Home

SMPS

1. 10 100 Diameter nm Sample 37 1000 i Figure G 4 Aerosol Instrument Manager Data file of Outdoor Air without Diffusion Loss Correction Size Data Graph Outdoor E lol xl dN diogDp Hem e8 aaral 10 Diameter nm Sample 37 Figure G 5 Aerosol Instrument Manager Data file of Outdoor Air with Diffusion Loss Correction When Should I Use Diffusion Loss Correction Ultrafine Particles It is especially important to use Diffusion Loss Correction when sizing aerosols smaller than 100 nm since in this size regime diffusion becomes increasingly significant The correction is negligible for aerosols larger than 100 nm Low Flow Rates Sampling at low flow rates will also aggravate diffusion losses It is recommended to toggle the Diffusion Loss Correction and observe the magnitude of the correction whenever viewing data Free Upgrade G 6 TSI is offering Diffusion Loss Correction as a free upgrade to the Aerosol Instrument Manager software To receive your upgrade please contact TSI at particle tsi com with the instrument model numbers and serial numbers of your component SMPS system Note Diffusion Loss Correction is not currently available for the Model 3034 Single Box Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer Spectrometer Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer References Gormley P G and Kennedy M 1949 Diffusion from a s
2. Raw Counts Delimiter Tab Orientation Column Raw Data Figure 3 5 Number e o eS C C C Comma C Row The Export Parameters Box Getting Started Diameter Surface Volume LL Semicolon Cancel C C C Mass C 3 9 3 Select the type of data you want to export as well as the format you want to export the data in Data can be exported in a delimited text file and you can select from three delimiters tab comma or semicolon The orientation of data can be either column or row 4 Click OK 5 Select the drive directory you want to export the data to and enter a filename The system automatically adds the txt file extension 6 Click Save Figure 3 6 illustrates how an exported txt file is formatted for an SMPS spectrometer P Outdoor Alr txt Notepad Eile Eat Format View Help C Program Files TSI Aerosol Instrument Manager Outdoor Air S80 3080 3081 OMA Inner eps 0 00937 DMA Outer Radius cm 0 01961 9 OMA Characteristic Length cm 0 44369 CPC Model 3775 o Flow 6 Gas Viscosity kg m s 1 8203e 005 Mean Free Path m Channels Decade 64 l1t ple Charge Correction FALSE units dw dlogDp Weight Number ample 2 3 a 5 03 18 02 03 18 02 03 18 02 03 18 02 15 20 03 15 25 03 15 30 04 65e 15 35 04 23654 18058 25014 26236 29427 29433 36575 39471 41290 rhvw r eH B rouaiD o Own Figure 3 6 A Sample Export File fo
3. 4 15 4 16 4 17 4 18 4 19 4 20 4 21 4 22 4 23 4 24 4 25 4 26 4 27 E 1 G 1 G 2 G 3 G 4 G 5 H 1 H 2 H 3 A The Graph Color Dialog Box B The Table Color Dialog BOX terme op eR A A T A ET 4 33 The Font Dialog B OX snaipera eti aia enit bet 4 34 View Menu for an SMPS Spectrometer ccce 4 35 Units Selection Menu ssssseeseen enne 4 35 Electrical Mobility Diameter Data Displayed in 9o Concentration 4 37 Weight Menu eise te bete beca spit ied en 4 37 Size Data Weighted by Mass 4 39 Statistics Tables et ceo Te ret Dd be eaa 4 40 Select Settings to Display SMPS Settings for the Sample 4 41 Sample M ernu aet Dore ee irte ee etin tenen 4 43 Window Menu eec delere eti i dd der ie e re E Re 4 44 HelpiM enu erre tnter p met he TE e ee Itn te 4 45 Status Bar Displaying Particle Density ssssseeee 4 46 Status Bar Displaying Dashed Lines sssseene 4 46 File Question Dialog Box meme E 2 Circular Tube Penetration Efficiency Gormley and Kennedy 1949 1 d retento tener a eere ended Len Eo G 2 Schematic of the Component Scanning Mobility P article Sizer SpectrOIielbr uec tre tri e eee Ph at G 3 SMPS Properties Box Screen of Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for the SMPS Spectrometer G 5 Aerosol Instrument Manager Data file of Outdoor Air without Diffusion Loss Correction mmm G 6 Aerosol Instrument Manager Data file of
4. 4 9 4 10 4 11 4 12 4 13 The Aerosol Instrument Manager Desktop and Selected Displays ei eto ie ite Ee ce e rti ate ia tine it a 3 2 Playback Setup Dialog Box 3 5 Use the Mouse to Directly View Data Values sseeese 3 6 P TIREP TGVIQW s Lec eoe tete ee Pre estt e Du ee pede eeu dte 3 8 The Export Parameters BOX sssssseee eee 3 9 A Sample Export File for an SMPS Spectrometer 3 10 Two Pane Layout of an SMPS File 3 12 Selectan SMPS Filename When you Open a New File 4 2 CLASSIFIER Model 3080 Communications Port Selection Sidi p TE 4 3 Unable to Establish a Connection to the CPC Error Message 4 4 Hardware Settings Tab of the Properties Dialog 4 7 Scheduling Tab of the Properties Dialog for an SMPS Spectrometer i sida ertet ae RO RR anna Gon 4 11 Physical Properties Tab of the SMPS Properties Dialog 4 13 The Communications Tab of the Properties Dialog 4 17 File Menu for an SMPS Spectrometer esner 4 22 Run Menu for an SMPS Spectrometer sss 4 26 Playback Menu nti e bete ca bep Ponens 4 28 Format Menu for an SMPS File A When a Graph Window is Active B When a Samples List Window is Active 4 30 The YsAxIs Dialog BOX cotone tea P ete ertet et 4 30 View Boundaries Dialog BOX ssssseee Hee 4 31 Contents vii viii 4 14
5. Aerosol and sheath flow rate Size range Voltage range Up scan and retrace time Down scan first for 3071 Density td tf D50 of Impactor Scans per sample Time sample started Status flags from the instrument Instrument ID DOIDODDUDUCDUDODLDUC Title and comment text Project files are created by the program when you open a data file and work with it They have an extension to indicate the type of spectrometer that they are the project files for for example p80 for an SMPS spectrometer Project files keep track of cosmetic attributes like which windows are open on the desktop when you close the file and how that information is displayed If you transfer data files to someone you do not need to transfer the project files unless you want to If you delete a project file a new project file is created when you reopen the data file Project File Parameters A 2 The following parameters are saved for each window i e the Units for the Size Data table are stored for the Size Data table only the Units for the graph are stored only for the graph The graph type bar line or area The grid type none vertical horizontal or both vertical and horizontal Y axis scale parameters Units and weights selected List type for the Samples List window Oooo Position and size of the window Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer The following parameters apply to the enti
6. See Zoom In and Out on Data in a Graph in Chapter 3 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer View Menu The list of items in the View menu depends on which windows are open on the desktop and which one is active The View menu lets you select the sample windows to open on the desktop and select parameters to view in those windows A checkmark next to an item indicates the item has already been selected Look under the Windows menu to find the item and make it the active window EN Sample Window Help Units gt Weight gt Size Data gt Raw Data gt Statistics F3 Settings F4 v Sample Copy Ctrl C Toolbars gt Figure 4 16 View Menu for an SMPS Spectrometer Units The Units menu item appears when a size data graph table or statistics window is active on the desktop This menu item works in conjunction with the Weight menu item and lets you choose the units in which data will be displayed Unit selections include v dWidogDp Weight gt Concentration d W 9o Concentration maini i Cumulative Conc J Cumulative Conc Statistics F3 Raw Counts Figure 4 17 Units Selection Menu The currently selected unit is marked with a check mark This was set by selecting View Units dW dlogDp SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 35 4 36 Table 4 5 gives an explanation of each unit Table 4 5 Display Options for Units dW dlogDp This option displays differential or n
7. To export data from a single sample display the sample data in the active graph or table window on the desktop To export data from multiple samples select highlight the samples you want to export from the Samples List window 4 Select Filel Export to Database The data is exported to the database Note Be aware that exporting a group of samples to the database takes considerable time Do not exit the program or close the file while it is writing to the database SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 19 4 20 Database Tables The following information is collected in tables of the Microsoft Access database test num The test number This number links the data in the different tables For auto export it is incremented for each start data collection When manually exporting data each sample has a different test number instrument id Identifies the hardware the sample was collected from It is read from the instrument or as specified in the Properties dialog T 00 10 SMPS Settings DMA model DMA characteristic As specified in the Properties dialog length multiple charge As set in the Properties dialog correction CPC sample iow gTM Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMP Spectrometer was collected Returned from the instrument T 00 11 SMPS Data test mim dwdlogdp The differential or normalized particle size sample num Active Menus for an SMPS Spectrometer This section de
8. m s 1 93245e 005 Set to Defaults for Air Mean Free Path m B 73e 008 Sutherland Constant K 110 4 Temperature K 296 15 Xu ITEM 1013 Particle Density g cc 1 2000 Correction Flags and Values F7 Multiple Charge Correction Primary Particle Diameter nm 10 000 V Diffusion Correction Gas Density g cc 0 0012 V Nanoparticle Aggregate Mobility Analysis Orientation Parallel C Random Title Dutdoor ait near a manufacturing plant Instrument ID 3788 70000000 0 83 Comment Saturday minimal traffic Figure 4 6 Physical Properties Tab of the SMPS Properties Dialog Table 4 3 Descriptions of the SMPS Physical Properties Tab Fea Desrpim SSS Gas Viscosity Enter the gas viscosity of the gas carrying the aerosol The range is less than 1 0 and greater than 0 0 If you are using air press the Set to Defaults for Air button Caution Extreme values will cause incorrect results Mean Free Path Enter the calculated mean free path between particles The range is less than 1 0 and greater than 0 0 If you are using air pressing the Set to Defaults for Air button automatically enters the appropriate value for you Caution Extreme values will cause incorrect results SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 13 4 14 Field Description Temperature Enter the temperature K of the reference gas Sutherland Enter the Sutherland Constant K Constant Pressure Enter the pressu
9. to raise the starting voltage for smaller particles thus reducing any errors from the round off Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer APPENDIX E Sequence Files The files for sample sessions that run past midnight or run for more than 24 hours are handled differently than those that start and stop on the same date Midnight occurs on your system according to the setting of your computer s system clock For these sample sessions a sequence of files is created with each file in the sequence given a unique filename extension identifying its proper order Normally only a single file is created for any sample session and it has a filename extension of the form s80 For example Atomosphere s80 which would identify the file as an SMPS file If the sample session period runs past midnight a file is created for each date day The samples collected before midnight including the sample that is running at midnight are collected in a file with the normal extension i e s80 Samples that are collected after midnight are saved in a file with an extension of the form 1 s80 Using the same example as above the next filename would be Atmosphere 1 s80 For a very long sample session a file is created each time the sample session runs past midnight and is indicated by adding a new number to the file extension Using the previous example the file following Atmosphere 1 s80 is A
10. 2 classifier model 4 7 clear reference buffer 4 44 collecting sample data SMPS spectrometer 4 1 color 4 32 color and font toolbar 4 42 comment 4 14 communication with electrostatic classifier I 1 communications tab descriptions 4 17 concentration dW SMPS spectrometer 4 36 condensation particle counter 1 1 connect to CPC 4 27 copy 4 42 CPC USB port 2 2 CPC model 4 8 cumulative conc SMPS spectrometer 4 36 cylindrical DMA measurements 4 10 D D of impactor 4 9 4 15 data files A 1 data hotspot select 3 6 Data Merge software icon 4 42 installation 2 1 defaults for air 4 14 delete undelete sample 3 6 4 44 desktop 3 2 determination of P G 3 determination of P G 3 determination of P G 4 determination of P G 4 determination of P G 4 diffusion correction 4 14 icon 4 46 option 4 15 diffusion loss characterizing G 2 importance G 1 diffusion loss correction G 1 low flow rates G 6 ultrafine particles G 6 disconnect from CPC 4 27 display 4 32 display graph showing area 4 31 using bars 4 31 using lines 4 31 with horizontal and vertical grid 4 32 with horizontal grid 4 32 with vertical grid 4 32 display options for units 4 36 DMA model 4 8 down scan first 4 9 dW dlogDp SMPS spectrometer 4 36 electrical aerosol detectors 1 1 ending sample 4 43 error messages F 1 example files 3 2 export data 3 9 automatically 3 11 manually 3 9 Index 1 expo
11. Outdoor Air with Diffusion Loss Correction mee G 6 Two Module Approach for Nanoparticle Aggregate Mobility Analysis Courtesy Lall et al 2006 c sss H 3 Physical Properties Tab of the Aerosol Instrument Manager Software Showing the Nanoparticle Aggregate Mobility Analysis Module User Interface H 7 Aggregate distribution functions based on standard calibration for spheres Red compared with the distributions based on the idealized aggregate theory Green Primary particle diameter 17 nm aggregate orientation parallel to the electric field a Number Distributions b Surface area distributions and c Volume distributions Courtesy Lall et al 2006 c H 8 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer Tables 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 F 1 Descriptions for SMPS Hardware Settings Tab oo ee 4 7 Descriptions for the SMPS Scheduling Tab uu eee 4 11 Descriptions of the SMPS Physical Properties Tab 4 13 Descriptions for the Communications Tab cee 4 17 Display Options fOr Units teret te rr teretes 4 36 Weight O ptions ei oe e teet e Oa deed a 4 38 Error Messages forSMPS Spectrometer F 1 Contents This page intentionally left blank Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer About This Manual Purpose This is an instruction manual for the Aerosol Instrument Manager Software as it applies to a TSI Scannin
12. Particle Sizing SMPS spectrometer can be broken down into five different flow paths for which an aerosol penetration can be calculated P Penetration through the impactor inlet P Penetration through the bi polar neutralizer and internal plumbing P Penetration through the tubing to the Differential Mobility Analyzer DMA and CPC P Penetration through the DMA P Penetration through the CPC Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer Figure G 2 Schematic of the Component Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer Spectrometer The total penetration through the system is the product of the individual penetration values Porat P P2P3P4Ps Determination of P The penetration through the impactor assembly was determined experimentally using all three impactor sizes 0 0457 cm 0 0508 cm amp 0 071 cm and a variety of flow rates P is dependent on the Reynolds number so it is affected by the flow rate and the gas properties of the working gas When using an impactor it is important to stay within the recommended flow ranges to achieve the highest accuracy for the Diffusion Loss Correction Determination of P The penetration through the internal passages of the Model 3080 Classifier including the Model 3077 30774 neutralizer was determined experimentally at a variety flow rates P is a function of the particle diffusion coefficient and flow rate Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer Spectrom
13. at the same time 2 COPYRIGHT The SOFTWARE is owned by TSI and is protected by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions Therefore you must treat the SOFTWARE like any other copyrighted material e g a book or musical recording except that you may either a make one copy of the SOFTWARE solely for backup or archival purposes or b transfer the SOFTWARE to a single hard disk provided you keep the original solely for backup or archival purposes 3 OTHER RESTRICTIONS You may not rent or lease the SOFTWARE but you may transfer the SOFTWARE and accompanying written material on a permanent basis provided you retain no copies and the recipient agrees to the terms of this Agreement You may not reverse engineer decompile or disassemble the SOFTWARE 4 DUAL MEDIA SOFTWARE If the SOFTWARE package contains multiple types of media then you may use only the media appropriate for your single user computer You may not use the other media on another computer or loan rent lease or transfer them to another user except as part of the permanent transfer as provided above of all SOFTWARE and written material 5 U S GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS The SOFTWARE and documentation are provided with RESTRICTED RIGHTS Use duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to the restrictions set forth in the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software Clause at 252 227 7013 and the Commercial Computer Softw
14. from the toolbar The data for the next sample of the currently active file replaces the data in all the open windows 2 You can continue to step through the samples by selecting the icon until you reach the last sample The sample currently displayed in the open window is highlighted in the Samples List window Another method of changing the sample that is displayed in the open windows on the desktop is by selecting the icon for that sample from the active Samples List window You can use the following icons to display other samples First Sample Advance to the first sample Previous Sample Go back to the previous sample Next Sample Advance to the next sample IE amp amp Last Sample Advance to the last sample Playback Review Data Samples You can display sample graphs and tables in a slide show format to preview sample results or compare sample differences as follows 1 From the Samples List window select the samples you want to play back using one of the following actions Select Sample Select All to play back all samples Or Select individual samples using the mouse and the Ctrl key to highlight those samples you want to see You must select at least two samples or Select a group of samples by holding down the left mouse button and moving the mouse to rubber band outline the samples you want to select Note The Playback menu items and toolbar icons are only enabled when the S
15. it to the front select it with the mouse Help Menu The Help menu provides access to information about the program Help About Aerosol Instrument Manager Help Manual Fi Figure 4 25 Help Menu About Aerosol Instrument Manager Select About Aerosol Instrument Manager to see the copyright statement for the program and view the version number of the software Help Manual Select Help Help Manual to see the manual of the Aerosol Instrument Manager software for SMPS spectrometer SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 45 4 46 Status Bar Icons A status bar at the bottom of most windows provides information about what is being shown in the window as well as information about what operations are occurring Each icon is described below Description Attention The scan returned with one or more status flags set Move the mouse over the icon to view the tool tip which displays the status text Charge correction is off Charge correction is on The software displays particle density on the status bar below the size graph If the software is connected to the Model 3080 Electrostatic Classifier it also displays sheath temperature and absolute pressure read from the instrument Diameter nm 11 of 45sec Sample Run 1 1 Sample 1 23 4 C 97 1 kPa Density g cc 1 20 Figure 4 26 Status Bar Displaying Particle Density If the software is not connected to the Model 3080 Electrostatic Classifier the te
16. or unable to read from it there will be dashed lines at the bottom of the graph and tables in place of the temperature and pressure When the program begins collecting sample data the data is displayed in the windows that are open on the desktop As each sample finishes the data for the sample is stored and a new sample begins When the last sample finishes sampling stops but the windows remain open To stop data collection before all the samples are collected do one of the following Q Select RunlFinish Current Sample Data collection stops after the current sample finishes or SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 5 Q Select Run Abort Current Sample or Bl on the toolbar to Stop data collection immediately When you select Abort Current Sample the data collected for the current incomplete sample is discarded Setting Up Properties for an SMPS Spectrometer 4 6 To access the Properties dialog box for an SMPS spectrometer select File Properties or Run Properties or Ctrl R when an SMPS file is active on the desktop The properties displayed in the Properties dialog box are either Q The initial default properties as set by TSI or Q The default properties set by a user who selected FilelSave Properties as Default after making changes to the Properties dialog box or changed the settings and had the File Save Properties on Exit menu item checked The Properties dialog box contains four tabs Hardware Sett
17. sampled i e mass concentration expressed as pig cm The mass concentration calculation assumes that all the particles are perfect spheres with the density defined in the Run Properties dialog for the instrument Mass concentration is calculated by dM dN x 6 D p where D is the geometric midpoint of the particle size channel and p is the density This quantity is related to Volume concentration by the simple factor p The normalized mass concentration is dM dlogDp dN dlogDp 1 6 D p In many of the tables the values for all four weightings are supplied in tabular format Note Surface Mass and Volume weighting calculations assume that all the particles are spherical Mass calculations also assume that all particles have the density defined in the properties dialog for the instrument However comparisons to methods that measure particle surface volume or mass directly may give results different from those calculated by the software Figure 4 20 shows size data in units of cumulative concentration weighted by mass 100 90 80 S 70 o o amp 60 o 2 50 E Oo 40 2 S 30 20 5 il 0 ae 1 1 10 100 1000 Diameter nm Figure 4 20 Size Data Weighted by Mass Size Data Select View I Size Data to open a graph or a table window that displays the file s sample data based on size SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 39 Raw Data Select View Raw Data to open a graph or a table wind
18. subtract the effect of multiple charged particles The effects of multiple charged particles are most pronounced for particles above approximately 100 nm The efficiency of multiple charge correction is dependent on several factors and assumptions Ideally the D for the impactor should be precisely at the upper valid measurement range The impactor removes particles based on their aerodynamic size The program sizes particles based on their electrical mobility which closely matches particles geometric diameter For particle densities other than 1 0 the impactor geometric cut point occurs at a point other than that predicted by the SMPS program If the number of particles near the D of the impactor is low precise cutoff is less critical Particles with a size larger than the maximum size set for the SMPS measurement and not removed by the impactor will cause errors in the correction for multiple charges Low concentrations increase the uncertainty of the particle concentration in any channel thus reducing the effectiveness of the correction View data in both corrected and uncorrected forms to become familiar with the effect of multiple charges and the limitations of charge correction Diffusion Correction Option Choose the Diffusion Correction check box on the Physical Properties tab to enable a mathematical correction for diffusion losses of particles in their flow path within the SMPS system It is especially important to
19. that you are familiar with how Windows works If you are not familiar with Windows operation system please refer to the information that came with it before you load and use this program Microsoft Windows and Windows Vista are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation 1 1 How This Manual is Organized This manual describes the Aerosol Instrument Manager software and includes information such as Q Requirements for loading and running the software Q The installation procedure that loads the program onto your computer Q A Getting Started chapter that introduces basic software operation Q How to information for using the program to operate and collect data with the SMPS spectrometer Q Descriptions of the menus and menu items which are valid when collecting data with an SMPS spectrometer Q Appendixes that provide reference information associated with program operation Notations Conventions Used in This Manual Q Throughout this manual when reference is made to Windows it implies either Windows XP Windows Vista or Windows 7 operating system Q Bold face type is used to indicate that you should perform the indicated action For example select the File menu means that you should use the mouse and click on the menu called File Q When instructions direct you to select items from a menu a vertical bar 1 is used to separate the items you should select For example selec
20. the option using the appropriate icon LJ Display graphs with no grid E Display graphs with a horizontal grid L Display graphs with a vertical grid E Display graphs with both horizontal and vertical grids Color amp Select Format Color to change the colors used to display items in the active window When you select Format Color the Graph Color or Table Color window opens depending on the active window on the desktop Figure 4 14 shows both These windows include a preview screen a drop down list and a color palette From the drop down list select the name of the item you want to modify The current color for that item is indicated in the color palette Use the mouse to point to the new color for that item and click the left mouse button to select it The preview screen then displays the item in the new color Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer Color Object Window Background X Basic colors EI EI eee B ees Emi FG EHR EEE E Om EEE T EE EEE EE g BeBe ee Cancel Color Object Window Background X D Abc Abe Abc Abe Abc Abc Basic colors EI EI NNI ies ies EG ERE EERE ERE EEE Nn EE EEE EE g Bee eee Cancel A B Figure 4 14 A The Graph Color Dialog Box B The Table Color Dialog Box Select items from the drop down list and colors as desired When finished press OK the colors you selected will be used from that point on in a
21. to display the values Figure 3 3 shows how the data values would be displayed for an SMPS spectrometer diameter and number concentration 40 0 1 0 0 9 ip 0 8 5 7 58e 04 eam E 0 6 0 5 oh a 504 o ue s l 0 1 0 0 jsp TN 10 100 1000 Diameter nm Figure 3 3 Use the Mouse to Directly View Data Values Tip After you have a data hot spot selected use the arrow keys or the gt and keys to move the cursor right or left from one value to the next or grab the vertical bar and drag it to another location Refer to Appendix B for a list of other keys or key combinations you can use to navigate and perform operations without using the mouse Delete Undelete Samples 3 6 To delete samples from a file you must first mark them for deletion and then either Close or Save the file The following procedures will permanently delete samples from a file Mark samples for deletion as follows 1 Select the sample you want to delete from the Samples List window you can select multiple samples Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer 2 Select Sample Delete Undelete Sample or x on the toolbar The samples will be shown as Deleted However they will not be permanently removed from the file until you Close or Save the file Save the file and permanently delete all samples marked for deletion 1 With at least one sample marked for
22. use diffusion loss correction when sizing aerosols smaller than 100 nm since in this size regime diffusion becomes increasingly important Enter the carrier gas density in units of g cc This value will be used in calculations of the diffusion correction The diffusion correction can be applied to previously collected data similar to charge correction For a detailed discussion on this subject please refer to our application note on Diffusion Loss Correction Appendix G of this manual SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 15 Nanoparticle Aggregate Mobility Analysis Option Choose the Nanoparticle Aggregate Mobility Analysis check box on the Physical Properties tab to enable a mathematical analysis of mobility data for nanoparticle aggregates By default the software analyses the mobility raw data for a spherical particle model However not all particles are necessarily spherical For example urban ultrafine particles and particle emissions from combustion sources such as diesel engines are typically aggregates The nanoparticle mobility analysis yields a more accurate estimate of the number surface area and volume distributions of nanoparticle aggregates Enter the primary particle diameter i e diameter of the primary particles that constitutes the aggregate The assumption here is that aggregates are composed of primary particles all of which have the same known diameter Enter the orientation of aggregate parallel or random with r
23. use those values to calculate gas viscosity and mean free path If the software is not connected to the classifier the reference values entered on the SMPS Properties dialog will be used The software will also set the sheath flow rate and bypass flow rate in the classifier to the values selected on the SMPS Properties dialog This chapter is designed to give you an introduction to the basic operation of the Aerosol Instrument Manager software Using it you will Q Start the program Q Open an existing file from the example files provided with the program Change data display Display another sample in the same file Playback review data samples in a slide show fashion Select a data hot spot Delete Undelete samples Zoom in and zoom out on data in a graph Print information displayed on the desktop Export data to a file Arrange open windows D O0 0 D D D D DO DO O Quit the program Start the Program To start the program proceed as follows From the Windows desktop using the mouse double click the Aerosol Instrument Manager icon or press the Start menu and then select Programs TSI Aerosol Instrument Manager 3 1 The Aerosol Instrument Manager desktop appears as shown in Figure 3 1 Data Display Graph Format Data Display Table Format B fond Ye iem Mele e MEME ee tune PEDENN n y 6 OW X wink CELE 5 AX Tool Bar E Sic Dats Toht Instrument Settings Sam
24. 2 In the latter case you will need to set the flow and other values on the classifier manually and the software will use reference gas values from the Properties dialog rather than values read from the classifier CLASSIFIER Model 3080 Communications Ports available for Classifier IF available double click on one of the ports to connect Status COM1 Figure 4 2 CLASSIFIER Model 3080 Communications Port Selection Screen 7 Note The Communications page on the Properties dialog is for selecting a port for connection to the Condensation Particle Counter not the Classifier You can use the menu to connect to the Model 3080 Classifier by selecting Run Connect to Classifier 3080 If you open a new file and the SMPS Properties dialog is not complete this can occur the first time you open a new file for the SMPS spectrometer or after you have selected File Clear SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 3 4 4 Settings the SMPS Properties dialog box appears and you must complete it and press OK to proceed If you get the following error message when opening a New file press the OK button to open the Properties dialog box Figure 4 3 Aerosol Instrument Manager Unable to establish a connection to the CPC Please check that the instrument is connected turned on that you don t already have another connection open or that another device is not already using this port Figure 4 3 Unable to Establish a Conne
25. 4 36 raw data 4 40 readme htm file 2 2 reference 4 41 references G 7 H 9 retrace 4 11 review SMPS properties 4 4 RS 232 serial interface port 2 2 run menu abort current sample 4 27 auto export to database 4 28 auto export to file 4 28 connect to the CPC 4 27 disconnect from the CPC 4 27 finish current sample 4 27 properties 4 28 start data collection 4 26 Run menu 4 26 S sample 4 41 sample menu 4 43 beginning sample 4 43 clear reference buffer 4 44 delete undelete sample 4 44 ending sample 4 43 next sample 4 43 previous sample 4 43 select all 4 44 select as reference 4 44 sample reference 4 42 sample reference 4 41 Samples List window 3 3 saved parameters A 3 scan time 4 9 scan up 4 11 scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer 1 1 scans per sample 4 11 scheduled 4 11 scheduling tab 4 10 scheduling tab descriptions 4 11 schematic G 3 schematic of component Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer G 3 select all 4 44 select as reference 4 44 sequence files E 1 set to max range SMPS spectrometer 4 9 set up SMPS properties 4 4 settings 4 41 sheath flow rate 4 8 sheath temperature 4 46 size data 4 39 size range bounds 4 9 slip correction D 1 SMPS communications tab 4 16 SMPS hardware settings tab 4 6 SMPS menus format 4 29 SMPS properties 4 6 SMPS Properties screen 4 13 SMPS Properties New Sample screen 4 7 4 11 4 17 SMP
26. F THE PURCHASE PRICE OR AT THE OPTION OF SELLER THE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF THE GOODS IN NO EVENT SHALL SELLER BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES SELLER SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR INSTALLATION DISMANTLING OR REINSTALLATION COSTS OR CHARGES No Action regardless of form may be brought against Seller more than 12 months after a cause of action has accrued The goods returned under warranty to Seller s factory shall be at Buyer s risk of loss and will be returned if at all at Seller s risk of loss Buyer and all users are deemed to have accepted this LIMITATION OF WARRANTY AND LIABILITY which contains the complete and exclusive limited warranty of Seller This LIMITATION OF WARRANTY AND LIABILITY may not be amended modified or its terms waived except by writing signed by an Officer of Seller Knowing that inoperative or defective instruments are as detrimental to TSI as they are to our customers our service policy is designed to give prompt attention to any problems If any malfunction is discovered please contact your nearest sales office or representative or call TSI at 1 800 874 2811 USA or 651 490 2811 Software License effective March 1999 Trademarks 1 GRANT OF LICENSE TSI grants to you the right to use one copy of the enclosed TSI software program the SOFTWARE on a single computer You may not network the SOFTWARE or otherwise use it on more than one computer or computer terminal
27. India Tel 91 80 41132470 E mail tsi india tsi com China Tel 86 10 8260 1595 E mail tsibeijing tsi com Singapore Tel 65 6595 6388 E mail tsi singapore tsi com Contact your local TS Distributor or visit our website www tsi com for more detailed specifications P N 1930038 Rev H Copyright 2010 by TSI Incorporated Printed in U S A
28. L limitation of warranty iii line 3 6 literature related product xi M macroIMS 4 40 Macroion Mobility Spectrometer 4 40 main toolbar 4 42 mean free path 4 13 equation I 2 Model 3080 Classifier communication with software I 1 connecting software 4 5 4 10 4 46 HV Polarity 4 8 manual xi Model 3480C Charge reduced Electrospray Ionization ESI Source 4 40 Model 390069 Data Merge Software Module manual xi Model 3934 SMPS manual xi Model 3936 SMPS manual xi Model 3980C macroIMS manual xi molecular mass 4 40 multiple charge correction 4 14 N nanoparticle aggregate mobility analysis 4 14 icon 4 46 option 4 16 software module H 1 nanoparticle aggregate mobility analysis module user interface H 7 navigation 1 1 navigation toolbar 4 42 negative high voltage controller 4 8 next sample 4 43 notations conventions 1 2 number of samples 4 11 O open an existing file 3 2 organization 1 2 S Spectrometer P particle density 4 14 4 46 physical properties tab 4 12 physical properties tab descriptions 4 13 playback data samples 3 4 playback icons 3 4 3 5 playback menu pause 4 29 play 4 29 stop 4 29 Playback menu 4 28 pressure 4 14 preview print 3 8 previous sample 4 43 print information displayed 3 8 Print Preview screen 3 8 project files A 1 properties box screen G 5 properties of the SMPS spectrometer 4 6 Q quit the program 3 13 R raw counts
29. N dlogDp is calculated by dividing dN by the geometric width of the size channel Diameter Diameter represents the first moment of the diameter or the total of all particle diameters per unit volume of air sampled in units of mm cm Diameter moment is calculated by dD dN D where D is the geometric midpoint of the particle size channel The normalized diameter concentration is dD dlogD dN dlogD D Surface Surface represents the total surface area of the particles per unit volume of air sampled i e surface area concentration expressed as nm cm The surface area concentration calculation assumes that all the particles are perfect spheres Surface area concentration is calculated by dS dN xD where D is the geometric midpoint of the particle size channel The normalized surface concentration is dS dlog D dN dlog D nD Volume Volume represents the total volume of the particles per unit volume of air sampled i e volume concentration expressed as nm cm The volume concentration calculation assumes that all the particles are perfect spheres Volume concentration is calculated by dV dN x 6 D where D is the geometric midpoint of the particle size channel The normalized volume concentration is dV dlogDp dN dlogDp x 6 D_ 4 38 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer Mass Mass represents the total mass of the particles per unit volume of air
30. Particle Sizers Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS Spectrometer User s Manual P N 1930038 Revision H April 2010 q TRUST SCIENCE INNOVATION e Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS Spectrometer User s Manual Appendixes Manual History The following is a manual history of the Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS Spectrometer User s Manual Part Number 1930038 Revision Date First Version May 2002 A October 2002 B May 2004 C February 2005 D November 2005 E March 2006 F April 2006 G October 2006 H April 2010 Part Number Copyright Address Email Address World Wide Web Site Telephone No Fax No Limitation of Warranty and Liability effective J uly 2000 Service Policy Warranty 1930038 Revision H April 2010 TSI Incorporated 2002 2010 All rights reserved TSI Incorporated 500 Cardigan Road Shoreview MN 55126 USA particle tsi com http www tsi com 1 800 874 2811 USA only or 651 490 2811 651 490 3824 Seller warrants the goods sold hereunder under normal use and service as described in the operator s manual shall be free from defects in workmanship and material for twelve 12 months or the length of time specified in the operator s manual from the date of shipment to the customer
31. Path Properties page values Cannot close the Aerosol Instrument Manager database Cannot communicate with the instrument Communications error the software cannot communicate with Please check that it is connected turned on the hardware Please check the items indicated in the has the correct comm settings set in the message properties and that the port is not in use by another application Cannot find a file filename in the sequence Warning to let you know that the sequence of files has a gap of files associated with filename Only the and the program cannot load all of the files samples loaded will be available Cannot open the Aerosol Instrument Manager Verify that the database file is not corrupted database Cannot write to the Aerosol Instrument Manager database Database connection will be closed Data Error An incorrect amount of data was For information only received in the current run Sampling was stopped and excess data if any was ignored Fixed Scale is selected You must select a If you want to use the fixed scale parameter you must select a Minimum and or Maximum value minimum or maximum value Gas Viscosity cannot be zero Incorrect values were entered in the Properties Physical Properties page Gas Viscosity must be 1 0 Make sure the Incorrect values were entered in the Properties Physical units are correct Properties page F 1 Error Message You have tried to select lo
32. S scheduling tab 4 10 SMPS software comparison D 1 SMPS spectrometer procedures 4 1 SMPS spectrometer menus 4 21 SMPS units 4 35 SMPS weight options 4 37 software license iv software operation H 6 software upgrades G 6 start at time 4 12 start data collection 4 5 start the program 3 1 statistics 4 40 statistics table 4 40 status bar icons 4 46 Sutherland Constant 4 14 T T 00 10 SMPS settings 4 20 T 00 11 SMPS data 4 21 T 00 12 SMPS Sample data 4 21 T 00 header 4 20 Table Color dialog box 4 33 tables Access database 4 20 td 4 8 temperature 4 14 tf 4 9 theory H 2 title 4 14 toolbars 4 42 total sample time 4 11 trigger fie 4 12 Index 3 two pane layout of an SMPS file 3 12 U unable to establish connection to the CPC 4 4 units menu 4 35 Units Selection menu screen 4 35 unzoom 3 7 USB port 2 2 V View Boundaries dialog box 4 31 View menu 4 35 copy 4 42 molecular mass 4 40 raw data 4 40 reference 4 41 sample 4 41 sample reference 4 42 sample reference 4 41 settings 4 41 size data 4 39 statistics 4 40 toolbars 4 42 units 4 35 weight 4 37 View menu screen 4 35 view multiple samples 3 4 view SMPS boundaries 4 31 voltage range 4 9 W X warranty iii weight 4 37 Weight menu screen 4 37 weight options 4 38 Window menu 4 44 Y Y axis dialog box 4 30 Z zoom in zoom out 3 7 Index 4 Aerosol Instrument Manage
33. Select Playback Pause or i from the toolbar to interrupt the playback of the samples This feature lets you stop playback to view the data of an interesting sample without canceling the playback of all selected samples When you want to start playback again select Playback Play Stop Select Playback Stop or Bl from the toolbar to end sample playback before all samples have been displayed If you select Stop and you want to restart sampling you must select Playback Play select the time you want each sample displayed select play once or continuously and begin displaying samples from the first selected sample Format Menu The Format menu has many variations depending on the active window The menu items of the Format menu let you control how information is presented in tables and graphs including channel resolution view boundaries graph type grid lines font color etc When a Sample List window is active on the desktop the menu items of the Format menu let you determine how items in the Sample List window are displayed You can select large or small icons or list the samples with or without details Details include date pathname and title of the sample When a window is active on the desktop you can display the Format menu items plus other menu items by placing the cursor in the window and clicking the right mouse button SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 29 View Sample Wir Axis Channel Resolu
34. Spectrometer CHAPTER 1 Introduction The Aerosol Instrument Manager software is used to collect sample data from a spectrometer and store the sample data in files You can use the software to display data in graphs and tables or view statistical information You can print graphs and tables with the software and you can export data for use in other applications including a Microsoft Access database There are a number of ways to navigate within the program These include selecting items from the main menus selecting icons from the toolbar and selecting items from submenus which you access by right clicking the mouse button Specific instructions are provided in the following chapters The Aerosol Instrument Manager software is designed to be used with a variety of different TSI spectrometers and sensors Aerodynamic Particle Sizer APS Spectrometers Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS Spectrometers Condensation Particle Counters CPCs Electrical Aerosol Detectors EADs Aerosol Electrometers Ooocoo o Electrostatic Classifiers This manual covers the use of the Aerosol Instrument Manager software with TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS Spectrometers only For information about software operation with other TSI spectrometers and sensors refer to the appropriate manual This manual assumes you have Microsoft Windows XP Windows Vista or Windows 7 32 bit on your computer and
35. Straight Chains of Uniform Spheres J Appl Phys 52 3106 Dahneke B 1982 Viscous resistance of straight chain aggregates of uniform spheres Aerosol Sci and Technol 1 179 Lall A A and Friedlander S K 2006 a On line Measurement of Ultrafine Aggregate Surface Area and Volume Distributions by Electrical Mobility Analysis I Theoretical Analysis J Aerosol Sci 27 260 Lall A A Seipenbusch M Rong W and Friedlander S K 2006 b On line Measurement of Ultrafine Aggregate Surface Area and Volume Distributions by Electrical Mobility Analysis II Comparison of Theory and Measurements J Aerosol Sci 27 272 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS Spectrometer Nanoparticle Aggregate Mobility Analysis Software Module H 9 Lall A A Robertson W H Sahay K and Friedlander S K 2006 c New interpretation of DMA data that makes realistic characterization of diesel emission possible Theory of idealized aggregates Poster presentation at 10th ETH Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles August 21 23 2006 at ETH Zentrum Zurich Switzerland Park K Kittelson D B McMurry P H 2004a Structural Properties of Diesel Exhaust Particles Measured by Transmission Electron Microscopy TEM Relationships to Particle Mass and Mobility Aerosol Sci Technol 38 881 Park K Kittelson D B Zachariah M R and McMurry P H 2004b Measurement of Inherent Material Density of Nanoparticle Agglomer
36. This warranty period is inclusive of any statutory warranty This limited warranty is subject to the following exclusions a Hot wire or hot film sensors used with research anemometers and certain other components when indicated in specifications are warranted for 90 days from the date of shipment b Parts repaired or replaced as a result of repair services are warranted to be free from defects in workmanship and material under normal use for 90 days from the date of shipment c Seller does not provide any warranty on finished goods manufactured by others or on any fuses batteries or other consumable materials Only the original manufacturer s warranty applies d Unless specifically authorized in a separate writing by Seller Seller makes no warranty with respect to and shall have no liability in connection with goods which are incorporated into other products or equipment or which are modified by any person other than Seller The foregoing is IN LIEU OF all other warranties and is subject to the LIMITATIONS stated herein NO OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR MERCHANTABILITY IS MADE TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF THE USER OR BUYER AND THE LIMIT OF SELLER S LIABILITY FOR ANY AND ALL LOSSES INJURIES OR DAMAGES CONCERNING THE GOODS INCLUDING CLAIMS BASED ON CONTRACT NEGLIGENCE TORT STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE SHALL BE THE RETURN OF GOODS TO SELLER AND THE REFUND O
37. a HotSpot nennen 3 6 Delete U ndelete Samples sese 3 6 Zoom In and Out on Data in a Graph ssssseeemmm 3 7 Print Information Displayed on the Desktop ssssseeess 3 8 Export Data to a File ecrit e e beet ee 3 9 To Export Data to a File Manually eenen 3 9 To Export Data to a File Automatically 3 11 Arrange Open Windows mee 3 12 Quit the P rogralm d da Ree etc da PO dens 3 13 CHAPTER 4SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 1 How To Collect Sample Data sese 4 1 Step A Open a New SMPS File sssssesemm 4 1 Step B Review Change Setup SMPS Properties 4 4 Step C Start Data Collection 4 5 Setting Up Properties for an SMPS Spectrometer 4 6 SMPS Hardware Settings Tab 4 6 SMPS Scheduling Tab eeeeeee 4 10 SMPS Physical Properties Tab 4 12 SMPS Communications Tab eee 4 16 Append Sample Data to an Existing SMPS File 4 17 ExportSMPS Data to an Access Database 4 18 To Set Up the Database ssssssseeeeeemeeeennene 4 18 To Export Data to the Database sssssseee ee 4 19 D atabase Table5 5 EUER S 4 20 Active Menus for an SMPS Spectrometer ssseseseee 4 21 File Merit ce c ete e el et tu bans 4 22 RUN Menuiserie eoe dence tore de ore da ka o A RT ates 4 26 Playback Men
38. a graph or table window active on the desktop select File Print Preview or amp l 2 Review that what you see in the print preview window is what you want to print an example is shown in Figure 3 4 and then select Print from the Preview box The contents of the window are sent to your printer You can immediately print a window without previewing it by selecting File Print or S from the toolbar Figure 3 4 Print Preview 3 8 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer Export Data to a File You can export data from an SMPS Aerosol Instrument Manager file either a single sample of the file or multiple samples of the file for use in another program such as Microsoft Excel or Microsoft Access database You can export data either manually or automatically Refer to Chapter 4 for information on exporting SMPS data to the database To Export Data to a File Manually To export data to be used in another program 1 Select the sample or samples to be exported as follows To export data from a single sample display the sample data in an active window on the desktop To export data from multiple samples select highlight the samples you want to export from the Samples List window 2 Select Filel Export to File An Export Parameters dialog box appears as shown in Figure 3 5 Export Parameters Data Types dwjdlogDp Concentration dw concentration cumulative conc cumulative conc
39. a obtained with spherical model as well as the data analyzed by nanoparticle aggregate model Once the check box is checked the user needs to input primary particle diameter in units of nanometers of the aggregate the Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer default value is set to 10 nm The user may also select the aggregate orientation parallel or random with respect to the electric field By default the software is set for parallel orientation All electrically conducting aggregates tend to align parallel to the electric field due to the interaction of the induced dipole with the field Stober Boose amp Prodi 1974 Diesel exhaust ambient particles as well as most other ultrafine particles are conductive and thus have parallel orientation The nanoparticle aggregate mobility analysis software module may be used for post processing of previously collected SMPS data including data previously collected by older versions of Aerosol Instrument Manager software It simply provides an alternative processing of the same primary data APSE operes Sampei Tee steuert ID 3772705340112 4 Commert Comment Figure H 2 Physical Properties Tab of the Aerosol Instrument Manager Software Showing the Nanoparticle Aggregate Mobility Analysis Module User Interface Note Nanoparticle aggregate mobility analysis software module was designed and validated for use with the Model 3080 Classifier Platform o
40. alculations If unable to read temperature and pressure from the instrument the reference gas viscosity and mean free path from the properties dialog are used instead The flow rates are not read from the classifier when the properties dialog is opened so the current flow values from the instrument are not displayed in the properties dialog After you close the properties dialog the software sets the sheath flow and bypass flow rates in the Model 3080 Classifier to the values selected on the properties dialog It also sets the CPC flow rate to the high or low value selected if the CPC has two flow rate options SMPS Scheduling Tab Use the Scheduling tab to select Q The number of scans per sample Q The number of samples to be taken QO How often samples are collected Q The start time for the first sample Figure 4 5 shows the Scheduling tab of the Properties dialog Table 4 2 provides a description of each parameter gTM Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMP Spectrometer SMPS Properties New Sample Hardware Settings Scheduling Physical Properties Communications Sample Scans Per Number of Total Scan Up s Retrace s Sample Samples Sample Time x 2 X fo 45m Os Scheduled C OnlyOnce Repeat Every Oh hm pi Start At Time 12 0 z z Specify a filename only txt Trigger File which will trigger data collection to begin Sampling will begin when this file is updated in the applica
41. ample Multiple Charge Correction Option Choose the Multiple Charge Correction check box on the Physical Properties tab to enable a mathematical correction for particles with multiple charges Display options with the exception of Count automatically account for single charge probability Multiple charges on a particle increase its mobility Since the program assumes a particle has only one charge the effect of multiple charges on a particle allows the particle to be incorrectly binned into a smaller sized particle channel Multiple Charge Correction if activated turns on an internal algorithm that attempts to correct the sample data for the effects of the multiple charged gTM Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMP Spectrometer particles The algorithm performs corrections based on a 64 channel resolution The program assumes the impactor removes any particles larger than its cut point size D Therefore the particles in the size channel immediately smaller than the impactor cut point size must be made up of single charged particles because particles with multiple charges are larger in size than the D cut point The concentration in each size bin is calculated Once the concentration for a bin is determined the program subtracts the number of multiple charged particles that would have been expected to fall in smaller sized bins The SMPS program then moves to progressively smaller size channels and continues to
42. amples view is the active view 3 4 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer 2 When you have selected the samples you want to view select Playback Play The setup box shown in Figure 3 2 appears Playback Setup Sample Viewing Time C full speed Play Once C 0 5 seconds Play Continuous C 2 5 seconds Cancel C 5 seconds Figure 3 2 Playback Setup Dialog Box 3 Select the sample viewing time and whether you want the samples displayed once or continuously Playback begins immediately For better viewing it may be necessary to minimize the Samples List window 4 Playback can be paused at any time by selecting Playback Pause Select Playback Play to continue playback where you left off Playback can be stopped at any time by selecting Playback Stop When playback is stopped you cannot restart it Use Playback Pause and Playback Play if you want to stop and start playback You can also control playback by using icons on the toolbar The icons perform the following operations E Stop Stop playback m Pause Pause playback on current sample D Start Start playback or restart playback Getting Started 3 5 Select a Data Hot Spot When a graph is open on the desktop you can find the values of a data point as follows 1 Position the pointer on the bar line or peak depending on the type of graph that is active The pointer becomes a pointing hand 2 Press the left mouse button
43. ania and fumed silica TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS spectrometer is commonly used to measure size distributions for these applications and more The SMPS spectrometer uses electrical mobility to measure the particle size This technique utilizes a bipolar charger to impart a known charge distribution on the aerosol sample The particles are then classified according to their ability to traverse an electric field The most common method of interpreting electrical mobility analysis to obtain size in the SMPS spectrometer as well as other commercially available electrical mobility analyzers is based on a spherical particle model including an expression for the drag coefficient over a wide range of Knudsen numbers Kn and the bipolar charging efficiency of spherical particles While this method is appropriate for sizing spherical particles it leads to errors in the mobility size data interpretation for aggregates and subsequent calculations of surface area and volume and hence mass distributions A new method for analyzing mobility of nanoparticle aggregates for a limiting case of idealized aggregates D lt 2 has been developed Lall and Friedlander 2006 a and has been recently incorporated in the Aerosol Instrument Manager Software version 8 0 for TSI Model 3936 series SMPS spectrometer This method yields a more accurate estimate of the number surface area and volume distributions of nanoparticle aggreg
44. anning Mobility Particle Sizer and SMPS are trademarks of TSI Incorporated Microsoft Windows Windows Vista Access and Excel are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation gTM Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMP Spectrometer Contents Manual History v sssssseccsseeessseessseessseesnseeessseessonsessesnseesnseeeseonsessnsaseeessenessans ii Wartrahly 52 2 aniiris ri ska c nai na ann SEE E RNRE CY RE RP ARMS eK aa DER dE iii Software License effective March 1999 ssssseee iv Trademarks ine Reed e un dmn i aep p iv About This Manual renean n e a a xi PUUNDOS eid St ese e atte ur nat dateien xi Related Product Literature xi Gettinig Help s sc tte treten tel e Dee E t ter HIR LR n xi Submitting Comments nece rec tete De ite seg xii CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 1 How This Manual is Organized 1 2 Notations Conventions Used in This Manual 1 2 CHAPTER 2 Installing the Software nenne 2 1 Installation Requirements seseeee memes 2 1 InstallatiOTi 12 d Aarti t ert e tere ete v t tete 2 2 CHAPTER 3 Getting Started eese nennt 3 1 Start the Program gii ebbe ee c naaie 3 1 Open an Existing File oie trente metrice dotes 3 2 Change Data Dis play inh E ne tr e ha re Pt tet 3 3 Display Another Sample in the Same File sssess 3 4 Playback Review Data Samples seeem 3 4 Select a Dat
45. are Restricted Rights clause at 52 227 19 6 LIMITED WARRANTY TSI warrants that the SOFTWARE will perform substantially in accordance with the accompanying written materials for a period of ninety 90 days from the date of receipt 7 CUSTOMER REMEDIES TSI s entire liability and your exclusive remedy shall be at TSI s option either a return of the price paid or b repair or replacement of the SOFTWARE that does not meet this Limited Warranty and which is returned to TSI with proof of payment This Limited Warranty is void if failure of the SOFTWARE has resulted from accident abuse or misapplication Any replacement SOFTWARE will be warranted for the remainder of the original warranty period or thirty 30 days whichever is longer 8 NO OTHER WARRANTIES TSI disclaims all other warranties either express or implied including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose with regard to the SOFTWARE and the accompanying written materials 9 NO LIABILTY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES In no event shall TSI be liable for any damages whatsoever including without limitation special incidental consequential or indirect damages for personal injury loss of business profits business interruption loss of information or any other pecuniary loss arising out of the use of or inability to use this SOFTWARE Aerosol Instrument Manager is a registered trademark of TSI Incorporated Sc
46. ates J Nanopart Res 6 267 St ber W Boose C and Prodi V 1974 ber die Orientierung und den dynamischen Formfaktor von kettenf rmigen Aerosolteilchen in Ladungsspektrometern Water Air and Soil Pollution 3 493 Wang S C and Flagan R C 1990 Scanning Electrical Mobility Spectrometer Aerosol Sci and Technol 13 230 Wen H Y Reischl G P and Kasper G 1984 Bipolar diffusion charging of fibrous aerosol particles I Charging theory J Aerosol Sci 15 89 Xiong C and Friedlander S K 2001 Morphological Properties of Atmospheric Aerosol Aggregates Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98 11851 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer APPENDIX Communication with the Electrostatic Classifier Model 3080 The Aerosol Instrument Manager software is capable of communicating with the TSI Model 3080 Electrostatic Classifier If you wish to use this communication connect the computer to the classifier with a serial cable or USB to serial cable If the Model 3080 classifier has been selected and auto connect is selected the software will attempt to connect to the classifier when you open a new document and when you open the properties dialog If the connection attempt fails you will be prompted to select a COM port to use for this connection If you cancel out of the dialog without selecting a port you can continue using the Aerosol Instrument Manager software with
47. ates The mobility of aggregates measured by an SMPS spectrometer is processed by a two module H 1 Theory H 2 approach one module for the drag on the aggregates and the other Jor aggregate charging efficiency This method requires the user to input the average primary particle size of the aggregate The average primary particle size can be measured by electron microscopy or if available taken from published literature The TSI Model 3089 Nanometer Aerosol Sampler in combination with the electrostatic classifier and Differential Mobility Analyzer DMA can be conveniently used to collect charged particles on a microscope grid for electron microscopy Some literature resources for information on nanoparticle aggregate characteristics are papers by Barone et al 2006 Xiong and Friedlander 2001 and Park et al 2004 a b This application note discusses the theory of idealized aggregates basic assumptions and implementation in the new updated Aerosol Instrument Manager software module We also discuss user operation of the software module and an example of analyzed data Note The software module may be used for post processing of collected SMPS data including data previously collected by older versions of Aerosol Instrument Manager software Assumptions Limiting Case of Idealized Aggregates The nanoparticle aggregate mobility analysis software module analyzes the SMPS data for aggregate number surface area and
48. cannot close the Properties dialog or select any of the other tabs until all values have been set on the Hardware Setting tab SMPS Properties New Sample Hardware Settings Scheduling Physical Properties CPC Model and Flow Rate C 3010 C 3025high 3776low C 3786 3788 high C 3022low 3772 3776high C 3787 low C 3022high C 3775low 3782 C 3787 high C 3025low C 3775high C 3785 C 3788 low Classifier Model DMA 3071 3080 C 3081 3085 Custom HY Polarity Neg v Auto connect DMA Flow Rate lpm Impactor Type Sheath 15 00 Aerosol 1 50 C 0 0457 cm id s 0 34 LL 0 0508 cm tf s 0 2 Optional Bypass Flow aon Bypass flow requires cm Bypass 0 0 special flow plumbing gies rien fi 000 See 3080 manual Size Range Bounds Diameter Lower nm 1 98 X Upper nm 64 9 Set to Max Range Voltage Range v Scan Time s 10 S466 Up 20 Retrace 15 Figure 4 4 Hardware Settings Tab of the Properties Dialog Table 4 1 Descriptions forSMPS Hardware Settings Tab Setting Description Classifier Model Select the model of Electrostatic Classifier used in the system SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 7 Setting Description SCS Auto connect Check this box if you want the software to automatically connect to the classifier by searching the ports to find the instrument You can also select Run Connect to Classifier from the menu DMA Model Select the model of D
49. ction to the CPC Error Message 9 Verify the connection to the spectrometer and make certain the spectrometer is turned on To verify the COM or USB Port setting a Check that the correct communications port was selected during program setup by double clicking on the port listed under the Communications Tab b Ifthe test is unsuccessful select another port and double click on the port again Note The new Series 3770 Condensation Particle Counters have USB ports to connect to the computer The Series 3780 Water based Condensation Particle Counters also have USB ports but they are treated as serial ports using a USB driver See instrument manual for details c Once the correct port is selected select OK to return to the desktop and the active window Step B Review Change Setup SMPS Properties Before you begin sampling you may want to review the Properties dialog to verify correct start time hardware settings and so on 1 Select File Properties or Run Properties or Ctrl R and select the various tabs to review the settings Refer to Setting Up Properties for an SMPS Spectrometer for how to change settings If the software is connected to the Model 3080 Classifier the temperature and pressure read from the classifier are used to calculate mean free path and gas viscosity and these values are Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer used in calculations If not connected to t
50. deletion in the active file select File Save You will get a message stating Some samples have been marked for deletion Do you want them permanently removed Click Yes to remove them or No to keep them Select Yes The samples marked for deletion are permanently deleted Note If you attempt to close all the windows for the file or exit the program without saving the file you will get a message asking whether you want to save changes to the file Respond Yes and you will get the same message stating Some samples have been marked for deletion Do you want them permanently removed Respond Yes to delete the marked samples and No to close the file without deleting them Zoom In and Out on Data in a Graph You can zoom in on data displayed in a graph as follows 1 4 Use the mouse to position the cursor pointer at one corner of the area you want enlarged Press down on the left mouse button and drag the mouse to the opposite corner of the data you want enlarged Release the left mouse button The area you selected is enlarged You can continue to zoom further by repeating steps 1 through 3 UNDO To Unzoom select Format Undo Zoom or S on the toolbar The enlarged area is returned to normal view Getting Started 3 7 Print Information Displayed on the Desktop You can print the information displayed in the active window on the desktop as follows you must have a printer properly installed 1 With
51. e See Appendix E for information about sequence files The Samples List window opens whenever you open a data file and remains open on the desktop as long as the data file is open Closing the Samples List window closes the data file and all its open windows Change Data Display For most spectrometers you can view data in tables or graphs and in several different formats for example SMPS data can be viewed by raw counts concentration and so on The following procedure provides an example of how you can change data display 1 Open one of the sample SMPS files as described in Open an Existing File With the graph window active on the desktop point and the mouse on the graph right click the mouse to display various viewing options Refer to Format Menu in Chapter 4 for detailed explanations Notice the change in how data is displayed A checkmark next to one of the menu items means that a window for that selection is already open on the desktop If you select a menu item that is already checked the window containing that graph or table is brought to the top of the desktop and becomes the active window 2 Experiment with other views by making other windows active and selecting other options from the View menu to see how your selections change the data display Getting Started 3 3 Display Another Sample in the Same File 1 To display another sample in an open file select the icon go forward one sample
52. em provides a shortcut to the same Properties menu item listed under the File menu and appears here for convenience Select Run Properties to display the Properties dialog that lets you set the parameters used by the Aerosol Instrument Manager software to collect sample data The parameters that can be set are described earlier in this chapter Playback Menu The Playback menu appears only when a Sample List window is active on the desktop Its purpose is to allow you to display graphic and table windows in series like a slide show so that you can compare samples or view a series of samples Playback Fc Play Figure 4 10 Playback Menu Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer Refer to Playback Review Data Samples in Chapter 3 for instructions Play Select Playback Play or gt from the toolbar to display the control window for playing the samples you selected First select the time you want each sample displayed full speed 0 5 1 0 2 5 or 5 0 seconds Then select whether to view the samples once or continuously As soon as you select Play Once or Play Continuously the open views for the first sample you selected are displayed for the specified period then the views for the second sample are displayed and so on until all the samples selected have been displayed If you selected Play Continuous from the Playback Setup dialog box the series repeats itself indefinitely Pause
53. erosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer 3 0 25 Number Concentration on 0 5 100 1000 Diameter nm Figure 4 18 Electrical Mobility Diameter Data Displayed in Concentration Weight The Weight menu item appears only when a graph window is active on the desktop This menu item works in conjunction with the Units menu item and lets you choose how to weight the units that are displayed You can select Ve Sample Window Help Units gt Num Weight F y Number Diameter Size Data iara Raw Data d okie Statistics F3 Mass Figure 4 19 Weight Menu The currently selected weight is marked with a check mark Table 4 6 gives an explanation of each unit SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 37 Table 4 6 Weight Options Number Number represents the total number of particles per unit volume of air sampled i e number concentration expressed as cm Number concentration is the primary measurement of the SMPS system The spectrometer is sensitive to the number of particles in the aerosol sample as opposed to the particle mass color shape composition or other characteristic The distributions of diameter surface area volume or mass concentrations of the particles are calculated based on the particle number distribution The number concentration dN measured by the SMPS spectrometer is the concentration of particles in a given channel The normalized number concentration d
54. espect to the electric field Default is parallel orientation Electrical conducting aggregates like diesel exhaust and most ambient ultrafine particles align parallel to the electric field due to interaction of induced The nanoparticle mobility analysis can be applied to previously collected data similar to charge correction and diffusion correction For a detailed discussion on this subject please refer to our application note on Nanoparticle Aggregate Mobility Analysis Appendix H of this manual SMPS Communications Tab The Communications tab Figure 4 7 lets you set up and test the communications port It is only available when you open a new file or when you select Run Connect to the CPC on an open file Table 4 4 describes the fields and parameters of the Communications tab Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer SMPS Properties New Sample Hardware Settings Scheduling Physical Properties Communications Available Connections If avaiable double chck on one of the ports to connect COM10 Figure 4 7 The Communications Tab of the Properties Dialog Table 4 4 Descriptions for the Communications Tab Lists the ports available on your computer system and lets you select the port that is connected to the TSI spectrometer Double Click on a port to attempt a connection Instrument Serial Instrument Type Its Serial Number and the No Version Instrument Firmware version Note Not a
55. eter Diffusion Loss Correction G 3 Determination of P3 Penetration through the connecting tubing was calculated using Gormley and Kennedy s equations for penetration through a circular tube Note Diffusion Loss Correction was designed for use with CPCs in high flow mode where this option is available Determination of P Penetration through each of the Differential Mobility Analyzers Model 3085 and Model 3081 was determined using published data on the transfer functions for these DMAs and was also validated experimentally Determination of P P is the counting efficiency of the CPC and includes penetration inside the CPC activation efficiency and optical detection efficiency Note All of the experiments were performed using air at Standard Temperature amp Pressure STP as the working gas Since diffusion losses are a function of the particle diffusion coefficient D and D is a function of the working gas properties the use of different working gases and or conditions will result in an error in the calculated diffusion loss It is possible to input gas properties in the software to increase the Diffusion Loss Correction accuracy but other working gases and conditions have not been experimentally verified How Does It Work Simply open the SMPS Properties box in the Aerosol Instrument Manager Software and under Correction Flags and Values check the Diffusion Correction box and enter the carrier gas densit
56. factor D particle diameter channel midpoint C total particle counts N total number concentration S total surface area concentration V total volume concentration M total mass concentration Q sample flow rate t sample time p particle density In natural log exp base of natural log e l lower channel boundary u upper channel boundary gTM Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMP Spectrometer APPENDIX D SMPS Software Comparison The calculations performed by the Aerosol Instrument Manager software version of the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS software are essentially the same as those used in the original versions of the Windows operating system SMPS software Some small changes were made that will slightly affect the measurement results as compared to the original Microsoft Windows operating system SMPS software These are Q Cunningham Slip Correction The calculation of the slip correction is given by 0 999 Dp C 1e 20 142 4 558 21 P This calculation is used uniformly throughout the SMPS program In the Windows operating system version of the SMPS software two different equations were used One is used in calculating the particle charge probability table and the other is used in the calculation of particle size Q Boundary Calculations The original Windows operating system SMPS software was not consistent in its use of particle diame
57. g Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS Spectrometer Related Product Literature Q Q Model 3934 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS Spectrometer manual part number 1930081 TSI Incorporated Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS Spectrometer manual part number 1933796 TSI Incorporated Model 3980C macroIMS Macroion Mobility Spectrometer manual part number 1930110 TSI Incorporated Model 390069 Data Merge Software Module manual part number 1930074 TSI Incorporated Series 3080 Electrostatic Classifiers manual part number 1933792 TSI Incorporated Getting Help To obtain assistance for this software or to submit suggestions please contact Particle Instruments TSI Incorporated 500 Cardigan Road Shoreview MN 55126 USA Fax 651 490 3824 Telephone 1 800 874 2811 USA or 651 490 2811 E mail technical serviceQtsi com xi Submitting Comments xii TSI values your comments and suggestions on this manual Please use the comment sheet on the last page of this manual to send us your opinion on the manual s usability to suggest specific improvements or to report any technical errors If the comment sheet has already been used mail or fax your comments on another sheet of paper to TSI Incorporated Particle Instruments 500 Cardigan Road Shoreview MN 55126 Fax 651 490 3824 E mail Address particle tsi com Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS
58. g Y scale and you also have O as the fixed minimum value You cannot have both selected Change Log y scale is invalid because the minimum y scale value is set to 0 one Maximum value must be gt minimum value You have entered a minimum value that is greater than the maximum value Reenter the correct values Mean Free Path cannot be zero Incorrect values were entered in the Properties Physical Properties page Mean Free Path must be lt 1 0 Make sure the Incorrect values were entered in the Properties Physical units are correct Properties page Retrace time must be 10 Error in the Properties Hardware Settings page Sample x will be discarded and cannot be Answer yes if you want to permanently remove the sample recovered Do you want to discard it from the file The CPC efficiency file is missing All 1 s will be used for data correction The CPC is reporting a fault Do you want to start sampling anyway The CPC Model 3022A Inlet Flow Rate applies to all samples in the data file Are you sure you want to change the Inlet Flow Rate The CPC Model applies to all samples in the data file Are you sure you want to change the CPC Model The current td value was set by the user do you want to recalculate using new parameters The user efficiency file is missing All 1 s will be used for data correction The file selected is not a valid SMPS data file The file you have selected is part of a sequence of fi
59. he Model 3080 Classifier the reference gas values from the Physical Properties page of the SMPS Properties dialog are used instead 3 Once you have set up the parameters or verified they are correct close the Properties dialog box and continue with Step C Start Data Collection 4 At this time if connected to the Model 3080 Classifier the software will set the sheath flow rate and bypass flow rate in the classifier to the values selected on the properties dialog It will also set the sheath flow mode to the appropriate value dual or single blower based on the flow selections and will set voltage mode to analog The software will also set the CPC flow rate to the selected high or low value when the CPC has two flow modes Step C Start Data Collection After you have completed the properties dialog data collection begins at the Start At Time you set on the Properties dialog or immediately after you do one of the following Q Select Run Start Data Collection using the menus Q Click on the toolbar Q Double click the New Sample icon in the Samples List window If the model 3080 classifier has been selected the software will read the sheath temperature and absolute pressure from the classifier and will wait for OK status from the classifier before it starts to collect data The software displays the temperature and pressure at the bottom of the graph and tables If the software is not connected to the classifier
60. he Windows desktop b If AutoPlay is not enabled select Run from the Start menu and type D Nautorun where D is the letter corresponding to your CD drive in the Open box and press OK Follow the instructions as the setup program runs When setup is complete you should read the readme htm file This file contains information that could not be included in this manual If you decide not to read the file immediately you can access the file later using a browser such as Windows Internet Explorer browser When the installation program finishes remove the CD ROM and store the CD in a safe place for later use The setup program creates a directory folder called Aerosol Instrument Manager on your hard disk assuming you accepted the default directory name The directory contains the required program files and sample data files The setup program also creates a new item in the Start Menu called TSI and an icon for the Aerosol Instrument Manager software Note Before creating a TSI menu item the setup program checks for an existing one If one is present it adds the icon only Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer CHAPTER 3 Getting Started Aerosol Instrument Manager software version 8 2 includes support for the Model 3080 Electrostatic Classifier If the classifier is connected to the computer via an RS 232 cable the software will read temperature and pressure from the classifier and
61. he two pane layout as shown in Figure 3 7 for a spectrometer file he im wat Manager Sodiam Chiwide kw Paw SO fe Ge ete jum Yew Qe wm Hem O su maga gt b orm x a Tm cnc Dto m Manager 56 Am ond Pro rm Marag 10 Ae ch Vitr ert arag Sodium rde joe Poe Vcl Figure 3 7 Two P ane Layout of an SMPS File All of the program windows that are currently open on the desktop are listed at the bottom of the Window menu under the Close All item To make a window active and bring it to the top of all windows select the name of the window from the list of open windows gTM 3 12 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMP Spectrometer Quit the Program To end the program select File Exit All windows and files open on the desktop are closed If you have made changes to a file and have not yet saved it you will be prompted to do so Getting Started 3 13 This page intentionally left blank Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer CHAPTER 4 SMPS Spectrometer Procedures Before using the information in this chapter read Chapter 3 That chapter provides getting started information to help you understand the basics of how the program works It also includes procedures common to all spectrometers The subsections of this chapter provide Q How To information for collecting sample data with an SMPS spectrometer setting up properties for an SMPS spectrometer a
62. ifferential Mobility Analyzer used in the system HV Polarity This is the polarity of the high voltage controller which is installed on your 3080 classifier A negative high voltage controller is the default configuration and is used to measure positively charged particles with your SMPS spectrometer Your selection must match the polarity of the high voltage controller physically installed in your 3080 According to your selection the Aerosol Instrument Manager software will read the appropriate charge correction file ChargeAim dat for negative high voltage controller or ChargePos dat for positive high voltage controller and apply this to your data Note Do not change this setting without physically changing the high voltage controller installed in your 3080 Refer to the 3080 manual on how to order a positive high voltage controller and how to install it Impactor Type Select the type of impactor used in the system CPC Model and Select the Condensation Particle Counter used in the Flow Rate system and the high or low flow rate for Condensation Particle Counter models 3022A 3025A 3775 and 3776 and for Water based Condensation Particle Counter Models 3787 and 3788 Each model of Condensation Particle Counter differs in concentration range sample flow rate and other specifications To avoid large errors in measured particle distributions make sure the Condensation Particle Counter selected matches the one in your SMPS sys
63. ings Scheduling Physical Properties and Communications Each is described below If this is the first time you have accessed the Properties dialog you will need to set up the parameters before continuing If you have set up the properties before verify they are correct and press OK The following paragraphs describe the settings for each tab of the Properties dialog box Note If you want to use the same settings the next time you opena new file remember to either select File Save Settings As Default or have the File Save Settings on Exit menu item checked after you have completed the Properties dialog Once your settings have been saved the properties dialog will not open automatically when you open a new file Some properties of an existing sample can be changed through the Properties dialog If a common property of multiple samples needs to be changed you can first select the samples and then access the Properties dialog to change the property of all the selected samples SMPS Hardware Settings Tab Use the Hardware Settings tab to specify hardware settings for the SMPS spectrometer The fields on the tab vary depending on the Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer model of classifier and the Differential Mobility Analyzer DMA model of your SMPS spectrometer Figure 4 4 illustrates the tab for the Model 3080 Classifier with a 3085 Nano DMA Table 4 1 describes each of the fields settings You
64. ions Courtesy Lall etal 2006 c Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer Summary and Conclusions References A new method for nanoparticle aggregate mobility analysis for a limiting case of idealized aggregates D lt 2 has been developed This method provides a more accurate estimate of number surface area and volume hence mass distributions of nanoparticle aggregates The nanoparticle aggregate mobility analysis method has been recently incorporated in the Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for TSI Model 3936 series SMPS spectrometer The software module may be used for post processing of collected SMPS data including data previously collected by older versions of Aerosol Instrument Manager software Existing SMPS customers may upgrade their Aerosol Instrument Manager software with the new nanoparticle aggregate mobility analysis module for a nominal fee Note The nanoparticle aggregate mobility analysis software module is compatible with all new and old TSI model 3936 series component SMPS systems however cannot be used with TSI Model 3034 single box SMPS systems Barone T Lall A A Zhu Y Yu R and Friedlander S K 2006 Inertial Deposition of Nanoparticle Chain Aggregates Theory and Comparison with Impactor Data for Ultrafine Atmospheric Aerosols J Nanoparticle Res DOI 10 1007 s11051 006 9128 z In press Chan P and Dahneke B 1981 Free molecule Drag on
65. ith that file If a sequence file is unavailable for example it has been deleted moved or corrupted the software opens the files until it comes to the missing file For example if you try to open a sequence of files that contains seven files and the fourth file is missing only the first three files can be opened Files five six and seven are orphaned These remaining files 5 6 and 7 can only be opened individually not as a sequence Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer APPENDIX F Error Messages This appendix lists the messages you may encounter when using the software and suggests the action you should take Table F 1 Error Messages forSMPS Spectrometer lt file gt already exists Do you want to append The text file selected already exists New exported data will be to it appended to the end of the file O is invalid when using a log y scale You must enter a number greater than zero to proceed O is not valid for the maximum value You must enter a number greater than zero to proceed Aerosol Flow Rate must be gt 0 1 Error in the Properties Hardware Settings page All of the necessary settings have not been Error in the Properties Hardware Settings page selected You cannot exit the hardware settings page until all of the fields are set Cannot calculate a valid size range with the Incorrect values were entered in the Properties Physical current Gas Viscosity and or Mean Free
66. lect sample data After you select New you are prompted to enter a filename Accept the default filename or enter any filename you chose then select OK A Samples List window and a graph window open on the desktop with the filename you entered and you are ready to start collecting data Refer to How to Collect Sample Data for a complete description Note If this is the first time you have selected New you may be required to fill in the Properties dialog before continuing gTM Aerosol Instrument M anager Software for SMP Spectrometer Open Select File Open or amp on the toolbar to open an existing file By default sample files are stored in the same directory as the Aerosol Instrument Manager program All files will automatically be given the appropriate filename extension according to the spectrometer model you are using see above description If you store data files in another directory or on another drive you must first display the file pathname in the Open window before you can select and open it Note When opening files for sample sessions that run past midnight refer to the description of Sequence Files in Appendix E and for information on how the files are opened When the file opens a window opens on the Aerosol Instrument Manager desktop containing data from the first sample in the file You can have many samples and many files open on the desktop at the same time Only one window however is
67. lection The following equations are used to calculate mean free path and gas viscosity pee r 5 N 14 D 1 ad Ps Th i linis A Ag P T N 5 S T h SIT JG A Actual gas mean free path in meters A Reference gas mean free path in meters from Properties dialog T Sample flow temperature in K from Classifier T Reference temperature in K from Properties dialog P Sample flow pressure in kPa from Classifier P Reference pressure in kPa from Properties dialog S Sutherland Constant from Properties dialog V Reference gas viscosity in Pa s from Properties dialog V Actual gas viscosity in Pa s Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer Index concentration SMPS spectrometer 4 36 A absolute pressure 4 46 accelerator keys B 5 Access database SMPS data 4 18 active window 1 2 aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer 1 1 aerosol electrometers 1 1 aerosol flow rate 4 8 aggregate drag H 4 append sample data to SMPS file 4 17 arrange windows 3 12 attention icon 4 46 auto export to database 4 28 auto export to file 4 28 auto connect 4 8 I 1 AutoPlay 2 2 B beginning sample 4 43 bypass flow 4 8 C calculations H 3 calculations used C 1 change how data is displayed 3 3 change SMPS properties 4 4 channel resolution 4 31 charge correction icon 4 46 charging efficiency H 5 circular tube penetration efficiency G
68. les Do you want to view all the files The size range is invalid for the selected Gas Viscosity and or Mean Free Path values Do you want to recompute the size range based on the new values The efficiency file is needed to correctly convert the raw data to raw counts The file needs to be in the same directory as the aim exe file Select OK to continue Incorrect values were entered in the Properties Physical Properties page Incorrect values were entered in the Properties Physical Properties page Incorrect values were entered in the Properties Physical Properties page The efficiency file is needed to correctly convert the raw data to raw counts The file needs to be in the same directory as the aim exe file The imported data file must be from version 3 1 or earlier of the TSI SMPS software You have selected a file that is part of a sequence of files You can select Yes to view all the files or No to view only the file you initially selected Incorrect values were entered in the Properties Physical Properties page The starting hour is invalid Properties Scheduling values are invalid The upper size must be greater than the lower Reenter the values size The User Defined intersample time is less Properties Scheduling values are invalid than the sample length The voltage range is invalid Do Set to Max The voltage range is 10 10 000 for the 3080 classifier and 10 Range 11000 for the 3071 cla
69. ll graphs and or tables The items you can select for windows containing graphs are Window Background Plot Area Background Labels Axis Data Valid Boundaries Channel View Boundaries Impactor Cutoff Line D oO O DO 0 D D 0 ODO Data Hotspot Lines SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 33 The items you can select for windows containing tables are Q Window Background Q Cell Text Q Grid Color Q Cell Background Q Fixed Area Text Font A Select the Format Font menu to change the style and size of the text in all graphs or tables Select Format Font Style to select a new font or change the font style see Figure 4 15 You can select any font and font style available on your computer The preview box lets you see what the text will look like before you implement it by selecting OK Eont Font Style Arial Regular Cancel O Arial Black i T Arial monospaced for SAI O Arial Narrow T BankGothic Lt BT a Sample AaBbYyZz Figure 4 15 The Font Dialog Box To change the font size select Format Font Small Medium or Large the default is Medium To change the text size without using the menus select the X icon from the toolbar Each time you select the icon the text size changes to the next text size Rotation is from small to medium to large Undo Zoom Select Format Undo Zoom to return a graph to its normal viewing size after you have zoomed in on a portion of the graph
70. ll instruments have this information Status Connected if successfully connected or blank if not connected Append Sample Data to an Existing SMPS File To append sample data to an existing SMPS file 1 Open the file that you want to append data to 2 Select Runl Connect to the CPC SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 17 If a connection is not found the Properties dialog opens Select the Communications tab to establish a connection with the SMPS spectrometer s CPC Once there is a valid CPC connection the New Sample icon appears in the Samples List window and the Start Data Collection button is enabled on the toolbar You can then append samples to the data file see Step C Start Data Collection above Data to an Access Database Export SMPS An Access database named Aerosol Instrument Manager mdb is installed during installation in the program directory Before you can export SMPS data to this database however you must first set up the database for use Note Microsoft Access is part of the Microsoft Office software beginning with Office 97 To use the database you must install Microsoft Access on your computer Refer to the documentation that came with the program for the procedure To Set Up the Database 1 From the Windows Start menu select Settings 2 From Settings select Control Panel 3 Select the Data Sources ODBC icon under Administrative Tools and double click o
71. mination T P acer tp ete ert teda s G 4 Determination Of P s t o ce eate ceu s G 4 How Does IEW Ork uie odere dere G 4 When Should Use Diffusion Loss Correction ssssss G 6 UJItrafine P artiCles reete ett ied G 6 Low Flow Rates rensie eS EA A enne enne nnne nns G 6 Free Upgrades sic Rt e ct fee PI dr ea G 6 RiefereriCeS uoi tei e tet E teat Pret Ja eta tec G 7 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer Figures APPENDIX H Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS Spectrometer Nanoparticle Aggregate Mobility Analysis Software Module eene H 1 IntroOdUCtlOTt cce tit cannes tei ef e EG e ette d H 1 Th8ory auia tte P iio E heads ER QU ied Eds H 2 Assumptions Limiting Case of Idealized Aggregates H 2 Calculations soiin pea eben bec o t piede H 3 Module 1 Aggregate Drag cece eee H 4 Module 2 Charging Efficiency ssssssseeem e H 5 Number Surface and Volume Distribution of Aggregates H 6 Software Operation st 2 deor i Ree Ales H 6 Exarfiplez tbe creto en tet ae ain aes H 8 Summary and Conclusions seeren H 9 References ERG m a pb p bep H 9 APPENDIX I Communication with the Electrostatic Classifier Index Model 3080 iiie cer arant xcu na Yr aga auus ae cona Lan ago zEE NK Rd S Ra RR UNE l 1 Reader s Comments 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8
72. mperature and pressure at the bottom of the graph will be displayed as dashed lines Diameter nm New Sample C kPa Density g cc 1 20 Figure 4 27 Status Bar Displaying Dashed Lines gTM Aerosol Instrument M anager Software for SMP Spectrometer APPENDIX A Data Files Project Files and Stored Parameters The Aerosol Instrument Manager software stores data in two types of files data files and project files This appendix describes those files and the parameters stored in them In addition it also describes the parameters stored in the aim ini file Data Files and Project Files The Aerosol Instrument Manager software uses two types of files Q Data files QO Project files Data files contain sample data They have a filename extension to indicate the type of spectrometer from which data was collected such as s80 for an SMPS spectrometer Other information stored in data files includes Information stored for the whole file Classifier model DMA model number and dimensions CPC model CPC 3022A high flow inlet flow rate Reference gas viscosity temperature and pressure Reference mean free path Time file started Oovooco Information stored for each sample Sheath temperature and absolute pressure from Model 3080 Classifier if available Mean free path and gas viscosity calculated from sheath temperature and absolute pressure if available LJ Impactor type A 1
73. mple data that is marked as deleted are not physically deleted from the file until you select File Save or File Close Select As Reference Select Sample Select As Reference to select the current sample as a reference sample This sample can then be subtracted from the current sample or you can divide the current sample by the reference sample Refer to the View menu items above Clear Reference Buffer Select Sample Clear Reference Buffer to clear the reference buffer Select All Select Sample Select All to select highlight all samples in the Samples List window for playback or exporting This item is only available when the Samples List window is the active window Window Menu The Window menu items let you open close and arrange the windows on your desktop Refer to your Windows operating system documentation for an example of what each command does i 2 Pane Layout Ctrl k 4 Pane Layout Ctri L Cascade Tile Horizontal Tile Vertical Close All 1 Statistics Table Outdoor Air S80 2 Size Data Table Outdoor Air 580 3 Size Data Graph Outdoor Air 580 4 SMPS Settings Outdoor Air 580 v 5 SMPS Samples List Outdoor Air S80 Figure 4 24 Window Menu Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer All windows on the desktop whether active or inactive are listed after the Close All command the active window is shown with a check mark To make a different window active and bring
74. n it 4 On the User DSN tab select MS Access Database and then select Add 5 Select Microsoft Access Driver mdb from the Create New Data Source dialog and then press the Finish button 6 Type Aim in the Data Source Name field on the ODBC Microsoft Access Setup dialog then press the Select button 7 Navigate to the Aerosol Instrument Manager mdb file in your installation directory and press OK 8 Press OK on the ODBC Microsoft Access Setup dialog The database is now ready for use See below for a description of the tables in the database Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer To Export Data to the Database 1 Select File Connect to Database Note Only one file can be connected to the database If you want to export data to the database from another file you must disconnect the first file using File Disconnect Database Then you can connect the second file to the database 2 There are two ways to export data The preferred way to export data is to export it while collecting it To do so select RunlAuto Export to Database before you collect data Data is exported as it is collected Do not continue with step 3 If you have already collected the data and want to export it to the database you must continue with step 3 Exporting data from existing files consumes a lot of computer resources and is a slow process 3 Select the sample or samples to be exported as follows
75. nly Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS Spectrometer Nanoparticle Aggregate Mobility Analysis Software Module H 7 Example Figures H 3a c depict the comparison of number surface area and volume based mobility diameter distributions respectively of diesel exhaust aggregates The DMA calibration based on spherical particles is compared with the nanoparticle aggregate model based analysis using Aerosol Instrument Manager software This example shows that the spherical model underestimates the surface area and greatly over estimates the volume hence mass concentrations of diesel nanoparticle chain aggregates The total number concentration based on aggregate model was found to be in good agreement with that measured directly by a CPC Lall et al 2006 c ae dN dlogd cc 18x 10 dA dlog d nm cm Mobility Diameter diy nm TL TT 1000 10 100 000 Mobility Diameter d nm 250x10 200x10 4 2 2 150x10 4 KJ E E 100x10 4 gt a 50x10 4 0 a EE E E 10 100 1000 Mobility Diameter dij nm Figure H 3 Aggregate distribution functions based on standard calibration for spheres Red compared with the distributions based on the idealized aggregate theory Green Primary particle diameter 17 nm aggregate orientation parallel to the electric field a Number Distributions b Surface area distributions and c Volume distribut
76. o the database You are automatically disconnected from the database when you close the file that is connected to the database Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer Properties Select File Properties to set the parameters used by the Aerosol Instrument Manager software to collect sample data The Properties dialog box has four tabs The parameters that can be set for each spectrometer on each tab are described in How to Collect Sample Data earlier in this chapter Save Properties On Exit Select FilelSave Properties On Exit to save the settings in the Properties dialog to the aim ini file when you close a file By default this setting is off When it is selected on it is marked with a checkmark and indicates that each time you close a file that file s properties are stored in the aim ini file and are used as the properties for the next New file Save Properties As Default Select FilelSave Properties as Default if you want the properties currently displayed in the tabs of the Properties dialog to be the default properties next time you open a New file Clear Settings Select File Clear Settings if you want to clear the Hardware settings in the Properties dialog If you clear the hardware settings you must fill in new hardware settings before you can begin collecting data again Each time you select File New the properties dialog box appears The settings are cleared from the aim ini file P
77. ormalized particle size distribution normalized to one decade of particle size This normalized concentration format allows particle size distributions to be compared regardless of the channel resolution dW dlogDp dW x resolution in channels decade W represents the weighting of the distribution which can be N number S surface area V volume or M mass Concentration dW This option displays interval particle size distributions The concentration in any channel represents the concentration within the particle size boundaries for that channel W represents the weighting of the distribution which can be N number S surface area V volume or M mass Concentration This option displays each particle size channel as a percentage of the total particle concentration Cumulative Conc This option displays the particle concentration in a cumulative or summed format Each particle size channel represents the total concentration of particles measured below its upper size boundary Cumulative 96 Conc This option is the same as Cumulative Conc but displayed as a percentage of the total concentration Raw Counts Raw Counts are the lowest level of data representation raw detected particle counts put into channels by size but without any corrections Mapping of particle size within the program can cause single counts to be split across two channels Figure 4 18 shows a data graph from an SMPS spectrometer A
78. oth The bipolar charging efficiency of spheres used in the Aerosol Instrument Manager software is given by the Fuchs charge distribution The charging efficiency of aggregates 77 Wen et aL 1984 is given as y xD ea 2 Where n is the number of elementary charges Np is the median charge number eis the electronic charge kis the Boltzmann s constant T is the absolute temperature Dis the charging equivalent diameter N 10 2aN Du 3 nQN i The median charge number is given by the following equation Sv D kT N Z Np 2 In 2e NZ 4 Where vA is the ion concentration ratio ay is the ion mobility ratio For air this ratio is usually taken to be 1 4 1 6 From equations 1 to 4 the charge distribution for aggregates can be determined as a function of the mobility diameter Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS Spectrometer Nanoparticle Aggregate Mobility Analysis Software Module H 5 Number Surface and Volume Distribution of Aggregates Only a fraction of the charged particles pass through the DMA The true number of spheres or aggregates is obtained by correcting for their charging efficiencies For a given number of spheres or aggregates that are detected at the exit from the DMA per unit volume the true number concentrations of aggregates and spheres will differ because of different charging efficiencies The algorithm used to calculate the number distribution of agg
79. out connecting the software to the classifier You can also connect to or disconnect from the classifier from the Run menu When the properties dialog is opened if the software has succeeded in connecting to the classifier it reads the sheath temperature and absolute pressure from the instrument and uses those values to calculate gas viscosity and mean free path which are used in other calculations If not connected the software will use the reference gas values from the properties dialog instead The software does not read the flow rates from the classifier when the properties dialog is opened so it does not use the values from the instrument to set the values in the dialog When you close the properties dialog the software uses the values from the dialog to set the sheath flow rate and bypass flow rate in the classifier It will set the sheath flow mode to the appropriate value dual or single blower based on the selected flow rates and will set the voltage mode to analog At the start of data collection for each sample if connected to the classifier the software again reads the temperature and pressure from the classifier to use in calculations and displays the temperature and pressure at the bottom of the graph and tables If the values have not been read the temperature and pressure will appear as dashed lines instead The software then waits if necessary for the status flags in the classifier to signal OK before starting data col
80. oves with it To resize a toolbar position the cursor at an edge or corner of the toolbar window that you have moved and resize it as desired Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer ee You can hide a toolbar by selecting the x in the upper right corner Sample Menu The Sample menu lets you navigate through files with multiple samples and select and clear a reference sample Note You can also navigate through files with multiple samples using the Navigation toolbar Seal Window Help Next Sample Alt N Ending Sample Alt E Delete Undelete Sample Del Select 4s Reference Select All ctrl 4 Figure 4 23 Sample Menu Beginning Sample Select Sample Beginning Sample or K from the toolbar to display the data for the first sample of the file in the active window Previous Sample Select Sample Previous Sample or i from the toolbar to display the data for the previous sample of the file in the active window Next Sample Select Sample Next Sample or from the toolbar to display the data for the next sample of the file in the active window Ending Sample Select Sample Ending Sample or from the toolbar to display the data for the last sample of the file in the active window SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 43 4 44 Delete Undelete Sample Select Sample Delete Undelete Sample to mark a sample for deletion or to unmark a sample that has been previously marked for deletion Sa
81. ow that displays the raw data of the active sample Molecular Mass macrolMS spectrometer only Select View Molecular Mass to open a graph of sample data plotted versus molecular mass in kilodaltons Note The Molecular Mass axis is intended for displaying results of macromolecule measurements made using macroIMS spectrometer or Macroion Mobility Spectrometer The macroIMS spectrometer combines the Model 3936N76 or 3936N86 SMPS spectrometer with the Model 3480C Charge reduced Electrospray Ionization ESI Source to generate size and quantify singly charged individual macromolecules from liquid samples The Molecular Mass axis is calculated assuming all particles are spherical with the density defined in the Properties dialog for the instrument The Dalton is a unit equal to one atomic mass unit amu or 1 66057 x 10 27 kg carbon 12 scale Statistics Select View Statistics to open a window of statistical information for the active sample see Figure 4 21 The equations used for calculating the values are described in Appendix C Statistics Table Outdoor Air S80 la E eg Number Diameter Surface Volume Mass _ Particle Size Paten Sze E Particle Size Particle Size Pate Sze Median nm 49 4 163 4 285 28 T i L 3 3 5 398 Geo Mean nm 508 871 158 2545 Mode fom 94 4 299 o eo g aeo 59 5 Figure 4 21 Statistics Table 4 40 Aerosol Instrument Manager Sof
82. pectrometer Start Data Collection With a new file open on the desktop select Run Start Data Collection or e on the toolbar to begin collecting sample data Samples are collected according to the sample length number of Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer samples scheduled times and other parameters set in the tabs of the Properties dialog see earlier in this chapter Note If a start time is set this menu item and its associated icon is disabled Once you select Start Data Collection sampling begins immediately As data is collected it is displayed in the open windows Finish Current Sample Select RunlFinish Current Sample when you want to stop collecting sample data prematurely before the sampling period ends as set in the Properties dialog When you select this item the current sample is allowed to finish before sampling ends Abort Current Sample Select Run Abort Current Sample or Bl from the toolbar when you want to stop collecting sample data immediately When you select this item sampling stops and the data for the current sample is discarded Connect to the CPC Select Run Connect to the CPC if you want to connect an open data file to append more samples to the file If a connection is not found the Properties dialog opens with the Communications tab selected to let you establish a connection with the CPC Once there is a valid CPC connection the New Sample icon appear
83. ple List Te TE ee ee ee ed RET Coy um Pd VL umido end Varum 7 IO E i jp M M es P M P R r aae ia S Data Statistics Instrument S ettings Figure 3 1 The Aerosol Instrument Manager Desktop and Selected Displays Open an Existing File 1 Select Filel Open or 5 on the toolbar The Open Instrument Associated Data Files window opens 2 When the Open Instrument Associated Data Files window appears select the correct extension for the file you want to open in the Files of type box For example for an SMPS spectrometer the file extension is s80 If necessary browse for the drive directory where data files are stored Example files are included with the program and were 3 2 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer installed in the Aerosol Instrument Manager folder when the program was installed 3 Select the data file that you want to open and click Open At least two windows open on the desktop a window containing a graph of the sample data and the Samples List window Figure 3 1 Note If the file has been opened before it may display more than one graph and or table The program remembers the windows that were open on the desktop when you last closed the file and reopens them when you access the file again If the file contains a sequence of samples you will be asked if you want to open all the files or just the one you originally chos
84. ppending sample data to an existing SMPS file exporting SMPS data to a Microsoft Access database Q A description of all menus and menu items available when using the SMPS spectrometer or viewing SMPS data files How To Collect Sample Data There are three steps for collecting sample data Q Step A Open a new SMPS file Q Step B Review change parameters Q Step C Start data collection Note You can append SMPS sample data to an existing file Refer to Append Sample Data to an Existing SMPS File below Before you begin make certain you have connected the CPC to the computer and the spectrometer is running Refer to the appropriate hardware instruction manual if necessary Step A Open a New SMPS File To open a new SMPS File 1 Select File New or n on the toolbar The New Instrument and Associated Data File dialog box Figure 4 1 opens on your desktop 4 1 New Instrument and Associated Data File Look in Aerosol Instrument Manager ftj md Esl a PSL 580 My Recent ji Sodium Chloride low Flow S80 Documents My Network File name AIMT Places Files of type SMPS Data file 580 Cancel NOTE Files of type Selects the Instrument Model and Associated File Extension Enter a New File Name in File name The File Extension Will be Added Automatically Figure 4 1 Selectan SMPS Filename When you Open a New File Note The following s
85. r Software for SMP s Spectrometer Reader s Comments Please help us improve our manuals by completing and returning this questionnaire to the address listed in the About This Manual section Feel free to attach a separate sheet of comments Manual Title Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS Spectrometer P N 1930038 Rev H 1 Was the manual easy to understand and use Yes L No 1 Please identify any problem area s 2 Was there any incorrect or missing information please explain 3 Please rate the manual according to the following features Good Adequate Poor Readability Accuracy Completeness is everything there Organization finding what you need Quality and number of illustrations Quality and number of examples OOOOOO OOOOOO ENE TENG Comments 4 Which part s of this manual did you find most helpful 5 Rate your level of experience with the product C Beginning L Intermediate Expert 6 Please provide us with the following information Name Address Title Company TSI Incorporated 500 Cardigan Road Shoreview MN 55126 U S A USA Tel 1 800 874 2811 E mail particle tsi com Website www tsi com UK Tel 44 149 4459200 E mail tsiukQ tsi com Website www tsiinc co uk France Tel 33 491118764 E mail tsifrance tsi com Website www tsiinc fr Germany Tel 49 241 523030 E mail tsigmbh tsi com Website www tsiinc de
86. r an SMPS Spectrometer gTM 3 10 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMP Spectrometer To Export Data to a File Automatically To export data automatically to a file for use in another program such as Microsoft Excel 1 Establish a connection to the spectrometer by choosing File New or File Open 2 If not already connected select Run Connect to the CPC Note Perform the following step before you start collecting the data 3 Select RunlAuto Export to File Select the type of data you want to export as well as the format you want to export the data in using the Export Parameters dialog box see Figure 3 5 on previous page 4 Select Runl Start Data Collection The data is exported to the file as it is collected continued on next page Microsoft and Excel are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Getting Started 3 11 Arrange Open Windows When you have several windows open on the desktop it is helpful to arrange them for easier viewing To arrange windows select an item from the Window menu You can arrange windows on your desktop horizontally vertically have them cascade or arrange them in a predetermined auto fit 2 pane or 4 pane layout Refer to your Windows documentation for examples and more information for tile horizontal tile vertical and cascade layouts Press the Lm button or Ctrl L in the toolbar for the four pane layout or press the zu button or Ctrl K for t
87. rates and particle size range Generally longer scan times provide better data while decreasing the scan time results in a decrease of the particle size accuracy of the SMPS system Accuracy decreases for three reasons 1 smearing effects caused by the response time of the CPC 2 the increased dependence on the exact value of td and 3 the increase in granularity of the data Typically a 120 second Up Scan and a 15 second Retrace Scan default values provide adequate accuracy and are a good starting point Use a shorter scan time 30 seconds for measurements in which the aerosol changes substantially during the sample period Use a longer scan time for measurements in which there is a low concentration and a high particle size accuracy is desired Down Scan First Select this box to perform a down retrace scan first The box is available only for the Classifier Model 3071 SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 9 Setting Description o Cylindrical DMA These options are available only if you select the Measurements Custom DMA model Enter the dimensions for your cm DMA Cylindrical DMA Measurements cm Length 44 369 Inner Radius 0 937 Outer Radius 1 951 When the Model 3080 Electrostatic Classifier is selected and connected the software reads the sheath temperature and the absolute pressure from the instrument and uses those values to calculate gas viscosity and mean free path which are used in other c
88. re kPa of the reference gas Set to Defaults Press this button to enter default values for the Gas for Air Viscosity Mean Free Path Temperature Pressure and Sutherland Constant fields Particle Density Enter the particle density in g cc of the aerosol This value is used in the calculation of mass distributions Default 1 2 g cc Multiple Charge If this box is selected a checkmark indicates it is Correction selected it enables a mathematical correction for particles with multiple charges see below Diffusion If this box is selected a checkmark indicates it is Correction selected it enables a mathematical correction for diffusion losses Enter the carrier gas density This will be used in the calculation of the Diffusion Correction See below and Appendix G for more information Nanoparticle If this box is selected a checkmark indicates it is Aggregate selected it enables a mathematical analysis of Mobility Analysis mobility data for nanoparticle aggregates Enter the Primary Particle Diameter and the Orientation This information will be used in the calculations See below and Appendix H for more information Note The upgrade version of the SMPS Software AIM3936 does not support this feature Title Enter a title to identify the sample Instrument ID The instrument ID is a string used to identify the hardware from which the sample was collected Comment Enter any comments you want to keep with the s
89. re file not to each individual window Q Q Q Q Multiple charge correction View range Channel resolution Reference sample number and the way data is viewed compared to the reference buffer Playback delay time Current sample index the sample number of the sample you were viewing when you exited the program Saved Parameters The following parameters are stored for the Aerosol Instrument a a a Manager application and are applied to all documents Font and color for tables Font and color for graphs Aerosol Instrument Manager window size and position The following two items are also stored according to the instrument type selected a a Window positions the last time a file was closed Parameters from each different instrument Properties dialog box Data Files Project Files and Stored Parameters A 3 A 4 This page intentionally left blank Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMP gTM Spectrometer APPENDIX B Accelerator Keys Accelerator keys are those keys and key combinations that allow you to perform operations using only your keyboard no mouse required These are the accelerator keys that can be used with your spectrometer F F F4 F Shift F5 F6 Shift F6 F10 Shift F10 Alt B Ctrl A Ctrl C Alt E Ctrl K Ctrl L Alt N Ctrl N Ctrl O Alt P Ctrl P Ctrl R Ctrl S Arrange windows in 4 pane layout B 1 B 2 This page intentionall
90. regates n from DMA mobility data is identical to the one used for spheres except aggregate charge distribution described in equation 2 is used instead of Fuchs charge distribution Wang and Flagan 1990 describes in detail the data inversion algorithm used in the Aerosol Instrument Manager software to derive number based size distributions The surface area distribution A with respect to the mobility diameter can be obtained from number distribution for aggregates from the expression A joo Ain N agg d N d 4zza 5 agg Similarly the volume distribution V with respect to the mobility diameter can be obtained from the expression V d 2n agg sm agg 4 N d 47a 13 6 The theory of idealized aggregates has been experimentally verified by Lall et al 2006 b Software Operation H 6 The nanoparticle aggregate mobility analysis module is a part of the Aerosol Instrument Manager software for Model 3936 series SMPS spectrometer The user may select the nanoparticle aggregate mobility analysis by checking the appropriate box in the physical parameters tab of the software The physical parameters tab is located in the Properties section under both the File and Run menus This may be done either before or after data collection To revert back to spherical analysis method the user needs to uncheck the box This type of user interface facilitates comparison of both types of data dat
91. rence time for the program is the time at which your computer is set Trigger File Specify a file name only not a complete pathname of a text file This file when updated in the same directory where Aerosol Instrument Manager is installed will act as a trigger to start SMPS sampling For example specify trigger txt in the edit box When you wish to trigger the sampling to begin create or update the file trigger txt in the Aerosol Instrument Manager directory Note the contents of this file are not read Files of Sample Sessions That Run Past Midnight The files for sample sessions that run past midnight are handled differently than those that start and stop on the same date In this case a sequence of files is created with each file in the sequence given a unique filename identifying its proper order Appendix E provides a complete description of sequence files including how to access a file that is part of a sequence SMPS Physical Properties Tab Use the Physical Properties tab Figure 4 6 to specify the physical properties of the sample provide a title for the sample and enter any comments about the sample that you want to keep with the file gTM 4 12 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMP Spectrometer Table 4 3 describes the fields of the Physical Properties tab SMPS Properties New Sample Hardware Settings Scheduling Physical Properties Reference Gas Properties Gas Viscosity ka
92. rint amp l Select File Print to print the active window on the desktop in a report format If you want to preview the output before printing it select File Print Preview or l Refer to your Windows operating system documentation for information about the Print dialog box Print Preview To avoid printing something you don t want select File Print Preview to see what your printed output will look like before selecting Print SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 25 Print Setup Select File Print Setup to set up the printer for printing Refer to your Windows operating system documentation and your printer s documentation for information about setting the printer parameters List of Recently Accessed Files Between the Printer Setup and Exit menu items is a list of the most recently accessed data files a maximum of four files is displayed These are accessed from the menu by selecting Filel1 2 3 or 4 The list provides a shortcut to these files so you can bypass the Open command To open one of the files listed use the mouse to highlight it and then click the left mouse button The file opens on the desktop Exit Select File Exit to end the program Run Menu The items available under the Run menu are used to start and stop data collection Run Playback Format View Sample Wir Connect to the CPC Connect to Classifier 3080 Properties Ctrl R Figure 4 9 Run Menu for an SMPS S
93. rom DMA mobility data Mobility data a Primary particle radius Scanning Mobility P article Sizer SMPS Spectrometer Nanoparticle Aggregate Mobility Analysis Software Module H 3 Module 1 Aggregate Drag H 4 Consider an aggregate composed of N particles of radius aand a spherical particle of diameter d both with unit charge If the two have same migration velocity then by equating the drag forces we get d 7 c Na m C d 3z 1 Where C is the slip correction c is the dimensionless drag force and 4 is the mean free path of the gas The value of c is 6 62 Chan and Dahneke 1981 for aggregates oriented parallel to the direction of motion relative to gas and 9 17 Dahneke 1982 for aggregates oriented perpendicular to the direction of motion The method holds well for N gt 10 For aggregates with D lt 2 using equation 1 the number of primary particles in an aggregate with primary particle size in the free molecular regime can be related to the diameter of a sphere even in the transition regime Kn 1 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer Module 2 Charging Efficiency The charging efficiency is the fraction of the particles of a given size that have a certain number of charges at equilibrium The fraction of spheres and aggregates that assume unit charge after bipolar charging in general differ Expressions for calculating the charge distributions are needed for b
94. rt file 3 10 Export Parameters screen 3 9 export SMPS data to Access database 4 18 extensions for SMPS spectrometer 4 2 F file menu 4 22 clear settings 4 25 close 4 23 connect to classifier 3080 4 27 connect to database 4 24 disconnect database 4 24 disconnect from classifier 3080 4 28 exit 4 26 export to database 4 24 export to file 4 24 import 4 24 list of recently accessed files 4 26 new 4 22 open 4 23 print 4 25 print preview 4 25 print setup 4 26 properties 4 25 save 4 23 save as 4 24 save properties as default 4 25 save properties on exit 4 25 file parameters A 1 flow rate 4 8 font 4 34 Font dialog box 4 34 format menu 4 29 channel resolution 4 30 color 4 32 font 4 34 style 4 34 graph type 4 31 grid lines 4 32 undo zoom 4 34 view boundaries 4 31 Y axis 4 30 format menu for SMPS graph 4 30 G gas viscosity 4 13 equation I 2 Graph Color dialog box 4 33 graph toolbar 4 42 grid lines 4 32 H hardware settings tab descriptions 4 7 Help menu 4 45 4 46 HV polarity 4 8 l J icons playback 3 4 3 5 status bar 4 46 impactor geometric cut point 4 15 Index 2 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMP impactor type 4 8 impactor D 4 15 inlet flow rate 4 8 installation 2 2 procedure 2 1 requirements 2 1 instrument ID SMPS Spectrometer 4 14 introduction 1 1 K key arrow 3 6 keys accelerator B 5 kilodaltons 4 40
95. s in the Samples List window and the Start Data Collection button is enabled on the toolbar You can then append samples to the data file Disconnect from the CPC Select Run Disconnect from the CPC to disconnect an open file from the CPC and stop collecting samples You cannot append samples to a file unless it is connected to the CPC Once the CPC is disconnected the New Sample icon is removed from the Samples List window and the Start Data Collection button KJ is disabled Connect to Classifier 3080 Select Run Connect to Classifier 3080 to open a connection between the software and the classifier SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 27 Disconnect from Classifier 3080 Select Run Disconnect from Classifier 3080 to close the connection between the software and the classifier Auto Export to File Select Run Auto Export to File to automatically export the data as it is collected to a file When you select this menu item an Export Dialog box opens Select the type of data you want to automatically export then press OK Note You cannot auto export raw data or export data in columns See Export Data to a File Auto Export to Database Select Run Auto Export to Database to automatically export the data as it is collected to the Access database See To Export Data to the Database earlier in this chapter for a description of how to export SMPS data to the database Properties This menu it
96. s 4 41 4 42 Sample Reference Select View Sample Reference to view the current sample divided by the reference sample This menu item is not available if no sample has been selected as a reference using Sample Select as Reference Sample Reference is only allowed for the following units Concentration dW dW dlogDp and Cumulative Conc Note Statistics are not calculated for this option All fields in the table will be blank Copy Select View Copy or Bal from the toolbar to copy the active window so that you can paste it in other applications for example a word processing program Toolbars Select View Toolbars to display or hide the toolbars that appear on the desktop Each toolbar is illustrated below Da HRS mm Main Toolbar gt AX Color and Font Toolbar Zn bu la L LEBI L L Li Graph Toolbar i LI 9 gt gt x Navigation Toolbar The Data Merge icon rw appears on the main toolbar if the appropriate software has been installed See Chapter 2 Installing the Software for more information By default only the Main and Navigation toolbars are displayed To view what each icon tool does position the cursor on the icon A balloon appears describing the function of the icon Toolbars can be moved and resized if desired To move a toolbar position the cursor on a gap between two tools and press and hold the left mouse button As you move the mouse the toolbar m
97. scribes the various functions available for an SMPS through the menus on the Aerosol Instrument Manager desktop The Menus include File Run Playback Format View Sample Window and Help Which menus are available depends on the operation you are currently performing on the desktop In addition to the menus a toolbar located just beneath the desktop menus is available to provide shortcuts to many of the functions in the menus You can hide the toolbar if you want to enlarge the desktop see the description of the View Menu below Note All menus and menu items are described below Depending on the operation you are currently performing and the window that is active on the desktop the menu may appear different than shown i e some menu items may not be available SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 21 File Menu The items of the File menu are used to open save and recall files and perform other program operations m Run Playback Format View Sample Wir New Ctrl N Open ctrl O Close Save As Import Export To File Connect to Database Properties Ctrl R Save Properties On Exit Save Properties As Default Print Setup 1 CADew AimiTesk 11 580 2 C Dev AIM 8 2 0 aim AIM1 C87 3 C Devi AIM 8 2 0 4im 4IM18 580 4 C Dev AIM 8 2 0 4im 4IM17 580 Exit Figure 4 8 File Menu for an SMPS Spectrometer New Select File New or jm on the toolbar to open a new file and prepare to col
98. ssifier This sample is the Reference sample Do you Select OK to discard the sample want to discard the sample Unable to create the graph control The graph control OCX is not registered properly on your system Contact TSI for support gTM F 2 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMP Spectrometer Up Scan time must be at least 2 Retrace time Error in the Properties Hardware Settings page Upper channel boundary must be larger than You have selected a channel boundary for the upper channel lower channel boundary that is lower than the channel boundary for the lower channel You must select a channel boundary that is higher than the lower channel You cannot close while writing to the Wait until the data is written to the database and then close database the file You must enter a maximum value You must enter a maximum value to proceed You must enter a minimum value You must enter a minimum value to proceed Error Messages F 3 F 4 This page intentionally left blank Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer APPENDIX G Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS Spectrometer Diffusion Loss Correction Why Are Diffusion Losses Important in the SMPS Spectrometer To understand why we need a Diffusion Loss Correction it is necessary to recall three facts 1 When aerosol particles collide with a surface they adhere due to van der Waals force electrostatic force and surface
99. system A hard drive large enough to accommodate Windows the Aerosol Instrument Manager software and data files Note The amount of disk space required depends on the number of samples you collect the amount of information collected and the sampling period After you have collected a number of samples you may want to look at the file size to estimate how much storage space you will be using A CD ROM drive Pentium is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation Microsoft Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation 2 1 Installation 2 2 256 MB or more of random access memory RAM A mouse An RS 232 serial interface port or a USB port for each instrument connected in addition to the one that may be required for the mouse USB connections are available for Series 3770 CPCs and Series 3780 particle counters Note Three Series 3770 CPCs can be connected using USB to collect data simultaneously A Microsoft Windows operating system compatible printer is optional Install the Aerosol Instrument Manager software as follows 1 Shut down exit all programs applications on the Windows desktop With the computer on and Windows operating system running insert the Aerosol Instrument Manager CD ROM in your CD drive to run the autorun exe from the CD a If AutoPlay is enabled on your PC the setup program will begin automatically and the introduction screen is displayed on t
100. t File Properties Scheduling means you should click on the File menu then select the Properties item and then select the Scheduling tab Q The term active window is used to refer to the window that is open on the desktop and is in focus To verify which window is active select the Window menu and note which item has a checkmark by it You can make a window active by moving the pointer to that window and clicking the mouse button 1 2 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer CHAPTER 2 Installing the Software This chapter describes the installation requirements for the Aerosol Instrument Manager software and the installation procedure Note If the Data Merge software is being used with the Aerosol Instrument Manager software it should be installed as listed C Program Files tsi Data Merge Software Module DataMerge exe When installed correctly Aerosol Instrument Manager software activates the data merge software and the Data Merge icon appears JN on the main toolbar For more information on the Data Merge software please refer to the Model 390069 Data Merge Software Module manual P N 1930074 Installation Requirements To use this software we recommend a personal computer with the following minimum features components and software Q Q a A Pentium 586 processor or higher A SVGA color monitor Microsoft Windows XP Windows Vista or Windows 7 32 bit operating
101. tem Inlet Flow Rate This option only appears when a Model 3022A L min Condensation Particle Counter with a high flow rate is selected Enter the inlet flow rate of the Condensation Particle Counter The value must be in the range 1 to 2 Aerosol Flow Enter the aerosol flow rate for the DMA The value Rate L min should be in the range 2 to 2 0 Sheath Flow Enter the sheath flow rate for the DMA The value Rate L min should be in the range 2 to 20 Bypass Flow Optional bypass flow in L min The use of bypass flow requires special flow plumbing See the Classifier Model 3080 manual to set up the flow plumbing If not using bypass flow set this value to 0 0 td s td is the time for the aerosol to flow through the sample column of the classifier and the connection tubing between the DMA and the Condensation Particle Counter which is assumed to be 10 inches long Although you can enter a value for td 0 to 10 seconds it is recommended that you use the value calculated from the hardware settings gTM Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMP Spectrometer Setting Description The tab shows the tf in seconds of your SMPS spectrometer tf is the calculated time for the aerosol to flow through the sample column of the classifier The calculation of tf is based on the classifier s sheath air flow rate the polydisperse aerosol flow rate and the geometry of the classifier D50 nm The tab shows the D cut point for
102. tension 2 Diffusion is the primary transport mechanism for particles smaller than 0 1 pm 100 nm 3 The smaller the particle the more rapid the diffusion Thus if an aerosol particle diffuses to the wall of its measurement flow path there will be diffusion losses and the measured size distribution will under represent small particles Since the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS spectrometer measures particles in the size range of 2 5 nm 1000 nm diffusion losses are unavoidable They are however quantifiable Diffusion losses are frequently characterized in terms of penetration P through a tube P Nin Penetration is a function of the particle diffusion coefficient D length of the tube L and volumetric flow rate Q The Diffusion coefficient D is affected by temperature gas medium and particle diameter Circular Tube Penetration Efficiency 1 0 0 9 4 0 8 4 0 7 4 0 6 4 0 5 4 0 4 4 Penetration 0 3 4 0 2 4 0 1 4 0 0 0 00001 0 0001 0 001 pz 0 01 0 1 1 Q Figure G 1 Circular Tube Penetration Efficiency Gormley and Kennedy 1949 Note that the diffusion loss through a tube for a fixed volumetric flow rate is not a function of tubing diameter The additional distance the particles must travel to the walls in a wider tube is offset by a longer residence time How Can You Characterize Diffusion Losses in the SMPS Spectrometer G 2 The Scanning Mobility
103. tep must be performed before you start collecting data 2 Select a filename and optionally a location other than the Aerosol Instrument Manager folder The default name is AIMI for the first file you open AIM2 for the second file you open and so on You can accept the default name or enter any name you choose 3 Verify that the Files of Type box indicates the correct extension for the spectrometer you are using S80 for an SMPS spectrometer You do not need to enter an extension in the filename box It is assigned automatically 4 Click the Open button 4 2 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer 5 If the Model 3080 Classifier is currently selected and auto connect is selected the software will attempt to connect to the classifier at this time first using the current default COM port selection for this instrument and next trying the other available Com ports If the attempt to connect fails the CLASSIFIER Model 3080 Communications dialog will appear allowing you to select the COM port Figure 4 2 This is separate from the dialog that allows you to select the COM port for the CPC That dialog is found on the Communications page of the Properties dialog You can select the correct port by double clicking on the port name e g COMI or click the Cancel button if not using the Model 3080 Classifier or if planning to run the software without connecting to the classifier Figure 4
104. ter boundaries versus diameter midpoints when calculating the starting and stopping voltages for the measurement scan This small inconsistency has been corrected in the Aerosol Instrument Manager software and the measurement scan now correctly starts at the lower boundary of the first channel to be measured and ends at the upper boundary of the last largest diameter channel Both programs calculate the measurement scan range based on channels binned to 64 channels per decade of particle size Q Constants The value for mean free path was changed from 6 53e 8 m to 6 65e 8 m The value for gas viscosity was changed from 1 834e 5 to 1 8203e 5 Both of these parameters can be adjusted in the properties dialog of the Aerosol Instrument Manager SMPS software D 1 Q Round off Error on Starting Voltage It was discovered that the starting and stopping voltage scanning parameters delivered to the CPC were truncated rather than properly rounded off to the appropriate value This has little effect on the stopping voltage value which is typically large compared to the truncation error However at the stating voltage which can be as low as 10 volts the truncation error is significant While the new SMPS software now properly rounds the result the CPC continues to take only integer values of voltage as parameters so some error still exists When possible the user should use higher flow rates and a smaller DMA such as the Model 3085 Nano DMA
105. the active window Close Select File Close or ry to close a file and all the windows associated with it If there are windows open on the desktop from more than one file Close will close only those windows associated with the file whose window is currently active If you attempt to close a file that has been changed but not saved you will be prompted to save the changes before closing the file If you have marked a sample or samples for deletion but have not saved the file you will get the following message Some samples have been marked for deletion Do you want them permanently removed If you click Yes the sample files marked for deletion are permanently deleted If you click No the samples marked for deletion are not deleted They are saved and are no longer marked for deletion Save Select File Save or fal on the toolbar to save sample data to a file If you have marked a sample or samples for deletion but have not saved the file you will get the following message Some samples have been marked for deletion Do you want them permanently removed If you click Yes the sample files marked for deletion are permanently deleted If you click No the samples marked for deletion are not deleted They are saved and are no longer marked for deletion SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 23 Save As Select File Save As to save data in an existing file to a new filename The file contents are duplicated to
106. the impactor at the inlet of your SMPS spectrometer The D cut point is the 5096 cut point diameter of the impactor It changes if you change the size of the impactor or the polydisperse aerosol flow rate Size Range Enter the minimum and maximum size range to be Bounds sampled using the pull down lists The minimum Diameter and maximum size limits are determined by the DMA flow rates of your system You can select the particle diameter range to view with this option but choose new flow rates will change the available particle diameter sampling range Set to Max Range Select this button to automatically set the Size Range Bounds to the maximum range based on the current DMA and flow settings Calculation is based on Max and Min voltages vmin 10 and vmax 10 000 for the 3080 classifier vmin 10 and vmax 211 000 for the 3071 classifier Voltage Range Displays the voltage range based on the size range selection Scan Time Enter the Scan Up and Scan Retrace times in seconds Scan Up time is the period during which the classifier center rod voltage is exponentially increasing in magnitude Size distribution data is sampled during Scan Up The Scan Up range is 20 to 300 At the start of the Scan Retrace time period the classifier voltage is reset to its initial voltage The Scan Retrace range is 10 to 300 Scan time selection depends on several factors including desired particle size accuracy CPC response time flow
107. the new filename If you want to delete the original filename use Windows Internet Explorer browser to do so After you select Save As you can select a drive directory You can use the same filename if you save the file to another drive directory but if you want to save the file to the same directory you must give it a new name Do not add the filename extension It is added automatically when you select Save Import Select File Import to import data into the program from previous versions of the software For example to import a file from the SMPS spectrometer version 3 x or earlier navigate to the directory that contains the SMPS file and select the file you want to import Export to File Select File Export to File to export data either a single sample or multiple samples of a file for use in another program Data is exported in a delimited text file Refer to Export Data to a File in Chapter 3 for information Export to Database Select File Export to Database to automatically export data to a Microsoft Access database Refer to information provided earlier in this chapter Connect to Database Select File Connect to Database to connect the currently active file to the database Only one file at a time can be connected to the database Disconnect Database Select File Disconnect Database to disconnect the file from the database You cannot disconnect from the database while data is being written t
108. tion gt view Boundaries Graph Type gt Grid Lines gt Format view Sar Large Icons Color Font gt Small Icons List v Detail A B Figure 4 11 Format Menu for an SMPS File A When a Graph Window is Active B When a Samples List Window is Active Y Axis This menu item is available only when a graph window is active on the desktop Select Format Y Axis to select the way the Y axis is displayed see Figure 4 12 By default the graphs display in normal auto scale You can select Auto or Fixed scale and either log or normal scale To display in logarithmic scale check the Log Scale box If you select Fixed Scale you must enter a minimum and or maximum number you do not need to enter both C Auto Scale Log Scale Fixed Minimum Cancel Figure 4 12 The Y Axis Dialog Box Channel Resolution Select Format Channel Resolution to select the displayed resolution of the measurement The values 4 8 16 32 and 64 channels decade describe the resolution in terms of the number of particle size channels of uniform geometric width per decade of Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer particle size A large number of particle counts during a sample allows the use of high resolution display i e 64 decade Low count statistics make high resolution displays noisy Lower resolution displays average adjacent channels reducing the statistical variation The ac
109. tion install directory Figure 4 5 Scheduling Tab of the Properties Dialog for an SMPS Spectrometer Table 4 2 Descriptions for the SMPS Scheduling Tab Scan Up Displays the value selected in the Hardware Settings tab Retrace Displays the value selected in the Hardware Settings tab Scans per Sample Enter the number of scans you want to take per sample Number of Samples This is the total number of samples you want to collect The maximum value allowed is 65535 Total Sample Time This field is calculated by the software and shows the total sample time based on the values you entered in the previous boxes The value is displayed in hours minutes and seconds Scheduled Select Only Once to collect one set of samples For continuous monitoring select Repeat Every and then select the hours and minutes between samples The intersample time should be longer than the Total Sample Time to include the overhead time that is needed for file handling SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 11 Start At Time If you don t check this box sampling begins as soon as you select Start Data Collection If you want to select a start time check the box and enter the clock time at which you want sampling to begin The program uses a 12 hour or 24 hour clock depending on how your PC is set up If your PC is set up to use a 12 hour clock you must indicate if the time is am or pm by unchecking the PM box or checking the PM box The refe
110. tmosphere 2 s80 and the next file would be Atmosphere 3 S80 and so on These files contain information to link them when opened and the files can be recalled as if they were a single file The files may also be selected and opened as individual files When you save the samples collected during a sample session that runs past midnight you provide a filename just as you would for any sample session You do not provide any extensions The software automatically adds a file extension E 1 E 2 Opening a File That is Part of a Sequence If you select File Open and the file is part of a sequence of files i e the sample session ran over midnight the following dialog box appears File Question 3 The file you have selected is part of a sequence of files Do you want to view all the files Figure E 1 File Question Dialog Box You have the option of opening all the files or only a single one If you select No only the file you have selected will open and only the samples in that file will be available to you If you select Yes all files in the sequence will open and the samples from the entire session are available as if you had opened a single file Note If you select View Samples List Details you can see the pathname for each sample When you open a sequence of files the software looks for the first file of that sequence i e the one with the s80 extension and opens all files in sequence beginning w
111. tream flowing through a cylindrical tube Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 52A 163 169 Chen D R Pui D Y H Hummes D Fissan H Quant F R and Sem G J 1998 Design and Evaluation of a Nanometer Aerosol Differential Mobility Analyzer Nano DMA Journal of Aerosol Science 29 497 509 Birmili W Stratmann F Wiedensohler A Covert D Russell L M and Berg O 1997 Determination of Differential Mobility Analyzer Transfer Functions Using Identical Instruments in Series Aerosol Science and Technology 27 215 223 Reineking A and Porstend rfer J 1986 Measurements of Particle Loss Functions in a Differential Mobility Analyzer TSI Model 3071 for Different Flow Rates Aerosol Science and Technology 5 483 486 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer Spectrometer Diffusion Loss Correction G 7 G 8 This page intentionally left blank Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer Introduction APPENDIX H Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS Spectrometer Nanoparticle Aggregate Mobility Analysis Software Module Urban ultrafine atmospheric aerosol and particle emissions from combustion sources such as diesel engines are typically low fractal dimension aggregates D lt 2 composed of spherical primary particles with diameter 5 50 nm The nanoparticle aggregates are also present in several nanomaterial production processes such as manufacturing carbon black tit
112. tual resolution of the SMPS spectrometer is ultimately limited by the DMA the sheath to aerosol flow ratio and particle diffusion View Boundaries Select Format View Boundaries to display the View Boundaries dialog box as shown below Use the dropdown boxes to select the upper and lower boundaries of the data s size range that will be viewed Data is displayed between the selected boundaries and statistics are computed based on the range of data between the boundaries Select Max View to include all data In the graph window you can drag view boundaries by positioning the cursor on the boundary you want to change clicking the left mouse button and dragging the view boundary to the new location If the View Range Valid Range box is checked the boundaries cannot be changed View Boundaries Lower Upper 13 8 Max View 749 9 Figure 4 13 View Boundaries Dialog Box Graph Type Select Format Graph Type to select the type of graph to display in the active window The options are bar line or area If the Graph toolbar is visible you can select the option using the appropriate icon lut Display graphs using bars la Display graphs using lines la Display graphs showing area SMPS Spectrometer Procedures 4 31 Grid Lines Select Format Grid Lines to select the lines for the graph in the active window The options are horizontal vertical both or none If the Graph toolbar is visible you can select
113. tware for SMPS Spectrometer Settings Select View Settings to display the Properties settings for the SMPS spectrometer sample that is active on the desktop as shown in Figure 4 22 SMPS Settings Sodium Chloride low flow S80 Title Classifier Model DMA Model Impactor cm CPC Model DMA Sheath Flow Ipm 3 Instrument ID DMA Aerosol Flow ipm 0 Lower Size nm CPC Inlet Flow Ipm Upper Size nm Low Voltage V Particle Density g cc High Voltage V Multiple Charge Correction Gas Viscosity kg m s 1 8203e 005 td s Mean Free Path m amp 6500e 008 tf s Down Scan First Impactor D50 nm Scan Up Time s DMA Inner Radius cm Retrace Time s DMA Outer Radius cm Number of Samples DMA Characteristic Length cm 44 369 Scans Per Sample Figure 4 22 Select Settings to Display SMPSTM Settings for the Sample Sample Select View Sample to view the current sample selected in the Samples List window Reference Select View Reference to view the reference buffer selected with Sample Select as Reference Sample Reference Select View Sample Reference to view the current sample minus the reference sample This menu item is not available if no sample has been selected as a reference using Sample Select as Reference Sample Reference is only allowed for the following units Concentration dW dW dlogDp and Cumulative Conc SMPS Spectrometer Procedure
114. u iier Peine 4 28 Format MENU ioter eee rne nte aree re eR Do EP Ye 4 29 View Mefili eh eie Eh eerie o he E N edt 4 35 Sample Menu itcr ettet ie tree atl nr eec 4 43 Window Ments iie dan t teinte ok ie 4 44 Help Menu o hme dqau esee 4 45 Stat s Bar I6Oons ooi cetera tim ee iet rne RE Ed 4 46 APPENDIX A Data Files Project Files and Stored Parameters A 1 Data Files and Project Files sssseennm nn A 1 Project File Parameters sssssee memes A 2 Saved Paramelers ect rie ee Ce n ee Pat nae e id A 3 APPENDIX B Accelerator Keys eren nnne nnns B 1 APPENDIX C Calculations Used for SMPS Spectrometer C 1 APPENDIX D SMPS Software Comparison e D 1 APPENDIX E Sequence Files ereernrnernne nnn nnn nnno E 1 Opening a File Thatis Part of a Sequence E 2 APPENDIX F Error Messages ene nennen nnn nnn F 1 APPENDIX G Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS Spectrometer Diffusion Loss Correction G 1 Why Are Diffusion Losses Important in the SMPS Spectromieler s ite teo tite dte aki Glace Dc d Pee G 1 How Can You Characterize Diffusion Losses in the SMPS Spectromeler oe reete rp da rine ride Ra apa G 2 Determination Of P y tatu ite ete ite aera ia dc Po t nude G 3 Determination of Paa a a nennen G 3 Determination OT Pavesi tecto m eoe crece or p e Ee EE voe nda ud G 4 Deter
115. volume mass distributions based on certain assumptions The basic assumptions used in the calculations are as follows 1 Aggregates are composed of primary particles all of which have the same known diameter 2 The primary particles that compose the aggregates are much smaller than the mean free path of the surrounding gas Kn 1 3 The total surface area of an aggregate can be obtained by summing over all primary particles in the aggregate This is the maximum surface area which neglects the reduction due to necks between the primary particles 4 Aggregates are transparent that is nearly all surfaces are directly exposed to collisions with molecules of a surrounding gas This is an acceptable approximation for aggregates with fractal dimensions less than about two 5 Two singly charged particles an aggregate and a sphere trace the same path in the classifier if their migration velocities are Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer equal Both are said to have the same mobility diameter The Brownian diffusive spread is neglected 6 Only ultrafine aerosol particles enter the mobility analyzer Larger particles are removed by a device e g an impactor upstream of the SMPS spectrometer Calculations The nanoparticle aggregate mobility analysis method is organized into a two module approach as shown in Figure 1 for calculating aggregate number surface area and volume distributions f
116. y the default value is the density of air Note The correction can be toggled on and off and can be applied to previously collected data similar to Charge Correction G 4 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer SMPS Properties New Sample Hardware Settings Scheduling Physical Properties Reference Gas Properties Gas Viscosity kg m s 1 83245e 005 Set to Defaults for Air Mean Free Path m fE 73e 008 Sutherland Constant K 110 4 Temperature K 296 15 Pressure kPa 101 3 Particle Density g cc 1 2000 r Correction Flags and Values I Multiple Charge Correction Diffusion Correction Nanoparticle Aggregate Mobility Analysis it Paralle Title Air ten feet vertical from exhaust Instrument ID SMPS Comment 3 00 am Figure G 3 SMPS Properties Box Screen of Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for the SMPS Spectrometer Note Diffusion Loss Correction was designed and validated for use with the Model 3080 Classifier Platform only Below is a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer Spectrometer SMPS data file of outdoor air illustrating Diffusion Loss Correction Diffusion losses are highly dependent on sample flow rate and particle size This data was taken using a very low flow rate so it is close to a worst case scenario Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer Spectrometer Diffusion Loss Correction G 5 7 Size Data Graph Outdoor Air S80 0 x
117. y left blank Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS Spectrometer APPENDIX C Calculations Used for SMPS Spectrometer This appendix gives an explanation of the statistics calculations used by the Aerosol Instrument Manager Software The statistics are calculated for the interval defined by the upper and lower bounds selected from the graphs which are not necessarily the entire size range of the instruments Statistic Weight Number Surface Area Volume Mass Concentration AINE s aD pn nD 3 n m pv LIT T tQ 7 6 Total u4 u u u Concentration as gt n S 3 MES gt MS m l l l l Mode D p Nmax D p Smax D p Umax Dy mg Median X D N 2 D S 2 D V 2 D M 2 Mean x u u u u D gt sD yw 2 mD ubl Wc SS l DUM N S V M Geometric Mean at substitute s v mand S V M x J X nlnD in place of n and N for other l EE exp weightings p N g 8 Geometric BE pA substitute s v mand S V M Standard gt niin De Ines P in place of n and N for other Deviation o exp m weightings C 1 C 2 The symbols used in the formulas are defined as c particle counts per channel n number weighted concentration per channel s surface area weighted concentration per channel v volume weighted concentration per channel m mass weighted concentration per channel 7 sample efficiency factor per channel sample dilution

SMPS

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents