not under parent or broody with extra care taken in their handling and monitoring It is important to ensure that the material used to cover the crack is applied to the minimum surface of the shell required to seal the crack A thin layer of bone cement may be applied over a crushed area of shell and a hole in the shell may be repaired by gluing an appropriate piece if sterilized shell parafilm tissue or gauze over the defect Care should be taken to avoid sealing over larger areas of the shell than absolutely necessary as this prevents necessary gaseous exchange If the shell membranes have been penetrated the egg is likely to have become contaminated with pathogens and the yolk embryo or blood vessels may have been
7. eggs over and done with through winter whereas a January hatched pullet is too young to have started laying before winter therefore their pullet eggs won t start until Spring BUT because they are older and stronger when they come into lay their eggs get bigger quicker if that makes sense Pullet eggs will produce small chicks and more often than not these will become smaller hens who will in turn have smaller eggs who will have smaller chicks and so on r In saying that the chicks seem to be just as healthy and if the eggs area reasonable size I would just go for it start adding meat bird crumble to their starter crumble at about 4 weeks old and that will give them a really good protein boost and they will grow better Just don t hatch any very petite eggs Collection and storage of hatching eggs Embryonic development continues if fertile eggs are maintained above 20 C Therefore it is essential to collect eggs frequently and store them under cool conditions Eggs should be collected at least twice daily and preferably three or four times For best hatchability eggs should be stored no longer than a week before setting The best temperature for storing hatching eggs is 10 to 16 C Storage humidity is also important Humidity below 70 per cent causes the eggs to lose excessive moisture Below are the correct wet bulb readings for a given humidity at the storage temperature If you do not have a specific cool room store the eg
8. ght 2 When is my incubator ready to start incubating By the time you have gotten your eggs your incubator should have been running at least 24 hours A week is even better This gives you time to learn what s going to happen in your incubator and allows you to make any necessary adjustments before setting your eggs A surefire way to ruin hatching eggs is to put them in the incubator without having it properly adjusted Take note of the term internal temperature Don t confuse internal egg temperature with internal incubator temperature The temperature in an incubator changes constantly rising and lowering The temperature inside the egg will be an average of this temperature swing in your incubator 3 What must the temperature and humidity be inside my incubator This is plain and simple yet the MOST important part of hatching Fan Forced incubator 37 5 degrees C measured anywhere in the incubator Humidity 55 for the first 18 days 60 65 for the last 3 days in the hatcher 4 Is my thermometer accurate Thermometers go bad Keeping the temperature accurate can be a struggle even with very good thermometers A nice part about running a big incubator over an extended period is that you can tweak the temperature regardless of what thermometers tell you After the first hatch you can raise or lower the temperature by what the hatch tells you If they hatched early the temperature needs to be lowered If they hatch late the temper
9. ghtly shortened or lengthened incubation period while greater variation may cause failure to develop or hatch or result in weak chicks Incorrect incubation conditions have also been implicated in some developmental problems of neonatal birds In general correct incubation conditions are most crucial early in incubation with small variations being tolerated better by the embryo later in development For this reason eggs are sometimes left with the parents initially for seven to ten days until they have been set and transferred to an artificial incubator after this most crucial period in the hope that the birds will then lay again Alternatively 13 eggs are placed under a broody hen initially before being placed in an artificial incubator Both procedures may improve hatching success compared to complete artificial incubation Egg cleanliness is of vital importance it has been shown that poor hygiene and dirty eggs may significantly reduce the percentage of eggs hatching successfully It is important that the laying sites are clean as well as conditions following egg collection Eggs cool down once laid therefore the contents shrink and air is drawn into the egg bacteria may be drawn in at the same time Invasion of bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli may lead to death of embryos or neonates Eggs may be cleaner if they are collected immediately after laying rather than after they have
10. gs ina cool dry place Eggs stored under conditions where the temperature and humidity vary tend to start and stop incubation resulting in pre incubation and lower hatchability Dry bulb 60 relative h 70 Batis 80 relative humidity humid n ers TETEE eti re 5 Other factors affecting success Rough or careless handling when transferring eggs to the hatching compartment or prolonged delays during transfer resulting in chilling may cause embryo deaths Excessive inbreeding of poultry may result in lethal or semi lethal genes which also cause mortality during incubation Consistent temperature A hen s normal body temperature varies between 40 5 and 41 7 C depending on the bird and her degree of activity at the time The optimum temperature at the centre of an incubated egg is approximately 37 8 C When hatching under a broody hen the upper surface of the egg may reach 39 2 to 39 4 C but the egg s centre will not exceed 37 8 C In modern fan forced incubators the manufacturer s recommended temperature setting is between 37 5 and 37 64 C The lethal temperature for eggs is 39 4 C The constant and rapid air movement in this type of incubator keeps the eggs temperature the same as the incubator s An embryo s heat production increases as incubation progresses The temperature increase is greatest during the last two days due to embryo activity Egg temperature rises up to 2 C above the incubator s ambient air temperature w
11. hich is why the temperature is often lowered by up to 1 C Incubation faults and causes checklist How to locate and rectify faults in incubation technique Problem Probable causes Action a Check mating ratios according females to breeder s recommendations b See that cockerels are able to feed separately otherwise hens may eat all the feed b Male is undernourished c Do not use too many males always rear breeding males together erect temporary solid partitions between breeding pens or inside large pens d See that housing is comfortable and proper drinking fountains are provided for breeding pens e Male is too old e Replace old birds f Male is sterile f Replace with another male g Eggs kept too long or under g Do not keep hatching eggs Too many clears or infertile eggs c Interference among males during mating d Damaged combs and wattles among males 8 the wrong conditions before setting longer than seven days store them in a cool temperature 10 15 6 C at relative humidity around 75 80 a Check thermometers thermostats and electricity Blood rings a Incubator temperature too which high or low supply follow manufacturer s indicate instructions very early b Use the correct amount of embryonic b Incorrect fumigation fumigan
12. humidity in the incubator unless the depth is zero If the humidity is too low in your incubator add surface area Place another pan of water in the incubator or some small wet sponges This will help Alternatively you can spray the eggs with a fine mist To decrease the humidity remove surface area Use smaller containers of water or undo some of the things you ve added 8 How long will it take to incubate chicken eggs The incubation period for chicken eggs is 21 days You should turn your eggs at least three times a day for the first 18 days and stop turning after the 18th day or use a hatcher if you have eggs from different days in the same machine This allows the chick time to orient itself inside the egg before piping After day 18 KEEP THE INCUBATOR CLOSED except to add water This will help bring the humidity up to help the chicks hatch I know it will kill you not to open the incubator 1000 times when it s this close to hatch time but it s not good for the chicks If you haven t bought an incubator yet invest the extra couple bucks in the picture window model Then you can see it all without causing harm to your hatch General Tips About Egg Incubation Correct incubation conditions are important for development and hatching of eggs The required conditions vary considerably between species and some species appear more exacting in their requirements than others Minor deviations in correct temperature may lead to a sli
13. instruction What you will find inside your packaging Foam protection Incubator Power cord Instruction booklet KEY T Testing your unit for the first time 2 Setting the temperature 3 Temperature alarm parameter settings AL and AH 4 Humidity alarm parameter settings AS 5 Calibrating temperature sensor reading CA 6 Temperature Upper and lower limit set HS and LS 7 Heating Element HU and HD 8 Display Symbols 9 Using your incubator 1 Testing you unit for the first time 1 1 Connect the egg turner plug to the control plug inside the egg compartment 1 2 Connect the provided power supply to the back of the unit and your power source 1 3 Switch on your power source 1 4 Switch your unit on 1 5 You will hear an alarm sounding due to low temperature humidity 1 6 Press any of the green buttons to cancel the alarm 1 7 By opening the incubator and filling the water channels you will notice the humidity reading increase 1 8 Let the unit run for 2 hours to note the egg turner turning 2 Setting the temperature 2 1 Push SET once 2 2 Push or to select the desired temperature 2 3 Push SET once more to exit These incubators are factory set at 38 C found the chicks hatch at day 19 to 20 meaning the temperature being to high Using the method as described above recommend you set the temperature at 37 6 C 1 3 Temperature alarm parameter settings AL and
14. mpartment 3 Fill one or both water channels depending on local humidity levels 4 Set the eggs with the pointy side down 5 Close the lid and switch on the incubator 6 Press the reset button left green button to reset and start the day counter from 0 this will also rest the egg turning countdown back to 1 59 7 Keep an eye on the humidity reading and fill the water channels when needed normally every 4 days 8 At day 18 you should remove the tray with the turning mechanism and place the eggs on top of he bottom grid 9 At the same time it is important to fill both water channels to increase the humidity this is very important to ensure that the eggshells are soft enough for the chicks to break through 10 You should never open the lid when the chicks start to hatch If you do the loss of humidity will cause the eggshells of the unhatched eggs to dry out and they won t able to break through the egg Incubating tips Egg and incubator hygiene Proper hygiene is essential to achieve good hatching results Poor hygiene causes chicks to die in their first 10 days of life Only clean eggs should be used for incubation Dirty eggs are potential carriers of diseases that thrive and multiply in the ideal heat and moisture conditions of the incubator If you need to incubate dirty eggs wash them first in warm water 44 49 C that contains disinfectant at a rate recommended by the manufacturer most household disinfectant
15. n and you ll be fine Just being aware that humidity is important and trying to get the numbers to come in close will be a huge help to your hatch If you can hold within 10 15 things should turn out fine death but a small deviation in temperature even a couple degrees can and will ruin a hatch Or at least turn a potentially great hatch into a lousy one 6 An important point about incubator humidity As seasons change so goes humidity When you are incubating eggs in January and February it will be very difficult to maintain a humidity that is as high as you like That s because the outside humidity is so low Depending on where you live By the same token when you are incubating in June and July the outside humidity is usually much greater and the humidity in your incubator will most likely get much higher than you would like Hatching problems will change as the season progresses If you are doing things the same way in July as you were in January you have to expect different results All we are trying to say here is that your incubator humidity changes directly according to the outside 9 humidity Low outside low in the incubator High outside high in the incubator To adjust for these problems you need to change the surface area of water in your incubator 7 What is surface area Surface area is the amount of surface of water exposed to air in your incubator The depth of water has absolutely no bearing on the
16. physically damaged Hatchability is greatly reduced A piped egg which is being parent or broody incubated and becomes damaged should be moved to a hatching incubator Records Accurate and detailed records are very important in incubation All eggs should be individually identified and details recorded including the identity of the parents and details of their pedigree nutrition and breeding and incubation behavior initial weight date of setting details of incubation such as results of candling incubator used weight loss if this is being monitored expected and actual hatching dates as well as evaluation of the hatched chick or results of investigation into eggs which fail to hatch 14 Parent incubation generally provides the ideal conditions of temperature and humidity for development and hatching However not all species or individuals are equally good sitters particularly in captive situations in which birds may be disturbed and not feel secure Additionally small species in particular are vulnerable to predation while sitting especially if nesting in an open site Also normal incubation behavior may not be suitable for birds being maintained in an environment very different from their native habitat If allowed to sit hatch and rear their chicks most birds will produce only one clutch a year whereas two three or even more clutches of eggs may be produced if the eggs are removed It may be less easy to monitor parent sa
17. rs as you risk infecting your flock Breeding stock nutrition The egg provides a complete food store for proper embryo development except gaseous oxygen which enters the egg through pores in the shell Breeding stock must be fed a well balanced diet to fully meet the embryos nutrient requirements The deficient nutrients are usually vitamins or minerals A deficiency of these in the breeders diet may not show any ill effects in the breeders though hatchability may be affected which is why different categories are fed specific diets Nutritional deficiencies such as a lack of riboflavin are the main causes of embryo mortality during the middle stage of incubation i e between the 12th and 14th days Hens vitamin and mineral requirements for laying eggs are lower than those of breeders The breeder s diet should begin six to eight weeks before hatching eggs are required with particular attention to vitamin A D3 riboflavin pantothenic acid biotin folic acid vitamin B12 and the mineral manganese Deficient ai Leads to poor hatchability with a high incidence embryos which are excessively moist vers bility and causes a high incid Age of breeding stock If the male bird is active not too large or overweight and fertile his age has little or no effect on hatchability or the vigour of the chicks The older the cock bird the fewer hens he can mate effectively without loss of fertility Fertility and hatch
18. s are suitable and dry the eggs quickly after washing using separate paper towels Do not soak eggs for longer than four minutes to avoid affecting fertility and do not soak eggs in cold water as it encourages bacterial penetration through the eggshell Fumigating eggs immediately after collection also helps with hygiene A suitable fumigant is formaldehyde gas which is made by mixing 1 part by weight of potassium permanganate Condy s crystals with 1 5 parts by volume of 7 formalin see Table 1 for the correct amounts for each application Place the chemicals in a dish on the floor of the incubator Place the Condy s crystals into the dish first and then pour the formalin over it Shut the incubator door quickly and vacate the room For proper fumigation run the machine normally with the correct temperature and humidity After 20 minutes open the vents or the door and air the machine for a few minutes Again vacate the room Healthy stock It is important that eggs from only a healthy flock are used for hatching as some diseases can be transmitted through the egg The egg transmittable diseases to be most aware of are salmonella infections fowl typhoid and Mycoplasma gallisepticum Eggs laid by birds infected with disease may fail to hatch Of those that do hatch some birds may die during brooding and the survivors may act as carriers and infect healthy chicks Do not add eggs from unknown sources to make up numbe
19. t Do not fumigate death procedure between 24 and 96 hours after setting J Asin EOS a As in 2 a b Turn the eggs regularly at least three to five times a day always turn the eggs in the reverse direction each time b Eggs not properly turned c Breeding stocks nutrition is deficient if deaths are high in days 10 and 14 d I ilation b l d Incubator s ventilation faulty a ii TEARS ngga e Use eggs only from healthy stock check that hatchery hygiene is sound and carried out regularly c Check that feeding is sound Many dead in shell e Infectious diseases IEL i failing to a Insufficient moisture in the a Increase the evaporating hatch incubator surface of water or the sprays b Too much moisture at earlier b Check wet bulb readings 39 ee c Nutrition problem a Incubator s temperature too too late low c Sticky c Incubator s temperature chicks probably too high c Check flock feeding a b c Ensure the temperature regulating gear is working and set at the correct operating temperature when the control switches off m ee s temperature too a As in 2 a Malformed ai Seek pau hicks aaa ator s temperature too b As in 2 a c Eggs set incorrectly or not c As in 3 b also take care to set properly turned after setting the eggs bro
20. t eggs for fertility and continued development with an attendant risk of disturbing the birds In captive conditions it may be more likely that nesting materials will not be fresh and clean but contaminated with droppings or include mouldy vegetation 15
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