HDB-DOS User Manual
Contents
1. following may be done RENAME DRIVE X CHRS 175 DISK NAME HERE CHRS 175 lt ENTER gt That command would place a BLUE graphics square before and after the Diskname string To set the DISKNAME apart from the Directory contents it is suggested but not necessary to use stars or any other characters before and after the DISKNAME such as RENAME DRIVE 51 BINARY GAMES DISK 2 xxx lt ENTER gt Finally the DISKNAME may be removed by simply RENAME ing a Drive with a Null string RENAME DRIVE 51 ENTER gt removes the DISKNAME from Drive 51 The Directory then displays only the Filename s the Drive Number and the Free Granules remaining on the drive WITHOUT the DISKNAME Technical Info The DISKNAME string is stored on Track 17 Sector 17 of each drive on the hard disk or floppy disk You may also read write this string with BASIC s DSKI and DSKO commands If the DISKNAME string is written using the DSKO command be sure to terminate it with a CHR 0 When the RENAME DRIVE command is used the 35 disk will also be verified during erasure insuring you that there are no data errors on the disk Finally the DSKINI command has been fixed so that it no longer erases the BASIC program in memory Therefore the DSKINI command may be PART OF a BASIC program It is now possible to format disks floppy OR hard totally under BASIC program control Since the DSKINI command requires some fre2. DRIVE STOP DRIVE STOP 0 thru n DRIVE 0 thru n DRIVE RESTORE DRIVE RESTORE 0 thru n DRIVE n lt ENTER gt Changes the drive DEFAULT to the drive number you specify If you do not use the DRIVE command the system will default to and use drive number ZERO DRIVE ON lt ENER gt Allows you to access Drive numbers ZERO through THREE from the HARD DRIVE This is the default setting That is the system will automatically access the HARD DRIVE upon power up or cold reset Typing DRIVE ON will CLOSE all open files DRIVE OFF lt ENTER gt or DRIVE OFF 0 thru 3 lt ENTER gt 30 This command would make a copy of the program GAME BIN on each virtual floppy from Drive Zero to Drive Ten COMMAND DIR SYNTAX and USAGE DIR Displays a directory of the drive number you specify If you omit the drive number the system will use Drive Zero unless you use the DRIVE command to change this default The Directory will be displayed with the DISKNAME see the RENAME DRIVE command the FILENAME S SAVED the DRIVE NUMBER and the FREE GRANULES on that drive Below is a typical listing DIR 51 lt ENTER gt BINARY GAMES 2 COPTER BAS 3 CLOWNS BIN DEVIL BIN 4 DISKUTIL BIN ELECTRON BIN GALACTIC BIN GALAXY3 BIN INVASION BIN PROTECT BIN 0 PROTECT2 BIN ROBOTRON BIN SHOOTING BIN SPACEINV BIN TEMPEST BIN WHYBIRD BIN DRIVE 51 FREE LAV 00 UT SR OG b i WE SA The
3. Special Features Auto Execution Feature HDB DOS has a unique feature which allows ANY program to be automatically loaded and running WITHOUT the need to even touch the keyboard This feature is very handy for loading in utilities or menu programs performing custom Pokes setting up special screen modes or any other operations that you wish to have done EVERY TIME the system is started The AUTOEXEC feature can also make any Bulletin Board System BBS completely self restarting thereby minimizing downtime Whenever the Color Computer is first turned ON or a full Cold Reset is performed the system will do the following things 1 The system will be checked for the presence of a hard drive and the software will adjust itself to the characteristics of the type of hard drive installed if any 2 The hard drive will be tested to see if it is READY 3 The system will BEEP if the hard drive is READY The system will NOT BEEP and give a HARD DRIVE NOT FOUND message if the hard drive is NOT READY The system will then attempt to find AUTOEXEC BAS from Floppy Disk Drive ZERO 18 D932 SETUP Setup a CDB in RAM starting at VCMD Passed A Controller Command Op code B LUN Sector Address MS Byte X Sector Address LS Word Y Block Count Options Returned 6 Byte Command setup at VCMD 00F3 LUN set as per state of DRVSEL 014F Registers Modified NONE D934 BEEP Used to generate a BEEP tone Pa
4. Y cable If using the Multi Pak Interface set the selector switch to the slot that contains the HDB DOS EPROM If your HDB DOS EPROM is installed in your Floppy Disk controller set your slot selector switch to the Floppy Disk Controller s slot If the EPROM was preinstalled in your hard disk interface set your slot selector switch to the interface s slot 4 Plug any other accessories you may have into the Multi Pak Interface or Y cable including the Floppy Disk Controller 14 10 HDB DOS Utilities HDB DOS comes with a set of BASIC and machine language utilities that you will find useful Please note that some programs are for specific models of the Color Computer WIZARD BAS This BASIC program allows you to configure a custom copy of HDB DOS to either load into memory via the LOADM command or burn onto an EPROM to put in your disk controller You will be prompted with several configuration questions and once completed you will have two files EPROM DOS and HDB DOS BIN The former is intended to be burnt into an EPROM and the latter is to be loaded into memory and executed Runs on all Color Computers LINK BAS This program links the OS 9 partition to an OS 9 Hard Disk on the HDB DOS side of the hard drive This allows booting completely from the hard drive without needing a boot floppy Note that this program will not run correctly if you LOADM HDB DOS from a diskette It only functions properly whe
5. Directory is displayed in a 2 column format on the Color Computer 1 2 and 3 in the 32 column mode and 40 column mode of the Color Computer 3 The 80 column mode of the Color Computer 3 will display the Directory with 5 columns 27 DIR 51 lt ENTER gt BINARY GAMES 2 COPTER BAS 3 CLOWNS BIN 4 DEVIL BIN 4 DISKUTIL BIN 4 ELECTRON BIN 6 GALACTIC BIN 4 GALAXY3 BIN 4 INVASION BIN 5 PROTECT BIN 10 PROTECT2 BIN 7 ROBOTRON BIN 3 SHOOTING BIN 4 SPACEINV BIN 2 TEMPEST BIN 3 WHYBIRD BIN 4 DRIVE 51 FREE 1 The digit s following each filename represent the number of GRANULES each file consumes The File type and Storage Format characters that were normally present have been eliminated from the display The File type and Format information bytes are STILL PRESENT in the Directory they simply are not DISPLAYED That information may still be accessed through BASIC or MACHINE LANGUAGE as usual COMMAND DOS SYNTAX and USAGE DOS n nis optional The DOS command is normally used to start up an OS 9 floppy boot disk and run the OS 9 Operating System This command still performs the same function as before but with several improvements The new DOS command now allows the use of an optional drive number argument For example if you wished to start up an OS 9 disk which was backed up to virtual floppy number 35 the command DOS 35 lt ENTER gt would be used Note that the command DOS used alone ALWAYS accesses drive zero regardless of the def
6. N If you wish to replace the Old file with the New If you wish to OVERWRITE the file simply type Y for YES and the old file will be overwritten Striking any other key will END the COPY function and NOT overwrite or copy anything This prompt is ONLY given when COPY is used in the DIRECT keyboard mode If the COPY command is used WITHIN a BASIC program the already existing file will be automatically replaced overwritten WITHOUT any warning Also any attempt to COPY a program to ITSELF on the SAME DRIVE is pointless and will result in an AE ERROR File Already Exists error This is an example of the usage of the improved COPY command COPY GAME BIN 51 TO 92 lt ENTER gt That command will COPY the program called GAME BIN on Drive 51 to the filename GAME BIN on Virtual Floppy 92 The following example will do the same exactly the same thing COPY GAME BIN 51 TO GAME BIN 92 lt ENTER gt The Filename s and Destination Virtual Floppy numbers may also be BASIC variables if desired The following command example explains this AS GAME B1N FOR X 0 TO 10 COPY AS TO X NEXT X lt ENTER gt 26 Allows you to access Drive numbers ZERO through THREE from the FLOPPY DISK DRIVE S If a NUMBER is included with this command then ONLY Floppy Drive s ZERO to NUMBER will be enabled Example You wish to use ONLY floppy disk drive ZERO and all the rest 1 thru MAX hard drive The command DRIVE OFF 0 l
7. drive to work with HDB DOS it is important to understand the limitations that Disk BASIC and HDB DOS impose At the time of this writing in 2002 hard drives in excess of 40 gigabytes can be routinely purchased for under 100 with 20 and 10 gigabyte drives going even cheaper This amount of storage was barely conceivable when HDB DOS started out in 1986 Consequently HDB DOS will utilize only a small portion of today s hard drives most of the space will go unused Sector Sizes Virtually all IDE and SCSI drives utilize 512 byte sectors while the Color Computer s Disk BASIC was designed with 256 byte sectors in mind Short of a complete rewrite of Disk BASIC it is difficult to support full 512 byte sector hard drives AND maintain compatibility with Disk BASIC programs This does not mean that HDB DOS will not work with 512 byte sector hard drives It does mean however that HDB DOS will only utilize the first 256 bytes of each sector leaving the remaining 256 bytes unused Virtual Floppy Disks In order to maintain compatibility with Disk BASIC HDB DOS breaks up a hard drive into a number of virtual floppy disks Each one of these virtual floppy disks resembles a 35 track single sided floppy drive in size for a total of 630 sectors Up to 256 virtual floppies 0 255 can be accessed depending upon the size of the drive HDB DOS 7 will query the drive for its size and will adjust the maximum number of virtual f
8. e Disto 4 N 1 Hard Disk Adapter out of production If you are using HDB DOS on a SCSI controller please note the following 1 Upon startup HDB DOS will attempt to detect the presence of the supported SCSI controller by doing a write read check on the controllers data port Since the controller is immediately available on power up the detection happens quickly However it may take time for a hard drive to spin up so HDB DOS waits indefinitely until the default hard drive has powered up Once it is ready a beep will be emitted and the hard drive will be activated 2 Some controllers may not support the full 0 7 SCSI ID range nor do all controllers support parity which is necessary for some drives This is not a flaw in HDB DOS It is an inherent flaw in the design of some SCSI controllers 49 Be aware that in order for this to work properly your OS 9 boot track must contain a boot module that understands the controller that you are using If you do not do this then the boot track will attempt to find the OS 9 boot file on the floppy disk not the hard drive 48 And multiply the product by the number of bytes per sector 512 161 280 512 82 575 360 or 82 megabytes In this case half of the space approximately 41 megabytes will be wasted Given the size of today s hard drives this is a minimal amount of loss Although some may not like the waste we believe that the problems associated with fully supp
9. feature that allows both an OS 9 partition AND HDB DOS Hard Disks to reside on the same physical Hard Drive The 3 byte sector offset which is located at D938 D93A is added to all Hard Disk accesses under HDB DOS and represents the number of sectors from the beginning of the hard drive to the FIRST Virtual Floppy on the Hard Drive A Please note that the included WIZARD BAS file will calculate the necessary OS 9 offset value for you automatically The following information is only presented as a thorough technical explanation of the feature Also if you are using multiple hard drives on your system the OS 9 offset is applied to ALL of the hard drives This may not be what you want so be aware An alternate solution would be to leave the OS 9 offset at 000000 and devote a separate hard drive just for OS 9 In order to properly calculate the HDB DOS offset you must first determine several things 45 FINDFILE BAS A handy file find utility that searches for a filename across the virtual floppies of the hard disk Runs on all Color Computers ERRMSG BIN ERRMSG SRC A patch which gives detailed disk I O related error messages Runs on all Color Computers RAMDISK BIN RAMDISK ASM A patch for HDB DOS users which turns drives 2 and 3 into RAM Disks under Disk BASIC Source is included Runs on a 512K Color Computer 3 ONLY TWPATCH BAS TWPATCH BIN TWPATCH ASM A patch for Telewriter 80 to allow use of HDB DOS drives S
10. is not needed since the system will simply switch back and forth as many times as it needs to If for example a PCLEAR 8 statement were used prior to backup very little memory would be available to the BACKUP function and it might require 50 or more disk swaps to copy a single disk With multiple disk drives and or a hard drive the drive switching is automatic and of no concern to the user COMMAND COPY SYNTAX and USAGE COPY filename ext drive TO filename ext drive COPY filename ext drive TO n The COPY command has been improved You may use the COPY command as usual that is to COPY a SOURCE Filename to a DESTINATION filename Usually the Source and Destination Filenames are the same Therefore the COPY command required you to type the SAME Filename TWICE This is inefficient and time consuming With HDB DOS it is now possible to copy a file to another Drive by simply specifying the SOURCE FILENAME and the DESTINATION DRIVE NUMBER The entire Destination Filename MAY be used if desired but it is no longer NECESSARY The Destination Filename is usually specified ONLY IF it is desired that the copied file have a DIFFERENT filename than the original HDB DOS will also allow you to COPY over an existing file You no longer are faced with an AE ERROR File Already 25 Exists error If the Destination Filename is already in use HDB DOS will prompt you with the message FILE ALREADY EXISTS OVERWRITE IT Y
11. D BAS program will calculate this offset for you automatically based upon the number of sectors of your hard disk and the number of HDB DOS hard disks you wish to have No Floppy OS 9 Boot HDB DOS comes with a BASIC program named LINK which when run prompts you for an HDB DOS hard drive number where an OS 9 boot disk resides on It then sets up the OS 9 partition to boot from that OS 9 boot disk which is actually located on the HDB DOS partition To use this feature create a 35 track single sided OS 9 boot disk Reboot into HDB DOS and use the BACKUP command to copy the disk from the floppy drive to one of the HDB DOS hard disks Then run LINK BAS and provide the drive number of the HDB DOS hard disk where the newly backed up disk resides for example virtual floppy 20 Once the program is finished you can type DOS 20 to boot into OS 9 from the image on HDB DOS virtual floppy 20 47 1 How many sectors does your hard drive have 2 How many HDB DOS Virtual Floppy Disks do you wish to have Example Let s take an example using a ZIP 100 disk which has 196 608 sectors We wish to allocate enough space for 32 Hard Disks and devote the rest to OS 9 An HDB DOS Virtual Floppy contains 630 sectors Since we wish to allocate 32 Virtual Floppies we multiply the number of sectors of one Virtual Floppy 630 by 32 and get the result 20 160 We then subtract the number of HDB DOS Hard Disk sectors 20 160 from the to
12. EE 43 TEEN 43 OSK2DSK BAS cei ihe i aed ah ad mide ie de 43 FINDFILE BAS E 44 ERRMSG BIN ERRMGG GR 44 RAMDISK BIN RAMDISK ASM rrrnrnnrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrnrrrnnnnnnr 44 TWPATCH BAS TWPATCH BIN TWPATCH ASM 44 Pe BAS Le 44 PITAL BAS sueses a epos sed A SG Se G ST 44 11 OS 9 nd HDB DOS Lassie eee 45 HDB DOS Offset Feature rrrrrrrrrrnrnrrnnnnnrrrrrrrrnnnnnnnnnn 45 EE REIEE ege Ee 46 No Floppy OS 9 e 47 12 Se eebe 49 Supported SCSI Controllers nnn eeeeeee 49 13 ADE e 50 Supported IDE Intertaces rrenen 50 ATA 2 VS AAP EE 51 C HIS vs LBA Mode rrrrrrrvvrvvvvvvvvrrvrrrrrrrrrrrssrsrrsrnssnnnnnn 51 E Gelee EE 52 53 14 Support At Cloud 9 we take pride in offering products that will be easy to configure and use Although our products are engineered with quality and care we cannot guarantee that you won t run into problems If you have a problem or question please contact us via the Internet at support cloud9tech com You can also visit our website at http www cloud9tech com for up to date information on your product 52 1 Congratulations Thank you for purchasing HDB DOS another one of the fine products offered by Cloud 9 This product was designed to be used with the Radio Shack TRS 80 Color Computers 1 2 and the Tandy Color Computer 3 HDB DOS Hard Disk BASIC Disk Operating System started out in 1986 as RGB DOS a ground breaking product of Roger Krupski and RGB COMPU
13. EXEC a Binary Program with an Optional Offset the following syntax is used EXAMPLE RUNM FILENAME amp H1000 OR RUNM FILENAME 4096 lt ENTER gt Both of the above examples will load the Program 4096 bytes higher 1000 bytes higher than usual The EXEC address is also moved accordingly If the program is loaded with the Optional Load Offset it will of course run ONLY IF it was written in P I C Position Independent Code Programs NOT written in P I C will likely crash or run unpredictably if a load offset is used Finally the RUNM command should be used with binary Machine Language programs which require an EXEC after loading Programs which Auto start MAY crash or run unpredictably since the EXEC function ends up being done twice If the RUNM command fails to properly load a program try using LOADM and see if this solves the problem 37 balance of the DISKNAME sector 256 string length is filled with CHR 255 COMMAND RUN RUNM SYNTAX and USAGE RUN filename RUNM filename RUNM filename offset Just as the RUN command will LOAD and RUN a BASIC program automatically so to will the RUNM command LOADM and EXEC a BINARY program automatically The DEFAULT EXTENSION for the RUN command is BAS meaning that it will LOAD and RUN any BASIC PROGRAM The extension may be included in the filename if the program was saved with an extension other than BAS EXAMPLE RUN PROGRAM lt ENTER gt will
14. Manual Revision 1 2 May 9 2002 56 Cloud 9 3749 County Road 30 Delano MN 55328 Telephone 763 972 3261 www cloud9tech com HDB DOS 1 1 User Manual Cloud 9 3749 County Road 30 Delano MN 55328 Telephone 763 972 3261 www cloud9tech com HDB DOS 2003 Boisy G Pitre Licensed to Cloud 9 All Rights Reserved All portions of this software are copyright and are the proprietary and trade secret information of Boisy G Pitre and or his licensor Use reproduction or publication of any portion of this material without the prior written authorization of Boisy G Pitre is strictly prohibited HDB DOS User Manual 2003 Boisy G Pitre All Rights Reserved Reproduction or use of any portion of this manual without express written permission from Boisy G Pitre and or his licensor is prohibited While reasonable efforts have been made in the preparation of this manual to assure its accuracy neither Boisy G Pitre nor his licensor assume liability resulting from any errors in or omissions from this manual or from the use of the information contained herein 55 54 Table Of Contents BOS WA EE 1 User reegt 1 1 Congratulations EE 5 EE ee 6 FIXES Re e ele CTT 6 2 Choosing A Hard Drive 7 SEGON SIZES deet 7 Virtual Floppy RE 7 Putting It Kee tat 8 3 Using the HDB DOS Wand 10 4 EPROM Installation ccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 11 5 Hard Drive Getup 14 6 Special Fe DEE 18 Auto Execut
15. TER SYSTEMS It was paired with the fine SCSI controller from Ken Ton Electronics and versions were also available for other hard drive controllers With the introduction of the TC 3 SCSI controller from Cloud 9 renewed interest in RGB DOS began to appear In 2002 Boisy Pitre acquired all rights to the product from Ken Ton and now licenses the product exclusively to Cloud 9 as HDB DOS HDB DOS is reliable and easy to learn but you have to KNOW HOW TO USE IT if you expect maximum performance We suggest that some time be spent reading the User Manual before attempting to use HDB DOS with your hard drive system Over the years several people have spent long hours at the keyboard writing the software and the User Manual so please spend a few minutes and read the manual first It will save you time money and frustration HDB DOS contains the best ideas of many CoCo enthusiasts Countless ideas were given and countless 5 suggestions made Some ideas were great and became part of HDB DOS Most ideas were rejected for technical reasons Although we feel HDB DOS is a fine product we never consider it finished There is always something that can be improved If you have an idea comment or suggestion please pass it along to us Features e Allows access to modern SCSI and IDE hard drives under BASIC e Can address up to 8 SCSI devices or 2 IDE devices e Up to 256 virtual floppy disks can be accessed e Works flawlessl
16. UTOEXEC lt ENTER gt Your GAME BAS program will come up as soon as the computer is turned on without the need to touch the keys at all 16 Note that SETUP D932 only sets up 6 byte commands If extended 10 or more byte commands are used the Command Descriptor Block must be set up by the user 014A CYLINDERS 2 bytes containing the number 014B IDE of cylinders for the current ONLY device 014C HEADS 1 byte containing the number IDE ONLY of heads for the current device 014D SECTORS 1 byte containing the number IDE ONLY of sectors for the current device 014E HDFLAG 1 byte containing the drive number that begins hard drive access The DRIVE ON and DRIVE OFF command sets this variable 014F DRVSEL 1 byte for Logical Unit Number LUN selection The POKE command can be used to change this byte Note that the IDE version of HDB DOS does not use LUN 0150 MAXDRV 1 byte containing the highest drive number available to the system The contents of this byte are determined by the size of the attached hard drive and should not be changed Making the number larger will not provide more storage but will simply cause an lIO ERROR 41 D93B PORTHI Port Address HI BYTE Reflects the address of the SCSI controller or IDE interface in the CoCo s memory map D93C PORTLO Port Address LO BYTE Reflects the address of the SCSI controller or IDE int
17. ault drive setting thereby maintaining full compatibility with the original DOS command 28 An additional feature of the new DOS command is that IF a valid OS 9 boot disk OR OS 9 type utility is NOT found on the requested disk the system NEXT tries to run AUTOEXEC BAS if present on the requested disk This feature allows you to have MANY AUTOEXEC files on different disks all starting up their OWN application or program Then to run AUTOEXEC on ANY disk just type DOS n where n is the drive number that contains the program s you wish to run A NOTE A special OS 9 type boot track is NOT required to use this feature Since no boot track will be found the DOS command will next try to run AUTOEXEC on that disk thereby accomplishing the desired action The following may help in understanding the actions of the new DOS command Type DOS 35 lt ENTER gt System looks for OS 9 boot on drive 35 Was OS 9 boot found If yes go run OS 9 from drive 35 done Else see if AUTOEXEC BAS is on drive 35 Was AUTOEXEC BAS found on drive 35 If yes go run AUTOEXEC BAS on drive 35 done Else go to the BASIC OK prompt done 29
18. d prior to making a single drive backup This will minimize the number of disk swaps 24 e It LABELS each SECTOR with an ADDRESS MARKER so that the system knows which Track and Sector it is on e It fills each SECTOR with CHR 255 characters erases each sector The hard drive comes from the factory Pre Formatted That is the process of defining tracks and sectors has already been done The DSKINI command when applied to a virtual floppy number simply ERASES that virtual floppy so that it may be used again All of the other disks on the hard drive are NOT erased Finally when the DSKINI command is applied to the hard drive the prompt ERASE HARD DRIVE n ARE YOU SURE Y N Will be presented To begin erasing that disk the Y for YES key must be pressed This is done for two reasons 1 It allows you to be SURE that you are erasing a HARD DISK disk and not a FLOPPY DISK and 2 It allows you the option to cancel the DSKINI and NOT erase the disk This is important if for example you wanted to FORMAT a FLOPPY DISK in Drive Zero but FORGOT to type DRIVE OFF lt ENTER gt to ENABLE the Floppy Disk Drives The prompt would immediately alert you that you were really about to erase the HARD DRIVE S disk Zero and give you the chance to cancel the request If you are formatting a FLOPPY DISK the warning is NOT given and the DSKINI proceeds as usual The process of erasing a Hard Disk disk is subject to th
19. e VERIFY command If VERIFY ON is used the erased Hard 33 to normal use DRIVE 0 lt ENTER gt Typing DRIVE fin will CLOSE all open files DRIVE RESTORE 0 thru n lt ENTER gt This command will cause the hard drive to re calibrate itself and restore the read write heads to Track zero The number 0 n refers to the ID of the drive attached to the controller See the DRIVE SET command The number 0 n is optional and if omitted the default hard disk drive will be restored This command also internally does a DRIVE command so typing DRIVE RESTORE 1 will recalibrate SCSI device 1 IDE slave but will also leave the system setup on drive number 1 To go back to drive zero the command DRIVE 0 or DRIVE RESTORE 0 may be used Typing DRIVE RESTORE will CLOSE all open files COMMAND DSKINI SYNTAX and USAGE DSKINI n The DSKINI command is used to format and erase disks However the operation of DSKINI is somewhat different when applied to the hard drive The command DSKINI n lt ENTER gt will ERASE the specified virtual floppy on the hard drive The hard disk is NOT formatted with this command rather just erased This is in contrast to the floppy disks which are FORMATTED by this command The Floppy Disk FORMATTING process does several things e It divides each floppy disk into 35 TRACKS e It divides each floppy disk TRACK into 18 SECTORS 32 necessary On multiple drive or hard drive backups this step
20. e memory to operate a very large program with many variables may cause the DSKINI command to return an 0M ERROR out of memory error If this happens shorten the BASIC program or reserve less variable storage space CLEAR and PCLEAR COMMAND RENAME SYNTAX and USAGE RENAME old filename TO new filename RENAME DRIVE n string In addition to the usual function of the RENAME command which is to allow you to CHANGE the name of an existing filename the command also allows you to write a Heading or Disk Label on each Directory This is also sometimes referred to as a Volume Label For example to write the words BINARY GAMES DISK 2 on the Directory of Drive number 51 the command RENAME DRIVE would be used as follows RENAME DRIVE 51 BINARY GAMES DISK 2 lt ENTER gt That command writes the STRING BINARY GAMES DISK 2 on the Directory of Drive number 51 Both the DRIVE 34 a will be restored Legal values of n are 0 thru 7 for SCSI and 0 thru 1 for IDE DRIVE n Sets the device to be used for further disk access Legal values for n are 0 thru 7 for SCSI and 0 thru 1 for IDE DRIVE STOP Or DRIVE STOP n Parks the Hard Drive in the shipping zone Use this command BEFORE powering off If the optional DRIVE NUMBER n is specified then DRIVE a will be parked Legal values of n are 0 thru 7 for SCSI and 0 thru 1 for IDE RENAME DRIVE n string Writes a DISKNAME on the specified drive May also be u
21. erface in the CoCo s memory map D93D TIMOUT Timeout Value For SCSI this is used as a command timeout For IDE this value is used at the startup of HDB DOS to indicate how long to wait for an IDE device to spin up and become available in 1 10ths of a second D93E DEFID Default SCSI IDE ID This is the SCSI IDE ID of the main HDB DOS drive In the case of SCSI some drives such as ZIP drives can only be set to SCSI IDs 5 or 6 and this is where that ID would be placed IDE allows only the values 0 master or 1 slave RAM Variables HDB DOS utilizes certain portions of low RAM for its own use Here are the offsets and their designations Address Name Usage 00F3 VCMD Up to 10 bytes used to store the command data which is sent to the SCSI IDE device during the COMMAND phase This VCMD 9 buffer is also used to read SCSI sense error information 40 If your favorite program were BINARY machine language such as GAME BIN line 20 would look like this note the new command RUNM 20 RUNM GAME BIN LOADM and EXEC at once A NOTE HDB DOS gives your hard drive the ability to hold the equivalent of MANY floppy disks Even so things can go wrong The WISE USER will keep BACKUP COPIES of important work on FLOPPY DISK It is VERY EASY to forget that floppy disks even EXIST once you get used to the hard drive So as always remember to KEEP BACKUPS of important work 17 6
22. his is especially handy when editing many lines of a BASIC program as it is easier to use FlexiKey then to type the entire command EDIT XXXX 21 7 Commands Reference COPY filename ext drv TO n Allows copying of a file without the need to specify destination filename ext drv The destination filename may be included if it is desired that the copied file have a DIFFERENT filename Files which already exist may be over written if desired DIR n Displays DIRECTORY of drive number Directory is now displayed with DISKNAME CONTENTS DRIVE NUMBER and FREE GRANULES DOS n The same as the usual DOS command but an optional drive number n may be specified If a valid OS 9 boot is not found the DOS will attempt to find and run AUTOEXEC from drive number n DRIVE ON default setting Drive numbers 0 to 3 access the hard disk DRIVE OFF or DRIVE OFF n Drive numbers 0 to 3 access the FLOPPIES If the optional Drive Number n is used then only Drives 0 to n will access the Floppy Disk Drives DRIVE RESTORE Or DRIVE RESTORE n Causes the Hard Disk Drive to re zero and re calibrate itself If the optional DRIVE NUMBER n is specified then DRIVE 22 NUMBER and STRING may be BASIC VARIABLES as below X 51 AS BINARY GAMES DISK 2 RENAME DRIVE X AS The STRING may include ANY characters including graphics characters and may be up to 255 characters long As an example of the flexibility of this command
23. ing the printed circuit board inside Locate the ROM chip The ROM chip is the SMALLER of the 2 LARGE CHIPS Some disk controllers will have 2 Large chips and several Small chips The largest chip will have either 28 or 40 pins count them The smaller of the 2 will have 24 pins This is the ROM chip Most after market floppy disk controllers non Radio Shack have a 28 pin ROM socket or even have several ROM sockets The Tandy FD 502 also has a 28 pin ROM Socket If you are not ABSOLUTELY sure which chip to remove DO NOT DO ANYTHING contact Cloud 9 for assistance Take note where PIN 1 ofthe ROM gt CHIP is It is P absolutely ESSENTIAL that the NEW CHIP be inserted properly a M su that is PIN 1 to PIN 1 A small dot or notch will indicate Ez where pin 1 is Installing the chip backwards will DESTROY THE CHIP and VOID THE WARRANTY Draw a sketch if necessary aar m BA Pt KIIS D Using a small screwdriver CAREFULLY insert the tool between the CHIP and the SOCKET and pry up JUST A BIT then pry the other end and SLOWLY CAREFULLY rock the chip up and out 12 m oi 11 OS 9 and HDB DOS For OS 9 users HDB DOS offers several advantages It also allows both OS 9 and HDB DOS partitions to exist on the same physical hard drive It even allows full booting to OS 9 from a hard drive without the need for a floppy drive HDB DOS Offset Feature For OS 9 users HDB DOS offers a
24. ion Feature eege Eed Ee 18 FLEXIKEY Last Line Recall amp Ed 19 7 Commands HReterence rr nnne 22 8 Detailed Command Gummanm 24 COMMAND BACKUP sssssssssssssssssssssssssssessees 24 SYNTAX and USAGE unnnnnnnrnnnnnrrrrvrvnnnrnnnnnnnrrrrrrennnnn 24 COMMAND COPY ee edu 25 SYNTAX EE 25 COMMAND DUR accor cz co Oa ae ha 27 SYNTAX and RL EE 27 COMMAND DOS sews eee a ee a 28 SYNTAX An EE 28 COMMAND DRIVE 2222222202 oon d eed eine need leeds 30 SYNTAX and USAGE unnnnnnnnnnnnnrrrvvrrnnnnrnnnnnnrrrrrrrnnnnn 30 COMMAND DSRIND exexen cececencceceeenecestecnecestecnecestecteceseee 32 SYNTAX RE 32 COMMAND RENAME AAA 34 SYNTAX and USAGE mmnnnnnnnnnnnnnnrrrvrrvnvnnnnnnnnnnrrsrereennn 34 COMMAND RUN RUNM AAA 36 9 Technical Information srrrrrernnrnnnnnnnnnnnrvvrvnvnvvnnnnnn 38 D930 DISKIO Universal Hard Disk I O Routine 38 3 D932 SETUP Setup a CDB in RAM starting at VCMD EE 39 D934 BEEP Used to generate a BEEP tone 39 D936 DSKCON DSKCON Re entry point 39 D938 OS9HI OS 9 sector offset HI BYTE 39 D939 OS9LO OS 9 sector offset LO WORD 39 D93B PORTHI Port Address HI BYTE 40 D93C PORTLO Port Address LO BYTE 40 D93D TIMOUT Timeout Value rrrrrrrrnnvrrrrrnnvnrne 40 D93E DEFID Default SCSI IDE ID 40 RENE 40 10 lei e E ala enda er 43 N
25. load and run a BASIC program saved as PROGRAM BAS If the program were saved with a different EXTENSION other than BAS then that extension MUST be specified in the RUN command EXAMPLE The program is BASIC but saved with the name PROGRAM PRO then the BASIC command then MUST BE RUN PROGRAM PRO lt ENTER gt The same is true with the RUNM command However the DEFAULT EXTENSION for BINARY PROGRAMS is BIN Therefore the RUNM PROGRAM command will look for a program saved with the filename PROGRAM BIN If the 36 COMMAND PAST the end of the FIRST COMMAND the longer command will be recalled You type this FOR X 0 TO then press SHIFT RIGHT FOR X 0 TO 255 PRINT CHR X NEXT X mn will be recalled Finally some of the ARROW keys which FlexiKey uses previously created printable characters such as Square brackets etc These characters may be generated by pressing SHIFT CLEAR first to temporarily Turn off FlexiKey Then the Special characters may be generated FLEXIKEY automatically turns itself back ON after each special key is pressed FlexiKey does NOT function during BASIC EDIT procedures using the EDIT command EDIT still performs as usual In fact FLEXIKEY will recall the EDIT command line NOT the work performed during EDIT Example You type EDIT 1230 lt ENTER gt Line 1230 comes up for editing and you edit it finally pressing lt ENTER gt Pressing SHIFT RIGHT will recall EDIT 1230 T
26. loppies accordingly Putting It Together With this information let s look at an example of how HDB DOS utilizes the space on a Quantum LPS52 SCSI hard drive The Quantum LPS52 SCSI has a total of 102 136 sectors at 512 bytes per sector for a grand total of approximately 52 megabytes Assume that we want to allocate the entire hard drive for HDB DOS When HDB DOS starts up it queries the hard drive and finds that it has 102 136 sectors It then divides that number by 630 the number of sectors per virtual floppy remember 630 is the same number of sectors of a 35 track single sided floppy disk 102136 630 162 1206 HDB DOS ignores the fractional part and sets the number of virtual floppy disks to 162 for that hard drive 0 161 Now since HDB DOS only utilizes half of the hard drive the actual number of bytes being used is really only approximately 25 megabytes Remember HDB DOS only utilizes the first 256 bytes of each sector So how many sectors does a hard drive need in order to utilize the full 256 virtual floppy disks under HDB DOS Multiply the maximum number of virtual floppies by the number of sectors per virtual disk 256 630 161 280 12 SCSI Notes Supported SCSI Controllers HDB DOS currently supports the following SCSI controllers e TC43 SCSI Controller from Cloud 9 e Ken Ton SCSI Controller from Ken Ton Electronics out of production e Disto Hard Disk II Adapter out of production
27. m automatically If it is NOT found the system will return to the BASIC OK prompt The program AUTOEXEC BAS may be saved in Crunched Standard format or in ASCII the comma A format AUTOEXEC BAS MUST be a BASIC program It may NOT be a Machine Language Program However if you wish to automatically run a Machine Language Program upon startup you may use the RUNM command in a BASIC program then save that program with the name AUTOEXEC on drive ZERO BASIC will automatically assign the BAS extension if none is specified Note that the program MUST be named AUTOEXEC BAS If a different filename OR extension is used the system will NOT find and auto execute it Sometimes it is desirable to bypass AUTOEXEC and NOT run the usual program upon startup The AUTOEXEC feature may be bypassed if desired by pressing and holding either or both SHIFT keys during startup until the OK prompt appears FLEXIKEY Last Line Recall amp Edit FlexiKey was written by Colin J Stearman O 1984 and is included in HDB DOS with the written permission of the author The basic function of FlexiKey is to allow the RIGHT ARROW Key of the Color Computer to perform the OPPOSITE function of the LEFT ARROW That is the LEFT ARROW will DELETE ONE character at a time and a SHIFT LEFT ARROW will delete an ENTIRE line at a time as usual 19 FlexiKey now allows the RIGHT ARROW to RECALL ONE character at a time and the SHIFT RIGHT ARROW to
28. n running HDB DOS from ROM Runs on all Color Computers DSK2DSK BAS A copy program for floppy hard drive copies Runs on a 512K Color Computer 3 ONLY 43 0151 IDNUM 1 byte containing the SCSI or IDE ID number This byte is normally set to 0 but may be changed to allow access to other devices on the SCSI or IDE bus The DRIVE command controls this byte 42 5 Plug the hard drive unit s LINE CORD into a GROUNDED WALL OUTLET For safety s sake do NOT defeat the grounding feature of the line cord 6 Visually inspect the setup for loose or forgotten connections A few seconds double checking the setup NOW will save hours of grief LATER 7 Switch on all components The computer should start up as normal but there will be no cursor UNTIL THE HARD DISK REACHES OPERATING SPEED It is usually better to switch on ALL components at once using an Outlet Strip or other multi outlet device Otherwise switch the HARD DISK UNIT on FIRST and wait until the Hard Drive light goes off before switching ON the computer 8 When the Hard Drive is READY a BEEP will be heard from the Computer if the volume is up sufficiently At this time the OK prompt appears and the usual blinking cursor should be seen The system is now READY TO RUN If the computer does not act normally SHUT IT OFF and re check all wiring REMEMBER that the computer will NOT display a cursor UNTIL the hard drive has reached full s
29. orting 512 byte sector devices far outweigh any potential benefits Remember compatibility with existing Disk BASIC applications has always been an advantage of HDB DOS 3 Using the HDB DOS Wizard The HDB DOS Wizard is a BASIC program supplied on the HDB DOS distribution diskette Its purpose is to set up a custom copy of HDB DOS for your system in a very short time by asking you a series of questions about your controller type addressing and a few other options To run the program insert a backup copy of your HDB DOS disk into floppy drive 0 and type RUN WIZARD 0 Sit back relax and answer the few questions that the Wizard puts your way In no time you will have a custom loadable HDB DOS BIN file A NOTE Running HDB DOS from disk is recommended only for testing and not for long term use Once the proper configuration has been determined a ROM should be burnt and installed in your disk controller 10 A NOTE Under OS 9 RBF sees sectors as 256 bytes in size If you have a drive with 512 byte sectors then you will need to double the sector value from 176 448 to 352 896 in order to get the full use of the OS 9 side of the hard drive Also it is imperative that you set the device descriptor for the ZIP 100 disk to reflect 352 896 as the number of sectors If you specify a larger value you run the risk of OS 9 writing over the HDB DOS partition of the hard drive The good news is that the included WIZAR
30. ource for the patch program is included Runs on the Color Computer 3 ONLY FIX 128 BAS A BASIC program which patches Telewriter 128 to allow use of HDB DOS drives Runs on the Color Computer 3 ONLY FMTALL BAS This BASIC program will format all available virtual floppies on your hard disk system Runs on all Color Computers A4 9 Remove the NEW ROM CHIP from the protective foam and place the OLD ROM CHIP into the foam for safe keeping 10 Insure that no pins on the ROM chip are bent then place the chip in the socket and firmly press to seat it DO NOT FORCE IT Be absolutely sure that no pins are bent before seating the ROM CHIP 11 Visually inspect the installation Is the chip BACKWARDS Are any pins BENT Is the chip in the RIGHT PLACE When you are satisfied with the installation replace the cover of the DISK CONTROLLER and re install the screw 13 5 Hard Drive Setup Once you have selected your hard drive you will find that setup is simple and straight forward As always the instructions should be followed carefully if the best results are expected 1 Turn OFF power to the Color Computer Multi Pak Interface and any other equipment connected to the computer 2 Locate your hard drive data cable and connect it to your hard disk interface and the hard drive unit s Be sure to install the cable properly Pin 1 to Pin 1 etc 3 Plug your hard disk interface into the Multi Pak Interface or
31. peed and passed the self test If the hard drive does NOT become ready after 30 seconds the system will automatically switch to the floppy disk drives and the hard disk will NOT be available This is of course not normally expected and indicative of a problem such as a bad drive no power on the drive loose wires etc Once the system is up and running proceed to use it as you would a floppy disk A good place to start is by copying a few of your favorite disks to the hard drive and see how they run 15 Programs which will ONLY run with drives O thru 3 can be easily transferred with the following steps 1 Type DRIVE OFF lt ENTER gt to ENABLE the floppy disk drives 2 Insert your floppy disk into DRIVE 0 3 Type BACKUP 0 TO 4 lt ENTER gt to copy the disk to hard disk 4 4 Type DRIVE ON lt ENTER gt to ENABLE hard disks 0 thru 3 5 Type BACKUP 4 TO 0 lt ENTER gt to copy the data to hard disk 0 6 Type DSKINI 4 lt ENTER gt to erase hard disk 4 7 The message ERASE HARD DISK 4 SURE Y N appears 8 Respond by hitting the Y key for YES Hard disk 4 will be erased ARE YOU Your floppy disk is now copied onto hard disk 0 Now have some FUN Select a program that you would like running AS SOON AS the computer is turned on Let us assume that the name of this program is GAME BAS Type in the following program 10 CLS just clear the screen 20 RUN GAME BAS LOAD and RUN Now type SAVE A
32. recall an ENTIRE LINE Once the line has been recalled pressing the lt ENTER gt key will re execute that command line and it may again be recalled if desired The recalled command line may also be EDITED if desired before re executing FlexiKey allows characters to be INSERTED into a recalled line using the SHIFT UP arrow to begin insertion After inserting the desired characters the SHIFT RIGHT ARROW will recall the remainder of the command line Characters may also be DELETED using the DOWN ARROW KEY In order to continue to edit a command line without actually executing it the SHIFT DOWN arrow may be used to place the cursor at the beginning of the command line WITHOUT EXECUTING IT Then further insertions or deletions may be performed FLEXIKEY will recall up to 250 characters for editing or re execution and will also allow a longer Previous line to be recalled explained as follows This was typed first FOR X 0 TO 255 PRINT CHRS X NEXT X lt ENTER gt The SHIFT RIGHT arrow will RECALL the ENTIRE LINE for RE EXECUTION Next you typed this PRINT HELLO lt ENTER gt The SHIFT RIGHT arrow will recall only the command PRINT HELLO However if you type just PART of the OLD 20 Binary Program were saved with an extension OTHER THAN BIN then the Extension MUST be specified in the RUNM command As with the LOADM command an optional LOAD OFFSET may be specified in addition to the FILENAME To LOADM and
33. sectors and requires very little overhead but is usually supported on drives of larger gt 2GB capacity or CompactFlash Depending upon your hard drive setup you should select either the C H S or LBA mode when configuring HDB DOS LBA mode is recommended since it is faster however if you have older or smaller IDE drives C H S is probably the only mode that will work 51 13 IDE Notes Supported IDE Interfaces HDB DOS currently supports the following IDE interfaces e Cloud 9 s SuperIDE Interface e Glenside Color Computer Club IDE Interface An IDE interface unlike SCSI is not an intelligent controller It is merely an interface to the IDE drive s on the IDE bus This distinction is important and affects the way that HDB DOS starts up for IDE vs SCSI HDB DOS will wait approximately 5 seconds for the IDE device to spin up before it fails with a HARD DRIVE NOT FOUND message This timeout occurs whether or not the controller is plugged into the CoCo It may appear that the CoCo is locked up but HDB DOS is actually waiting for the IDE drive to spin up and become available for detection You can change the amount of time by changing the byte at D93D Each value represents 1 10 of a second so a value of 10 at the address would equal a 1 second wait before timing out be aware that running a CoCo 3 at double speed will cut this time in half 50 2 Choosing A Hard Drive When it comes to choosing a hard
34. sed with variables such as RENAME DRIVE X 2A where X is the Drive Number and A is the Disk Name RUNM filename ext drv offset LOADM s and EXEC s a BINARY file If the optional offset is used the program will be loaded offset bytes higher than usual As always offset can wrap around zero thereby allowing negative offset loading 23 8 Detailed Command Summary COMMAND BACKUP SYNTAX and USAGE BACKUP source TO destination The usage and syntax of the BACKUP command has not been changed However the machine language code has been fixed so that the BACKUP command NO LONGER erases the BASIC program in memory Therefore it is now possible to include the BACKUP command WITHIN a BASIC program successfully This feature in combination with the repaired DSKINI command allows TOTALLY AUTOMATED disk formatting and copying all under the control of a BASIC program This feature is perfect for mass producing disks club and business use or just simplifying your own Hard Disk backup program Since the BACKUP command now only uses FREE memory the copy buffer size used may be smaller than it was before if a large BASIC program is in memory or if a great deal of variable storage space is allocated This means that IF and only if you are making a SINGLE DRIVE backup more disk swaps per backup would be required since less is copied on each pass It is suggested but NOT necessary that a PCLEAR 1 statement be use
35. ssed NOTHING Returned BEEP and AUDIO OFF Registers Modified NONE D936 DSKCON DSKCON Re entry point Used to return to DSKCON if the original entry point has been patched such as by a RAM disk program D938 OS9HI OS 9 sector offset HI BYTE Set to 00 for an all RS DOS system D939 OS9LO OS 9 sector offset LO WORD Set to 0000 for an all RS DOS system 39 9 Technical Information There are several ROM routines and memory locations which may be of some use to both Assembly Language and BASIC Programmers The following is a list of the routines which are accessed using EXTENDED INDIRECT ADDRESSING i e JSR D9301 NOTE This information is presented for the benefit of EXPERIENCED PROGRAMMERS If you are NOT SURE of what you are doing DON T DO IT A seemingly small error could corrupt some data on the Hard Disk or ERASE IT ENTIRELY Cloud 9 CAN NOT and WILL NOT be responsible for the use or misuse of this information Peek and Poke at your OWN RISK D930 DISKIO Universal Hard Disk I O Routine Passed Command Packet starting at VCMD 00F3 Read Write Data address in DCBPT 00EE Returned Command Executed Completion status in DCSTAT 00F0 If NO ERROR DCSTAT 00F0 0 If ERROR DCSTAT Disk ERROR CODE Regs Modified NONE 38 4 The system will look for a BASIC program on hard disk ZERO called AUTOEXEC BAS If AUTOEXEC IS found it will be loaded and run by the syste
36. t ENTER gt would accomplish this Typing DRIVE OFF will CLOSE all open files NOTE Drive numbers FOUR to MAXIMUM will ALWAYS access the Hard Drive regardless of the access specified by using DRIVE ON or DRIVE OFF DRIVE STOP lt ENTER gt or DRIVE STOP 0 thru n lt ENTER gt This command will PARK the hard drive in the Safe Landing Zone and may be used every time the hard drive is to be turned off If no DRIVE NUMBER is specified after the DRIVE STOP command the system will Park the Drive LAST SPECIFIED with the DRIVE command Attempting to access the Hard Drive AFTER it has been parked may result in an error since the read write heads are now in a non data zone The drive will AUTOMATICALLY re calibrate the next time power is switched on Typing DRIVE STOP will CLOSE all open files DRIVE 0 thru n lt ENTER gt This command allows setting the SCSI or IDE bus channel Normally the system runs on SCSI channel zero or IDE master DRIVE 0 command but the channel may be changed if desired to access other devices on the bus Attempting to select a non active channel will result in an IO ERROR Attempting to select an illegal channel outside the range will result in an FC ERROR To restore the system 31 The end result of all this DOS 35 accomplishes the SAME thing as if you typed this command RUN AUTOEXEC BAS 35 Which is easier COMMAND DRIVE SYNTAX and USAGE DRIVE n DRIVE ON DRIVE OFF DRIVE OFF 0 thru 3
37. tal number of sectors 196 608 196 608 20 160 176 448 The result is the OS 9 offset or number of sectors from the beginning of the drive to the FIRST HDB DOS Virtual Floppy However the number must be converted to hexadecimal 176 448 decimal 02B140 This 3 byte value can then be placed into offsets 1938 193A of the HDB DOS ROM assuming a base address of 0 46 4 EPROM Installation If you have burned HDB DOS onto an EPROM or ordered it already burned from Cloud 9 then follow these steps to install the EPROM on your Color Computer Disk System If you don t have an EPROM then skip to the next chapter A IMPORTANT NEVER NEVER Insert or remove ANY PROGRAM PAK or ROM PAK from the Color Computer while the POWER IS ON To do so may damage the Computer and or the Program Pak 1 Turn OFF the Computer Multi Pak Interface and ANY OTHER equipment attached to the computer 2 Disconnect the cable from the DISK CONTROLLER to the FLOPPY DISK DRIVE S 34 conductor ribbon and remove the disk controller 3 Using a finger feel the LABEL on the DISK CONTROLLER looking for a small indentation which is the single screw holding the 2 parts of the plastic case together 4 Using a PHILLIPS screwdriver puncture the label and remove the screw by unscrewing it right out of the hole you made in the label 11 5 6 7 Carefully unsnap the top and bottom pieces of the controller case expos
38. y with Cloud 9 s TC 3 SCSI Controller and SuperIDE Interface e Also supports Disto and Ken Ton SCSI controllers and the Glenside IDE interface Fixes And Additions Version 1 1 of HDB DOS includes the following fixes and additions Cloud 9 s SuperlDE controller is now supported LBA mode support for IDE drives has been added Several bugs which affected compatibility with certain SCSI and IDE drives have been fixed The DRIVE fn command will now timeout on a non existing drive ID The DOSn command now sets the default drive to n before running AUTOEXEC BAS This allows the program to load files from its drive properly The LINK12 BAS and LINK3 BAS programs have been folded into one program called LINK BAS which auto detects the type of Color Computer ATA 2 vs ATAPI HDB DOS supports ATA 2 compliant devices only ATAPI devices such as CD ROMs and ZIP drives will not work with HDB DOS C H S vs LBA Mode HDB DOS supports both LBA Logical Block Address mode and C H S Cylinder Head Sector mode Both are standard methods of accessing data on IDE drives C H S mode is widely used in IDE hard drives of many sizes and models therefore it offers the most compatibility While using C H S mode does add some overhead when processing each read write it insures the greatest compatibility with a wide range of IDE drives Unlike C H S mode the LBA mode is a more direct approach to accessing a hard drive s
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search