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GIS-Traffic Planning Tools Project Report

1. 8 88888888888888888 88888883888838838393 8389333 33 FIGURE 3 12 EXAMPLE TURNING MOVEMENT 33 FIGURE 3 11 FORECASTED VOLUMES FOR INTERCHANGE 35 FIGURE 3 12 EXISTING FREEWAY OPERATIONS INPUT SCREEN 36 FIGURE 3 13 RAMP FREEWAY JUNCTION INPUT SCREEN 38 GIS Traffic Planning Tools Project Report Principle Investigator and Project Manager Reg Souleyrette Software Development Mike Anderson Project Report Mike Anderson Reg Souleyrette Zachary Hans and Chris Monsere 1 Introduction This report documents a project conducted by Iowa State University s Center for Transportation Research and Education and sponsored by the Iowa Department of Transportation Office of Systems Planning The objective of the project was to develop procedures to help the Iowa planning community address three common traffic planning issues bypass analysis interchange justification and traffic impact analysis The report is divided into three sections The first two recommend procedures for analyzing bypass and interchange justification projects The third section provides a user s manual for the GIS travel m
2. ET N 1333 sas a sanuzl or m GF ET N ae 1 assas zlor 1300 s zl 054973 GF At this point the user needs to save the table and the new node will be inserted into the network At this point the user can either enter a new node run the model with the modification or continue to modify the network through a change in the links A 5 3 2 Adding a new link The next section of the documentation deals with the process of adding new links to the network The need to add new links links to the network could stem from the need to develop a model that represents a development trend in the network As with the nodes the first item is to make to links the editiable layer in the network This is done through using the MAP LAYER CONTROL menu option I L J I Layer Cuntrul Links Layers Agg Bemove 69 After changing the links layer to the editable layer in the network the user can then select the line drawing button option from the drawing button pad EYE After selecting the line drawing button the user can then move to the map and draw new links into the network to represent the placement of nevv streets The process of dravving the streets can be improved through the use of the snap function which will snap the endpoints of the line to neighboring features Hitting the s key when the cursor is over the map can turn on the snap function If the snap feature 1s on
3. 8 8 8 8 8 22 FIGURE 3 1 EXISTING NETWORK STRUCTURE 8 8 88888888888888888 8888888388383883838338389333 26 FIGURE 3 2 WINDOW ON INTERCHANGE ccsccscsccsccscsccscscesccsessescssescecessesccescesessescesessesessescasessesesessasessesesesceses 26 FIGURE 3 3 MODIFIED INTERCHANGE ccccccssescsscsccscscescscescesesescecescesessescasessesessescacessesessescasessesessescesesseseseseeses 26 FIGURE 3 4 COMPARISON TRAFFIC VOLUME PLOT s s 888888888 888888888888388883883838838389333 28 FIGURE 3 5 SELECTED INTERCHANGE FOR THE ANALYSIS ccccccsceccscscecesccesceccusescucesceseesescucesseseusescsesseceusescuses 28 FIGURE 3 6 SELECTED LINK AND CORRESPONDING ATTRIBUTKS 8 88 8 88888 8888 8 29 FIGURE 3 7 TRAFFIC USING SPECIFIC RAMP c ccccscsccsccscscescccusescusesceccssesccessesensescecesseceesessusessecesessesessesesessuses 30 FIGURE 3 8 TRAFFIC FLOW THAT USES THE IDENTIFIED RAMP ccccccccecesceceecscusescucescescusescucesseseesessusesceseusescuses 30 FIGURE 3 9 SPECIFIED TRIP ORIGINS AND DESTINATIONS ccceccsceccecsceccscucescesessescucessescesescesessesensessusesseseusescuses 52 FIGURE 3 10 THEMATIC MAP OF TRIPS ORIGINATING FROM ZONE l 8 8 32 FIGURE 3 11 THEMATIC MAP OF TRIP ORIGINS
4. A B iz G H l K M N lz Constant Interstate Major Art Minor Art AADT Trucks Pick ups Pop 76 76 11 22 25 74 42 18 0 00012 0 59 0 48 0 00042 external external aadtE E aadt B5 Zone 8 1 1 4230 17 19 1812 51 682 2186 2044 4 20 9 1 0 0 1 90 5 10 1812 31 9852 29 61 ER Zone 10 1 0 1 0 1290 13 20 1812 48 4892 626 664 l 6 zone 11 1 0 0 1 570 5 10 1812 32 0428 183 387 fee Zone 12 1 1 4740 13 20 1812 48 9032 2318 2422 8 Zone 13 1 0 0 1 360 5 0 1812 36 8176 133 221 _9 Zone 14 1 1 590 5 10 1812 32 0452 189 401 10 Zone 15 1 1 80 5 10 1812 31 984 26 54 B Zone 16 1 1 1590 14 20 1812 49 1152 781 809 A 13 Totals 13540 6469 7071 Figure 2 19 Example spreadsheet for NCHRP procedure 18 Huff Probability model Huff s Probability Model is a probabilistic gravity model formulation that can be used to determine the split of external internal and external external traffic The model is formulated as a ratio of one city s attractiveness versus the summation of the attractiveness of all the other surrounding cities The model is stated as 2273 D POPs 2 where the probability that a customer located at a whichis Dex miles trom x will patronize x population of city a Fixa distance trom city a to city x This model is useful in identifying the percent of vehicles from other cities that would be attracted to the st
5. of sisl 3 000 000 of s di H io ssix asser 1152 of misl 3 000 sl el sl q H ins g s 1 1153 ase of isi sof asl el sl di H tisi 1 105 qusl asz si ol o ls 3000 000 el sl dl H tisi s sil s sz s i vl of sisli sooo sl el sl di H til ar0e0 qssz n l 1 108 aran asl s si o sl di H tisi of 3500 sssi ol sl il m s 0 33 0 1 130 448 670 4 652 280 1 314 446 644 4 652 279 0 This window can then be updated using the TABLE COLUMN menu option to perform selection wide updates For example if the selected links were to experience a construction scenario and the capacities were to be reduces to half the original capacity Then the TABLE UPDATE COLUMN option would allow for this to take place in one step Update Column Table to Lipdate nuery2 Column to Update capacity Get value From Table Query20 Join Value 12 ASSIst EH Browse Results 65 It is important to be careful when performing network modifications in this manner that the update is only performed in the selected set or QUERY and not on the original links tables as a whole The update on the selected set will update the appropriate rows in the links table Also if the scenario is intended to affect both lanes of traffic the modification needs to be performed on both the A to B direction and
6. 832208 o DALY LIVESTOCK WAVERLY LA 50677 9802 319 352 4128 515401 Q FERGE DANIEL TH WAVERLY LA 50677 9803 319 352 0933 841112 FULL SERVICE AVIATION WAVERLY LA 50677 9802 319 352 4703 84102 Q RICHVFZAY PRODUCTS INC WAVERLY LA S0077 9803 319 352 5448 308601 ROUND BARN ANTIQUES WAVERLY LA 506 77 9802 319 352 3694 593202 a WAVERLY CITY AIRPORT WAVERLY 50677 9802 519 552 4705 964104 S WAVERLY SALE CO WAVERLY LA 50677 9802 319 342 1682 738901 ARTHUR ABEND WAVERLY LA S0677 319 352 2961 000000 L ee eR a 5067 319 354 1373 000000 USA AEGON WAVERLY LA S0677 319 352 2274 000000 IOEL BECEER WAVERLY LA 50677 319 352 0791 000000 DORI LA BERNARD WAVERLY LA 50677 319 342 0255 000000 M CHAEL BERS LERQD VYAVERLY LA 5067 919 542 0229 000000 MICHAEL I BERSTLER WAVERLY LA S0677 319 342 4052 000000 NO BERSTLER WAVERLY La S067 7 319 352 4052 000000 ROBERT WAVERLY LAS S0677 319 352 4414 000000 TEREMIAH BRASE WAVERLY LA 50677 319 352 3227 000000 KRISTI M BROCK WAY WAVERLY LA S067 7 319 352 0078 000000 JOHN B BRUNEHORST WAVERL 1 LA S0677 319 352 3486 000000 EITM BRUNA ea 308 77 919 542 5042 000000 NICOLE BRUM S WAVERLY LA 3067 7 319 342 4042 000000 WILLIAM L BUHROW WAVERLY LA 5067 7 319 342 1750 000000 LU
7. Modeling Model Fun Visualization Plot Calibration Plot Turning Movements Additional Turning Movements Shortest Path Comparison plot About Exit 49 This first item is to identify the names of the node and link tables The program will display a window where the user needs to type in the name of the link table and then the name of the node table An example of entering the node table is shown Note that the extension need not be entered in the window ENTER THE NAME OF THE NODE FILE Jnodes cancel The program will export the data contained in these tables and place them in a format to be used later The program will write the information into the files named NODES TXT and LINKS TXT therefore it is important the user not use these filenames because they will be overwritten The program will also prompt the user as to whether the turns table is open or not The user is required to click the mouse on the appropriate button If open the program will close the table The program will display a message informing the user that the next step is to run a Fortran program After the user clicks the OK button the program opens a DOS window where the user needs to run a FORTRAN program to create a Tranplan input file to build the highway network The program to be run is titled NETBLD EXE and can be run be typing NETBLD at the prompt This program will ask the user some questions related to the network and the names of the Tranplan
8. VAVEREYPEOCEOROUB 10 FIGURE 2 14 WAVERLY TRAFFIC ANALYSIS ZONES sccsscscsscsccsccscsccsccscsccsesccscescsccsescscesescesescesceseecesesccscesesceses 11 FIGURE 2 15 SELECTED STREETS FOR OUR WAVERLY MODEL ccscsscocsscescsccscevcsccsesccscseeccsesccsceseecesesccscesesceees 12 FIGURE 2 16 CENTROID AND EXTERNAL STATION PLACEMENT cccscsccsscscscesccscusescucescecessescesessecessesssessesensescuses 13 FIGURE 2 17 ALL NODES FOR OUR W A VERL Y MODEL a 14 FIGURE 2 18 COMPLETE W AVERY MODEL soso cesss a 15 FIGURE 2 19 EXAMPLE SPREADSHEET FOR NCHRP PROCEDURE 8 8 8 888 8 17 FIGURE 2 20 EXAMPLE SPREADSHEET FOR HUFF S PROBABILITY MODE 18 FIGURE 2 2 I MODEL VOLUMES POR WAV ERG 20 FIGURE 2 22 VALIDATION OF THE WAVERLY MODEL votives aa Yaya RA 20 FIGURE 2 23 WAVERLY WITH POSSIBLE HIGHWAY 218 BYPASS INCLUDED 21 FIGURE 2 24 WAVERLY MODEL VOLUMES WITH POSSIBLE HIGHWAY 218 BYPASS 21 FIGURE 2 25 WAVERLY TRAFFIC VOLUMES WITHOUT THE BYPASS IN 2020 8 8 22 FIGURE 2 26 WAVERLY TRAFFIC VOLUMES WITH THE BYPASS IN 2020
9. l of sl of ol 19000 irr ls 3600 s mi o F isi s n sl of sil of ul nil essis 3600 simi o of of of ol ssl 1s00 soo o T silsl rsnl t l of of of of of sis rs ismi o F sisli simi sil of of of of l yle soul smi o Otherwise the user can select the links with the information tool This will open a new window of the attribute information where the user can enter the new information 71 Info Tool Ae length 5l speed oe L1 Li 15 capacity capacity 3 speed De L4 L5 Lk capacity capacity 1 ID total loaded volume traffic counts Bs 4 000 The other pieces of attribute information to add include the node numbers coordinate information length and ID column The method for developing the node numbers and coordinates is a manual process that involves selecting all the nodes making up the endpoints of the new links 72 or The next step is to open a new browser window for the selected nodes This is done by using the WINDOW NEW BROWSER WINDOW menu option and selecting the SELECTION as the table to open Browse Table Browse Tables Cancel Help EF Query1 Browser Off x N NODE xy ee l P 5 aarja of 0 125 4 __asasralor of o HE N 1 sea of o al new browser window that was just opened contains the node number and coordinate information that the
10. save Copy As save Workspace Save Window AS Revert Table Run MapBasic Prograrn Fage setup Print Ctrl F 1 GAANDERSON PAPER_TP GRS Cdrpds wor 2 GAANDERSON PAPER_TP GRS Tp_crwor 3 GAANDERSON PAPER_TP GRS Mapb mbx 4 GAANDERSON BASERCRDVArc_prim TAB Exit AlttF4 A new window will appear in this window change the directory to the appropriate directory where the files are stored and the file MODEL MBX should appear Either double click the file name or select and press O K will start the program After starting the program a new menu item should appear at the top of the screen after the Help menu 43 Help TPM Example of the new TP_MI pull down menu Step 3 After the new menu is created the network will be registered after selecting TP_MI REGISTERING Window Helo alay nl xl ez Registering Model runs About the environment Exit the Enviranert 44 This option produces a dialog box which informs the user the first step in registering the network is running the Fortran program called TP_MI EXE Selecting O K will call a DOS window where in the appropriate directory the user needs to type TP_MI at the prompt This program will ask the user a few questions about the model and will read in the appropriate data from the files to create MapInfo tables from the data The questions the user will be asked are 1 enter the name of the file containing the node
11. 15 O T 51 90 speedz D_2 0 L1 25 L2 1 13 11 Figure 3 6 Selected link and corresponding attributes With this information the analyst modifies the Tranplan control file to assign only traffic to the network that uses this particular link in the model see sample control file which follows These modifications are only required in the assignment phase of the modeling process preceding control files are not discussed here Material in parentheses should not be included in the control files LOAD HIGHWAY SELECTED LINKS FILES INPUT FILE HWYNET USER ID HWYNET NETS your unloaded network INPUT FILE HWYTRIP USER ID HWYTRIP TRP your OD trip table OUTPUT FILE LODHIST USER ID LODHIST NET the loaded network OUTPUT FILE SELHIST USER ID SELHIST NET identifies links used by trips that use selected link PARAMETERS IMPEDANCE TIME 1 LOAD SELECTED LINKS 492 493 ONE WAY SELECTED LINKS 492 493 END TP FUNCTION BUILD SELECTED LINK TRIP TABLE FILES INPUT FILE HWYTRIP USER ID HWYTRIP TRP INPUT FILE SELHIST USER ID SELHIST NET OUTPUT FILE SELVOL USER ID SELVOL TRP OD trip table for selected link PARAMETERS SELECTED LINKS 492 493 SELECTED PURPOSE 1 END TP FUNCTION LOAD HIGHWAY NETWORK FILES INPUT FILE HWYNET USER ID HVVYNET NET INPUT FILE HWYTRIP USER ID SELVOL TRP OUTPUT FILE LODHIST USER ID LODSEL NET loaded network for trips using selected link on
12. 22 30 1 02 0 60 100 00 28 PROBe 0 60 0 18 99 00 0 14 0 08 100 00 29 PROBdi 2 99 1 45 24 34 70 57 0 65 100 00 S PROBej 3 45 1 89 29 75 1 44 63 46 100 00 32 33 External Internal trips percents 10 89 10 01 6 82 _34 External External trips percents 8 69 82 14 7 55 5 92 35 36 E E percent from each approach 44 59 4300 4000 Figure 2 20 Example spreadsheet for Huff s Probability Model 19 The equation calculates the likelihood that a person living in one city shops in another as well as the ability of one city to attract shoppers from surrounding cities The information in columns 19 23 represent for each city the likelihood that residents from that city shop in another city The information in columns 26 30 represent the ability of a city to attract shoppers from surrounding communities These numbers are read across for each city Manual modifications should be made for trips not likely to travel through the study area For example if a trip between two cities can be made without passing through the study area the entries for these trip values should be set to zero This effectively reduces the number of through trips The likelihood of external internal trips calculated for each city is a summation of those trips that are produced by the study city shopping in another town and the likelihood that another town s resident is attracted to the study city If we use Oelwein for an example the externa
13. 4 PhoneDisk CD ROM data geocoded to TIGER files Employment data obtained from the Iowa Department of Workforce Development and geocoded to the TIGER street map are shown in Figure 2 5 For each business location the SIC code and number of employees are provided These data are used to develop attraction values for the zones through a series of equations developed by NCHRP 187 or 365 when available This information depending on the level of aggregation and data availability of the household socio economic data will be used to develop values for either one or three trip purposes Where DWD employer data are available phone book business data are not required Figure 2 5 Employment data from the Department of Workforce Development geocoded to the TIGER street map Census data provide other socio economic attributes useful in developing the model block population and block group income ranges However the Census data should be used with care as for small areas in Iowa data may be too aggregated for use in establishing travel analysis zones TAZs For example depending on the size of the community being examined only two or three block groups may cover the entire area These groups may contain a significant amount of relatively unpopulated farmland or other open space Census block groups provide a reasonable method to determine TAZ structure for cities with a population greater than 6 000 This is illustrated in Figure 2 6 and 2
14. 7 Figure 2 6 shows the city of Clarksville For this community there are two block groups which encompass the entire town and two rural block groups that make up the entire Clarksville area The other city Figure 2 7 1s Oelwein where several block groups make appropriate zones for the network For both the block groups are shown in different shades Figure 2 6 and 2 7 Census coverage for Clarksville and Oelwein The previously identified data sets and sources will be used to develop all of the components for small area model development The next section provides an outline to follow when constructing a model 2 2 Model Development Steps Case Study Waverly IA This section describes the steps taken to apply the model development methodology for Waverly lowa Waverly is located in northeast Iowa about 20 miles north of Waterloo It has a population of 8 500 The latest origin destination study for the city was performed in the 1970s The steps described below would be similar for any bypass area although community growth rate will affect the number of model scenarios needed For example if a community is not expected to experience significant growth in the horizon time period only two models are required with and without the bypass If the community is experiencing slow growth or decline a base year model should be developed and calibrated first then two additional models should be developed one for the horizon year with the bypa
15. Figure 3 4 See also the Manual for the Tranplan MapInfo environment Analysis Options Model Plots Comparison Plots Figure 3 4 Comparison traffic volume plot Other MapInfo based visualization techniques of 24 hour volumes are outlined in the Select Link Analysis and Build Select Trip Tables sections 3 1 2 3 Perform Select Link Analysis The primary objective of select link analysis is to identify which trips use a specific link in the network such as an interchange The following procedure can be used to identify network volumes resulting from trips that use the selected link To accomplish this the interchange ramps should be explicitly included in the model network and select link analysis performed on the ramp legs themselves Therefore it may be necessary to modify existing model networks to include the ramps of an interchange adding links in MapInfo is discussed in the Bypass section of this report Following is a sample workflow for select link analysis for the interchange presented in Figure 3 5 Figure 3 5 Selected interchange the analysis Using standard MapInfo tools the analyst must identify which links e g ramp leg to analyze and determine corresponding node numbers The red highlighted link in Figure 3 6 is the link of interest The A and B fields in the Info window denote its node numbers 29 492 AX 2190 AY 2 790 B 493 Bx 2 194 BY 2 828 A 20 length
16. data 2 enter the name of the file containing the production and attraction data 3 enter the name of the file containing the link data 4 enter the number of zones or total number of centroids on the network any node with production and attraction data associated with it 5 enter whether or not the coordinates for the nodes need to be factored to align them within a real world coordinate system if YES enter the factors if NO continue 6 enter the appropriate description for the nodes file small or large coordinates The program will then run and read the Tranplan information and re format the information into an acceptable format for MapInfo to read in the data This program may take considerable time to run possibly over an hour depending on hardware and network size After the program is complete the DOS prompt will return and the user can continue by typing exit This will return the user back to MapInfo where the program will be waiting to continue Selecting O K will then register the node and link information Step 4 At this point MapInfo will be registering the network The registration process will open and close numerous windows called nodes and links with various extensions 11 1Z These files are intermediate files that MapInfo uses The next action item for the user 1s to enter the appropriate projection system for the network when prompted to do so by the program Mapinfo do The next action item is to selecttha appropri
17. data contain no address ranges a TIGER Street file is also required TIGER file address ranges are used to geocode the socio economic data for the study area unless such data are already available in MapInfo or another GIS platform that can be imported into MapInfo from a previous study or commercial source The TIGER street network for the area with address ranges is depicted in Figure 2 10 The user must import TIGER files into MapInfo through a third party program unless the user has access to TIGER files in MapInfo or other GIS format For more information on importing TIGER see the MapInfo documentation or contact CTRE for assistance It 1s important to note that especially for fast growing areas TIGER streets may be out of date and not include some streets that should be included in the model network If this is the case CTAMS data may be used to identify the street s alignment and address ranges may be manually added 4 1 Ti Figure 2 20 TIGER street network for Waverly 16 Socio economic data Socio economic data for the network are developed from different sources and incorporated into MapInfo The first recommended source is employment data ES202 from the Iowa Department of Workforce Development The data sets contain business addresses number of employees and business function Using the address for the business and the TIGER files address ranges the businesses can be geo located for the study area by following the pro
18. input files and the file used to connect the Build Highway Network module to the remaining Tranplan functions 1 Enter the name of the Tranplan control file to build 2 Enter the number of characters in the file connecting the Build Highway Network file to the remaining Tranplan functions 3 Enter the name of the file to connect the Build Highway Network file to the remaining Tranplan functions 4 Will the production and attraction information be stored as one file or two files if 1 enter the filename if 2 enter the filename for the productions enter the filename for the attractions Enter the number of TAZs or zones in the network Enter if a turn prohibitor file will be included with the network if Y enter the filename 5 Performing these steps vvill create the Tranplan control file that vvill be run for the Build Highvvay Netvvork portion Of the model run After running the program the user types exit at the DOS prompt to return to MapInfo The user needs to select the OK button and a Tranplan window will open This window is where the user will run the Tranplan control files The first file to be run is the Build highway network input file that was created in the Fortran program previously run After running the Build highway network control file the user needs to run the other control file containing the remaining Tranplan functions 50 After running Tranplan the user selects exit from the Tranplan screen and will be returned t
19. interchange was analyzed in HCS Table 3 1 describes parameters used by HCS and includes the values used in the example The values shown in Table 3 1 were input into the HCS freeway operation module for the before and after operations A sample input screen is shown in Figure 3 12 The freeway module was run using the before and after volumes on the basic freeway section east of the interchange The capacity analysis indicates that the existing freeway is operating at level of service A for each direction and the operating speed for the facility is 64 8 miles per hour With the addition of the interchange and the increased traffic the modified freeway segment indicates operation at level of service A with operating speeds of 65 0 and 65 1 miles per hour The capacity analysis indicates no difference in freeway operations between the before and after scenarios This analysis should be performed for on both sides of the interchange for all the alternatives developed 36 Table 3 1 HCS Input Parmeters for Freeway Analysis Parameter in HCS Terrain Total hourly volumes WB EB Peak Hour Factor PHF Percent heavy vehicles WB EB Percent of recreational vehicles WB EB Number of lanes Lane Width Free flow speed WB EB Obstructions WB EB Distance from Pavement Edge Driver population factor S HCS ox zl si Fil A Description General grade profile Average hourly volumes in
20. only effect freeway operations if a queue forms at the ramp street junction to the ramp freeway junction This occurrence can not be analyzed by the HCS rather it must be analyzed by a stochastic microsimulation model such as CORSIM or possibly a simple analytical queuing model The ramp freeway analysis can be used to quantify the effect of the ramp on freeway operations for both the merge and diverge influence area The HCS module on ramps provides output on the performance of ramp operations including level of service density and operating speed The Level of Service LOS rating 1s based upon the density in the ramp influence area LOS will range from A to F A LOS rating F indicates a breakdown in the operation and is not desirable LOS A indicates that there is free flow conditions at the ramp freeway junction A detailed discussion of the LOS ratings is available in the Highway Capacity Manual Determining an acceptable LOS rating is left for the planner to determine To analyze ramp freeway junctions in HCS certain geometric and operational parameters are required As an example of a ramp freeway junction analysis the proposed westbound off ramp using the volumes shown in Figure 3 11 was analyzed in the HCS Table 3 2 summarizes which parameters were used in the HCS analysis and the values used in the example Some of the input parameters refer to the proposed design for which typical values should be estimated by contacting the design dep
21. selecting the editable box for the node layer AF nm7 a xxx Hn Cancel EZ Display Label Thematic Help Layers Add Remove 66 Note that the pencil or editable box is selected for the nodes Now that the layer is editable the user needs to determine the appropriate location for the new nodes to be placed The user can view the map window an open additional layers of information to provide a backdrop that will assist the placement of the new node To place the new node in the network the user selects the point feature from the drawing button pad Drawi Bg The user can then move to the map and place a new node at the desired location The style associated with the new node will be whatever the current point style is in MapInfo at the time it is placed Placing the new node in the map will automatically create a new row in the node table This table will not have any information contained in the table and the user needs to update the table with the correct information This update can occur in the similar fashion as the update of the node or link attributes A method for updating the information is to select the new node with the information tool or by opening the browser table for the nodes The advantage of opening the browser table 15 that the other nodes in the table will provide a model to follow 67 EF Nodes Browser JOf xi IN NoDE
22. the B to A direction As with the modification in land use it is good practice to save a copy of the modified network to not diminish the integrity of the initial network It is also a good idea to save the modified table before performing a Tranplan run of the network A 5 3 Change in network infrastructure This next section provides examples and procedures for modifying the network infrastructure These modifications can include the addition or deletion of nodes and links The main goal of the ability to modify the network infrastructure is to allow the Tranplan model to be used to develop future or growth scenarios The documentation will start with the procedure adding a new node continue for adding a new link then finish with the procedure for deleting nodes and links A 5 3 1 Adding anew node The process for editing the characteristics of the tables within MapInfo first requires changing the desired layer to be edited to the active layer This process is performed by selecting the MAP LAYER CONTROL menu option Window Help z Ctrl L mi Create Thematic Mlodity Thematic Map Change View Clone View eee ere p After selecting this option the user will be presented with a window showing all the tables that are open and in the current map and the properties of the current map layers The key to adding a node is to make the node map layer the editable layer in the map This is done by
23. the word snap will appear in the bottom of SNAP the screen The user can then draw the new network links on the map f Nodes Links Map OF x 70 After the drawing of the new links MapInfo will place two new rows in the links attribute table The rows will be empty until the user enters the appropriate attribute information Be Links Browser A qax BK 2 length O SI speed2 0 2 C L sl aoee 2 127 ass l qilsT am aoo l asan asszzzal sor s s of sl sso smi v 1106 s n assz zel sv s n ssl of Y sl 3600 sl v Oy Li The user needs to enter the appropriate attribute information The first step the user can do 15 to enter the Tranplan link information This information is Tranplan specific information related to the operation of the link such as speed capacity direction code and link group options This information should be available and related to the scenario the user wishes to develop To enter this information the user can type the new information directly into the browser table or through use of the information tool If the browser table is open the user can select the arrow pointer and type in the new information Links Browser IOl length O S1 speed2 D t L3 capacityl capaciy2 OF S3 speed4 D C eisl sil solo ml ol l m l v lsl sul sul F visl s l s
24. to develop the final volumes for the area This should also be done for any other access scenarios or alignments of interest Figures 2 25 and 2 26 show the resulting volumes for 2020 for Waverly 4 286 5 013 5 819 5 072 5 072 9291 4 347 5 136 5 136 099 Figure 2 26 Waverly traffic volumes with the bypass in 2020 2 3 Comparing Results with Conventional Method Carroll IA The MapInfo based bypass development methodology described above was used for the community of Carroll Iowa as this area was recently studied using conventional techniques Projected traffic volumes resulting from the GIS based methodology were compared to the results of the forecasting method used by the Iowa DOT L Wazny study of US 30 Carroll Forecast volumes for both the bypass and residual roadway were found to be similar for each procedure The differences which generally range from less than ten to twenty percent are outlined in Table 2 3 Differences of this magnitude would generally not have serious implications for roadway design 23 Table 2 3 Differences between DOT and GIS methodologies for Carroll On northern bypass On residual roadway S 3 east of Carroll to 4 800 5 245 445 Grant Road Street 71 Avenue west of Carroll In conclusion the proposed methodology for developing highway bypass plans within MapInfo provides consistent reproducible results with greatly reduced level of effort as
25. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 171560 P io s s LLL eee 1275050100 UL o bi Dn INTRODUCTION Ek BAC OLD O IES Ae RCE a SOY A li BYPASS ANALYSIS 2 1 10577 REOUIREMENES AND AVAILABILITY aaa etal aaa h 2 2 MODEL DEVELOPMENT STEPS CASE STUDY WAVERLY IA 2 2 1 Step I Collect Data 2 2 2 2 Develop GIS Network and TAZs 2 2 3 Step 3 Export GIS Model to Tranplan Format 2 2 4 Step 4 Trip Generation 2 2 5 Step 5 External Analysis 2 2 6 Step 6 Execute Tranplan Model 2 2 7 Step 7 Repeat Model Development Process with Bypass 2 2 8 Step 8 Forecast Traffic for Horizon Year or any year of interest 2 5 COMPARING RESULTS WITH CONVENTIONAL METHOD CARROLL HA INTERCHANGE JUSTIFICATION 3 1 APPLICATION OF GIS BASED NETWORK MODELS 3 1 1 Preparation of GIS based Model 3 1 2 S based Model Analysis 3 1 2 1 Analyze Individual Model Alternative Results 3 1 2 2 Compare Model Alternative Results 3 1 2 3 Perform Select Link Analysis 3 1 2 4 Build Selected Trip Table 3 1 2 5 Turning Movement Analysis 3 2 APPLICATION OF HIGHWAY CAPACITY SOFTWARE PROCEDURES 3 2 1 Forecast Interchange Traffic Volumes 3 2 2 Capacity Analysis of Basic Freeway Segment 3 2
26. 1 28 44 300 4650658 ass asst z 12a d striz 1214 44 NAA 4 712 1220 142 74 4 RAM 297 4 2 2 2 k After running the PACK TABLE command the table doesn t have the empty row 76 E Links Browser C iz sesiss l ist asil asim o ssl zal asser il aeaeo assez 26 dersi aessa niee sisli asstsss nan zs C er 1210 das a sisssl o v sss ssns rl az E 117 o 1 21 4 447 045 4 650 2 1 220 447 074 4 550 343 m It is important to perform the PACK TABLE command for both the nodes and links if there was a change to both tables After performing the PACK TABLE command the nodes and or links will be successfully removed from the network This section documented to the process of performing network modifications of the Tranplan network within the MapInfo environment
27. 3 Capacity Analysis of Ramp Freeway Junction 3 2 4 Summary APPENDIX MANUAL FOR THE TRANPLAN MAPINFO MODELING ENVIRONMENT A 1 INTRODUCTION TO TRANPLAN MAPINFO MODELING ENVIRONMENT A 2 REGISTER AN EXISTING TRANPLAN NETWORK INTO THE MAPINFO ENVIRONMENT PERFORMING A MODEL RUN OF THE TRANPLAN NETVVORK Pa ANALYSIS OPTIONS di A 4 1 Model Plots A 4 2 Turning Movements A 4 3 Shortest Path A 4 4 Comparisons Plots AS NETWORK IOP IC AO Nec ae en is oe ice it eee eto ha reat he So s l n A 5 1 Change in land use A 5 2 Change in link attributes A 5 3 Change in network infrastructure A 5 3 1 Adding a new node A 5 3 2 Adding a new link A 5 3 3 Deleting a node or a link 24 39 39 40 47 z 22 54 56 57 60 63 65 65 73 TABLE 2 1 TABLE 2 2 TABLE 2 3 TABLE 3 1 TABLE 3 2 TABLE 3 3 TABLE 3 4 ii LIST OF TABLES INTERNAL INTERNAL PRODUCTIONS AND ATTRACTIONS 8 8 8 88 8888 16 ALL PRODUCTION AND ATTRACTION DATA FOR VVAVERLY 8 19 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DOT AND GIS METHODOLOGIES FOR CARROL 23 HCS INPUT PARMETERS FOR FREEWAY ANALYSIS ccccccsccecsceccscscsccccecscsccecscscscsccesscssessscsc
28. 55500 056500 055000 055000 055000 054000 054000 054500 XE YE a YE nn Ka A K XE a SK Ooo Oooo oO A r 3 Oooo oe oo 0 A Daad Ooo oo oOo ooo ZE YE n aa Daad Oooo oo 0 A r TK Ka TE Oooo YE oo 0 A For Help press F Link file 6m1996 pa WordPad Iof x For Help press F Production and attraction file File Edit View Insert Format Help Dew alk al b la GE 11 0 024 GE l 306 1209 A402 GE 1 aaz 2167 1465 GE 4 1 5344 1479 228 GE 5 1 193 2956 707 GE l 0 T23 GE Pb 1 410 1241 151 GE 8 1 150 453 41 P 9 1 146 301 251 GE 10 1 0 0 1181 GE 11 1 156 RIZ 2454 GE IZ 1 154 2475 1328 GE 13 1 3 29 1612 GE 14 1 844 2431 143 GE 15 1 2 0 285 3110 ki Step 2 After the files are gathered and placed in the appropriate directory the user should enter MapInfo run the MapBasic program written to operate the environment The MapBasic program is run by selecting the FILE RUN MAPBASIC PROGRAM option from the menu 42 Hapinin Professional men Edit Objects Query Table Options Window Hell New Table Ctrl f Open Table ODBC Table Open WorkSpace Close Table Close All Save Table Kiri
29. BUSMA SLAVERLY LA 5067 319 342 1820 000000 PATRICK CASEY S0677 319 352 1812 000000 RICHARD COUSIN WAVERL LA 5067 319 352 0306 000000 ROBERT COUSIN WAVERLY LA S0677 319 352 0306 000000 Figure 2 3 Example of data available through PhoneDisk CD ROM To geocode the information from the PhoneDisk CD ROM a network with street names and address ranges is required One source of attributed network data networks with street names and address ranges is the Census TIGER file series A third party software package can be used to import TIGER files into MapInfo tables see the MapInfo homepage or contact CTRE for more information Using these MapInfo TIGER tables the output from the PhoneDisk selection can be geocoded information on how to geocode data can be found in the MapInfo Manual The accuracy of the TIGER street network was tested for several Iowa cities and was determined to accurately geocode 55 to 70 percent hit rate of area households and businesses The hit rate can be improved through the use of the ArcView Street Map data set which can be purchased from ESRI in lieu using the TIGER file Street map must be geocoded in ArcView it cannot be exported to MapInfo format Once the points are geocoded in ArcView they may be exported to MapInfo format For the examples in this project geocoding with Street Map in ArcView provided hit rates between 65 and 80 percent
30. If the analyst determines that additional geocoding effort is justified manual improvements may be made in the address ranges in the network files TIGER or Street Map Accuracy requirements should be determined case by case for the small areas studied 65 to 80 percent accuracy was considered to provide a sufficient sample The analyst will want to inspect the geocoded data to make sure there 1s not a significant spatial bias in the sample e g missing points are from only one section of town Spatial bias must be addressed by manually adjusting or geocoding Figure 2 4 shows the PhoneDisk CD ROM data after geocoding with the TIGER street map Point locations shown in red indicate household locations and those in blue depict businesses The household locations will be aggregated to the zonal level and be factored by trip generation equations using a national average of 9 2 trips per household to determine productions If the city is large enough sufficiently disaggregate Census data will be available and zones can be developed and classified to reflect occupancy and income levels Using Census STF1 block and STF3 block group data the model can be developed to contain three trip purposes home based work home based other and non home based following the equations recommended by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 187 to be updated by NCHRP 365 due out in late Fall 1998 at ULE Rb E l EmA Figure 2
31. MapInfo can be useful in determining the zonal origins and destinations for the interchange and assist in identifying the impact area for the interchange local regional or over the entire network A sample workflow is provided to demonstrate building the selected link trip table and utilizing it within MapInfo The interchange used in the previous workflow will also be used in this workflow The user will note that the control files below required for building the selected link trip table are identical to those used to determine the select link loaded network However the last portion of the control file Load Highway Network is not needed LOAD HIGHWAY SELECTED LINKS FILES INPUT FILE HWYNET USER ID HWYNET NETS your unloaded network INPUT FILE HWYTRIP USER ID HWYTRIP TRP your OD trip table OUTPUT FILE LODHIST USER ID LODHIST NET the loaded network OUTPUT FILE SELHIST USER ID SELHIST NET identifies links used by trips that use selected link PARAMETERS IMPEDANCE TIME 1 LOAD SELECTED LINKS 492 493 ONE WAY SELECTED LINKS 492 493 END TP FUNCTION BUILD SELECTED LINK TRIP TABLE FILES INPUT FILE HWYTRIP USER ID HWYTRIP TRP INPUT FILE SELHIST USER ID SELHIST NET OUTPUT FILE SELVOL USER ID SELVOL TRP OD trip table for selected link PARAMETERS SELECTED LINKS 492 493 SELECTED PURPOSE 1 END TP FUNCTION The analyst must execute this control file in Tranplan to create the SELV
32. OK button to cause the program to continue running Step 5 The program will then create the linework for the network After creating the linework the program will ask if the user would like to view the entire layer After viewing the network the program will continue to register the network and will change the name of the file to nodes tab and links tab These files are the node and link file for the network After this step the network will be completely registered in MapInfo and ready to be routed through Tranplan 47 amp nudes links Map Z x After completing the registration process the netvvork vvill be completely incorporated into Mapinfo At this phase it is possible to perform a Tranplan model run or 1f desired make changes to the model and perform a model run A 3 Performing a Model Run of the Tranplan Network If modifications are desired the next section describes requirements and suggestions to performing the modifications To make a modification a copy of the nodes and links should be made and stored in a separate directory The process needed to make the copy of the table is to select the SAVE COPY AS command from the FILE menu The selection of this command will prompt the user to select the table to have the copy saved as and prompt the user to locate the table and rename the table something different from the original table After the table has been saved the existing table should then be closed and
33. OL TRP file which contains the trip table The Tranplan utility TPCARD1 must then be used to convert the file from binary to text format Using standard MapInfo tools this file can be opened directly in MapInfo as a text file with space delimitation The file contains the origin zone destination zone and number of trips that travel between the two zones Figure 3 9 presents how the file is displayed in MapInfo However the column headings have been modified to help clarify the table contents Standard column headings are in the form _COL1 32 Figure 3 9 Specified trip origins and destinations These data can be used to develop different visualization images of the network to present where trips originate or are destined to which use the ramp or interchange For example using standard MapInfo joining capabilities the trip table can be joined to the destination zones of origin zone 11 Using MapInfo query tools the analyst should first select all records from the trips table with a origin zone of 11 save this query to a new table and join the new table based on the destination zone to the MapInfo nodes table Standard MapInfo thematic mapping capabilities can be used to create graduated symbols representing the number of trips originating in zone 11 and ending in that zone see Figure 3 10 Figure 3 10 Thematic map of trips originating from zone 11 Similar plots can be created for the total number of trips in each origin or de
34. OS A A 39 A Manual for the Tranplan MapInfo Modeling Environment A 1 Introduction to Tranplan Mapinfo Modeling Environment Welcome this documentation demonstrates operation of the integrated Tranplan MapInfo environment Goals of the environment are to allow users to tap into the power of geographic information systems GIS and provide additional tools in an effort to increase the power of a specific travel model software The software packages in this document include Tranplan UAG and MapInfo MapInfo Corp This manual documents the incorporation of an existing Tranplan model into MapInfo then proceeds step wise through the operations required to perform a model run analyze results and make network modifications within the GIS environment This manual begins with documentation of the initial requirements for operating the environment The node link and production attraction files need to be stored as individual files All of the data in these files needs to be in the correct columns as required by Tranplan If this information is not available in existing ASCII files running NETCARD on a binary network file and saving the individual data elements as new files or cutting and pasting from the Build Highway Network control file will create the necessary input files Another requirement is that all files need to be stored in one subdirectory When developing multiple scenarios it is recommended than each new scenario be stored
35. This operation will develop a base network for the area with new scenarios being developed as modifications of the original network Step 1 The initial step is the collection of the required files node link production and attraction These files should be placed in the directory where the scenario is to be developed Other files that should be placed in this directory are the executable files required by the environment and the files required to perform a Tranplan run The three required files link data node data and production and attraction data need to be stored in separate files in the appropriate Tranplan format Examples of the three files are shown El Nodes dat WordPad File Edit Insert Format Help Piel Es Dial Bi al oel For Help press F N L 446570 4823023 M z 446040 4652077 N 3 Aln 13 4652106 N 4 446714 4651666 M 5 4460316 4651312 M 6 447569 4651606 M 445096 4652090 6 447960 4652468 9 446450 4852440 10 448852 4652100 da Node file 41 El Links dat WordPad File Edit View Insert Format Help izimi aa al pelo m 1002 10030 8055500 1003 10040 6955500 1005 10060 425555500 1006 12560 15456500 1254 10050 8784500 1008 10030 32155500 1010 10110 27785500 1013 10140 17956500 1004 10150 4955000 1015 10160 2855000 1016 10170 7885000 1017 10180 8384000 1017 10180 8184000 1004 10200 1984500 lel Es 0553500 055500 055500 056500 054500 055500 0
36. XIS Thousands 0 5 10 15 Thousands X AX S Figure 2 22 Validation of the Waverly model If this calculation results in a poor R squared value say less than 0 7 it is recommended that the analyst recalibrate the model attempt to determine the reason for the poor validation and make changes to improve the assignment Changes to the model can include altering the roadway travel speeds increasing the speeds for under assignment and reducing the speeds for over assignment The changes in speed however should be justified by travel patterns in the community and the speed changes should be made in 5 mile per hour increments and remain within reason 21 note that a 5 mile and hour speed change will be reflected by changing the speed columns S1 and S3 by an increase of 500 or a decrease of 500 2 2 Step 7 Repeat Model Development Process with Bypass After the base model has been validated to the ground counts the next step is to develop the bypass for the area and perform another run of the Tranplan software to determine the number of vehicles that would use the new bypass It is recommended that the user create a new directory and copy all the Maplnfo and Tranplan files into it In Maplnfo first make the nodes layer editable and place new nodes at all the desired locations to complete the bypass The user should then make the links table editable and snap new links to the network to complete the bypass Next the user should run the p
37. a problem is encountered To use this option the modeling pull down menu has the option of JOINING A MODEL RUN IN PROGRESS Selecting this item will introduce a new menu with the new starting points Fun Methid Hun Tranplan Run Utilities Run Loaded or Turns t Into Maplnta This menu allows the user to restart a model from any of the above locations This uses the assumption that any step already performed will not need to be run again In this fashion if the user experiences a problem while performing a model run the user can start the MODEL MBX program again and continue from the point where the operation stopped after correcting the problem This allows the user more flexibility when it comes to performing model runs 32 A 4 Analysis Options After the program finishes updating tables and opening tables the user will be able to select any of the other functions available from the MODEL RUNS menu s Model Run Join a Model Run in Progress Visualization Flot Calibration Flat Turning Movements Additional Turning Movements Shortest Path Comparison plot About Exit A 4 1 Model Plots To develop either the visualization or calibration plot for the network select the appropriate item VISUALIZATION PLOT or CALIBRATION PLOT from the MODEL RUNS menu The purpose of the plots is to allow the user to visualize important features of the network quickly The two visualization plots are intended f
38. a result of the network modification Note this works completely for a change in production and attraction information or a change in link attributes If there is a difference in the ID column of the links between the two networks then the program will not work correctly This section has described all the features available for network analysis in the Tranplan MapInfo environment A 5 Network Modification The Tranplan MapInfo environment has three possible network modifications which can be made while using the system The network modifications can represent a change in the land use through modification of the productions and attractions represent a change in link attributes such as speed and capacity through altering the link attributes and development or a future year network through adding nodes and links Each of these options can be performed within the MapInfo environment and the GIS features of MapInfo are vital in assisting the network modifications A 5 1 Change in land use The first scenario to be examined is a change in the land use of the network The change can be represented by either a development such as a shopping center that will attract trips or a residential development that will produce trips or a combination of both The Tranplan MapInfo environment is not equipped with trip generation equation to determine the increase or decrease in productions and attractions associated with a traffic analysis zone Theref
39. artment The parameters shown in Table 3 2 were entered into the HCS software A sample input screen is shown in Figure 3 13 After the parameters were input the LOS module was run which provided the output The capacity analysis shows the westbound ramp diverge area has density of 8 passenger cars per mile per lane and a LOS of A After referring to the LOS descriptions in the Highway Capacity Manual the planner should determine if the LOS rating is acceptable for the interchange justification analysis Table 3 2 HCS Input Parameters for Ramp Freeway Junction Analysis Parameter in HCS Terrain Driver population factor Total hourly volumes ramp and freeway Peak Hour Factor PHF Percent heavy vehicles ramp and freeway Percent of recreational vehicles ramp and freeway Number of lanes ramp and freeway Lane Width Free flow speed ramp and freeway Obstructions ramp and freeway Off On ramps Right Left hand ramps Length of deceleration acceleration lane Description General grade profile Factor that allows reflection of non regular drivers in the traffic stream 1 0 is default value adjust to lower values based on judgement Average hourly volumes including trucks and buses Factor used to adjust volumes to reflect the peak hour The percent of total traffic that can be counted as heavy vehicles The percent of total traffic that can be counted as recreational vehicles Number of lanes Width
40. ate 4 coordinate system forthe network This selection Is made by choosing the Map gt Options gt Projection button After specifying the appropriate projection hit O K Pressing the OK button will display a new map option window that has the ability to change the projection system for the map The user needs to select the projection button from the dialog box 45 Map Options x Units Coordinate Units Distance Units miles Area Units square miles When Resizing vyvindow Cancel Frojection iet Help Display in Status Bar Zoom Window idth Map Scale te Fit Map to Mew Window C Preserve Current Scale Cursor Location Scroll Bars Selecting this option will display a new dialog window with all the available MapInfo projections Map Options Choose Projection x Category Universal Transverse Mercator MAD 27 tor US l Category Members UTM Zone 13 NAD 27 for US UTM Zone 14 NAD 27 for US TM Zone 15 NAD 57 for US L TM Zone 16 NAD 27 for US L TM Zone 17 NAD 2 for US UTM Zone 18 NAD 2 for US UTM Zone 19 NAD 2 for US ccu u o oo KCK Lab In the example the Tranplan network was developed in UTM NAD 27 and Zone 15 for the US This is the case for the Ames network 46 The user continues by selecting the appropriate coordinate systems and selects the
41. ble created in MapInfo The nodes attribute table browser window will need to be opened and the user will need to either manually enter the information or join the node and TAZ table based on zone number and update the appropriate columns The productions for each internal zone are to be entered or updated into the column titled P1 and the attractions for each internal zone are to be entered or updated into the column titled Al Placing the production and attraction values in these columns will allow the information to be used during the Tranplan model run 2 2 5 Step 5 External Analysis At this point external external and external internal analysis is required Two methodologies are presented to develop splits between E E and E I I E for external zones NCHRP 365 and Huff s Probability model For either method the user should determine the existing traffic volumes on external links of the network These values will represent the total productions and attractions to be placed at external stations using the internal trip purpose representing external internal trips and a second trip purpose representing external external trips Traffic volume is to be multiplied by split percentages and corresponding amounts external internal or external external are divided in half and entered in appropriate fields external internal productions external external productions external internal attractions and external external attractions The procedures are
42. cedure in the NCHRP 365 to determine attractions for three purposes If specific employment data are unknown the user can aggregate the total number of businesses per zone from the PhoneDisk CD ROM The analyst can then determine the number of attractions per zone as a weighted average of the number of businesses in the zone multiplied by the total number of productions in the network Caution must be applied here as a single large employer or even a concentration of larger employers may tend to significantly skew the data The planner is cautioned to use as much local information as possible e g call local large businesses to obtain employee home addresses or at a minimum number of employees For the case study the TAZs were developed without input from the Census block groups Socioeconomic data were taken from the PhoneDisk CD ROM Total number of households and businesses were determined for the area 16 Then the productions were calculated using a factor of 9 2 productions per household Then the total number of businesses in the area was determined Then the attractions were calculated as the total productions times the number of businesses in a given zone divided by the total number of businesses The calculated values for Waverly are shown in Table 2 1 Table 2 1 Internal internal productions and attractions After calculating the production and attraction values for each zone the information must be entered into the node ta
43. cedures outlined in the MapInfo manual The following figure Figure 2 11 show the businesses for Waverly located to the network H H BU ra m ir hi xi ML iran n Figure 2 11 Business locations in Waverly The PhoneDisk CD ROM provides a resource of residential data as well as an additional resource for socioeconomic data The CD can be used to determine addresses for most households and many businesses in the study area This data set can also be addressed matched to the TIGER street file The data can then be aggregated to calculate the number of households or businesses occupying a selected traffic analysis zone An example of PhoneDisk data geocoded to the TIGER street network is shown in Figure 2 12 businesses are shown as circles and households are shown as stars For Waverly the PhoneDisk CD identified 6753 locations for 1997 Using the 1994 TIGER data for Bremer county as the street address file a match success rate of 55 was obtained using MapInfo s automatic geocoding procedure Many of the remaining 45 percent of households and businesses can be manually placed using MapInfo s interactive geocoding procedures although 55 provides an adequate sample unless the analysts suspects some spatial bias in the match rate e g large housing complex is not represented etc Once address matching is completed results should be factored up or normalized to represent 100 of households and b
44. cluding trucks and buses Factor used to adjust volumes to reflect the peak hour The percent of total traffic that can be counted as heavy vehicles The percent of total traffic that can be counted as recreational vehicles Number of lanes Width of lanes Speed of vehicles under low volume conditions Indicate any lateral obstructions as 1 then enter distance in Average distance to obstruction field Distance to obstructions from pavement edge Factor that allows reflection of non regular drivers in the traffic stream 1 0 is default value adjust to lower values based on judgement Figure 3 12 Existing Freeway Operations Input Screen 3 2 3 Capacity Analysis of Ramp Freeway Junction The Highway Capacity Manual states that a ramp consists of three geometric elements the ramp freeway junction the ramp roadway and the ramp street junction The ramp freeway junction refers to the point where the ramp and Before Level 336 336 0 95 8 0 2 0 12 65 0 1 0 After Level 615 614 0 95 8 0 2 0 12 65 1 0 37 freeway either merge or diverge The ramp roadway is usually not analyzed for capacity purposes because the ramp roadway is seldom a source of operational difficulty Highway Capacity Manual The ramp street terminal can either be either signalized or unsignalized and can be analyzed in HCS using other modules if desired For interchange justification ramp street operation would
45. compared with the conventional approach Using the GIS based modeling approach bypass traffic forecasts were obtained in less than one week the original forecasts took three months As the new model and data are maintained in a GIS analysis and display of data are greatly enhanced In addition an analyst using the methodology is able to quickly analyze traffic conditions for many different alignments and access scenarios 24 3 Interchange Justification This section documents use of GIS based travel demand modeling and traffic analysis tools and procedures to investigate and justify potential changes in access to the interstate highway system specifically access changes involving a new interchange The benefits of effective access management programs are well documented Access management can increase both roadway safety and capacity while reducing travel times congestion and air pollution emissions The following Transportation Equity Act of the 21st Century TEA 21 policy stresses the importance of access control in maintaining a high level of service on the interstate highway system requiring that eight points be addressed prior to consideration of any access changes Statement of Policy It is in the national interest to maintain the Interstate System to provide the highest level of service in terms of safety and mobility Adequate control of access is critical to providing such service Therefore new or revised access points to the exis
46. ction and attraction values P TON pu K ener ee 63 In this fashion the user can alter the productions and attractions for any centroid in the network and represent any change in land use through altering these values The user should save a copy of the altered table as a new table to ensure that the original information related to the centroid is not lost when developing a new scenario If the change is intended to represent a permanent change in the network it is wise to save the table before performing a Tranplan run of the network A 5 2 Change in link attributes The second scenario to be examined is a change in link attributes The change can be used to represent an increase or decrease in capacity modeling the result of adding an additional lane or possible construction limiting the number of lanes available or an increase or decrease in speed of a lane representing a possible change in roadway usage or representing the effect of a construction project There are two main methods available for altering the link attributes use the information tool if the change is limited in nature or if each link is expected to experience its own change or perform an area wide selection if a large number of links are to be changes to the same value For the first case using the information tool to display the attributes of a link This modification is performed the same for the link attributes as for the centroid att
47. cture justification and site impact analysis 2 Bypass Analysis This section documents a GIS based method that can be used to evaluate potential bypass projects The methodology results in an estimate of the number of vehicles expected on the new facility and displays turning movements for selected intersections along a bypass The method allows an analyst to evaluate multiple scenarios e g different alignments access points levels of access and land uses quickly and graphically The National Highway Cooperative Research Program defines a highway bypass as an existing roadway that previously passed through town splits off before entering the town continues around the town and ties back into the previous alignment on the other side of town Figure 2 1 Incorporated Town 7 Existing Route Bypass Figure 2 1 Typical bypass configuration For this study MapInfo is the GIS platform used for model development MapInfo was chosen because of its use by many planning agencies and because it was the original platform recommended by the DOT s GIS Coordinating Committee for desktop GIS MapInfo has subsequently been chiefly replaced by GeoMedia at the DOT although data can be exported between the two packages and the DOT still uses MapInfo on a limited basis Many if not all of the functions described in this report can be accomplished in either package although additional programming would be required if MapInfo is not selected
48. der 50 000 population travel models are not available For these locations studies of the traffic impact of road and development projects are typically conducted without the aid of analytical modeling techniques To analyze the impact of a proposed roadway bypass a travel model could provide reliable traffic estimates be useful in comparing alternatives and facilitate the assessment of benefits and costs Since the 1960s transportation modeling efforts have evolved through several phases In the 60s and early 70s interest and funding was available to support the development of mainframe urban travel models in many areas Origin destination surveys were conducted and significant efforts resulted in the proliferation of models in Iowa Models were developed for cities as small as 25 000 through city DOT partnerships In the late 1970s funding became more restricted and the DOT supported modeling only in areas greater than 50 000 those areas designated as metropolitan planning organizations MPOs During this period quick response planning techniques e g NCHRP 187 were developed nationally so that parameters could be transferred from existing models reducing the need for expensive surveys and model calibration Shortly thereafter Mainframe models were transferred to personal computers e g Tranplan and a PC based quick response system QRS In Iowa a statewide public sector Tranplan license was purchased by the DOT in the early 1990s a
49. described by the following 17 NCHRP Procedure The NCHRP 365 procedure for determining the split percentages for E E and E I I E traffic outside a community is based on work performed by Modlin This approach uses a regression equation and supporting data to estimated percentage of vehicles that will pass through a given community The regression equation is as follows Yi 76 76 11 22x1 25 74 PA 42 18 440 00012 40 40 50 729 40 48 29 0 000417 where Yi percentage of the ADT at external station that are through trips f interstate 0 or 1 PA principal arterial or 1 minor arterial or 1 ADTI average daily traffic PES percentage of trucks excluding vans and pick ups PPSi percentage of vans and pick ups and POP population inside the cordon area Using information from the CTAMS database and local information about the area the external external trip percentages can be calculated For roadways that are not on the primary system estimates for the percentage of truck traffic is 5 and 10 for pick ups and vans the analyst must determine these values based on old OD information or traffic classification counts or estimate them using judgement The NCHRP 365 Procedure can be entered into a spreadsheet program to assist in performing calculations An example is shown in Figure 2 19 For more detailed information on performing this procedure please see the NCHRP 365 documentation
50. e MapInfo environment the analyst should proceed to section 3 2 1 Preparation of GIS based Model 3 1 1 Preparation of 15 Model Once the appropriate base or future year models exist the model network should be modified to include the change in infrastructure specifically the new interchange It may also be appropriate to modify the socio economic characteristics in the vicinity of the interchange to represent changes in land use and development resulting from the new interchange Several techniques may be used to add a proposed interchange to the model network including modification of the appropriate Tranplan text files directly use Tranplan HNIS tools or use of Tranplan MapInfo procedures and tools This documentation focuses on the use of the Tranplan MapInfo interface Tranplan MapInfo procedures and tools serve as a relatively quick and easy means by which to edit network data allowing the user to digitize new nodes and links to represent the interchange location Data attribution processes e g updating coordinate values node numbering distance calculations and speeds and capacities are automated and default speeds 15 mph for centroids 30 mph for other network links and capacities O for centroids and 6000 for other network links are automatically populated These procedures and tools are clearly outlined in the Manual for the Tranplan MapInfo environment Network Modification Change in network infrastructure To p
51. e in the community of interest A travel modeling program Tranplan is required to determine the volume of traffic on the roadways TIGER Street linework or equivalent are used for geocoding Census socio economic data The following paragraphs describe the data requirements in a bit more detail Roadway data from the DOT s Coordinated Transportation Analysis and Management System CTAMS database include all the roadways in the state For each segment the database provides important information such as the average daily traffic useful in determining the major roadways to include in the model and data for validating the model speed limit useful in coding model travel speeds and number of lanes which is useful in determining roadway capacity An example view of the graphics and selected database elements in MapInfo format is provided Figure 2 2 Please note that during the primary states of this work MapInfo was used by the CTAMS project Currently CTAMS is accessed via GeoMedia GIS although the data can be easily exported to MapInfo format Estimates of existing travel patterns for a model area can be obtained from origin destination studies Unfortunately for many cities within Iowa O D studies are unavailable or if they are were performed in the 1960s and early 1970s When available it is suggested that the planner use the existing albeit dated O D study in combination with the model development methodology described in this r
52. eport Info Tool STREET Lol CYCLE MPH_LIMIT o AADT Ez Bs Fe 13 000 112 AUTO PICKUP BUS L 2 SIJ L 1 T x SJ TT EFFECT LANE LENG SURF_V ID 9 966 deed 319 122 00 146 146 00 25 ist lowa_net Figure 2 2 Example of data elements in CTAMS database The principal source of socio economic data for model development is a commercial phone book package The package used in this case study is the PhoneDisk Powerfinder phone books on CD ROM These data sets have addresses for most businesses and households in the study area referenced by city In addition some packages contain the standard industrial codes SIC for the businesses This is a very useful data element as zonal trip generation is based on number of businesses by classification An example of the data available from the PhoneDisk CD ROM is shown in Figure 2 3 First Name Last Name Company Address Caty State Zap Code Phone SIC ABS GLOBAL INC WAVERLY LA S0d77 9805 919 352 1946 075103 ALL SNAX DISTRIBUTING OF IOWA WAVERLY LA 50677 0354 319 352 2421 514401 o BREMER CNTY SANITARY LANDFILL WAVERLY LA 50677 9803 319 352 4574 951103 a CEDAR LAWN MOTEL WAVER LAS S0677 Ss 19 34 4040 01101 CEDAR VALLEY FRIENDS FAMILY WAVERLY LA 50677 0148 319 352 1108
53. es for HOV s or into park and ride lots may be considered on a case by case basis The proposed access will be designed to meet or exceed current standards for Federal aid projects on the Interstate System 5 The proposal considers and is consistent with local and regional land use and transportation plans Prior to final approval all requests for new or revised access must be consistent with the metropolitan and or statewide transportation plan 6 In areas where the potential exists for future multiple interchange additions all requests for new or revised access are supported by a comprehensive Interstate network study with recommendations that address all proposed and desired access within the context of a long term plan 7 The request for a new or revised access generated by new or expanded development demonstrates appropriate coordination between the development and related or otherwise required transportation system improvements 8 The request for new or revised access contains information relative to the planning requirements and the status of the environmental processing of the proposal The tools and procedures presented in this section are particularly useful in addressing policy items 1 2 3 and 6 For example policy mandates may require an analyst to investigate alternatives involving both the presence and absence of an interchange possibly with different configurations and locations while taking into consideration potential inf
54. es are shown in Figure ZACH Using the peak hour volumes it is helpful for the analyst to prepare a simple sketch showing the interchange and the forecasted volumes such as the one shown in Figure 3 12 Prior to the interchange peak hour freeway volumes were 334 vehicles in each direction 35 po 99 380 lan van 615 Na 379 x 334 gt 614 gt lt Figure 3 11 Forecasted Volumes for Interchange 3 2 2 Capacity Analysis of Basic Freeway Segment The analysis of the basic freeway segment is used to determine the effects of the additional traffic allowed access to the facility because of the proposed interchange The HCS analysis should be performed for the base freeway volumes and the volumes after the proposed interchange has been implemented If no significant difference is found in the operation of the freeway then the interchange is found to have no major effect on the operations The basic freeway module within the HCS package looks at the traffic conditions and roadway characteristics for the freeway segment and returns a level of service rating and other items related to the operation of the facility Level of Service ratings for basic freeway segments are explained in the Highway Capacity Manual As an example of basic freeway analysis the before and after effects of the proposed interchange on the basic freeway segments using the volumes shown in Figure 3 11 was analyzed in the HCS The basic freeway section east of the
55. gether Because the program doesn t have knowledge of the desired tables or knowledge of the appropriate column to perform the join to combine the tables the user needs to insert this information The appropriate tables are the original link table and the link table recently opened These tables are identified by the table s pull down menu 59 SOL Select Select Columns from Tables where Condition Aggregates 4 Functions Group oy Columns Order by Columns into Table Hamed Selection le Browse Results OK Cancel Clear Verity Help After identifying the tables the next item is to define the where condition to join the two tables The appropriate condition is to join the tables where the ID column in one table equals the ID column in the other Specifying the join is performed by identifying the appropriate columns from the column pull down menu and setting them equal SQL Select Select Columns 2 Tables Columns from Tables Links Arm_links Operators where Condition Links ID Am_links ID Aggregates Functions Group by Columns Order by Columns into Table Mamed Selection IY Browse Results Cancel Clear Verity Help 60 After identifying the appropriate condition for the SQL select select the OK button The program will work through a series of tables and create objects for the increases and decreases proportional to the change in traffic expected as
56. he next MapInfo table to be created is the network where the user selects major streets that will become part of the model Network roads are selected from the CTAMS database Queries e g minimum traffic levels can be used to determine appropriate roadways The network is to be saved in a table the user creates named NETWORK TAB A field called key should be added to the Network table The street files from the CTAMS database should also be opened as a background table s After making the Network table editable the user should select a line style 12 different from that used on the CTAMS layers and use the line drawing tools to draw in streets to be included in the model network or the streets that the user wants to keep in the model If any required roadways are absent from the CTAMS file they should be added to the Network at this time manually An example for Waverly is shown as Figure 2 15 thick lines are those drawn on the Network layer Figure 2 15 Selected streets for our Waverly model With the TAZ and Network tables still open the user should continue to edit the network table by drawing in the location for all the centroid connectors in the network Recommended procedures for centroid placement are provided in FHWA s Calibration and Adjustment of System Planning Models 2 2 3 Step 3 Export GIS Model to Tranplan Format After developing the TAZ and NETWORK tables the next step is for the user to develop the model
57. in a separate subdirectory To make operation of the programs easier each of these subdirectories should contain copies of the programs This is not a requirement it 1s possible to have all the programs stored in one directory however the user would need to copy all the required files to this directory when operating the environment introducing the potential for user error Another requirement is knowledge of the total number of zones in the network This information needs to be known to operate some of the programs In addition knowledge of the names entered in the Tranplan control files filename for the productions and attractions outfile for the Build Highway Network control file and names of tables within MapInfo The final required item is knowledge of the projection system used to develop the network Running the registration programs requires the projection system to place the network in the correct place on the earth Correct placement is required to allow for overlay of other data sets If no coordinate system was used to develop the network then the user can proceed by entering a x y coordinate system avoid using Lat Long Required files all should be placed in one subdirectory Tranplan files USER PROVIDED Node file a file containing the node data cannot be titled NODES TXT Link file a file containing the link data cannot be titled LINKS TXT Production and attraction file a file containing the Ps and As for the cen
58. l internal trips for this city is the sum of cells E19 B22 E26 B29 For each city in the surrounding area the likelihood of external external trips is the summation of all trips coming from and going to all other communities through the study area Again continuing to use Oelwein for an example the external external trips for this city 1s the sum of cells E20 E21 E23 E27 E28 E30 With these values the percent of external internal and external external trips can be determined To convert the percentage of trips into the number of trips that are external internal and external external take the total traffic daily volume at the external station and multiply by the appropriate percentage it is important to select a traffic count value collected relatively close to town This calculation will generate the total number of trips however for Tranplan this information must be converted into productions and attractions This conversion is performed by simply using 50 percent of the external internal trips for productions and 50 percent for the attractions The same 50 50 split is used for the external external trip to generate external external productions and attractions As for internal zones the calculated productions and attractions will need to be entered into the node table This table should already contain the production and attractions values for the internal zones entered in columns P1 and Al The external internal production and attracti
59. ly PARAMETERS IMPEDANCE TIME 1 END TP FUNCTION 30 After running Tranplan the user is prompted to run Netcard on the loaded highway network this should be run on the LODSEL NET file The resulting text file is then imported into MapInfo for analysis Using standard MapInfo labeling tools the loaded volumes in the vicinity of the interchange can be displayed and analyzed Figure 3 7 221 224 7 AL s orf Figure 3 7 Traffic using specific ramp The select link volumes can also be used to examine the network as a whole specifically the distribution of trips using the ramp and amount of traffic links experience as a result of the ramp Standard MapInfo thematic mapping capabilities can be used to develop bandwidths plots of the loaded volumes as presented in Figure 3 8 Interchange Location Figure 3 8 Traffic flow that uses the identified ramp 3 1 2 4 Build Selected Trip Table The primary objectives of building a selected link trip table would be to 1 determine what zones are responsible for the traffic using either the ramp or the interchange and 2 provide a method to determine for a specific zone 31 where the trips which use the ramp or interchange are destined This section outlines the process of building the selected link trip table and associating the selected link trip table with traffic analysis zone centroids in MapInfo As a whole the selected link trip table when analyzed within
60. nd five of the eight Iowa MPOs and two cities Ames and West Des Moines use this model The other three MPOs use QRSII Tranplan has found a niche as a powerful comprehensive modeling package while QRS is noted for user friendliness and excellent site impact and traffic engineering capabilities During the same period geographic information systems GIS software evolved and is now in use by state DOTs and local transportation agencies In the mid 1990s CTRE and the Iowa DOT integrated the powerful data management query and presentation capabilities of desktop and workstation GIS packages with Tranplan A procedure for developing travel models for small urban areas was then developed which uses Tranplan and MapInfo GIS This system was used to develop a travel model for the City of Ames The FHWA sponsored an additional CTRE project to port this system to other desktop GIS platforms disseminate the results and assess the usefulness of the tool to state and local planning The objective of the current project was to develop tools and procedures to assist Iowa transportation planners in conducting various impact studies The lowa DOT Transportation Planning and Modeling Research Needs Focus Group identified three types of studies in particular which are likely to benefit from improved modeling techniques and increasingly accessible technology internet CD ROM marketing data etc These are bypass analysis interchange and other major infrastru
61. ne the efficacy of using the GIS based model development procedures described herein Therefore if the GIS based model approach is not being used and traffic forecasts are obtained from other methods the reader should proceed to Section 3 3 Application of Highway Capacity Software Procedures of this report 3 1 Application of G S based Network Models The primary objectives of this section are to discuss potential model modifications necessary to conduct interchange analyses and useful procedures in identifying and displaying important aspects of model trips and traffic in the GIS MapInfo environment The GIS based model analyses presented in this section apply only to traffic Tranplan models which also exists in the MapInfo environment If a Tranplan model already exists for the analysis area but it does not exist in the MapInfo environment the analyst should follow the procedures outlined in the Manual for the Tranplan MapInfo Modeling environment to create a representation of the model in MapInfo If a Tranplan model does not currently exist the area in which an interchange is proposed a traffic model should be developed for the Tranplan MapInfo environment Model development should follow the methodology described in Section 2 0 Bypass Analysis The model should initially be developed to represent existing conditions and or the year in which interchange construction is proposed Lastly if the necessary base models already exist in th
62. network in Tranplan format To assist in this step a MapBasic program DEVELOP MBX was written The program guides the user through required steps Before running DEVELOP MBxX it is important to copy it into the directory where the new model is going to be developed It is also important that this directory not have any files named LINKS or NODES as these filenames are reserved for use by the program and will be overwritten if they already exist To run DEVELOP MB X begin a MapInfo session and open any desired background tables e g TAZ Network CTAMS streets etc The user will want to carefully choose line styles and priority of the background layers to reduce clutter After running DEVELOP MBX a new MapInfo menu item will appear MODEL DEVELOPMENT and the map window will indicate that two new tables NODES and LINKS have been created and opened At this point the user should select the MODEL_DEVELOPMENT pull down menu and choose the first option LOCATE CENTROIDS This option will provide the user some additional instruction on the placement of the centroids The information is MapInfo Ea AN Atthis point the network centroid and external station locations need to be identified by placing points inthe appropriate locations and Mapinfo IN ktis important to remember that the order the points are located at will representtheir centroid number 1 place centroid 1 first then centroid 2 At this poin
63. nge in the model network it may be appropriate to modify the socio economic characteristics as defined in the model near the proposed interchange The user should change the productions and attractions around the new interchange to accurately reflect the amount of development that is expected to occur in the area as a function of the new interchange This is described in the Manual for the Tranplan MapInfo environment Network Modification Change in land use Policy mandates require that the land use entered for the interchange analysis including all possible alternatives is reasonable The procedures described above should be utilized for all feasible alternatives Therefore several models may exist for the same area each representing a different alternative or year Each alternative should also be maintained within a separate directory which facilitates better data management 3 1 2 GlS based Model Analysis This section outlines use of MapInfo with a 24 hour Tranplan model to identify and display important aspects of intersection traffic General procedures for performing model runs analyzing results and comparing alternatives are presented followed by procedures to determine and display the amount of traffic using an interchange the origins and destinations of this traffic and the traffic volumes using the interchange ramps themselves Once models have been developed to represent all appropriate alternatives including base year and fut
64. number of zones size and shape depend upon several rules of thumb as outlined in many transportation planning texts and in FHWA s Calibration and Adjustment of System Planning Models If an area is comprised of several say 8 or more Census block groups their boundaries can be used as a first approximation of TAZs For areas with fewer block groups blocks may be used Alternatively network streets may be used as TAZ boundaries To create a map of TAZs the analyst should create a new MapInfo table named TAZ TAB After developing the table the user should make the table editable and use the polygon tool and define the traffic analysis zones Columns items should be added for zone number and the variables required to perform the trip generation technique selected by the user As an example if NCHRP trip generation procedures are selected the essential columns required to calculate productions and attractions are households retail employment service employment and other employment Standard GIS overlay procedures spatial joins can be used to populate these fields based on SIC code ranges specified in the NCHRP report SIC code is one of the fields of data included in the ES202 file It is important to number the zones sequentially from one to the highest numbered zone Tranplan Requirement An example of traffic analysis zones developed for Waverly are shown in Figure 2 14 Figure 2 14 Waverly traffic analysis zones T
65. o MapInfo Selecting OK will open a Tranplan Utilities menu which is used to run the NETCARD and TURNS utilities The Tranplan module NETCARD will convert the binary file into a text file for further use The NETCARD options to specify include Enter whether speed should be output rather than time enter Y Enter the speed factor enter 1 Do you want the capacity 2 field in the capacity 1 field enter N Do you wish to average the BPR iterations if prompted enter the appropriate information for your specific network Enter one way format option enter N Enter whether you wish header information enter Y or N depending on use preference If prompted for the file to contain the node information for nodes not connected to links enter n dat or equivalent filename The Tranplan utility TURNS will create a file containing the turning movements for the nodes specified in the save turns item in the loading module The options required are the counts should be associated with the through node or selecting option B Enter the input from Tranplan equivalent to the output from the Load Highway Network module Enter the output filename TURNS TP Enter the node to use B Once these two utilities are run exit netcard and return to MapInfo where the user will be prompted to run two more Fortran programs The two programs are titled LOADED EXE and TURNS F EXE These programs can be run by typing loaded or turns f in the appropriate directo
66. odeling tools While traffic impact analysis procedures are not specifically presented as part of the formal report the tools and techniques described in the three sections are equally applicable The main emphasis of this report is on using GIS based travel demand modeling tools to address the planning studies However the use of planning models even if developed with minimal resources may not be the only or even the best way to approach bypass or interchange planning Where appropriate an analyst should consider the most efficient means to arrive at travel forecasts For example the interchange justification section describes the use of travel estimates obtained from a travel model in capacity analysis software Naturally if sufficient travel forecasts can be obtained from manual methods these can be used directly by the analysis software It is left to the discretion of the planning analyst to determine the efficacy of using the GIS based model development procedures described herein 1 1 Background In Tovva s urbanized areas planning agencies maintain urban transportation planning UTP models These models are oriented to regional 24 hour modeling and forecasting These models provide estimates of current and future average daily traffic Planners place generally high confidence on these models ability to estimate system wide and major flows e g freeway interchanges and principal corridors However for nearly all Iowa places un
67. of lanes Speed of vehicles under low volume conditions For ramps speed at the merge or diverge point Indicate any lateral obstructions as 1 then enter distance in Average distance to obstruction field Indicate whether ramp is an on or off ramp Indicate whether ramp is right or left hand exit Measured from the gore to end of the ramp taper Ramp Level 1 0 1274 0 95 5 0 1 0 12 45 Off Right 250 Freeway Level 1 0 280 0 95 8 0 2 0 12 65 Right hand off remp pak period 38 Figure 3 13 Ramp freeway Junction Input Screen 3 2 4 Summary In summary the analyst first forecasted the future traffic volumes after the interchange was added Next the basic freeway segments were analyzed to determine the capacity effects of the additional traffic Finally the on and off ramps were analyzed for their effects on the freeway capacity The complete analysis for proposed interchange is summarized in Table 3 3 and 3 4 The results show that the proposed interchange should have limited effects on freeway capacity Table 3 3 Summary Basic Freeway Segment Analysis Before VVB Before EB Volume Volume West Section 336 336 East Section 336 336 Table 3 4 Summary of Ramp Junction Analysis Westbound Westbound Off On Volumes 280 45 LOS A A Before LOS A A Eastbound Off 45 A After WB Volumes 380 615 Eastbound On 280 B After EB Volumes 379 614 After L
68. on values for the external stations should be entered into columns P1 and Al using P1 for productions and A1 for attractions The external external production and attraction values should be entered into the node table using columns P2 for productions and A2 for attractions This is shown in Table 2 2 For more information please see the Huff documentation Table 2 2 All production and attraction data for Waverly N NODE p 20 2 2 6 Step 6 Execute Tranplan Model At this point network information is stored in MapInfo as node and link tables The Appendix describes the procedures required for running the MapInfo Tranplan interface exporting files and running Tranplan Required programs and files can be obtained from the CTRE internet site The output from Tranplan will be the network traffic volumes Figure 2 21 shows the traffic volumes obtained from running the model through Tranplan 4 r 41 aunBdma om T L 2111 iri dar n LL CELL Sa F a8 r et m ELLA 2717 HE BE ul m l rca Figure 2 21 Model volumes for Waverly It is recommended that the planner compare the results of the base model volumes to actual traffic counts from the CTAMS database For the case study the R square difference between the model volume and the AADT was 90 and Figure 2 22 indicates the fit of the links Y A
69. or improving model validation and displaying the effects of future changes in the network The calibration plot will buffer the network links with the total loaded volume for the link and label the link with the model volume and the difference in model volume and actual traffic count if the difference is greater than the percent the user specifies The following screen shows the options available to the user the user can choose anywhere from 5 to 35 percent greater than or less than 53 Select tolerance for buffering and labeling xil m b A i m Ch 7 J 1 7 1 z ET 2 1 il il panes eee ti coe a oo H SL E m 54 The visualization plot will buffer the links with the total loaded volume and label the links with the Tranplan model volume An example is shown in the figure 937 1661 TAT 1637 219 1519 ey A 4 2 Turning Movements To operate the turning movement module select the nodes where the turning movements are desired 55 Then select the TURNING MOVEMENTS option from the MODEL RUNS menu or select the appropriate button form the button pad Doing this will display the turning movements for the selected intersections Or when we zoom in one of the intersections in the network If the desired turning movements are already displayed and it becomes necessary to display another intersection or two to see the travel pattern
70. or available With the method described in this report a user can develop a model quickly within MapInfo assign existing traffic demand to the network determine if the model outputs are reasonable validated and make modifications if necessary Subsequently the model can be used to examine the implications of new bypass alternatives Finally the model can be used to forecast future horizon year volumes This section of the report documents the requirements for and availability of data for developing small area bypass models It then demonstrates the model development methodology through a case study for a small Iowa community Waverly The case study is divided into a number of steps which can be followed by an analyst who wishes to develop a similar model for any given study area The bypass section of this report concludes by comparing the results of the proposed model development methodology to those resulting from conventional DOT methods for Carroll Iowa 2 1 Data Requirements and Availability To develop accurate models for small areas users should collect and be prepared to manipulate various data sets These include roadway data from the DOT s GIS or cartographic databases Roadway data required include average daily traffic by vehicle classification for the primary network and cartography for network visualization Also required is a PhoneDisk CD ROM or similar dataset containing addresses for businesses and residenc
71. ore 61 the user must have the productions and attraction calculated at a different location either by hand or through the use of a spreadsheet Once the appropriate productions and attractions are calculated the user can use MapInfo s selection feature or information pointer to enter the appropriate data If the node numbers are known then the user can use the selection capabilities by performing a select where on the appropriate zone number Otherwise the use can perform a graphical selection by using the information tool and selecting the appropriate node from the map window Either of these operations will display a window showing the attributes for the selected node Then the user can use the select tool arrow pointer and enter the attribute window and type the modified values for productions or attractions An example for each type of modification 1s shown For the centroid using the select tool use the QUERY SELECT menu option with the nodes table as the table to query from Then use the where condition to identify the centroids more than one can be selected at a time The where condition should identify where the node number is equal to the centroid number Pressing the assist button will open a new widow with pull down options to define the query Note it is important that the Browse Results is click on I l 1 f o 1 Select Select Records trom Table that Satisty ASSISt Sto
72. placed near other interchanges weaving analysis should be considered Ramp junctions occur where on and off ramps join the freeway Three general steps are required to perform the analysis First the traffic volumes at the new interchange must be forecasted Next the capacity effect of the new interchange is analyzed using HCS Two HCS modules are used to perform this analysis The first module freeways is used to quantify the capacity effects of the increased traffic volumes allowed by the new access point on the basic freeway section A simple before and after analysis can be preformed in the HCS The second module ramps is used to quantify the effects of the new ramps both on and off on the capacity of the freeway at the ramp merge and diverge points For each of these two a simple example is provided to serve a guide for using the HCS More complete documentation can be found in HCS User s Manual 3 2 1 Forecast Interchange Traffic Volumes The first step in performing the analysis is forecasting the traffic volumes that result from the interchange This step could be completed using a GIS based model as described in Section 3 2 or by other suitable forecasting methods If a 24 hour model was used it is necessary to convert the 24 hour volumes to peak hour volumes An easy method for accomplishing this is to factor all the 24 hour volumes by a 10 12 percent 77E Transportation Planning Handbook The 24 hour model volumes used in the exampl
73. quirement is to have the original network or the base network open Then selecting the COMPARISON PLOT from the menu options will start the process The first thing the program will ask will be to open the table containing the network links that are to be used in the comparison Open Table Ei Ed Look in E 1995dak 1 Je Signals tab Je Titled tab eet Ar links tab FE Ditt_gtl tab 22 otd areatab Fe Turn_vol tab Fe Am _nodeztab Diff_lt0tab Fe Taz tab Fe Turnmove tab feLabeltab Fe Fe Turns tab Fe Am_o_nktab Fe Label4 tab EE Testtab Fe Volurne tab Fe FE Mer datatab FE Testgtltab Fe Ambacinttab FE North tab FE Testltl tab Counts tab Fe Red blue tab FE Title tab Fe Difftab Fe Sampled tab Fe Tithe tab File name Am_links tab Files of type Mapinfo Cancel Help Preferred ViEvv Automatic 58 After identifying the appropriate table select the OK button The table will open If the table has the same name as the original table MapInfo will ask if it can call the table the original table name with an underbar 2 at the end After opening the table the next window to appear is the MapInfo SQL select window This is where the user needs to identify the information desired m Tos H EZ Bl In this window the user needs to identify the appropriate query to join the two tables to
74. rastructure socio economic and land use changes in the area The GIS based model Tranplan MapInfo approach can be used to develop or utilize existing base and future year traffic models as well as appropriate model alternatives and scenarios Upon model development Tranplan can be used to calculate the vehicle trips and traffic volumes resulting from each model year or alternative Analysis of these data can then be performed in both MapInfo and Highway Capacity Software HCS MapInfo provides tools useful for graphically presenting model results including band width displays of link volumes and differences in link volumes between alternatives graduated symbol displays of trip origins and destinations using a selected interchange and turning movement diagrams of selected intersections If the model represents a 24 hour period it may be appropriate to modify the network or factor of the roadway volumes to represent peak period travel Peak period volumes and turning movement counts can then be used for traffic operations analysis in Highway Capacity Software HCS 25 As noted earlier in this report use of planning models may not be the only or best way to arrive at the travel forecasts necessary for interchange analysis and justification Naturally if sufficient travel forecasts can be obtained from manual methods these can be used directly by HCS for traffic operations analysis It is left to the discretion of the planning analyst to determi
75. re Results in Table Selection a sot Results by Column none 14 Browse Results Cancel Help Expression Type an expression 62 This will open a new window on the screen displaying the attributes for the selected nodes INJNoDE x 00 eb 11 2 130 4 5 sailx3 12 22 32 142 52 EN sl v l s s s l l il m sl aaa sl il l l il sl sil sl 4 9 ma sl sez l s s lerl il ssl 1405 isi ol ofa il ol l 10a of s Then using the selection tool arrow pointer the user can enter the new values for the productions and attractions INJNoDE xX 0 8 0 srix2 11 12 3 fxs l 122 32 42 52 EM sl v zi asss leel il 2000 sil su 1 ojaal il sil sl il MeN sl sez el C il s l m sl sl of olul 1 dl As the example shows the production and attraction values for the two centroids were increased by typing in the new value If the information tool is used take the cursor and select the centroid of interest This will display a new window showing the attribute information for the selected element In the example the arrow points to the selected centroid mu NUN M DE 69 446 954 4 652 593 GP VTT el irin ate 2 1 489 a _2 1 834 ae 3 2 354 4 10 10 uu 2 052 2 13 765 3 2 384 oo k B lg The user then selects the arrow pointer from the main button pad and can edit any of the produ
76. ributes The information tool is used to select each link that needs modification change to the arrow pointer to make the modification then select the next link that needs to be modified etc Continue this process until the links in the network contain the desired information HU c Fi Meee ito Tool x EV 1 153 Aes 447 593 A 4 652 266 B 1 154 m 447 589 EY 4 652 821 WAY 2 0 length 35 a ad m 1 nig S1 4 000 7 spaetiz 3962 TN m K Hg Le La 9 capacity 23 000 capacity 6 228 OPS 33 4 000 speed4 3982 De p L4 0 Le 9 La 0 capactys 23 000 capactyd 6 210 I ID 11531154 total_loaded_volume 12 436 traffic_counts g 64 For the second case where a number of links are to experience the same modification the desired method is to use the arrow pointer and select all the links that are to experience the same modification Holding the shift key down while making selections will enable the user to select more than one link at a time 1 Wee Hp et A SERS Then the user can select the WINDOW NEW BROWSER WINDOW for the selection and MapInfo will display a window with the attributes for the selected set A AX AY B BX BY A 2 length 10151 speed2 D 2 L1 L2 H til aen asao 0 3000 sul ol sl dl sin eeo 6 asz zl of sisl 3 000 soo of sl s s 1130 esil
77. rogram BYPASS MBX to update the LINKS and NODES tables with the new data for the bypass Figure 2 23 shows the network with a possible bypass included Figure 2 23 Waverly with possible Highway 218 bypass included At this point the user can either edit the default links attributes or continue and perform a model run directly The output from running the model with the bypass is shown in Figure 2 24 3 515 4 153 4 453 PEEL Figure 2 24 Waverly model volumes with possible Highway 218 bypass 22 2 2 8 Step 8 Forecast Traffic for Horizon Year or any year of interest The final step is to develop forecasts for future traffic in the area To perform this step the planner could make use of the Iowa DOT s CTAMS database field expansion factor to forecast future volumes However other estimates of traffic growth can be used Again awareness of local growth issues is important The user can make a MapInfo marquee selection of the study area and use the calculate statistics on all CTAMS roadway expansion factors to determine an average growth for the region Then the user should add and update a field in the links file with the total loaded volume multiplied with the quantity one plus the expansion factor raised to the appropriate time period in years This will provide the user with a future traffic volume for a given scenario The user should perform this operation for both the base scenario and the bypass scenario
78. roids and externals large stars as well as the new nodes large dots Figure 2 17 All nodes for our Waverly model After placing the nodes the user should select the LOCATE LINKS option from the menu This will display a message to assist the user Mapinfo Atthis point the links forthe network need to located This is done by selecting the line tool and drawing in the links The use ofthe SNAP function as vital during this step The user then should use the line placement tool and draw the links for the network IMPORTANT Links must be snapped to nodes centroid connectors and externals USE THE SNAP TOOL Prior to placing any links go to layer control and turn off the snap option for all tables except NODES This is important as nodes and links are joined by precise coordinate values If they are not snapped the coordinates of the end of the links and the nodes will not match and links will not be numbered correctly for Tranplan After drawing in the links the network information is completed Figure 2 18 shows a completed network 15 Figure 2 18 Complete Waverly model At this point the user should select the final menu option FINISH MODEL DEVELOPMENT This will update the attribute information for the nodes and links and enter default values for speed and capacity The default are speed of 15 mph with 0 ADT capacity for centroids and external stations and 30 mph and 6000 ADT one way capacity for all other links The
79. rovide the reader with a better idea of how an interchange can be added to the model network using Tranplan MapInfo procedures and tools a sample workflow is provided The user should begin by examining the existing network within MapInfo to identify the proposed interchange location See Figure 3 1 26 Figure 3 1 Existing Network Structure Zooming to the area of the proposed interchange Figure 3 2 it appears that a node is already present in the general location This node however only represents a change in direction along the route not an interchange Figure 3 2 Window on interchange To establish this node as an interchange access location the user should move one end of the north south link to meet terminate at the interchange node A new link should be added from the interchange node to the node that the link was moved from to reestablish a continuous route A MapBasic program BY PASS MBX should be run to develop the new node numbers lengths and assign default speeds and capacities The user can change the default speeds and capacities if desired The new modified network node and link tables should be saved The modified network is shown in the following figure 3 3 Figure 3 3 Modified interchange 21 Once again these procedures and tools are clearly outlined in the Manual for the Tranplan MapInfo environment Network Modification Change in network infrastructure In addition to including the intercha
80. ry at the DOS prompt The inputs to the programs are LOADED EXE 1 Enter the name of the output file from Tranplan s Netcard utility 2 Enter the number of characters in the link table 3 Enter the name of the link table TURNS F EXE 1 Enter the name of the output file from Tranplan s Turns Utility After running the programs type exit and return to MapInfo Once back in MapInfo the loaded network information and the turning movement data if the turns module was run and the turning movements were saved will be incorporated into the existing network The new speeds and volumes will be inserted into the link table and the program will calculate items such as the total loaded volume traffic difference percent difference in traffic counts travel times and volume to capacity ratios 51 Le 0 capacity3 23 000 capacity4 3695 J ID 1086 1087 total_loaded_volume 7 401 traffic_counts p traf 7 401 Tret_dif__oct 0 Loaded volume 1000 59 208 Travel_time 7 14989 vc ah 0 16113 ba 0 16065 The program also opens the turns table containing all the turning movement counts for all the nodes in the network that the Tranplan model requested to have the nodes saved for This table will be used to run the turning movement program If no turns were saved this part of the program will be skipped A feature of the MODEL MBX program is the ability to allow the user to begin anywhere in the process if
81. s select the new nodes of interest and use the ADDITIONAL TURNING MOVEMENTS menu option to display the turning movements This option will display the new turning movements Col l BEF 8 906 2427 1 041 1 039 A 4 3 Shortest Path The shortest path portion of the modeling environment will identify the shortest path between any two nodes in the network The operation of the program requires the user to pick the two nodes of interest Then the user needs to run the shortest path menu option Modeling Model Fun Join a Model Run in Progress Visualization Plot Calibration Plot Turning Movements Additional Turning Movements Shortest Path Comparison plot About Exit The user will need to enter the name of the node and link tables and run a Fortran program Doing this will develop the shortest between the two selected nodes based on free flow speed The following figure shows the shortest path A 4 4 Comparisons Plots The final feature is the ability to compare two networks and display the links expected to experience an increase or decrease in traffic due to a change in the network One limitation of this module is that the networks being compared must have the same network structure for the function to work completely If there are differences in the network infrastructure added or moved nodes and links then the volumes on these roadways will not be represented in the module To run the module the first re
82. ss and one for the horizon year without the bypass For communities experiencing rapid or impending growth up to four models in addition to a base year model may be required two one for the year of opening of the bypass with and without and two for the horizon year again with and without the bypass It is left to the discretion of the planner to determine the number of models needed The steps below can be repeated as many times as required but are explained only in the context of developing a base year model without the bypass and a year of opening model with the bypass which is assumed to have the same trip generation as the base year applicable in a community with stable travel demand characteristics little growth 2 2 1 Step 1 Collect Data To begin model development the analyst should collect various data for the area of interest All of the data should be imported into MapInfo la Street data CTAMS contains roadway networks for all functional levels of lowa highways These roads are used to select the alignment of links to be included in the model network MapInfo queries are used to select all streets with ADT average daily traffic greater than 1 000 vehicles Figure 2 8 shows the CTAMS cartography for the Waverly area and Figure 2 9 shows the streets in the network with a traffic volume of greater than 1 000 Figure 2 8 CTAMS GIS data for Waverly Figure 2 9 Streets with ADT greater than 1 000 As CTAMS
83. sscssscesess 36 HCS INPUT PARAMETERS FOR RAMP FREEWAY JUNCTION ANALVSIS 37 SUMMARY BASIC FREEWAY SEGMENT ANALYSIS cccscescececcecsccscscscecescscscescecscesesceceecssseseecsseseeeeeess 38 SUMMARY OF RAMP JUNCTION ANALYSIS cielo Es area a bel eee edd 38 11 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2 ls TYPICAL BYPASS CONHGUBATIONu 2 FIGURE 2 2 EXAMPLE OF DATA ELEMENTS IN CTAMS DATABASE 8 88 888 8 88888888 3 FIGURE 2 3 EXAMPLE OF DATA AVAILABLE THROUGH PHONEDISK CD ROM 4 FIGURE 2 4 PHONEDISK CD ROM DATA GEOCODED TO TIGER TFILES 5 FIGURE 2 5 EMPLOYMENT DATA FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF VVORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT GEOCODED TO THE TIGER TEL ot b o s bai 6 H GURE 6 CENSUSCOVYERAGEPFORCLARKOVIELE 6 FIGURE 2 7 CENSUS COVERAGE FOR 6 FIGURE 2 8 CTAMS GIS DATA FOR WAVERLEY a este teenie a sence b n 7 FIGURE 2 9 STREETS WITH ADT GREATER THAN 1 000 4 FIGURE 2 10 TIGER STREET NETWORK FOR WAVERLY 4 FIGURE 2 11 BUSINESS LOCATIONS IN WAVERLY 9 FIGURE 2 12 HOMES AND BUSINESSES FORM THE PHONEDISK ADDRESSED MATCH TO TIGER 10 FIGURE 2 13
84. stination zone Using MapInfo query tools the analyst should select the origin column of the trips table and the sum of the trips column grouping by the origin column This query yields a selection set with the total number of trips summarized by origin zone The analyst should save this query to a new table and join the new table based on the origin zone to the MapInfo nodes 33 table Standard MapInfo thematic mapping capabilities can be used to create graduated symbols representing the number of trips originating in each zone Figure 3 11 The same procedure can be utilized to display total number of trips by destination zones by selecting and grouping by the destination column instead Figure 3 11 Thematic map of trip origins These data should be developed and compared for the different interchange locations and alternatives proposed for the area keeping in mind that these data are based on the time scale entered during the Tranplan run 3 1 2 5 Turning Movement Analysis A final Tranplan output that may be useful in interchange analysis is turning movement counts Turning movement counts in the form of from node through node to node can be generated by Tranplan if the save turns options for the nodes of interest is included in the Tranplan control file The turning movement information can then be brought into MapInfo to display model turning movement counts at specified intersections This procedure is outlined in the Man
85. t the user should place points for all the centroids This is done by using the point pushpin tool and clicking the mouse button wherever a new centroid is to be located Note that it is also important to locate the external stations at this point but only after identifying all the internal centroids to ensure the program will correctly number the zones Figure 2 16 shows the centroid and external station placement ml b ie kini TI r R l Figure 2 16 Centroid and external station placement 14 After locating all the centroids and external stations the user should select the next menu item LOCATE NODES Selecting this menu option will provide the user another message to instruct them MapInfo AN Atthis point the network nodes locations need to be identified by placing points inthe appropriate locations At this point the user should place nodes at the intersections of all network roads and where centroid connectors connect to network streets This is done by using the point pushpin tool and clicking the mouse button where ever a node is to be located The user MUST include all the nodes in the network during this step It is recommended that user change the symbol style for node placement to a large dot or some such to facilitate quality control Do not leave this step until you are sure that all nodes have been correctly placed Figure 2 17 shows the previously placed cent
86. the new table opened The new table will not be editable until selecting the LAYER CONTROL option from the MAP menu and then highlighting the particular layer to be edited and then selecting the editable box in the right side of this window After this is done the map and table may be edited Possible modifications include changing the production and attraction values associated with each centroid changing link attributes speed and capacity and the addition or deletion of new nodes and links to the network Once the modifications have been made the analyst is ready to determine the new loaded speeds and volumes 48 To perform a Tranplan run The user needs to select the MODEL RUNS item from the TP_MI Menu bar 7 QTU2X Help ent Reqistering Model runs About the environment This item will activate a new menu item titled MODELING and open a new button pad containing all the features of the menu bar Included in the menu bar are items to perform Tranplan runs create visualization and calibration plots display the turning movements at intersections and a shortest path visualization tool Exit the Environent odeling Model Run Join a Model Run in Progress Visualization Flot Calibration Plot Turning Movements Additional Turning Movements Shortest Path Comparison plot About Exit Selecting the MODEL RUN menu will start the algorithm for performing model runs
87. ting Interstate System will be considered for approval only if 1 It is demonstrated that the existing interchanges and or local roads and streets in the corridor can neither provide the necessary access nor be improved to satisfactorily accommodate the design year traffic demands while at the same time providing the access intended by the proposal 2 All reasonable alternatives for the design options locations and transportation system management type improvements such as ramp metering mass transit and HOV facilities have been assessed and provided for if currently justified or provisions are included for accommodating such facilities if a future need is identified 3 The proposed access point does not have a significant adverse impact on the safety and operation of the Interstate facility based on an analysis of current and future traffic The operational analysis for existing conditions shall particularly in urbanized areas include an analysis of sections of Interstate to and including at least the first adjacent existing or proposed interchange on either side Crossroads and other roads and street shall be included in the analysis to the extent necessary to assure their ability to collect and distribute traffic to and from the interchange with new or revised access points 4 The proposed access connects to a public road only and will provide for all traffic movements Less than full interchanges for special purpose access for transit vehicl
88. ting a node or a link This is a requirement sometimes when developing a modified network The first item required for deleting the information is to make the appropriate map layer the editable layer through use of the MAP LAYER OPTION menu option 74 Modes After make the appropriate layer of the map editable the user then needs to use the arrow pointer tool to select the appropriate feature to be deleted In the example the user selects the appropriate feature and presses the delete key on the keyboard Notice that the link feature that was selected is not removed from the model The selection and detection process will allow the user to remove any of the unnecessary nodes and links from the network After removing any feature from the network it is important to perform a TABLE MAINTENANCE PACK TABLE option to remove the empty records from the table This is to say that when a feature is deleted the row that the attribute information was stored in is not empty and needs to be removed before running the model through Tranplan An example is shown EE Links Browser L A fx 0 fay 0 B lx 0 B 0 A F 121 447 688 4 651 555 1151 448 137 4651873 CI 1 150 446 377 4 651 883 1 214 445 379 4652138 1 1214 445 379 4 652 138 1141 445 380 4652 275 0 C 1256 6757 4653570 125 445 756 4653448 C sl q z l aessa 1 102 445 753 4 sins C sl assiss na d stuz C l asstuz
89. tions and attractions Another special consideration if the new node is a centroid and the external stations are numbered consecutively following the internal zones If this 1s the case with the network there are no extra centroids available for growth then the user must renumber all of the external stations and the associated external connectors to accurately represent the change This may end up being a timely process Therefore it is recommended that the user develop dummy centroids to allow for growth in the future to be modeled without the need to renumber all of the external stations and connectors each time a new centroid is added to the network Returning to the placement of node attributes looking back we left the coordinate information for the node empty for the time being We will now fill in this coordinate information The easiest method for obtaining this information is to move to the map window change to the selecting arrow and double click on the new node Doing this will display a new window showing the coordinates for the new node The map needs to be in the correct projection system The user can then record the coordinate information and insert the information into the browser table 68 From omet OOOO 7 Location 445 783 5 m Y 46549726 m Style corel EE Nodes Browser N NODE x yf fi 128 13 ah CN if ssl of of ol ol ol ila s s q snsilei ol of of ol of lsu
90. troids maximum of five trip purposes External trip file a file containing the external trip table for use in Tranplan Friction factor file a file containing the friction factors for use in Tranplan 40 FILES AVAILABLE FROM CTRE BU http www ctre iastate edu fhwa download htm DOSXSME EXE a file required to run FORTRAN programs TP_MI EXE FORTRAN executable for developing MapInfo tables and maps for node and link information NETBLD EXE FORTRAN executable for developing a Tranplan control file to build the initial network in Tranplan LOADED EXE FORTRAN executable for stripping out unnecessary information from output of Tranplan TURNS F EXE FORTRAN executable for developing the turning movement table S PATH EXE FORTRAN executable used to developed the shortest path MODEL MBX MapBasic program which operates the modeling environment AMES_EXT DAT The external trip table for the Ames network FRICTION DAT The friction factors for the Ames network LINKS DAT Link file for the Ames network NODES DAT Node file for the Ames network GM PA Production and attraction file for the Ames Network 79 zones MODEL IN Tranplan control file to run everything except the Build Highway Network A 2 Register an Existing Tranplan network into the MapInfo Environment This section contains a narrative description of registering the network into MapInfo The goal is to bring the existing unloaded Tranplan network into MapInfo
91. ual for the Tranplan MapInfo environment Analysis Options Model Plots Turning Movements Figure 34 presents a sample turning movement plot within MapInfo Figure 3 12 Example turning movement diagram 34 The turning movement figures can represent key factors for the interchange such as ramp volumes and freeway volumes that will be used in the HCS analysis as well as provide better understanding into how the model is assigning trips to the network 3 2 Application of Highway Capacity Software Procedures This section discusses the use of the Highway Capacity Software HCS program to perform a capacity analysis of interchange ramps and freeway sections The HCS automates the analysis methods documented in the Highway Capacity Manual HCM Transportation Research Board Special Report 209 For the purposes of interchange justification HCS can be used to quantify the capacity and operational effects of the proposed interchange The Highway Capacity Manual defines the components of a freeway as consisting of basic freeway sections weaving areas and ramp junctions Basic freeway sections are segments of freeway that operate unaffected by weaving merging or diverging traffic Weaving areas are segments where vehicles must cross each others travel paths Weaving areas typically occur where merge areas are followed closely by diverge areas The analysis of weaving sections is not covered in this report however if the interchange is being
92. udy area versus those that would travel completely through the study area to a competing attraction Clearly these percentages result in the amount of external external traffic for the study area The model can be applied directly or with the use of a spreadsheet to organize the data An example of the model information is shown in Figure 2 20 A B C D E 2 G H Center North south East West 2 City VVavelry Charles City VvVaterloo Cedar Falls Oelwein Hampton _3 Population 8 539 7 878 100 765 6 493 4 133 _4 Distance from Waverly 1 28 14 31 38 5 Distance from Charles City 28 1 42 59 64 6 Distance from VVaterloo Cedar Falls 14 42 1 45 52 _f Distance from Oelwein 31 59 45 1 69 _8 Distance from Hampton 38 64 52 69 1 9 10 POP Dal 8539 00 281 36 7197 50 209 45 108 76 16336 07 11 POP Dbj 304 96 7878 00 2399 17 110 05 64 58 10756 76 12 609 93 187 57 100765 00 144 29 79 48 101786 3 13 POPj Ddj 275 45 133 53 2239 22 6493 00 59 90 9201 098 14 POPJj Dej 224 71 123 09 1937 79 94 10 4133 00 6512 694 15 16 Sum POPI 9954 05 8603 55 114538 68 7050 89 4445 72 17 Sum 16336 07 10756 76 101786 27 9201 10 6512 69 18 18 PROBai 85 78 57 6 28 2 97 2 45 20 PROBbi 3 06 91 57 2 09 1 56 1 45 21 PROBci 6 13 2 18 87 97 2 05 1 79 22 PROBdi Z r 1 55 1 95 92 09 1 35 23 PROBei 2 26 1 43 1 69 h 92 97 24 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 25 26 PROBaj 2 1 72 44 06 1 28 0 67 100 00 _27 PROBb 2 84 13 24
93. ure models Tranplan model runs must be executed to determine traffic conditions within each model environment See the Manual for the Tranplan MapInfo environment Performing a model run of the Tranplan network As will be discussed later model runs may include loading selected links or building selected trip tables 3 1 2 1 Analyze Individual Model Alternative Results When the model runs are complete the analyst can examine the link volumes for each alternative in MapInfo Several methods can be used to analyze and display model link volumes For example standard MapInfo querying labeling and thematic mapping tools can be used or custom Tranplan MapInfo tools can be used to create visualization plots of link volumes Visualization plots present links buffered increased band width based on total link volume and label them with the Tranplan model volume See the Manual for the Tranplan MapInfo environment Analysis Options Model Plots visualization plots 3 1 2 2 Compare Model Alternative Results A Tranplan MapInfo custom tool may be used to compare differences in loaded link volumes between different model alternatives This comparison plot technique provides color coded band width displays of differences in traffic volumes between model scenarios Band widths are proportional to the change in traffic Band with color red or blue represent an increase or decrease in traffic volumes respectively A sample plot is presented in
94. user needs to insert into the link attribute table The insertion can be done by either manually typing the information into the links browser table or through using the copy paste options The user can identify the node for which the attribute information is displayed for by selecting the box in the browser window 73 EE Query1 Browser 0 N NODE x 0 T srix da ET N tore eese s siz lerl ol 0 N E e a s s aleel of o AT WWE Rap m The same process can be done for the links Once the user knows which piece of attribute information is associated with graphics the user can then insert the appropriate information from the selected node attribute table into the link attribute table Ee Links Browser Lines Browser NI A Jax fay B B A 2 length O SI speeu m l s l asl of ils asm am C rr ase aeaa 1209 sansl ass n l iz s sul is C s sils sul is s ni im HB esi ssrvl q z l ssr l 1 11 500 as ama messe asaras aao els dsn Notice that the last two rows of the links table have been filled with the required Tranplan information At this point the user can save the links file as a new scenario and perform a model run to determine the effect the change had on the entire system A 5 3 3 Deleting a node or a link The next section documents the process for dele
95. user can change any of the default values later with area specific data as desired Finally the menu is removed and the program will display the following message AN Atthis point the network is ready to have the appropriate socio economic data added and then a model run can be performed informing the user that this is the appropriate time to enter socioeconomic data and run the model 2 2 4 Step 4 Trip Generation After developing the model the user must develop productions and attractions for the TAZs Two methods are suggested depending the amount of data available to the user If the user has Census data related to number of households by block income ranges by block group and has developed TAZs to closely follow the block groups then the NCHRP 365 methodology can be used to determine internal zone productions for three purposes HBW HBO and NHB If the TAZs were not developed to follow the block groups then the user can aggregate the total number of households per zone from the geocoded PhoneDisk CD ROM data and calculate the number of productions single purpose only as a trip factor times the total number of households a common factor used is 9 2 trips per household from NCHRP ITE s Trip Generation manual can also be used For internal zone attractions two options are also suggested If the location type and number of employees are known for all or most of the businesses in the study area the user can follow the pro
96. usinesses e g if 75 are matched multiply all zonal values by 100 75 10 Figure 2 12 Homes and businesses form the PhoneDisk addressed match to TIGER Census data are used to provide an additional source of socio economic data Census block and block group data include variables useful for trip generation In addition TIGER block or block group boundaries can be used as a starting point for defining traffic analysis zones in MapInfo Block data STF1 contain population for the block and ranges for household occupancy Block groups STF3 data for traffic analysis zones and income data for block group residence The following figures show the Census data for Waverly in MapInfo The block groups for Waverly are shown in Figure 2 13 Figure 2 13 Waverly block groups 11 Collecting these data sets in MapInfo provides the basic information required for developing the model It is important to note that these datasets can be collected and maintained in most any GIS package but the automated model creation programs developed as part of this study were written in MapBasic and operate only in MapInfo 2 2 2 Step 2 Develop GIS Network and TAZs After importing street and socioeconomic data into MapInfo the analyst should establish traffic analysis zones and select the major streets in the network which will appear in the model This step relies significantly on the planner s local knowledge and professional judgment Zone location
97. x 0 8 0 srix2 11 12 13 a s Gl ON ri ss rilael of ll l 41 1 ils ET N v sl qasasel asas salar ol of of el of N r s qar s asssssrlar ol of of ol of ilsa assz rrlar of of of ol of isa ET N v r aaeeaal a sz r las ol of 0 ol of ilsa ET N v sl ass a szs alar ol of of ol of ilsa ET N r si qas s l a sassalar ol of of ol of ila ass r lar ol of ol ol of isa The user can then enter the attribute information the new node EZ Nodes Browser Jof gt N NODE ix v ee 13 lz 13 la b leke OND evl asmarileel el ol l ol ile ET N r si ol of of 0 l ila C N T ss asis sileri of of of 0 of ET N T r ol of of l il ilsa C N tai d sezz leri of of of 0 of lo ET N r sul a szs alar of of of of il ilsa C N T n dasansilar of of of l of los ET N assari lar ol of of 0 ol ilsa ET N ras of of ol il ila ET N 1336 assssr lar ol of of ol of CT N rare a sas zlar ol of of l il ila F N v sli iyi of oo ls At this point the attribute information vvith the exception of the coordinate information has been entered for node 1380 Note had the node been a centroid then the user would have to enter values for the produc

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