A Low-Cost Intelligent Thermostat Incorporating a Learning
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1. prototype are provided in Fig 3 Conclusions A low cost web connected and smartphone accessible Intelligent Thermostat capable of creating operating schedule based on learning algorithm was designed and implemented on a PIC32development board The novel features of this capstone project on the Intelligent Thermostat represent a substantial evolution of thermostat technology Currently no commercial thermostat is available that provides automatic scheduling capability and that serves a web connection features from the device itself The only announced commercial thermostat with automatic scheduling capability is slated to cost substantially more than the Intelligent Thermostat The fully automated energy savings capabilities of the Intelligent Thermostat will save the average homeowner thousands of dollars over the life of the hardware and with widespread deployment could eliminate the emission of millions of tons of CO2 annually Given the easily available energy savings with virtually no impact on a homeowner s quality of life we believe that the learning algorithm based automatic scheduling thermostats represent the future standard in programmable thermostat technology Proceedings of the 2014 ASEE North Central Section Conference Copyright 2014 American Society Engineering Education ii Intelligent Thermostat Why annn z v CA danhuizenga dyndns org Options Settings for Inteligent Mode Set Device Time ettings for intel2. yet capable of modifying the thermostat s more advanced settings Detailed information about these functions is available in 17 Hardware Implementation and Results During hardware selection a survey was performed of the available microcontroller architectures supporting software toolsets and available development boards The PIC32MX7 architecture stood out in particular because it offered microcontrollers that provided sufficient resources to implement the desired feature set an integrated MAC low cost and a commercial quality IDE with a generous trial period After selection of a platform a survey was conducted of available development boards and the MicroElektronica MultiMeda Board MMB for PIC32MX7 was selected This board offered the following features needed to implement the Intelligent Thermostat demonstration PIC32MX795F512L based design QVGA touchscreen Ethernet phy RJ45 port LEDs for simulation of HVAC outputs Switch for simulation of occupancy input Integrated temperature sensor In Circuit debugging and programming capability Additional peripherals for potential capabilities growth SD card support audio codec onboard EEPROM and flash etc Details on the development board components and implementation are available in 17 Proposed intelligent thermostat with all desired features was successfully demonstrated on the development board and some of the pictures taken from the demonstrated
3. A Low Cost Intelligent Thermostat Incorporating a Learning Algorithm Based Scheduler and Internet Accessible Control Interfaces M M A Rahman D Huizenga E Chiaburu School of Engineering Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids MI Gentex Corporation Zeeland MI Email rahmana gvsu edu Abstract This paper presents an internet connected programmable thermostat that automatically generates an energy efficient heating and cooling schedule through the collection and analysis of occupancy data The implementation provides an easy to use color touch screen an on device browser accessible web interface and an Android smartphone interface In this capstone project work the proposed system was developed and the proposed features were validated using a commercial PIC32 development board The novel features of the Intelligent Thermostat represent a substantial evolution of thermostat technology Currently no commercial thermostat is available that provides automatic scheduling capability and no commercial thermostat is available that serves a web connection feature from the device itself The only announced commercial thermostat with automatic scheduling capability is slated to cost substantially more than the Intelligent Thermostat The fully automated energy savings capabilities of the Intelligent Thermostat will save the average homeowner thousands of dollars over the life of the hardware and with widespread deployment could eliminate th
4. ble thermostats and limited utilization of programmability even in those cases where a programmable thermostat is installed In fact a study conducted in Connecticut found that only 36 of the homes within the test group who had been provided with programmable thermostats free of charge were using the automatic temperature setback capability of the thermostat 1 The Intelligent Thermostat solves each of these problems with unique features that were not Proceedings of the 2014 ASEE North Central Section Conference Copyright 2014 American Society Engineering Education found in any announced or available commercial thermostat when this project was started 1 The Intelligent Thermostat completely automates schedule generation and as a result automates energy savings 2 The Intelligent Thermostat hosts the web server for the Internet interface on the device eliminating dependency on the continued availability of third party servers 3 The materials cost for a custom hardware implementation of the Intelligent Thermostat would be approximately 110 per unit without considering volume discounts 4 In addition the Intelligent Thermostat is designed to achieve parity with the standard scheduling and temperature control features provided by more expensive units 5 Using the EPA estimates the cost breakeven point for the Intelligent Thermostat occurs after less than 10 months of use 6 Since the Intelligent Thermostat is able to automatical
5. e emission of millions of tons of CO2 annually Given the easily available energy savings with virtually no impact on a homeowner s quality of life it is believed that automatic scheduling thermostats represent the future standard in programmable thermostat technology Introduction According to US EPA research the average household in the United States spends about 2200 per year on energy 2 Of this approximately 50 is spent on heating and cooling The US DOE calculates that a savings of 1 can be achieved for each degree that a programmable thermostat is set back during a period of at least eight hours In total a heating and cooling schedule that meets US EPA guidelines will save the average US household about 180 per year 3 Prior to the implementation of this project numerous Internet connected programmable thermostats were surveyed Even the most advanced thermostats had shortcomings 1 they required the user to complete a tedious programming process to take advantage of energy saving heating and cooling scheduling capabilities 2 internet connectivity was achieved through connection to the manufacturer s server network limiting future utility of web connection features to the window during which the manufacture continued to maintain the server network 3 thermostats with modern color touch screen user interfaces and web connectivity retailed for in excess of 300 These limitations have resulted in limited adoption of programma
6. e schedules Automatic scheduling Multistage system support Temperature amp Activity Logs Internet connected Browser interface Hosted on device Smartphone app Proceedings of the 2014 ASEE North Central Section Conference Copyright 2014 American Society Engineering Education Block Diagram of Intelligent Thermostat This advanced thermostat has four implementation areas firmware web interface android app and hardware A block diagram depicting the functional interfaces among these implementation areas 1s presented in Fig 1 LAN I Net Figure 1 Intelligent Thermostat block diagram Thermostat Firmware The thermostat firmware provides many core features to the Intelligent Thermostat It is responsible for controlling the HVAC system maintaining the data stores that back the automatic schedule generation algorithm automatically generating the intelligent HVAC schedule executing HVAC schedules serving the Web interface executing the local touch screen User Interface and executing an HTTP based Remote Procedure Call application supporting multiple simultaneous clients Detailed information on the firmware s feature set and the underlying implementation is available in 17 and beyond the presentation scope of this paper Occupancy Sensor Network and Schedule Generation The HVAC Intelligence Module is responsible for system mode transitions collecting and logging occupancy sensor network data and automatic sch
7. edule generation based on occupancy logs The Intelligence Module supports a total of 8 system modes which automatically reconfigure the thermostat s internal state to achieve a desired behavior The available system modes are detailed in the Table 2 The Intelligence Module s automatic schedule generation functionality has four primary stages data combination based on analysis group numbers occupancy probability generation probability threshold application and schedule windowing application A flowchart describing the automatic schedule generation algorithm is presented in Figure 2 Proceedings of the 2014 ASEE North Central Section Conference Copyright 2014 American Society Engineering Education Table 2 HVAC System Modes Mode Description Off The system is inactive and will not heat or cool Cool Only The system is active but only the cool setpoint will be respected Heat Only The system is active but only the heat setpoint will be respected Cool Heat The system is active and will automatically change over between heat and cool to maintain both setpoints as necessary Scheduled The system is active and will update the temperature setpoints fan mode and HVAC mode according to the schedule Intelligent The system is active and will execute the currently active schedule while collecting occupancy data and updating the intelligent schedule Temporary A manual setpoint has been programmed and will remain active until t
8. he Override next scheduled setpoint transition Timed Override A manual setpoint has been programmed and will remain active until the programmed timeout Wank 1 eee ee Sccupied fue cocuped cour 0 dew the inna Thais isy 0 time o patiod yp undalinad a AGM eee AGN dey Gaia coouped OF uapa eek weeiotay lime disid mode comfort Cet cegirned_cnesade esc AND Gurren penod meets minimum lengh AMD the MAY door block ll men the i mina are Tag Teale ney analen io Geared mode at day imi Bocuped count 1 protai iy occupied omni 100 anasi daah Eed hp i cemre mode probabiiy gt hreghiyki ae mile a comion Figure 2 Automatic schedule generation algorithm Proceedings of the 2014 ASEE North Central Section Conference Copyright 2014 American Society Engineering Education Web Interface and Android Application The web interface is served by the thermostat firmware in response to HTTP requests to its root directory The web interface provides set point and mode management graphical manual schedule creation and editing and thermostat configuration editing Android OS is 100 open platform and was used for remote access The goal of the Android application was to allow users easy access to all thermostat features from anywhere using their Android smartphone The application had to be easy to use
9. hermostat 9 2011 Dec pexsupply com Online http www pexsupply com Honeywell THM6000R1002 RedLINK Internet Gateway 10 2011 Dec Amazon com Online http www amazon com Ecobee EB STAT 02 Enabled Internet Thermostat dp B004150PJG ref sr_1_1 1e UTF8 amp qid 1323131122 amp sr 8 1 11 2011 Dec Nest Store Online http store nest com 12 2011 Dec The Home Depot Online http www homedepot com 13 2011 Dec Java Eclipse Android and Web Programming Tutorials Online http www vogella de android html 14 Rito Meier Professional Android 2 Application Development 2nd ed Milan Shah 46 Ed Indianapolis IN Wiley 2011 16 US EPA 2011 Encouraging Energy Efficiency in New and Existing Homes 17 2012 E chiaburu et al An Implementation of a Low Cost Intelligent Thermostat Incorporating a Learning Algorithmic Scheduler and Internet Accessible Control Interfaces Capstone project report Proceedings of the 2014 ASEE North Central Section Conference Copyright 2014 American Society Engineering Education
10. igent Mo 1 30 00 AM December 22 2011 Set Time Group Similar Days of Occupancy for Intelligent Mode Sunday Monday Saturday Tuesday Wednes Thursday Friday Comfort Setpoint Smallest Alowable Comfort Heat te Period Coal t http 192 168 2 2 hours and 30 minutes Economy Setpoint Minimum Predicted Vacancy Heat to Period for Econ Settings Cool to 8 D D D 2 hours and 0 minutes Figure 3 b Application welcome screen OS 1 6 2012 T1000 Set Temperature Thermostat OVERRIDE mode scheduler 15 CUI ently disabled Set Temperature Figure 3 c Direct control view Figure 3 d Set temperature dialog Proceedings of the 2014 ASEE North Central Section Conference Copyright 2014 American Society Engineering Education Enter Schedule Name enter schedule name X a ee c i Winter Schedule ance Summer Schedule intelligent Schedule gt t Tea Figure 3 e Add schedule dialog Transition Settings _ Sunday HVAC Mode Unchanged a Repeat v Start Tirne 00 00 HVAC Unchanged Fan Auto S 12 00 HVAC Cool Add Transition Figure 3 g Add transition dialog Selected Schedule Remove Schedule Copy Schedule Activate Schedule chedule Schedule ij sitions View Transitions nt Schedule Long Click Figure 3 f Schedule list context menu aw amp 3 26 Sunday Selected Transition Remove Transition Edit T
11. ly tailor its schedule to the user and provides remote override capability for unscheduled occupancy it is configured by default to use more aggressive setbacks than the EPA standards As a result the Intelligent Thermostat should exceed EPA energy savings further accelerating breakeven Market Survey Programmable Thermostats A market survey was conducted to determine the state of the art for energy saving thermostats When this project was started two thermostats stood out as providing more advanced features and capabilities than those offered by typical programmable thermostats the Honeywell Prestige HD 2 0 with optional RedLINK Internet gatway and the Ecobee EB STAT O2 In addition two other thermostats are presented here The Nest Learning Thermostat and the 3M Filtrete WiFi Programmable Thermostat The Nest which was announced during development of the Intelligent Thermostat provides a learning capability similar to that of the Intelligent Thermostat while the 3M Filtrete WiFi Programmable Thermostat was the lowest cost web connected thermostat found during the survey Table 1 compares these thermostats to the implemented Intelligent Thermostat Table 1 Commercial Thermostat Comparisons Intelligent Prestige HD Ecobee 5 Nest 6 Filtrete Thermostat 2 0 7 Feature RedLINK Price market 388 547 8 9 335 94 10 249 11 99 12 Self install supported Bitmapped touch screen 7 Day Programmability Max periods day Multipl
12. ransition Transtar Edit DA o HVAC Cool Fan Auto Long Click HVAC Mode Unchanged Figure 3 h Edit transition dialog NENI Ly Repeat Figure 3 1 Temperature and humidity graph Figure 30 HVAC and occupancy graph Proceedings of the 2014 ASEE North Central Section Conference Copyright 2014 American Society Engineering Education Bibliography 1 David Cross and David Judd Consortium for Energy Efficiency Online http www cee 1 org eval db_pdf_es 953es pdf 2 U S Environmental Protection Agency 2011 Dec Programmable Thermostats ENERGY START Online http www energystar gov index cfm fuseaction find_a_product showProductGroup amp pgw_code TH 3 U S Department of Energy 2011 Dec Energy Savers Thermostats and Control Systems Online http www energysavers gov your_home space_heating_cooling index cfm mytopic 12720 4 2011 Dec Prestige TH9321 Operating Manual Online http customer honeywell com techlit pdf PackedLit 69 2493EFS pdf 5 Ecobee 2011 Dec SMART THERMOSTAT User Manual Online http www ecobee com wp content themes ecobee etc file UMRS5 0415 1Oweb pdf 6 Nest 2011 Dec Nest Support Online http support nest com 7 3M 2011 Dec Operation Guide 3M 50 Online http www radiothermostat com filtrete guides 3 M 50 Operation 13may10 pdf 8 2011 Dec PexSupply com Online http www pexsupply com Honeywell THX9421R5013 Prestige IAQ 2 0 HD Comfort T
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