Home

Newton`s Second Law P-4

1. How is the friction force affected by the cart s mass Explain How is the acceleration affected by the cart s mass Explain When the cart accelerates does the position change linearly or not Explain What will happen to the ae when m 1000 Kg and M 0 5 Kg Place these values in the equation assume that the ariction stays the same as the first measurement What is the meaning of the received value Experiment P 4 Newton s Second Law Ver 3 14 5
2. if needed Te rp e D Back Experiment Erase Single Run Setup Experiment Step Experiment 0 0 0 5 1 1 5 2 2 5 R tA Jo 23 Time Second Show Unzoom Zoom Zoom Select Line i Zone Width Functions Grid Graph Table Point Area If your graph is not similar to the one above check that the cart moves against the motion sensor all the time and check that there are no objects sending an echo to the sensor save your graph How do the velocity and acceleration graphs should look like Draw the expected graphs Experiment P 4 Newton s Second Law Ver 3 14 5 8 NeuLog EF 28 Erase the graph by clicking on the Erase Experiment Icon 29 Click on the sensor s Module box and change the sensor s mode to velocity m s 30 Place the cart on the starting position again and click on the Run Experiment icon D to start the measurement 31 Drop the slotted mass hanger release the cart and observe its movement 32 Your graph should be similar to the following use the Zoom fit icon a if needed NeuLog Al EA To E gt Back Experiment Erase Single Setup Experiment Step 1 0 0 5 1 1 5 2 2 5 3 3 5 4 45 5 Time Second Q RA le bs H Be Unzoom oom Select Li Sh Zoom Zoom Grid Graph Table Point Area ine ow All Zone Width Functions 33 Save your graph 34 The velocity of the cart starts from zero increases and then decreases when the mass hanger reaches the floor 35 To calculate the acceleration of the fi
3. 0 05 Kg 9 8 m s 0 21N 0 45 Kg 0 28 N 0 45 Kg 0 62 m s The calculated ar is very close to the measured arp 0 65 m s in our example Experiment P 4 Newton s Second Law Ver 3 14 5 43 12 NeuLog TJ Fill the first column in the table with your results and calculations Cart 100 g Cart 100 g Cart 100 g Slotted masses Slotted masses Slotted masses 300 g 250 g 200 g m s aaier N f ravit N AF auaa m s1 AF meae uea m s 44 45 46 47 48 49 This is the data for the example measurement Cart 100 g Slotted masses 300 g M 0 4 Kg m Kg m Kg mr Kg friction N 65 NI aF calculated AF measured S Remove a 50 g slotted mass from the cart Repeat the measurement and fill the second column in the table Compare the calculated ap with the measured ar Remove another 50 g slotted mass from the cart Repeat the measurement and fill the third column in the table Compare the calculated a p with the measured ar Experiment P 4 Newton s Second Law Ver 3 14 5 13 NeuLog x Challenge experiment 50 51 J2 53 Calculate the required hanged mass that balances the friction force of the cart with a 300 g mass Hang your calculated mass on the mass hanger Pull the cart to the beginning of the track and push it What should be the velocity of the cart Run the experiment and check it Summary questions 1 2
4. 1 NeuLog EF Experiment P 4 Newton s Second Law amp Objectives To study the relationship between force mass and acceleration according to Newton s second law To use different masses and examine the results Modules and Sensors PC NeuLog application USB 200 module O NUL 213 Motion logger sensor Equipment and Accessories 1m Track Track leg Track rider Cart with hook Reflector plate Utility stand Right angle clamp 20 rod Extension clamp Rod with pulley 50 g slotted mass 100 g slotted mass Slotted mass for challenge slotted mass holder rod Slotted mass hanger 150 cm Thread ss POW e WH NY a XL NN The items above are included in the NeuLog Mechanics kit MEC KIT Experiment P 4 Newton s Second Law Ver 3 14 5 2 NeuLog x Introduction Newton s second law of motion was the first to define accurately the relationship between force mass and acceleration The acceleration is linearly proportional to the net applied force in the same direction The net force is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration F m a The purpose of this activity is to study the relationship between force mass and acceleration Slotted masses with a total of 300 g 250 g or 200 g will be placed on the cart A 50 g mass connected to the cart by a thread will be dropped The cart will be pulled and it will move on the track You will measure the cart s pos
5. ition and velocity using a motion sensor and calculate its acceleration in the different stages The following graph describes the velocity of a cart on a track The following formula describes the velocity in each stage V Vo at Vo Is the initial velocity a is the acceleration When the force F pulls the cart and mass hanger its velocity increases and the acceleration is positive The force F is equal to fgravity the force that gravity exerts on the mass hanger minus friction the friction force which is on the opposite direction When the mass lands on the floor the cart is not pulled by it and the velocity decreases because of the friction force friction and the acceleration is negative in positive displacement Experiment P 4 Newton s Second Law Ver 3 14 5 3 NeuLog EF Procedure Experiment setup 1 Set up the experiment as shown in the picture below 2 Assemble a 1 m track with two legs and a track rider 3 Place a utility stand in each side of the track 4 Assemble the cart with the slotted mass holder rod and the reflector plate 5 One side of the track should be near the end of the table Install the rod with the pulley which should be directed to the floor on the utility stand using two right angle clamps and a 20 rod 6 Tie a 150 cm thread to the cart s hook 7 Move the other side of the thread through the pulley and tie it to the slotted mass hanger Make sure that when the slotted ma
6. nds sampling rate to 20 per second Experiment P 4 Newton s Second Law Ver 3 14 5 6 NeuLog x Testing and measurements Note The sensor measures the distance from an object by sending a short pulse of sound that we cannot hear ultrasonic and measures the time it takes the echo to return The sound beam angle is approximately 45 The sensor measures the time of the first received echo Make sure to remove any items located In the beam range Empty gt gt Space Track r Empty Motion Space g Sensor 18 Before starting the experiments make sure the motion sensor is well aligned with the cart s path Observe that the position distance from sensor values already appear in the sensor s module box 19 Move the cart from the starting point which is at 30 cm from the motion sensor to the edge of the track and make sure the sensor follows the cart distance all the way 20 Put two 100 g slotted masses and two 50 g slotted masses 300 g all together on the cart s slotted mass holder rod 21 Puta 50 g mass on the slotted mass hanger Experiment P 4 Newton s Second Law Ver 3 14 5 22 23 24 NeuLog 29 26 2 7 NeuLog EF Place the cart on the starting position and click on the Run Experiment icon L to start the measurement Drop the slotted mass hanger release the cart and observe its movement Your graph should be similar to the following use the Zoom fit icon a
7. rst part click on the Select Zone icon ke and select the part of the graph that represents the velocity increase of the cart Experiment P 4 Newton s Second Law Ver 3 14 5 9 NeuLog EF 36 Click on the Show Functions icon ie and then click on the motion button on the left of the screen 37 Click on the Linear Fit button NeuLog 0 a rp E D on F Back Experiment Erase Single Run Save Open Setup Experiment Step Experiment Experiment Experiment R He IQ le a Time Second E M A AS Unzoom Zoom Zoom Select Line Fit Zone Width Functions Grid Graph Table Point Area 38 At this range the cart moves away from the sensor because of the slotted masses and its velocity increases therefore the acceleration is positive The slope of the equation equals to the acceleration The equation is Y 0 6528X 0 5823 The acceleration in our example is 2 aF measured 0 65 m s Experiment P 4 Newton s Second Law Ver 3 14 5 10 NeuLog EF 39 Click on the Undo all functions button on the left of the screen 40 We can calculate the friction force using the second part of the graph NeuLog 0 a p E Back Experiment Erase Single Run Setup Experiment Step Experiment 1 0 0 5 1 1 5 2 2 5 3 3 5 4 45 5 cet Time Second 5 Q RA le bs Ma a Unzoom Zoom Zoom Select Line Show All Fit Grid Graph Table Point Area Zone Width Functions The equation is Y 0 5251X 1 676 Afriction 7 0 52m s 41 The car
8. ss hanger reaches the floor the cart still has 30 40 cm to move on the track Experiment P 4 Newton s Second Law Ver 3 14 5 4 NeuLog x 8 Attach the motion sensor connected to the USB 200 module to the utility stand 9 Direct the motion sensor to the cart reflector plate and check that the cart plate is in line with the motion sensor all along its path on the track The reflector plate s size should be at least 10 x 10 cm Sensor setup 10 Connect the USB 200 module va to the PC O 11 Check that the motion sensor A is connected to the USB 200 module Note The following application functions are explained in short It is recommended to practice the NeuLog application functions as described in the user manual beforehand 12 Run the NeuLog application and check that the motion sensor is identified Experiment P 4 Newton s Second Law Ver 3 14 5 5 NeuLog EF Settings 13 Click on the On line Experiment icon Gas in the NeuLog main icon bar 14 Click on the Sensor s Module box 15 Click on the Range button 16 Select the Distance button to change the sensor s mode Q m m OF O Search On Line Off Line Visuals NeuLog About Sensors Experiment Experiment Mode Tools NeuLog Motion id 1 Range Distance Velocity amp Acceleration Duration 1 second Rate 20 per second Color Display Y axis it 17 Click on the Experiment Setup icon and set the Experiment duration to 5 seco
9. t s total mass M is 400 g 0 4 Kg since the cart s mass Itself is 100 g fiction M Agiction 0 4 Kg 0 52 ms 0 21N we are using the absolute value but remember that it is in the opposite direction 42 Now that we have determined that the force of friction on the cart is 0 21 N to the opposite direction we can calculate the acceleration of the cart af calculatea and compare it to the measured value af measurea This will be done by placing the following values in Newton s second law equation the force that gravity exerts on the mass hanger the friction force and the total mass Experiment P 4 Newton s Second Law Ver 3 14 5 11 NeuLog x According to Newton s second law the cart s acceleration is equal to the force that gravity exerts on the mass hanger minus the friction force divided by the total weight of the cart and the mass hanger with the 50 g mass F fgrav ity firiction If you did not use the absolute value for the friction force and it is negative add the gravity force of the mass hanger to the friction force the F will stay the same M represents the mass of the cart 0 4 Kg with the slotted masses m represents the mass hanger with the slotted mass 0 05 Kg m M m F m a fgrav ity friction m ap ap fgravity friction m fgravity m g ar m Q firiction m m 0 05 Kg M 0 4Kg m 0 45 Kg g 9 8 m s firiction O 21N m 0 45 Kg aF calculatea

Newton`s Second Law P-4

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents