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Criminal Justice Simulation Model -- Manual

1. Other O Units i li i Reset Delete e Figure 5 5 The Baseline Global Resources Information dialog box 3 Type the name of the first resource Patrol Officer in the Label box and press the TAB key to get to the Base salary box 4 Type 12 00 and press TAB to get to the Fringe Benefits box 5 Type 7 20 and press TAB to get to the Other box 6 Type 17 50 and press TAB to get to the Units box CJSSIM User Manual Page 5 8 Tip Define all resources used by your system Ifthe resource is paid by someone else i e another unit of government grant etc put it in but enter 0 s information for cost CJSSIM User Manual Flow Definition UNNAMED FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Ss Baseline Global Resource Information Label Patrol Officer Defined Re Capacities Patrol Office Maximum Cost Information Base Fringe __ O Units Figure 5 6 The first resource defined Ts 10 Press Alt U or click the Units box until you get to Hours since we are entering hourly information Click the Save box to save this information Press Alt L to return to the Label box and type the name of the second resource Detective in the Label box Enter the cost information in the manner described above Repeat the process until you have entered the names of all the resources shown in Figure 5 7 Where the data is a percentage simply enter the percent sig
2. 500 1 for normal 7 4 which means Group Count 3 Group Person Crimes flow 700 Group Property Crimes flow 1400 Group Drug Crimes flow 400 Page 9 9 CJSSIM User Manual Stage Count 14 Group Person Crimes Offenses to Stage 2 500 Lag Definition 1 Normal Use 2 for Weibull Point 1 7 Point 2 4 Remember that data must be imported without any labels Simply follow the instructions above which should indicate how the data is to be stored Importing A File Use the following steps to import a file 1 Indicate the type of information that you will be importing Click the resource case flow or lag definitions Indicate whether it is baseline or proposed data Enter the name of the data file in the CJSSIM baseline data file box Enter the name of the data file in the CJSSIM proposed data file box Enter the name of the file you will be importing into CJSSIM file in the box ASCII data file Click IMPORT Click exit when you have finished importing a file Your file should now be transported into the CJSSIM model Program Manager Eile Options Window Help CJSSim Import Export Utility Files in cAcis e Flow I Lag Definitions cisver fdf a jexamplei fdf Baseline O Proposed manae tdf a O Include Labels in Output ed Fe CJSSim baseline data file CJSSim proposed data file import Export D ASCII data
3. Sometimes time distributions are bimodal showing two peaks in the data With time between Arrest and First Appearance it may happen that appearances either happen quickly or take several hours For Page 7 5 CJSSIM User Manual CJSSIM you need to describe this distribution by identifying eight points corresponding to percentiles in the cumulative distribution These percentiles are 12 5 percent 25 percent 37 5 percent 50 percent 62 5 percent 75 percent 87 5 percent and 100 percent The 12 5 percentile may for example be 1 2 hours which means that 12 5 percent of the cases take less than 1 2 hours between Arrest and First Appearance If your data comes in histogram form then you will need to interpolate to determine the percentiles For example suppose your time distribution is the following Cumulative Elapsed Time Number Percent Percent Less than 1 hour 50 5 0 5 0 1 to 2 hours 130 13 0 18 0 2 to 3 hours 170 17 0 35 0 3 to 4 hours 105 10 5 45 5 4 to 5 hours 45 4 5 50 0 5 to 6 hours 90 9 0 59 0 6 to 7 hours 110 11 0 70 0 7 to 8 hours 150 15 0 85 0 8 to 9 hours 95 9 5 94 5 9 to 10 hours 55 5 5 100 0 Total 1 000 100 0 The cumulative percentage indicates the percent of cases taking less than a specified number of hours For example 18 0 percent of the arrests took less than 2 hours to First Appearance To estimate the eight percentiles needed for CJSSIM we must interpolate using the elapsed hours and the cumulative
4. information while in the Reports subsystem CJSSIM User Manual Page 3 24 i Global General Impact Exit Figure 3 27 The Flow Simulation Reports screen Global Menu This menu enables you to enter proposed data into the model on groups crime types resources and lag time while remaining in the Reports screen General Impact Exit Groups Resources 4 Lag Time Figure 3 28 The Global menu General Menu The General menu produces reports showing either baseline or proposed data for the entire system or track within the system CISSIM User Manual Page325 Page 3 25 Note You can print the graphic flow diagram in landscape mode by going to the Control Panel of your Main window under Program Manager CJSSIM User Manual Global RACIE Impact Exit i Graphic Flow Diagram Stage Definitions Resource Definitions Unallocated Resource Units Stage Usage of Resources Detail Stage Resource Usage Overuse of Resources Track Analysis Summary Case Processing Time Report Baseline Information Report Proposed Information Figure 3 29 The General menu Graphic Flow Diagram This option prints a copy of the graphic flow diagram that appears on the screen with the file and stage names for the system Stage Definitions The Stage Definitions option produces a report showing the data for all groups within a specified stage Resource Definitions The Resource Definitions option produces a report s
5. 5 6 7 8 9 10 Crime Crime Crime Resources Workload Percent Capacity Workload Percent Capacity Workload Percent Capacity I AN 1 R D 10
6. Other EJ Units Les Figure 4 4 Change in cost information g Click Save h Click Exit We have now changed the base salary and fringe benefits for patrol officers in the Proposed information Remember that the Proposed information also has the increases in arrests To see the impact of the increased salaries with the new workload we can run an Impact report 2 Print Impact Report a Click Reports b Click Impact c Click the second report which is entitled Resources Thru Change In Usage d You should see the list of crime types Click Person Crimes followed by a click Select Page 4 8 CJSSIM User Manual e The next box asks for selection of a Resource Click Patrol Officer followed by a click Ok The system produces a report on the usage of the Patrol Officer resource for Person Crimes The report includes usage and cost figures for both the Baseline and Proposed information Repeat the above steps selecting Property Crimes and then Drug Crimes to obtain two more reports on Patrol Officer usage A summary of the reports obtained in this manner for Patrol Officer is as follows Baseline Proposed Baseline Proposed Crime Type Usage Usage Costs Costs Person Crimes 2 652 2 785 97 328 110 827 Property Crimes 4 277 4 619 156 948 183 821 Drug Crimes 1 668 1 918 61 206 76 333 Total 8 597 9 322 315 482 370 981 The amount of time Patrol Officers devote to crime related activities increases from
7. defense counsel public defenders and the defendant the case Other resources you may want to consider is the jail space pretrial services assessment or any special prehearings that are routinely done in that stage Each of these are a resource The model requires you to specify the workload of each resource in each stage This requires you to identify the amount of work devoted to an effort Using our example of a preliminary inquiry this will require you to estimate the amount of work required of police officers prosecutors defense counsel public defenders etc for preliminary Page 7 8 CJSSIM User Manual inquiries The notion is that workload needs to correspond to the effort whether it be time or facility space The flow in the model will determine the number of cases or incidence that are affected by a particular stage It is important to differentiate between flow incidence and effort because effort defines the work required to complete a task or stage In reality workload can have certain limitations These are especially important when you are considering that most resources i e police prosecutors judges etc are involved in multiple stages It is important to consider the following when you gather and compile the data about workload A workload cannot exceed some normal limits Each resource may participate in several stages and the total of these stages should not exceed your defined limits W
8. Before using CJSSIM it is important to become familiar with your computer operating system mouse and Microsoft Windows If you have questions about these basics see the appropriate user s guide for more information Notational Conventions The following terms and typographic conventions are used in this manual Keynames The names of keys are spelled out and appear with small capital letters for example ENTER ESC CTRL and ALT On your keyboard some keynames may be abbreviated or represented with symbols Key Combinations A hyphen between two keys indicates that those keys must be pressed together hold down the first key while you press the second For example Press CTRL C means you should hold down the CTRL key press the C key then release both keys A comma between two keys indicates that those keys must be pressed in succession For example Press E X means you should press and release the E key then press and release the X key Page 1 5 CJSSIM User Manual Direction and TAB Keys The direction keys are the four arrow keys on your keyboard or numeric keypad Their names refer to the directions they point UP DOWN RIGHT and LEFT The TAB key is used frequently to move from field to field within dialog boxes What You Type Any information that you should type verbatim is printed in bold face For example Type Track 1 means you should type the letters Track 1 Information that is generic
9. Crimes and then Select The resources from Person Crimes will now be copied to Property Crimes CJSSIM User Manual 5 Click Patrol Officer and then click the Select button to select it The resource you selected will appear in the Resources box Figure 5 25 Workload for Stage 1 Offense Defined Groups Select Resource 1 Patrol Officer 2 Detective 3 Jailer 4 Prosecutor 5 Magistrate 6 Bailiff Person Crime Property Crime Resources ee Prc o oo cancel o 00 fo e first resource selected 6 Click Property Crimes 7 Click Add 8 Click Patrol Officer and then click the Select button to select it 9 Click the Save button 10 Click Next Stage to get to Arrests stage enter the resources for Arrests following steps 3 through 7 11 Continue in this manner until the resources have been established for all stages Then Save and Exit Enter Workload Units Percent of Cases and Capacity We are now ready to enter the workload information from Figure 5 22 1 From the Flow Definition screen double click Stage 1 Offenses Page 5 30 2 Click the Resources button The Workload dialog box will open Key Concepts Workload Units is relative to the 3 Click Person Crimes the Defined Group Box resource t can consist of number of cases handled presentence investigations 4 Click Patrol Officer Resources Box You will see Patrol Officer conducted days
10. Key Resource x Origin None Y Origin DJ Branches 1 Length Resources Recycle Info Save Exit File Global Tra Cases Branches Average am Pr osm Figure 5 16 The Information for Stage 1 dialog box 2 Click the Branches button The Caseflow box for Stage 1 will appear as shown in Figure 5 17 3 Click the Person Crime type The Arrests stage name will appear in the box below the word Branch 4 Click the Arrests branch Now move the mouse pointer to the Flow Information box beneath the word Baseline and type 500 in the baseline count box for the baseline caseflow from Offenses to Arrests CJSSIM User Manual Page 5 20 Tip If you are having trouble with information appearing in the Group or Branch categories make sure your AutoCompute is on Tip If you put the ratios in the flow information CJSSIM will calculate the count This saves you time CJSSIM User Manual Group Baseline Proposed Group Pers Person Crimes Stage Property Crimes 1400 00 age Flow Ba Count o Branch Baseline Proposed Arrest 0 00 0 00 Ratio o Save LagDef Follow Prior nr Figure 5 17 Baseline caseflow data from Stage 1 to Stage 2 5 Click the Save button to save your entries Repeat steps 3 5 to enter the 1 000 Property Crimes Click the Next button to bring up the Information for Stage 2 Arrests dialog box CJSSIM will ask if you want to save the current
11. Stage R Impact on Stages Thru Change in Usage Resources R Crime Types R CISSIM User Manual Page67 Page 6 7 Case Flow R Resource Time at Stage R CJSSIM User Manual Page 6 8 Figure 6 1 CJSSIM User Manual Page 6 9 Figure 6 2 CJSSIM User Manual Page 6 10 Figure 6 3 CJSSIM User Manual Page 6 11 Figure 6 4 CJSSIM User Manual Page 6 12 Figure 6 5 CJSSIM User Manual Page 6 13 Figure 6 6 CJSSIM User Manual Page 6 14 Figure 6 7 CJSSIM User Manual Page 6 15 Figure 6 8 CJSSIM User Manual Page 6 16 Figure 6 9 CJSSIM User Manual Page 6 17 Figure 6 10 CJSSIM User Manual Page 6 18 Figure 6 11 CJSSIM User Manual Page 6 19 Figure 6 12 CJSSIM User Manual Page 6 20 7 Advanced Considerations CJSSIM User Manual The following are some advanced considerations about the data within CJSSIM CJSSIM Files For each system you build CJSSIM creates four files These files contain information about Resources Flow Definition Resource Changes and Flow Changes The Resources and Flow Definition files comprise the Baseline information while the Resource Changes and Flow Changes files comprise the Proposed information As a user you provide the filenames for these files and CJSSIM adds an extension to the filename to differentiate between files The extensions are as follows File Extension Resources RDF Resource Changes RCF Flow Definitions FDF Flow Changes FCF The syst
12. The name for this track derives from the fact that offenders taking this track will move through the system in a fairly rapid manner The Slow Track has more stages First Appearance Preliminary Hearing Grand Jury Arraignment Motion Hearings Jury Trial and Sentence Hearing Offenders taking this track will take longer to be adjudicated and the average costs for these cases will be greater We can view these tracks on the screen through the following steps with the Proposed information 1 View the tracks Fast Track and Slow Track a Click Tracks You will now see a dialog box showing the tracks in the system b Click 1 Fast Track followed by a click Select If you have a color monitor the stages comprising these tracks will appear in a different color usually red on your monitor c Click Tracks d Click Retrieve e Click 2 Slow Track followed by a click Select f Exit to Flow Definition The stages for the Slow Track will now be highlighted on your monitor You can click Exit to leave the Track Definition screen CJSSIM User Manual Page 4 15 CJSSIM User Manual The system provides two reports comparing the tracks with the following commands For this example we will produce the Track Analysis Summary report 2 Print Track Report a Click Reports b Click General Be sure that Proposed is checked at the bottom of the menu c Click Track Analysis Summary d Click All to get a report on b
13. User Manual Flow Definition CACJS CJSVER FDF File Capacities Patrol Office Detective Current Jailer Prosecutor Cost Information Magistrate Bailiff Sup Court J PSI Report Prison Fringe Figure 3 19 The Resources dialog box Lag Time The Lag Time dialog box enables you to enter lag time between stages of the model It is explained in Chapter 7 From any stage To any stage ue Normal Discrete Distribution Mean 12 5 62 5 Std Dev 25 0 a 75 0 En 37 5 675 50 0 100 0 Figure 3 20 The Lag Time dialog box AutoCompute The AutoCompute option switches the AutoCompute feature on and off VAutoCompute means the AutoCompute is on otherwise it is off Page 3 17 File ALLELE Tracks Size Reports Groups Resources Lag Time 8 Liem Herik H Figure 3 21 The AutoCompute feature switched on Click the option to switch it on a check mark will appear beside the option to indicate it is on Click it again and the check mark will disappear indicating AutoCompute is switched off Tip To save time when you The AutoCompute feature is like the Recalc feature on an electronic are making a series of data Spreadsheet If AutoCompute is switched on CJSSIM automatically entries switch model hti h d If AutoCompute off Switch it PAUSES and recomputes t e model each time you change any data back on when you have Au
14. capacities for resource data if you don t have this information Three suggestions for maximum capabilities follow 1 Use a national standard 2 Most personnel typically work 2 080 hours a year Reduce the normal work hours 2 080 by standard vacation sick leave etc CJSSIM User Manual Page 7 2 CJSSIM User Manual The result is approximately 1800 hours Multiply the number of people by the number of hours for each function to obtain the maximum capacity 3 Use the largest workload handled in the past 5 years A good tip is to do the analysis of maximum capacities as you go along You can make the maximum capacities the same as the current assignments Then you can analyze the relationship between the maximums at each stage and the global maximums If you adopt this approach don t enter any data as maximums when you first set up your model Run the Detail Stage Resource Usage report for each stage to show the current resource usage by stage and crime type Then unless you have more specific information enter the current numbers for resource usage as estimates for the maximum Future changes in resource assignments can then be compared with the maximums as a benchmark You will not be trying to account for 2 080 hours per year per person for most resources Recycling Recycling refers to repeats within a given stage Recycling is available for any stage in the system For example in the generic model recycling information
15. description To exit from the Help screens press Alt F or click File located in the upper left corner on the bar menu Then click Exit from the File menu CJSSIM User Manual Page 3 29 4 Taking a Test Run CJSSIM User Manual The CJSSIM model permits you to analyze information about the criminal justice system in many ways In this chapter we will present some of the What if questions that frequently arise in regard to the criminal justice system The intent is to show you how CJSSIM can respond to these questions This chapter addresses four What if questions What if the caseload increases What if the cost of a resource increases What if we change the case flow in the system What if we want to compare the workload and costs of different tracks through the system To examine these questions we will make changes in the system and produce reports to evaluate the changes As a way of getting started suppose that there has been a crime increase amounting to a 5 percent increase in person crimes an 8 percent increase in property crimes and a 15 percent increase in drug crimes Suppose further that the police department has responded by increasing the number of patrol officers and detectives For purposes of illustration we assume that the arrest rates from Stage 1 Offenses to Stage 2 Arrests remain as in the past because of the increased personnel in the police department To prepare the system for the What If
16. displays the database files available in the current directory The procedure is described under the heading Loading the Sample Database earlier in this chapter To initiate the action click the OK box Save The Save option Figure 3 15 is the OK box and it saves the current settings and data to disk You may specify Resources Resource Changes Flow Definition or Flow Changes by clicking the box beside each file name then clicking the OK box You can only save if you have defined some flow infomation Otherwise the word Save will appear in light grey and you will not be able to save Page 3 13 Flow Definition C CJS CJSVER FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports CACJS CJSVER RDF J Resource Changes CACJS CJSVER RCF Flow Definition C CJS CJSVER FDF Flow Changes CACJS CJSVER FCF Figure 3 15 The Save dialog box is the OK function CJSSIM User Manual Page 3 14 Re Order The Re Order option changes the numbering of stages in the graphic flow diagram To change the numbering Click the stage you wish to have a new number Click the Select button Click the stage where you want to insert the first stage Click the Move button The selected stage appears in the new position RD This option is useful when creating a new stage A new stage will automatically receive the next available number but thie stage can be changed by the Re Order procedure Flow Definition C CJS CJSVER FDF Fil
17. e Click the ADD button The file names will be shifted to the right hand list e Click the OK button Page 9 1 CJSSIM User Manual The Import Export ICON has now been created and you can use it CJSSIM Data Files The same type of data structure is used for all files regardless of whether you are importing or exporting files The import export function will allow you to specify which file you are importing exporting and it will create it on the system with the appropriate extensions e g rdf rdc fdf fdc The extension designates the type of data that is contained in the file The choices are the same as the regular CJSSIM system Baseline Resources with the rdf extension Baseline Case Flow and lag definitions with the fdf extension Proposed Resources with the rde extension Proposed Case Flow and lag definitions with the fde extension As will be illustrated later the files structure basically consists of one data element per line You can create or use files that are with or without labels The labels merely tell you what data element is on each line This will become clear after you export or import some files Using the Export Function Exporting and importing files is simple First we will illustrate the export procedure and then we will demonstrate the import procedure Use the following steps to export a file You can specify whether you wish to export the file with or without labels Remember to make a backup
18. each stage first and then enter the workload percent and capacity information Enter the Resource Units To enter the Resource Units for a stage 1 From the Flow Definitions screen double click the Offenses stage The Information dialog box for that stage will open 2 Click the Resources button The Workload dialog box for Offenses will open as in Figure 5 23 Page 5 28 CJSSIM User Manual Workload for Stage 1 Offense File Glo BEER AOp Stage Offense Prior Person Crime Group Person Crime Property Crime Flow 700 0 next Baseline Pre Workload Units o i of Cases o Maximum Capacity o i Resources Figure 5 23 The Workload dialog box for Stage 1 3 Click the Person Crimes 4 Click the Add button The Select Resource box will appear Figure 5 24 It will display all the resources you previously defined with the Global Resources option Workload for Stage 1 Offense File Glo Select Resource Prior 1 Patrol Officer 2 Detective 3 Jailer 4 Prosecutor 5 Magistrate 6 Bailiff Defined Groups Person Crime Property Crime Resources i Baseline Pre om om o Figure 5 24 The Select Resource box Page 5 29 Note You can save time by using the Copy button to copy the resources from one crime type to another Click Property Crimes followed by a click on the Copy button You will see a Select Group box Click Person
19. either dollar figures or percentages for fringe benefits and other costs Finally jail costs are expressed as daily averages with no fringe benefit and other costs Many jurisdictions calculate daily jail costs as part of their accounting procedures In this instance fringe benefits and other costs have been included in the calculation Page 5 6 Resource Name 1 Patrol Officer 2 Detective 3 Jailer 4 Prosecutor 5 Magistrate 6 Bailiff 7 Sup Ct Judge 8 PSI Report 9 Prison 10 Jall 11 Probation 12 Public Defender 13 Sheriff 14 Juror CJSSIM User Manual Figure 5 4 Global Resources Information Base Salary 12 00 15 50 11 50 14 50 22 00 14 00 38 45 375 00 2000 00 75 00 40 00 13 50 11 50 2 50 Fringe Benefits 7 20 10 85 45 0 35 0 35 0 45 0 35 0 N A N A N A N A 35 0 45 0 N A Other 17 50 25 25 25 0 15 0 15 0 5 0 100 0 N A N A N A N A 10 0 5 0 200 0 Unit Hour Hour Hour Hour Hour Hour Hour Each Month Day Month Hour Hour Hour Page 5 7 To define the resource set follow these steps 1 Starting at the Flow Definition screen click the Global menu title 2 Click the Resources option The following dialog box will open Flow Definition UNNAMED FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Baseline Global Resource Information Label 7 Defined Re Zr Capacities Cost Information Maximum Base en Fringe
20. file Page 9 10 Figure 9 2 Import screen CJSSIM User Manual Page 9 11 8 Worksheets for CJSSIM Getting Started CJSSIM User Manual ILJ has developed several worksheets to help you collect data for your system model s These four worksheets can be used as a starting place As you gain experience with the system you will probably find other ways of collecting your data Global Group Information This worksheet Figure 8 1 allows you to outline the initial flow or starting point of information by the different categories Here you can define the different categories that you want to use in your model and the initial number of cases in a given category For example the categories could be property drug or personal crimes Another example is felony or misdemeanor Global Resources Information This worksheet Figure 8 2 is used to gather information about the cost and capacity of your resources Each resource listed should be consist with the information needed for your model Resource information consists of Name Base Salary Fringe Benefits Other Unit and Maximum Name This refers to the resource type For example if you have included police officers and detectives in your model then data needs to be collected on both the police officer and the detective Base Salary This refers to the salary of the resource or the basic cost factor For people resources this is the salary expressed in some defi
21. questions we first make changes in accordance with the above scenario by the following commands 1 Start up CJSSIM and load the CJSVER database Be sure to switch AutoCompute on under Global Page 4 1 CJSSIM User Manual 2 In anticipation of this chapter the CJSVER database already has the crime changes entered To view these changes do the following steps a Click Global b Click Groups c Click Person Crimes The Initial Base Flow will open showing 700 offenses The Initial Test Flow shows 735 offenses which amounts to a 5 percent increase in offenses d Click Property Crimes The Initial Base Flow shows 1 400 offenses and the Initial Test Flow shows 1 512 offenses which is an 8 percent increase e Click Drug Crimes The Initial Base Flow shows 400 offenses and the Initial Test Flow shows 460 offenses which is a 15 percent increase Flow Definition CACJS CJSVER FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Global Group Information Type Crime Types Label Drug Crimes Person Crimes Initial Base Flow Property Crimes 400 Drug Crimes Initial Test Flow 460 Em Offenses Arrests cs m Figure 4 1 Change in initial test flow f Click Exit to return to the Flow Definition screen g We have also increased the Patrol Officer and Detective resources Click Global and then Resources Page 4 2 Note The Global Resources Information dialog box is toggled back and fort
22. rather than litera meaning a general word where you should type a more specific word or character is shown in italic type For example Type a filename means you should type a name for a file not the word filename literally Mouse Procedures The terms for mouse procedures in CJSSIM are the same as Microsoft Windows To point means to move the mouse until the arrow is over the desired item To click means to point to the item and then press the mouse button once If your mouse has more than one button press the one on the left To double click means to point to the item and then press the mouse button twice in quick succession To drag an item means to click and hold the left button of the mouse down and move the mouse The item will also move with the mouse Page 1 6 2 Installing CJSSIM Note Itis highly recommended that you run CJSSIM with the 386 mode under Windows The 386 mode requires 2 megabytes of memory If you do not have 2 megabytes of memory run CJSSIM under the Real mode of Windows CJSSIM will not operate under standard mode of Windows CJSSIM User Manual Equipment and Software Needed To run CJSSIM you need a personal computer capable of running Microsoft Windows 3 The following equipment combinations may be used Computer IBM PC AT PS 2 or a 100 compatible system with an Intel 80286 or 80386 processor a minimum of 1 megabyte of RAM 2 megabytes recommended a flo
23. this elapsed time for 1 000 arrests If time between Arrest and First Appearance follows a Normal distribution then a histogram of your data might look as follows I u 55 1 4 The average of this distribution is 5 5 hours and the variance is about 2 0 hours which means the standard deviation is 1 4 square root of the variance Rather than the Normal distribution your data on time between Arrest and Arraignment may look more like an exponential distribution along the following lines CJSSIM User Manual Page 7 4 CJSSIM User Manual 1 6 1 2b 1b 2b 3b This distribution has the general shape of an Exponential distribution which means that the number of cases continually decrease as the elapsed time increases In the CJSSIM system enter the average elapsed time to describe this distribution A generalization of the Exponential distribution is the Weibull distribution The Weibull distribution has a scale and a shape parameter which determine how the distribution appears If the scale parameter is equal to 1 0 then the distribution looks as follows for shape parameters of 0 5 1 0 and 3 0 respectively A comparison with the prior two exhibits shows that the Weibull is similar to the Exponential and Normal distributions If the scale distribution of the Weibull is equal to 1 0 then the distribution reduces to the Exponential distribution Finally your data may not follow any of the distributions just described
24. to the Flow Definition screen Another way to view the impact of the increased offenses and arrests on the system is to run the Unallocated Resource Units report 2 Print Unallocated Resource Units report under Reports General a Click Reports b Click General c Click Unallocated Resource Units The report will be printed at this time This report compares change in resource usage for Baseline and Proposed It lists all the resources in the system on the left side of the report The Capacity columns are the maximum amount of the resource available in the system obtained from the Global Resource information The Usage columns give the total use for each resource and the Slack column is the difference between capacity and usage If the slack is negative it means that there is more use of the resource in the system than is available The percent of slack available is also shown in the report and is calculated from the capacity and usage figures Page 4 6 CJSSIM User Manual This report shows that several resources exceeded their capacities even in the Baseline Patrol Officer Detective Prosecutor Bailiff Superior Court Judge Jail and Public Defender In the Proposed columns the Patrol Officer and Detective resources no longer have negative slack since we increased their capacities in our hypothetical example The other resources have even greater overuse as indicated by the Slack column The increase in police officers
25. 13 Jail 7 Motion Hearings 14 Probation CJSSIM User Manual Page 5 18 Enter the Initial Caseflow Data To enter the initial caseflow data follow these steps 1 At the Flow Definition screen click the Global menu 2 Click the Groups option 3 Click the first crime type to highlight it The screen will look like this Flow Definition UNNAMED FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Global Group Information Type Crime Crime Type Label Person Crime Person Crime Initial B Flow Propan Grine nitial Base Flow 1000 Initial Test Flow 1 0 00 fe om gt Figure 5 15 Selecting a crime type for the initial caseflow 4 Press the TAB key to get the Initial Base flow box From Figure 5 13 type 700 as the initial flow Press the TAB key and enter 0 in the initial test flow and click Save 5 Repeat steps 1 4 for Property Crimes using the data 1400 from Figure 5 14 and enter 0 again for initial test flow Click Save 6 Click the Exit button to return to the Flow Definition screen Enter the Remaining Caseflow Data Once you have entered the initial caseflow for each crime type group you need to enter the caseflow for the remaining stages of your model Follow these steps CJSSIM User Manual Page 5 19 1 At the Flow Definition screen double click the first stage of the model The Information for Stage 1 dialog box will appear Information for Stage 1 Offense Label Display L
26. 8 597 hours to 9 322 hours which is an 8 43 percent increase This increase is due to the increased number of arrests and subsequent court appearances reflected in the Proposed information With the workload and salary increases the costs of Patrol Officers for the crime related activities in the system increases 55 499 which is 17 6 percent In summary this report reflects the impact of increased workload and salaries for Patrol Officer Question 3 What If We Change Case Flow The increase in arrests in the Proposed information could lead to several reactions in the system In this example we look at one relatively simple potential change We will run a Baseline report first Then we will make changes to the Proposed information and print a Proposed report for comparison Page 4 9 Suppose there is an increase in the number of pleas on Property Crime offenses This reaction could occur because the prosecutor s office decides to emphasize violent crimes and drug crimes over property crimes We have assumed no increases in personnel for the prosecutor s office so that increased pleas are a definite possibility The following paragraphs use hypothetical numbers for such a change for purposes of illustration The impact of increased pleas will be reflected in changes to Stage 7 Motion Hearings Stage 8 Pleas Stage 9 Bench Trial and Stage 10 Jury Trial As a basis for comparison we want to print the Detail Baseline Stage Re
27. CJSSIM Criminal Justice System Simulation Model User Manual May 1992 Institute for Law and Justice 1018 Duke Street Alexandria Virginia 22314 703 684 5300 Copyright 1991 by Institute for Law and Justice Inc 1018 Duke Street Alexandria Virginia 22314 703 684 5300 CJSSIM Software Developed by Chesapeake Computing Inc 8401 Corporate Drive Suite 560 Landover Maryland 20785 301 459 7376 This manual was supported by Cooperative Agreement No 91 SA CX K001 awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance Office of Justice Programs U S Department of Justice The Assistant Attorney General Office of Justice Programs coordinates the activities of the following program offices and bureaus The Bureau of Justice Assistance Bureau of Justice Statistics National Institute of Justice Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention and the Office for Victims of Crime 1 Introduction CJSSIM User Manual Overview Welcome to CJSSIM CJSSIM is an interactive tool for modeling and analyzing caseflows in criminal justice systems With it you can build a model of an existing or hypothetical criminal justice system analyze the use of resources in the system identify choke points and excess capacities perform What if analyses and print reports showing the results of the analyses CJSSIM is designed for easy use by criminal justice planners administrators researchers and educators Steps in Using CJS
28. Page 9 4 lt parameter 8 gt lt flow to kth branch gt CJSSIM User Manual Page 9 5 jtt Crime Type gt no indicator lt flow to first branch gt lt lag definition code number see values below lt parameter 1 gt lt parameter 2 gt lt parameter 8 gt lt flow to kth branch gt Explanations of Lag Definitions and Parameter Numbers 1 Lag Definitions 0 None no parameters 1 Default no parameters 2 Normal 3 Weibull 4 Discrete 2 Parameters 2 Normal Lag 1 Mean Value 2 Standard Deviation 3 Weibull Lag 1 Parameter 1 2 Parameter 2 4 Discrete Lag 1 Time for lowest 12 5 Time for 12 5 to 25 Time for 25 to 37 5 Time for 37 5 to 50 Time for 50 to 62 5 Time for 62 5 to 75 Time for 75 to 87 5 Time for 87 5 to 100 oO NA PP D The Structure of the Resource File Exporting resource files uses the same procedures as exporting case flow files The resource file however has a different data structure as CJSSIM User Manual Page 9 6 shown in Appendix B The following outline illustrates the layout of the resource data file CJSSIM User Manual Page 9 7 CJSSIM User Manual Line 1 Source File Name RDF or RDC Line 2 Name of file Line 3 Blank Line 4 Number of Resources on which information will be provided Then for each resource listed in line 4 indicate Title of Resource Base Cost Fringe Costs Other Costs Current Capacity Maximum Capacity Cost U
29. SIM In brief these are the steps in using CJSSIM Install the CJSSIM software 2 Set up the model To help you get started CJSSIM comes with a generic model that covers many situations You will need to do some of the following a Define groups to be analyzed Groups can consist of crimes cases events etc b Define the criminal justice resources available for the system police prosecutors judges etc Page 1 1 CJSSIM User Manual c Define the stages and branches of your criminal justice system flow and the relative number affected by that stage branch Steps a through c the system definition and caseflow are enough information to start producing CJSSIM reports You may also d Define baseline cost and capacity information for each resource e Define time information for each resource at each stage f Define information on the elapsed time lag time between stages Resource time costs and elapsed time between stages can be added as the information becomes available These can provide more refined system information and analyses CJSSIM is flexible It also allows you to J Define one or more tracks through the system for analysis Enter What if information the proposed changes you want to consider for flows and resource use in the system Print analysis reports Vary the proposed information and repeat the process as often as you like A Word About CJSSIM Terms CJSSIM
30. Units o t of Cases o c Maximum Capacity o t E Figure 3 12 The Workload dialog box for Stage 3 Sheriff Jail If you click one of the defined groups information will appear describing the resources assigned to that group of crimes The information will change when you switch defined groups Notice that stage group and flow data are shown In addition a list of resources appears in the Resources block Workload units in the lower right remain blank In Chapter 4 we will click to resources and examine this data further For now click the Exit button to return to the Stage box Viewing Additional Stages With the dialog box open you can see the same information for the next or previous stage by clicking on the Prior or Next button in the box You may repeat this process for as many stages as you like until you Page 3 11 CJSSIM User Manual reach either the first or last stage in the flow diagram To leave the dialog boxes at any time click the Exit button Mastering the Menus A quick tour of the menus in CJSSIM will give you a feel for the options and order of operations The menus in CJSSIM work like the menus in other Windows application If you would like more information about the mechanics of opening menus and selecting menu options consult your Windows User s Guide There are five main menus in CJSSIM Their names appear at the top of the main Flow Definition screen File Global Tracks S
31. about workload you Page 7 9 may therefore want to identify different ways of measuring workload that correspond to how your system operates The number of the same type of resources available for certain stages should also be built into your workload estimates You will need to take into consideration how many of a particular resource are available to perform a function For example the number of patrol officers on the street is related to the number of officers that are available for court The same is true for judges especially in courts where the judge is split between civil and criminal cases In this case you should identify the amount of time that judges spend on criminal cases if you are doing a model of criminal cases The number of cases and the amount of effort that is expended on a certain stage therefore should define the workload required to gather information Another point to consider in the workload is that many times we are not sure of the capacity of given resources Resources are often able to handle more of a flow than we might initially think In collecting the data it is often useful to test the workload with knowledgeable administrators to determine if the estimates appear correct As you are refining and retooling your model you may feel that it is necessary modify your estimates of workload Also you may want to compare your defined workload against the maximum capacities to determine how realistic your assum
32. age 1 will open It will look like Figure 5 8 Flow Definition UNNAMED FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Information for Stage 1 Stage 1 Label Display C Key Resource X Origin 67 Y Origin Length p Cl Branches Stage 1 Resources Recycle Info Cases Branches Average Day Figure 5 8 The Information dialog box for Stage 1 2 Type the name of the first stage Offenses 3 Click the Save button then the Exit button to return to the Flow Definition screen The name you entered into the Information Frame will appear in the first stage box 4 Repeat steps through 3 for our six stages Your screen will look something like Figure 5 9 CJSSIM User Manual Page 5 11 Tip It is easy to line up the screen precisely you can change the X coordinate and Y coordinate within a stage You can also change the length of the boxes as described in Chapter 3 These boxes were set at 60 so that the double lines of text would show CJSSIM User Manual Flow Definition UNNAMED FDF Reports File Global Tracks Size 5 Grand Jury Figure 5 9 Creating and naming the first six stages B Drag the stages into position relative to each other To drag a stage at the Flow Definition screen move the mouse pointer to the stage you wish to re locate press and hold down the left mouse button drag the pointer to the desired location and release the mou
33. ally allows you to define the stages from one stage to another and the type of lag definition The types are defined in Chapter 7 Group Information Resource Workload This information sheet Figure 8 4 allows you to capture some of the information needed throughout the system One sheet should be completed for baseline data and for proposed You can indicate this by checking the box in the upper left hand corner One worksheet should be completed for each stage Type This information is used to define the subcategory in a given group Page 8 2 CJSSIM User Manual Resources This allows you to identify all of the resources that are pertinent to the stage For example a judge may not be a resource in the arrest stage but a judge may be a resource in the preliminary hearing stage Workload This allows you to define the amount of work associated with a particular resource Be sure that the units of measure for the cost information hourly daily weekly etc is consistent with the workload measure That is if your jail is expressed in cost per day make sure the workload reflects the use per day Percent This refers to the percentage of flow or cases that this resource deals with For example in a court process it is likely that police officers are not involved in 100 percent of the cases in a given stage It could be that the police are not required to appear at a given stage Capacity This refers to the maximum limits
34. appears for Stage 7 Motion Hearings A defendant may request several motion hearings The recycling box allows you to enter the percentage of cases that recycle at this stage the average number of recycles and the average time between each event In the sample database Stage 7 Motion Hearings shows that 60 percent of the cases will be recycled through the stage This means that we expect 60 percent of the cases to have at least one motion hearing The average number of motions per case is shown as 1 5 and the length of time between hearings is shown as 15 days Note that recycling will increase the amount of time that cases take to process through the system For the 60 percent of cases in the example that are recycled the case processing time will be increased by 22 5 days 1 5 times 15 days This amount will be added to the case processing time computed through lag definition and costs in the reports produced by CJSSIM Page 7 3 Lag Time Lag time refers to the distribution of time between two stages for a particular crime type You can describe lag time distributions in CJSSIM by selecting several statistical distributions including Normal Exponential Weibull and discrete distributions for either the Global menu or Within each stage Types of Distribution The time between Arrest and First Appearance may vary considerably depending on local policies and procedures in a criminal justice system Suppose you collected data on
35. box at the left still shows a flow of 500 going to Grand Jury However the Count input box under Baseline in the Flow Information box at the right shows that the count is at 0 as shown in Figure 5 20 Page 5 23 Group Baseline Proposed Group Person Crim Person Crime Property Crime 1000 00 Flow Informa Baseline CJSSIM User Manual Case Flow for Stage 3 First Appearance Group Baseline Proposed Group Person Crim Person Crime 500 00 0 00 Stage Grand J Property Crime 1000 00 0 00 age Grand Jury Flow Informa Baseline Branch Baseline Proposed Prelim Hearing 500 00 0 00 Grand Ju 500 00 0 00 Figure 5 20 Grand Jury Branch from Stage 3 TAB to the Count input box Enter the number 50 from Figure 5 13 and click the Save button Now to see the effect click Property Crimes in the Group section Then click Person Crimes again Now notice that the branch information is correct in the Branch section Figure 5 21 Case Flow for Stage 3 First Appearance Group Baseline Proposed Group Person Crim Person Crime Stage Property Crime u Flow Informa Baseline Branch Baseline Prelim Hearing Grand Jury Follow Figure 5 21 Baseline caseflow completed from Stage 3 Page 5 24 CJSSIM User Manual 11 Click Property Crime Repeat the process in 10 for property crimes using the data in Figure 5 14 12 Select Next to complete the flow information through Sta
36. copy of your file before you export it 1 Click Export Indicate the type of information that you will be exporting Click the resource or case flow Case flow can be exported with or without including the lag definitions 2 Indicate whether it is baseline or proposed data Click the appropriate one Page 9 2 3 Indicate whether you will be exporting with labels If so click the box of labels Examples can be found in Appendix A of the differences between the fields with labels and those without labels 4 If you have selected the baseline data enter the name of the data file in the CJSSIM baseline data file box 5 If you have selected the proposed data enter the name of the data file in the CJSSIM proposed data file box 6 Enter the name of the file you will be exporting to in the box ASCII data file 7 Click EXPORT 8 Click Exit when you have finished exporting a file j Program Manager Eile Options Window Help O Include Labels in Output CJSSim baseline data file CJSSim proposed data file Figure 9 1 Export screen The Structure of the Case Flow File The case flow files you are exporting have the following structure See Appendix A for an example of a case flow file Line 1 Name of the file Be sure to include the proper extension of rcf rdf fdf fdc Line 2 Number of groups that you have defined Line 3 Initial flow for group 1 Li
37. crime type The Resources and Flow Definition files together represent the Baseline data for the system The Resource Changes and Flow Changes are similar in structure to the Baseline files except they contain proposed changes Changes could include increased resources different branching ratios changes in resource time at a stage and many others These two files represent the Proposed data for the system Click the Resources box An X will appear in both the Resources box and the Resource Changes box directly beneath it Move the mouse to the file listings and double click the file named CJSVER RDF The system will automatically enter that filename and the name CJSVER RCF beside the checked boxes See Figure 3 4 CJSVER RDF contains baseline information about the resources in the system such as resource name costs and capacities CJSVER RCF contains proposed changes to resources such as increased costs or capacities Page 3 4 Note Iffatal error message appears check to make sure you are in Real or Enhanced mode of Windows CJSSIM User Manual Flow Definition UNNAMED FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Load Flow Data ET Resource Changes dAcjs cjsverrcf Flow Definition Ate D Fiow changes Ga Figure 3 4 Selecting the Resources and Resource Changes options If the file names do not appear in the center boxes double click the file name again Click the Flow Definition b
38. crime type For example the figures for Person Crimes are 402 for Baseline and 422 for Proposed The figures for Property Crimes are 732 for Baseline and 791 for Proposed and the Drug Crime figures are 230 for Baseline and 265 for Proposed The Baseline figures reflect what was happening prior to the system changes while the Proposed figures reflect the impact of these changes on case flow LagDef Flow Informat Baseline F BEE Tip Remember you must print out the screens They will not appear on your terminal CJSSIM User Manual In this example the Proposed figures merely reflect the percentage increases in offenses 5 percent for Person Crimes 8 percent for Property Crimes and 15 percent for Drug Crimes That is the system assumes that the system will continue to operate as in the past regarding how cases move through the system In subsequent What If scenarios we will alter the system to reflect a more realistic picture of how different parts of the system might react because of the increased caseload The figures at the bottom of the screen show the number receiving Prison Jail and Probation sentences for Person Crimes These figures indicate that 5 more persons will go to prison for Person Crimes 105 for Proposed versus 100 for Baseline 2 more persons will go to jail and 13 more persons will get Probation d Click Exit to return to the Stages window e Click Exit to exit the Stages window and return
39. d required R data inputs CJSSIM User Manual Page 6 5 CJSSIM User Manual Report Data Inputs Graphical Flow Diagram Stages R Stage Definitions Stages R Crime Types R Case Flow O Resources O Resource Unit Costs O Resource Time at Stage O Lag Times O Recycle Information O Resource Definitions Resource Names R Resource Unit Costs O Maximum Capacities O Unallocated Resource Units Stages R Crime Types R Resources R Maximum Capacities R Resource Time at Stages R Stage Usage of Resources Stages R Crime Types R Resources R Case Flow R Resource Unit Costs O Resource Time at Stages R Maximum Capacities O Detail Stage Resource Usage Stages R Crime Types R Resources R Case Flow R Resource Unit Costs O Resource Time at Stages R Page 6 6 Maximum Capacities O Report Data Inputs Overuse of Resources Stages R Crime Types R Resources R Case Flow R Stage Capacities R Track Analysis Summary Stages R Crime Types R Resources R Case Flow R Track Definitions R Cost Units O Recycle Information O Case Processing Time Stages R Track Definitions R Crime Types R Case Flow R Lag Times R Recycle Information O Impact on Caseload Thru Change in Flow Stages R Branches R Crime Types R Case Flow R Impact on Resources Thru Change in Usage Resources R Crime Types R Case Flow R Resource Time at
40. e Global Tracks Size Reports Defined Stages Selected Arrests First Appearance Preliminary Hear Grand Jury Arraignment Motion Hearings Plea Bench Trial Figure 3 16 The Re Order dialog box Exit The Exit option takes you out of CJSSIM and back to Windows About The About option the final option in the File menu displays the CJSSIM title screen and summary information about the number of resources stages and tracks allowed in the system Global Menu If you click the word Global the following menu appears Global displays the flow chart CJSSIM User Manual Page 3 15 Note Each time you exit a dialog box in Global CJSSIM returns to the Flow Definition screen Select Global again in order to select the next option CJSSIM User Manual Size Reports f File Beit Tracks f Groups Resources Lag Time AutoCompute DL Temode 17 Figure 3 17 The Global menu Groups The Groups dialog box enables you to define groups to be analyzed Its operation is explained in Chapter 5 Flow Definition C CJS CJSVER FD File Global Tracks Size Reports Person Crimes Property Crimes Drug Crimes Initial Test Flow ne om Initial Base Flow Figure 3 18 The Groups dialog box Resources The Resources dialog box Figure 3 19 enables you to define resources and assign them to each stage and branch of the workflow See Chapter 5 for more information Page 3 16 CJSSIM
41. e option erases the currently selected track completely from the screen and from disk Use this option only when you know you will not need to use the track again Size Option The size option in the Track Definition Screen is the same as the size option in the Flow Definition screen discussed earlier in this chapter Exit Option Click Exit to return to the Flow Definition screen Page 3 21 Note You can only make changes to stages when in the Flow Definition screen You cannot double click a stage while in the Tracks menu CJSSIM User Manual Track Definition To define a new track follow these easy steps 1 Click Tracks option on the Flow Definition screen The Select Analysis Track dialog box will automatically appear as shown in Figure 3 23 2 Click the Cancel button to exit the Select Analysis Track without selecting a track 3 Moving in sequence from left to right in numerical order on the flow diagram click the stages you want to include in the new track e With color monitors the stages you select will change to a different color usually red e If you are using a monochrome monitor you may not be able to see tracks on the Track Definition Screen 4 When you have selected all the stages for your track click the Track menu then on the Save option type a unique name for the track in the Unlabeled box and click the OK button Your track will be defined and saved ready to be selected You will b
42. e returned to the Track Definition screen automatically Figure 3 25 Page 3 22 Track Definition Unlabeled Track Size Exit Save As Fast Track Tis cki Slow Track Cancel Figure 3 25 A newly defined track named Trackl To confirm the definition of your new track click the Track menu and then the Retrieve option The name you entered should appear in the Select Analysis Track dialog box Cancel will return you the Track Definition screen When you retrieve the track in the future the stages will be outlined in color Size Option The Size option controls the size of the graphic stage display By moving the slide bar on the Stage Display Size dialog box you will vary the size of the stage display as shown earlier in this chapter CJSSIM User Manual Page 3 23 Flow Definition C CJS CJSVER FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Actual Size 40 100 OR gt ae Es Figure 3 26 The Size Option Reports Option Selecting the Reports option brings up the Flow Simulation Report screen that governs the types of reports produced by CJSSIM CJSSIM produces two types of reports 1 General reports show either baseline or proposed data 2 Impact reports show a comparison of baseline and proposed data Note You cannot make When you click the Reports option the menu bar at the top of the screen changes to stage changes indicating that you have entered the Reports subsystem
43. e the nature of these changes but it will show their impact To view the changes go to Flow Definition We can immediately see the impact of these changes on the number of cases in subsequent stages For example we can click Stage 7 Motion Hearings and then click Branches to see the revised number of pleas There is now a change m Property Crime cases to the Plea Bench Trial and Jury stages Print the Detail Proposed Stage Resource Usage report for the four stages to compare with the Baseline report The new reports will show the following information for the four affected stages Page 4 12 CJSSIM User Manual Page 4 13 CJSSIM User Manual PROPERTY CRIME COSTS PROPOSED Total Stage Number Costs 7 Motion Hearings 500 87 719 8 Pleas 761 104 849 9 Bench Trials 34 11 698 10 Jury Trials 13 15 995 Total Pleas and Trials 808 132 542 A comparison of these figures to the Baseline figures shows several interesting results The number of cases entering into Stage 7 amounts to 500 which is a substantial reduction from the previous number of 590 cases There is a subsequent savings in costs for this stage of 15 789 103 508 compared to 87 719 which is about 27 percent The number of cases in Stage 8 Plea increases from 685 to 761 Given the change in flows a greater change might have been anticipated However this stage obtains its cases from both Stage 6 Arraignments and Stage 7 Motion Hearings Our change resu
44. e the system click File followed by a click on Save If you have already saved EXAMPLEI a window will appear with the file names already filled in if not follow the procedures on page 5 11 under Save Your System Click Ok to save the file You can also print several reports at this point Stage Usage of Resources Detail Stage Resource Usage Unallocated Resource Units and Overuse of Resources To run these reports select the Reports menu from the Flow Definition screen Then select General to see all the list of general reports Now select the report you want to print To leave the Reports menu select Exit To exit the system click File followed by a click on Exit Page 5 32 6 CJSSIM Reports Note If you are currently in CJSSIM minimize the window by clicking on the down arrow located in the upper right corner CJSSIM User Manual A variety of reports are available within CJSSIM Many of the reports are useful even when you have not yet entered the full array of information in the database such as resource time information In this chapter we review how to obtain reports from the system and we provide report examples Some reports from the system are easier to read if they are produced in landscape rather than the normal portrait printer orientation Landscape orientation turns the report on its side and allows you to print across the full length of the paper The Graphic Flow Report and Unallocated Resource Units R
45. em searches for these extensions in setting up the list of files that appears on the right of the screen when you load or save files Creating Proposed Files After you have created your Resources and Flow Definitions files there is a shortcut method for establishing the Resource Changes and Flow Changes files The following steps can be used during the load process to copy the Resources and Flow Definitions information into the Resource Changes and Flow Changes information Page 7 1 1 Click on File 2 Click on Load 3 Click on the Resources button An X will appear in both the Resources and Resource Changes boxes 4 Double click on a file that appears on the right of the screen 5 Click on the Resource Changes button to remove the X which appears in the box 6 Click on the Flow Definitions button An X will appear in both the Flow Definitions and Flow Changes boxes 7 Double click on a file that appears on the right of the screen 8 Click on the Flow Changes button to remove the X which appears in the box 9 Click on OK to read the files You will now get a Flow Definition screen with the defined system If you click on a stage and then check the Resources and Branches information you will see that the Baseline and Proposed information are identical You can now make changes to the Proposed information and save the four files Maximum Capacities What values should you put into your model as maximum
46. eport should be produced in this manner To switch from portrait to landscape mode requires the following Windows steps 1 Double click Main in the Program Manager window 2 Double click Control Panel from the Main screen 3 Double click Printers 4 Click Configure in the Printers dialog box 5 Click Setup in the Printers Configure box 6 Click Landscape in the Orientation box of your printer setup box 7 Click 300 dots per inch in the Graphics Resolution box to get high resolution 8 Click OK to return to the Printers Setup box 9 Click OK to return to the Printers box Page 6 1 Note CJSSIM only prints reports You can not see them on the screen Tip CJSSIM will not work with a postscript printer CJSSIM User Manual 10 Click OK to return to the Control Panel window 11 Click the minus sign in the upper left corner and Close the Control Panel window The following sections describe the reports available in CJSSIM and the options available with them General Reports The nine reports available through the General Reports option are shown in Figures 6 1 through 6 9 at the end of this chapter To obtain these reports you should click Reports followed by a click on General The full list of reports will then be listed in a menu The bottom of the menu shows Baseline and Proposed For some of the reports you will want to be sure to select one of these options The system assumes Baseline informatio
47. etectives are estimates of the amount investigations and court Rainember NER of time that these resources can devote to arrests investigations and necessarily reflect the total associated court time It does not necessarily reflect the total time on duty time on duty for these for these resources since they may have non crime activities which are not TESOUTEES since non crime captured in the system activities are not captured in the system We are now ready to start asking the What If questions CJSSIM User Manual Page 4 4 CJSSIM User Manual Question 1 What If the Caseload Increases We have already incorporated the increases in the system with the changes in the number of offenses at Stage 1 An immediate way of viewing the impact of the increased offenses and subsequent arrests is to look at the information in Stage 11 Sentencing Hearings 1 View impact of increases offenses Remember you can double click the stage to see the information Click Branches to see case flow information a Double click Stage 11 b Click Branches Flow Definition C CJS CJSVER FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Case Flow for Stage 11 Sentence Hearing Group Baseline Proposed Group Person Crime Person Crimes Stage Property Crimes ge Drug Crimes Count Branch Baseline Proposed Ratio Figure 4 3 Change in caseload c You will now see Baseline and Proposed information about each
48. f cases completing a track the average case costs and the average processing time Prior to selecting this report you should select either Baseline or Proposed The report will then reflect the selected base of information To determine the number of cases completing a track the system starts with the first stage of the track and then estimates the number of cases that follow the track The estimation procedure uses the branching ratios from each stage The results may therefore show a fractional part of a case because of the estimations The average case costs are determined by the cost information at each stage defined in a track These costs are summed across the stages in the track and then multiplied by the number of estimated cases completing the track The average processing time for a case is determined by the lag time information provided by you on the time between stages The averages are summed to get this processing time Any recycle information provided for a stage is included in the average processing time Case Processing Time The Case Processing Time Report Figure 6 9 gives more details on the amount of time required for cases in a track It lists each stage in the track along with an estimated number of cases and the cumulative amount of case processing time The last line of this report should agree with the Track Analysis Summary Report One word of caution should be mentioned about this report The number of ca
49. ge Sometimes you may want to delete a stage and start over As an example you can delete Stage 6 with the following steps 1 Double click Stage 6 2 Press Alt D or click the Drop button You will now see a box verifying that you want to delete this stage Press Alt Y or click Yes for verification 3 The stage will now be removed from the screen and from the system Any subsequent stages will be renumbered Re create the Arraignment stage for this example CISSIM User Manual Page Page 5 14 Save Your System Its a good idea at this point to save the system you have created We will name this system EXAMPLEI 1 Click File 2 Click Save 3 Click the Resources button An X will appear in both the CJSSIM User Manual Resources and the Resource Changes buttons Place the pointer on the box immediately to the right of Resources which currently contains rdf Type EXAMPLE1 RDF into this box Do not press Enter at this time Click the Flow Definitions button An X will appear in both the Flow Definitions and Flow Changes buttons Place the pointer on the box immediately to the right of Flow Definitions which currently contains fdf Type EXAMPLE1 FDF into this box Click OK to save the files The program automatically supplies EXAMPLEI FCF You will be returned to the Flow Definition window to continue with this example When you save the system again you will not have to reenter this information as
50. ge 5 Click Person Crimes Click Grand Jury Tab to Count and enter the data from Figure 5 13 380 Click Save Repeat the data entry for Property Crimes using the data in Figure 5 14 13 Select Next to complete the flow information Repeat 12 using the data from Figure 5 13 for Person Crimes and Figure 5 14 for Property Crimes 14 When the caseflows for all stages have been entered click the Save button and then the Exit button to leave the Caseflow screen level 15 At the Information box click the Save button and then the Exit button to leave the Information box and return to the Flow Definition screen You have two ways to check your entries on caseflows at this point One way is to switch to TextMode and view the stage information on your monitor The other way is to print the Stage Definitions Report To switch to TextMode click Global followed by a click on TextMode The monitor will now show the information for Stage 1 Offenses in text format Use the PgUp and PgDn keys to see everything for Stage 1 Use the F10 key to move forward to subsequent stages and use F9 to move back to stages To exit from TextMode click Global and then click TextMode You will then return to the Flow Definition screen To print the Stage Definitions report click Reports Then click General and on Stage Definitions You will now have a dialog box asking for an individual stage or for all stages Click a stage name followed by a click on Selec
51. h by the left button under the Defined Resources box when the dialog title bar says Baseline Global resource Information the button will say Proposed indicating that clicking on the button will change to Proposed Ifthe title bar says Proposed Global Resource Information then the button will say Baseline If the dialog box title bar says Baseline Global Resource Information click the Proposed button to switch to the proposed resource information You will see Proposed Global Resource Information at the top of the window Click Patrol Officer to obtain cost and resource information The Maximum capacity for a patrol officer is 9 500 hours This figure represents the total hours now devoted by patrol officers to investigations Flow Definition CACJS CJSVER FDF Global Tracks Size Reports Proposed Global Resource Information Label 7 Defined R Capacities Patrol Officg Cost Information Detective Current Jailer 2 Prosecutor Maximum Magistrate z Bailiff Computed Sup Court J PSI Report Prison CJSSIM User Manual Le Figure 4 2 Change in maximum capacities Page 4 3 Tip A key here is the j Click Detective The Maximum capacity for detectives is 15 000 definition of resources Be hours careful of your unit of analysis It must correspond to the stage For example k Click Exit patrol officer time should AE These figures for patrol officers and d
52. hat is being displayed for you CJSSIM User Manual Page 3 28 Flow Definition C CJS CJSVER FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Help CJSSIM HLP File Edit Bookmark Help Soy 44 gt gt Back Browse Browse A i B CIS81IM 001 Flow Definition Help Information The menu items for the Flow Definition window are File Global Tracks Size and Reports The File menu is primarily for loading and saving CISSIM files The Global menu is for describing crime types resources and lag times in the system The Tracks menu allows you to define paths through the system The Size menu allows you to control the size of the stages on your screen The Reports menu allows you You can Maximize the window so that you can read the Help information more easily You do this by clicking on the up arrow located in the upper right corner of the screen on the title bar You can now scroll through the Help information If you want to see other Help files you can use the command buttons along the top of the screen The buttons activated for CJSSIM are the following Index This button moves you to the top of the Help file Back This button moves you back to your previous location If Back is clicked after Index you return to your starting position Browse gt gt This button moves you forward to the next Help description lt lt Browse This button moves you backward to the previous Help
53. he system Dre 3 30 The Impact menu Caseload Thru Change in Flow The Change in Flow option produces a report showing the difference in workflows between baseline and proposed data for a specified stage CJSSIM User Manual Page 3 27 Resources Thru Change in Usage The Resources Usage option produces a report showing the differences in usage and cost between baseline and proposed data for a specified resource in a specified group crime type Stages Thru Change In Usage This option tells CJSSIM to produce a resource summary report rather than reports of impacts by stages When the Resource Summary option is switched on the Report by Stage option switches off Generating Reports You generate CJSSIM reports from the Reports subsystem 1 Click the Reports menu on the Flow Definition screen 2 Click General or Impact to get a list of reports 3 Click the specific report you want from the menu CJSSIM will automatically send the report to your printer To exit the Reports subsystem click the Exit option Getting Help Help information can be obtained by clicking on the Help button in a dialog box or by pressing Fl if you are not in a dialog box The Help information for CJSSIM takes advantage of the built in Help facility for Windows When you enter the Help system you will see the portion of the Help file that addresses your current dialog box or window Note that the title bar says Help CJSSIM HLP This is the file t
54. howing baseline and proposed cost and capacity information for all global resources Unallocated Resource Units This option produces a report showing the maximum capacity usage unused capacities and slack percent for all resources in a model and also indicates which resources are overused on a global basis Stage Usage of Resources This option produces a report showing usage of a specified resource in a specified stage by group crime type Detail Stage Resource Usage This option produces a report showing usage and cost breakdowns for all resources and crime types for a specified stage Page 3 26 Overuse of Resources The Overuse of Resources option produces a report showing the usage capacity and excess for a specified resource by stage and by crime type Track Analysis Summary This option produces a report showing the number of cases average case costs and average processing time for each crime type in a specified track Case Processing Time This option produces a report showing the amount of average case processing time required for each stage by crime type Report Baseline Information This toggle switch tells CJSSIM to produce reports based on baseline information Report Proposed Information This toggle switch tells CJSSIM to produce reports based on proposed information Impact Menu The Impact menu produces What If reports comparing baseline and proposed data for the entire system or a track within t
55. in jail etc in the box on the right This should reflect the amount of relevant workload that occ rsifar 5 TAB once to move to the box for Workload Units for Baseline that resource in that stage From Figure 5 22 enter 2 0 as the number of hours For example patrol officers exert o Ww rkload units Jor 6 TAB twice to move to the box for of Cases for Baseline Enter personal crimes Make sure to express Workload Units in the same units used in the cost of a resource i e hour 7 TAB twice to move to the box for Maximum Capacity for Baseline monthly weekly each 216 box Enter 1800 The screen will appear as in Figure 5 26 100 Workload for Stage 1 Offense File Glo Defined G efine roups Stage Offense Prior Person Crime Group Person Crime Property Crime Resources Patrol Officer Patrol Officer Baseline Pre Workload Units o 1 of Cases o i Maximum Capacity o Figure 5 26 Entering Workload Units 8 Click Save to save this information 9 Click Property Crimes and repeat Steps 4 through 8 10 Now click Next Stage to move to the window for Stage 2 Arrests CJSSIM User Manual Page 5 31 CJSSIM User Manual 11 Repeat the above steps entering the information from Figure 5 22 and saving your information along the way This completes the development of this system You can check all the entries in the system through the Global TextMode feature To sav
56. ion Limit your model to a single criminal justice system or one specific subsystem i e court process pretrial probation community corrections etc Build a different model for each distinct criminal justice system e g separate misdemeanor and felony models separate models for Juvenile Traffic Civil and Criminal Courts 4 Enter the caseflow data Suggestion Print the graphic flow diagram and pencil in the incoming and outgoing flows for each stage 5 Enter the time consumed i e the resource units at each stage This is the most difficult data collection task The following sections explain these operations for the model we are building Before starting these steps you should be in the CJSSIM program with a blank Flow Definition window Step One Define Groups For this example the groups will be Property Person and Drug Crimes You can define groups however to match your system 1 Starting at the Flow Definition screen click the Global menu title 2 Click the Groups option A dialog box similar to Figure 5 1 will open The system is initialized with a Default crime type In the following steps we will define Person Crimes and Property Crimes Then we will delete the Default crime type Page 5 2 Flow Definition UNNAMED FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Global Group Information Default Initial Base Flow Initial Test Flow ts Figure 5 1 The Global Group Infor
57. it before installing CJSSIM See your Windows User s Guide for instructions Create a subdirectory named CJS on your hard disk Go to drive C assuming that is the hard drive where you want CJSSIM to be located type the command MD CJS and press ENTER If you are installing CJSSIM on a drive other than C you should insert the letter designator for that drive in place of C in all instances To put CJSSIM on your drive insert the backup copy of the CJSSIM diskette into drive A Type COPY A C CJS Press ENTER You should copy six files After all the files have been copied remove the diskette from drive At Page 2 2 CJSSIM User Manual 6 Load Windows 386 or Real mode CJSSIM will not operate in Standard mode Type CD WINDOWS There are two ways to set up the CJSSIM icon depending on whether you already have a Windows Applications Group If you already have a Windows Applications Group double click on the group Select File from the menu Select New Select Program Item and click on OK A dialog box will appear on the screen In the Description box type FLOW SIMULATOR In the Command line type C CJS CJSSIM EXE I Click the OK button The Flow Simulator icon scales of justice will appear on the screen If you do not have a Windows Applications Group then use SETUP to create the CJSSIM icon Double click on the Main group The main group of programs will be displayed Do
58. it will automatically appear on the screen Page 5 15 Note You can print the graphic flow diagram in landscape mode by going to the Control Panel of your Main window under Program Manager After changing the printer to landscape mode return to CJSSIM and print the diagram Note You can assume that all cases are not processed by dropping numbers from one stage to the next This can represent continuing cases lost files merging of cases and defendants etc The report Impact on Caseload Through Change in Flow will detail the loss per stage CJSSIM User Manual Step Four Enter the Caseflow Data Before you begin entering the caseflow data it s a good idea to print a copy of the flow diagram for your model and write on the diagram the number of each type of case going into the stage Then you should check to make sure the caseflow from stage to stage makes sense You can print a copy of the flow diagram as follows 1 If you previously exited the system load the model and display the flow diagram on the Flow Definition screen 2 Click the Reports option 3 Click the General menu 4 Select Graphic Flow Diagram option Figures 5 13 and 5 14 show the flows for person and property crimes in our example In Figure 5 13 we start with 700 person crimes in the Offenses stage Stage 1 Stage 2 Arrests shows 500 arrests for persons crimes and Stage 3 First Appearance shows 500 persons at First Appearance heari
59. ize and Reports File Menu To view the File menu drag the mouse pointer to the left side of the screen and click the word File The following display will appear After you finish each function Clear Load Save Reorder Exit you will return to the Flow Definition screen Clear i Load Save at p e kE About Figure 3 13 The File menu Page 3 12 Note You cannot load a file from the A or B drives You must copy these files to the CACJS drive CJSSIM User Manual Clear The Clear option removes current data from the system A Reset Flow Data box opens Figure 3 14 and you have the options of resetting the Resources Resource Changes Flow Definition or Flow Changes files the four basic types of CJSSIM data The Clear option works on pairs of data files Resources and Resource Changes go together as do Flow Definitions and Flow Changes To select a data file to be cleared click the box beside the file name An X will appear in the box and in the box beside the paired file To remove the selection click either box again To complete the Clear action click the OK box You will be returned to the Flow Definition screen automatically Flow Definition CACJS CJSVER FDF File Global Tracks Size R i O Resource Changes B Eazi Pie O Flow Definition va a O Flow Changes a Figure 3 14 The Clear dialog box Load The Load option enables you to load a database The system
60. ks Option The Tracks option opens the Select Analysis Track dialog box Figure 3 23 and enables you to define and select tracks for analysis and to produce reports about them It also enables you to save and delete tracks that you have defined Page 3 19 CJSSIM User Manual Flow Definition C CJS CJSVER FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports 1 Fast Track 2 Slow Track Figure 3 23 The Select Analysis Track dialog box Track Menu To view the Track menu drag the mouse pointer to the left side of the screen and click the word Track Exit Retrieve Save Delete Figure 3 24 The Track menu Clear The Clear option clears the current track from the screen If the track has been previously saved it does not delete the track Use this option when you want to leave one track and retrieve another Page 3 20 CJSSIM User Manual Retrieve The Retrieve option opens the Select Analysis Track dialog box and enables you to select a pre defined track for analysis You may use the scroll bar on the dialog box to view the track names To select a track for analysis click Retrieve and then double click the name of the desired track An alternative way is to highlight the desired track by a click and then click the Select button Save The Save option saves a track that you have defined To save a track click Save type a name for the track and click the OK box Delete Be careful The Delet
61. l build a small system consisting of six stages Offenses Arrests First Appearances Preliminary Hearings Grand Juries and Arraignment You may recognize these from the system presented in previous chapters For illustration purposes we will have only two crime types Property Crimes and Person Crimes Also we will define the ten resource types needed for this system Patrol Officers Detectives Correctional Officers Jail Days Bailiffs Magistrates Prosecutors Sheriffs Public Defenders Jurors and Superior Court Judges For each resource we will enter average costs and the amount of the resource available for the system Order of Operations For best results build your CJSSIM model in the following order 1 Define your crime type groups The crime types should fit your planning research purposes but it is strongly suggested that you start with only two or three crime types Examples might be property crimes person crimes and drug crimes Later you can break these into additional types 1f you wish 2 Define your resource set Name the resources that will be used in all the stages of your system The resources include the personnel or facilities used in the system you are modelling Page 5 1 CJSSIM User Manual 3 Define the stages and connections between stages You may wish to start with the generic model and modify it to fit your analytic needs You can even run some useful reports at this point Suggest
62. lag time for use throughout the system or define lag times associated with particular stages or groups Track A track is a path or subsystem through two or more sequential stages of the system For example one track might be from arrest through jury trial another might be from arrest through bench trial Most criminal justice systems have several tracks through which cases can flow depending on choices and outcomes at various stages in the system You may also wish to define hypothetical alternative tracks to see what would happen if the basic caseflow changed CJSSIM Limitations Generally CJSSIM can model just about any criminal justice system for which you can obtain data However there are limits on the maximum number of elements that can be included in any one system The limits are as follows Elements Maximum Number Groups 16 Resources 64 Tracks 16 Stages 64 Within any stage the maximum number of possible Resources is 16 and the maximum number of possible Branches is 8 CUSSIM User Manual Page 1 4 CJSSIM User Manual Using This Manual This manual is designed as a tutorial and reference guide It tells how to install the CJSSIM software learn the system using the generic model and database modify the generic model and build your own models and databases You may wish to skim the manual first to get a feel for the system Then you should read each section and follow the steps in the manual on your computer
63. lted in more cases from Stage 6 but fewer cases from Stage 7 with an overall net effect of 76 more cases There is also a reduction in the number of cases in Stage 9 Bench Trials from 40 trials to 34 trials Similarly there is a reduction in Stage 10 Jury Trials from 15 trials to 13 trials These are relatively small changes but have a cost impact because of the costs of individual trials With Bench Trials we see a cost reduction from 13 706 to 11 698 Similarly the cost decrease for Jury Trials is from 18 809 to 15 995 We could of course hypothesize other changes in flow to the system for Person Crimes and Drug Crimes Our aim in this example was to present a relatively simple scenario to show the use of the system on analyzing changes Flow changes to other crime types are relatively easy and follow the same steps as discussed above Page 4 14 Question 4 What If We Want to Compare Different Tracks Through the System Cases can flow through the system in several different ways Some arrested persons waive their Preliminary Hearing and go directly to the Grand Jury Another key difference in flow occurs when defendants decide to enter pleas or request trials The routes through the system determine their costs and processing time In this system we have defined two tracks called Slow Track and Fast Track The Fast Track consists of the following stages First Appearance Grand Jury Arraignment Plea and Sentence Hearing
64. m of the Flow Definition screen to the right or click the arrow at the right end of the scroll bar To scroll the display to the left drag the rectangle to the left or click the arrow at the left end of the scroll bar File Global Tracks Size Reports 8 Plea 7 9 Motion Bench Figure 3 10 The Stage display scrolled to the right Getting Information about Particular Stages Viewing a Stage To view a stage double click the stage s box in the Flow Definitions screen A dialog box describing the stage will open For example if you double click the box labeled 3 in the sample database the following dialog box will open CISSIM User Manual Page39 Page 3 9 CJSSIM User Manual iy Label Display O Key Resource x Origin 370 None Y Origin pa Branches 2 Length Recycle Info Save Elle Global Ira Cases ld Figure 3 11 Information Box for Stage 3 Delay This dialog box tells you the name of the stage in this case First Appearance It also identifies the key resource for the stage if one has been assigned and the number of branches of the stage The box has buttons for moving to the prior or next stage and buttons for getting additional information about resources branches and stages Some key buttons are Save Exit Drop and Help Save saves the changes that were made Exit allows you to exit from this stage Drop allows you to delete this information Help p
65. mation dialog box 3 Type Crime Types in the Type box 4 Click Default The default value is set at 1000 for both the base and test flow 5 Press Alt L or move the pointer to the Label box 6 Type Person Crimes in the Label box over Default 7 Click the Save button to save the entry The screen will look like Figure 5 2 CJSSIM User Manual Page 5 3 CJSSIM User Manual File Global Flow Definition UNNAMED FDF Tracks Size Reports Type Crime Type Label Person Crimes Person Crimes Initial Base Flow 1000 Initial Test Flow 1000 SIG Figure 5 2 The first crime type defined 8 Type Property Crimes in the Label box You can tab back to the Label box or move the arrow to the Label box and click 9 Click the Save button to save the entry 10 Repeat the procedure for Drug Crimes The screen will appear as in Figure 5 3 Page 5 4 Flow Definition UNNAMED FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Type Crime Types Label Property Crimes Person Crimes Property Crimes Initial Base Flow Initial Test Flow Figure 5 3 The second crime type defined 10 Click the Exit button to close the dialog box and return to the Flow Tip Other costs are Definition screen important to define They can include overtime supervision additional equipment etc Be sure they are calculated on the same unit as salary Contact your Figure 5 4 shows the information on the resource
66. n after the number CJSSIM will automatically treat the number as a percent Don t worry about entering Capacities data just yet When you finish your Defined Resources box will look something like Figure 5 7 Page 5 9 Note If you need to exit the model before you have finished it be sure to save the data you have entered Click Yes in the Save box when you are prompted CJSSIM User Manual Flow Definition unnamed fdf File Global Tracks Size Reports Label Capacities Cost Information Current Base Maximum Fringe Other Computed 200 00 Save Exit DJ Units Delete Defined Re Bailiff Sup Ct Judg PSI Report Prison Jail Probation Public Defen Sheriff Figure 5 7 The Defined Resources dialog box with all resource names entered You can review and change the information you have entered by clicking on a Resource name in the Defined Resources box 11 Click the Exit button to return to the Flow Definition screen Page 5 10 Step Three Define the Stages and Connections Between Stages The connections between stages define the branches of the caseflow To define the stages and connections in your model follow these steps A Create and name the stages 1 On the Flow Definition screen it should be a clear screen double click at the point where you want the first stage to be located A box labeled Stage 1 will appear and an information box for St
67. n is to be used if you do not make a selection To produce a General report you click on the desired report You may then be prompted for other information such as whether you want the report for all stages or just one stage A brief description of each report follows Graphic Flow Diagram Figure 6 1 page 6 8 is a graphic flow diagram of the system that appears on the Flow Definition Screen The file names for the system and the names of each stage are also listed on this report Stage Definitions The Stage Definitions Report Figure 6 2 gives detailed information for each stage including recycling information resource usage and outgoing flows This information is provided for each crime type and for both Baseline and Proposed information Page 6 2 CJSSIM User Manual You can print this report for all stages in the system or for an individual stage by selecting the stage A long report may result if all stages are selected Resource Definitions The Resources Definitions Report Figure 6 3 lists each resource defined in Global Resources portion of the system along with base salary fringe benefit and overhead information The first page of the report shows Baseline and the second page shows Proposed information Unallocated Resource Units The Unallocated Resource Units Report Figure 6 4 gives the capacity for each resource in the system the actual use of each resource the amount of available time of each reso
68. ndover Maryland Figure 2 1 The CJSSIM title screen Page 2 4 3 Running CJSSIM CJSSIM User Manual CJSSIM runs from menus You may issue all commands and enter all data by selecting items from either pull down menus or dialog boxes and by typing information into dialog boxes Normally you issue commands by clicking the mouse on menu items You enter data by clicking on a box within a dialog box and typing the data into the box If you do not wish to use the mouse you may select menu items from the keyboard The procedure is the same as in Windows If you look carefully at each menu item you ll see that one character in the name is underlined Usually it is the first character but sometimes it is another for instance Exit for exit To select the menu option hold down the ALT key and press the key for the underlined letter Loading CJSSIM To load CJSSIM follow these steps 1 Double click the Windows Applications Group Then double click the Flow Simulator icon The CJSSIM title screen will appear Page 3 1 CJSSIM User Manual Flow Definition UNNAMED FDF File Global Tracks 43 CJSSIM The Interactive Criminal Justice System Simulation Model Version 1 01 Created for The Institute for Law and Justice 1018 Duke Street Alexandria VA 22314 Phone 703 684 5300 Fax 703 739 5533 by Chesapeake Computing Inc Landover Maryland Figure 3 1 The CJSSIM title screen 2 Click
69. ne 4 Initial flow for group 2 Line 5 Initial flow for group 3 if applicable put in a separate line for each group number The remainder of the file has a repeating structure as follows CJSSIM User Manual Page 9 3 Line number of group 3 Line number of groups 3 Number of stages in model Then for each stage repeat the following information Place each data item on a separate line A Indicate the number of branches B Indicate for the first group crime type initial flow to the first branch C Indicate the lag definition code of 0 1 2 3 4 as described below D Indicate the parameter for the lag definition There can be up to eight parameters of lag definition depending upon the type of lag definition used as described below E Repeat Steps A through D for each branch of stage 1 Repeat Steps A through E for the second group or crime type Repeat these steps for each stage Mathematically this can be displayed as follows Flow Definition lt filename gt FDF lt of Stages gt First Stage lt of Branches gt First Crime Type gt no indicator lt flow to first branch gt lt lag definition code number see values below lt parameter 1 gt lt parameter 2 gt lt parameter 8 gt lt flow to kth branch gt Second Crime Type gt no indicator lt flow to first branch gt lt lag definition code number see values below lt parameter 1 gt lt parameter 2 gt CJSSIM User Manual
70. ne ame 3 9 Bile Mensa rn 3 9 Global MENU SR nee RC an 3 11 Tracks Option a a a rends 3 14 Size OPUON sis na ini Rai nn 3 17 IRE POLES ODEON er ae 3 17 G n rale REDOT S LE RER R dE nee 3 20 Getting Help tennis ie 3 21 4 Taking a Test Run nk ee te TE 4 1 Question 1 What If the Caseload Increases nennen 4 4 Question 2 What If the Costs of Resources Increase cccccssceceesseeeeeeeees 4 6 Question 3 What If We Change Case Flow 4 8 Question 4 What If We Want To Compare Different Tracks Through the System Rs ce pr ve sat Neat is tesa ee 4 13 5 Building Your Own CJSSIM Model 5 1 Order OF Operations s 4 22a nenn 5 1 MEP ONE Define Grops nn ER ER Tran es 5 2 Step Two Define the Resource Set 5 4 Step Three Define the Stages and Connections Between Stages 5 8 CJSSIM User Manual Page i D l A SSL en she A nn es 5 10 DAVE YOUr SyStem cz ses suisse una Hinlanln 5 11 Step Four Enter the Case Flow Data ae nec nids nn 5 12 Enter the Initial Case Flow Data ss 5 15 Enter the Remaining Case Flow Data 5 15 Enter the Resource Units at Each Stage u a ee 5 20 Enter the Resource Unis enter 5 22 Enter Workload Units Percent of Cases and Capacity 5 24 6 CJSSIM Reports un una 6 1 General Reports eis in 6 2 Impact Reporter nn te 6 5 DAMON nan cn nc VISDIEFEE 6 5 7 Advanced Considerations 7 1 CIS SIM Files
71. ne na nee a Nm tie 7 1 Creating Proposed Files u ss 7 1 Maximum Capacities en feeling 7 2 REC Cli asa reste Rd Re aac 7 3 Las Tre susanne Rasa a a a 7 4 Types OF Distabutlon ui te inte ei donessa iott 7 4 Entering Lag Time Information 7 7 Worklead Unis ne ee 7 8 8 Worksheets for CJSSIM Getting Started 8 1 Global Group Information sannastnesinegahnuekshhunalen 8 1 Global Resources Information 02 23 HE 8 1 148 TS ATAU OES Sr ee 8 2 Group Information Resource Workload ss 8 2 9 Import Export Procedures for CJSSIM 9 1 Installing the Import Export Function en 9 1 CIS SIM Data FRS ene ee a EEE EEE 9 2 Using the Export Function sinn tee nan ann ie being 9 2 The Structure of the Case Flow File 9 3 Explanations of Lag Definitions and Parameter Numbers 9 5 The Structure of the Resource Riley 9 5 Using the Import Function sans 9 7 Developing an Import File seen seinen 9 7 Imporune alle ne 9 8 Appendix A Structure of a Case Flow File Appendix B Example of Data Structure for Resource Files RDF or RDC CJSSIM User Manual Page ii Index CJSSIM User Manual Page iii Figure 8 3 Group Information Resource Workload Stage Baseline En Proposed Crime Crime Crime Resources Workload Percent Capacity Workload Percent Capacity Workload Percent Capacity 1 2 3 4
72. ned unit i e hour day week etc For facilities this can be the cost for a day week etc Use the units identified below Page 8 1 CJSSIM User Manual Fringe Benefits This refers to the fringes attached to salaries or base costs Fringes typically consist of social security retirement medical etc Remember this can be expressed as a percentage of the base salary by using the sign in the model Other This is a general category that you can use at your convenience In this category you can include your overhead rates Sometimes you may wish to include costs associated with a specific function For example under the judge costs you may wish to include the cost of the law clerk administrative support security and any related operating expenses This is an excellent way of reflecting total costs of resources without having to add all of the associated costs in your system Unit Unit refers to the unit of measurement for the salary or costs Units consist of day week month yearly or each Remember that unit also defines how your workload is measured If your workload is expressed in hours then the cost must also be expressed in hours Maximum Maximum refers to the maximum capacity for a particular resource Chapter 7 has a discussion on the maximum capacity issues Lag Definitions The lag definition sheet Figure 8 3 is used to define the time differences throughout the system or from one stage to a next This basic
73. ngs After these appearances 400 persons had Preliminary Hearings and 50 persons went directly to the Grand Jury These 50 persons waived their preliminary hearings Of the 400 persons at the Preliminary Hearing 380 went to the Grand Jury while 20 persons dropped out of the system at this point Stage 5 Grand Jury shows a total of 430 persons Finally there was a total of 410 persons at Stage 6 Arraignment The data is provided for all 14 stages We will explain the flow input for only six stages You are encouraged to complete the remaining stages and flow later as an exercise Page 5 16 Figure 5 13 Flow for Person Crimes Graphic Flow Diagram Stage file CACJS CJSVER FDF Stage changes CA CJS CISVER FCF Resource file CACJS CJSVER RDF Resource changes CA CJIS CISVER RCF Stages 1 Offenses 8 Plea 2 Arrests 9 Bench Trial 3 First Appearance 10 Jury Trial 4 Preliminary Hear 11 Sentence Hearing 5 Grand Jury 12 Prison 6 Arraignment 13 Jail 7 Motion Hearings 14 Probation CJSSIM User Manual Page 5 17 Figure 5 14 Flow for Property Crimes Graphic Flow Diagram Stage file CACJS CJSVER FDF Stage changes CA CJS CISVER FCF Resource file CACJS CJSVER RDF Resource changes CA CJIS CISVER RCF Stages 1 Offenses 8 Plea 2 Arrests 9 Bench Trial 3 First Appearance 10 Jury Trial 4 Preliminary Hear 11 Sentence Hearing 5 Grand Jury 12 Prison 6 Arraignment
74. nits Remember to express the units as 1 Hour 2 Weekly 3 Monthly 4 Annually 5 Each An example of the file with labels follows it only provides information on the first resource The full listing is provided in Appendix B Source tag RDF Baseline file C CJS CJSVER RDF Resource count 14 Resource 1 Patrol Officer Base cost 12 00 Fringe costs 7 20 Other costs 17 50 Curr capacity 8599 35 Max capacity 7635 00 Cost units HOUR The same export without labels is CACIS CISVER RDF 14 12 00 7 20 Page 9 8 CJSSIM User Manual 0 17 50 0 7635 00 0 Using the Import Function Importing generally means that you can transport the information from another system into the CJSSIM model This will make it easier for you to create and update information on the system Developing an Import File The data structure for the files should basically consist of a vector of one item per line That means that each item should be on one line DATA MUST BE IMPORTED WITHOUT ANY LABELS The structure for the import file should be the same as the export file Use the instructions on the type of export file to define where data elements go on an import file refer to the sections titled The Structure of the Case Flow File and The Structure of the Resource File that describe where you should place data items For example the vector of the cjsver fdf our sample file will look like 3 700 1400 400 14
75. nt Capacity 1 0 100 450 1 0 100 950 2 0 100 900 2 0 100 1900 2 0 60 250 2 0 70 1300 1 0 100 450 1 0 100 950 2 0 100 900 2 0 100 1900 1 0 5 50 1 0 3 30 1 0 10 45 1 0 5 45 Stage 5 Grand Jury Person Crimes Property Crimes Workload Percent Capacity Workload Percent Capacity 1 5 100 1300 1 5 100 1800 6 0 50 1350 4 0 25 1900 8 0 100 3500 2 0 100 1800 Stage 6 Arraignment Person Crimes Property Crimes Workload Percent Capacity Workload Percent Capacity 33 100 165 33 100 290 75 100 370 715 100 710 50 70 150 50 70 305 33 100 165 33 100 290 67 100 330 67 100 600 28 00 5 575 28 00 5 1100 Page 5 27 CJSSIM User Manual As an example Stage 1 Offenses involves only patrol officers who respond to offenses We have estimated that each person crime requires about 2 hours at this stage and that officer responds to 100 percent of the offenses We have also allotted a total of 1 800 officer hours for this activity By providing this estimated capacity we can later determine whether there are sufficient officers to handle person crimes at this stage In a similar manner Figure 5 22 shows that each property crime requires 1 hour by patrol officers and that officers respond to 100 percent of the property crimes For illustration purposes we have also allotted 1 800 hours for patrol officers to handle property crimes at this stage In the remainder of this section we will enter the data from Figure 5 22 We will establish the resources for
76. orkload should also take into consideration the number of the same type of resources that are performing that function i e how many police officers prosecutors etc are available You can test your data for limits For example a typical limit is that a person is normally paid for 2080 hours of work although with sick and vacation leave this usually translates into 1700 hours of actual work without overtime compensation Actually the amount may even be less if you consider the other number of duties that a resource is involved in that takes it away from performing in the stages in your model Police officers are generally required to attend 40 hours of training prosecutors may devote 20 of their time to preparation for trials etc All of the activities and responsibilities of a job need to be considered when you develop the work required for each of the stages of your system Thus in defining the workload for a particular resource it is important to not exceed the typical compensated workweek Although you can handle the overtime issue in the category of other costs in the definition of each resource Another way of looking at the workload issue is that there are certain capacities of a particular resource A judge may only be able to handle x number of cases in a day week or year which also places a similar limit on the number of cases handled by prosecutors and defense counsel public defenders In collecting the data
77. oth tracks The Track Analysis Summary report will now be printed The Track Analysis Report shows the number of cases completing each track along with average costs and average processing times For example there are approximately 24 4 Person Crimes cases completing the Fast Track with an average cost of 1 204 and an average processing time of 54 days The average costs are calculated from the costs at each stage in the track which in turn depend on the amount of resource time and resource unit costs The processing time is based on the lag time distributions entered into the system By comparison the system estimates about 3 7 Person Crimes cases completing the Slow Track with an average cost of 4 134 and average processing time of 145 days As might be expected these averages costs are greater than the Fast Track costs because of the different stages in the track Other comparisons can also be made with this report It shows for example that property crimes have lower costs and processing times than the other two types of crimes while person crimes have the largest averages Page 4 16 5 Building Your Own CJSSIM Model Note If your criminal Justice system has a computerized management information system MIS contact the Institute for Law and Justice for instructions on how to obtain data from the MIS for CJSSIM Tip Make sure you are in Enhanced or Real mode of Windows CJSSIM User Manual In this chapter we wil
78. ox An X will appear in that box and in the Flow Changes box directly beneath it Double click the file named CJSVER FDF The system will automatically enter that filename and CJSVER FCF beside the checked boxes The screen will look like Figure 3 5 below The CJSVER FDF file contains Baseline information about stages and the flow of cases through the stages The CJSVER FCF file contains similar data for Proposed information Page 3 5 Note Ifthe stages appear lower on your screen than shown here drag the rectangle in the slide bar on the right downward This moves the window down to the stages CJSSIM User Manual Flow Definition UNNAMED FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Load Flow Data ET Flow Definition d cjs cjsver fdf EX Flow Changes d cjs cjsver fcf Figure 3 5 All model files selected for loading 7 Click the OK button The system will display a series of progress messages in the middle of the screen as it loads the files and then the display of connected stages will appear such as Figure 3 6 Flow Definition CACJS CJSVER FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Figure 3 6 The Flow Definition screen with sample model loaded Page 3 6 cx Resources d cjs cjsver_rdf x Resource Changes d cjs cjsver rcf Sizing the Flow Diagram The display in Figure 3 6 shows only part of the flowchart for the sample model To see all the stages in the model you may scroll the dis
79. pear as shown in Figure 5 19 Notice that there are two branches Preliminary Hearing and Grand Jury and that the two are less than the baseline flow Here CJSSIM has continued its convention of showing all cases going on to both of the stages Since CJSSIM will not allow us to show more cases branching out than coming in we must proceed more carefully Remember The total number under the branches must be less than the baseline for the group baseline flow We will do this by first setting one of the branches to 0 Then we can put both branches at the numbers shown in Figure 5 13 Again if you have varied from these procedures the two branch values may be at 0 00 Ifthis is the case you may skip the process of setting the values to O and directly input the correct values CISSIM User Manual Page52 Page 5 22 CJSSIM User Manual Case Flow for Stage 3 First Appearance Stage Count Branch Baseline Proposed Prelim Hearing Grand Jury Ratio Save LagDef Follow Belle ea Figure 5 19 Baseline caseflow data from Stage 3 to Stages 4 and 5 10 Click the Grand Jury branch Depress the Tab key to move to the Count input box under Baseline Enter 0 zero and the Enter key Click Save Click the Prelim Hearing Branch and tab over to the Count input box under Baseline Enter 400 from Figure 5 13 and click the Save button Click the Grand Jury branch again Notice that the branch flow in the Branch
80. percentages The 12 5 percentile is somewhere between 1 and 2 hours since 5 percent of the cases took less than 1 hour and 18 percent took less than 2 hours We use interpolation to solve for the 12 5 percentile Page 7 6 CJSSIM User Manual Solving for X gives 1 39 hours In a similar manner we can determine the following estimates for the remaining percentiles Percentile Hours 25 0 2 14 37 5 3 30 50 0 5 00 62 5 6 25 75 0 7 06 87 5 8 33 100 0 10 00 Entering Lag Time Information To enter lag time distributions into your CJSSIM system perform the following steps 1 Double click a stage e g Arrests 2 Press Alt B or press once on Branches 3 The first crime type e g Person Crimes in the CJSVER system will be highlighted 4 Click the stage in the Stage list box e g First Appearance 5 Press Alt L or click on the LagDef button on the right You will now see the dialog box for Lag Definitions The top of the box will indicate the two stages for which we are describing the lag time distribution 6 To select a distribution press Alt L or click the Lag Type button several times The choices you have are Normal Weibull includes Exponential Discrete and Default If you select the Default distribution the values should already be described with the Global Lag Type menu 7 After you have selected one of the distributions press the TAB key to start entering your information Page 7 7 CJSSIM User Man
81. play or open the Size dialog box and adjust the size of the stage display Here are the steps for adjusting the size of the stage display 1 Click the Size option The following dialog box will appear Flow Definition C CJS CJSVER FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Actual Size ar SS nes 3 7 The Stage Display Size A box 2 Change the size setting from 90 to 40 You may need to experiment with the size to fit your monitor Try 40 first There are two ways to do this a With the size box highlighted type 40 or b Use the mouse to drag the rectangle in the slide scale to the far left until the figure 40 appears in the size box CJSSIM User Manual Page 3 7 Flow Definition C ACJS CJSVER FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Figure 3 8 Stage display size set for 40 Tips Fe a 3 Either press ENTER or click the OK button The Size dialog F box will disappear and you will be returned to the Flow Definition e At 80 or less you will screen not be able to see the names per stage File Global Tracks Size Reports Figure 3 9 Stage display re sized to 40 Moving the Stage Display Horizontally CJSSIM User Manual Page 3 8 If you change the size to 90 the stage flowchart extends beyond the screen Remember you can scroll the display to see the hidden stages To scroll the display to the right drag the rectangle in the scroll bar at the botto
82. ppy disk drive a hard disk with Windows 3 installed and 400K available for CJSSIM software Monitor Color or monochrome with graphics capability CGA EGA VGA or Hercules compatible A monochrome monitor will not be able to distinguish selected tracks in the system flowchart display Software Windows 3 0 Mouse Any mouse or pointing device compatible with Windows and your hardware configuration A pointing device is required Operating System DOS 3 1 or later Printer Any dot matrix or laser printer compatible with Windows and properly connected to your computer Installation Installing CJSSIM is simply a matter of creating a subdirectory on your hard disk and copying the files from the CJSSIM diskette into it Here are the steps Page 2 1 CJSSIM User Manual 1 Make a backup copy of the CJSSIM diskette and work from the copy rather than the original To do this insert the CJSSIM diskette in drive A a formatted diskette in drive B and at the DOS prompt type COPY A B Press ENTER If you are using only one floppy drive use the DISKCOPY command and type DISKCOPY A A Press ENTER You will be prompted for the source diskette CJSSIM and then the target diskette a blank formatted floppy When the copying is finished remove the original CJSSIM diskette and store it in a safe place Check to be sure that Microsoft Windows is installed on your hard disk If Windows is not installed install
83. ptions are The worksheets in Section 8 should help you begin to think about workload resources and their relationship These will be helpful in beginning the process of collecting the data for your model CISSIM User Manual Page 7 0 Page 7 10 9 Import Export Procedures for CJSSIM CJSSIM User Manual A separate system is available to import data from a management information system into the CJSSIM program or to export CJSSIM data for use in your management information or database system The import and export functions are handled through a procedure separate from CJSSIM Installing the Import Export Function The import export directory is installed in the same fashion as the CJSSIM program Here are the basic steps 1 Make a backup copy of the Import Export functions and work from the copy instead of the original To do this use the DOS command to copy the diskette as described in Chapter 2 Installing CJSSIM 2 Under the subdirectory CJS where the CJSSIM model is already housed copy the import export files You can do this COPY A C CJS Press ENTER 3 Similar to setting up an icon for CJSSIM you will need to use the windows setup procedure to create an icon for the Import Export Double click the Main group Double click the Windows Setup Click Options Select Setup Applications and select all drives Click the OK button Move the mouse arrow to the Import Export files and click the button
84. reen click Exit to return to the Flow Definition screen a b Double click Stage 6 Arraignment Click Branches You will now see information about the flow of cases for each crime type to the Motion Hearings and Plea stages Click Property Crimes so that the bottom part of the window shows the flow of Property Crimes to the two stages Click Motion Hearings Press Alt C followed by TAB or click the Count Proposed box Change the Count Proposed box to 500 This is the anticipated change to Motion Hearings we expect Click Plea Press Alt C followed by TAB or click the Count Proposed box Page 4 11 CJSSIM User Manual h Change the Count Proposed box to 350 This represents the expected change in the system for pleas Flow Definition CACJSICJSVER FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Case Flow for Stage 6 rraignment Group Baseline Proposed Group Property Crin Person Crimes 410 00 430 50 Property Crimes 79000 853 20 Stage Plea Drug Crimes 260 00 299 00 Flow Informai Baseline I Branch Baseline Proposed Motion Hearings 590 00 637 20 irst Plea 200 00 216 00 ppear Fame Figure 4 5 Change in flow information Follow i Click Save j Click Exit k Click Save for this Stage in File The figures just entered are estimates of the changes in this hypothetical scenario They must be derived from other analysis since the system cannot automatically determin
85. represents the stages and branches of the criminal justice system in a flowchart display that you can modify to fit your system As shown in Figure 1 1 the flow chart makes it easy to identify decision points or branches Page 1 2 Global Tracks Size Figure 1 1 Flow Definition screen of the CJSSIM Generic Model You will notice several special terms used in CJSSIM Case The case is the basic unit of CJSSIM All of the cases in the system at any time make up the caseflow of the system Stage A stage is a point in a criminal justice system where an official decision is made or action is taken Examples are arrest arraignment or indictment by a grand jury Branch A branch occurs when a case moves from a single stage to a subsequent stage such as when a case proceeds to a bench trial or a jury trial Group A group is a category earmarked for analysis You may define your own groups to fit your analytic purposes For example for some purposes you might classify crimes into groups of misdemeanors and felonies or groups of person crimes property crimes and drug crimes Resource A resource is anything required to make the criminal justice system work Resources include personnel such as bailiffs clerks prosecutors jurors and judges Resources may also include non personnel items such as jail or prison CJSSIM User Manual Page 1 3 Lag Time Lag time refers to elapsed time between stages You may define a default
86. resolved the problem of negative slack in spite of the increase in cases However resources for PSI reports went from an excess to a small negative since we did not increase those resources Question 2 What If the Costs of Resources Increase Suppose an increase in pay and benefits is given to patrol officers For example suppose their pay is increased from 12 00 per hour to 13 80 per hour and fringe benefits costs are increased from 7 20 per hour to 8 50 per hour To reflect these changes in the system we can change the Proposed information under the Global Resource menu 1 Change Global Resource information for Patrol Officers a Click Global b Click Resources c Click Proposed You will see Proposed Global Resource Information at the top of the window d Click Patrol Officer The screen should show a base salary of 12 00 and fringe benefits of 7 20 We want to change these figures to reflect the increases e Press Alt B to move to the base salary box and type 13 80 the new salary f Press TAB or Alt F to move to the fringe benefits box Type 8 50 as the new fringe benefits Page 4 7 CJSSIM User Manual Flow Definition CACJS CJSVER FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Proposed Global Resource Information Label Patrol Officer N Defined Re ro Capacities Patrol Office Cost Information Current 9324 58 Base Maximum 9500 00 Fringe Computed 7635 00
87. s for this system We budget office to find out the nave listed ten resources along with information on their costs For typical overhead costs and Step Two Define the Resource Set operating expenses ie example the figure shows that 12 00 is the average base salary for phones cars paper etc patrol officers Fringe benefit costs amount to 7 20 for patrol officers that are used for each and other costs are 17 50 These other costs generally include Rertonnel supervision and other support costs for patrol officers The total cost for a patrol officer is 36 70 CJSSIM User Manual Page 5 5 Note Cost information is not required to operate CJSSIM It should be included only if the information is readily available You may enter base salary costs without entering fringe benefit and other costs For details on how to calculate these costs see What Price Justice A Handbook for the Analysis of Criminal Justice Costs by Billy L Wayson and Gail S Funke August 1989 National Criminal Justice Reference Service NCJ 106777 CJSSIM User Manual Some costs may be expressed as percentages rather than dollars For example prosecutors have fringe benefits amounting to 35 percent of base salaries and other costs amounting to 15 percent of base salaries In the prosecutor example the dollar costs for fringe benefits are 5 08 35 percent of 14 50 base salary and the other costs are 2 18 15 percent of 14 50 CJSSIM accepts
88. se button For example if you were re creating the CJSSIM generic model the first six stages would look like this Flow Definition UNNAMED FDF Reports File Global Tracks Size 5 Grand Jury Figure 5 10 The first six stages dragged into position Page 5 12 C Connect the stages Note This is the only operation in CJSSIM in 1 From the Flow Definition screen double click the right which you willusetheright mouse button on the first stage If you have a color mouse button a monitor this stage will appear in a different color 2 Move the mouse pointer to the second stage and double click the right mouse button again A line and arrow will appear connecting the first stage to the second stage Flow Definition UNNAMED FDF Reports File Global Tracks Size 5 Grand Jury Figure 5 11 Connection defined between the first and second stages CJSSIM User Manual Page 5 13 Note To make the arrows between stages point in the right direction be sure to create the stages in order from left to right Tip To Delete a line connecting stages double click the Stage followed by a click on Branches Under the Branch section select the Branch you wish to delete it will show all the connected branches Click the Delete button to remove the Branch Save and Exit File Global Tracks Size Reports Figure 5 12 The first six stages with connections defined Delete A Sta
89. ses under the Flow column are not important except for the number in the last stage of the track which reflects the number of cases completing the track Page 6 4 Impact Reports There are three reports under this option All three compare Baseline and Proposed information These reports are shown in Figures 6 10 through 6 12 Caseload Thru Change in Flow This report Figure 6 10 shows the case flow through each stage for a selected crime type The difference between the flows flow out minus flow in is also displayed One part of the report is from Baseline information and the other is from Proposed information Resources Thru Change in Usage This report Figure 6 11 compares Baseline and Proposed Usage of resources The usual application of this report occurs when you make changes in the Proposed information to resource usage in one or more stages The report then summarizes the results of this change in terms of total usage and total costs Differences in usage and costs are also shown Stages Thru Change in Usage This report Figure 6 12 shows the changes in flows and costs by stage between Baseline and Proposed Usage As with the prior report the use of this report occurs when you make changes to resource usage at selected stages The report then shows the impact of these changes on the usage and costs for stages Data Inputs The following table lists the reports available in CJSSIM and the respective optional O an
90. source Usage report for these four stages The reports will be from the Baseline information so that we can see the impact of the crime increases and the revised flows 1 Print Detail Stage Resource Usage Report for Baseline information a Click General under the Reports screen b Click Report Baseline Information c Click General again d Click Detail Stage Resource Usage You will now get a box showing the stages in the system e Move down the box and click Motion Hearings followed by a click Select To select other stages click Plea Bench Trial Jury Trial f Click OK g The reports will now be printed You will end up with four reports showing details on flow and costs for Pleas Bench Trials and Jury Trials The key information on Property Crimes from these reports is the following CJSSIM User Manual Page 4 10 CJSSIM User Manual PROPERTY CRIME COSTS BASELINE Total Stage Number Costs 7 Motion Hearings 590 103 508 8 Pleas 685 94 375 9 Bench Trials 40 13 706 10 Jury Trials 15 18 809 Total Pleas and Trials 740 126 890 We have a total of 740 cases adjudicated by pleas and trials for these three stages handled at a total cost of 126 890 or 171 each Now suppose that we increase the number of Property Crime cases from Stage 6 Arraignment to Stage 8 Pleas by the following procedure 2 Change flow from Arraignment to Pleas for Property Crimes If you are not already in the Flow Definition sc
91. stage Click the Yes button 8 If you have followed the instructions exactly you will notice that CJSSIM has now already assumed that the total number of cases coming into stage 2 will go on to stage 3 If you have varied from the instructions the number of cases may be at 0 00 If this is the case simply input the numbers as you did in the first stage Click Person Crimes and the branch section below shows that 500 cases are going to First Appearance Figure 5 18 Click Property Crimes and the branch sections shows that 1000 cases are going on to First Appearance Since these figures are correct see Figure 5 13 and Figure 5 14 we will go on to the next stage Page 5 21 Tip LagDef can be used to define average time periods between stages It is useful to put the information in here if you have it Tip CJSSIM will alert you to when you have exceeded 100 of the cases But it will not tell you when you have not used all of the cases You must keep count of this Case Flow for Stage 2 Arrest Group Baseline Proposed Group Pers Person Crime i i Stage Property Crime 1000 00 aa Flow Ba Count o Ratio o Save Branch Baseline Proposed First Appearance LagDef Figure 5 18 Baseline caseflow data from Stage 2 to Stage 3 nal Click the Next button CJSSIM will ask if you want to save the current stage Click the Yes button 9 Click Person Crimes in Stage 3 The screen will ap
92. t to produce a report for only one stage Click All to produce a report for all stages Enter the Resource Units at Each Stage We are now ready to enter the amount of time that resources devote to each stage and crime type Figure 5 22 is a summary of the information we will enter Page 5 25 Resources Patrol Officer Resources Patrol Officer Detective Jailer Jail CJSSIM User Manual Figure 5 22 Global Information Resource Workload Stage 1 Offenses Person Crimes Property Crimes Workload Percent Capacity Workload Percent Capacity 2 0 100 1800 1 0 100 1800 Stage 2 Arrests Person Crimes Property Crimes Workload Percent Capacity Workload Percent Capacity 3 5 70 1350 3 5 80 3100 9 5 40 1900 8 0 35 2800 2 0 100 1500 2 0 100 2200 1 0 90 450 1 0 90 900 Page 5 26 Resources Magistrate Prosecutor Bailiff Sheriff Jail Resources Magistrate Prosecutor Public Defender Bailiff Sheriff Patrol Officer Detective Resources Prosecutor Detective Juror Resources Sup Ct Judge Prosecutor Public Defender Bailiff Sheriff Jail CJSSIM User Manual Figure 5 22 Continued Stage 3 First Appearance Person Crimes Property Crimes Workload Percent Capacity Workload Percent Capacity 5 100 300 gt 100 600 45 100 400 75 100 875 5 100 300 5 100 600 1 0 100 550 1 0 100 1200 1 0 20 100 1 0 10 0 100 Stage 4 Preliminary Hearing Person Crimes Property Crimes Workload Percent Capacity Workload Perce
93. that a given resource can handle Refer to Chapter 7 for a discussion of the capacity issues Page 8 3 Figure 8 1 Global Group Information Type Crime Categories Initial Flow 10 11 12 CJSSIM User Manual Page 8 4 Figure 8 2 Global Resources Information Resource Base Fringe Name Salary Benefits Other Unit Maximum 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 CJSSIM User Manual Page 8 5 20 CJSSIM User Manual Page 8 6 Figure 8 3 may be found in ex8 3 doc Figure 8 4 may be found in ex8 4 doc CJSSIM User Manual Page 8 7 Table of Contents L TYPE OCCU ONE u een uk 1 1 OV EL VIC W ananas is Ne nt AN E E ashes eae a 1 1 Steps Using GISSIM ne tu nur else nn ye 1 1 A Word About GISSIM Terms u rk 1 2 CIS SIM Einitati onsi Ss 1 4 Usine This Manual nt ne een 1 5 Notational Conventions u a inner 1 5 2 Installing EISSIM asus 2 1 Equipment and Software Needed un se 2 1 Installation ea 2 1 3 Running EISSIM 22 2 2 3 1 E ading CJSSM een minimal 3 1 Loading the Sample Database ann an ee 3 2 Sizing the Flow Dia gratin ne seen 3 5 Moving the Stage Display Horizontally 20002200 sense 3 6 Getting Information about Particular Stages 3 7 NAG WIS AS ade tennis en 3 7 Viewing Additional Stages 3 8 Mastering the Men s use eh Dune no
94. the OK button and a blank screen will appear The Flow Definition screen will appear This is the main screen from which you perform CJSSIM operations Flow Definition UNNAMED FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Figure 3 2 The Flow Definition screen Loading the Sample Database To see how CJSSIM works you will first need to load some data from the sample database that comes with CJSSIM Follow these steps Page 3 2 1 Open the File menu move the mouse pointer to the word File at the top of the screen and click it 2 Click the Load option The following dialog box will appear Flow Definition UNNAMED FDF File Global Tracks Size Reports Load Flow Data O Resource Changes tret DD C Flow Definition O Flow Changes fcf Figure 3 3 The Load Flow Data dialog box CJSSIM uses four files to operate Resources Resource Changes Flow Definition and Flow Changes CJSSIM User Manual Page 3 3 Note CJSSIM needs four files for each model a Resource Definition file a file for Resource Changes a Flow Definition file and a file for Flow Changes CJSSIM User Manual e The Resources file contains resource names patrol officer 3 4 prosecutor chief judge etc along with base salary fringe benefit overhead and other resource data The Flow Definition file contains information about the stages in the system and the flow of cases through the system for each
95. toCompute is switched off CJSSIM allows you to enter data without finished entering data recomputing TextMode The TextMode option shifts the display from a graphic flowchart display to a text description of each stage and the resources assigned to it VTextMode means TextMode is on Click this option a check mark will appear beside the option Click this option again and the graphic display will return to the screen CJSSIM User Manual Page 3 18 CJSSIM User Manual File Global Tracks Size Reports Stage 1 Offenses x 47 y 213 1 66 Recycle Info recycling 6 666 retries 6 6 Delay in stage days 6 6 Delay in stage days 8 8 Branches 6 incoming 1 outgoing No key resource defined HGroup 1 Person Crimes 788 0 735 8 Resource information for Person Crimes Patrol Officer 2 66 HOUR 166 66 1866 66 f 2 88 HOUR 166 66 1866 66 Outgoing branch information for Person Crimes Arrests 566 6 8 7143 Normal 7 66 4 66 525 8 8 7143 Normal 7 66 4 66 Group 2 Property Crimes 1488 8 1512 8 Resource information for Property Crimes Figure 3 22 An example ofthe TextMode display To view additional screens of text within a stage press the PGDN key To return to a previous screen within the stage press the PGUP key Press F10 to move to a subsequent stage in TextMode Then use PGUP and PGDN to move within the stage To move to a prior stage in TextMode press F9 Trac
96. ual a Ifyou selected the Normal distribution you can enter the Mean and Standard Deviation of the distribution The system does not currently use the standard deviation and is included here for informational purposes only b If you selected the Weibull distribution you can enter the shape and scale parameters CJSSIM will calculate the mean from these parameters For the exponential distribution enter 1 0 for the shape parameter and the average elapsed time for the scale parameter c For the discrete distribution enter the eight percentiles in the boxes under Discrete Each value should be equal to or larger than the previous value since we using cumulative data You will get an error message if a value is lower than the previous value Workload Units CJSSIM was designed to be flexible and easy to mode into your system The system allows you to define everything consistent with the way you are organized To determine the costs of any case flow it is essential to know how much effort is put into a particular event for each resource That is after you define the stages of your model system you are then in a position to ask two basic questions e What resources people or facilities are involved in each stage e How much effort is required of each resource for that stage The types of resources are generally easy to identify For example preliminary inquiries tend to involve police officers judges or magistrates prosecutors
97. uble click on Windows Setup The Windows Setup dialog box will appear on the screen Click on Options Select Setup Applications Setup will give you a choice of All Drives or allow you to select only one drive You may select all or only the one on which CJSSIM resides Click the OK button A number of applications will show up in a box on the left side of the new dialog box Move the mouse arrow to Flow Simulator and click the button At the bottom left the name C CJS CJSSIM EXE will appear Page 2 3 CJSSIM User Manual 1 Click on the ADD button The file name will be shifted to the right hand list Click on the OK button Windows will then create the Windows Applications Group and the icon to run the CJSSIM model Click on the Options in the Windows Setup dialog box and click on Exit Click the down arrow of the MAIN window Double click on the Windows Applications icon You will then see the Flow Simulator icon scales of justice 9 To test start CJSSIM double click on the CJSSIM icon Figure 2 1 will appear Click the OK button You may then exit by clicking the file menu and choosing Exit Flow Definition UNNAMED FDF File Global Tracks 3 The Interactive Criminal Justice System Simulation Model Version 1 01 Created for The Institute for Law and Justice 1018 Duke Street Alexandria VA 22314 Phone 703 684 5300 Fax 703 739 5533 by Chesapeake Computing Inc La
98. urce capacity minus actual use and the percent of available time This information is provided for both Baseline and Proposed Stage Usage of Resources The Stage Usage of Resources Report Figure 6 5 provides the number of cases handled by each resource at a stage Prior to running this report you should select either Baseline or Proposed under the General menu You may select a particular stage in the system or all stages and then select one or more resources A separate report for each resource will be printed Detail Stage Resource Usage The Detail Stage Resource Usage Report Figure 6 6 gives a report for each stage showing detailed information for each resource including resource usage costs percent of cases capacity total usage and total costs Prior to running this report you should select either Baseline or Proposed under the General menu Overuse of Resources The Overuse of Resources Report Figure 6 7 is an exception report showing which resources exceed their capacities by stage and crime type You first select Baseline or Proposed under the General menu Page 6 3 Note Information on processing time can be found on pages 7 4 7 7 CJSSIM User Manual This option also prompts the user to select either multiple stages or all the stages for the report Track Analysis Summary The Track Analysis Summary Report Figure 6 8 provides information for each track defined in the system including the number o
99. uts you in the help screen The Display section on the upper right tells you the size and location of the box on the screen The upper left corner of the box has an X Y origin of 365 213 and the length of the box is 60 You can use the origin figures to align the stage boxes See Chapter 5 for more information In addition you can assure that several boxes are the same size You can change the length but the width is preset The Recycle Info tells you if this stage is repeated for cases For example in court several motions may be heard for many cases but the model has only one stage for motions Chapter 7 gives more information about recycle The percentage of cases repeating the Page 3 10 Learning Tip Try clicking on various crime types to get acquainted with the data in each stage To compare resources among stages click a crime group then click the Next or Prior button to move to another stage CJSSIM User Manual average number of repeats and average time delay between repeats can be entered and used to analyzse resources This information is included in the processing time calculations on reports To view information about the workload associated with this stage click the Resources button Figure 3 12 shows the Workload dialog box Defined Groups Stage First Appearance Person Crimes Group Person Crimes Property Crimes Resources Magistrate Prosecutor Bailiff Baseline Pra EEE Workload

Criminal Justice Simulation Model -- Manual

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