DR01 DR02 manual v1222
Contents
1. Introduction DRO1 and DRO2 are research grade direct normal incidence DNI solar irradiance sensors also known as pyrheliometers They comply with First Class classification as per the latest ISO 9060 and WMO standards A unique product feature is the heated window DRO1 and DRO2 are typically mounted on a solar tracker DRO2 is the fast response equivalent of DRO1 The only difference is in detector technology this results in a much faster response time 95 for DRO2 is instead of traditional 18s In this manual DRO1 will be mentioned DRO2 wil be mentioned only in case this is necessary DRO1 foreoptic assembly features a precision ground and polished quartz window for true spectral solar transmission ranging from 0 2 4 0 um As per the latest ISO 9060 and WMO standards the full opening view angle of the DRO1 is collimated precisely to 5 degrees for direct normal incidence solar irradiance measurement Capable of measuring up to 2000 Wm the DRO1 pyrheliometer can be deployed anywhere on earth The instrument employs a passive thermopile based sensing technology that generates a low level DC millivolt output signal proportional to the normal incident direct solar flux received at the detector surface The DRO1 also features a thermally isolated low power window heater in the foreoptic when cycled on off prior to sunrise the heater effectively eliminates the formation of dew on the pyrheliometer window This results in i2. as short as possible For cable extension see the appendix on this subject Table 4 2 1 The electrical connection of DRO1 Heater polarity is not important PCB connection Description Wire colour 8 Thermopile White 7 Thermopile Green 1 Temperature sensor if present Red 2 Temperature sensor if present Brown 3 Temperature sensor if present Yellow 4 Temperature sensor if present Blue 5 Heater 12VDC Pink 6 Heater 12VDC Grey Ground Ground Black DRO1 DRO2 manual v1222 11 20 Smart Sensing SENSOVAN TS Thermopile PAA Heater Temperature Sensor Figure 4 2 1 Electrical diagram of DRO1 thermopile detector The heater is a simple resistor on a separate cable Temperature sensor is only present if ordered DRO1 DRO2 manual v1222 12 20 Smart Sensing SENSOVANTE 5 Dimensions 380 50 D 38 Figure 5 1 Dimensions of DRO1 in mm Tube diameter is 38 mm approximately 1 5 inch DR01 DR02 manual v1222 13 20 Smart Sensing SENSOVAN TI 6 Maintenance and troubleshooting 6 1 Maintenance Once installed DRO1 is essentially maintenance free Periodically dessicant may be replaced Usually errors in functionality will appear as unreasonably large or unreasonably small measured values As a general rule this means that a critical review of the measured data is the best form of maintenance Recommendations for maintenance are 1 Critica
3. 6 2005 Avda Benjamin Franklin 28 S E wN S Ow A IN TO comercial sensovant com Parque Tecnol gico Valencia www sensovant com 46980 PATERNA
4. Smart Sensing SENSOWVAN TED DRO1 First Class pyrheliometer DRO2 Fast response First Class pyrheliometer USER MANUAL DRO1 DRO2 manual v1222 Smart Sensing SENSO Warning Warnings and safety issues DRO1 and DRO2 are passive sensors and do not need any power Window heating however does require 12 VDC for heating at 0 5 Watt Putting more than 12 Volt across DRO1 or DRO2 sensor wiring can lead to permanent damage to the sensor DRO2 should not be used in combination with datalogging with open circuit detection DR01 DR02 manual v1222 2 20 Smart Sensing SENSOVW ANTE Contents Warning Contents List of symbols Introduction Checking at delivery Presence of parts Functionality of the instrument Instrument principle Specifications of DRO1 DRO2 Installation Installation Electrical connection Dimensions Maintenance and troubleshooting Maintenance Testing and troubleshooting Requirements for data acquisition amplification Appendices Appendix on cable extension replacement Appendix on calibration Appendix on sensor coating Declaration of conformity CE Ne Ne Ne MMAMDAMDNAAANALHRAPWNHPHE gt AUNE DRO1 DRO2 manual v1222 O 0SNNINNUIAWN HH HH 3 20 Smart Sensing SENSOVAN Ti List of symbols Voltage output U uV Sensitivity of the DRO1 DR02 E uV Wm Solar irradiance A Wm DRO1 DRO2 manual v1222 4 20 Smart Sensing SENSOV ANT SD
5. adiation This radiation is converted to heat which flows through the sensor to the DRO1 housing The thermopile sensor generates a voltage output signal that is proportional to the solar radiation DRO1 DRO2 manual v1222 8 20 Smart Sensing SENSO ANT E 3 Specifications of DRO1 DRO2 DRO1 serves to measure the solar radiation flux that is incident on a plane surface in Wm from a 5 degrees field of view also called direct normal incidence radiation Working completely passive using a thermopile sensor DRO1 generates a small output voltage proportional to this flux The front window contains a heater that can be put on at nighttime to prevent dew deposition It can only be used in combination with a suitable measurement system and tracker DRO2 is a fast response version of DRO1 Table 3 1 Specifications of DRO1 and DRO2 DRO1 and DRO2 ISO Specifications 3 Overall classification according to ISO First class pyrheliometer 9060 1994 4 Response time time for 95 response DRO1 18s DR02 1s 5 Zero offset response to 5 K h change in lt 1 Wm ambient temperature 6 Non stability percentage change in lt 1 responsivity per year 7 Non Linearity percentage deviation from lt 0 5 responsivity at 500 Wm due to the change in irradiance within 100 1000 Wm 8 Spectral selectivity percentage deviation lt 1 of the product of spectral absorptance and spectra
6. alibration The main Sensovant recommendation for re calibration is if possible to perform calibration relative to a higher reference under clear sky conditions 8 3 Appendixo n sensor coating Figure 8 3 1 Top of the SEnsovant sensor coating on a glass substrate under a confocal laser microscope The carbon based coating is highly porous and every element acts as a light trap The end result is a coating of very high absorpt ion The ends of carbon particles are in focus the outlines of the underlying layers can be seen out of focus DRO1 DRO2 manual v1222 18 20 Smart Sensing SENSOVAN TE 8 4 Declaration of conformity CE CE We Hukseflux Thermal Sensors of Elektronicaweg 25 2628 XG Delft The Netherlands in accordance with the following Directive 2004 108 EC The Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive hereby declare that Equipment pyranometer radiometer heat flux sensor Type DRO1 and DR02 are in conformity with the applicable requirements of the following docum ents Emission EN 61326 1 2006 Immunity EN 61326 1 2006 Emission EN 61000 3 2 2006 Emission EN 61000 3 3 1995 A1 2001 A2 2005 I hereby declare that the equipment named above has been designed to comply with the relevant sections of the above referenced specifications and is in accordance with the requirements of the Directive Delft September 2011 DR01 DRO2 manual v1222 19 20 Smart Sensing T 34 96 81
7. l review of data 2 Cleaning of foreoptic by water or alcohol 3 Inspection of interior of foreoptic no condensation 4 Dessicant inspection change in case the humidity indicator has turned pink Regeneration is possible by heating more than 3 hours at 120 C Spanner size required for removal of dessicant is 20 Pointing inspection daily inspection against sight of the instrument Inspection of cables for open connections Recalibration suggested every 2 years typically by intercomparison with a higher standard in the field oe 6 2 Testing and troubleshooting This paragraph contains information that can be used for testing of the instrument and to make a diagnosis whenever the sensor does not function 1 Check the impedance of the sensor between the green and white wire Use a multimeter at the 1000 ohms range 500 ohms for DR02 Measure the impedance at the sensor wires first with one polarity than reverse polarity Take the average value The typical impedance of the wiring is 0 1 ohm m Typical impedance should be the typical sensor impedance of DR01 400 500 ohms or DRO2 150 250 ohms plus 1 ohm for the total resistance of two wires back and forth of each 5 meters Infinite indicates a broken circuit zero indicates a short circuit 2 Check if the sensor reacts to light put the multimeter at its most sensitive range of DC voltage measurement typically 100 microvolt range or lower and expose the sensor to a str
8. l transmittance from the corresponding mean within 0 35 um and 1 5 um 9 Temperature response percentage lt 1 deviation due to change in ambient temperature within an interval of 50 K 10 Tilt response percentage deviation from lt 0 5 the responsivity at 0 tilt horizontal due to change in tilt from 0 90 at 1000 Wm irradiance DRO1 and DRO2 additional measurement specifications 12 Sensitivity 7 15 yVW Wm 7 13 Expected voltage output Application with natural solar radiation 0 1 to 30 mV 14 Operating temperature 40 to 80 C 15 Sensor resistance DRO1 between 400 and 500 Ohms DRO2 between 150 and 250 Ohms 16 Power required Zero passive sensor see also heating 17 Range To 2000 Wm DRO1 DRO2 manual v1222 9 20 Smart Sensing 18 Expected accuracy for daily sums 2 19 Spectral range the spectral responsivity of field pyrheliometers is limited to the range approximately 0 3 um to 3 um depending on the spectral transmittance of the window which protects the receiver surface 200 to 4000 nm 20 Drying cartridge humidity indicator Bag of silica gel 0 5 g 35 x 20 mm Humidity indicator B2 21 Required readout 1 differential voltage channel or 1 single ended voltage channel 22 Programming MH U E 23 Heating Front window 0 5 Watt 12 VDC typically activated during nighttime only to prevent dew deposition 24 Standard cable length diameter 5
9. ltimeter See Chapter 6 2 on testing and troubleshooting on this subject The programming of dataloggers is the responsibility of the user Please contact the supplier to see if directions for use with your system are available In case programming for similar instruments is available this can typically also be used DRO1 DRO2 manual v1222 7 20 Smart Sensing 2 Instrument principle Figure 2 1 DRO1 pyrheliometer 1 protection cap 2 window with heater 3 sight 4 humidity indicator 5 cable gland 6 diaphragm tube DRO1 s scientific name is pyrheliometer A pyrheliometer measures the solar radiation flux with a field of view of 5 degrees The solar radiation spectrum extends roughly from 300 to 2800 nm It follows that a pyrheliometer should cover that spectrum with a spectral sensitivity that is as flat as possible For a correct measurement the DR01 should be pointed at the sun In order to attain the proper spectral characteristics a pyrheliometer s main components are 1 a thermopile sensor with a black coating This sensor absorbs all solar radiation has a flat spectrum from visible light to infra red and has a near perfect cosine response 2 a quartz window This window limits the spectral response from 200 to 4000 nm cutting off the part above 4000 nm Another function of the window is that it shields the thermopile sensor from convection The black coating on the thermopile sensor absorbs the solar r
10. m 5mm 25 Cable gland Accepts cable diameter from 3 to 6 5 mm 26 Cable replacement Cable can be replaced by the user 27 Weight including 5 m cable size 1 4 kg box of 43 x 11 x 11 cm 28 Tracking Not included preferably within 1 degree Calibration 29 Calibration traceability To WRR procedure according to ISO 9059 30 Recommended recalibration interval Every 2 years sensitivity Options 31 Cable extension Longer cables can be supplied on request Specify multiple of 5m 32 Amplifiers AC100 and AC420 33 Temperature sensor Pt100 or 10K thermistor can be added DR01 T1 includes a Pt100 DR01 T2 includes a 10K thermistor DRO1 and DRO2 also comply with WMO specifications DRO1 DRO2 manual v1222 10 20 Smart Sensing SENSOWAN TED 4 Installation 4 1 Installation DRO1 is to be installed on a tracker with an accuracy of 1 degree form true solar position The mounting should be done by clamping around the DRO1 tube 1 5 inch or 38 mm 4 2 Electrical connection In order to operate DRO1 should be connected to a measurement system or datalogger DRO1 is a passive sensor that does not need any power DRO2 should not be used in combination with datalogging with open circuit detection Cables generally act as a source of distortion by picking up capacitive noise Itis a general recommendation to keep the distance between data logger or amplifier and sensor
11. mproved post sunrise measurement accuracy as well as lower maintenance as it requires less cleaning Determining direct solar irradiance with the DRO1 requires connection to a data acquisition and a two axis solar tracker platform Typical pyrheliometer measurement applications include solar renewable resource assessment concentrated PV electricity output validation solar collector and PV panel efficiency validation material testing research Each DRO1 is calibrated upon manufacture and delivered standard with a WRR World Radiometric Reference traceable certificate of calibration Options include extended cable lengths AC100 AC420 amplifiers temperature sensors Pt100 or 10 kOhm thermistor Various tracking solutions can be offered by Hukseflux DRO1 DRO2 manual v1222 5 20 Smart Sensing SENSOVANT Figure 0 1 DRO1 pyrheliometer 1 protection cap 2 window with heater 3 s ight 4 humidity indicator 5 cable gland 6 aperture tube DRO1 DRO2 manual v1222 6 20 Smart Sensing SENSOVANT 1 Checking at delivery 1 1 Presence of parts Arriving at the customer the delivery should include pyrheliometer DRO1 cable of the length as ordered calibration certificate matching the instrument serial number any other options as ordered It is recommended to store the certificate in a safe place 1 2 Functionality of the instrument Testing the instrument can be performed by using a simple handheld mu
12. on amplification equipment 2 Capability for the datalogger or To store data and to perform division by the sensitivity the software to calculate the solar irradiance 3 Heating power Heating is not a necessity When used 0 5 W at 12 VDC 4 Warning DRO2 should not be used in combination with datalogging with open circuit detection DRO1 DRO2 manual v1222 16 20 Smart Sensing SENSOVANT 8 Appendices 8 1 Appendix on cable extension replacement DRO1 is equipped with one cable for the detector and heater It is a general recommendation to keep the distance between datalogger or amplifier and sensor as short as possible Cables generally act as a source of distortion by picking up capacitive noise DRO1 signal cable can however be extended without any problem to 100 meters If done properly the sensor signal although small will not significantly degrade because the sensor impedance is very low Cable and connection specifications are summarised below NOTE the body of DRO1 contains connector blocks that can be used for internal connection of a new cable Usually it is easier to connect a new longer cable than to extend an existing cable Table 8 1 1 Spe cifications for cable extension 1 Cable 8 wire shielded copper core 2 Core resistance 0 1 X m or lower 3 Outer diameter preferred 5 mm 4 Outer sheet preferred polyurethane for good stability in outdoor applications 5 Connection Ei
13. ong light source for instance a 100 Watt light bulb at 10 centimeter distance The signal should read several millivolts now 3 Darken the sensor either by putting something over it or switching off the light The instrument voltage output should go down and within one minute approach zero mV 4 Check if the right calibration factor is entered into the algorithm Please note that each sensor has its own individual calibration factor 5 Check if the voltage reading is divided by the calibration factor by review of the algorithm 6 Check the condition of the leads at the logger 7 Check the cabling condition looking for cable breaks DRO1 DRO2 manual v1222 14 20 Smart Sensing 8 Check the range of the data logger heat flux can be negative this could be out of range or the amplitude could be out of range 9 Check the data acquisition by applying a mV source to it in the 1 mV range 10 Check the presence of strong sources of electromagnetic radiation radar radio etc 11 Check the condition of the shielding 12 Check the condition of the sensor cable DRO1 DRO2 manual v1222 15 20 Smart Sensing SENSOVAN Ti 7 Requirements for data acquisition amplification Table 7 1 Requirements for data acquisition and amplification equipment 1 Capability to measure microvolt Preferably 5 microvolt accuracy signals Minimum requirement 20 microvolt accuracy both across the entire expected temperature range of the acquisiti
14. ther solder the new cable core and shield to the original sensor cable and make a waterproof connection using cable shrink or use gold plated waterproof connectors 8 2 Appendix on calibration The World Radiometric Reference WRR is the measurement standard representing the SI unit of irradiance It was introduced in order to ensure world wide homogeneity of solar radiation measurements and is in use since 1980 The WRR was determined from the weighted mean of the measurements of a group of 15 absolute cavity radiometers which were fully characterized It has an estimated accuracy of 0 3 The WMO introduced its mandatory use in its status in 1979 The world wide homogeneity of the meteorological radiation measurements is guaranteed by the World Radiation Centre in Davos Switzerland by maintaining the World Standard Group WSG which materializes the World Radiometric Reference http www pmodwrc ch The Sensovant standard is traceable to an outdoor WRR calibration Some small corrections are made to transfer this calibration to the Sensovant standard conditions DRO1 DRO2 manual v1222 17 20 Smart Sensing SENSOVANTI sun at zenith and 500 W m2 irradiance level during the outdoor calibration the sun is typically at 20 40 degrees zenith angle and the total irradiance at a 700 W m2 level Recalibration of field pyrheliometers is typically done by comparison in the field to a reference pyrheliometer Sensovant uses an indoor c
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