User`s Manual - Sequoia Scientific, Inc.
Contents
1. DT Display time Syntax DT or dt Description The current time and date are displayed to the screen Example input DT output Current Date 04 06 2000 Current Time 15 07 57 Cautions The time is reset to midnight Jan 1 1980 at power up To reset time see ST command HE Display general help messages and command list Syntax HE or he Description Displays the list of command to the screen Example input HE output LISST 25X Commands followed by 30 lines of text Cautions None Setup Commands RS Reset to standard defaults Syntax RS orrs Description Returns all settings to startup defaults Does not effect datafile batch file or clock A warning prompt will ask you if you are sure you want to reset to defaults Enter Y or followed by a lt enter gt if you wish to reset Any other key or no key followed an lt enter gt will not reset After resetting to default parameters the current status is automatically displayed using the DS command Example input RS output Reset to Default parameters y or n Y lt enter gt LISST 25X Current Status Cautions The calibration constant is an instrument specific value that is determined at the factory before delivery of the instrument The default parameter may not be the correct one for your instrument Record the current calibration constant before executing an RS command LISST 25X User2. Operating Manual Version 1 3 SEWUOIA 2700 Richards Road Suite 107 Bellevue WA 98005 Tel 425 641 0944 Fax 425 643 0595 Welcome to the LISST 25X Suspended Sediment Sensor Technical Specifications of the LISST 25X e Parameters Measured Particle Volume Concentration 1 l Sauter Mean Diameter SMD Optical Transmission Depth meters e Optical Path 2 5 cm optical path e Operating Range Concentration Approximately 0 1 to 1 000 mg l with 30 micron limits change linearly with particle size Size Range 2 50 500 um Full Range 63 500 um Sub range Transmission 0 100 optimal range for measuring concentration and SMD 30 98 e Data Storage 28 000 recordings of measured parameters e Power Supply Internal 4 x 9V alkaline batteries External 6 12V DC 250 ma maximum e Physical Dimensions 3 5 diameter x 18 long 8 0 cm diameter x 45 cm L 8 0 165 3 6 kg in air 2 0 Ibs 0 9 kg in water e Depth Rating 300 meters This document is the property of SEQUOIA SCIENTIFIC INC It shall not be reproduced disclosed used in whole or part for any purpose without the specific written authorization of SEQUOIA SCIENTIFIC INC Table of Contents SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION ee 1 SECTION 2 OPERATION ses ae ed 3 2 1 Linge CO ae Dr 3 22 Getting Started nee 3 2 3 Field Deployment Procedure ssi eese zen oos ves aereo ye APP EEC RES PER N 9 24 LISST 25 Com
3. 5 Exclusive Remedies CUSTOMER S RIGHTS AND REMEDIES SET FORTH IN PARAGRAPHS 2 AND 3 ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ANY AND ALL OTHER RIGHTS AND REMEDIES FOR ANY BREACH OF OR OTHER FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH ANY WARRANTY WITH REGARD TO ANY PRODUCT 6 No Consequential Damages SEQUOIA will not be liable for any indirect incidental special or consequential damages any cover or any loss of revenue profit data or use LISST 25X User s Guide 25 d Limitations of Liability SEQUOIA s liability whether in contract tort or otherwise and notwithstanding any fault negligence strict liability or product liability with regard to any Product including but not limited to any breach of or default under the Order by SEQUOIA will in no event exceed the purchase price paid by Customer to SEQUOIA for such Product Further SEQUOIA will not be liable for or be in breach of or default under the Order on account of any delay or failure to perform as a result of any cause condition or circumstance beyond SEQUOIA s reasonable control 8 Statute of Limitations Customer will not commence any action based on breach of warranty with respect to any Product more than 18 months after SEQUOIA s delivery of such Product 9 Software The Products may include or be delivered with certain computer programs databases or other software that is proprietary to SEQUOIA SEQUOIA hereby grants Customer a nonexclusive license to use such software solely
4. s Guide SA Set samples per average Syntax SAx orsax Where x number of samples per average Description Each recorded or displayed measurement is based on an average of samples The number of samples per average is set using the SA command Example input SA 10 Cautions None SB Set communications baud rate Syntax SB x or sbx Where x 300 600 1200 3400 4800 9600 19200 or 38400 Description The communications baud rate can be set to a number of different rates see above The standard default rate is 19200 if power is reset the instrument will return to 19200 baud Example input SB 9600 output The baud rate is now set to 9600 Note The output message is printed at original baud rate before it is changed to the new rate Cautions Resetting the baud rate does not effect the baud rate of the communication software The baud rate of the communications software must be changed in order to continue operation SC Set Calibration Constant Syntax SCx or scx Where x value of calibration constant Description The instrument is calibrated at the factory before shipment The calibration constant corrects for instrument specific values such as laser power and electronic gain The value can be experimentally determined by the user and or adjusted for different densities Example input SC 21050 Cauti
5. the cover plate 4 Install new batteries into battery holder Insert battery pack Verify that there is no response from the instrument Press and hold the reset button If not reset button is installed disconnect the two pin backup battery connector on the edge of the main PC board 5 While holding the reset button down remove the main battery pack Wait 30 to 60 seconds and then power up the system again by inserting the battery pack After about 20 to 30 seconds the standard Display Status message should appear After the standard message appears the reset button can be released or the backup battery can be reconnected Key Points e The power must be ON BEFORE the reset switch is pressed or the backup battery is disconnected e There must be time between power down and power up for any residual charge on the circuit to dissipate e Upon power up from a hard reset it will take about 30 seconds before the standard message appears in the Terminal Window 6 After a Reset the parameters will return to default values These include the time date samples per average and calibration constant The internal pointers to the data storage memory are also affected The following steps MUST be performed before the instrument can be used 7 To reset internal variables to their correct values a soft reboot must be performed From the L25 lt lt prompt type RB and press enter This will reset all of the values to factory settings 8 Determi
6. 40 23 0 76 1 43 160 78 2 67 Sample 3 5 98 150 16 0 72 1 65 165 28 2 76 The first column is concentration the second is the mean size the third is the percent transmission th fourth is concentration greater than 63 microns the fifth is the mean size of the particles greater than 63 microns and the sixth is the depth in meters Values are displayed to the screen and also stored to the datafile Cautions To stop acquisition before it is complete press the Stop button or CTRL C LISST 25X User s Guide GS Grab sample and store Syntax GS or gs Description Acquires single averaged sample and stores it in memory Example Input GS Output no response Notes Use SA command to set number of samples per average GX Grab sample and transmit it Syntax GX or gx Description Acquires single averaged sample and displays the result to the screen Example Input GX Output 5 30 2001 23 54 34 5 34 125 56 0 65 5 30 2001 23 54 34 2 56 156 78 2 56 Format is date time full range concentration full range mean size and percent transmission The second line s format is date time gt 63 micron range concentration gt 63 micron range mean size and depth in meters Notes The GX command does not store the sample in the datafile XS Transmit last sample Syntax XS or xs Description Transmits the last acqui
7. L25 gt gt L25 gt gt DS Current Status of LISST 25X LISST 25X Serial 25 001 Maximum Memory 28103 Samples Memory Used 0 Samples Memory Available 28103 Samples Samples per Average 10 Calibration Constant 17500 Sample Rate 1 Background File Date Time 02 23 99 12 03 23 Battery Voltage 9 23 Current Date 3 23 99 Current Time 23 34 45 Step 7 Set the instruments internal clock Step 8 Acquire clean water background measurements Step 9 Add Sample and Display results Step 10 Load a Batch File The internal instrument clock can be set in two ways The first method is by clicking on the button This will set the instrument clock to the PC clock time The second method is by using the ST command Enter ST in the command box and press enter Messages will prompt you for the date and time You can also enter the date and time after the ST command to bypass the prompts e g ST 01 05 2003 21 05 03 Note that the year is four digits and the hour is in 24 hour format Before accurate measurements can be made the background light scattering of the optical surfaces must be measured This background is subtracted from the measured scattering in the field so that only the scattering from the particles in the water are used for processing of the data The instrument will need to be submerged in clean filtered water Check to make sure the windows and water are free of bubbles The ZS command will acquire and stor
8. Products or components or parts thereof that are manufactured by SEQUOIA do not infringe any U S patent or copyright 2 Correction of Non Compliances If any Product does not comply with the warranties set forth in 1 a and 1 b above SEQUOIA will at its option either a repair the Product b replace the Product or c refund the purchase price paid by Customer to SEQUOIA for the Product provided that Customer gives SEQUOIA written notice of the noncompliance within one 1 year after SEQUOIA s delivery of the Product as the same may be extended for repaired or replacement Products as provided for herein the Warranty Period If Customer does not give SEQUOIA such written notice within the Warranty Period then such warranties will be satisfied in full Customer will cooperate with SEQUOIA s efforts to repair or replace any noncomplying Product Without limiting the generality of the foregoing Customer will comply with SEQUOIA s request for return of any such Product to SEQUOIA in which event SEQUOIA will pay for round trip shipment within the United States or for access to accomplish the repair or replacement on Customer s premises As to any Product repaired or replaced by SEQUOIA the Warranty Period will end upon the later of one 1 year after SEQUOIA s delivery of the original Product or 90 days after SEQUOIA s delivery of the repaired or replacement Product Any Product component part or other item replaced by SEQUOIA becomes the pr
9. attering data and other settings are not affected by the ZZ command Batch File Commands BP Print batch file to screen Syntax BP or bp Description Prints the current batch file to the screen Example Input BP Output A list of the all 25 batch file lines are displayed to the screen Cautions None BS Batch file Start command Syntax BS or bs Description Begins the execution of the batch file currently in memory Example Input BS Output Starting Batch Line 1 Cautions None CB Clear Batch file from memory Syntax CB or cb Description Erases batch file memory Example Input CB Cautions None LISST 25X User s Guide EB Exit Batch file Syntax EBoreb Description Batch file command Enter as last line of a batch file Example Cautions Only functions within batch files GT Go to batch command line x x 1 to 25 Syntax GT x or gt x Description Batch file command Transfers control to batch file command specified by x Example Cautions Only functions within batch files LB Load batch command line x with cmd string x 1 to 25 Syntax LB x command or Ib x command Description Loads batch file memory with desired command Example Input LB 01 GR 100 Output Batch file 1 GR 100 Cautions Batch file line number m
10. ctive cap from the underwater connector on the LISST 25X Attach the Communications cable to the connector making sure to align the pins Attach the other end of the Communications cable into the serial port of the PC NOTE Always replace the protective cap on the connector before deploying the instrument Execute the LISST 25 EXE program and press on the S button A terminal window will appear If you are using the program for the first time you may need to set the terminal window settings The default baud rate is 19200 with 8 data bits no parity and 1 stop bit Make sure that the proper communication port is selected These settings are accessed by choosing the Settings option of the File menu Clicking on the Serial Port tab will display the current settings The LISST 25X is shipped in its sleep mode or low power mode Every 10 seconds Deep Sleep Enter ZZ to wake up will be printed to the screen To wake the instrument zz must be sent within 2 seconds of the message being printed to the screen To wake the instrument enter zz in the box to the left ofthe Send button When the message is displayed click on the send button or press Enter The LISST 25X should respond with an L 25 gt gt prompt With the command box empty the instrument will respond with L25 gt gt prompt each time the lt enter gt key is pressed At the prompt enter DS to display the instruments status Text similar to the following should appear
11. e DS to display the current status Download and process the data using the LISST 25 software 2 4 LISST 25X Command Summary Display Commands Display battery voltage Display memory remaining Display time Display general help messages and command list wooo Setup Commands Hard Reboot to restore factory defaults time and internal calibrations and constants Reset to factory defaults settings Set samples per average equal to x SB x Set communications baud rate to x where x 300 600 1200 3400 4800 9600 19200 or 38400 Set Calibration Constant equal to x Set output format where x sample code Set output display mode to x code Set sample rate where x seconds between samples ST mm dd yyyy hh mm ss Set time and date where mm month dd day yyyy year hh hour 24 format mm minute ss seconds Example ST 01 05 2001 21 05 03 Acquisition Action Commands Grab and store samples as set rate Grab sample and store Grab sample and transmit it Acquire and store Zscat Go into deep sleep mode minimum power consumption LISST 25X User s Guide Batch File Commands Load batch command line x with cmd string x 01 to 25 Note command line must be two digits commands x times WEx Wait x seconds from last WE command Use WE 0 DENEN d Wait x seconds before returning LISST 25X User s Guide 2 5 LISST 25X Command Details Display Commands DB Display battery voltage Syn
12. e the necessary background measurements for later use If there is a problem such as dirty windows or optical misalignment messages will be displayed to the screen We can now add material to the water to take actual measurements of suspended solids Add the material and make sure it is well mixed At the prompt enter GX The date and time total volume mean size and optical transmission will be displayed to the screen The LISST 25X only measures volume not mass The instrument is shipped with a Calibration Constant that has been computed using a density of 1 The Calibration constant can be adjusted by using the command SC For example you can convert the standard units of micro liters per liter to milligrams liter by dividing the standard calibration constant by the density The LISST 25X is designed to be a self contained instrument One of the features that support this functionality is the ability to load and execute a list of commands A batch file of up to 25 commands can be loaded into memory Commands for creating loops both fixed length and continuous are also provided Start by loading the first line of the batch file with the command for displaying the status of the instrument DS Enter LB 01 DS This will load batch line 1 with the DS command The commands can be entered in either capital or lowercase letters The batch line value following the LB command MUST be two characters Let s add a few more l
13. ernational Sale of Goods will not apply CUSTOMER SEQUOIA Sequoia Scientific Inc By Title By Title LISST 25X User s Guide 26 Appendix E Alternate Communications Software The TFTOOLS for Windows software has been provided as an alternative the LISST 25 software It can be used to communicate with the instrument and download data It is also used during the hard reset procedure and for firmware upgrades Below are the procedures for using the TFTOOLS for Windows software Basic Operation The TFTOOLS program is primarily a terminal window for the instrument Before using the software for the first time check the serial port settings by choosing Serial Port from the CommPort menu Select a baud rate of 19200 and the correct serial port The LISST 25X should respond with a L25 gt gt prompt each time Enter is pressed The two letter commands for the instrument can be entered anytime this prompt is displayed Downloading Data To download data we must stop the running program Ifthe instrument is acquiring data or running a batch file type CTRL C hold down the CTRL key and press C This will stop the program and bring up the standard L25 gt gt prompt At the prompt type and press Enter This will stop the running firmware and bring up the prompt The prompt is the lowest level prompt where the firmware is loaded data is offloaded and where the datafile is erased Pressing enter will cause a to be dis
14. ery unique and Sequoia Scientific has obtained a patent on this concept Figure 1 below shows a schematic of the optical layout of the LISST 25X A Figure 1 Schematic of the optical path of the LISST 25X The laser is collimated by the small lens on the left The collimated laser light passes through the water Particles in the water scatter the light which is collected by the larger receive lens The specially shaped detectors are place at the focal plane of the lens The unscattered light passes through a small hole in the center of the detector and is measured by a photodiode as optical transmission The advantage of this approach is that the total volume concentration is obtained regardless of the size distribution For the LISST 25X the range of particles measured is 1 25 to 250 microns Too many particles outside this range will cause measurement errors An extremely heavy concentration of particles causes a condition called multiple scattering Multiple scattering arises when scattered light from particles is re scattered by other particles The theory used to convert the scattering measurements to a concentration value loses accuracy when there is multiple scattering When there is concern about the possibility of multiple scattering a general rule is that this effect occurs when the optical transmission has dropped to 30 of its clean water value As the transmission level drops below 30 the error in the measurement of concentratio
15. for the purpose of operating Products Customer will not use any such software for any other purpose modify adapt translate or create derivative works based on any such software or disassemble decompile or reverse engineer any such software No title to or ownership of any software or intellectual property rights are transferred to Customer 10 U S Government Restricted Rights Notice All software data technical information and written materials provided by SEQUOIA are provided with restricted rights Use duplication or disclosure by the government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at 48 C F R 252 227 7013 or in subparagraph c 2 of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at 48 C F R 52 227 19 as applicable Portions of these items may be unpublished SEQUOIA reserves all rights under applicable copyright laws 11 Controlling Document In the event of any conflict or inconsistency between any provision of this Statement of Limited Warranty and any other provision of the Order the provision of this Statement of Limited Warranty will control 12 Controlling Law This Statement of Limited Warranty will be governed by the laws of the State of Washington without reference to its rules relating to choice of law except to the extent preempted by the laws of the United States The U N Convention on Contracts for the Int
16. ines to setup this example Type in the following lines at the L25 gt gt prompt LB 02 GR 5 LB 03 WT 20 LB 04 GT 2 Line 2 will get 5 samples at the sample rate selected by the SR command LISST 25X User s Guide ni Step 11 Execute a batch file Step 12 Download stored data LISST 25X User s Guide display the results to the screen and store them in the flash ram datafile Line 3 will wait for 20 seconds before continuing to the next batch line Line 4 will return to batch line 2 This batch file will take data continuously until the memory fills or a CTRL C is entered To view the current contents of the batch file enter BP short for Batch Print The following text will be printed to the screen L25 gt gt L25 gt gt BP Batch File in Memory Line Command Line Command 1 14 15 16 17 18 25 Enter BS short for Batch Start to start the execution of the batch file As each sample is taken a green LED on the connector endcap will light This can be very useful in visually confirming that the instrument continues operating before deployment The batch file will continue until Stop button is pressed or a CTRL C is entered Stop or CTRL C will exit to the main prompt Enter a DM command The amount of samples stored in memory will be displayed to the screen To download the data choose Download from the LISST 25 menu Enter a file name for the binary file to be downloaded We s
17. instrument stands and set them Instrument from on a flat working surface Remove the LISST 25X from its case and set it shipping case on the stands The LISST 25X has two distinct ends that are referred to as the Optics endcap and the Connector endcap The connector endcap has an underwater connector that is used for communication and external power The internal batteries are mounted to a removable board that is accessed by unscrewing the connector endcap The optics endcap contains the optical windows that the laser beam passes through to take a measurement The internal optics and electronics are mounted to the inside of this endcap Step 2 Install test Remove horizontal test chamber from the shipping container This test chamber chamber allows the LISST 25X to be used and tested in the laboratory Insert the optics end of the instrument into the chamber Fill the chamber with clean filtered water Make sure there are no bubbles attached to the windows LISST 25X User s Guide wi Step 3 Install Communications software Step 4 Connect Communications cable Step 5 Establish communications with instrument Step 6 Display the instrument status LISST 25X User s Guide Install the communications software provided on the Software Disk by following the instructions printed on the disk label or in the README TXT file included on the disk Remove the Communications cable from the shipping container Remove the prote
18. l window Enter DS and press the Send button to display the current status The Time and Date will have been reset to Jan 1 1980 To reset the date and time click on the Clock button to reset the instrument time to the PC time Other parameters such as samples per average will also need to be reset to desired values The background scatter data will be reset to factory default values Therefore anew background must be recorded 11 After setting the parameters store 100 samples to memory and then erase the datafile It does not matter if there is water around the optics This step will store data to memory and flush out any temporary data storage The easiest way to store 100 samples is to issue a GR 100 command at the L25 gt gt prompt 12 The system is now ready for normal use LISST 25X User s Guide 24 Appendix D Warranty STATEMENT OF LIMITED EXTENDED WARRANTY This Statement of Limited Extended Warranty applies to the products Products being purchased by Customer from Sequoia Scientific Inc SEQUOIA pursuant to PO _ the Order The Products include but are not necessarily limited to the following LISST 25X Serial Number SEQUOIA and Customer agree as follows 1 Limited Warranty SEQUOIA warrants that upon delivery by SEQUOIA a the Products will be free from defects in materials and workmanship b the Products will perform substantially in accordance with SEQUOIA s applicable specifications and c any
19. mand Summary ae 11 2 5 LISST 25 Command Delalls ua 13 Appendix A Data file rei 21 AppendixB LISST 25X Reset 22 Appendix Warranty c m 24 Appendix Alternate Terminal 26 WARNING The LISST 25X contains a laser diode emitting a maximum of 5 mW of visible red light at a wavelength of 670nm The laser beam under normal circumstances is not a threat However if objects are placed in the path of the laser beam the light could be reflected into the eye causing permanent damage Technical assistance To obtain technical assistance please contact your local distributor or a Sequoia Technical Service Representative listed below Please be sure to include the serial number with any correspondence Factory Technical Service Representatives Chuck Pottsmith Email pottsmith sequoiasci com Tel 425 641 0944 ext 107 Doug Keir Email keir sequoiasci com Tel 425 641 0944 ext 104 Introduction The LISST 25X Laser Suspended Sediment Sensor provides a new level of accuracy in measuring the size and concentration of suspended sediment In situ measuring devices such as optical transmissometers optical backscatter and acoustic devices have a limitation whereby the signal is highly dependent on the size of the material being measured The easiest way to empha
20. me gt 63 micron Range Volume concentration in micro liters per liter ul l gt 63 Range Sauter Mean Diameter SMD in microns and the Depth in meters The format of the date and time is selectable within the LISST 25 program LISST 25X User s Guide 21 Appendix B Connector Pinouts for the LISST 25X Connector Manufacturer Impulse Enterprise Inc San Diego CA USA Connector Part Number Bulkhead MCBH 6 MP Stainless Steel Mating Cable Part Number MCIL 6 FS Connector Pin Use 1 Power Serial Ground External Power In 9V nom 6 12V Power Serial Ground Serial Out to DB 9 Pin 2 Serial In to DB 9 Pin 2 Not Used Din BR wy 208 Bulkhead Endview Cable Endview LISST 25X User s Guide 22 Appenidix C LISST 25X Reset Procedure 1 Confirm that a Hard Reset is required by eliminating all other possible sources of problems such as cable connections dead main battery or software conflicts 2 Connect Communications cable and start TFTOOLS communication program Verify that there is no response from the instrument If a prompt appears type ALT R to restart the program If prompt is present a reset will not be required 3 Remove connector endcap Newer instruments have a small hole in the cover plate with a reset switch located underneath Older instruments will require the removal of the cover plate to access the backup battery connector If required remove
21. me or cage For longer deployments it is recommend that the instrument be mounted horizontally This will keep the optical windows in a vertical orientation and thus reduce biofouling Step 5 Record a background scatter measurement Step 6 Program a Batch file Step 7 Deploy the instrument Step 8 Recover the instrument Step 9 Download and Process Data LISST 25X User s Guide Before deploying the instrument a background scatter measurement must be recorded Place a clean bag or the horizontal test chamber over the instrument and execute the ZS command Load the batch file with the desired commands using the LB command Display the batch file using the BP command Start the batch file with the BS command Disconnect the Communications cable Attach the connector plug and deploy the instrument The green LED on the endcap can be used to see if the instrument is still running as programmed Upon recovery rinse and dry the area around the connector endcap Reconnect the Communications cable If the instrument has been deployed for an extended period of time it is recommend that 9V be applied to the external power connector of the Communications cable This will supplement any remaining battery power and eliminate the possibility of batteries dying during downloading of the data Open the LISST 25 or TFTOOLS program and stop the running program by hitting the Stop button or by typing CTRL C Typ
22. n the preceding Getting Started section Prior to starting a field experiment check the battery voltage by using the DB command The battery voltage will be printed to the screen The batteries are mounted to a single card that can be accessed by removing the connector endcap The connector endcap is attached to the case using three 6 32 socket head cap screws To remove endcap remove the three screws and gently remove the endcap with a slight twisting motion Be careful not to pull the wires attached to the inside of endcap too far from the case The batteries are mounted to a card To replace the batteries remove the card by lifting on the white levers The card should slide out Replace the four 9 volt batteries and re insert the card Make sure the card fully engages the edge of the connector and that the white levers are locked in to place Standard Alkaline batteries are recommended Lithium 9V batteries can also be used to extend the battery life Clean and lightly grease the o ring and the sealing surfaces of the pressure cases Carefully insert the cables into the case and press the endcap on to the instrument making sure not to pinch any wires Replace the three 6 32 screws The o ring is a radial seal and is not dependent on the screws Therefore is not necessary to torque the screws The need only to be snug Do not overtighten as the stainless screws can damage the aluminum case if overtightened Mount the instrument to the fra
23. n will increase Similarly a very low concentration of particles will cause a noisy estimate of volume concentration and the mean size The LISST 25X will perform best when the optical transmission is between 95 and 30 over the 2 5cm path The LISST 25X is designed to be either a stand alone instrument or a complimentary sensor to a suite of instruments It contains a built in battery and datalogger It also has the ability to be externally commanded and powered By using simple two letter commands the user or master datalogger can control the instrument to take a sample and transmit the mean size and total concentration in calibrated units of microns and micro liters per liter LISST 25X User s Guide Operation 2 1 Introduction This section is designed to provide the user with quick access to the basic principles of operation including Field Deployment Section 2 3 Command Summary Section 2 4 and Command Details Section 2 5 in detailed step by step instructions 2 2 Getting Started Please check that the following items have been included in the LISST 25X shipping case LISST 25X instrument Operating Manual with software disk Plastic instrument stands 2 Communications cable Horizontal test chamber i S Contents of shipping en The LISST 25X Suspended Sediment Sensor is shipped ready to deploy It comes pre programmed and in sleep mode Step 1 Remove Begin by removing the two white plastic
24. ne if the data previously stored in memory has been downloaded If there is no data to download continue to the next step If the data has not been downloaded it will need to be downloaded using the TFTOOLS program Start the TFTOOLS program Make sure the LISST 25 Windows software is not running The L25 gt gt prompt should currently be displayed and respond to commands Type and press enter to bring up the prompt From the TattleTale menu select X lt MODEM offload A box showing the suggested number of bytes to download should appear To compute the number of bytes to download multiply the number of samples by 36 to obtain the total number of bytes to offload Enter this number in the box Select OK to bring up a File name dialog box Choose a file name and press OK to download the data Status of the download should be displayed on the screen After downloading the data select Run from the TattleTale menu to restart the program The standard display should be appearing on the panel 9 After downloading the datafile we will need to erase the datafile to reset the Memory pointers This can be done by using the Erase button of the Tattletale Note Executing the Erase Datafile command only resets the memory pointers to be beginning of the datafile It will not physically remove the previous data The data can be offloaded again until new data is stored to that location LISST 25X User s Guide 23 10 Open the LISST 25 Windows Program Termina
25. oaded from the LISST 25X is in a binary format This format is designed to be compatible with the earlier version LISST 25 Because the LISST 25X has two size classes two separate lines of data are stored in the LISST 25 format This causes the strange plotting behaviour in the LISST 25 EXE program Below is the binary file format and the processed ASCII file formats Binary Datafile format Each sample consists of the following values Date Year 10000 Month 100 Day Time Hour 10000 Minute 100 Seconds Vol Full Range Volume Concentation 1000 Size Full Range Sauter Mean Diameter 1000 Tau Optical transmission 1000 Vol sub gt 63 micron Range Volume Concentation 1000 Size sub gt 63 micron Range Sauter Mean Diameter 1000 Depth depth in meters 100 The values are stored in the following order using the specified number of bytes Date 4 bytes Time 4 bytes Vol 4 bytes Size 4 bytes Tau 2 bytes Date 4 bytes Time 4 bytes Vol sub 4 bytes Size sub 4 bytes Depth 2 bytes Processed ASCII Datafile format The files processed by the LISST 25 EXE software will have the following format Each sample will be stored as two lines having the exact date and time The first row will contain the following Date Time Full Range Volume concentration in micro liters per liter Full Range Sauter Mean Diameter SMD in microns and the Optical transmission The second row will contain the following values Date Ti
26. ompt should be displayed The TFTOOLS program can also be used to load new firmware Procedure for loading new firmware will be provided with the new firmware upgrade LISST 25X User s Guide 27
27. ons The factory calibration is in units of volume micro liters per liter LISST 25X User s Guide SR Set sample rate Syntax SRx or srx where x seconds between samples If no value follows command prompts will be displayed Description The GR command acquires data at a fixed rate detriment by the SR command The number of seconds between samples is set Example input SR 5 Cautions Check that the sample rate is not faster than the time it takes to acquire an averaged sample ST Set time and date Syntax ST mm dd yyyy hh mm ss or st mm dd yyyy hh mm ss Where mm month dd day yyyy year hh hour 24 format mm minute ss seconds If no values follow the ST or st command prompts for entering the time and date will be displayed Description The LISST 25X has a built in clock that must be reset after each power reset or power up See Also DT Display Time command Example input ST 01 05 2001 21 05 03 Cautions The clock resets to 12 00 am 1 1 80 upon powering up Acquisition Action commands GR Grab and store samples as set rate Syntax GR x or gr x Where x number of samples to acquire Description Acquires x averaged samples at fixed rate set by the SR command Example Input GR 3 Output Vol SMD Trans gt 63 Vol gt 63 SMD Depth Sample 1 5 56 130 56 0 78 1 26 150 24 2 56 Sample 2 5 87 1
28. operty of SEQUOIA 3 Infringement Indemnification If any Product does not comply with the warranty set forth in 1 c above SEQUOIA will defend and indemnify Customer against any third party claim asserted in any proceeding against Customer based on this noncompliance provided that Customer gives SEQUOIA prompt written notice of the claim SEQUOIA has exclusive control over the defense and settlement of the claim Customer provides such assistance as SEQUOIA may request in connection with the defense and settlement of the claim in which event SEQUOIA will reimburse the reasonable out of pocket costs incurred by Customer to provide such assistance Customer does not settle the claim without the prior written consent of SEQUOIA and upon SEQUOIA s request Customer returns the Non Complying Product to SEQUOIA for modification replacement or a refund of the purchase price paid by Customer to SEQUOIA for the Non Complying Product less a reasonable allowance for Customer s use prior to return 4 Exclusive Warranties THE WARRANTIES SET FORTH IN PARAGRAPH 1 ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED SEQUOIA DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY ARISING FROM COURSE OF PERFORMANCE COURSE OF DEALING OR USAGE OF TRADE OTHER THAN THOSE SPECIFICALLY SET FORTH IN PARAGRAPH 1
29. play options for viewing the data Step 16 Print Preview and Print data formatting the date and time allows the file to be compatible with a variety of programs such as Matlab and Excel The scales and appearance of the plots can be changed by selecting the Settings option from the Display menu A window similar to the one below will appear Display Settings Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry LISST Sequoia Scientific Inc a Select the Save values as Default box to store the setting for future use Select Print Preview from the File menu to display a preview of the page to be printed A screen similar to the one shown below will appear If the plot is too large for the page its size can be adjusted using the value for Plot Window Width in the Settings control window acessed from the Display menu has Lisst25 L25_test LISST 25X User s Guide 2 3 Field Deployment Procedure Introduction Step 1 Check Battery voltage and replace if required Step 2 Replace batteries Step 3 Re install the endcap Step 4 Mount the instrument LISST 25X User s Guide This section is designed to introduce the procedures required for deploying the LISST 25X It gives step by step instructions to setup and deploy the instrument in the field The steps presented here assume that the user has learned the basic operating procedures covered i
30. played In this mode the instrument will not respond to standard commands To download the data choose Xmodem Offload from the TattleTale menu A window will appear showing the number of bytes store in memory and the number of bytes to offload By default the number of bytes to offload will be set to the bytes stored in memory However a different value may be entered Each LISST 25X sample uses 36 bytes After selecting the number of bytes to offload press OK and select the name of the file to store the data to We suggest an extension of DAT for raw binary datafiles After downloading the data it will need to be converted to an ASCII file by the LISST 25 software The file can also read in to Matlab using special M file functions Erase Datafile After downloading data you can reset the memory pointers back to zero This is done by selecting the Erase Datafile option from the TattleTale menu This must be done while the instrument is at the prompt It should be noted that this only resets the pointers to the beginning of the datafile It does not actually erase the data The data will remain there until it is overwritten This is true even if all power is remove from the datalogger Therefore it is possible to still download data even after erasing the datafile Restarting Firmware After downloading data or erasing datafile the firmware can be restarted by typing Alt R or by choosing the Run option from the TattleTale menu The L25 gt gt pr
31. r of ten in concentration measurements for these single parameter sensors The advantage of the LISST instruments are that they simultaneously measure the scattered light a many angles and thus can automatically compensate for changes in the distribution Sequoia s initial laser instrument the LISST 100 Particle Size Analyzer was developed to provide detailed measurements of size distribution and concentration of particles in situ In many studies the detailed size distributions are not required Only accurate measurements of the total mass concentration are required The LISST 25X was developed to provide this specific measurement The LISST 25X is based on the same principles of laser light scattering as the LISST 100 The Mie theory of light scattering suggests that collimated laser light illuminating particles will scatter most of its energy at particular angles Small particles scatter their energy at larger angles and large particles at smaller angles By recording the scattering at different angles the LISST 100 can mathematically invert the scattering to find the size distribution and concentration of particles in the water The LISST 25X User s Guide LISST 25X obtains the mean size and total concentration using a different approach By weighting the scattering in a particular way the total area concentration and total volume concentration can be obtained The ratio of volume and area gives the mean size This technique is v
32. red averaged sample to the screen in the same format as the command The sample will be from the last GR GS or GX command Example Input XS Output 5 30 2001 23 54 34 5 34 125 56 0 65 5 30 2001 23 54 34 2 56 156 78 2 56 Format is date time full range concentration full range mean size and percent transmission The second line s format is date time gt 63 micron range concentration gt 63 micron range mean size and depth in meters Notes XS command only transmits the last sample acquired ZS Acquire and store Zscat Syntax ZS or zs Description Acquires background scatter data and stores it in memory for future use Example Input ZS Output Ifthe background is not within specifications warning messages will be printed to the screen Cautions The background will only be saved in memory while power is applied The background resets to the factory default upon power reset or power up LISST 25X User s Guide ZZ Go into deep sleep mode minimum power consumption Syntax ZZ or ZZ Description Sends LISST 25X in to low power sleep mode Instrument will wake up every 10 seconds and wait for a response If there is no response with in 2 seconds the instrument will return to sleep mode Example Input ZZ Output Deep Sleep Enter zz to wake up Deep Sleep Enter zz to wake up Deep Sleep Enter zz to wake up Cautions The background sc
33. size this limitation is to describe a simple experiment Start by filling one glass container with a known mass of fine material and a known amount of water Place an equal mass of coarse sand into the same amount of water in a second glass container Both containers will have the same mass concentration If you stir the solutions and look through the glass containers you will see that light can easily pass through the container with the larger material The container with fine material is much cloudier if not opaque This difference is due to completely different optical transmission and optical backscatter properties Similarly the acoustic properties are greatly different The commonly used single parameter sensors noted above will record two very different values for the same concentration The example just described uses a large change in sizes to emphasize this point Many users of sensors other than the LISST 25X have gone to great lengths to try to calibrate their instruments Many use bottom samples at the site of interest to calibrate their sensors This calibration will provide a constant that produces a linear response to concentration However the problem with this approach is that the sample used for calibration may or may not be what is seen in the water column The size distribution can change dramatically by the location both horizontal and vertical or over time Small changes in the size distribution can cause errors up to a facto
34. tax DB or db Description Display main battery voltage to the screen Units are in volts If battery voltage is below the suggested level a warning will be displayed Example input DB results Battery voltage 8 98 volts Cautions Using the instrument with voltage levels below recommended levels could result in unreliable data DM Display memory remaining Syntax DM or dm Description The memory of the LISST 25X is non volatile EEPROM As data is written to memory the amount of available memory can be accessed by the DM command The amount of available memory is then displayed The units will be in number of samples Example input DM output Memory available 28103 samples See also The DS Display Status command will also show the number of bytes available in the data file DS Display current status information Syntax DS ords Description The instrument settings and status are displayed to the screen Example input DS output Current Status of LISST 25X LISST 25X Serial 25 001 Maximum Memory 28103 Samples Memory used 0 Samples Memory Available 28103 Samples Samples per Average 10 Calibration Constant 17500 Sample Rate 1 Background File Date Time 02 23 99 12 03 23 Battery Voltage 9 23 Current Date 3 23 99 Current Time 23 34 45 LISST 25X User s Guide
35. uggest using an extension of dat The data will remain in memory until the Erase option of the LISST 25 menu is executed Step 13 View downloaded data with LISST25 EXE windows program Step 14 Select output options for the downloaded data Once the data has been downloaded the binary file can be converted to an ASCII file using the LISST25 EXE program The LISST25 EXE program will also display the results to the screen Start the program and select Open Raw Data File from the File menu Select the file to be opened A display similar to the one shown below will be displayed Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry LISST M Volume Concentration mi tl M a Sauter Mean Diameter e micron Transmission Data Record Sequoia Scientific Inc Special Note Because the LISST 25X has data for two size classes the two windows will be opened One window will contain the Volume Concentration and Sauter Mean Size for the full size range and the other window will contain the Concentration and Sauter Mean Size for the sub range In order to save the file to an ASCH file the correct setting must be selected in the Output Options window as shown below mm Options After making and accepting these selections an ASCII file with the same name and an extension of LOG will be created The options for LISST 25X User s Guide Step 15 Select dis
36. ust be two digits and command must included required input values RP and ER Repeat code between RP and ER end repeat commands Syntax RP x or rp x and ER or er Description Batch file command A simple loop command for batch files Executes the lines between the RP and ER lines Example Batch filelines RP 5 GR 100 WT 300 ER The GR and WT commands will be executed 5 times LISST 25X User s Guide WE Wait exactly x seconds from last WE command before returning Syntax WExorwex Description Wait x seconds from end of last WE command before returning to batch file processing WE 0 can be used to reset timer Example Batch file lines WE 0 RP 5 GR 100 WE 300 ER The above example will store a 5 bursts of 100 samples every 300 seconds The WE 0 command is only executed once The during the loop the previous WE 300 command is used to reset the timer for the next WE 300 command Cautions If the wait time specified has already elapsed a warning message will be printed to the screen Make sure that the time required to acquire the averaged samples is shorter than the desired wait time WT Wait x seconds before returning Syntax WT x or wt x Description Wait x seconds before returning to batch file processing Example See the above example in the RP command description Cautions None LISST 25X User s Guide Appendix A Data File Formats The raw data offl
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