attachment=68196 - Seminar Topics Project Ideas On Computer
Contents
1. VCD a microcontroller based equipment designed and manufactured to enhance the safety of the locomotive operation by ensuring the alertness of the crew all the time consisting a system with resetting type that can be operated in a fail safe manner VCD will give cyclic warnings to the driver based on the drivers reaction to these warnings in terms of pre defined set of actions to be done by the driver the system will automatically reset the alerting cycle Major accidents in trains are due to fail of speed control in trains and due to un alertness of driver by placing track monitoring system we can also manage the speed by sending information to the micro controller in engine Depending upon the vibrations of track the speed of the train also reduces or increases Due to this we can prevent accidents in turnings of train tracks If driver is not alert the microcontroller will operate alarm in engine If driver is alert he will acknowledge the signal If driver further fails to acknowledge the alarm VCD will initiate the automatic application of brakes and it informs the position of the train where it is stopped in the form of latitude and longitude through GSM by using GPS module and sends the information to signal inspector as TRAINSTOPPED 4 CONCLUSION The percentage of people travelling in trains has been increased when compared to the buses or any other transportation means So the safety measures for the passengers should also be taken2. Fig 4 GSM Modem 278 International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering amp Technology IJECET ISSN 0976 6464 Print ISSN 0976 6472 Online Volume 4 Issue 4 July August 2013 IAEME The working of GSM modem is based on commands always start with AT which means Attention and finish with a lt CR gt character AT commands are used to control the MODEMs Only a subset of the AT command set needs to be implemented since one of the main objective for this application is to show how to send the message PC or controller specifies the AT commands to the GSM modem Some of the AT commands used are listed in Table 3 Table 3 AT Command Set Command Description AT Check communication between the module and the computer AT CMGF Set the SMS mode Either text or protocol data unit mode AT CMGW Store message in the SIM AT CMGS Send message to a given phone number ATD Dial or Call a number ATA Answer a Call ATH Disconnect remote user link with the GSM module 2 13 Global Positioning System GPS The Global Positioning System GPS is a satellite based navigation system that sends and receives radio signals which are acquired by a GPS receiver and provides the user with information Using GPS technology one can determine location velocity and time 24 hours a day in any weather conditions anywhere in the world for free GPS was formally known as the NAVSTAR Navigati
3. care This paper a vigilance control device improves vigilance and offers warning and brake application signals in a predefined manner By which we can ensure the safety of the passengers With this device we can analyze that whether the accident is due to loco pilot i e Engine driver or due to failure of locomotive By using this device we can inform the action of the driver to the higher 280 International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering amp Technology IJECET ISSN 0976 6464 Print ISSN 0976 6472 Online Volume 4 Issue 4 July August 2013 IAEME authorities if he fails to respond the cyclic warnings and the position of the train can also find to avoid the accidents The high priority is given to the lives of people Hence this paper provides a feasible solution to reduce accidents due to human failure Motor Speed Control Yes Train Tracking System No Anyone of the Motor rotates loco inputs Normally No Start Counter Start Buzz ring for Reset some duration and Counter increment counter Yes N o Through GSM Message to Signal Inspector Yes Input Brake No Penalty Brake Position Tracking Through GSM message to Signal Inspector Fig 6 Flow Chart of the System Count 10s Yes The flow chart shown in Fig 6 gives the clear explanation of the working of the modern vigilance control device By using this flow chart the source code is developed The source code is wri
4. description Section 3 explains the working of the proposed system We conclude the paper in Section 4 describing our accomplishments 2 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ITS DESCRIPTION The block diagram consists of different components interfacing to a microcontroller The block diagram is shown in Fig 1 Power Supply Inputs 1 VCDACK 2 Hom 3 NotchAV 4Notch BV 5 Brake Microcontroller AT89 52 i LCD Display DC Motor Speed Control GSM Modem To Signal Inspector Train Tracking System Crystal Oscillator Control Reset f Fig 1 Block Diagram 273 International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering amp Technology IJECET ISSN 0976 6464 Print ISSN 0976 6472 Online Volume 4 Issue 4 July August 2013 IAEME The various components in the block diagram are mentioned below AT89S52 Microcontroller Power Supply Crystal Oscillator Inputs Control Reset 16x2 Liquid Crystal Display LCD Buzzer Train Tracking system Relay 10 DC Motor 11 Speed Control 12 Brake 13 MAX 232 14 GSM Modem 15 GPS Module SO SO ON RN 2 1 Microcontroller Unit The AT89S52 with 8k bytes of in system programmable Flash memory is a low power high performance CMOS 8 bit microcontroller The device which is compatible with the industry standard 80C51 and 80C52 instruction set and pin out is manufactured using Atmel s high density nonvolatile memo
5. material to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency 274 International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering amp Technology IJECET ISSN 0976 6464 Print ISSN 0976 6472 Online Volume 4 Issue 4 July August 2013 IAEME This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time as in quartz wrist watches to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits and to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers The most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal Therefore oscillator circuits designed around them are named as crystal oscillators This block provides necessary frequency sine wave to the micro controller which is converted to square wave within the micro controller 2 4 Inputs from Loco The inputs such as VCD Acknowledgement VCD Ack Horn Notch AV Notch BV and Brake are given by the driver while driving to the microcontroller 2 5 Control Reset Control reset executes the entire VCD cycle from beginning 2 6 Liquid Crystal Display LCD LCD Liquid Crystal Display screen is an electronic display module which provides a wide range of applications A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines similarly a JHD 16x2A LCD displays each character in 5x7 pixel matrix The schematic diagram of 16x2 LCD is shown in Fig 2 This LCD has two registers namely Command and Data of which the commands
6. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING amp TECHNOLOGY IJECET ISSN 0976 6472 Online IJECET Volume 4 Issue 4 July August 2013 pp 272 282 IAEME www iaeme com ijecet asp Journal Impact Factor 2013 5 8896 Calculated by GISI www jifactor com A NEW METHOD TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS IN RAILWAYS USING MICROCONTROLLER BASED ON GSM AND GPS TECHNOLOGY I Rajani Kumari G Krishna Kishore 1A ssistant Professor Department of ECE VNITSW Palakaluru AP INDIA Assistant Professor Department of ECE ST Mary s College of Engineering Narakoduru AP INDIA ABSTRACT This paper is proposed to introduce a new emergency braking system in the engines also prevent accidents in narrow track turnings by Modern VCD Vigilance Control Device a microcontroller based safety device to prevent train accidents due to un alertness of engine drivers and due to speed unbalance in narrow curvatures on tracks which will add to passenger s safety by cyclically generating warnings and by automatically stopping the train if the driver is incapacitated to control train or dead or fall asleep This paper also informs the position of the loco crew to the higher authorities by tracking the position of the train where it is stopped by using Global System for Mobile communication GSM and Global Positioning System GPS technologies In narrow curvature the train speed will have to manage in fraction of seconds if driv
7. S CTS DTR DSR 3 V to 15 V 5V Logic 0 Control Signals RTS CTS DTR DSR 3 V to 15 V OV Logic 1 277 International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering amp Technology IJECET ISSN 0976 6464 Print ISSN 0976 6472 Online Volume 4 Issue 4 July August 2013 IAEME 2 12 Global System for Mobile communication GSM A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network which behaves like a dial up modem The main difference between them is that a dial up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves and operates at either the 900MHz or 1800MHz frequency band Voice calls and data transfer speeds of up to 9 6kbits s together with the transmission of SMS Short Message Service are supported The GSM Modem comes with a serial interface and controlled using AT command interface The interfacing of GSM modem with the microcontroller is shown in Fig 3 GSM modem WAXD R YMC l RXD T20UT TN f 7 10 TD m TXD RN 3 R OUT RID PWON 3 oiT R R Fig 3 Interfacing of GSM modem with microcontroller Here a GSM modem SIMCOM made SIM300 V 7 03 interfaced with the microcontroller operates in 900MHz frequency and is operated at voltage levels of 3 5 to 5V The modem is provided with network status indication LED lamp and buzzer to indicate incoming call The GSM modem is shown in Fig 4
8. are stored by command register and data is stored by data register A command is an instruction given to LCD to perform a predefined task like initializing it clearing its screen setting the cursor position controlling display etc The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD Some of the LCD command codes are listed in Table 1 Fig 2 16x2 LCD Features 1 Interface with either 4 bit or 8 bit microprocessor 2 Display data RAM 3 80x8 bits 80 characters 4 Character generator ROM and RAM 5 160 different 5x7 dot matrix character patterns 6 8 different users programmed 5x7 dot matrix patterns 7 Numerous instructions 8 Clear Display Cursor Home Display ON OFF Cursor 9 ON OFF Blink Character Cursor Shift Display Shift 10 Built in reset circuit is triggered at power ON 275 International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering amp Technology IJECET ISSN 0976 6464 Print ISSN 0976 6472 Online Volume 4 Issue 4 July August 2013 IAEME Table 1 LCD Command Codes Code He Command to LCD Instruction x Register ol Clear display of the screen 06 Automatic increment 38 2 line 5x7 Matrix OF Display is on and the cursor blinks 80 Force Cursor to begin from 1 line CO Force Cursor to begin from 2 line The LCD display is connected to the output port of micro controller to display the cyclic operations of v
9. er fails VCD provide speed control and also due to improper performance of regular tasks by the driver such as accelerating or braking for a stipulated period of time and signal inspector receives a message through GSM and also the automatic halt of the train and its position is tracked by GPS and a message will be sent to the signal inspector Index Terms Train tracking system Driver VCD GPS GSM Warnings 1 INTRODUCTION In Indian Railways major accidents occur because of unseemly act or inattention of Railway staff Higher incidence of human failures surface as technical safeguards and backups do not always replace the human effort Though an accident occurs only when both fail but it usually gets logged as human error with a tendency of glossing over technical failure A human being is likely to commit a mistake from time to time under optimum field conditions and with the best of intentions Hence operating rules included many redundancies in safety procedures and operating practices involve number of checks and balances More and more automation is resorted to prevent human errors This paper provides a method to cyclically alert the driver for the safety of passengers Vigilance Control 272 International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering amp Technology IJECET ISSN 0976 6464 Print ISSN 0976 6472 Online Volume 4 Issue 4 July August 2013 IAEME Device VCD is a microcontroller based safet
10. ero torque Of course there is some amount of friction so there will be some amount of torque required to spin the motor thus some amount of current needed This current causes a voltage drop across the small series resistance in motor model This voltage drop takes away from supply voltage and causes the motor to spin a bit slower than the supply voltage would indicate Specifications of DC Motor are 1 Output RPM 500 rpm 2 Input Voltage 12 V 3 Current 500 600 Ma 4 Shaft length RF 2 11 MAX232 The microcontroller can communicate with the serial devices using its single serial port The logic levels at which this serial port operates is TTL logics But some of the serial devices operate at RS 232 logic levels So in order to communicate the microcontroller with modem a mismatch between the logic levels occurs In order to avoid this mismatch in other words to match the Logic levels a serial driver is used A MAX232 is a serial line driver used to establish communication between modem and microcontroller The interfacing of GSM modem with microcontroller using MAX 232 as a serial line driver is shown in Fig 3 The voltage levels of Max 232 are given in Table 2 Table 2 Voltage levels of Max 232 RS232 Line Type amp RS232 Voltage TTL Voltage Logic Level to from MAX232 Data Transmission Rx Tx Logic 0 3 V to 15 V OV Data Transmission Rx Tx Logic 1 3 V to 15 V 5V Control Signals RT
11. ication to driver 2 9 Relay A relay is an electrically controllable switch widely used in industrial controls automobiles and appliances A relay is able to control an output circuit of higher power than the input circuit Relays are devices which allow low power circuits to switch a relatively high Current Voltage ON OFF For a relay to operate a suitable pull in amp holding current should be passed through its coil Generally relay coils are designed to operate from a particular voltage often its 5V or 12V The relay used is 5 pin relay to drive motor as an indication for movement of train 2 10 DC Motor DC direct current motors convert electrical pulses to mechanical movement Maximum speed of DC motor is indicated in RPM The RPM is reduced when moving a load and it decreases as the load increases 276 International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering amp Technology IJECET ISSN 0976 6464 Print ISSN 0976 6472 Online Volume 4 Issue 4 July August 2013 IAEME The permanent magnet DC motor can be modeled as a device that produces torque proportional to the current flowing through it It also produced a voltage proportional to the rotational velocity The RPM of a motor is proportional to the voltage across its terminals The motor will spin up in speed until the generator portion of the motor model matches the supply voltage At that point no more current will flow into the motor and it will produce z
12. igilance control device 2 7 Flashing LED Light emitting diodes are elements for light signalization in electronics They are manufactured in different shapes colors and sizes For their low price low consumption and simple use they have almost completely pushed aside other light sources bulbs at first place They perform similar to common diodes with the difference that they emit light when current flows through them Light emitting diodes LEDs are semiconductor light sources Based on semiconductor diode LEDs emit photons when electrons recombine with holes on forward biasing The forward voltage of LED 1 7V 2 2V is lower than the voltage supplied SV to drive it in a circuit Using an LED as such would burn it because a high current would destroy its p n gate Therefore a current limiting resistor is used in series with LED The LED is interfaced to the output port of micro controller as the first indication to alert the driver 2 8 Buzzer Buzzer is an audio signaling device which may be mechanical electro mechanical or electronic that sounds a warning of continuous or intermittent sound It is compact and produces high sound pressure levels with minimal power consumption The range of operating voltages is from 1 to 30V whilst sound output may be as high as 75 dB at 1m Normally buzzers operate a buzzing noise in the frequency range 300 to 500 Hz This is used to alert the driver The buzzer is connected to output port as a second ind
13. ngineering amp Technology IJARET Volume 3 Issue 2 2012 pp 52 59 ISSN Print 0976 6480 ISSN Online 0976 6499 Deepeshnamdev Monika Mehra Prerna Sahariya Rajeshwaree Parashar and Shikha Singhal Navigation System by using GIS and GPS International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering amp Technology JECET Volume 4 Issue 3 2013 pp 232 243 ISSN Print 0976 6464 ISSN Online 0976 6472 AUTHOR PROFILE Mrs I Rajani Kumari Assistant Professor in Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vignan s Nirula Institute of Technology amp Science for Women Palakaluru A P India She has received her B Tech degree from Sri Sarathi Institute of Engineering and Technology Nuzivid A P India She obtained M Tech degree from Bapatla Engineering College Bapatla A P India Her main interesting areas are Signal Processing Embedded Systems VLSI Mr G Krishna Kishore Assistant Professor in Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering St Mary s Engineering College Narakoduru A P India He has received her B Tech degree from VRS amp YRN College of Engineering Chirala A P India He obtained M Tech degree from Narasaraopet Engineering College Narasaraopet A P India His main interesting areas are Embedded Systems VLSI 282
14. on Satellite Timing and Ranging A set of 24 satellites that are continuously orbiting the earth serves the basis of the GPS technology which are equipped with atomic clocks to send out radio signals for exact time and location The GPS receiver attain these radio signals from the satellites Once the GPS receiver locks on to four or more of these satellites it can triangulate its location from the known positions of the satellites This model provides high performance low power cost effective and portable system which accurately detects the location The GPS receiver used in this model is Sky Traq Venus 6 GPS module ST22 which encompass TTL logics and also RS232 as option The GPS receiver is shown in Fig 5 This GPS is used to track the position of the train after the emergency brake is applied in order to avoid the accidents and this application is used only after the train is stopped 279 International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering amp Technology IJECET ISSN 0976 6464 Print ISSN 0976 6472 Online Volume 4 Issue 4 July August 2013 IAEME GPS Receiver Specifications 65 channels 1Hz Update rate Hot Start lsec Baud rate 9600bits s Operating Voltage 5 Volts dc O P Format NMEA 0183 RS232 O P Format NMEA 0183 RS232 Operating Temperature 40 to 85 C Sensitivity Tracking 160 dBm Reacquisition 158 dBm Cold Start Autonomous 148 dBm OV ee O Fig 5 GPS Receiver 3 WORKING
15. ry technology With the help of on chip Flash the program memory can be reprogrammed in system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer The Atmel AT89S52 united a versatile 8 bit CPU with in system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications Features of the microcontroller 1 It is a 8 bit microcontroller 8K Bytes of In System Programmable ISP Flash Memory Fully Static Operation 0 Hz to 33 MHz 256 x 8 bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I O Lines Three 16 bit Timer Counters Eight Interrupt Sources Full Duplex UART Serial Channel ONDARRUN 2 2 Power Supply The regulated power supply is provided as an input to the circuit with a voltage of 5V to the microcontroller An A C input i e 230 V from the mains supply is fed to a rectifier after stepping the A C input down to 12V by the transformer A pulsating D C voltage is obtained from the rectifier as an output which is fed to a filter to obtain a pure D C voltage by removing existing A C components left after rectification Now this voltage is fed to a voltage regulator to obtain a pure constant dc voltage in which an IC 7805 is used as a voltage regulator to get a 5V output Voltage 2 3 Crystal Oscillator A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric
16. tten in embedded C language 281 International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering amp Technology IJECET ISSN 0976 6464 Print ISSN 0976 6472 Online Volume 4 Issue 4 July August 2013 IAEME REFERENCES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ITSR Driver Safety Systems Discussion Paper 2006 Australia New South Wales Independent Transport Safety Regulator Sydney p 32 Whitlock Driver vigilance devices systems review and RSSB response 2002 Rail Safety and Standards Board Quintec p 105 Santosh B Patil Rupal M Walli Design and Development of Fully Automatic AT89C52 Based Low Cost Embedded System For Rail Tracking International Journals of Electronics Communication and Soft Computing Science and Engineering IJECSCSE Vol 1 Issue 1 Pg 9 14 M A Mazidi The 8051 Microcontroller amp Embedded Systems Pearson Education Asia India 2 edition 2008 Raj Kamal Embedded System Architecture Programming and Design Tata McGraw Hill Publisher 2 edition 2008 GSM User Manual SIMCOM LTD August 2006 http www atmel com http www simcom com Sky Traq Venus 6 GPS Module ST22 Data Sheet Seema vora Prof Mukesh Tiwari and Prof Jaikaran Singh GSM Based Remote Monitoring of Waste Gas at Locally Monitored GUI with the Implementation of Modbus Protocol and Location Identification Through GPS International Journal of Advanced Research in E
17. y device introduced to reduce the accidents that are caused by the pilot of the train VCD will automatically apply penalty brakes in case the driver is incapacitated or dead which resembles similar operation in older locomotives in the form of Dead man s Lever The dead man s lever is a knob that has to be pressed at all times to keep the train running This system was introduced to prevent accidents even if the driver died at his controls hence the name Unless a certain amount of pressure is maintained on the lever brakes get automatically activated and the train slows down and comes to a stop Dead Man System is another form of driver safety system which detects a continuous input from the driver e g by application of force to a pedal or handle 1 In this system higher authorities will be incapable of taking any responsible decision since the action of driver or position of the train is mysterious So in order to overcome this disadvantage and to make the driver in alertness and to ensure safety to passengers the new system is proposed called modern vigilance control device In this paper AT89S52 microcontroller the heart of the system and JHD 16x2A LCD for displaying the actions and GSM modem of SIM 300 for messaging the information to the higher authorities and GPS system for tracking the position of the train after the penalty brake is applied In Section 2 we explain the proposed setup of the system i e the block diagram and its
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search