Asteroid User`s manual
Contents
1. Attaching to PBX Astefisk ii and 16 o A E A ee net 16 6 2 Attaching Asteroid to Asterisk by Eth rnet 2 id td a 16 6 3 Zaptel SYNCOTONIZA O id ds 17 6 3 1 Synchronizing Zaptel Asteroid is master 18 6 3 1 Synchronizing Zaptel Asteroid is slave cise ns execs parse ease eee 18 AZUR send aes odes ceded ae ee 19 6 5 Attaching bank to The Asterisk iia ados arica ins auendhedaghancucdectendstavetbes 19 6 6 Attaching bank to PBX iii A nd dis 20 67 Parches Or Zap TS E E S 21 Y Update TIA A A a A A 21 8 ASteroid deliyery ii is 21 Appendix A Application SCh MES iia 22 Corporate PBX with VOIP connections eves Ri 22 Appendix B Example of zaptel conf Te ia 22 Appendix C Asteroid zaptel steps to CHECK sssesesssessesssseesseesseeeseeesseessersseessseessseessresseessseesseesssets 23 Asteroid user s manual 1 Introduction The channel bank is a 19 1U height unit It consists of four 8 port FXS or FXO modules Asteroid can be used for attaching up to 30 telephone clients to the traditional PBX or to the Asterisk CallWeaver It can be connected to the traditional PBX with the help of El interface Connection with Asterisk can be made through Ethernet port using TDMoE protocol In both cases the channel bank realizes Loop Start signalization subset of CAS family signalizations Further in the text we assume Asterisk and CallWeaver to be equivalent Asteroid 7 EE ARES H Zaptel 8 lines Asteri2. for zaptel The download page http www parabel labs com download contains patched version of zaptel recommended for smooth work with TDMoE devices These patches are not mandatory if you have installed only one TDMOE device So you can use standard zaptel package for one Asteroid device 7 Updating firmware To update firmware 1 determine your device modification the upper string of the monitor screen 2 download the correspondent firmware and programmer software 3 attach console cable and reload the device wait for 5 seconds 4 on the host PC use command flashrs232 i dev ttyS0 w f asteroid bin to upload the new firmware 5 check the firmware release For example in the heap of the monitor screen the following string should be displayed Firmware Asteroid OxB Revision XXX 6 if the previous strep is successful the device is updated with a new firmware and is ready for work 8 Asteroid delivery The device is shipped with the following accessories e Asteroid 1 e Console cable RJ11 DB9 1 e CD disk with documentation 1 21 Asteroid user s manual Appendix A Application schemes Corporate PBX with VOIP connection Channel Bank ASTEROID a Asterisk to VOIP provider or remote office ELF2 AE El UKM 30 ps El HKM 30 Ethernet ELF2 AE Switch In this scheme the office can be connected to the IP telephony provider or corporate VOIP network The advantages of VOIP can be exploi
3. framing Off El framing is present G 704 frames LOM Lost Of Multiframe On No CAS multiframe Off CAS multiframe is present LOC Lost Of CRC4 On Bad CRC4 framing Off CRC4 framing ok RAIS Remote Alarm On No El frame at peer side Indication Signal Off El frame ok at peer side FrErr Frame Errors XX Y Y Y Y XX 8 bits frame errors counter YY YY 16 bits CRC4 errors counter Table 8 El status information Field Transcript Comment SkipErr Skipped errors The number of TDMOE packets the average rate of TDMoK is higher than internal TDM rate SlipErr Slipped errors The number of doubled TDMoE packets the average rate of TDMOE is below than internal TDM rate RxNuErr Received Numeration Errors The number of TDMoE sequence mismatches mac MAC address The Ethernet MAC address of Asteroid Table 9 TDMoE status information Field Transcript Comment B Busy Hook off on the FXS port R Ringing Ring from FXO port Notes Table 10 FXS FXO ports status The general device status and El TDMoE stream presence is signalized by relay contacts see Table 6 DC socket pinout 1 Status is refreshed after pressing the key on the keyboard 2 Error counters are cleared after choosing menu Status Clear When using Ethernet port LOS LOF fields are corresponded to TDMoE stream converted to the internal El SkipErr or SlipErr counters are incremented because of erroneous clock source for zaptel and Asteroid Simultaneous increment of Slip
4. registered after starting ztefg utility SPAN is registered after loading device driver The dynamic field describes connection with Asteroid and data packaging order to TDMoE packets Parameters are separated by commas The example of dynamic field is shown in Appendix B The first parameter of dynamic field is the name of network interface which should be used for connection with Asteroid The second parameter defines MAC Ethernet address of Asteroid device This address must be the same as defined in console menu If the server is connected to several Asteroid devices each of them must have a separate MAC address and a separate dynamic field The third parameter defines the number of channel intervals provided by Asteroid Note that anytime the same number of voice channels is transmitted between Asterisk server and Asteroid This number is 30 even if some channels are not used for telephony The value of the third field also defines the format of signaling bits in TDMoKE packets The forth parameter defines the device priority as a synchronizing source for ztdynamic driver 16 Asteroid user s manual Note that timeslots in Asterisk have global enumeration For example two Asteroid devices correspond to channels 1 30 and 31 60 The previously defined configuration is stored in zaptel conf file To write configuration ztcfg program is used After receiving settings zaptel starts data transmitting to Asteroid using MAC address def
5. total system cost Asteroid order codes Asteroid OL4S DC 30 FXS ports 36 72V DC Asteroid 4L0S DC 30 FXO ports 36 72V DC Asteroid 1L3S DC 8 FXO ports 22 FXS ports 36 72V DC Asteroid OL45 AC 30 FXS ports 220 V AC Asteroid 4LOS AC 30 FXO ports 220 V AC Asteroid 1L3S AC 8 FXO ports 22 FXS ports 220 V AC Asteroid OL4S DC E1 30 FXS ports 36 72V DC El port Asteroid 4L0S DC E1 30 FXO ports 36 72V DC El port Asteroid 1L3S DC E1 8 FXO ports 22 FXS ports 36 72V DC El port Asteroid OL45 AC El 30 FXS ports 220 V AC El port Asteroid 4L0S AC E1 30 FXO ports 220 V AC El port Asteroid 1L3S AC E1 8 FXO ports 22 FXS ports 220 V AC El port Table 1 Order codes In all variants Ethernet port is present 1 1 TDMoE module internals For converting TDM bus to packets data is collected in one of two DB buffers see Figure 2 The data from other previously filled buffer is passed to Ethernet using TDMOE format One Ethernet packet contains 8 TDM frames The corresponded packet rate is 1 kHz Asteroid user s manual FRAcIk EltxCIk i 4 Ring buffer Ethernet RB Rx TDM Ethernet bus Double buffer Ethernet DB Tx Figure 2 TDMoE module structure For reverse conversion TDMOE packets are collected in the ring buffer RB with volume of 8 packets 8 30 8 bits The structure of the buffer is shown on Figure 3 The PntW pointer marks the following free buffer fo
6. Asteroid The channels bank for Asterisk CallWeaver User s manual Version 1 2 03 02 2009 Asteroid user s manual PARABEL ltd ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ASTEROID USER S MANUAL VERSION 1 2 APRIL 2008 PARABEL LIMITED P O BOX 126 NOVOSIBIRSK 90 RUSSIAN FEDERATION Web http parabel labs com Email info O parabel ru Phone Fax 7 383 2138707 Asteroid user s manual Attention It is not recommended to use this product on physical lines without lightning protectors Asteroid user s manual Table of contents Ve Introductions un heeded unease eae Mier an int te anna 5 11 TDMOE module inter tials is 6 o COMME LION notes MAA O UN ages an vagaries 8 2 Technical characteristics an cto a 8 A A a Ea AA EEE E Ee eee 8 2 2 E parameters iins sisri ee aE ias 8 PA A N BINTE E EE EPEE E E E EEEE EE E ET 9 2 4 FX Sand FXO ports parameters aii A AA al eee alas eee 9 2 3 Console port parameters RS232 sisi ii iia aiei orti ensi anaia asi ran sioi a iii peda 9 Bank installation ea a a o e o tl R 9 3 1 Sockets indicators S WI COES iii eiii 9 A O 10 4 Device COMMA UA OM iia 12 4 1 Connecting CONSOLE oi essed casisastaaceaibecads rta alada arcaicas 12 4 2 The m in configuration mMenu ciinei tenias 12 4 3 Gener l seting ii 12 4 4 El port settings is 13 A EXS EXO ports settings is 13 4 6 Saving and restoring PAM A A 14 4 1 Testing and diagnostie O ES 14 DEVICE monitorit e tated eas e e al ld ld 14 6
7. C Storage and transportation temperatures 40 C to 70 C Humidity Less then 80 Power voltage DC socket 48 72V Power voltage AC socket 220V 20 Dry contacts 0 2A 72V DC 2 2 E1 parameters Parameter Value Connector type RJ45 8 pins Cable type Symmetrical twisted pair 120 ohm Nominal pulse voltage 3 V 10 Data transmission speed 2048 kbit s 50 ppm Coding AMI HDB3 Signal attenuation not more 40 db See 4 3 General settings Asteroid user s manual Corresponding standard ITU G 703 G 704 G 706 G 732 G 823 Pulse form Rec G 703 Phase jitter Rec G 823 Frame structure Rec G 704 2 3 Ethernet parameters Parameter Value Connector type RJ45 8 pins Cable type Symmetrical twisted pair UTP Data transmission speed mbit s 100 Corresponding standard IEEE 802 3 Work modes Duplex Half duplex Auto negotiation 2 4 FXS and FXO ports parameters Coding PCM A law ITU T G 711 PCM u law PUB 43801 Nominal signal level 0 dBm 0 5 dB Nominal line impedance 600 Ohm Echoed signal 300 3400 Hz FXS Less than 20 dB Echoed signal 300 3400 Hz FXO Less than 12 dB Gain frequency variation respectively to 1 kHz in range 300 3400 Hz 1dB Noise level Less than 47 dBm Loop current FXS 20 mA Ring voltage FXS 100 V peak to p
8. Err and SkipErr points to the high Ethernet loading or incorrect interrupts processing in PC 15 Asteroid user s manual 6 Attaching to PBX Asterisk 6 1 Introduction As was said earlier Asteroid is a bank of channels and can be connected to the PBX by El port or to Asterisk by Ethernet port Consider PBX and Asterisk settings in the following pages Asteroid can be attached to the Asterisk by El link too but this is a variation of the first case It is worth to note that we mean Zaptel version 1 4 9 2 with patches of Parabel company see http parabel ru download See 6 7 Patches for zaptel chapter for details 6 2 Attaching Asteroid to Asterisk by Ethernet Physical connection between Asteroid and Asterisk server is performed by Ethernet link with the help of TDMoE protocol On the kernel level Asterisk and telephone equipment is interacted through zaptel driver For example TDMOE support is realized in the ztdynamic and ztd eth modules parts of zaptel package Linux kernel space Linux userspace zaptel subsystem ztdynamic module zaptel meen Asterisk registering CallWeaver hdlc device ads PPP dev zap Cisco HDLC Frame relay Ethernet TDMoX Linux network stack Figure 9 Internal zaptel architecture The Asteroid device corresponds Dynamic SPAN the timeslots range described by the keyword dynamic in the zaptel conf file Unlike SPAN Dynamic SPAN is dynamically
9. The error counters should not increment Remind again about the FXO FXS ports translation to the TDMOoE channels FXS FXO ports 1 15 17 31 correspond to TDMoE channels 1 15 16 30 So ports O and 16 are not available The data flow from zaptel to Asterisk is configured in zapata conf file It is a general rule in Asterisk to select the FXS FXO signalization type as in peer side For example Asteroid s FXO port should have the fxs_ls type callerid From PSTN echocancel yes rxgain 3 0 txgain 6 0 signalling fxs_ls context call_from_pstn channel 8 15 In the above example of Zapata conf file Asterisk will process calls from channels 8 15 with FXS Loop Start configuration with echo cancel off The calls will be processed in the call_from_pstn context In the reverse direction settings are configured in the extensions conf file Dial Zap 2 macros make call to the channel 2 6 6 Attaching bank to PBX With the help of El port Asteroid can be connected to the PBX or Asterisk In El stream Asteroid uses Loop Start signalization a variation of CAS signalization family Channel Associated Signaling 20 Asteroid user s manual Asteroid should be configured for El mode see 4 Device configuration Also FXS FXO modes should be configured A u law master slave and so on Then PBX should be configured to support Loop Start FXO FXS modes should be selected for the corresponding ports 6 7 Patches
10. d lines status In the lower part of the screen the current menu is printed see Figure 6 Asteroid monitor v0 30 19 11 2007 Updates http parabel ru Firmware Asteroid 0xB Revision 0x3 Temperature C 27 El A Cfg Line code HDB3 Clock Internal CRC4 On Slots 0 ALaw FXS 1 ALaw FXO 2 ALaw FXS 3 ALaw FXS El A status LOS Off LOF Off LOM Off LOC 0ff RAIS 0ff FrErr 0 0 TDMoE status SkipEr 0 SlipEr 0 RxNuEr 0 lt gt mac 005555555500 ES IA 12315 TO ie Bi aL FXO FXS state BBBBBBB Configuration gt gt Status gt gt Test gt gt Start bootloader Reset Figure 6 The main menu To choose menu points use number 0 9 Other keys are ignored For exit to the upper menu level press 0 4 3 General settings Configuration Common VCO setting PLL parameters VCO 0 no frequency regulation VCO 1 frequency regulation with 40 ppm limit 12 Asteroid user s manual VCO 2 frequency regulation with 80 ppm limit VCO 80 diagnostic mode SkipErr field will display maximal interval between Ethernet packets in microseconds PLL nominal frequency 2048000 Hz PLL works only with TDMoE stream and if Configuration E1 Clock source Internal Configuration Common MAC setting Ethernet MAC address Configuration Common Relay is not supported in this release Configuration Common Full duplex turn on or turn off the full duplex mode for Etherne
11. e channel is included in the network device see nethdlc string in the zaptel conf For correct data processing Zaptel driver needs a reliable primary clock source The clock source is a hardware device It can be a dynamic SPAN or an internal PC timer In the latter case the timer is presented as a virtual SPAN produced by ztdummy driver Ztdummy driver functions as a virtual hardware card submitting 0 channels to the Zaptel The ztdummy uses RTC interrupts with even clock rate So for smooth synchronization it is recommended to load ztdummy with parameter rtc_rate 4096 The algorithm of choosing clock source is the following 1 Each SPAN configuration for example adding SPAN removing SPAN produces a new arbitrage The first registered SPAN without errors and with a valued number of timeslots 1s assigned as a new master 2 In other cases ztdummy SPAN is assigned as master Note that 1 The timing field in the string span has no influence on master arbitrage This field is a recommendation for the adapter driver how to configure the adapter synchronization 2 The hardware adapters with SPANs have higher priority than ztdynamic devices 3 The ztdynamic devices can be clock masters or clock slaves Now consider the TDMoE devices synchronization These devices are serviced by ztdynamic and ztd eth drivers The ztdynamic driver has a separate synchronization system 7 In Linux gt 2 6 22 ztdummy uses high resolu
12. eak 20 Hz 2 5 Console port parameters RS232 Parameter Value Work mode Asynchronous 8N1 Data speed kbit s 38400 Flow control No Electrical signals parameters Rec ITU V 28 3 Bank installation 3 1 Sockets indicators switches There are the following features on the face panel left to right 4 FXS FXO modules J1 J4 Reset switch Alarm led red light alarm 6 pin console socket RJ 11 8 pin Ethernet socket RJ 45 Ethernet link led Ethernet Activity led 8 pin El socket RJ 45 Asteroid user s manual The bank of FXO FXS Figure 4 Face panel There are the following features on the back panel left to right e Power socket AC 220V e Fuse e Power switch e Fan e Grounding contact e Power socket DC 48 72V 3 2 Sockets description Figure 5 Back panel Pin Net 1 RX 2 RX 3 4 TX 5 TX 6 7 8 Ground Table 2 E1 pinout Pin Net 1 TX 2 TX 3 RX 4 5 6 RX 7 8 Table 3 Ethernet pinout 10 e Asteroid user s manual Net Pin Line O tip 1 Line 0 ring 14 Line 1 tip 2 Line 1 ring 15 Line 2 tip 3 Line 2 ring 16 Line 3 tip 4 Line 3 ring 17 Line 4 tip 5 Line 4 ring 18 Line 5 tip 6 Line 5 ring 19 Line 6 tip 7 Line 6 ring 20 Line 7 tip 8 Line 7 ri
13. emale socket FXO modules have a 25 pin male socket Configuration Coding law Slot N coding law for corresponding module A law or u law 13 Asteroid user s manual 4 6 Saving and restoring parameters Configuration Factory restoring factory settings the current settings will be lost Configuration Restore loading settings from flash memory Configuration Save saving current settings to flash memory 4 7 Testing and diagnostic tools Test E1 Lloop turn on internal loopback on El port Figure 7 El Tx Rx Figure 7 Lloop mode Test E1 Rloop turn on remote loopback on the El port Figure 8 El Figure 8 Rloop mode Test E1 TAOS transmit El alarm signal all 1 Test E1 Freq measure El receive carrier relative to internal oscillator Test Port Port N choosing FXS FXO port for tests Port 0 must be set after tests Test Port Line ring Turn on ring for FXS modules Test Port Line hook Hook on off for FXO modules Test Port E1 tx hook send to the El or Ethernet TDMoE ports the hook on off signaling 5 Device monitoring The status information is displayed in heap of screen menu Field Transcript Values Comment LOS Lost Of Signal On No El carrier Off El carrier is present no alarm 14 Asteroid user s manual LOF Lost Of Frame On No El
14. etexec are tasklet counters software irqs e txerrors is a counter of missed tasklets The increments of this counter indicate the high system load or glued Ethernet packets e slip is a repeated packets counter The counter is incremented if the transmit TDMoE packets rate is higher than the receive TDMOE rate e skip is a missed packets counter The counter is incremented if the transmit TDMOE packets rate is lower than the receive TDMOE rate e rxnuerr is a counter of the packets numeration errors Each loss of Ethernet packet causes increment of this counter The values of these counters are not mandatory 0 The synchronization is not correctly configured only if these counters are incremented 6 5 Attaching bank to the Asterisk For attaching Asteroid to Asterisk via Ethernet port it is necessary to do the following 1 Connect Asteroid to Asterisk server See 3 Bank installation Be sure that Link Led is light up 2 Configure Asteroid save configuration See 4 Device configuration 3 Configure zaptel and Asterisk Consider Asteroid configuration in detail First assign MAC address for the Asteroid The address should be unique Then set TDMoE mode Configuration Common TDM Over Ethernet 19 Asteroid user s manual On select synchronization mode Configuration E1 Clock source and Configuration Common V CO choose types of installed modules Configuration Slots Slot N FXS FXO and codecs la
15. ied by a fax or a modem the lost of data portion may occur Effective speed of connection will be lower To eliminate slips Asterisk should be synchronized to Asteroid The second possibility to eliminate slips is to enable PLL regulator FRAclk In this case El port should have clock internal setting The regulator is controlled by ring buffer pointers If PntW and PntR difference is equal to 4 EltxCIK is equal to the internal quartz frequency divided by 12 24576 12 2048 kHz When the difference has other values the E1txClk period is shortened or extended once per In the mode TDM Over Ethernet TDM bus takes role of internal El port 7 Asteroid user s manual millisecond by value 40 ns VCO The configuration parameter VCO can be defined by user as 0 no regulation 1 regulation with frequency difference less than 40 ppm or 2 regulation with frequency difference less than 80 ppm If VCO 1 the jitter at 125 hz of the transmit stream is equal to 0 08UI if VCO 2 then jitter equals 0 16UI Both values satisfy ITU recommendation G 823 The VCO parameter has one more diagnostic application If VCO 80 the statistic field SkipErr will display the maximal period between Ethernel packets in microseconds When Asterisk is first time started or there are problems with bank synchronization it is recommended to measure this period If the period is more than 1500 the jitter of Ethernet packets is large This can be cau
16. ined in the configuration After receiving data stream from the server Asteroid starts transmitting in the opposite direction 6 3 Zaptel synchronization The following basic terms are used e Adapter is a board installed in PCI slot for PC connection with several data streams El FXO FXS e SPAN is the range of timeslots corresponding to the given data port in zaptel driver SPAN is created by the driver of hardware device SPAN is configured in the file zaptel conf by string span e Dynamic SPAN is the range of timeslots corresponding to the given TDMoE device Dynamic SPAN is created dynamically by ztcfg utility and configured by dynamic string in zaptel conf file Zaptel driver has two functions it provides data and synchronization for Asterisk Asterisk needs synchronization mainly for conferences Zaptel synchronization is one of the most important moments for the successful Asterisk installation The true Zaptel configuration means choosing the main and reserve clock sources In Zaptel driver the voice is processed as streams not as packets This circumstance defines the importance of synchronization tuning For example if two streams are not synchronized the data passed between them will be lost It is not acceptable for faxes and modems especially The speed of errors depends on frequency mismatch for the given data streams Zaptel synchronization for a given channel is not very important in one case if th
17. l from PBX and dial number The tone dialing is passed through without processing Microcontroller is used for setting parameters displaying the status information and firmware loading Asteroid user s manual Consider Asteroid and Asterisk interaction over Ethernet Asteroid transmits TDMoE packets through Ethernet Packets received by the server go to the Zaptel driver If necessary it cancels the echo and passes the voice and signalization to Asterisk Processing these data Asterisk functions like a traditional PBX or VOIP In the reverse direction Zaptel driver receives voice and signalization from Asterisk packs them to TDMoE packets and transmits the packets to Ethernet To sum up Asteroid delivers voice and signalization between FXS FXO and Ethernet E1 ports not touching the signalization logic itself The signaling logic is processed by Asterisk or by any other PBX connected to Asteroid The four 8 channel FXS FXO cards provide 32 telephone ports but only 30 ports are available The reason is the structure of El frame El stream uses channel intervals 0 and 16 for frame signaling and ABCD bits encoded state of telephone lines The corresponded ports 0 and 16 can t be used It is worth mentioning that while using Ethernet connection the channel bank can be hot replaced without Asterisk server restarting If Asterisk server is reserved by the second server both of them can use common pull of Asteroid banks This reduces the
18. ng 21 Ground 13 Ground 25 Table 4 J1 J4 pinout FXS FXO modules Warning Do not use the port 0 of jacks J1 and J3 FXS FXO lines 0 and 16 See 4 5 FXS FXO ports settings for the details Pin Net Direction 1 RXD Out 2 TXD In 3 GND 4 GND 5 6 Table 5 Console pinout Pin Net Direction 1 5 OV In 2 6 48 72V In 3 7 Relay 1 Out 4 8 Relay 2 Out Table 6 DC socket pinout 3 J1 pinout is presented For J2 line numeration is started from line 8 for J3 from line 16 for J4 from line 24 Protecting ground 11 Asteroid user s manual 4 Device configuration 4 1 Connecting console The console port is connected to COM port of compute with the help of the converting cable RJ 11 gt DB 9 The terminal program should be started on the computer with parameters 38400 8b 1s np flow control off 4 2 The main configuration menu After the power is on or reset Asteroid prints the main menu to the console and waits for a command To configure the channel bank user should walk through the hierarchical menu system and choose the necessary parameters After parameters modification settings should be saved in non volatile memory There is the dedicated menu point for this Screen is separated into two parts In the upper part the following information is displayed e Software release e Firmware release e The major settings an
19. r writing and incremented by one when the new packet is received In the same time the data is extracted from the ring buffer and passed to the TDM bus The PntR pointer marks the following packet for reading and incremented by one after current buffer transmitting to the TDM bus PntW PntW Pntw Tr ATT TN oo T e gt Pi a Ka NN PON INI lo et RP 6NI A1 t AR xd A 2 j ye e 2 A 5 A 2 Y A 2 PntR 7 WN SS pntR NV i Pa e PntR gt Figure 3 Ring buffer For PntW to work perfectly it should pass ahead PntR by half of RB buffer volume But in reality the average rate of Ethernet packets differs from the TDM packets rate The last one is defined by the internal frequency E1txClk If PntR pointer reaches PntW 1 value PntR is incremented by 3 As a result two packets one El multiframe will be lost This occasion is named a skip and is displayed in error counter SkipErr SkipErr 1 If PntR pointer reaches PntW 1 value PntR is decremented by 2 As a result two packets one El multiframe will be transmitted twice This occasion is named a slip and is displayed in error counter SlipErr SlipErr 1 The slip skip rate is defined by the difference between the packets reception rate and TDM bus transmit frequency EltxClk For example if the difference is 15 ppm the slip rate is equal to one per minute This slip will be detected as a click in sound channel If the channel is occup
20. sed by software components incompatible with real time applications like Asterisk for example X11 Also large jitter can cause the slip or skip errors increment As a rule in synchronized systems one of devices is the clock master Example Let us have two banks of channels Asteroid_1 Asteroid_2 and Asterisk server Asteroid_1 should be configured as clock internal VCO 0 TDM over Ethernet Asterisk should be synchronized from the TDMOE stream of Asteroid_1 The second bank Asteroid_2 should be configured as clock internal VCO 2 TDM over Ethernet Asteroid_2 will be leaded by Asteroid_1 1 2 The Ethernet connection notes The TDMoKE protocol is realized on Ethernet MAC level On this reason routers are not allowed between Asteroid and server Switches and hubs can be used for connection only There are high demands to QoS discipline packets delay jitter must be less than 1 5 ms In practice it is necessary to use the separate port Ethernet in the server which can be connected to several channel banks The other network traffic is undesired in this segment The number of nodes in the 100 Mbit network is restricted by 20 But the real number of banks attached to the server is defined by performance of the server 2 Technical characteristics 2 1 General parameters Parameter Value Dimentions 430x250x45 mm Weight 2 5 kg Power consumption 50 wt Ambient temperatures 5 C to 45
21. sk CallWeaver PBX Figure 1 Internal Asteroid architecture Consider internal architecture of the bank in detail Figure 1 Internal modules of Asteroid are interconnected by several buses a control bus a signaling bus data bus The control bus is used for initialization and monitoring of modules The signaling bus is used for transportation of telephone signalization between FXO FXS modules and framers The data bus is used for voice transmission and synchronization The El or TDMoKE framers provide interfaces for Asteroid attaching to PBX or Asterisk In the receive direction framer processes digital data arriving from PBX or Asterisk It synthesizes voice and signaling streams on buses In the transmit direction framer forms the digital stream to be sent to the PBX or Asterisk Synchronization obtained by the framer is used for syncing all Asteriod modules If Asteroid is slave relative to the Ethernet port TDMoE framer adjust its frequency to the packets rate using phase locked loop technique Signalization from data and signaling buses follows to FXS FXO modules In correspondence with this information modules set up the telephone ports states and decode the A m law encoded data stream In the reverse direction these modules process the analog lines modifications and encode the voice to data stream FXS modules can recognize the hook off state the pulse dialing They form the ring signal FXO modules can recognize the ring signa
22. steroid is master Consider configuration when Asteroid is master In zaptel conf file the channel bank should be described by the string dynamic eth eth1 00 55 55 55 55 00 30 1 It corresponds to TDMOE device attached to the Ethernet port eth1 with the address 00 55 55 55 55 00 Asteroid itself should be configured Configuration Common MAC 00 55 55 55 55 00 Configuration Common TDM Over Ethernet On Configuration E1 Clock source Internal Configuration Common VCO 0 After starting and configuring zaptel ztdynamic does not receive packets from Asteroid because Asteroid does not know the server address The device status is RED ALARM On this reason just after start zaptel is synchronized from ztdummy and ztdynamic is synchronized from zaptel After receiving synchronization ztdynamic starts transmitting data to Asteroid Then after receiving addressed packets Asteroid starts packets transmitting back to the server After receiving Asteroid response ztdynamic chooses the bank as a clock source The device status becomes OK Ztdynamic becomes clock source for zaptel As aresult both ztdynamic and zaptel are synchronized from Asteroid 6 3 1 Synchronizing Zaptel Asteroid is slave Consider configuration when asteroid is slave In the zaptel conf file the channel bank should be described by the string dynamic eth eth1 00 55 55 55 55 00 30 0 It corresponds to TDMOE device attached to the Ethernet port e
23. t port Configuration Common El Over Ethernet turn on or tern off El transmitting over Ethernet with the help of TDMoE protocol Diagnostic mode for factory tests only Off value must be set Configuration Common TDM Over Ethernet choosing the main data port for connection with PBX On Ethernet port with TDMOE stream Off El port 4 4 E1 port settings Configuration E1 Line code El line code AMI or HDB3 Configuration E1 Clock source El master Internal or El slave Line choosing Configuration E1 CRC4 turn on or turn off CRC4 generation 4 5 FXS FXO ports settings FXS Foreign Exchange Subscriber the ring and loop current generating port FXO Foreign Exchange Office telephone line port Slot Socket Port numbers El projection Channels starts with 0 TDMOE projection channels starts with 1 Slot O J1 0 absent absent 1 7 1 7 1 7 Slot 1 J2 8 15 8 15 8 15 Slot 2 J3 16 absent absent 17 23 17 23 16 22 Slot 3 J4 24 31 24 31 23 30 Table 7 FXS FXO ports projection to E1 TDMoE As shown in the table FXO FXO port isn t used The reason is that the El uses timeslot O for framing and timeslot 16 for ABCD signaling Configuration Slots Slot N choosing module type FXS or FXO for corresponding socket J1 J4 It is necessary to choose modules types correlated with the real hardware configuration FXS modules have a 25 pin f
24. ted The following dial plan can be supposed Local consumers make international calls Asterisk software analyzes these calls and forwards them to VOIP provider Legacy calls are forwarded to PSTN network Appendix B Example of zaptel conf file Next come the dynamic span definitions in the form dynamic lt driver gt lt address gt lt numchans gt lt timing gt Where lt driver gt is the name of the driver e g eth lt address gt is the driver specific address like a MAC for eth lt numchans gt is the number of channels and lt timing gt is a timing priority like for a normal span use 0 not to use this as a timing source or prioritize them as primary secondard etc Note that you MUST have a REAL zaptel device if you are not using external timing dynamic eth eth1 00 55 55 55 55 00 0 30 0 alaw 1 30 FXS FXO channels 1 15 17 31 are mapped to TDMoE channels 1 15 16 30 1 fxsls 8 15 3 22 Asteroid user s manual fxols 23 30 loadzone fr defaultzone fr Appendix C Asteroid zaptel steps to check 1 CRE eS Attach Asteroid to PC server See 3 Bank installation The Link LED should light up Configure the device See 4 Device configuration Prepare and load zaptel configuration ztcfg with zaptel conf Start zttool utility SPAN should have OK status Refresh Asteroid screen Space button Counters SlipErr SkipErr R
25. th1 with the address 00 55 55 55 55 00 18 Asteroid user s manual Asteroid itself should be configured Configuration Common MAC 00 55 55 55 55 00 Configuration Common TDM Over Ethernet On Configuration E1 Clock source Internal Configuration Common VCO 1 or 2 After starting and configuring zaptel ztdynamic does not receive packets from Asteroid because Asteroid does not know the server address The device status is RED ALARM On this reason just after start zaptel is synchronized from ztdummy and ztdynamic is synchronized from zaptel After receiving synchronization ztdynamic starts transmitting data to Asteroid Then on receiving addressed packets Asteroid starts packets transmitting back to the server The device status becomes OK As a result zaptel and ztdynamic are synchronized from ztdummy or any other SPAN In the above example Asteroid adjusts its internal clocks to TDMOE packets rate with the help of PLL technique If the difference between internal clock and packet rate is too large slip skip errors will be incremented 6 4 zaptel ztdynamic statistics The statistics of zaptel driver is shown in proc zaptel x files were x is the number of SPAN e MASTER means that SPAN is clock source for zaptel e ClockSource means that SPAN is clock source for other channels in adapter The statistics of ztdynamic driver is shown in proc zaptel ztdynamic_stats file e taskletrun taskletsched taskl
26. tion timer parameter rtc_rate is not necessary 17 Asteroid user s manual The algorithm of choosing data synchronization for ztdynamic is the following 1 Just after loading the zaptel driver is the source of synchronization for ztdynamic In other words at first it is synchronized from SPANs adapters or ztdummy 2 After creation of the dynamic SPAN device the new clock master is searched The active dynamic SPAN device without Alarm signal with the smallest priority not equal to 0 becomes the new clock master for ztdynamic Also only this device can be clock master for the Zaptel driver 3 If step 2 device can not be found zaptel becomes the clock master The ztdynamic transmits data to the Ethernet channel using internal data clocks To start data exchange with the Asteroid the start condition must exist step 1 of algorithm The timing settings of TDMOE devices are described in the timing field of dynamic string in the zaptel conf configuration file The smaller digit is equal to the higher priority The 0 value means don t use the device as a synchronization source of ztdynamic In this case TDMoE device must adjust its internal clocks to the incoming TDMOE packets If the timing configuration is incorrect the packets can be lost SkipErr or repeated SlipErr To avoid these errors the general rule should be followed timing master should be connected with slave 6 3 1 Synchronizing Zaptel A
27. w Configuration Coding law Slot N A law u law The law selected in the Asteroid configuration must match zatptel configuration in zaptel conf file Consider zaptel configuration We should inform the zaptel driver about some parameters for example MAC address of Asteroid number of channels 30 any case priority see 6 3 Zaptel synchronization The example of Zaptel configuration can be found in Appendix B Example of zaptel conf file In this configuration it is supposed that Asteroid is directly attached to the eth1 interface Asteroid has the address 00 55 55 55 55 00 all ports use A law ports 8 15 FXO with Loop Start signaling ports 23 30 FXS with Loop Start signaling time zone is France Also Asteroid is slave device relative to zaptel It means that for a given configuration Asteroid should be configured with parameters Clock source Internal VCO 1 or 2 After above steps Zaptel parameters can be passed to the driver with the help of ztefg command zttool utility can show the state of all devices If TDMoE device is in RED ALARM status it means that no packets were received from this device A possible reason can be unmatched addresses in the zaptel and Asteroid configurations The second possible reason is incorrect master slave configuration in Zaptel see 6 3 Zaptel synchronization To make sure of absence of lost packets inspect Asteroid s monitor reset statistics and refresh screen several times
28. xNuErr FrErr should not increment If SPAN has RED alarm status 1 2 Check that MAC address in the Asteroid match with zaptel conf Check Ethernet cable If SPAN has OK status the following step is Asterisk configuration 23
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