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1. Example RELAY_RAMPS HF1 HF2 mother faults 0 5 0 5 relative length of intensity field along mother faults 1 0 1 0 0 5 0 5 intensity field between mothers 0 5 3 5 connecting fault between mothers 10 10 strike and dip standard devations 0 38 3 fraction of children HF3 HF4 mother faults i HAVANA user manual 29 0 3 0 2 relative length of intensity field along mother faults 1 0 0 5 0 25 0 1 intensity field between mothers 0 824 connecting fault between mothers 15 10 strike and dip standard devations 0 5 1 4 40 Command NUMBER_OF_ITERATIONS Optional Description Specifies the number of iterations to be used in the simulation procedure for the mother faults Arguments One An integer Example NUMBER_OF_ITERATIONS 50000 1 4 41 Command FAULTNAME_PREFIX Optional Description Specifies a prefix for the fault names for the generated faults Defaults to HF Arguments One A string Example FAULTNAME_PREFIX MyFaults ti HAVANA user manual INRE 1 5 ModifyFaultSurface Change SFM fault properties ACTION ModifyFaultSurface This action is used to modify the fault surface of a set of faults on the SFM format Here are the available commands 1 5 1 Command INPUT FAULTS See 1 3 1 1 5 2 Command FAULT LINE POLYGON See 1 3 3 1 5 3 Command SFM PARAMETERS See 1 3 4 1 5 4 Command VARIO_TYPE See 1 3 5 1 5 5 Command FAULT DISPLACEMENT LENGTH See 1 3 6 1 5 6 Comm
2. 1 12 2 Command See 1 5 9 1 12 3 Command See 1 3 3 1 12 4 Command See 1 3 4 1 12 5 Command See 1 3 5 1 12 6 Command See 1 3 6 1 12 7 Command See 1 3 7 INPUT_FAULTS OUTPUT_FAULTS FAULT LINE POLYGON SFM_PARAMETERS VARIO_TYPE FAULT DISPLACEMENT LENGTH FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT ti HAVANA user manual INRE File formats A 1 Input of structural model exported from RMS new format In the Cohiba development branch of RMS 2011 a new export of the complete structural model was introduced This export is available by choosing the Extract fault data to files job for the desired horizon model The whole structural model is exported to a single folder The definition of the structural model is given in the fault model file All fault line points are exported in a single file named fault lines while the fault surfaces for each fault is given in files names lt fault name gt grid and the horizons are exported in files with the same name as the horizon A 1 1 Structural model definition The structural model file contains the following sections BoundingBox The definition of the used fault model bounding box Faults Number of faults and name of each fault in this structural model For each fault azimuth dip and type of fault is given The dip and azimuth information is also given by the transformation matrix in the fault file and is hence not used Truncations The fault truncations
3. ti HAVANA user manual INRE Stdev Constant 4 0 1 4 30 Command FAULT_TRUNCATION Necessary Description Specifies a parameter controlling when one fault should truncate another When two fault planes intersect it is always the fault appearing first in the ordered list of faults that may or may not truncate the other one the second fault can never truncate the first If the given parameter is greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to one then truncation will be decided according to the following rule The length of the line of intersection between the fault planes is compared with the length of the extension of this line in the latter fault of the list If the ratio between these lengths is above the given parameter then truncation occurs otherwise it does not If the given parameter is less than zero then truncation is decided stochastically The relative intersection fraction is computed as above and is is then used as the probability for intersection Arguments One A decimal parameter the truncation limit Values close to 1 indicate very little truncation while values closer to 0 indicate truncation of all faults intersecting Negative numbers indicate stochastic truncation pP pr f r F ag soy Figure 1 6 Relative intersection determining the truncation of faults Example FAULT TRUNCATION 0 01 N 1 4 31 Command REPULSION Optional Description Specifies parameters regar
4. use except for giving additional input data sets in the UpdatePoints action For details about this export format see A 1 The directory containing the fault model file and the fault surfaces is given by the INPUT FAULIS command the fault displacement is deduced from the fault lines given by the FAULT LINE POLYGON command additional parameters needed to generate the displacement field are given by the SFM PARAMETERS VARIO TYPE FAULT DISPLACEMENT LENGTH and FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT keywords The type of fault given in SFM PARAMETERS is ignored in the new export format since the same information about whether a fault is normal or reverse is exported directly by RMS in the fault model file 1 3 1 Command INPUT FAULTS Necessary Only used for import of faults from RMS on old format Description Specifies the name of the directory containing the fault files The directory must contain a faultmodel txt file together with the fault surfaces as point sets To obtain the faultmodel txt file the RMS_FAULT_MODEL_FILENAME environment variable should be set to the desired location of this file The file is then generated whenever a Fault modelling job is run within RMS The fault surfaces as point sets are generated by extracting the fault surfaces from the structural model within RMS and export the resulting point sets using the Roxar text format Arguments One The directory Example INPUT_FAULTS faults sfm_faults 1 3 2 Command INPUT_STR
5. Dip angle 0 to 90 degrees throw 11 Local throw x 12 y 12 z 12 Point 2 of n 1 points dipD 12 dipA 12 throw 12 Fault name 2 of n n_2 x 21 y 21 z_21 Point 1 of n 2 points dipD 21 dipA 21 throw 21 A 6 Well data files We have collected below the different file formats currently used in HAVANA for input and output of well data A 6 1 Input of well paths This file describes a single well path It contains with N points specified with their x y z coordinates The header consists of the integer number N This number is ignored by Havana Then follows N lines each specifying the x y z coordinates of a point on the well path The z coordinate is positive indicating depth below the reference height By default the reference height is the sea level but if a non zero height is given for the height of the kelly bushing then this height is used The well path starts directly above the first given point at the reference height ends at the last given point and is linear between any pair of consecutive points Example 2 460000 6580000 3000 461000 6581000 3200 See Section 1 4 13 for usage of such files A 6 2 Input of well observations of faults This is an ASCII file that contains well observations of faults Each line in the file represents one fault observation The location of the observation may be given in two ways Either one may give the well name and the distance from Kelly Bushing i e the measured de
6. 1 4 24 1 4 25 1 4 26 1 4 27 1 4 28 1 4 29 1 4 30 1 4 31 1 4 32 1 4 33 1 4 34 1 4 35 1 4 36 1 4 37 1 4 38 1 4 39 1 4 40 1 4 41 1 5 1 1 52 1 5 3 1 5 4 1 55 1 5 6 1 5 7 1 5 8 1 5 9 1 5 10 1 5 11 1 5 12 1 5 13 Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command ModifyFaultSurface Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command DISPLACEMENT FAULT DISPLACEMENT _ LENGTH FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT FAULT AVERAGE REVERSEDRAG ORIENTATION GROUPS STRIKE DIP 4 FAULT TRUNCATION REPULSION DISPLACEMENT _ WEIGHT NUMBER_OF_FAMILIES CHILDREN PARAMETERS CHILDREN STRIKE CHILDREN DIP CHILDREN PARAMETERS _ GENERAL CHILDREN PARAMETERS MOTHER TYPE RELAY RAMPS NUMBER OF ITERATIONS FAULTNAME PREFIX Change SFM fault properties INPUT FAULTS FAULT LINE POLYGON SFM PARAMETERS VARIO_TYPE FAULT DISPLACEMENT _ LENGTH FAULT LENGTH_HEIGHT VARIOGRAM_GEOMETRY FAULT PICKS FILE OUTPUT_FAULTS OUTPUT ORIGINAL HAVANA _ FAULTS OUTPUT MODIFIED HAVANA FAULTS TRANSFORM LOCAL ROTATION ModifyDisplacement Change displacement for SFM fault 1 6 1 1 6 2 1 6 3 1 6 4 1 6 5 1 6 6 1 6 7 1 6 8 1 6 9 1 6 10 1 6 11 Command Command Command Command Command Command Comma
7. 181 406 FaultTag VerticalSep 5929715 5929706 5929715 5929715 5929715 5929715 5929748 5929907 370 245 049 101 205 363 293 184 2122 2137 2107 2119 2149 2232 2230 2207 258 951 089 513 951 304 288 154 A 12 Internal Havana Format This format is used to store a fault set of SFM faults and to be communicated between different modules in Havana A separate directory is used with a number of files One file is named fw fw hw hw hw hw hw hw FaultSet txt and the others are one file for each fault The FaultSet txt file has the following contents e Missing value e Bounding box xMin yMin zMin IX LY 1Z 0 e Dimensions of truncation matrix e Truncation matrix e Number of faults FL F1 F1 F1 FI pi FL Fi UNDEF UNDEF UNDEF UNDEF UNDEF UNDEF UNDEF UNDEF e For each fault Indicator saying if the faults has been changed and the file name containing the data for the fault 9999999 459206 482 5929816 17 1463 52214 7762 4043 7672 13818 866 3927 0 7 O O O O e e O N O O O O e O O O N O N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O F1 hav F2 hav F3 hav HAVANA user manual KD NRE F4 hav 0 F5 hav 0 F6 hav 0 F7 hav The file specifying the data for the fault contains the following Name of the fault Normal vector Reference point Strike vector Dip vector Slip type normal
8. See 1 3 5 1 7 5 Command FAULT DISPLACEMENT LENGTH See 1 3 6 1 7 6 Command FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT See 1 3 7 1 7 7 Command OUTPUT FAULTS See 1 5 9 1 7 8 Command OUTPUT ORIGINAL HAVANA FAULTS See 1 5 10 1 7 9 Command OUTPUT MODIFIED HAVANA FAULTS See 1 5 11 1 7 10 Command SIMULATION See 1 8 11 1 7 11 Command FAULT VOLUME WIDTH Neccesary Description Distance from input fault surface to the edge of the fault volume The total width of the fault volume is twice the input value Arguments One The width Example FAULT VOLUME WIDTH 100 N 1 7 12 Command VARIOGRAM GEOMETRY Optional Description Variogram used when simulating or predicting the fault surface Default is a gaussian variogram without any anisotrophy with range 1000 in strike direction I HAVANA user manual NRE amp 35 and range 2000 in dip direction Arguments Four or five 1 Variogram type Possible variogram types are GAUSSIAN Gaussian variogram SPHERICAL Spherical variogram EXPONENTIAL Exponential variogram e GENERAL EXPONENTIAL General exponential variogram An additional parameter giving the power must be given 2 Range in strike direction Higher range gives smoother fault surfaces 3 Range in dip direction Higher range gives smoother fault surfaces 4 Anisotrophy angle in degrees Use this if you want to rotate the direction of the ranges 5 The power Only for general exponential variograms Example VARIOGR
9. 1 4 33 Command NUMBER_OF_FAMILIES Necessary Description Specifies the expected number of families to be used This number should be the desired expected sum of the seismic faults the mother faults in earlier simulated fault sets and the new simulated mother faults The actual number of families is drawn from a binominal distribution with the given number as the expectiation value Setting the expected number of families to 1 will usually prevent simulation of new mother faults given that the number of input mother faults are sufficiently large Arguments One An integer Example NUMBER_OF_FAMILIES 10 1 4 34 Command CHILDREN_PARAMETERS Necessary if children faults are to be simulated and neither CHILDREN_PARAMETERS_GENERAL nor RELAY_RAMPS is given Description Specifies how the center points of the children faults are distributed relatively to the mother faults These points are placed using a multinormal distribution around the center point of the mother fault Arguments Three The standard deviations along the length of the fault along the height of the fault and normal to the fault plane respectively All these numbers are relative to the dimensions of the current mother fault For example using the parameters 0 5 0 5 0 5 means that almost all children faults will be placed inside the mother fault ellipsoid Increasing the first number means that children may appear further away along the length of the mother fault
10. 5 If LEVEL OF INFORMATION appears without any argument it corresponds to information level 1 Example LEVEL OF INFORMATION 2 1 2 8 Command OUTPUT LOG Optional May only appear before any ACTION commands Description Causes information from the program to be saved in a log file The information is the same as that appearing on the screen but if the information level is zero information at level 1 will still be output to the log file Arguments One The name of the log file Example OUTPUT LOG logfile dat N 1 3 Input of fault model structural model from RMS Several commands are needed for input of a fault model from RMS These commands can only appear below the ACTION keyword but they are common for all actions There are two ways to export fault data from the integrated structural model in RMS A manual export of the different types of data which is available in RMS 2009 and newer and a single click export of a complete structural model which currently only is available in special development versions of RMS 2011 With old RMS the command INPUT FAULTS specifies where the fault data are located Additionally the fault lines have to be given with the FAULT LINE POLYGON command For details about this export format see A 2 When using the new export format the directory containing the structural model is given by the INPUT STRUCTURAL MODEL command The command FAULT LINE POLYGON is not in I HAVANA user manual NRE amp 10
11. 7 Command HORIZON TestFaults Test reading and writing of faults 1 12 1 Command INPUT FAULTS 12 2 Command OUTPUT FAULTS 12 3 Command FAULT LINE POLYGON 12 4 Command SFM PARAMETERS 12 5 Command VARIO TYPE 12 6 Command FAULT DISPLACEMENT _ LENGTH 12 7 Command FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT m oo m A File formats 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 A 8 A 9 A 10 A 11 A 12 Input of en mod ONE ein RMS new Jonte A 1 1 Structural model definition A 1 2 Fault surface file A 1 3 Faultline file A 1 4 Horizon file Input of fault model from RMS on aly formal Input of Elliptic faults Output of fault statistics Fault center lines file Well data files A 6 1 Input of well re A 6 2 Input of well observations of facts A 6 3 Input of well observations of faults with depth nen A 6 4 Input of well intersection thresholds A 6 5 Input of horizon wellpicks Havana specific file type Havana faults A 7 1 Format for the EllFaults file Horizons Fault Blocks Nodefile RMS Internal Point Formal Internal Havana Format B License manager C Installation script and start up script Index D M HAVANA user manual INRE 43 43 43 43 43 44 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 46 46 46 49 50 51 51 51 52 93 93 93 53 54 54 55 55 55 55 56 56 57 57 59 60 61 1 User Reference HAVANA is run from the UNIX command line
12. FAULT PICKS FILE 36 FAULT TRUNCATION 25 FAULT VOLUME WIDTH 35 FAULTNAME PREFIX 30 FAULTIS STATISTICS 14 FILTERING FROM WELLS 42 HORIZON 40 INPUT AND OUTPUT DIRECTORY 8 INPUT DIRECTORY 9 INPUT FAULT CENTER LINES 15 INPUT FAULTS 11 INPUT MODIFIED HAVANA FAULTS 40 INPUT ORIGINAL HAVANA FAULTS 40 INPUT SEED FILE 10 INPUT STRUCTURAL MODEL 11 INPUT WELL PATHS 16 INPUT WELLOBS OF FAULTS 16 INPUT WELLOBS OF NOFAULTS 17 installation 60 KB 16 kelly bushing 16 53 LEVEL OF INFORMATION 10 license file 60 license manager 59 LOCAL ROTATION 32 mean sea level 16 MSL 16 multi line comments 8 NODEFILE 41 NOT FILTER 41 NUMBER OF FAMILIES 26 NUMBER OF FAULTS 17 NUMBER OF ITERATIONS 30 ORIENTATION GROUPS 22 OUTPUT DIRECTORY 9 OUTPUT FAULTLINES 42 OUTPUT FAULTS 31 OUTPUT HAVANA FAULIS 13 OUTPUT HORIZONS 42 OUTPUT LOG 10 OUTPUT MODIFIED HAVANA FAULTS 31 ME 6 HAVANA user manual OUTPUT ORIGINAL HAVANA FAULTS 31 OUTPUT DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY 19 PRINT ONLY 41 READ 9 RELATIVE INTENSITY 17 RELATIVE INTENSITY GRID 18 RELAY RAMPS 29 REPULSION 25 reverse drag 22 SCALE DISPLACEMENT 33 SEED 9 SEISMIC RESOLUTION 38 SFM PARAMTERES 12 SIMULATION 38 SIMULATION VOLUME 14 start up script 60 STRIKE 23 syntax 8 TRANSFORM 32 VARIO TYPE 12 VARIOGRAM GEOMETRY 35 VERTICAL BUFFER SIZE 15 HAVANA user manual KD NRE
13. Note that Havana currently only supports simple truncations i e only one truncation rule per line Horizons The names of the horizons in the structural model FaultBlocks The definition of the fault blocks in the model Example of a structural model definition file Version 2 0 syntax Lines starting with are comment lines Data is separted by white space which is either or a tab This file is designed to allowed a external program create a fault model Similar to the one used inside rms The file is broken into three sections The Bounding box of the model The faults The fault to fault truncations To read this file look for the keywords Version BoundingBox Faults Truncations HE HE HH HH FH OH OF HHR OF OF OF Each section has a fixed format after that ti HAVANA user manual INRE 46 Keyword to the section BoundingBox The bounding box for the fault model The bounding box can be rotated arround the vertical axis It is defined by a center point the length of the three sides and anti clockwise rotation when viewed from the top Box center east north depth must used doubles to read this offset 463087 683838 5933652 235840 1896 718506 Box size east north depth 7162 404297 7672 138184 866 392700 Box rotation in degrees clockwise viewing from the top 0 000000 BoundingBoxEnd Keyword to the section Faults First the number of faults FaultC
14. OUTPUT LOG Input of fault model structural model from RMS 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 3 3 1 3 4 1 3 5 1 3 6 1 3 7 Command Command Command Command Command Command Command INPUT FAULTS INPUT STRUCTURAL MODEL FAULT LINE POLYGON SFM PARAMETERS VARIO TYPE FAULT DISPLACEMENT LENGTH FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT Simulate Simulate sub seismic faults 1 4 1 1 4 2 1 4 3 1 4 4 1 4 5 1 4 6 1 4 7 1 4 8 1 4 9 1 4 10 1 4 11 1 4 12 1 4 13 1 4 14 1 4 15 1 4 16 1 4 17 1 4 18 1 4 19 1 4 20 1 4 21 1 4 22 Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command INPUT FAULTS FAULT LINE POLYGON SFM PARAMETERS VARIO TYPE SFM FAULT DISPLACEMENT LENGTH SFM FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT OUTPUT HAVANA FAULTS FAULTS STATISTICS SIMULATION VOLUME VERTICAL BUFFER SIZE INPUT FAULT CENTER LINES FAULT CENTER LINES OPTION INPUT WELL PATHS INPUT WELLOBS OF FAULTS INPUT WELLOBS OF NOFAULTS NUMBER OF FAULTS RELATIVE INTENSITY RELATIVE INTENSITY GRID DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY GRID OUTPUT DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY PARAMETERS I HAVANA user manual NE Oo O CO CO CO WO 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 19 19 19 1 4 23
15. Optional May only appear in the ACTION sections Description This command overrides any INPUT AND OUTPUT COMMAND with relation to INPUT files and redirects the search for input files in the current ACTION section Arguments One The name of a directory either relative to the one where the program is run or absolute Example INPUT DIRECTORY newfield data N 1 2 3 Command OUTPUT DIRECTORY Optional May only appear in the ACTION sections Description This command overrides any INPUT AND OUTPUT COMMAND with relation to OUTPUT files and redirects the writing of output files in the current ACTION section Arguments One The name of a directory either relative to the one where the program is run or absolute Example OUTPUT DIRECTORY results V 1 2 4 Command READ Optional May appear anywhere any number of times Description This command includes any set of valid HAVANA commands written in a separate file The effect is as if the commands had appeared directly in the main model file Any commands may appear in such files including new READ commands except ACTION commands This guarantees that one will always know what modules are run just by reading the top model file Arguments The name of one or more files with HAVANA commands Examples READ simulate model READ simi model sim2 model 1 2 5 Command SEED Optional If neither a seed number or a seed file are available a random seed number will be used If both a
16. arguments are the names of the top and bottom horizons of the reservoir for which faults are to be simulated Laterally the centerpoints of faults will then only be placed where both horizons exist and have non missing values Vertically centerpoints of faults may be placed between the horizons but also in a buffer below and above the horizons The size of this buffer is such that all faults will normally intersect the reservoir However the size of the buffer may also be specified by the user using the keyword VERTICAL BUFFER SIZE see the next section e The command has six numbers as arguments These numbers specify the range of the centerpoints of generated faults in the following manner minimum and maximum for the x coordinate and then for the y and z coordinates Examples SIMULATION VOLUME ti HAVANA user manual INRE irapsurfaces munin top igri irapsurfaces munin bot igri SIMULATION VOLUME 457000 466000 6574000 6587000 2100 3500 N 1 4 10 Command VERTICAL BUFFER SIZE Optional Description Defines the size of the vertical buffer above and below the reservoir used when simulating faults see the SIMULATION VOLUME command If the VERTICAL BUFFER SIZE command is not used the program computes a suitable buffer Size Arguments One The size of the buffer Examples VERTICAL BUFFER SIZE 0 VERTICAL BUFFER SIZE 50 1 4 11 Command INPUT FAULT CENTER LINES Optional Description Fault center lines are
17. by writing havana directly followed by the name of the model file If no model file name is given the program will look for a file named havana model in the current directory and use this file if possible The program is fully controlled by commands and arguments parameters in one or more model files 1 1 Model file syntax Comments can be inserted into model files using uw for single line comments or pairs of lt and gt for multi line comments All lines containing a are regarded as blank from that point on Everything starting with a lt and ending with a gt is also disregarded All non blank entries must be commands They must start with a command word and end with a character Between the command word and the backslash is the argument list which in general may contain any number of arguments The command ACTION divides the model file into sections Before the first ACTION command comes a section with some commands pertaining to the whole program see Section 1 2 The allowed commands in each following section depends on the specific ACTION command heading it Within each section the commands may appear in any order but any command except READ commands may appear at most once READ commands make it possible to read commands from other files so that one may split the model file into several smaller files see Section 1 2 4 The different sections correspond to different modu
18. or reverse Missing value Fault throw distribution Reverse drag distance Fault surface xMin yMin IX IY number of cells in x number of cells in y Indicator saying if the fault has displacement data Number of cells in x for fw moved grid Number of cells in y for fw moved grid Fw moved grid Number of cells in x for hw moved grid Number of cells in y for hw moved grid Hw moved grid Displacement surface xMin yMin IX IY number of cells in x number of cells in y Displacement grid HAVANA user manual INRE ti B License manager Starting with version 5 1 Havana has a new license manager controlling the permitted users the expiration date and the available modules The license manager is part of the havana program itself and hence it does not need any daemon running in the background All you need is a license file Hence to run HAVANA you need 1 A license file obtainable from support havana nr no 2 A model file 3 Either give the command unix gt havana 1 full_path license file model file or if the Havana installation script in Appendix C has been used to create a start up script or if the environment variable HAVANA LICENSE FILE is set to the full path of the license file just type unix gt havana model file where unix gt is the unix shell prompt If required contact the local system manager to get instructions for setting the environment variable ti HAVANA user manual INRE C Installation scri
19. parameter set must be without faultnames to account for unspecified mother faults Due to the stochastic nature of the Simulate action there is always a possibility of anew unknown mother fault Example CHILDREN PARAMETERS GENERAL 1 0 0 0 0 0 center for intensity strike dip normal dir 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 05 length length2 height width 2 0 I A in exp 1 A 0 0 HangwallFrac 0 0 0 5 Dip exp value rel to mother and st dev 30 0 1 0 Strike exp value rel to mother and st dev 0 6 fraction of children parameter set using a compact input style Co Cd Cn Li L2 H W A HW Ed Sd Es Ss F 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 05 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 90 0 1 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 I center offset strike dip normal 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 05 length length2 height width 2 0 childrenA 0 5 childrenHangwallFrac 0 0 0 5 Dip exp value rel to mother and st dev 90 0 1 0 Strike exp value rel to mother and st dev 1 0 fraction of children HF1 HF2 HF3 list of fault names for this param set 1 4 38 Command CHILDREN PARAMETERS MOTHER TYPE Optional Description Specifies how the center points of the children faults are distributed relatively to the mother faults if the mother fault is of type RMS There are two different possibilities The RMS fault is approximated by an elliptical fault This method is very fast but not very accurate The other possibility is to use the triangle structure of the RMS This method is accurat
20. point and one may specify whether it is normal or whether it is dipping eastwards Missing information may be replaced with a in the file See Section A 6 2 for a precise specification of the format Arguments One The name of a file containing the well fault observations I HAVANA user manual NRE amp 16 Example INPUT WELLOBS OF FAULTS wellobs dat 1 4 15 Command INPUT WELLOBS OF NOFAULTS Optional Description Used to put restrictions on faults intersecting the well paths For given intervals along the well paths one may specify that no fault intersecting the well in this interval has displacement at the intersection point above a certain threshold The intervals and thresholds are read from a file see Section A 6 4 for the format of this file Arguments One The name of a file containing the intervals and thresholds Example INPUT WELLOBS OF NOFAULTS welldata dat 1 4 16 Command NUMBER OF FAULTS Necessary Description Determines the number of new faults to be simulated Note that if deterministic faults these are additional Arguments One positive integer Example NUMBER OF FAULTS 100 1 4 17 Command RELATIVE INTENSITY Optional Description Specifies a trend function for the relative intensity of faults The term intensity is defined as the expected number of events i e fault center points per unit area HAVANA normalizes the values in the intensity field so that multiplying all the valu
21. side The input must be either 1 if the fault dips down on the east side or 0 e Whether the fault is normal The input must be either 1 if the fault is normal or 0 This list of numbers may be followed by a list of integers These integers will be interpreted as a list of faults truncating this one The integers refer to the indices of the other faults in the list As an example the following will be a legal input file It contains two faults truncating each other and a third untruncated fault This is my own list of faults Only two faults here both truncating each other x y z Displacement Asym Strike Dip Length Height Rev drag D East Norm Trunc 473248 40 6250139 54 9635 31 4 58 0 0 28 97 83 56 264 91 131 95 33 28 1 1 2 470231 52 6253973 31 10550 87 13 30 0 0 139 94 87 84 683 88 339 61 18 69 1 1 1 475477 07 6250081 58 10034 45 1 43 0 0 19 99 85 73 90 53 46 14 30 40 1 1 Note also that if the goal was to link the two first faults above together so that they represent one curved fault the truncation above does not give the desired result The fault planes are linked as expected but the two fault operators are both truncated away outside the truncation line while they are added together inside the truncation line If one wants to link several faults together to represent one curved fault one should use negative line numbers for truncation This will give the effect that the fault will be truncated by the plane go
22. these numbers are half of the corresponding diameters of the ellipsoid thus the length of the fault is twice the given number e The total maximal displacement of the fault e The asymmetry number between 1 and 1 indicating how much of the displacement takes place on the hanging wall side of the fault e A unit vector normal to the fault plane e A unit vector along the length of the fault this vector will always have a zero z component e A unit vector along the height of the fault The displacement takes place along this vector e The family number of the fault e The number of planes truncating the fault Then for each such truncating plane the indices of the faults truncating it A 8 Horizons Horizons may be read and written on several different formats e STORM STORMGRID BINARY format KD HAVANA user manual INRE 55 e RMS CLASSIC ASCII format The program will automatically recognize these formats A 9 Fault Blocks Fault block information can be written out from RMS for every point in a horizon RMS uses the following format Discrete 465350 406 465400 406 465450 406 465500 406 The first three columns are x y and z coordinates of the points the last column is the fault FaultBlock 5930052 000 5930052 000 5930052 000 5930052 000 block number 1545 000 1545 000 1545 000 1545 000 C o The fault blocks must be defined in a separate file This must be written m
23. used to simulate elliptic new faults The fault center lines are read from a ASCII file File format for the ASCII fault center lines file n Number of faults to be simulated from fault center lines missing value The definition of the missing value Faultname 1 name 1 of n normal 1 Normal fault 1 reverse fault 0 n 1 Number of fault center lines points for this fault x 11 y 11 Zz 11 Point 1 of n 1 points dipD 11 Dip direction 1 for east 0 for west dipA 11 Dip angle 0 to 90 degrees throw 11 Local throw x 12 y 12 z_12 Point 2 of n 1 points dipD 12 dipA 12 throw 12 Faultname 2 I name 2 of n normal 2 n 2 x 21 y 21 Zz 21 Point 1 of n 2 points dipD 21 dipA 21 throw 21 Note The values for normal reverse fault dip direction dip angle and local throw can be given I HAVANA user manual NRE amp 15 as missing values if they are not known The values will then be drawn from the stochastic model The choice of missing value is defined in the fault center lines file Arguments The name of a file containing the fault center lines Example INPUT FAULT CENTER LINES faultcenterlines dat 1 4 12 Command FAULT CENTER LINES OPTION Optional Description Specifies the method used in INPUT FAULT CENTER LINES for generating faults from fault center lines The only legal values are 0 and 1 The algorithm used for option 1 is using the two endpoints of the fault center line to define the lengt
24. 0 This command is used instead of HORIZON and FAULT LINES By using this command all fault lines and horizons are updated 1 10 4 Command HORIZON Optional Description Horizons that should be updated according to the changes in fault displacement Arguments At least one Name of files with horizons Legal formats are Roxar text RMSInternalPoints control points see section A 11 and Storm format Example HORIZON horizons topC xyz horizons baseA xyz 1 10 5 Command FAULT_LINES Optional Description Fault line points that should be updated according to the changes in the modified faults Arguments At least one Name of files with faultline points Either Roxar text format or files of type RMSInternalPoints control points Example ti HAVANA user manual INRE FAULT LINES faultlines TopCFaultLines ext 7 faultlines BaseAFaultLines txt 1 10 6 Command NODEFILE Optional Description A file with a point set is read and points are moved The moved points are written to a file with name inputfile moved where inputfile is the name of the input file Arguments The name of the input file Example NODEFILE nodes dat N 1 10 7 Command PRINT ONLY FAULTLINES FROM CHANGED FAULTS Optional Description When this command is given only fault lines from changed faults are written to file Arguments None 1 10 8 Command FAULT BLOCK DEFINITION Optional Description File which contains definition of f
25. 32 A1 4164 124 125 88 1 Note how the program reads the data line by line Thus when there is no information for the last items on a line it is not necessary to fill out the end of the line with question marks See Section 1 4 14 for usage of these files A 6 3 Input of well observations of faults with depth uncertainty This is an ASCII file that contains well observations of faults just as in A 6 2 but with uncertainty in depth The location of the observation must be given as the well name and the minimum and maximum distance from Kelly Bushing i e the measured depth Example Al 3945 3957 8 8 2 130 132 Al 4164 4187 7 124 125 88 1 A 6 4 Input of well intersection thresholds This file is used to specify intervals along well paths where there are no faults or at least no faults with displacement above a certain threshold Each line in the file corresponds to one such interval The interval is specified by writing first the well name and then the distances from Kelly Bushing i e the measured depths of the start and the end of the interval The line is ended with a single number The maximal displacement any fault intersecting the line can have at the intersection point Example A1 0 3500 5 A2 0 2000 10 A2 2000 3500 5 ti HAVANA user manual INRE A 6 5 Input of horizon wellpicks This file is used for filtering of fault line control points It contains coordinates of well picks from horizons The first two c
26. ACEMENT_INTENSITY is specified Description Specifies number of simulation box gridcells n ny nz in x y and z direction respectively for the displacement intensity grid The default numbers are n 50 ny 50 and nz 1 Note that the number of gridcells will influence the execution time of the Metropolis algorithm heavily Arguments Iree Integers Example DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY GRID 100 100 1 1 4 21 Command OUTPUT DISPLAGEMENT INTENSITY Optional Description When the DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY command is used one may use the OUTPUT DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY command to output the displacement intensity of the realization produced by the simulation One may also output the target displacement intensity for comparison This target intensity is computed by the program from the input in the DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY command Both intensities are output on a simple grid format nx ny nz for i 0 i lt nx ny nz i grid i This is the grid used internally in the program wheni it is trying to match the target intensity Arguments One or two The first argument is the name of the file where the result intensity will be written out If there is a second argument it should also be a file name and the target intensity will be written out there Examples OUTPUT DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY simDisplIntensity dat OUTPUT DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY simDisplIntensity dat targetIntensity dat N 1 4 22 Command DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY PARA
27. AM_GEOMETRY GAUSSIAN 1000 2000 0 0 1 7 13 Command DISTRIBUTION Optional Description Distribution for points on fault surface within fault volume Uniform and triangular distributions ensure that the simulated fault surface is within the given fault volume Uniform distribution is currently used as default Arguments One Name of distribution There are three possible distributions e UNIFORM Uniform distribution within given fault volume e TRIANGULAR Triangular distribution within given fault volume with mode equal to base case e NORMAL Normal distributed with mean equal to base case and stanard deviation equal to half the distance to the border of the fault volume Example DISTRIBUTION UNIFORM 1 7 14 Command FAULT_PICKS_FILE Optional Description File with well observations of faults Used for conditioning during simulation and prediction If no file is given no fault observations are used during simulation Arguments One Name of file containing fault picks on RMS format Example FAULT PICK FILE wellPicks txt Example of fault picks file Fi Well 9 169800 000 570800 000 1727 5908 F10 W8 169047 814 570891 481 1789 8117 FQ W1 169958 321 569800 000 1832 5233 ti HAVANA user manual INRE 1 7 15 Command FAULT PICK UNCERTAINTY Optional Description Common uncertainty for all given fault picks We only support uncertainty normally to the reference plane for the fault The uncertainty of the fault pic
28. ES ED arsen ay e Note no Authors O Copyright Norsk Regnesentral Norsk Regnesentral NORWEGIAN COMPUTING CENTER HAVANA user manual Version 6 1 Ed SAND 06 11 Per R e Frode Georgsen Anne Randi Syversveen March 28 2011 nw N Norsk Regnesentral NORWEGIAN COMPUTING CENTER The authors Several people are or have been involved in the development of Havana at NR including Kristin L Munthe Petter Mostad Geir Aamodt Jon Gjerde Bjorn Fredrik Nielsen Oddvar Lia Knut Utne Hollund Ariel Vazquez Almendral Christian Skaug Harald H Soleng Per R e Frode Georgsen Bj rn Fjellvoll and Anne Randi Syversveen Norwegian Computing Center Norsk Regnesentral Norwegian Computing Center NR is a private independent non profit foundation established in 1952 NR carries out contract research and development projects in the areas of information and communication technology and applied statistical modelling The clients are a broad range of industrial commercial and public service organizations in the national as well as the international market Our scientific and technical capabilities are further developed in co operation with The Research Council of Norway and key customers The results of our projects may take the form of reports software prototypes and short courses proof of the confidence and appreciation our clients have for us is given by the fact that most of our new co
29. Increasing the last number means that children may appear further away from the mother in the direction normal to the mother fault plane Example CHILDREN PARAMETERS 0 9 0 3 0 7 1 4 35 Command CHILDREN_STRIKE Necessary if children faults are to be simulated and neither CHILDREN_PARAMETERS_GENERAL nor RELAY_RAMPS is given I HAVANA user manual ME 26 Description The fault strike for the children faults is assumed to follow a normal distribution where the strike of the mother fault is the expected value This command specifies the standard deviation in this distribution in degrees Arguments One The standard deviation of the child fault strike a decimal number Example CHILDREN STRIKE 10 0 1 4 36 Command CHILDREN DIP Necessary if children faults are to be simulated and neither CHILDREN PARAMETERS GENERAL nor RELAY RAMPS is given Description The fault dip for the child faults is assumed to follow a normal distribution where the dip of the mother fault is the expected value This command specifies the standard deviation in the distribution Arguments One The standard deviation of the child fault dip a decimal number Example CHILDREN DIP 2 5 N 1 4 37 Command CHILDREN PARAMETERS GENERAL Optional Description Specifies how children faults are simulated relatively to the mother faults This command is an alternative to the CHILDREN PARAMETERS CHILDREN DIP and CHILDREN STRIKE commands Arguments The command
30. METERS Optional Description One may use this command to change from their default settings some of the parameters used in the displacement intensity simulation Specifically the first argument is the number of blocks in the displacement intensity grid used when smoothing the I HAVANA user manual NRE amp 19 displacement intensity before matching it with the target density The default value is 0 The second and optional argument is the constant used in the error estimation of the simulation The default value is 0 00000001 A larger value will give realizations which match the target density less well but the convergence of the iteration will be faster A smaller but positive argument will make the program try harder to match the exact target density but the convergence will be slower Arguments One or two The first is the number of grid cells used in smoothing while the second is the constant used in the error computations when matching a simulated displacement density with the target density Examples DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY PARAMETERS 4 DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY PARAMETERS 0 10 N 1 4 23 Command DISPLACEMENT Necessary Description Specifies parameters for the distribution of the maximal fault displacements The displacement of a fault is illustrated in Figure 1 2 and the distribution of these follow the a truncated probability distribution like the one in Figure 1 3 YU Figure 1 2 Illustration of measuri
31. UCTURAL_MODEL Necessary Only used for import of data on new RMS export format Description Specifies the name of the directory containing the fault files when using new RMS The directory must contain a fault_model file together with the fault surfaces as point sets To obtain the fault_model file use the command ExtractFaultLinesToFile under StructuralModels Horizons in RMS Arguments One The directory Example INPUT_STRUCTURAL_MODEL faults sfm_faults 1 3 3 Command FAULT_LINE_POLYGON Necessary If the faults are given on the old format Description List of files with fault line polygons exported from RMS One file corresponds to one horizon and contains fault lines for more than one fault The fault lines are generated in RMS by extracting fault lines from the horizon model within the structural model The resulting fault lines are placed in the Horizons list and exported using the Roxar text format Files of type RMSInternalPoints control points can also be I HAVANA user manual ME 11 read Then information about hw fw and fault name are also given in the file and this information is also read and used Arguments One or more Fach argument specifies a file containing a set of fault line polygons Example FAULT LINE POLYGON TopC faultlines points BaseA faultlines points V 1 3 4 Command SFM PARAMETERS Necessary Description Parameters describing the fault and corresponding influence area Arguments A list of
32. a thickness sections Rotation reference point and grid increments are embedded in the matrix HS HE HH FH FH OF FH OF OF OF TransformMatrix4x4 48 6113950022 47 0015702157 73 6735003873 467405 018948 87 3895432872 26 1451409223 40 9816952212 5929790 22863 0 84 30470926 53 7839752852 2677 77285235 0001 EndTransformMatrix4x4 Number of cells in U direction NU 98 Number of cells in V direction ti HAVANA user manual INRE NV 99 2d array of grid values NU NV values Data 0 840338 0 88161 0 970237 1 08047 1 19489 EndData Thickness attribute 2d array of grid values NU NV values Positive where the fault is active negative outside the active area The O contour of this attribute is the tipline of the fault H HO FHF OF AttributeThickness 0 248483 0 209946 0 119374 0 0196044 0 190451 EndAttributeThickness A 1 3 Fault line file The fault lines for alle the fault surfaces and all the horizons are given in the fault lines file This file is on RMS internal points format see section A 11 For each fault line point the following attributes are given FaultSide Side of fault that the fault line point belongs to Either hw or fw Fault Name of fault that the fault line point belongs to Horizon Name of horizon that the fault line point belongs to FaultBlock ID of fault block where this fault line point is located Example file String Fau
33. and FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT See 1 3 7 1 5 7 Command VARIOGRAM_GEOMETRY See 1 7 12 1 5 8 Command FAULT PICKS FILE See 1 7 14 1 5 9 Command OUTPUT FAULTS Necessary Description Specifies the name of the directory where faults are written to Arguments One The directory Example OUTPUT FAULTS transfsurfaceFaults 1 5 10 Command OUTPUT ORIGINAL HAVANA FAULTS Necessary Description Specifies the name of the directory where the original faults are written to These faults are written on the internal Havana format See A 12 Arguments One The directory Example OUTPUT ORIGINAL HAVANA FAULTS originalHavanaFaults V 1 5 11 Command OUTPUT MODIFIED HAVANA FAULTS Necessary Description Specifies the name of the directory where the modified faults are written to These I HAVANA user manual NRE amp 31 faults are written on the internal Havana format See A 12 Arguments One The directory Example OUTPUT MODIFIED HAVANA FAULTS modifiedHavanaFaults 1 5 12 Command TRANSFORM Optional Description Specifies transformations performed on the faults Arguments At least three Name of subcommand name of fault distance for translation Possible subcommands are TRANSLATE X translation parallel to the global x axis TRANSLATE Y translation parallel to the global y axis TRANSLATE NORM translation parallel to the faults normal vector projected to the global xy plane Note The fault lines and horizons if speci
34. ange 7 5 30 FractalDimension 2 0 This example generates slumps DISPLACEMENT Range 10 0 30 FractalDimension 2 0 Asymmetry 1 0 1 4 24 Command FAULT_DISPLACEMENT_LENGTH Necessary Description Specifies parameters for the relationship between maximum fault displacement and maximum fault length The fault length is assumed to approximately be a function of the displacement d The relationship is as follows I d c 1 The uncertainty in this relationship is modeled by multiplying the right hand side in the equation above by a stochastic variable with lognormal distribution The fault length is then I d c V where Vi has a lognormal distribution so that log Vi has a normal distribution with expectation zero and standard deviation 0 Arguments Three The exponent p the constant c and the standard deviation 0 all real numbers Values of 0 close to 0 0 1 0 2 indicate small uncertainty while larger values 0 5 1 indicate more uncertainty in the relationship Example FAULT_DISPLACEMENT_LENGTH 1 10 0 01 0 05 1 4 25 Command FAULT_LENGTH_HEIGHT Necessary Description Specifies parameters for the relationship between maximum fault length and I HAVANA user manual ME 21 maximum fault height The fault height h is illustrated in Figure 1 4 and is approximately following the relationship h 1 co as a function of the fault length I The uncertainty in this relationship is modeled by multi
35. anually First column is fault block number then all faults with side of fault for that block must be given 1 F1 hw F2 3 F1 fw F2 8 F1 undef F2 9 F1 fw F2 10 F1 fw F2 12 F1 undef F2 13 F1 undef F2 14 Fi fw F2 undef hw undef undef fw undef undef fw A 10 Nodefile The points in a nodefile can be read into Havana and moved according to commands given in ModifySurfaceFault This The points are top and base nodes from a corner One pair of top and base point is specified per The The modification of fault surfaces in Havana is The Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 4 I J node index for the pillar line this corner point belongs to Column 5 6 Column 8 9 Column Column F1 0 11 8 F1 1 12 8 F1 2 12 9 The fault name The fault name is the name specified in the input FAULTS keyword file for the Eclipse grid that is input to the grid updating program file format is F3 F3 F3 F3 F3 F3 F3 F3 F4 F4 F4 F4 F4 F4 F4 F4 undef undef undef undef hw undef undef fw file format is used as input output to from undef undef undef hw fw undef undef undef F5 F5 F5 F5 F5 F5 F5 F5 Havana undef undef hw fw undef undef undef undef file defines a point set to be updated by moving faults F6 F6 F6 F6 F6 F6 F6 F6 undef undef undef undef hw fw undef undef F7 F7 F7 F7 F7 F7 Fr F7 undef
36. ault blocks To be used if horizons contain information about fault blocks Arguments Name of input file The file format is plain ascii and one line for each fault block It starts with fault block number then fault name and side fw hw for all faults with known side Faults with undefined side need not be mentioned Example FAULT BLOCK DEFINITION faultblocks txt 1 10 9 Command FILTER DISTANCE Optional Description This argument gives a custom filtering distance for horizon and fault line points Sometimes RMS interpret points to be on the different side as they are interpreted in Havana This filtering removes the points that are so near a fault surface that this can be a problem Arguments One Distance used for filtering horizon and fault line points Points moved so they are within the given distance of a fault surface will be removed Default value is 1 0 1 10 10 Command NOT FILTER POINTS CROSSING FAULTS Optional Description When this command is given we do not filter points crossing faults when moving horizons Arguments None ti HAVANA user manual INRE 1 10 11 Command FILTERING FROM WELLS Optional Description Fault line points close to well points are filtered if they are on the same side and within a certain distance from a well point Optionally also points on opposite side can be filtered Arguments Name of input file minimum distance for filtering and optional an indicator 0 or 1 telling if po
37. ding the spatial interaction repulsion between parent faults This command is an alternative to command DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY in Section 1 4 19 Arguments Two The first argument is the interaction range a decimal number If two parent faults are further apart than the interaction range they will not repel each other The second argument is the maximum negative interaction potential indicating the strength of the interaction If the absolute value of this parameter is large the repulsion is strong if it is close to zero the repulsion is weak I HAVANA user manual NRE amp 25 Example REPULSION 2000 00 1 00 1 4 32 Command DISPLACEMENT_WEIGHT Optional Description The parameter specified here is an exponent for the fault displacements when these are used to determine family members for the mother faults The probability for the ith mother with displacement d to be selected as the mother for a new fault is originally d X di This implies that very large faults easily will become mothers for too many children faults To decrease the impact of the displacement size a weight is introduced The weighting function is d where d is the displacement and p is the exponent parameter given here The new probabilities are dr X dr Giving values larger then 1 increase the significance of the displacement in this relationship while values smaller than 1 gives more Arguments One A decimal number for the exponent p Default is p 1
38. e but very slow depending on the density of the triangularization and the size of the HAVANA user manual ME 2 intensity field given in RELATIVE INTENSITY GRID or DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY GRID Arguments One The two options are elliptic or rms The default value is elliptic Example CHILDREN PARAMETERS MOTHER TYPE rms V CHILDREN PARAMETERS MOTHER TYPE elliptic N 1 4 39 Command RELAY RAMPS Optional Description Specifies the relay ramp intensity between two mother faults The intensity field is given as an area between parts of the two mother faults with a planar top and bottom boundary The children faults are distributed according to the given parameters Arguments The first two parameters specifies the names of the interacting mother faults The next two parameters specify the intensity field between two mother faults as a function of the fractional length of each mother fault that is the part of the faults to be included in the relay ramp field Four parameters describe the intensity field between the interacting mothers The two first numbers represent the size of the intensity along the strike of the two mothers The intensity field varies acording to a linear function between the mother faults and a breakline dividing the intensity field in two different parts The third number describes the relative distance from the first mother fault to the breakline A number 0 5 means that the breakline divides the intensity field betw
39. een the two mothers in half The fourth number the size of the intensity at the break line Please note that the intensity sizes are relative that is the intensity field given by 1 0 1 0 0 5 0 5 and the field 2 0 2 0 0 5 1 0 are both equal The next number is the likelyhood of having a connecting fault between the two mother faults A number 1 0 means that there will be a connecting fault and a number 0 0 means that there will be no connecting fault The two parameters that follow the likelyhood of a connecting fault specifies the minimum and maximum displacement of the connecting fault If the maximum value of the displacement is set too low it may be impossible to draw a connecting fault The next two numbers gives the standard deviation of strike and dip for the drawn children Note that the expected strike is parallel to the axis of the relay ramp as defined between the two mother faults The last parameter is an number specifying the fraction of children for the two mother faults to be used for the relay ramp simulation For example if the relay ramp structure has a fraction of 0 3 and the children parameter general structure has a fraction of 0 7 this means that 70 of the simulated children belonging to the two mother faults will be simulated from the children parameter general family of children faults The remaining 30 is simulated from the relay ramp family of children faults It is possible to specify several relay ramps separated with
40. es in the trend maps with a fixed constant C will not change the result This command is an alternative to command DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY in Section 1 4 19 intensity area Figure 1 1 Relative intensity and simulated faults There are different possible ways of specifying spatially varying trend functions 1 Using the Constant keyword The argument is one real number This trend function is a constant position independent value 2 Using the MultiSurface keyword I HAVANA user manual NNE amp 17 The arguments are 2N file names The first N files are 2D maps containing a depth surface TVD The last N files are 2D maps containing a value of the variable this trend function represents All files represent grids which must cover exactly the same area and have the same grid resolution The depth surfaces must be specified in sorted order with the most shallow surface first and the deepest one as the last one The surfaces should not intersect each other to ensure the same order in all points x y The procedure for defining the value of the trend function at at position x y z is as follows e Find the grid cell index corresponding to the position x y e If the z coordinate is between two depth surfaces the value will be the linear interpolation of the values of the two grids interpolating along the vertical line through the point e If the z coordinate is above the top or below the bottom depth surfaces the value
41. faults with corresponding parameters For each fault the fault name fault throw distribution 1 0 all throw is distributed on hanging wall side 0 0 all throw is distributed on foot wall reverse drag distance measured laterally and whether the fault is normal 1 or reverse 1 is given For faults exported on the new format the information whether a fault is normal or reverse is exported from RMS in the fault model file If the name default is given the following parameters applies to all faults with no explicitly given parameters Example SEM PARAMETERS F3 1 0 500 1 F1 0 7 2000 1 default 0 5 1000 1 1 3 5 Command VARIO_TYPE Necessary Description Specifies a variogram model used when modeling the displacement field on the fault surface Arguments Four or five 1 Variogram type Possible variogram types are GAUSSIAN Gaussian variogram SPHERICAL Spherical variogram EXPONENTIAL Exponential variogram e GENERAL EXPONENTIAL General exponential variogram An additional parameter giving the power must be given 2 Range in strike direction Higher range gives smoother fault surfaces 3 Range in dip direction Higher range gives smoother fault surfaces 4 Anisotrophy angle in degrees Use this if you want to rotate the direction of the ranges 5 The power Only for general exponential variograms Examples ti HAVANA user manual INRE VARIO TYPE SPHERICAL 1000 500 0 0 N 1 3 6 Co
42. fied on output are not changed according to the transformations Example TRANSFORM TRANSLATE NORM F1 1000 TRANSLATE X F2 300 1 5 13 Command LOCAL ROTATION Optional Description Specifies rotations performed on the faults by changing azimuth and or dip angle Arguments At least three Name of subcommand name of fault change of angle given in degrees Possible subcommands are CHANGE_STRIKE and CHANGE_DIP Note The fault lines and horizons if specified on output are not changed according to the rotations Example LOCAL_ROTATION CHANGE_STRIKE F2 45 CHANGE_DIP F1 90 ti HAVANA user manual INRE 1 6 ModifyDisplacement Change displacement for SFM fault ACTION ModifyDisplacement This action is used to modify the fault surface of a set of faults on the SFM format Here are the available commands 1 6 1 Command INPUT FAULTS See 1 3 1 1 6 2 Command FAULT LINE POLYGON See 1 3 3 1 6 3 Command SFM PARAMETERS See 1 3 4 1 6 4 Command VARIO TYPE See 1 3 5 1 6 5 Command FAULT DISPLACEMENT LENGTH See 1 3 6 1 6 6 Command FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT See 1 3 7 1 6 7 Command OUTPUT FAULTS See 1 5 9 1 6 8 Command OUTPUT ORIGINAL HAVANA FAULTS See 1 5 10 1 6 9 Command OUTPUT MODIFIED HAVANA FAULTS See 1 5 11 1 6 10 Command SCALE DISPLACEMENT Optional Description Specifies the factor for the change of displacement Arguments At least two Name of fault multiplier for displacement c
43. h strike and location of the centre The displacement is found as the maximum observed displacement The dip is estimated from the observed dips The algorithm used for option 0 is using all the points for estimating the length strike and location of the centre The default is to use algorithm 0 Example FAULT CENTER LINES OPTION 1 N 1 4 13 Command INPUT WELL PATHS Optional Description This command is used to specify the wells For each well the name of the well must be given together with the name of a file specifying the well path The format for this file is given in Section A 6 1 Arguments list of triples of arguments Fach triple consists of the name of the well the name of the file containing the well path specification and the height of the kelly bushing With three elements per well the depth measurements in the z coordinate then refer to depth below the kelly bushing If only two arguments are found the depth measurements are assumed to be below mean sea level MSL and not below the kelly bushing KB Examples INPUT WELL PATHS A1 wellpathAl dat 100 A2 wellpathA2 dat 100 INPUT_WELL_PATHS A4 wellpathAl1 dat A5 wellpathA2 dat 1 4 14 Command INPUT WELLOBS OF FAULTS Optional Description Specifies a collection of points in the reservoir where a fault has been observed The points are read from an ASCII file For each point one may also specify an interval for the throw strike and dip of the fault at the
44. hange The displacement at every point on the fault surface is multiplied by this factor Result A modified displacement grid for each fault is written to a file in the directory specified in the command OUTPUT MODIFIED HAVANA FAULIS This modified fault is used in the Action UpdatePoints Example SCALE DISPLACEMENT F3 1 2 F1 0 7 V ti HAVANA user manual INRE 1 6 11 Command ADD THROW Optional Description Specifies a number for the change of throw by adding this number Arguments At least two Name of fault constant for throw addition The throw at every point on the fault surface is increased by this factor If the number is positive the foot wall side is moved up and hanging wall side is moved down If the number is negative foot wall side is moved down and hanging wall side moved up Result A modified displacement grid for each fault is written to a file in the directory specified in the command OUTPUT MODIFIED HAVANA FAULIS This modified fault is used in the Action UpdatePoints Example ADD THROW F2 10 F4 lt 5 4 ti HAVANA user manual INRE 1 7 SimulateFaultSurface Simulate SFM faults ACTION SimulateFaultSurface V This action is used to generate stochastic realisations of a set of faults on the SFM format Here are the available commands 1 7 1 Command INPUT FAULTS See 1 3 1 1 7 2 Command FAULT LINE POLYGON See 1 3 3 1 7 3 Command SFM PARAMETERS See 1 3 4 1 7 4 Command VARIO TYPE
45. has 14 or more arguments specifying fault names and the 14 parameters controlling the simulation of children faults The children faults are distributed around a single point The first three arguments specify the position of this point relative to the centerpoint of the mother fault The arguments are the shift in the strike dip and reverse drag direction The values should be relative to of the size of the mother fault length height and reverse drag For example if 1 0 0 is used the centerpoints of the children faults will be distributed around one of the fault tips The distribution for the children fault centerpoints is a combination of two multinormal distributions one in each direction along the length of the mother faults Argument four and five specifies the standard deviations along the length of the mother fault in both directions the next two arguments are the standard deviation along the height and normal to the fault plane respectively Again all these numbers are relative to the size of the current mother fault For example using the parameters 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 means that almost all children faults will be placed inside an ellipsoid equal in size to the mother fault ellipsoid Increasing the first number means that children may appear further away along the length of the mother fault Increasing the last number means that children may appear further away from the mother in the direction normal to the mother fault plane The i
46. in the first or last value file in position x y is assigned As one can see from this procedure a 3D trend is defined from values of the trend function located at N different surfaces in space Arguments One A trend function Note that the relative intensity must be non negative with some positive values Examples RELATIVE_INTENSITY Constant 1 0 RELATIVE_INTENSITY MultiSurface munin_top s munin_bot s munin_top_intensity s munin_bot_intensity s 1 4 18 Command RELATIVE_INTENSITY_GRID Optional Only used if command RELATIVE INTENSITY is specified Description Specifies number of simulation box gridcells n ny nz in x y and z direction respectively for the relative intensity grid The default numbers are nx 50 ny 50 and nz 10 Arguments Tree Integers Example RELATIVE_INTENSITY_GRID 100 100 1 1 4 19 Command DISPLACEMENT_INTENSITY Optional Description Specifies a trend function for the displacement intensity of simulated mother faults This command is an alternative to the commands RELATIVE_INTENSITY Section 1 4 17 and REPULSION Section 1 4 31 I HAVANA user manual NRE amp 18 Arguments One A MultiSurface trend function For a description of its format see Section 1 4 17 Example DISPLACEMENT_INTENSITY MultiSurface munin_top s munin_bot s munin_displ_intensity s munin_displ_intensity s 1 4 20 Command DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY GRID Optional Only used if command DISPL
47. ing through the intersection line between the two faults and dividing the angle between the two fault planes in two In the example below the three faults are linked together to represent one curved fault The three faults are linked together to represent one curved fault x y z Displacement Asym Strike Dip Length Height Rev drag D East Norm Trunc 120 00 120 00 2 00 30 00 0 0 65 00 78 99 200 0 50 00 50 00 1 1 2 100 00 100 00 2 00 30 00 0 0 5 00 80 99 200 0 50 00 50 00 1 1 1 3 80 00 50 00 2 00 30 00 0 0 87 00 90 00 200 0 50 00 50 00 1 1 2 A 4 Output of fault statistics The format for the output of fault statistics using the keyword FAULTS STATISTICS see Section 1 4 8 is very similar to the format for inputing Elliptic faults see Section A 3 The only differences are that in the faults statistics file the truncated lengths and heights of the faults will normally be output and that the indices indicating fault truncations that may appear at the end of each line in the format for inputing Elliptic faults do not appear in the statistics format ES HAVANA user manual NRE amp 52 A 5 Fault center lines file File format for the ASCII fault center lines file n Number of faults to be simulated from fault center lines missing The definition of the missing value Fault name 1 of n n 1 Number of fault center lines for this fault x 11 y 11 Zz 11 Point 1 of n 1 points dipD 11 Dip direction 1 for east 0 for west dipA 11
48. ins the following information BoundingBox The definition of the used fault model bounding box Faults Number of faults and name of each fault in this structural model For each fault azimuth and dip is given Truncations The fault truncations Note that Havana currently only supports simple truncations i e only one truncation rule per line A 3 Input of Elliptic faults The format is as follows The program will discard the first lines as long as they do not start with a number Then it will interpret each remaining line of the file as data for one fault The numbers read are interpreted as e x coordinate of the center point of the fault e y coordinate of the center point of the fault e z coordinate of the center point of the fault e The total maximal displacement HAVANA user manual 51 e The asymmetry of the displacement A number between 1 and 1 1 means that all displacement happens on the foot wall side I means that all displacement happens on the hanging wall side and 0 means a symmetric fault e The strike measured clockwise from the north in degrees e The dip in degrees such that vertical faults have dip 90 e The total untruncated length of the fault e The total untruncated height of the fault plane e The reverse drag of the fault distance from center point to where the fault operator dies out measured in the direction normal to the fault plane e Whether the fault dips down on the east
49. ints on opposite side of the well point should be filtered The file is a plain ascii text file which can be exported from RMS Each line contains first two strings which are not used and then x y and z coordinates of a point Example FILTERING_FROM_WELLS welldata dat 1000 0 1 1 10 12 Command OUTPUT HORIZONS Optional Description Directory to store output horizons Arguments One Name of directory Example OUTPUT_HORIZONS horizons 1 10 13 Command OUTPUT_FAULTLINES Optional Description Directory to store output fault lines Arguments One Name of directory Example OUTPUT_FAULTLINES FaultLines ti HAVANA user manual INRE 1 11 Restore Restore surfaces ACTION Restore Here are necessary and optional keywords for the action Restore The action takes a surface specified in the keyword HORIZON moves all points according to the reverse fault operators in the model and writes the unfaulted surface to file 1 11 1 Command INPUT FAULTS See 1 3 1 1 11 2 Command FAULT_LINE POLYGON See 1 3 3 1 11 3 Command SFM PARAMETERS See 1 3 4 1 11 4 Command VARIO_TYPE See 1 3 5 1 11 5 Command FAULT DISPLACEMENT LENGTH See 1 3 6 1 11 6 Command FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT See 1 3 7 1 11 7 Command HORIZON See 1 10 4 But necessary in this action ti HAVANA user manual INRE 1 12 TestFaults Test reading and writing of faults ACTION TestFaults The TestFaults action is useful in QC of the str
50. ks is modelled with a normal distribution with standard deviation equal to half the input uncertainty The uncertainty is however restricted by fault volume boundaries Arguments One Uncertainty in fault picks Example FAULT PICK UNCERTAINTY 20 N ti HAVANA user manual INRE 1 8 SimulateDisplacement Fault displacement field modeling ACTION SimulateDisplacement The necessary and optional keywords for the SimulateDisplacement action are described here 1 8 1 Command INPUT FAULTS See 1 3 1 1 8 2 Command FAULT LINE POLYGON See 1 3 3 1 8 3 Command SFM PARAMETERS See 1 3 4 1 8 4 Command VARIO TYPE See 1 3 5 1 8 5 Command FAULT DISPLACEMENT LENGTH See 1 3 6 1 8 6 Command FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT See 1 3 7 1 8 7 Command OUTPUT FAULTS See 1 5 9 1 8 8 Command OUTPUT ORIGINAL HAVANA FAULTS See 1 5 10 1 8 9 Command OUTPUT MODIFIED HAVANA FAULTS See 1 5 11 1 8 10 Command SEISMIC RESOLUTION Neccesary Description The seismic resolution which defines standard deviation of uncertainty in observations Arguments One One constant value Example SEISMIC RESOLUTION 10 0 1 8 11 Command SIMULATION Optional Description Indicator telling whether we should simulate or predict Arguments One 1 for simulation 0 for prediction Default value is 1 Example SIMULATION 0 i HAVANA user manual 38 1 9 AddFaults Add Faults to surface ACTION AddFaults Here are necessary and optional ke
51. les within HAVANA Each module is independent of the others in that it reads all of its input from files and writes all results to files before the next module is started This is slightly inefficient but has the advantage that HAVANA may be restarted at any module that causes it to terminate instead of at the very beginning The whole model file is checked before any part of the actual program is run If any errors are found they are listed and the program is terminated Note that there may still be errors in the input files read by the program It is not checked that for example ECLIPSE input files or RMS input files are correct before the program execution reaches the place where they are read in 1 2 Commands common to the whole program Many HAVANA commands may only appear in specific sections i e below specific ACTION commands However some commands may appear before any action commands or in any section or indeed anywhere These are listed below 1 2 1 Command INPUT AND OUTPUT DIRECTORY Optional May only appear before any of the ACTION commands Description All files read and written by the program will be assumed located relative to this directory ti HAVANA user manual INRE Arguments One The name of a directory either relative to the one where the program is run or absolute Examples INPUT AND OUTPUT DIRECTORY mydir V INPUT AND OUTPUT DIRECTORY user geir havana example V 1 2 2 Command INPUT DIRECTORY
52. ltSide String Fault String Horizon Discrete FaultBlock 466914 549 5929860 689 2105 067 hw Fil TopC 466758 129 5929773 680 1764 236 fw Fil TopC 9 ti HAVANA user manual INRE 466865 918 5929948 068 2104 987 hw Fil TopC 1 466705 468 5929858 816 1764 563 fw Fil TopC 9 A 1 4 Horizon file The horizons are exported to files with the same name as the horizons They are exported as point sets on the RMS internal points format see section A 11 Two attributes are given for each point a FaultBlock attribute giving witch fault block the point belongs to and a FaultTag attribute that is currently not in use Example file Discrete FaultBlock String FaultTag 459206 482 5929816 167 1730 060 13 UNDEF 459406 482 5929816 167 1731 072 13 UNDEF 459606 482 5929816 167 1732 178 13 UNDEF 459806 482 5929816 167 1733 431 13 UNDEF A 2 Input of fault model from RMS on old format In all other versions of RMS than the cohiba development branch of RMS2011 the only export avaiable is by generating a fault model file This file is written when running the fault modelling job in RMS and is written to a location specified by the RMS FAULT MODEL FILENAME The fault surfaces must be exported on the RMS points format to the same directory containing the fault model file and the files must have same names as fault model file The fault model file is similar to the fault model file exported with the new export job see section A 1 1 however it only conta
53. mand 1 7 7 Command 1 7 8 Command 1 7 9 Command 1 7 10 Command 1 7 11 Command 1 7 12 Command 1 7 13 Command 1 7 14 Command 1 7 15 Command 1 8 1 Command 1 8 2 Command 1 8 3 Command 1 8 4 Command 1 8 5 Command 1 8 6 Command 1 8 7 Command 1 8 8 Command 1 8 9 Command 1 8 10 Command 1 8 11 Command 1 9 1 Command 1 9 2 Command 1 9 3 Command 1 9 4 Command 1 9 5 Command 1 9 6 Command 1 9 7 Command 1 10 1 Command 1 10 2 Command 1 10 3 Command 1 10 4 Command 1 10 5 Command 1 10 6 Command 1 10 7 Command 1 10 8 Command 1 10 9 Command 1 10 10 Command 1 10 11 Command 1 10 12 Command 1 10 13 Command Restore 1 11 1 INPUT ORIGINAL HAVANA FAULTS INPUT MODIFIED HAVANA FAULTS INPUT STRUCTURAL MODEL HORIZON FAULT LINES NODEFILE PRINT ONLY FAULTLINES _ FROM CHANGED FAULTS FAULT BLOCK DEFINITION FILTER DISTANCE NOT FILTER POINTS _ CROSSING FAULTS FILTERING_FROM_WELLS OUTPUT HORIZONS OUTPUT FAULTLINES Restore surfaces Command INPUT _ FAULTS 1 11 2 Command FAULT LINE POLYGON D NRE M HAVANA user manual 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 36 36 37 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 40 40 41 41 41 41 41 42 42 42 43 43 43 1 12 1 11 3 Command SFM PARAMETERS 1 11 4 Command VARIO TYPE 1 11 5 Command FAULT DISPLACEMENT _ LENGTH 1 11 6 Command FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT 1 11
54. mmand DIP Necessary Description Specifies the distribution of the dip angle for the faults The dip of a fault is the inclination angle between the fault plane and the horizontal see Figure 1 5 The dip is given in degrees between 0 and 90 This command accepts one or more parameter sets If command ORIENTATION GROUPS is specified one set for each orientation group can be specified otherwise only one set If ORIENTATION GROUPS is specified and only one parameters set is specified the same parameters will be used for all groups The sets of numbers for each group must be separated with a character Note the blank space before and after Arguments Each parameter set consists of four sub commands ProbDownEast ProbNormal Expectation and Stdev The sub command ProbDownEast is followed by a decimal number which is the probability for the fault plane dipping down towards the east The sub command ProbNormal is followed by the probability of having a normal fault contrary to a reverse fault Then the expectation and standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution of the fault dip angle is specified by the sub commands Expectation and Stdev each followed by a trend function see section 1 4 17 These trend functions may be used to let the dip vary across the reservoir Example DIP ProbDownEast 0 7 ProbNormal 1 0 Expectation Constant 60 0 Stdev Constant 4 0 ProbDownEast 0 5 ProbNormal 1 0 Expectation Constant 40 0
55. mmand FAULT DISPLACEMENT LENGTH Optional Description The relationship between maximum displacement and length of fault Arguments Two constants a and b where length maximumDisplacement b Default values if command is not defined are 1 0 and 0 05 Examples FAULT_DISPLACEMENT_LENGTH 1 0 0 05 1 3 7 Command FAULT_LENGTH_HEIGHT Optional Description The relationship between length and height of fault Arguments One constant c where height length c Default value if command is not defined is 2 0 Examples FAULT_LENGTH_HEIGHT 2 0 1 4 Simulate Simulate sub seismic faults ACTION Simulate This module is used when parametric faults are simulated possibly conditioned on the presence of known faults and well observations of the geological layers The simulation is done according to the specified intensity maps and distributions for the fault properties 1 4 1 Command INPUT FAULTS See 1 3 1 1 4 2 Command FAULT LINE POLYGON See 1 3 3 1 4 3 Command SFM PARAMETERS See 1 3 4 1 4 4 Command VARIO_TYPE See 1 3 5 1 4 5 Command SFM FAULT DISPLACEMENT LENGTH See 1 3 6 1 4 6 Command SFM FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT See 1 3 7 1 4 7 Command OUTPUT_HAVANA_FAULTS Necessary Description Specifies a directory for output of the deterministic and simulated faults The faults are all written on the HAVANA format used by HAVANA 5 The output directory will only contain the simulated elliptic faults cs HAVANA use
56. nd Command Command Command Command INPUT FAULTS FAULT LINE POLYGON SFM PARAMETERS VARIO TYPE FAULT DISPLACEMENT LENGTH FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT OUTPUT FAULTS OUTPUT ORIGINAL HAVANA _ FAULTS OUTPUT MODIFIED HAVANA FAULTS SCALE DISPLACEMENT ADD THROW SimulateFaultSurface Simulate SFM faults 1 7 1 1 7 2 1 7 3 Command Command Command INPUT FAULTS FAULT LINE POLYGON SFM PARAMETERS D NRE M HAVANA user manual 20 21 21 22 22 23 24 25 25 26 26 26 26 27 27 28 29 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 32 32 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 34 35 35 35 35 VARIO TYPE FAULT DISPLACEMENT LENGTH FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT OUTPUT FAULTS OUTPUT ORIGINAL HAVANA _ FAULTS OUTPUT MODIFIED HAVANA FAULTS SIMULATION FAULT VOLUME WIDTH VARIOGRAM GEOMETRY DISTRIBUTION FAULT PICKS FILE FAULT PICK UNGERTAINTY SimulateDisplacement Fault displacement field modeling INPUT FAULTS FAULT LINE POLYGON SFM PARAMETERS VARIO TYPE FAULT DISPLACEMENT LENGTH FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT OUTPUT FAULTS OUTPUT ORIGINAL HAVANA _ FAULTS OUTPUT MODIFIED HAVANA FAULTS SEISMIC RESOLUTION SIMULATION AddFaults Add Faults to surface INPUT FAULTS FAULT LINE POLYGON SFM PARAMETERS VARIO TYPE FAULT DISPLACEMENT _ LENGTH FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT HORIZON UpdatePoints Update point sets after mediviig or dene 1 7 4 Command 1 7 5 Command 1 7 6 Com
57. ng the displacement of a fault Arguments There are two required and one optional sub commands within this command Range and FractalDimension required and Asymmetry optional The arguments following Range are two decimal numbers The first one is minimum displacement and the last one is maximum displacement The argument following FractalDimension is a decimal number determining the fractal dimension of the distribution The arguments following Asymmetry are two decimal numbers The first number specifies how much of the displacement takes place on the footwall side and how much on the hangingwall side If it is 1 all displacement takes place on the hangingwall side if it is zero the default there is equally much displacement on either side and if it is 1 all displacement takes place on the footwall side The second number specifies the uncertainty ES HAVANA user manual NRE amp 20 PDF HL T 5 10 15 20 25 Displacement Figure 1 3 A truncated fractal probability density function with fractal dimension d 2 4 and range from 5 to 12 meters around the first number If it is greater than zero the asymmetry number will be drawn for each fault from a normal distribution with expectation and standard deviation given by the two numbers Note that if the Asymmetry sub command does not appear displacement will always be equally divided between the footwall and hangingwall sides Examples DISPLACEMENT R
58. ntensity of children fault centerpoints are expressed by exp x where x is the distance from the centerpoint scaled by the standard deviations The a can be set using argument 8 For a multinormal distribution a value of 2 0 must be used Argument 9 controls the children fault intensity on the hangwall v s footwall side of the mother fault The values accepted are from 1 to 1 A value of 1 will cause zero intensity at the footwall side and double intensity at the hangwall side value og 0 5 will cause at 50 I HAVANA user manual ME 27 increased decreased intensity at the footwall hangwall sides A value of 0 will cause no shift i e same intensity on both sides The fault strike and dip for the children faults is assumed to follow normal distributions Argument 10 is the expected dip direction relative to the dip direction of the mother fault Argument 11 is the dip standard deviation The values should be given degrees Argument 12 and 13 is similar to 10 and 11 but for strike It is possible to specify several parameter sets separated by Argument 14 is a number specifying the fraction of children to be simulated using the specified set of parameters The numbers will be scaled if their sum is different form one Parameter sets may be given for specific mother faults by entering a list of fault names starting from argument 15 Faults specified will only use parameter sets where it is specified Note that at least one
59. ntracts are signed with previous customers Norsk Regnesentral Bes ksadresse Telefon telephone Internett internet Norwegian Computing Center Office address 47 22 85 25 00 www nr no Postboks 114 Blindern Gaustadall en 23 Telefaks telefax E post e mail NO 0314 Oslo Norway NO 0373 Oslo Norway 47 22 69 76 60 nr nr no Title HAVANA user manual Authors Per R e Frode Georgsen Anne Randi Syversveen Date March 28 2011 Publication number SAND 06 11 Abstract HAVANA is a program for simulating subseismic faults in petroleum reservoirs and for integrat ing the effects of these faults into the reservoir description The HAVANA project has a long history the original sponsors being Statoil BP and Norsk Hydro Other sponsors include Conoco Norge AS Saga Petroleum AS and Centre for Integrated Petroleum Research at University of Bergen Keywords fault simulation sealing stochastic software Target group HAVANA Users Availability Open Project Project number Research field Fault modelling Number of pages 62 Copyright O 2011 Norwegian Computing Center Contents 1 User Reference Model file syntax Commands common to the een program 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 4 1 2 5 1 2 6 1 2 7 1 2 8 Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command INPUT AND OUTPUT DIRECTORY INPUT DIRECTORY OUTPUT DIRECTORY READ SEED INPUT SEED FILE LEVEL OF INFORMATION
60. olumns are discarded when the file is read Example TopC Well 463174 625 5933349 000 1598 8566 TopB Well E 460241 906 5935144 000 1625 7587 A 7 Havana specific file type Havana faults The HAVANA faults directory is used for generating input to HAVANA 5 HAVANA faults are stored in a directory containing the four files version Condition EllFaults and EllFaultGhosts and the four directories IRAPfaults IRAPghostFaults ParametricFaults and ParametricGhostFaults Elliptic HAVANA generated faults are stored in the EllFaults file The truncation rules are given in the file truncTable First is the number of faults to be truncated Then on each line is the name of the fault to be truncated followed by the number of faults and the fault names The other directories and files are always empty when generated with HAVANA 6 Note that the names of the files and directories cannot be changed When reading faults from a directory in the Havana faults format the program will look for files and directories with the names described above and ignore all other files and directories A 7 1 Format for the EllFaults file The first number in the file is the number of faults the file contains Then follows for each fault e The name of the fault e The position of the fault in UTM TVD coordinates e The length of the length width and reverse drag axes of the ellipsoide Note that
61. opC TopB TopA BaseA HorizonsEnd Keyword to the section FaultBlocks The fault block id is an integer We then list which side the fault block is of neighbor faults Like for truncations gt means HW side and lt means FW side 1 gt F1 3 lt F1 gt F2 HAVANA user manual i 48 8 gt F5 gt F6 9 lt Fi gt F3 gt F4 lt F5 gt F6 10 lt Fi lt F2 gt F3 lt F4 gt F6 12 gt F3 lt F6 gt F7 13 lt F6 lt F7 14 lt F1 lt F2 lt F3 FaultBlocksEnd A 1 2 Fault surface file The fault file is named lt fault name gt grid and has a format similar to the fault model file The file contains the following sections TransformMatrix4x4 A 4x4 transformation matrix defning the transformations between local and global coordinates NU and NV number of points in local u and v directions Data NU NV values with the local w value distance to reference plane for each point on the fault surface Thickness NU NV values currently only used to define the fault tip Positive thickness values means that the point is within the fault tip while zero or a negative value means that the point is outside the fault tip line Example fault surface file RMS_fault_grid_version 2 0 Comment lines start with Definition of local space by 4x4 matrix Use the matrix M to transform local grid points to user coordinates Lx y z w M u v datalu v 1 0 u v are indexes into the dat
62. or each fault on STORM binary format with codes telling which side of the fault the grid cells are The values are 0 if the cell is outside the volume affected by the fault 1 if the cell is on the hanging wall side of the fault 2 if the cell is on the foot wall side of the fault distance to fault contains a grid file for each input fault The grid is populated with distances to the fault surface for the given fault The distance is positive on the hanging wall side of the fault and negative on the foot wall side For points outside the fault surface the distance to the reference plane is given fault points sided contains the fault line points sorted per horizon fault and side of fault Contains two subdirectories one with the fault lines on Roxar text format and one with the fault lines on RMS internal points format tagged with a segment number visualizing how Havana splits the set of fault line points according to truncations fr I HAVANA user manual ME 44 restored fault lines contains the restored fault line points in the same formats as described for fault points sided In addition the fault lines for each horizon are given in Roxar text format and internal points format fault surface extrapolation contains a set of surface files for each fault visualizing the fault surface on various steps in the fault surface extrapolation The supported commands for the TestFaults action are given below 1 12 1 Command See 1 3 1
63. ount 7 points towards the above side of the fault Fault Type N normal R reverse U undefined format fault_name azimuth dip fault_type F1 60 914519 57 463298 N F2 44 124806 90 000000 N F3 231 591778 90 000000 N F4 213 517344 90 000000 N F5 208 746356 90 000000 N F6 91 633742 90 000000 N F7 79 927519 90 000000 R FaultsEnd Keyword to the section Truncations HAVANA user manual Each fault is formed into a single valued surface form a particular gridding direction The dip amp dip az in degrees is the gridding direction used The format is as follows fault names should have no white space in them The dip amp dipaz define a normal This normal KD NRE We don t really know how many truncations we might get so keep reading them until you find TruncationsEnd In the user interface About Hanging wall or HW Below Footwall or FW keep reading them until you find TruncationsEnd faultA gt faultB faultA is truncated above faultB faultA lt faultB faultA is truncated below faultB faultA lt faultB amp gt faultC faultA is truncated where it is below faultB and above faultC HE HE H FH HF FH OF OF OF OF OF OF The lists should only contain faults named in the Faults section F2 F3 F3 F4 F6 TruncationsEnd F1 F1 F2 F3 F3 N A VV NM Keyword to the section Horizons Just horizon names Cannot contain spaces T
64. plying the right hand side in the equation above by a stochastic variable with lognormal distribution The fault height is then h 1 c2 Va where V2 has a lognormal distribution so that log V2 has a normal distribution with expectation zero and standard deviation oo Height Reverse drag Figure 1 4 Height and reverse drag of a fault Arguments Two The parameter cz and the standard deviation o2 Values of 02 close to 0 0 1 0 2 indicate small uncertainty while larger values 0 5 1 indicate more uncertainty in the relationship Example FAULT_LENGTH_HEIGHT 2 0 0 1 1 4 26 Command FAULT_AVERAGE_REVERSEDRAG Necessary Description Specifies parameters for the relationship between the average size of the fault plane and the maximum reverse drag of the fault The reverse drag r see Figure 1 4 is assumed to approximately follow the relationship r c3V h as a function of the fault height h and the fault length l The uncertainty in this relationship is modeled by multiplying the right hand side in the equation above by a stochastic variable with lognormal distribution The reverse drag is then r c3 VIhV where V3 has a lognormal distribution so that log V3 has a normal distribution with expectation zero and standard deviation o3 Arguments Two The parameter c3 and the standard deviation o3 Values of o3 close to 0 0 1 0 2 indicate small uncertainty while larger values 0 5 1 indicate more uncertainty in
65. pt and start up script Starting with version 5 2 Havana is delivered with a perl installation script called install havana In order to run this script make sure that your perl installation is v5 8 0 or newer The installation script places the havana binaries and the license file in directories chosen by the user creates a start up script and places a soft link in e g usr bin havana The start up script automatically keeps track of the license file location and selects the correct binary for the platform used With the installation script correctly set up users do not need to set the variable HAVANA_LICENSE_FILE any more ti HAVANA user manual INRE Index ACTION 8 Action AddFaults 39 ModifyDisplacement 33 ModifyFaultSurface 31 Restore 43 Simulate 13 SimulateDisplacement 38 SimulateFaultSurface 35 TestFaults 44 UpdatePoints 40 ADD THROW 34 CHILDREN DIP 27 CHILDREN PARAMETERS 26 CHILDREN PARAMETERS GENERAL 27 CHILDREN PARAMETERS MOTHER TYPE 28 CHILDREN STRIKE 26 comment 8 DIP 24 DISPLACEMENT 20 DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY 18 DISPLACEMENT WEIGHT 26 DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY PARA METERS 19 DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY GRID 19 DISTRIBUTION 36 environment variable 59 60 FAULT AVERAGE REVERSEDRAG 22 FAULT BLOCK DEFINITION 41 FAULT CENTER LINES OPTION 16 FAULT DISPLACEMENT LENGTH 13 21 FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT 13 21 FAULT LINE POLYGON 11 FAULT LINES 40 FAULT PICK UNCERTAINTY 37
66. pth or one may give the x y and z coordinates of the location The program determines which option is used by determining whether the first item on the line is a text string or a number Following the specification of the location there may be any number of items as many as seven are read by the program Each of these seven items must be either a number or the character which of course signifies missing data If there are less than seven items on the line the effect is the same as if the missing items had been The seven items have the following meaning ti HAVANA user manual INRE e Minimum fault throw at the observation point e Maximum fault throw at the observation point e Minimum dip azimuth of the fault in degrees e Maximum dip azimuth of the fault in degrees e Minimum dip of the fault in degrees e Maximum dip of the fault in degrees e Whether the fault is normal signified by 1 or reverse signified by 0 To define the dip azimuth of a fault take that normal vector to the fault plane that points upwards and project it to the horizontal plane Then measure its angle in degrees with the vector pointing north in the y coordinate direction measuring the angle clockwise from north This produces an angle between 0 and 360 degrees Examples 460000 6580000 3000 8 8 2 130 132 461000 6581000 3200 KG 124 125 88 1 or using measured depth to specify position A1 3945 8 8 2 130 1
67. r manual NRE amp 13 Arguments One The name of the directory where the faults are to be written Example OUTPUT HAVANA FAULTS outhfdir 1 4 8 Command FAULTS STATISTICS Optional Description The most important data for the simulated faults are output to a file on an easy to read format Arguments One two or three First the name of the output file for the statistics The format for this file is presented in Section A 4 The length of the fault is not the major diagonal of the elliptic plane but rather the part of this diagonal that is not truncated away by other faults Similarily for the height values To obtain better compatibility with the format for inputing Elliptic faults one may add the word NoTruncations as the second argument of this command Then the untruncated lengths and heights will be output The option TruncInfo will output the number of faults which truncates the given one and their fault names Fault statistics file written with the NoTruncations and TruncInfo may be imported in RMS Examples FAULTS STATISTICS statistics dat FAULTS STATISTICS statistics dat NoTruncations N FAULTS STATISTICS statistics dat TruncInfo N FAULTS STATISTICS statistics dat NoTruncations TruncInfo V 1 4 9 Command SIMULATION VOLUME Necessary Description Defines the boundary of the volume where the faults are simulated represented by their centerpoints Arguments One of two forms e The
68. re available the seed number given in the seed file is used Description Sets the seed for the random number generator Arguments One An integer between 0 and 4294967295 Example SEED 74839254 tit HAVANA user manual INRE 1 2 6 Command INPUT SEED FILE Optional If neither a seed number or a seed file are available a random seed number will be used If both are available the seed number given in the seed file is used Description Reads and sets the seed for the random number generator from a file If the file does not exists it will be created The value of the seed after the simulation is written out to the file Arguments One The name of an ASCII file containing one single integer between 0 and 4294967295 Example INPUT SEED FILE seed dat N 1 2 7 Command LEVEL OF INFORMATION Optional May appear anywhere If it appears before any ACTION command it affects the whole program while if it appears below an ACTION command it affects only that section Description The command regulates the amount of information output to screen and to the log file There are six levels of information 0 1 2 3 4 and 5 If level 0 is used only warnings and errors are written Level 4 and 5 give debug information When LEVEL OF INFORMATION does not appear information level 0 is used Note that even if the information level is zero information at level 1 will be output to the log file Arguments One An integer 0 1 2 3 4 or
69. s If the command ORIENTATION GROUPS is used one set for each orientation group should be specified otherwise only one set If ORIENTATION GROUPS is specified and only one parameters set is specified the same parameters will be used for all groups The sets of numbers for each group must be separated with a character Note the blank space before and after The probability distributions are specified by the keyword Gaussian Additional truncation limits can be specified by the subcommand Limits Arguments Each parameter set consists of one or two sub commands as described below First the sub command Limits with two parameters The first one is the minimum strike value and the second is the maximum strike value This sub command is optional Then follows the sub command Gaussian Gaussian distribution with in general spatially varying trend functions giving the expectation and standard deviation The expectation is specified by sub command Expectation followed by a trend function The standard deviation is specified by the sub command Stdev followed by a trend function See Section 1 4 17 for the available trend functions and their format The trend functions may be used to get different strike situations in different parts of the reservoir Example STRIKE ti HAVANA user manual INRE Limits 25 35 Gaussian Expectation Constant 30 Stdev Constant 3 Gaussian Expectation Constant 150 Stdev Constant 3 1 4 29 Co
70. the relationship Example FAULT_AVERAGE_REVERSEDRAG 0 40 0 1 1 4 27 Command ORIENTATION GROUPS Optional Description The strike dip and dip down east parameters of a fault are collectively described as the orientation of the fault in this manual One may specify several distinct I HAVANA user manual ME 22 groups of faults and then control the orientation of the faults in each group separately In each group the orientation may in fact vary across the reservoir To use more than one group of faults in this sense one must use the command ORIENTATION GROUPS It specifies the probability for mother faults to belong to the different groups Orientation parameters for each of the groups must be specified in the STRIKE and DIP commands Arguments Positive decimal numbers specifying the probability of each of the orientation groups HAVANA normalizes the specified values to probabilities The number of values will give the number of orientation groups Examples ORIENTATION GROUPS 0 3 0 7 N 1 4 28 Command STRIKE Necessary Description Specifies the probability distribution with related parameters for the strike The strike of a fault is the angle between its intersection line with a horizontal plane and north i e the y coordinate direction see Figure 1 5 The angle is measured in degrees between 0 and 180 clockwise Figure 1 5 Measurement of strike and dip This command accepts one or more parameter set
71. uctural model and debugging of Havana This action writes a lot of potentially useful information to the Debug subdirectory of the output directory The following information is given in the following directories fault info contains a point set file for each fault on RMS internal points format The point set have the following attributes Dip Local dip in degrees Strike Local strike in degrees Displacement Local displacement attributed to the current fault TotalDisplacement Local total displacement both from this fault and all truncating faults Corresponds to the observed displacement FwMoved How much a point on the foot wall side of the fault has been moved Used for inverse movement HwMoved How much a point on the hanging wall side of the fault has been moved Used for inverse movement displacement field generation contains a file for each input fault on RMS internal points format containing information used in the generation of the displacement field This information includes DataPoints Displacement data obtained from fault lines value of 0 indicates that there are no displacement data for the given point The data points are estimated based on the restored fault lines Trend The elliptic trend estimated from the data points Displacement The values in the final displacement field for the fault RelDisplacement Relative displacement displacement scaled to a value between 0 and 10 side of fault contains a grid f
72. undef undef undef undef hw fw undef point grid for pillar lines associated with faults requirement is therefore that the Havana project use the same fault names as used in the Eclipse grid Node obs number integer 7 x y z coordinates of the top point node in global coordinates deltaX deltaY the shift of the x and y coordinates for the top point after the fault is moved These two numbers should be ignored by Havana as input but is calculated by Havana and written to the output file and written to the output file 168631 687500 569417 437500 1754 843994 168660 531250 569417 750000 1754 982056 168661 265625 569446 937500 1755 145996 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 168659 203125 569398 875000 1836 334961 168687 843750 569400 125000 1836 313965 168688 312500 569430 000000 1835 536011 HAVANA user manual 10 11 12 x y z coordinates of the base point node in global coordinates 13 14 delta X deltaY the shift of the x and y coordinates for the base point after the fault is moved These two numbers should be ignored by Havana as input but is calculated by Havana line with fault name coordinates and a shift of coordinates used to calculate the shift of the nodes specified in this file 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56 A 11 RMS Internal Point Format We use the format from RMS2010 String Float 461674 461674 461657 461670 461703 461792 461851 462134 174 156 138 600 690 51
73. ywords for the action AddFaults The action takes a surface specified in the keyword HORIZON moves all points according to the fault operators in the model and writes the faulted surface to file 1 9 1 Command INPUT FAULTS See 1 3 1 1 9 2 Command FAULT LINE POLYGON See 1 3 3 1 9 3 Command SFM PARAMETERS See 1 3 4 1 9 4 Command VARIO TYPE See 1 3 5 1 9 5 Command FAULT DISPLACEMENT LENGTH See 1 3 6 1 9 6 Command FAULT LENGTH HEIGHT See 1 3 7 1 9 7 Command HORIZON See 1 10 4 But necessary in this action KD HAVANA user manual INRE 1 10 UpdatePoints Update point sets after modifying or simu lating faults ACTION UpdatePoints This action is used to modify the fault surface of a set of faults on the SFM format Here are the available commands 1 10 1 Command INPUT ORIGINAL HAVANA FAULTS Necessary Description Specifies the name of the directory where the original faults on the internal Havana format are read from Arguments One The directory Example INPUT ORIGINAL HAVANA FAULTS originalHavanaFaults V 1 10 2 Command INPUT MODIFIED HAVANA FAULTS Necessary Description Specifies the name of the directory where the modified faults on the internal Havana format are read from Arguments One The directory Example INPUT MODIFIED HAVANA FAULTS modifiedHavanaFaults V 1 10 3 Command INPUT STRUCTURAL MODEL See 1 3 2 Only to be used when input data are exported from newer RMS versions than 201

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