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ECE499-Design Report Paper

1. If a sentence is received we can check the checksum then parse it if GPS newNMEAreceived NMEA sentences printed out In the main loop groups of data have been received by calling GPS newNMEAreceived 58 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 if this returns true then we can ask the library to parse that data with GPS parse GPS lastNMEA Don t call lastNMEA more than once between parse calls because it will clear the received flag and can cause very subtle race conditions 1f new data comes in before parse is called again char stringptr GPS lastNMEA if GPS parse stringptr This sets the newNMEAreceived flag to false return Failing to parse a sentence will return another value after waiting Sentence parsed Serial println OK if LOG _FIXONLY amp amp GPS fix Serial print No Fix return j Logging data Serial println Log uint8_t stringsize strlen stringptr if stringsize logfile write uint8 t stringptr stringsize write the string to the SD file error 4 if strstr stringptr RMC strstr stringptr GGA logfile flushQ Serial printlnQ j j End Code 59 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Matlab Code Import excel file of parsed GPS data Sprinting Test on Feb 25 2015 GPGGA Sentences num txt raw xlsread Users vanessche Documents MATLAB GPSSprintGPGGA xlsx Sheet1 GPRMC Sentences num txt r
2. e Research on specific parts to order price Oct Nov Define Requirements and Goals Nov e Order parts by end of fall trimester 11 20 e Begin design construction 1 6 e Field tests Late Jan e Provide raw data Early Feb e Show to a coach for feedback Mid Feb e Finalize presentation Late Feb e Finalize design report Mid March Figure 18 Initial Design Project Schedule From Fig 18 the initial schedule provided a good foundation for going into the winter term however changes were made due to time needed for coding on the project as well as poor winter weather for testing the GPS unit outside on field Due to the time spent coding and debugging for the Arduino and in Matlab there was less time for testing than planned for at first By closely following the initial recommended design plan I was able to meet all of the deadlines for the project and not be overwhelmed by the large number of tasks assigned The production schedule was reliable and the GPS unit was fully functional by the eighth week of winter term however some improvements could have been made to the schedule to allow for more structured testing and embellishing the 45 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 user display In terms of having a structured testing regiment a number of tests could have been incremented to provide data on the reliability of the system for coaches First the longevity of the 9V battery cell for the system could have been observed to
3. for i 0 i lt errno i digital Write ledPin HIGH delay 100 digitalWrite ledPin LOW delay 100 j for i errno 1 lt 10 i delay 200 j j void setup Connect at a baud rate of 115200 so the GPS can read data fast enough and echo without dropping characters Serial begin 1 15200 Serial printIn r nUltimate GPSlogger Shield pinMode ledPin OUTPUT Default chip select pin is set to output even if you don t use it pinMode 10 OUTPUT See if the card is present and can be initialized if SD begin chipSelect 11 12 13 SD begin chipSelect Use this line for the Arduino Uno 56 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Serial printIn Card init failed error 2 char filename 15 strepy filename GPSLOGO00 TXT for uint8 t1 0 1 lt 100 i filename 6 0 1 10 filename 7 0 1 10 Create 1f does not exist do not open existing write sync after write if SD exists filename break j j logfile SD open filename FILE WRITE if logfile Serial print Couldnt create Serial printIn filename error 3 j Serial print Writing to Serial println filename Connect to the GPS at the desired rate GPS begin 9600 LLL For logging data recommended to use only or RMC GGA to keep the log files at a reasonable size uncomment this line to turn on RMC recommended minimum and GGA fix data including
4. GPGGA sentences fix data is provided in which the number of satellites are shown as well as altitude and horizontal dilution of position or accuracy After logging the data onto an SD card from the GPS unit onto the computer the overall GPS data needs to be filtered from the comma delimited NMEA sentences Because the logged data 1s delimited by commas rather than by tabs the data needs to be filtered before being brought into Matlab The text file data can be imported into excel and the commas can then be converted to tab delimited spacing between successive lines of data The data essentially needs to be taken into columns to separate successive lines for calculating useful statistics from the data which can be observed as follows in Fig 9 1 35803 A 4249 1781 N 7355 6219 W 5 74 18 14 210115 A 41 3 GPGGA 35804 4249 1793 N 7355 6209 W 1 6 123 83M 336M 6C 4 GPRMC 35804 A 4249 1793 N 7355 6209 W 4 14 13 48 210115 A 41 5 GPGGA 35805 4249 1794 N 7355 6207 W 1 6 135 835M 33 6 M 66 6 GPRMC 35805 A 4249 1794 N 7355 6207 W 0 1 13 48 210115 A 49 7 GPGGA 35806 4249 1799 N 7355 6204 W 1 6 135 857 M 33 6 M 6F 8 SGPRMC 35806 A 4249 1799 N 7355 6204 W 0 2 13 48 210115 A 47 9 GPGGA 35807 4249 1805 N 7355 6202 W 1 6 123 877M 336M 67 10 GPRMC 35807 A 4249 1805 N 7355 6202 W 0 21 13 48 210115 A 4B 11 GPGGA 35808 4249 1814 N 7355 62 W 1 6 123 90 1 M 33 6 M 6A 12 GPRMC 35808 A 4249 1814 N 7355 62 W 0 13 13 48 210115 A 47 13
5. VarNamel longfield VarName37 Figure 13 GPRMC and GPGGA Variable Names Once the variable names are input correctly into Matlab the code will convert the input filtered NMEA GPS data to decimal form and output a display of the user s position and speed over their session In addition the code will output the user s statistics which includes average speed maximum speed total distance travelled percentage of time spent jogging or higher and total duration The specific coordinates 39 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 of Bailey field where the tests were implemented were added into Matlab to provide a superimposed map of the field perimeter so the position data could be observed in relation to the field space The final outputs of the GPS data can be seen in the Performance Estimates and Results section 40 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Performance Estimates and Results In this section the performance of the final implemented system is discussed based on the preliminary design criteria First the performance estimates are analyzed then the results of the GPS unit are discussed Throughout the estimated performance and project results are evaluated Performance Estimates The most vital performance estimate determined by the two coaches was distance travelled by a player as it 1s a good indicator to the extent of how much a player contributes to the team The GPS was able to reliably track a player
6. f mph n avg speed fprintf Maximum Speed f mph n max speed fprintf Total Distance Travelled f miles n total distance fprintf Percentage of Time spent Sprinting f n numberOfElements fprintf Tracking Angle f n avg _trackingangle fprintf Average Number of Satellites f n avg numbersatellites fprintf Elevation f ft n avg altitude fprintf Elapsed Time f seconds n elapsed_ time 62
7. have a sense of how often the unit will run before losing power In addition the accuracy could have been tested better by having the user run across the field with the two constructed GPS units The durability of the system could have tested as well by simulating competitive game play conditions in which a defender physically uses his arm to obstruct an opposing forward in an attempt to retrieve the ball Overall the final implementation schedule in the winter was broken down into a set of major tasks as shown below in the Gantt chart Table 1 Table 2 Implemented Schedule for Senior Design Project ECE 498 Fall Term Winter ECE 499 Winter Term Break Research Define Requirements Order Parts Building Testing Presentation Preparation n 2 28 Report Writing ECE498 Report 11 23 Final Report 3 17 46 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Cost Analysis The initial budget for this project was to remain under 300 The costs of the components for the project requested by the committee can be observed below in Table 2 The overall project required the purchase of two overall packages Each overall package consisted of two GPS modules two Arduino boards sufficient power encasings with batteries as well as a Bluetooth receiver Two packages were used to achieve greater accuracy and allow for the comparison of two players who play different positions on the field The total amount of funding requested by the Student Research G
8. other performance metrics within soccer in recent years First with the development of digital camcorders in the early 1980s managers and coaches of teams have used video to watch replayed games and observe which players are playing in their respective positions ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 properly Watching recorded games can certainly allow coaches to get a better sense of their team strengths and weaknesses however the one clear limitation to watching recorded gameplay is that it can be very tedious and not conducive for time By being limited to watching recorded gameplay numerous times to accurately analyze each player managers are also limiting their teams to time that could be better spent implementing specific training drills and instructions in practice Another example of positioning technology using for statistical performance data is radio frequency identification RFID RFID is essentially data collection technology mainly used for object identification and tracking in which the system is comprised of a reader module which modulates data and commands into an RF signal as well as an antenna for signal transmission 3 Most RFID tags have many capabilities and can be very practical however their clear limiting factor is their range and they tend to be on the expensive side Another main constraint of RFIDs is tag distribution on accuracy and precision of passive RFID positioning systems are tag density and tag distance Th
9. 1818 N 07355 6198 W 1 06 1 23 91 3 M 33 6 M 66 GPRMC 035809 000 A 4249 1818 N 07355 6198 W 0 05 13 48 210115 A 4F GPGGA 035810 000 4249 1820 N 07355 6197 W 1 06 1 23 91 7 M 33 6 M 6E GPRMC 035810 000 A 4249 1820 N 07355 6197 W 0 04 13 48 210115 A 42 Figure 8 Raw GPS Data NMEA Sentences The raw GPS output from the module provides a large amount of data but the data is essentially meaningless to the user unless filtered There are a few different kinds of NMEA sentences however the two chosen data outputs are GPRMC Minimum Recommended Specific Data and GPGGA Fix Data sentences GPRMC has the most useful data in which each portion of data is separated by commas The first data column 035803 000 is the current time Greenwich Mean Time in which the first two numbers 03 indicate the hour the next two 58 are the minute and the following two 36 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 03 are the seconds and finally the milliseconds The time is displayed in both the GPRMC and GPGGA sentences but the GPS module does have the ability to determine what time zone you are in thus the accurate time will have to be calculated depending on the user s time zone Both GPRMC and GPGGA sentences also display location data in which 4249 1781 is the latitude and 07555 6219 is the longitude in terms of NSWE notation For GPRMC sentences the ground speed in knots tracking angle and current date are shown respectively In
10. 2 4 GHz signal and then forward the specific ID s location to a nearby computer The Fraunhofer software then calculates each device s location based on triangulation and the time difference of arrival TDOA for each tag The software can then provide data indicating where players are located at any given time during a game and can enable coaches and referees to better understand what occurred during particular plays In addition the software displays a map of the field with an icon displaying each player and the ball which can be reviewed further by team management and trainers The RFID system developed by Fraunhofer offers team managers a viable solution to determining how well each player performs during a game which can be used during practice to help team members with training however implementing the RFID system requires a substantial amount of hardware and can cost tens of thousands of dollars which certainly exceeds the budget of most non professional competitive teams For the 2014 World Cup in Brazil the German Football Association DFB worked in collaboration with SAP Match Insights to develop a high performance analytic appliance tool to analyze players by processing vast amounts of data from video 11 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 footage 9 Video footage is captured from 8 on field cameras and thousand of data points are generated The data is converted into simulations and graphs viewable on a tablet or compu
11. GPGGA 35809 4249 1818 N 7355 6198 W 1 6 123 913M 33 6 M 66 14 SGPRMC 35809 A 4249 1818 N 7355 6198 W 0 05 13 48 210115 A 4F 15 GPGGA 35810 4249 182 N 7355 6197 W 1 6 123 917 M 33 6 M 6E 16 GPRMC 35810 A 4249 182 N 7355 6197 W 0 04 13 48 210115 A 42 17 GPGGA 35811 4249 1821 N 7355 6197 W 1 6 123 918 M 33 6 M 61 Figure 9 Tab delimited GPRMC and GPGGA data 3l ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 The tab delimited NMEA sentences need to be separated into two sentences of data to differentiate their column lengths and variables in order to be readable in Matlab Tab delimited GPGGA data was filtered as shown in Figure 10 3 SGPGG Y 358 4249 17 N 7355 62 W bald lal 1l vil 3i M 6C 5 GPGGA 35805 4249 1794 N 7355 6207 W 1 6 135 835M 33 6M 66 7 SGPGGA 35806 4249 1799 N 7355 6204 W 1 6 135 85 7 M 33 6M 6F 9 SGPGGA 35807 4249 1805 N 7355 6202 W 1 6 123 877M 336M 67 11 GPGGA 35808 4249 1814 N 7355 62 W 1 6 123 901M 33 6M 6A 13 GPGGA 35809 4249 1818 N 7355 6198 W 1 6 123 913M 336M 66 15 SGPGGA 35810 4249 182 N 7355 6197 W 1 6 123 917M 336M 6E 17 GPGGA 35811 4249 1821 N 7355 6197 W 1 6 123 918M 336M 61 18 SGPGGA 35812 4249 1823 N 7355 6198 W 1 6 123 921M 336M 65 20 SGPGGA 35813 4249 1826 N 7355 6198 W 1 6 123 927M 336M 67 22 GPGGA 35814 4249 1829 N 7355 6198 W 1 6 123 934M 336M 6D 23 SGPGGA 35815 4249 1832 N 7355 6198 W 1 6 123 937M 33 6M 65 25 SGPGGA 35816 4249 1833 N 7355 6199
12. W 1 6 123 937M 33 6M 66 27 SGPGGA 35817 4249 1834 N 7355 6198 W 1 7 119 937M 336M 69 29 SGPGGA 35818 4249 1838 N 7355 6197 W 1 7 119 938M 336M 6A 31 GPGGA 35819 4249 1839 N 7355 6197 W 1 7 108 938M 336M 6A 33 GPGGA 35820 4249 1838 N 7355 6197 W 1 7 108 9338M 336M 61 Figure 10 Tab delimited GPGGA fix data The main challenge was converting the NMEA data output from logging the GPS data into a readable format for the user Since the Arduino is not the best at parsing the strings of data and has a limited memory the statistical data had to be imported and calculated in Matlab Both the tab delimited GPGGA and GPRMC data had to be converted to column data and imported into Matlab which can be observed in Figure 11 Each column of data is assigned to a variable name in Matlab in which each A Z VarName2 VarName2 VarName3 Cell i A 1 aon ow amp Ww Ne a v Number v 192313 192314 192315 192316 192317 192318 192319 192320 Number vCell D v Number E VarNameS Cell 4 2490e 4 2490e 4 2490e 4 2490e 4 2490e 4 2490e 4 2490e 4 2490e 7 3556e 7 3556e 7 3556e 7 3556e 7 3556e 7 3556e 7 3556e 7 3556e 2 2 S S SSZ Figure 11 GPS Column data being imported to Matlab variable name will contain a different chunk of data at all GPS position estimates Figure 12 below shows the imported array data from the col
13. at Union College The GPS unit successfully displays position and speed during a session in which relative horizontal accuracy is within 1 meter although there may be clear outliers in the data when testing at higher speeds By using the attachment armband to wear the GPS prototype test runs were carried out at varying speeds An exemplary position and speed plot of the sprint from the field test is shown below in Figure 14 Positional Data 42 8174 42 8172 6 42 817 m 3 LJ 3 42 8168 w 42 8166 42 8164 73 2595 73 259 73 2585 Longitude degrees Speed Data Speed mph oo 0 2 4 6 3 10 12 14 16 18 20 Time seconds Figure 14 50 Yard Sprint on Bailey Field The statistics from the from one of the various sprint tests on Bailey field is shown below in Figure 15 From the various sprints I was able to obtain a consistent match with the actual path I ran by running on a marked line on the field several times 42 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 gt gt GPSSprintData Statistics Average Speed 7 016724 mph Maximum Speed 16 997006 mph Total Distance Travelled 0 037033 miles Percentage of Time spent Sprinting 0 969078 Tracking Angle 83 188421 Average Number of Satellites 8 894737 Elevation 291 804817 ft Elapsed Time 19 000000 seconds Figure 15 Test Statistics from 50 Yard Sprint Following the 50 yard sprint test more field tests were implemented by running and jogging while pa
14. available and developed There were other positioning systems seriously considered but none were as cost effective and developed as GPS technology RFID was one considered system that presented an interesting approach to solving the problem that team managers have when trying to assess each player accurately and impartially The technology has been developed further in recent years as receivers produce stronger signal and the read range of RFIDs has increased considerably which allows for precise tracking within a given range for moving objects With active RFID systems and state of the art RFID software an exact trace of an object or individual s movement can be obtained but the technology is not easily accessible and RFID users have to follow certain policies in which certain RFID equipment must be licensed in order to operate RFID tags have been used in professional soccer teams to gain a distinct advantage by tacking the precise movements of players but purchasing such devices are too expensive for a design at the competitive level GPS was the most viable design alternative due to the fact that GPS systems have been used for tracking high speed movements and significant data analysis in the past Recent technological improvements have made GPS tracking a convenient and popular method to quantify movement patterns and physical demands in sports 8 GPS modules are reasonably inexpensive and do not require a permit to use In addition intu
15. case scenario for trying to obtain optimal data The GPS module will have to be attached in a way so that the receiver faces upward towards the sky for best results For a field test two players can run in a straight line with the GPS device and the linearity of the data points can be assessed to observe whether the device 1s accurate or not A visual representation with scattered plots from side to side will indicate that GPS module 1s not functioning at its best while linear movement will represent that the device is functioning better In addition the GPS module has to have a sufficient refresh rate in order to track the speed of the players A higher refresh rate may be required to have better accuracy as players move around quickly but a greater frequency may also overwhelm the microprocessor being used to process and analyze the incoming data A microcontroller or development board will be necessary in order to evaluate the position data received from the GPS sensor For the specific microcontroller and GPS module a sufficient battery source will have to be used in order for adequate power of both connected devices A higher frequency for the GPS receiver may lead to greater battery usage but the accuracy of the data 1s expected to be greater Without ample battery life the GPS package will not function for long enough to yield significant statistical data and results for team managers and coaches In addition the GPS package has to have enoug
16. degrees floor longfield 100 number of degrees minutes longfield degrees 100 number of minutes longf degrees minutes 60 longitude in degrees Need to have proper number count to obtain correct total distance n numel x Number count in array for speed data z sum x 0 Zero Count in array for speed data index x gt 6 Rate spent jogging equal or greater than 6 mph numberOfElements mean index 1 15078 figure subplot 2 1 1 h geoshow lat2 long2 DisplayType Point mapshow long 2 lat2 mapshow longf latf xlabel Longitude degrees ylabel Latitude degrees title Positional Data camroll 90 ax1S 73 2596 73 25836 42 8163 42 81744 set h Xtick 1 numel num XTickLabel txt Y tick snum Y TickLabel NumCell 1 g h EdgeColor set g XtickLabel XTickLabel Y tick Y tickLabel subplot 2 1 2 plot 1 n x 1 150779 Speed in mph xlabel Time seconds ylabel Speed mph title Speed Data axis Calculations avg speed mean x 1 150779 knots to mph max speed max x 1 150779 knots to mph total distance avg speed n 0 000277778 seconds to hour conversion for time avg trackingangle mean a avg numbersatellites mean b avg horizontal dilution in meters mean c avg altitude mean d 3 28084 elapsed time n display Training Statistics 6l ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 fprintf Average Speed
17. higher speeds The Robustness of the system was difficult to determine as any mishandling of the device was avoided to reduce the overall costs of the project An image of the finalized GPS unit in the enclosure can be observed in Figure 7 34 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Figure 7 Diagram of finalized GPS Unit in enclosure Ultimately implementing the hardware to form a functioning overall system was not as difficult as carrying out the software design which took up the bulk of the project In order for the overall project to function both the hardware and software had to function properly Microcontroller and Software The Arduino microcontroller was chosen as the microcontroller for the GPS unit because it is designed to interface with the GPS shield developed by Adafruit and provides accurate GPS data which can be filtered into Matlab The Arduino IDE software correctly shows how to listen to the GPS module in an interrupt which allows serial GPS data to be streamed The algorithm correctly reads in coordinate and fix data from the GPS and then logs the data into a text file on the microSD card Once the GPS module was tested with direct wiring of pins 0 and 1 to TX and RX pads respectively for sending commands from the module to the USB port The 35 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 serial monitor from the Arduino IDE outputs the GPS data at a specified baud rate which can be used to test the connection from the modu
18. lt SPI h gt include lt Adafruit_ GPS h gt include lt SoftwareSerial h gt include lt SD h gt include lt avr sleep h gt This code shows how to listen to the GPS module in an interrupt which allows the program to have more freedom just parse when a new NMEA sentence is available then access the data when desired SoftwareSerial mySerial 8 7 Adafruit_ GPS GPS amp mySerial Set GPSECHO to false to turn off echoing the GPS data to the Serial console Set to true if you want to debug and listen to the raw GPS sentences define GPSECHO true Set to true to only log to SD when GPS has a fix for debugging keep it false define LOG FIXONLY false Interrupt is off by default boolean usingInterrupt false void useInterrupt boolean Set the pins used on the Arduino define chipSelect 10 define ledPin 13 File logfile Read in a hexadecimal value and return the decimal equivalent uint8 t parseHex char c if c lt 0 return 0 if c lt 9 55 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 return c 0 if c lt A return 0 if c lt F return c A 10 Blink out an error code when not recording fixed data Error code blinks every second when not fixed void error uint8 t errno if SD errorCode putstring SD error Serial print card errorCode HEX Serial print Serial printIn card errorData HEX j a while 1 uint8 t 1
19. must be robust and be designed and built to withstand a fall 1f the device was to disconnect from a player s shirt An enclosure must be provided for the Arduino and GPS receiver so that the components are protected and remain intact if the device is to withstand a fall Ifthe device is not robust and being used on players for high intensity runs then the device will not be reliable and may break down after several uses It 1s certainly required that several field tests are undergone to ensure that the GPS device is evidently functioning properly Ifthe system can fulfill these requirements it 16 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 will provide a useful and instructive service to team managers and coaches A main requirement is that feedback from coaches is given regarding what statistics are the most important to differentiate between players at the competitive level Secondary Requirements Secondary or minor requirements include that the system should be affordable and easy to duplicate so that the technology could be used across a number of playing fields The individual components must be purchased in order for the system to be simulated built and tested In order for the system to be used as intended it must be lightweight and portable which limits both its size and weight Ideally the GPS system should be light enough to not be obstructive in any way when attached to a player s shirt An alternative secondary goal is to have a Bl
20. power switch is in the ON position when disconnected the Arduino from the computer because the Arduino will be on even if the interface cable 1s connected without the battery plugged in 53 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 The system is relatively easy to use assuming that the GPS module 1s outside and the application is already started the user does not have to do anything to use the system The system will automatically start updating the serial port on the Arduino as soon as the GPS system begins producing position estimates The reset button can be pressed to begin logging a new text file of GPS data during use It is recommended that the system be powered off when a training session or match is completed After a training session the data can be retrieved by taking the microSD card out and reading in the data as a text file of the logged data The text file will provide raw data which is essentially meaningless to the user Because the data 1s meshed together by commas the data needs to be parsed and filtered into Matlab for analyzing user statistics Next the comma delimited data needs to be converted to column data Once converted each column will be assigned to a variable name in Matlab in which each variable name will contain different data at all GPS position estimates including speed time number of satellites and tracking angle Each variable name for the GPRMC sentences will need to be input in the Matlab code in the respe
21. s position throughout a session in which total distance travelled could be calculated intuitively in Matlab Another valuable performance indicator was a player s work rate or positioning on the field A higher work rate or higher rate of movement leads to players tracking to the ball more when not in possession Work rate can be determined by observing a player s detailed movement track along the field It is estimated that coaches will be able to determine that total distance travelled will differ marginally for players in different positions In terms of the actual system a clear initial performance estimate of the GPS module was that the module would have to track player movement within 2 meters to be considered as accurate The accuracy of the GPS module 1s difficult to gage because global positioning is not completely reliable due to the number of satellites being fixed to and the tracking angle A critical outcome of the GPS unit was ground speed as the metric could be used to calculate average speed and time spent running at high intensity Maximum speed was estimated as well but was not as important as Coach Jeff Guinn had stated that it is usually clear who is the fastest player on the field during sprints 4 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 GPS Unit Results On February 25 2015 field tests were implemented with the GPS unit to examine the accuracy of the system and retrieve some data during a training session on Bailey Field
22. the memory card The GPS module will output sentences in a specified format which can then be used to determine location and speed at each time interval The output sentences can then be extracted in which the data is read stored and parsed in order to understand the positional data Having a micro SD card will allow for more data to be collected as well as allow for a greater update rate which takes up greater memory In order to interface the 25 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 hardware and execute a successful GPS system the Arduino microcontroller will require a fundamental understanding of coding and how to read the output sentences from the GPS module The software will essentially send all strings of code received from the GPS to the computer however the specific coordinate data output will not be readable In order to adequately provide data for coaches the data needs to be readable and useful The coordinates will be output as NMEA sentences which will need to be converted to decimal form for a user to understand the data Specific performance analytics outputs will be player position tracking total distance traveled the number of high intensity runs a player makes average speed and average position A layout of the specific software output is shown below in which the coach will be able to see a field diagram with points relating to where a player was over the course of a scrimmage during a practice Given these specific poi
23. the microcontroller however the male headers do not allow for additional shields to be used For an additional shield to be used stacking headers are required as these headers provide a pass thru connection so multiple shields can be attached The drawback to using stacking headers is that they add significant height to the project and that the 31 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 connections are not as strong due the headers being thinner which can affect the GPS unit since the microcontroller may shake around a bit at higher speeds 0000 020000000 4 OO000000 19 9000 90000000 w ogainqg Sh TITILL eiT O00000 00000Q 5000000000000 Jelelelelelelereleolelele elelelelelele Telelelelele yelelelele yelelerere JAQ OO0OO0OO0OO0O0O0000 oo0oo00000000 S 8 4 f oe In Figure 5 Soldering the shield with pin headers Different pin headers can be used for connecting a shield to an Arduino but the recommended pins are 2 x 8 pins 1 x 6 pin and 1 x 10 pin which equates to a total of 32 pins on the microcontroller The most important pins for the recommending connect setting are pins 7 8 and 13 which allow that the microcontroller is synchronized and free for debugging and uploading scripts Pin 13 provides a one pulse per second output from the module and synchronizes to GPS time The schematic for the GPS unit including the Adafruit GPS shield Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller and microSD card can b
24. ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Statistical Data Analysis in Soccer using GPS Tracking John Paul van Essche March 17 2015 ECE499 Electrical Engineering Capstone Advisor Steven Gustafson GE ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Report Summary The Senior Capstone Project is the culmination of over three years of undergraduate electrical engineering instruction along with prerequisite courses in mathematics and physics The diligent study of these concepts has allowed for the application and design of a project that combines a passion for both electrical engineering as well as soccer The overall design goal of this project is to produce a position tracking system for soccer players on field with a clear intention of providing a data map to their on field positioning and the distance they travel during a training session By tracking the precise movement of an individual player on the field data can be retrieved to identify whether or not the player is playing in their position adequately After a training session or game software can then provide a data map of players indicating where the individual was located over the course of their particular play In higher level competitions and professional soccer having this clear cut data can be the difference between a win and loss as many players have different strengths that suit to their style of play and position Additionally powerful data analysis can assist managers and coaches to summariz
25. altitude GPS sendCommand PMTK SET NMEA OUTPUT RMCGGA uncomment this line to turn on only the minimum recommended data GPS sendCommand PMTK SET NMEA OUTPUT RMCONLY SHIH Set the update rate or refresh rate below GPS sendCommand PMTK SET NMEA UPDATE 1HZ 100 millihertz once every 10 seconds 1Hz or 5Hz update rate Turn off updates on antenna status 1f the firmware permits it GPS sendCommand PGCMD NOANTENNA Have timer0 interrupt go off every 1 millisecond and read data from the GPS which makes the loop code easier to understand 57 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 useInterrupt true Serial printIn Ready j Interrupt is called once a millisecond looks for any new GPS data and stores it SIGNAL TIMERO COMPA vect char c GPS read ifdef UDRO if GPSECHO if c UDRO c Writing direct to UDRO is much faster than Serial print but only one character can be written at a time endif j void uselInterrupt boolean v if v Timer0 is already used for millis interrupt somewhere in the middle and call the Compare A function above OCROA OxAF TIMSKO _ BV OCIEOA usingInterrupt true else Do not call the interrupt function COMPA anymore TIMSKO amp BV OCIEQA usingInterrupt false j j void loop if usingInterrupt Read data from the GPS in the main loop char c GPS read if GPSECHO if c Serial print c j
26. ates and reports its position The standard frequency for most devices is only 1 Hz but moving vehicles and other high speed uses may require faster update rates to have accurate measurements A fast update rate may provide greater accuracy but may overwhelm some microprocessors trying to parse that much data in a given time sample In addition differing GPS modules of varying frequencies may consume more power thus it is important to determine the specific power usage of the device before attaching a battery powered source Overall utilizing GPS reduces the costs of the overall system while eliminating the need for building specific hardware components 13 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Design Requirements In order for the system to be able to provide a practical service to the end user 1 e team manager or coach the system must meet or exceed certain specified design requirements In this section the system behavior will be described and specified as well as the main objectives of the project This will help to define what entails a successful project allowing for clear identification when the goal has been reached Functional Requirements The most fundamental requirement or goal is that the system must be able to give coaches a clear visual of a player s movement and give them a few indicators to a player s performance on the field The overall system should provide key data points regarding player position change of dire
27. aw xlsread Users vanessche Documents MATLAB GPSSprintGPRMC xlsx Sheet1 Perimeter of Bailey Field at Union College num txt raw xlsread Users vanessche Documents MATLAB GPSFieldPerimeter xlsx Sheet1 Each xlsx file assigned with different variable names num sort num for 1 1 numel num Number of elements in an array NumCell i num2str num 1 end Change Variable Names here Converting from parsed GPS NMEA format to decimal values GPRMC Sentences lat VarName41 long VarName42 Negative value due to location in Western Hemisphere x VarName43 Speed knots a VarName44 Tracking Angle GPGGA Sentences b VarName21 Number of Satellites c VarName22 Horizontal Dilution of Position d VarName23 Altitude in Meters Field Perimeter Fixed Variable Names latfield VarNamel longfield VarName37 1 a ee SOE SP ne Dae Pee E eee RTT degrees floor lat 100 number of degrees minutes lat degrees 100 number of minutes lat2 degrees minutes 60 latitude in degrees degrees floor long 100 number of degrees minutes long degrees 100 number of minutes long2 degrees minutes 60 longitude in degrees 60 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 degrees floor latfield 100 number of degrees minutes latfield degrees 100 number of minutes latf degrees minutes 60 latitude in degrees
28. ction speed and total distance traveled during the course of a training session For a training session the user should not be expected to be able to identify the differing performance metrics for each player so the system must be readable for someone who does not have prior technical knowledge in engineering or computer science An important requirement that may be more difficult to quantify is that the system must be easy to use A new user should be able to power on the device and use it without a great deal of training This requires that the system provide basic functionality with no input from the user whatsoever The system must also be accurate and be able to detect precisely when players make high intensity runs and their position even at a higher speed to test real playing conditions During pre match preparations these insights can then be used to improve both player and team performance The GPS receiver will be attached to the arm or shirt of a player by armband and will log the position of each of the players with the device over the course of a training 14 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 session or a pre match practice The GPS receiver must provide accurate positioning within 3m otherwise managers and coaches will not be able to successfully analyze the data points regarding their players Since GPS measurements are affected most by changes in vertical position measuring position on an outdoor soccer field will be the best
29. ctive order for displaying statistics latitude longitude speed tracking angle For GPGGA sentences the variable names will need to be input as number of satellites horizontal dilution of position and altitude in meters Once the variable names are input correctly into Matlab the code will convert the input filtered GPS data to decimal form and output a display of the user s position and speed over their session In addition the code will output the user s statistics which includes average speed maximum speed total distance travelled percentage of time spent jogging or higher and total duration In conclusion the output data 1s an accurate measure of positional data that can be used for coaches 54 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Arduino Code The following code is an excerpt of open source code that was written for the Adafruit Ultimate GPS logger This software was downloaded from https github com adafruit Adafruit GPS Library and the code was adapted and organized to fit the correct serial setup baud rate and refresh rate for the GPS unit In addition the code was used to determine which NMEA GPS sentences were output when logging There is additional code involved with the Arduino software however it is too long to fit into this appendix so the following example for SD logging 1s shown Code for logging GPS data onto an SD card after recording satellite fixed data Libraries used for Code include
30. d on the sensor to analyze the accuracy of the positional data and what could be improved The main limitations were how much time the GPS subsystem could run given the 9V battery power supply and how much memory was taken by the collected GPS data on the Arduino in roughly 45 minutes thus a microSD memory card was required to be used in sufficient memory storage for a training session The following week consisted of collecting data and what could be done to improve the system user friendliness of the overall GPS package The software should be designed and analyzed throughout the winter term to improve the display output for the user The software extracts data on individual players and presents it in the form of digital personas so that it is easy to distinguish between differing players for coaches In addition a robust protective encasing should be produced for the GPS package so that the subsystem isn t damaged if it were to fall The final draft of the design should be achieved by week 8 of the winter trimester to allow time for small revisions to the GPS subsystem and maximizing the intuitiveness of the software to allow coaches to quickly assess each player s strengths and weaknesses Upon completion of the project the final device including the software will be able to collect data successfully and display the data intuitively when loaded onto the computer The prototype unit will provide greater insight on how the overall design of t
31. d them to alter their playing style and team formation Additional applications include having the user wear multiple GPS units and then taking an average of the data set in Matlab for better precision The GPS prototype could be used for players in different positions on the field to provide coaches with clear statistical data on player work rates The data provided from GPS can give a detailed description of player movement demands and can assist teams from a tactical view point 20 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 By observing the movement patterns of players via GPS key information regarding distance running speed number of surges mean velocity as well as the differences between fixed position players and nomadic players can be studied Ultimately the implications are that team managers can use the device to gain valuable information on players and better understand how their team performance can be improved Through GPS monitoring team managers and top level officials can objectively evaluate trends in the game and the impact of playing demands for each position Further work is required to describe movement patterns in the dynamic environment of soccer and key game indicators such as positioning and decision making 21 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Preliminary Proposed Design The proposed design which is essentially a performance data positioning system will allow for managers and coaches to gather statistical data o
32. e observed below in Figure 6 32 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Overall System Diagram Wadatruic GPS Shield v 2 4 20 2013 8 29 07 PM Sheet 1 1 Adafruit Industries Figure 6 Schematic of the Adafruit Ultimate GPS Shield The 9V battery provided sufficient power for testing over long periods of time as the GPS unit draws very low power It is difficult to determine how long the 9V battery can provide power to the GPS unit because power consumption can be altered by a number of factors Battery power consumption will suffer at use for higher speeds as the algorithm set to operate the GPS function will target the position accuracy of reporting location In other words the GPS module is programmed to log precise position estimates rather than save battery life In addition different LED s draw different amounts of current and the processor on the Arduino board will use more or less current depending on how the program is written The 9V battery is estimated at over ten hours of usage when connected to the GPS unit but the GPS unit is only using three LEDs 33 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Power Pin 13 and Fix Status in addition to powering the module Ultimately the longevity of the battery power source was never determined however the 9V battery supply is more than adequate for the length of a match or t
33. e read range of the RFID system depends on the frequency in which the range generally increases as the frequency increases Active RFIDs which contain built in batteries have greater range in comparison to passive RFIDs which do not have a built in energy source however they are not as cost effective as other sensor devices and require a permit to operate as well Clearly for RFID to function a user must be within range of a RFID reader and both the user and the reader must be operating on the same frequency In early 2012 local Bundesliga soccer clubs in Nurnberg Germany implemented and tested an RFID based system provided by the Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS that follows the movements of players and balls in order to provide 10 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 training data as well as automated score keeping 7 The RFID system developed known as RedFIR essentially provides team managers and trainers on how well players perform and whether they may require additional guidance With the RFID system each player wears one or more battery power RFID tags which can be attached around one or both of the player s ankles over the shin guard or attached to the individual s shirt Each device transmits a unique ID number at a high frequency using a proprietary air interface protocol or set of standards that govern communication systems such as RFID The readers positioned around the field capture each tag s
34. e the behavior pattern of both the competitor and home team With statistics regarding each player calculated predictions can be made and an individual s weaknesses can be identified Having specific data allows coaches to come up with precise strategies for individual athletes to improve themselves as well as game plans to maximize the strength of the team to counter their opponents During a session each individual player will have a location recognition device attached to either their shirt or around their arm Within ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 soccer certain players may have high work rates and be in great physical form but they may be playing either out of position or be too stationary which is not always clearly perceivable from a coach s point of view Ultimately the objective of the position tracking system is to provide managers and coaches with defined data that can be used to determine which players can be placed into each position to maximize their performance on the field There is definitely a motivation to bring the technology to youth club organizations as well as competitive soccer leagues to provide coaches with clear data so that calculated decisions can be made on how certain players should be positioned Upon submission of this technical report a GPS unit has been successfully constructed and tested which can be used for tracking of player movements in soccer The GPS module on the unit can log data on a playe
35. easurement The clock on the GPS is very accurate and provides the exact Greenwich Mean Time each time a new position estimate is generated The GPS unit needs roughly 45 seconds to achieve a fix once outside however the recorded data will provide precise coordinates and speed when fixed The GPS module will always send data even when not fixed but the data will not be valid as there will be a lot of comma delimited data with only zeros The internal patch antenna on the module is very accurate and an addition u FL connector can be used as an external active antenna for added accuracy To minimize the design and keep the GPS unit compact an external active antenna was not used A GPS receiver must be locked onto the signal of a least three satellites to calculate a 2D position latitude and longitude and track movement With four or more satellites in view the receiver can determine the user s 3D position latitude longitude and altitude Once the GPS user s position has been determined via satellite the GPS unit can calculate other information such as speed bearing and dilution of position The Adafruit GPS shield is highly recommended over the GPS standalone module as the shield as it allows for connection to a microcontroller without adding extra space to the project When soldering the GPS unit two types of headers could be used male headers and shield stacking headers The male headers don t add any height to the GPS shield on
36. eat deal was learned of how difficult it can be to take learned theory and convert that knowledge into practice The culmination of close to four years of education at Union College could not have been accomplished without the help and support from the entire Electrical and Computer 50 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Engineering department student research grant funding as well as the unwavering support from both of my parents 51 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 References 1 10 11 12 Adafruit Industries Adafruit Ultimate GPS Logger Shield Includes GPS module N p n d Accessed 12 Nov 2014 https learn adafruit com adafruit ultimate gps logger shield view all Adafruit Industries GPS module tutorial N p n d Accessed 16 Jan 2015 https learn adatfruit com adatruit ultimate gps logger shield soft serial connect Bouzakis A and L Overmeyer Position Tracking for Passive UHF RFID Tags with the Aid of a Scanned Array Int J Wireless Inf Networks vol 20 no 1 pp 318 327 Jun 2013 From how far away can a typical RFID tag be read RFID Journal n p n d Accessed 03 Sept 2014 http www rfidjournal com faq show 139 Google Earth http earth google com N p n d Web 12 Mar 2014 Google My Maps https www google com maps d u 0 N p n d Web 12 Mar 2014 Namal S M Analysis of Soccer Actions using Wireless Accelerometers presented a
37. em is both functional and accurate For professional match standards there is a guarantee for both the client and the competition organizer that the system has been installed correctly however there are a multitude of field tests that are undergone to ensure that the system is evidently functioning properly The same guarantee should be required for the competitive level as the data being collected on players should accurately match their actual performances In addition to having the specific hardware components aforementioned the system must have an intuitive simple user interface so that the process in which a manager observes the data can be expedited In order for individual circuits to swap their information they must share a common communication protocol The specific software language for programming the microcontroller utilized will be the Arduino language in which no specific drivers will have to be installed for coding to work The proper board serial port and tools will have to be selected on the Arduino application in order to connect to the microcontroller and upload the programmed code When the GPS unit and microcontroller are connected properly to the computer the GPS module will start sending coded positional data even if the module is not fixed Thus the GPS module will have to be directly outside in order to get a fix on a satellite When the GPS module is fixed valid data will be sent to the microcontroller and stored on
38. h memory for data collection over a period of approximately hour A typical scrimmage 15 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 during a practice session will last around half the length of a match thus the GPS system must have sufficient power and memory to function correctly and help team managers gain a sense of which players to include in their starting lineup In order for the system to be effective in yielding useful aggregate data the GPS package must have proper connection from the receiver to the microcontroller and power source All component pins will have to be soldered correctly to form a solid electrical connection so that devices can send and receive signals Clearly raw positional data is meaningless to the end user regardless of how accurate it may be Therefore the system must also have the ability to provide the user with a visual representation or field map of a player s current location over time The visual representation will include clustered points with each point representing the location of the player on the field at an exact time By observing the specific location and time of a group of points data can be gathered on player movement and their positioning on the field in relation to their given playing position The data points should be viewable to the coach or team manager in which a few important performance statistics are given to alleviate decisions for coaches on playing time for each player The GPS system
39. he GPS package can be improved The GPS package should be robust and all solder 28 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 connections will need to be correct in order for the system to function properly For each component of the system the pins within the circuit will have to be arranged correctly In addition the coding required to complete the project may be extensive thus I will have to account for the time the coding may take and draw out specific block diagrams and state machines to gain a fundamental understanding of the code Once the positional data on a player is uploaded from the device the software should be presentable and allow for the user to easily view the speed of the player the direction they travel and how often they are making high intensity runs on the field Overall this project will be considered a success 1f the system can provide useful accurate data to coaches intuitively at the competitive level to help them gain a better sense of how their team can be improved as a unit 29 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Final Design and Implementation In this section the final implementation of the system will be presented in which the components and functions are described The final design is composed of a GPS package with the main intent to provide the user with informative statistics on player movements over the course of a training session or game The design report is broken down into two phases of development to
40. ion making in order to assess players better on the field Due to the quick aggressive pace of the matches in higher level competitions managers and coaches are only able to clearly focus on a group of players and they are not able to track each player s positioning simultaneously Data regarding the speed of player s movements as well as their proximity with each other can clearly assist coaches and allow them to make better informed decisions The remainder of this design report 1s organized comprehensively as follows First the paper focuses on the history of statistics in European football soccer and discusses the different technologies used to gain viable performance statistics in soccer Second the design requirements section outlines the specific requirements and components that the design must satisfy in order for the system to be useful for coaches In addition the design requirements detailed the design process and goals as well as potential costs Third the next section examines the alternative designs and technologies considered for each component of the system Fourth the preliminary proposed design section explains the complete design of the system and its underlying components and parts The project specifications will be presented in a comprehensive manner as to gain a full understanding of the general concept of the project ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Background Within recent years statistics relating to
41. istics is added a pitch coordinate each player and team reference as well as a time stamp These variables enable Opta to provide hundreds of statistics on where events occurred which players were involved and when they took place Opta s 12 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 attention to detail and range of information on every ball contact is the largest available from any provider however it is only accessible through high definition broadcasts which are not clearly not attainable at every level for competitive soccer Opta s comprehensive statistical data can provide a well defined level of analysis and insight that can support editors and commentators as well A cost effective viable alternative to the solutions provided is to utilize a Global Positioning System GPS for obtaining the precise location of player on field on time The GPS system consists of a cluster of 35 navigation satellites with 24 satellites active at any given time for easy accessibility 1 GPS technology allows for exact coordinates of an individual s current location over a certain time span By listening in on more than three satellite transmissions a GPS system can triangulate a specific location on Earth Most GPS modules are more accessible than ever and further developed which allows for GPS systems to be used successfully as a position tracking device The update rate of a GPS module is important as it 1s the frequency at which the device recalcul
42. ith the key insights needed in order to maximize team performance The aggregate data can then be converted into simulations and graphs viewable on a computer enabling coaches and players to identify and assess key metrics 22 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 such as player speed position and total distance traveled A top level block diagram of the overall system can be seen as follows in Figure 2 GPS Subsystem GPS Module Arduino Bluetooth USB Microcontroller Computer Power Supply Figure 2 Top level Block Diagram of Proposed System The project will consist of a GPS subsystem package which is comprised of an microcontroller battery pack GPS receiver and GPS shield connector which links the Arduino to the GPS receiver A microcontroller or development board will be necessary in order to evaluate the positional data received from the GPS sensor The specific microcontroller chosen will be the Arduino Uno R3 board which 1s a great intuitive development board with a USB input as well USB connection will be used initially to capture the data from the GPS sensor however Bluetooth connection would provide greater accessibility to coaches after a training session as the technology is wireless The GPS receiver will be attached to the arm or shirt of a player and will track the position of each of the players with the device over the course of a training session or a pre match practice session The GPS module must clearl
43. itive GPS 19 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 modules have been designed with software libraries for quick access to readable positional data Several companies have built GPS units that are compatible with Arduino development boards to obtain data smoothly regarding key performance metrics for coaches The only disadvantage to GPS technology is that there are realistic constraints that can affect the accuracy of the output data Ifa GPS module is utilized in an urban environment with tall concrete buildings that data can be altered GPS units can also be affected by the direction to which the ceramic module is positioned Overall there are a few limitations for GPS however the technology is accessible and allows for the use of intuitive development microcontrollers An interesting approach to increase the accuracy of positioning would be to gather three different occurrences of training session for a player and then access the data in MATLAB for statistical analysis The data could be graphed for each training session and the average of the three sessions could be observed as well Specific performance data could be gathered on players of differing positions to observe the physical demands of each position Clearly soccer at the competitive level requires players to cover a substantial distance but positional data regarding distance ran and number of rapid accelerations for each position could give coaches crucial information that may lea
44. le The baud rate that I found best to work was 115200 baud rate as the data was sent fast enough to display all of the raw GPS data necessary I chose to have a soft serial connection as opposed to having a direct connection so that the main UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter could be uploaded without having to use any wires By changing the software serial connection lines to pins 7 and 8 the Arduino IDE serial monitor was able to output and log raw GPS data onto the microSD card Logged GPS data from the microSD card on the GPS module can be observed in Figure 8 below GPGGA 035803 000 4249 1781 N 07355 6219 W 1 07 1 19 81 0 M 33 6 M 63 GPRMC 035803 000 A 4249 1781 N 07355 6219 W 5 74 18 14 210115 A 41 GPGGA 035804 000 4249 1793 N 07355 6209 W 1 06 1 23 83 0 M 33 6 M 6C GPRMC 035804 000 A 4249 1793 N 07355 6209 W 4 14 13 48 210115 A 41 GPGGA 035805 000 4249 1794 N 07355 6207 W 1 06 1 35 83 5 M 33 6 M 66 GPRMC 035805 000 A 4249 1794 N 07355 6207 W 0 10 13 48 210115 A 49 GPGGA 035806 000 4249 1799 N 07355 6204 W 1 06 1 35 85 7 M 33 6 M 6F GPRMC 035806 000 A 4249 1799 N 07355 6204 W 0 20 13 48 210115 A 47 GPGGA 035807 000 4249 1805 N 07355 6202 W 1 06 1 23 87 7 M 33 6 M 67 GPRMC 035807 000 A 4249 1805 N 07355 6202 W 0 21 13 48 210115 A 4B GPGGA 035808 000 4249 1814 N 07355 6200 W 1 06 1 23 90 1 M 33 6 M 6A GPRMC 035808 000 A 4249 1814 N 07355 6200 W 0 13 13 48 210115 A 47 GPGGA 035809 000 4249
45. meet the end goal of providing clear data for coaches hardware and software Hardware In order to function properly any GPS module requires correct wiring or soldering to both input and output pins The Adafruit Ultimate GPS shield allows for precise positioning without having to wire any components together in which each shield is pre assembled and tested for the Arduino Uno Although soldering is required to attach the shield to the programmable microcontroller the input and output pins are all designed and set in an organized manner The GPS module on the shield has a refresh rate of up to 10 Hz 66 channels and a very high sensitivity of 165 dBm In addition the module draws only 20mA of current at a low power which 1s half of most alternative GPS modules A 4 GB MicroSD card slot is used for GPS data logging onto a removable card which is sufficient as the largest text files during testing only accumulated several hundred kilobytes of data over a period of 30 minutes The GPS module can retrieve a fix at a multitude of locations however urban environments may affect the accuracy of the recording and cause outliers in the GPS data Once the GPS unit has been activated by uploading the Arduino software and has achieved a fix on the GPS satellites the system generates a new position estimate 30 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 approximately at a pulse per second PPS output PPS signals are used for precise timekeeping and time m
46. memory and wireless capability would allow for the user to simply upload the data to a computer for tracking a player s movement rather than having to remove and input an SD card for every use By having Bluetooth or wireless integration GPS data could be constantly streamed to the user In addition an improved user display would appeal more to coaches and users To improve the accuracy performance of the system an external antenna with the GPS module s u FL connector could be used The external antenna 1s very minimal and would not add much weight to the project The antenna would draw an extra 10mA and yield an additional 28dB of gain for a boost in performance Having an external antenna would be advantageous for the user to receive as strong a signal as possible to track to more satellites The more satellites a receiver can detect the greater the accuracy of the information the unit provides In retrospect the project design experience allowed me to dive into many aspects of product design and electrical engineering applications I was able to dive into software applications control algorithms GPS hardware NMEA sentences and robust product design practices Identifying the main design requirements before delving into the project was also important to take into consideration during the design process Overall the project experience was definitely a rewarding process from both the standpoint of my own education and of the department A gr
47. n a player s game First every competitive manager has a different approach to how they want to their team to line up If an individual player does not meet the requirements of a manager s system they are likely to be assigned to a role on the bench but if a player can capitalize on their opportunities consistently they will be given a starting roll At the competitive level the conventional team formation 1s a 4 2 3 1 which consists of four defenders two defensive midfielders three attacking midfielders and one forward Each player at the competitive level has considerable experience and is assumed to meet their assigned position A defender s task is to keep the ball away from opponents in a protective manner and prevent the opposing forwards from passing and receiving the ball Defending requires individual players to work hard be quick to anticipate the movement and passing of opponents and position themselves as to not allow ample space to pass for the opposing team Midfielders tend to be well rounded players however their task requires greater running and movement as they have to bring the ball up and prevent the ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 ball from reaching their defenders when dispossessed Forwards are positioned closest to the opponent s goal and they have to be able to distract defenders and receive the ball well to create scoring opportunities by positioning themselves properly Individual positioning 1s very im
48. nts relating to a player s position a coach will be able to conclude whether a player is too stationary or running around too much given their position x Player Fesitor P Distance Traveled H Number of nah W FONGEN VUAS Y4 Avg Velocity P E Ag Yosition Coo rdineres Figure 4 Layout of Software Output including Performance statistics In addition to having a diagram tracking a player s position over the course of a training session graphs could be utilized to compare each player on a team and contrast 26 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 their playing style given their specific position With graphical representations and player comparisons it will be simpler for the user to view which players are being overworked or underperforming Having user feedback will allow for constant improvements to be made to the software and account for design flaws as well Ultimately the long term goal would be to provide coaches with an intuitive application that could be used to track players and yield significant statistics that would help coaches better instruct their players 27 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Initial Design and Construction Once the necessary parts were obtained to start the project construction the first three weeks were begun constructing the design and works towards designing a prototype By week 4 of the winter trimester a functioning prototype was constructed and field tests were performe
49. o 12 00 Total 249 47 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Table 2 List of components for the proposed project The indicates the component will be covered by the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department 2x indicates that the quantity of the specific component will be two The table does not include the relatively inexpensive components such as a microSD card reader as well as the cost of batteries used for the project From a financial standpoint the GPS unit has good financial marketability Although there are better GPS devices on the market with greater precision the GPS unit provides the necessary statistics at the competitive level for a fraction of the price The market cost to produce each GPS unit would equate to approximately 95 which includes the Adafruit Ultimate GPS shield Arduino Uno microcontroller battery and microSD card Each GPS unit produced could be used for a player on a club team and data could be collected and compared for a group of players who play similar positions on the field 48 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Discussion Conclusions and Recommendations The successful development of a GPS unit that tracks player movements specifically for soccer was the result of three terms of brainstorming planning research and implementation The overall aim of the senior design project was to develop a prototype by exercising some of the fundamental engineering concepts learned in a capstone
50. ogram uploading microSD card data retrieval and parsing the data The GPS unit was designed and assembled with an Adafruit Ultimate GPS shield an Arduino microcontroller an Adafruit Bluetooth EZ link module optional a microSD memory card MiNE armband and a 9V battery supply Before handling the GPS unit it is important to note that there are three LEDs on board to help you with debugging and status updates The green PWR LED tells you that there is at least a good 3V power supply If this isn t on there is either a serious problem with the power supply or your device is not connected The yellow L13 and microSD card access LED is connected to digital 13 which is convenient for telling when the Arduino is boot loading and also will flicker whenever the microSD card is accessed The red FIX LED is connected to the GPS s fix output When this 1s turning on off once a second it does not have a fix When the LED blinks once every 15 seconds the GPS has a fix to satellites In addition ensure that the microSD card 1s placed in its socket First the GPS unit must be powered on and plugged into the computer using the interface cable to upload the Arduino script to the microcontroller The Arduino script correctly shows how to listen to the GPS module in an interrupt which allows serial GPS data to be logged Once the Arduino sdlog code is uploaded the GPS unit can be taken outside for data logging over the course of training session Make sure the
51. ork rate or higher rate of movement leads to players tracking to the ball more when not in possession Speed of players was also important but the statistic was easier to gage as it is usually clear who is fastest during training sprints Coach Speck who had years of experience coaching at the Division III level noted that there had been a video tracking solution used at the University of North Carolina which can track the number of touches a player has and records which direction they occur in The direction in which a player makes passes and runs was another good indicator of player performance Table 1 below displays the main and secondary requirements for the design project Table 1 Design Requirements Primary Requirements Secondary Requirements Display position accurately within 2 m Bluetooth Integration Robust encasing and attachment Affordability of the prototype Adequate Battery Power Modular system Programmable Microcontroller Minimize Device Sufficient Memory Intuitive User display or output Feedback from coaches on design Sufficient refresh rate for GPS module 18 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Design Alternatives The fundamental technical challenge associated with this project was positioning as it was the area in which the most energy was devoted to evaluating alternative designs and technologies For accurate movement and positioning GPS 1s the most affordable solution in addition to being widely
52. portant as players need to be able to make runs into open space to receive the ball and position themselves correctly as to not allow the opposing team to link together too many passes To highlight the challenge that a manager may have in trying to track each of his eleven field players Fig 1 which tracks player positions during a Professional soccer match can be observed below CHE Mi Min 10 F brega i Wee ats Created by cchappas and colinttrainor Fig 1 Position Tracking of Players By having a clear data map for the positioning of each player during a training session or match coaches can gain greater insight about their individual players strengths and how their team can utilize the data to improve their positioning Thus the motivation for this project was to provide managers and coaches specifically for soccer with informative statistics that could aid them to make better decisions and better instruct their players For team management this data can be used not only to analyze an ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 individual player s performance but also to provide team wide data to see how much the team is moving together as a unit when they possess the ball The data can then be used for managers to ascertain which players are faltering and strive to help them regain their form based on the combined individual and team data The overall objective is to provide greater insight to coaches in their decis
53. process Initially developing detailed design requirements for a project based on desired needs and realistic constraints was a daunting thought at the end of the first term of the capstone design course With many options for GPS devices microcontrollers and data calculating software designing the optimal system for my budget and goals was a rewarding experience Through the capstone design process I learned valuable lessons in time management budgeting of available funds and setting weekly attainable goals Being organized in the design and implementation process was critical to the success of the project By researching on the design setting up a documented schedule and ordering all of the components on the project by the end of the fall term I was able to get a good grasp of what needed to be done during the winter term Once the winter term started diligently working on the project each week was the only way that I was able to meet the Week 8 presentation deadline I intend on continuing to test the GPS unit during the course of the spring term and make improvements to the user display First the Arduino Uno microcontroller is limited to 32 KB thus the data had to be stored on a microSD card for proper storage of the logged GPS data Because the logged GPS data had to be stored on an external microSD card wireless capability was essentially defeated An improved microcontroller 49 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 with greater
54. quantified and takes years to develop to break into the higher level competitions in addition to player fitness Statistics are usually the main indicator of performance at the competitive and professional level but player ability and mentality is what coaches usually look for Ultimately the final system successfully meets close to all of the design goals and requirements set out in the fall term and future work will be implemented to improve the design I was not able to perform as many field tests as originally expected due to the recent snow and cold winter weather however I plan to test out the GPS unit more and experiment with a user wearing two units to observe any discrepancies in the measured GPS data Overall I am confident that I captured the qualitative discussion of the system including what parameters are the most practical in regard to training for soccer 44 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Production Schedule The production schedule was proposed during the fall term during ECE 498 and planned to completely implement the design project by the end of the winter term for ECE 499 The initial proposed schedule appeared sufficient in the beginning but several changes were implemented to the schedule due to the presentation and demonstration date being announced at the start of winter term A specific outline of the initial proposed design project going forward into the winter trimester can be observed as follows in Fig 18
55. r s speed distance travelled and position when a satellite fix 1s received After filtering in the logged data the software displays the positional track of the player during a training session while also providing a speed plot and some practical statistics relating to soccer for the user ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Table of Contents Chapter Page Repor Sna eure ee we retrrer ents Terres E rrey treme er Trerer enn Terr rrer tetra 2 Table oT Fig res and Tables rernroniiseein a E A 5 MANO CUE OMA cere aiticn baci cceer starsat en te gece e E bntcceeslgdet ten E in dcceesieidee 6 TAC KOR OUING ae oicpe tinh oewhcn Genco E A E E A EA TEO 9 eS TO REC UIT MENS cineca shes tie ean etetd pain tase dee uae etek ace tele aot are een ett acne aici 14 DES 110 AA CTI AUIVES ciran O O 19 Preliminary Proposed DESS N sissies aeccoencsersacctengs gua cicevatay E AE 22 Initial Deston amd OnstHUCllOM menemen a oe auton ta aa 28 Final es totivand Tim plementaul ON 605 35 259055 tesa cecedeiccayie dy ance pactoanaaw ae edaengeed assests 30 Performance Estimates and Results cccssssssssssssssssssssssssssesesssssessssessesesseeseesssseeeseeas 4 PrOGUC HOI schedule ienne E TE 45 COST Anah S18 a a R a E R eegeal ten canes 47 Discussion Conclusions and Recommendations ccecceecesccceeccesccessccesccesccessceusceeee 49 RiGICECIICES dirasai E a a E a E 32 APD MIN ar T AE A T 53 Users Manudhane eea Raunt 53 COJ an reer nr r
56. raining session An RTC backup battery coin cell is provided in which a real time clock will automatically set itself to the correct signal from a satellite Ifthe 9V battery source dies and the GPS loses power the time will have be reset until a signal is received again With the RTC backup battery it will keep time even after a power loss In addition there are several additional breakout pins that can be used to add any wiring to the GPS unit if necessary Two different GPS units were built for the design project one required serial USB connection and the other had Bluetooth capability The advantage of the GPS unit that required USB connection was that the design only used two shields and was minimal while the GPS unit with Bluetooth was taller and occupied more space The Bluetooth serial link module allowed for intuitive pairing and connection in which the module can automatically detect and change the serial baud rate for the GPS module The only nuisance with the Bluetooth EZ link was that the data upload time was greater than that of a wired connection up to 15 seconds for uploading The GPS unit with USB connection worked better with the project enclosure that could attach to a user s arm as the unit could be inserted in the enclosure with ease The serial USB cable could be connected to the USB port on the Arduino in the enclosure The enclosure was used to secure the Arduino GPS shield and 9V battery together when shaking around at
57. rant Program 1s 249 in which shipping costs were included As most of the parts were ordered from Adafruit Industries the shipping costs were free and an educational discount was applied to reduce the cost of order The complete project funding is requested from the Student Research Grant Program and the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Table 3 Component Expenditures GPS Logger Shield Retail Kit 2x Tracking movements of player on field 104 00 Includes a US Global Sat 66 Channel GPS receiver GPS shield connector interface communication cable and Arduino stackable headers The GPS shield connects directly to an Arduino via the stackable headers Arduino Uno Microcontroller Development Board used for evaluating player s movements 50 00 Atmega328 2x 9V Battery Holder 2x Provide power for GPS sensor and microcontroller 8 00 Bluetooth Link Shield for Arduino Allow for wireless connection from microcontroller to 25 00 computer USB cable Provide connection from microcontroller to CPU x MATLAB R2014a Necessary software to capture and analyze data on movement i e positioning runs total distance traveled Soldering Iron Solder Necessary for soldering stackable pins to GPS shield Enclosure for Arduino Provide necessary protection for both GPS devices 30 00 4GB micro SD 2x Required for sufficient memory 16 00 MiNE Armband Armband utilized for encasing the GPS shield and Arduin
58. rere rear arn re re err cn Te mer ents menue Terre an Teer rere ate 55 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Table of Figures and Tables Figures Fig 12 Position Trackine On PAY CUS eoira A A AA 7 Fig 2 Top Level Block Diagram of Proposed System cccccssseeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeaaeaes 23 Fig 3 GPS Module connection to Arduino ccceeeeeessssssesssesssssseeseesssssessssesessssseeeeeees 24 Fig 4 Layout of Software Output including Performance Statistics cccceeeeeeeeeeeees 26 Fig 5 Soldering the shield with pin headers ccccccccccsssseseecececeeecaeeeeeeccceeeeeaaaeeeees 32 Fig 6 Schematic of the Adafruit Ultimate GPS Shield cece ceceesssntteeeeeeeeeeeeeees 33 Fig 7 Diagram of finalized GPS Unit in enclosure 20 0 cccccccssessseeecccceeecaaeeeeeeeeeees 35 Fig 8S Raw GPS Data NMEA Sentents siomia a a a 36 Fig 9 Tab delimited GPRMC and GPGGA data ccccccccccccessecceeesseeeeeesssseeeeeeaeees 37 Fig 10 Tab delimited SGPGGA fix data oo ccccecccscccsssccesseecesseccesseecesseecesseceesseeesseeeesas 38 Fig 11 GPS Column data imported to Matlab 0 0 cecscceccccceecceeeseseeecceeeeeeaaeneees 38 Pig 12 Importing Varrable Name Data c c c cetacean aes 39 Fig 13 GPRMC and GPGGA Variable Names ccccccccceessscceesssseceeesssseceessseeeeens 39 Pig 14550 Yard Sprint Of Batley Fiela wicciseesaccsswnsiostnasdanwheaiitssxeduvaevaswndeeriaasdsawteaeitesueewve
59. s 42 Fic 1ST est Statistics arom 50 Yard SOM seeur asieestidauaneauiuerts 43 Fig 6 Irine Session Field Data esac cscntesesiccees cauasanciaatiebteuaaunistesiwee tamer E 43 Fig t7 Test Statistics from rain Oo SESSION a avscsesioentvatancisevaawirecgestesseseruivisaenaiseeioomie 44 Fic 18 Initial Desion Project Schedulesesmeani e TA 45 Tables Table T Design Reguiremeh iS sessed sesdecanuvaceisenvnschaxesacernisestadaeaderassnasttabusesnsan secu tedanaseieisees 18 Table 2 Implemented Schedule for Senior Design Project cc cessseeeesseeeeeeeeeeeeees 46 Tables Component EXpenditUTES simsii riaria snednewada rushes senate ATT sees 47 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Introduction In competitive soccer at the club and varsity level it 1s very difficult for managers to assess every player on the field equally as each player is moving concurrently in a specialized position In a match managers and coaches are not able to keep track of all eleven players at once My project aims to provide greater insight to coaches in their decision making in order to assess players better on the field By having quantifiable data regarding each player coaches can make more informed decisions on who to include in the starting lineup and how players can improve their positioning on the field Because each player is assigned to their position and expected to complete a specific task it can be challenging to pinpoint distinct strengths and weaknesses i
60. soccer as well as many other sports have skyrocketed as a result of innovative advances in technology such as improvements in detection software new statistical regression applications as well as new cost effective GPS sensors and accelerometers 4 The level of detail in data collection adds another dimension to the world of soccer which allows for more innovative broadcast coverage and engaging sports journalism as well as better professional data analysis Managers at the competitive level are always keen to obtain access to the most useful data in order to produce a calculated winning strategy Success can never be fully planned in soccer however innovative technology can definitely provide teams with better data to improve their performance The key performance metric I am observing within my senior project is using GPS to estimate speed and positioning of players on field Positioning of players within soccer refers to the process of determining a player s precise location on the field over the course of a match or training session For each assigned position a player must implement a specific task successfully in order for the team to function well as a unit Each manager has a different playing system which may not cater to every player at first but having a better sense of positioning on the field can educate players on how to improve as a team as well There have been several previous solutions that were used to track positioning and
61. ssing a soccer ball with the GPS unit being attached When passing the ball around a different variety of speeds were tested to see how accurate the GPS module was Itis difficult to gage how accurate the system was however the measured GPS data could be uploaded in Google Maps in order to approximate the precise tracked path of the GPS unit over the course of a logged session A display plot of the positional data and relative speed is shown below in Figure 16 from one of the samples from the field tests on February 25 2015 Figure 17 displays the statistics of the field test corresponding to the same position and speed plots Speed mph Positional Data 42 8174 42 8172 42 817 42 8168 Latitude degrees 42 8166 i 42 8164 73 2595 73 259 73 2585 Longitude degrees Speed Data Time seconds Figure 16 Training Session Field Data 43 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 gt gt GPSPassingData Statistics Average Speed 3 264522 mph Maximum Speed 17 848582 mph Total Distance Travelled 0 359098 miles Percentage of Time spent Sprinting 0 148207 Tracking Angle 159 714242 Average Number of Satellites 8 954198 Elevation 288 804080 ft Elapsed Time 6 516667 minutes Figure 17 Test Statistics from training session Having these statistics is useful however it is not the final delineator of a player s performance A player s adeptness is something that cannot be
62. t the Industrial Informatics 2006 IEEE International Conference Singapore Aug 16 18 2006 Northumbria University Future of football GPS and miniature accelerometers to better assess player s training load and fitness levels ScienceDaily N d Sept 21 2010 Accessed Sept 16 2014 http www sciencedaily com releases 2010 09 100916073412 htm Opta Sports Pro High definition live sport data N p n d Accessed 6 Nov 2014 http www optasports com services broadcast data graphics on screen aspx Swedberg Claire RFID helps Soccer Teams Keep Their Eye on the Ball and Their Players RFID Journal May 13 2012 Accessed Sept 15 2014 http www rfidjournal com articles view 93 15 Wisbey B P Montgomery D Pyne and B Rattray Quantifying movement demands of AFL football using GPS tracking Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport vol 13 no 5 pp 531 536 Sept 2010 Accessed Oct 21 2014 http www sciencedirect com science article pii S 1440244009001844 Zhang Bill Money Ball to World Cup Big Data in Professional Sports Arcadiasolutions com n d Accessed Sept 3 2014 http www arcadiasolutions com money ball world cup big data professional sport 52 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Appendix User s Manual This section provides instructions for the operation and maintenance of the project The manual details the proper GPS module statuses battery replacement pr
63. ter enabling coaches and players to identify and assess key metrics such as player speed position and possession time in each match These insights were then used during pre match preparations to improve player and team performance In addition to enabling the German team to analyze its own performance SAP match insights can help coaches and players to identify opponent s strengths and weaknesses as well as inform defensive tactics 9 With this information coaches can employ specific strategies for individual players to improve themselves and maximize the team as a unit to counter their opponents Like the RFID system presented before the software can extract data on individual players and present it in an easily viewable and intuitive form so that coaches can assess the tempo and position of players quickly Again the main overall problem is that most team managers at the competitive level do not have access to such technologies that allow for accurate sensing of players in an intuitive manner These products are sustainable for the future but they cater to the professional market which decreases the availability for those at the non professional competitive level Opta a sports data company headquartered in London provides a wide variety of data feeds on performance data by working with premier sports broadcasters who have access to high definition cameras with superb frame rates 6 For each event logged a series of descriptive stat
64. uetooth receiver connected to the microcontroller so the individual analyzing the data can simply bring their laptop to the field to quickly acquire specific information after a practice By having a wireless design the overall system is more approachable for the end user as only a computer and GPS package are required to collect and read the data Ultimately the overall system should be modular as well so that a technical user can add additional features or even remove some of the included features The GPS package should be able to be redesigned and rebuilt by the developer as well if any problems do occur In addition the overall design should be shown to a coach to gather feedback and input from a potential user of the system Feedback from Coaches Before testing and calculating performance statistics using the GPS unit a primary requirement in the project was to acquire some feedback from experienced 17 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 soccer coaches I interviewed the head women s soccer coach Brian Speck and the men s soccer coach Jeff Guinn for some feedback on which statistics can are most valuable for improving team performance The most vital performance estimate determined by the two coaches was distance travelled by a player as it is a good indicator to the extent of how much a player contributes to the team Another valuable performance indicator was a player s work rate or positioning on the field Having a higher w
65. umn data 38 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 Allocate imported array to column variable names VarName2 data 1 Time VarName3 data 2 Latitude N2 cellVectors 1 VarName5 data 3 Longitude W2 cellVectors 2 VarName7 data 4 Fix Indicator VarName11 data 5 Number of Satellites VarNamel2 data 6 Horizontal Dilution of Position VarName13 data 7 Altitude in Meters Figure 12 Importing Variable Name Data For GPRMC sentences the data provided in variable names include latitude longitude speed and tracking angle Because the longitude data is not on a NWSE scale and only a NW scale thus a negative value has to be added to longitude due to the location being in the western hemisphere GPGGA variable names are input as number of satellites horizontal dilution of position and altitude in meters The format for the variable names in Matlab can be observed below in Figure 13 nnn Change Variable Names here Converting from parsed GPS NMEA format to decimal values GPRMC Sentences lat VarName4 long VarName6 Negative value due to location in Western Hemisphere x VarNames Speed knots a VarName9 Tracking Angle GPGGA Sentences b VarNamell Number of Satellites c VarNamel2 Horizontal Dilution of Position d VarNamel13 Altitude in Meters Field Perimeter Fixed Variable Names latfield
66. ver the course of a training session and then analyze the collected data regarding each player in a timely manner After a training session or practice is complete a team can analyze this data on a computer to customize training and prepare for the next match The data will essentially consist of positional data points with specific points indicating the exact time and position of the player during a practice Given the exact positions over time coaches will be able to observe whether or not their players are playing out of position or not and what can be done in training to improve the team Ultimately the main objective of the position tracking system is to provide managers and coaches with clearly defined data that can be used to determine which players can be better positioned to maximize their performance on the field The overall goal of the project is to utilize a GPS sensor to track the position of players on field during a training session to gather specific data that could be used to quantify which players are either playing out of position or not contributing to the team enough Each player will receive a small encased GPS package including a sensor microcontroller and method of power The system will be attached to either the shirt or arm of the player via an armband and will collect data within seconds after being powered on Data regarding the speed of player s movements as well as their proximity to each other can provide managers w
67. y provide accurate positioning for managers and have a sufficient refresh rate in order to track the high intensity runs 23 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 that player make The particular chosen GPS device was a 66 channel GPS module which had a refresh rate of 5 Hz or 5 times per second for better data collection To power the microcontroller and GPS sensor one standard alkaline 9V battery rated at 590 mAh will be used The supply is more than sufficient to power the microcontroller for and is regulated to 5V when fully charged In addition to powering the microcontroller a micro SD memory card will be necessary in order to store the collected data since the Arduino only has a storage space of 32 KB For the overall project the aim is to have 2 GPS packages so different players can be analyzed and compared for work rates and position The GPS subsystem which contains the GPS receiver with a micro SD input shield kit and Arduino Uno R3 can be observed below Note that the battery pack is not attached to the subsystem in the following diagram Figure 3 66 Channel GPS Module Shield Kit connection to Arduino After designing and constructing the prototype which will be used during the testing phase of the design project it is important to review over what will be measured as well as what the testing conditions are The purpose of the final installation test is to 24 ECE499 Design Report Winter 2015 determine that the syst

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