English-to-Hebrew Software (E2H)
Contents
1. Read more on the language bar here http windowshelp microsoft com Windows en US help cc452fac 0858 4baf bc0 1 005ef3c901751033 mspx On VISTA various things prevent the built in Windows Language Bar from working It is the Language Bar that allows switching between Hebrew Greek English keyboard layouts For it to work make sure the Task Scheduler service is started N B Task Scheduler depends on other services RPC and Event Log PDF After one has Hebrew fonts working it is likely that a desire to share files will follow However other folks may not have the Hebrew fonts on their system Therefore it is important to turn files into PDF format and share those In MS Word 2007 there is a a free PDF add on that lets the user convert any file to PDF http www microsoft com downloads details aspx Familyld F1FC413C 6D89 4F15 991B 63B07BA5F2E5 amp displaylang en This add on is important because it allows for the embedding of Hebrew fonts into a file and the others who may not have the needed font can still properly view the file2. Help Checkbox The E2H program will Help the user by displaying the Hebrew phrase that matches an English input However if Help is turned off if this check box is unchecked then the user will have to supply the Hebrew equivalent even if that Hebrew equivalent is available to E2H in the lexicon By turning off Help the user is able to gain the benefit of repetition repeatedly entering Hebrew phrases Important When Help is turned off the lexicon will still be updated with the English gt Hebrew mappings in the cases where the mapping is not already in the lexicon Auto copy Hebrew to Clipboard Checkbox This check box will cause E2H to copy the most recent Hebrew sentence into the clipboard after each pass through Step 4 In this way the latest Hebrew phrase is always ready to be pasted into MS Word or any other word processor that supports the SBL Hebrew font E2H User s Manual www MrRives com Reset Screen button also activated by pressing Alt R Pressing this button will erase all the visible fields on the current screen and prepare the user to enter the next phrase Pressing this button will not reset or erase any data in the lexicon database Undo Last button also activated by pressing the key combination Alt U Pressing this button will remove the last word typed into the English box along with subtracting the corresponding Hebrew equivalent from the sentence This will not remove the word from the Lexicon database
3. s Grammar Following are selected answers to English to Hebrew and Hebrew to English Many of the English answers were compared to a key that comes from C John Collins via his students The answers in Hebrew are provided without the advantage of being validated against another source and likely contain errors The selected answers trail off to fewer and fewer as the book progress It would take considerable time to complete every exercise In the Hebrew answers words have been placed in pause using the pDA AID end of verse sign along with the pido marker KA Likewise the MINN Ch is used as a logical divider when possible see pages 20 21 in Weingreen for further explanation Words that are accented TYIN are shown with the accent on their tone syllable the reason for this is that generally enter such words into E2H with accents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 d A Answers to J Weingreen s A Practical Grammar 2 ed www MrRives com Exercise 1 The Article Page 26 1 a king the king 2 a day the day 3 a night the night 4 a light the light 5 a city the city 6 a head the head 7 darkness the darkness 8 a temple the temple 9 dust the dust 10 the day and the night 11 the light and the darkness 12 a king and a man the king and the man 13 ground and dust the earth and the dust 14 a city and a te
4. By doing Step 4 pressing TAB the mapping of English to Hebrew is stored The only way to undo an entry in the database is to Edit the Lexicon Edit Lexicon button Pressing this will bring up a Notepad version of the English to Hebrew mappings This file is the database of the user s input Be careful with this One can safely edit and save this file However it is not advisable to continue doing Steps 1 through 4 while this file is open The user should Edit the Lexicon save any changes then return to doing Steps 1 through 4 About button This button displays the version of the program and also gives buttons that lead to instructions on how to configure Hebrew Fonts on aPC Notice also on the about screen that the version of the software you are using is displayed In this case it is version 1 0 5 26 09 That is version 1 0 last built on May 26 2009 The web site has the latest version for download If you are a registered user then you may be eligible to receive free upgrades About EnglishT oHebrew X ng Stephen 5 Rives English To Hebrew version 1 0 5 26 09 Copyright C 2009 Written for use with Weingreen s Classical Hebrew English to Hebrew exercises To make Full use of this program you z need to download and install the SBL Get Font and Driver Hebrew font and the SBL keyboard driver d Answers to J Weingreen s A Practical Grammar 2 ed www MrRives com Il Selected Answers to Weingreen
5. If you use macros in MS Word 2007 then incorporate the following three functions one for each language GREEK ENGLISH and HEBREW Add the above macros to MS Word then customize your MS Word keyboard so that a different key combination will launch each For me F4 puts MS Word into Hebrew mode F5 for English and F4 is mapped to Greek MS Word is not the only editor used The Windows Language Bar capabilities are needed to type Greek and Hebrew onto web pages emails and other places of communication People do not need the SBL Hebrew and Greek fonts to read Hebrew and Greek As an example the following Arial text demonstrates Greek and Hebrew written in a common font EV APXN Nv oyog TONX N7 YD IN A timid user should allocate an hour to go through and configure their computer following the links have provided and installing all the correct components That hour however will be paid back with the joy of confidently using Greek and Hebrew in electronic publications More importantly to our purposes here E2H needs to run on a computer that is configured for Hebrew Additional Trouble Shooting and Technical Notes 1 IMPORTANT On Vista if you have configured your computer so that less things run on startup you may have disabled the language bar If that is the case use RegEdit and add the following value HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SOFTWARE Microsoft Windows CurrentVersion Run ctfmon CTFMON EXE
6. English before then the user must provide the Hebrew equivalent thus building the English to Hebrew lexicon The software does not check the validity of the words entered and so the adage holds garbage in garbage out E2H is no better than the user s knowledge of Hebrew In my own use of the software have invented a system of declined English can type in certain English phrases and get out a declined Hebrew equivalent Adjectives in Hebrew can be feminine or masculine as in the case of the word evil which can modify a masculine or feminine word would type evil f if the word being modified is feminine Likewise the English format use for more complex mappings follows the pattern of this example m your f When type that into the English input box am signifying that need an ending attached to a masculine m noun and want that ending to be the feminine f for your As a convention use the English word Thy to specify the Hebrew singular version of your use the English word Your to specify the Hebrew plural version of your Thus as an example the following yield different results m your f m thy f m thy m E2H User s Manual www MrRives com The third of those three means want the masculine ending for thy added to the end of masculine Hebrew noun In response E2H would return the Hebrew value stored in the Lexicon which have pre loaded as Wes One can examine the
7. oyn AW 11 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 d A Answers to J Weingreen s A Practical Grammar 2 ed www MrRives com i132 PRD OD MI WY VATT N RD 1 OTN WIN gt PTY Det Sita Awa TIM DIT DUAN IND ATA ANP OI PINTS OWI 1277 Tio VAN ON PSB WHY BD TIV N MAR WY DINT OVI AWN OTN TX ORW PIT TMA OR PI OWITP Dd NVI TVI ON AIT IW N VITRI NID WS WY OTT D7 3 T7977 NRT DDIR gt ORW Oginws DITI DNU PI N SUNT ID DID MDE NO TTA TIN AND N Exercise 5 Conjunction and Interrogative Pronouns Page 42 1 the heavens and the heavens in the heavens and in the heavens 2 the earth and the earth in the earth and in the earth 3 day and day from a day and from a day 4 and l ground and ground 5 Moses and Moses to Moses and to Moses 6 Samuel and Samuel to Samuel and to Samuel 7 God and God Yahweh and Yahweh 8 Jerusalem and Jerusalem 9 light and darkness 10 good and evil 11 evening and morning 12 day and night 13 fruit and fruit 14 what am and who am I 15 God distinguished between the light and between the darkness between the day and between the night 16 The evil men did not distinguish between the good and between the evil 17 Who is like Yahweh in the heavens and who is like Israel in the earth 18 God created heaven and earth 19 The words were good and wise which the old prophet spoke to the king 20 The man knew good and evil for he
8. wise king Yahweh is good to the people 10 Great darkness was upon the earth 11 God saw that the light is good which he created 12 Moses was a great man in the land 13 The king saw that a great darkness was upon the evil city 14 The woman came to Samuel 15 Moses said the land is good which Yahweh gave to the people 16 God created earth and heaven 17 the temple which is in the city is great 18 The man was like God 19 The was not a wise man like Samuel in the land 20 The woman said the word is good which the wise man spoke to the people 21 Light is in the day darkness is in the night DYD Dita VITIN ova Dita op TYN Jiv w00 TH wiv Wy DP yI yan ota yor TAN D37 OI T290 OI T79 P R AY DTR NVA AVI ND PTD TWA DT 2 77A NT DVT ANT X71 TWI TIX mI ND pI Da gt DYT Tin jV Y TYI JV WR mw N5 ANZ NI MRT ON T700 NTR TAT DI WY PR ngo N AWAY OVA TWN SPST OD DW 779 NIT TIT OPIS DRINY TDS 10 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 d A Answers to J Weingreen s A Practical Grammar 2 ed www MrRives com DYDY WNID NWA ma IT IPB TATIR NWN RIP gt Deanw Dx TIA WX WR TTD PRE WR OTA OPTS ATT NWR T27 gt DPD Tix avn yD A PR DWA DIT WR mI ND Exercise 4 Gender and Number Page 38 1 a good horse good horses a good mare good mares 2 a holy prophet holy prophets a holy prophetess holy prophetesses 3 a wise man wise men a wise woman wise w
9. And in the garden of the king they were from all fruit trees 8 The men of the city were exceedingly evil in the eyes of God and in the eyes of man 9 from all the people of the earth they came to Solomon king of Israel for he was exceedingly wise in the eyes of all the people 10 Samuel sat upon the ground before the chief sons of the prophets 11 The sons of Israel went out from the land of Egypt an exceedingly great people according to the word of Yahweh which he spoke to Moses 12 The king called to all the wise men of the land 13 The eyes of Yahweh are upon the good and not upon the evil 14 The wise ones of Egypt saw that the hand of God was in the land 15 The sons of the prophets called in a great voice Yahweh is the Holy one of Israel is One and God of all the Earth WAN Py IpINID ANA DILIP ONT 1997 7D PIR AN 7D WAY PATPYA TNATNT INV INI 13 Please contact Steve rives gmail com to see more of this document Appendix A Algorithm for Attaching the Hebrew Article 1 Attach 57 to the noun to be made definite 2 The 5 drops before the first letter of the noun Reason Vowelless 9 assimilates a If that letter is in n n 7 p then article 11 Reason Dissimilation b else if letter is in 1 9 8 7 then article 11 Note 9 8 5 weaker gutturals Reason Compensatory Lengthening c else article f If the first letter is a guttural and we get here we have virtual doubling or doubling by implication i
10. English to Hebrew Software E2H E2H User s Manual with Selected Answers to the English to Hebrew and Hebrew to English Exercises for J Weingreen s A PRACTICAL GRAMMAR FOR CLASSICAL HEBREW GRAMMAR 2 ED Stephen S Rives Last updated May 2009 J Weingreen s book A PRACTICAL GRAMMAR FOR CLASSICAL HEBREW GRAMMAR 2 ED presents students with Hebrew to English and English to Hebrew exercises The book was published in 1959 without an answer key It was also published before the invention of TrueType fonts PDF files Internet distribution and all the rest With the advent of such things it is now reasonable for individuals to publish their own answers My answers are not meant to be a key but do make them available They were entered into the computer with the aid of the MS Windows software called EnglishToHebrew exe or simply E2H That software may be more valuable than any particular set of answers and a major objective of this document is to provide a user s manual for E2H E2H is designed to allow seamless entry of both English and Hebrew within one software package The software remembers what the user types and builds an English to Hebrew database or lexicon In this way when a user types an English word or phrase that has been entered before the Hebrew equivalent is retrieved and automatically displayed If the software cannot locate the English word the user then provides the Hebrew equivalent The pair of w
11. TAB was pressed Step 2 which took the cursor to the Enter Hebrew Equivalent box In Step 3 787 was keyed in Now we are ready to press TAB again Step 4 which stores the mapping of Saw to NXT in the Lexicon Pressing TAB also takes the user back to the Enter English Phrase or Word so that the process can be repeated w EnglishT oHebrew M pooo E Saw 787 Following these four steps one continues to enter English phrases until the sentence or exercise is completed The sentence The King saw the woman in the Temple was entered into the software EnglishT oHebrew Saw 787 the king 797 the woman 7Wx7 in the temple 52 72 To end the sentence properly a marker was entered It is still up to us to edit the sentence however and place the final word oa in pause 4 E2H User s Manual www MrRives com B Advanced Options E2H is designed to have a simple four step interface as described above More advanced options are available and accessed through the various buttons and check boxes visible on the main screen EnglishT oHebrew Birks 1 ON a 4 Enter English Phrase or Word Enter Hebrew Equivalent Help Tab Tab 7 4 gt j l Auto copy Hebrew to r Clipboard H Undo Last Reset Screen About Edit Lexicon Following is a description of each of the buttons and their corresponding functions
12. ate from the tree which was in the garden 21 The woman said to the elders Men came from Israel in the night and in the in the morning they went out from the city 22 There was not a king in Israel and Samuel the prophet was head in the people 23 In the holy city an old and wise woman dwelt 24 Yahweh is God and king in the heavens and in the earth 25 Yahweh gave to Israel a good and great land and also great and holy prophets 26 What is the word which God spoke to the prophet 27 There was not a good man in all the city moa nda noo nda PRATT PYTT PYDI pya 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 5 6 7 d A Answers to J Weingreen s A Practical Grammar 2 ed www MrRives com ypu I owy gwm gwm OWT S N TWH Di ny IRW NW DAP DIRI OWI OI TT WN DWI TY Wa WR OWINT A 7700 aw 027 DONT TI DOIN OTH ONIN E PISA PD WY OVID pa Dvn pa nin an Exercise 6 Absolute and Construct States Page 48 1 lam not a prophet and am not the son of a prophet 2 The king saw a very old man in the temple and he did not know that he was a prophet of God 3 The word of Yahweh came to Samuel in the night 4 The prophet walked to the house of the king 5 The king of Egypt called out to Moses because there was darkness in the land of Egypt but for the sons of Israel there was light 6 The people did not obey the words of the prophets which they spoke in the name of Yahweh 7
13. called to Samuel in the night 17 God gave a woman to the man 18 Yahweh is king in the Heavens 19 The king walked to the temple in the night 20 God gave light to the man and to the woman 21 The king did not speak a word to Samuel 22 Samuel called to Yahweh 23 Yahweh did not give light to the people 24 Samuel walked in the city 25 Yahweh saw in Samuel a head leader for the people DPI pra orn Din pra Di NRTA NWR NWR NWT NWR TWR TPPA PH TVI PHT Va TW qy wha Ww DORIN DDN oO gt NA WIJN VR URI TAL DVA NY DMINwA IRNI DRN DAWA TK Tin n DIRIA NWR TOV DIRI NI NPA TIA DR NR A N TVA TAT T2 ya Dvd NIN ODN D ORY TD N7 ORNWIR TIT NIP TAHI TTY OVA NIP 16 17 18 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 d A Answers to J Weingreen s A Practical Grammar 2 ed www MrRives com WRT DTR DDR N72 0722 ONIIW ON TAT NA gt Deinw dx nin qx DPT NWR TAT ANI Exercise 3 Noun and Adjective Page 34 1 a good king the good king the king is good 2 a good woman the good woman the woman is good 3 an evil word the evil word the word is evil 4 an evil land the evil land the land is evil 5 a wise man the wise man the man is wise 6 A great temple the great temple the temple is great 7 The light is good and the darkness is evil 8 the people called with a great voice Yahweh he is the God in the heavens and upon the earth 9 The woman called to the
14. e may want to google on Language Bar and read the relevant setup information For the Greek keyboard configure the Language Bar so that the Greek Polytonic version is enabled Step 4 Learn the Keyboard layout structure of each font In the case of Hebrew download the SIL SBL document and print out the keyboard sheets The layout of the Greek keyboard is available here though this detailed Greek Polytonic site may be better Print the Hebrew keyboard layouts reduced versions and tape them close to where they will be used perhaps directly onto the computer itself Configure the Windows Language Bar so that when the grave tilde key is pressed there is a switch between languages This is configured by going under Settings Advanced Key Settings One keystroke lets the user switch keyboards Likewise in MS Word record keyboard switching macros and save them so fonts can be switched with one keystroke see macros below The theme in all of this is to change fonts and keyboard layouts with minimal effort MS Word will be a primary place that a person will interact with Hebrew Without any automation it takes two strokes change font change keyboard to switch languages However with MS Word macros click here to learn more how to write and use macros the processes of switching fonts and keyboard layouts can be shortened to one keystroke For example have the F4 key set to switch me to the SBL Hebrew font and the Hebrew keyboard layout
15. mappings by pressing the Edit Lexicon button One does not need to use my system of mapping because the software is flexible enough that anyone can invent their own system Additional Help on the SBL Fonts and using a Hebrew Keyboard The user needs the right fonts in order to use E2H Within E2H press the About button and notice the various links that will take one to instructions regarding how to configuring a computer for Hebrew use It takes about an hour to fully configure MS Windows for both English and Hebrew fonts and keyboards A Basic Usage E2H follows a four step usage pattern the numbers 1 2 3 4 remind the user of the steps they need to take Step 1 Enter an English word or phrase Step 2 Press the TAB or Enter key this will place the cursor in the Enter Hebrew Equivalent box Step 3 Enter the Hebrew phrase that matches the English phrase Step 4 Press the TAB or Enter key this will add the mapping to the database of mappings and then move the cursor back to the Enter English Phrase or Word box In the following screen steps 1 2 and 3 have been followed w E nglishT oHebrew MEE 1 a 3 4 Enter English Phrase or Word Enter Hebrew Equivalent Help i Tab nT 7 4 gt Auto copy Hebrew to r Clipboard zi Undo Last Reset Screen About Edit Lexicon E2H User s Manual www MrRives com The English word Saw was entered in Step 1 then the
16. mple the city and the temple 15 God created a man from the earth 16 the King came from the temple 17 God said to the man 18 And to the city the king came 19 God created light from the darkness MPI AN DPA Di DIN DTN DORI DIN NDTIS ATS PND FT TNI Twn nD TBD TAT DR TPD OPD MATNI ONT Tiga ywna TINT OTS 812 TATIR DTR R PYTOR DIRI NI T NN AYA NA DDR TAR DIRTI TUTIA 777 N3 DVOR PIT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 d A Answers to J Weingreen s A Practical Grammar 2 ed www MrRives com Exercise 2 The Inseparable Prepositions Page 30 1 a king to a king from a king the king to the king from the king 2 a man as a man from a man the man as the man from the man 3 the temple in the temple from the temple 4 the darkness to the darkness as the darkness 5 dust from dust the dust in the dust from the dust 6 God as a god from God the God as the God from the God 7 Yahweh to Yahweh from Yahweh 8 ground as the ground the ground as the ground 9 Samuel to Samuel as Samuel from Samuel 10 God called the light day and the darkness he called night 11 The people walked in the darkness and did not see light 12 Samuel gave a king to the people 13 Yahweh saw from the heavens 14 God created a man from dust a woman from the man 15 Samuel spoke to the people The king came to the city 16 God
17. mplicit DF 3 Add w3T to first letter of noun unless the letter is in 7 0 7 8 or rpo letters having vocal the DF may drop Reason Assimilation of 7 causes compensative DF 4 After adding the article the following common words revert to a under the first letter of the noun 1 PISTON I 18 B ov Appendix B Additional Instructions on Hebrew Fonts In American Biblical studies one often needs to switch between the basic three languages of Greek Hebrew and English What concerns me here is how to communicate electronically in those languages with Windows based software such as MS Word without resorting to Latin transliterations Installing the right fonts and configuring Windows properly will also be the path to using E2H The task of using Hebrew on an English keyboard has been made routine by fonts and keyboard options that can be freely downloaded or configured Step 1 Download the SBL Hebrew and Greek Font Step 2 For Hebrew download and install the additional keyboard driver Step 3 Configure MS Windows to allow switching between Greek English and Hebrew keyboard layouts This is a default feature of MS Windows the Windows Language Bar One does not need to download anything to have this the tool only needs to be configured to allow switching between languages The following link contains instructions on the SBL web site for tuning a computer as per a particular version of Windows Alternatively on
18. omen 4 a great tree great trees 5 the great temple the great temples 6 Yahweh gave to Israel a great and good land 7 The king sat in the dust all day and did not eat 8 The prophetess sat under the tree 9 The men were evil who sat in the great city 10 Samuel the prophet did not take fruit from the garden 11 The woman took from the fruit which was in the garden and also gave it to the man 12 The man and the woman took from the tree and they also ate from the fruit 13 All the things came upon the evil city which the holy prophets spoke 14 The land did not give fruit because the men were evil 15 Moses said to all Israel This day is holy to Yahweh 16 In the garden there were great and good trees 17 The prophets in the temple did not eat or The prophets did not eat in the temple for they were holy to Yahweh 18 The people saw that the fruit was good which the men took from the trees that were in the land that Yahweh gave to Israel 19 The words were wise and good which the wise prophet spoke to the men who were in the temple 20 The prophets called with a great voice Samuel is a prophet to Yahweh 21 Yahweh is good to the good men and to the evil men DIDIT ow DITI NBR OITA DIN VIT WN DIVIT DINA AWITP ANA OWITP DVI WITP N I priv 037 1V 727 DITI oan DIT DD 0272 NIN VUI DRIN TAX 2 WIT WARDS DVI 1277 DPRD T7297 03 TV WR DPD 2 PRA DN WW WE OWINT T DWITP NT TT 1h WR iva PISA
19. ords are associated and stored and will be available the next time the English is entered In this way the database is an English to Hebrew dictionary This document is laid out such that the first section is a User s Guide for E2H The second section contains answers to Weingreen s exercises Appendixes on Hebrew Articles and on Hebrew Fonts are provided at the end of this manual n E E2H User s Manual www MrRives com E2H Software User s Guide The English To Hebrew software simply E2H is available on this Internet site www MrRives com To use it the SBL Hebrew font must be installed on the user s computer along the SBL Hebrew keyboard driver all downloadable from the Society of Biblical Literature web site instructions will be given below Using E2H involves a process of keying in English Hebrew word pairs or translation mappings As the user goes through this process of teaching E2H the mappings from English to Hebrew a database is being built By the end of Weingreen s grammar the student will have built the English to Hebrew database and will be proficient in keying in Hebrew There is no constraint within E2H regarding which grammar or workbook it is used with it is not limited to Weingreen When one enters an English word into E2H followed by the TAB key where TAB is the way one moves between fields the program will retrieve the Hebrew equivalent to the English word If it has not seen the
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