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ESA 85 - 2 USER MANUAL - Electro Systems Associates

1. 3 24 Fill ER 3 26 User Defined PUnetiOfl 3 28 SERIAL MONITOR 4 1 IntroduCtI qe 4 1 RAM cent ie tence 4 1 Structure of monitor 4 2 Monitor command S sinet S m sini pipi Gb h mua 4 2 S Substitute Memory Command 4 4 D Display Memory Command 4 5 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 6 4 4 7 4 4 8 4 4 9 4 4 10 4 4 11 5 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 5 10 5 11 5 12 CHAPTER 6 6 1 6 2 CHAPTER 7 7 1 1 2 7 3 7 3 1 7 3 2 7 4 7 4 1 7 4 2 7 5 Tal 755 7 6 M Move Memory Command 4 6 Fill M mory Command SQ e DA RF Ou Re dul 4 7 C Compare Memory Command 4 7 X Examine modify Registers Command 4 8 Input Byte Command aus aceite estt Quei cap due toad punito 4 9 O Outpt Byte Command 4 10 Go Command 4 11 N Single SEED Command 4 12 HL Help Command z 2 a one rrr 4 13 HARDWARE 5 1 n u 5d CPU Address Data and Control Signals 5 2 Memory baa Rua ord OD MR pa b n qu iei I2 I
2. The contents of this register can be changed now by entering the new data value followed by a valid terminator a comma or the Carriage Return If the terminator is the Carriage Return the command is terminated If the terminator is not the carriage return the next sequential register is displayed and opened for optional modification The sequence in which registers are displayed is also shown in Table 4 2 Note that this sequence is not circular and if a comma is entered after the contents of the last register i e PC are examined modified the command is automatically terminated TABLE 4 2 Register name Abbreviation Accumulator Register B Register C Register D Register E Flags Register Interrupt Mask Register Register H Register L Memory Pointer Stack Pointer Program Counter Note b means a single blank character ASCII code 20H generated when the SPACE BAR is depressed EXAMPLES Example 1 Examine the contents of registers X B EE C 00 21 E 34 F A0 1 07 Hz06 L 45 HLz0645 SP 8FEQ PC 8825 Example 2 Examine and alter reg C and then examine reg D XC 52H 34 D 63H lt CR gt 4 4 7 INPUT BYTE COMMAND FUNCTION The INPUT BYTE command is used to input accept a byte of data from an inpt port FORMAT I lt port address gt lt CR gt OPERATION 1 use this command enter I when prompted for command AD I i ESA 85 2 User s M
3. Command u 10 7 N NEW Command ia iiaia 10 7 X EXIT ETT 10 8 A Sample Session with the Text Editor 10 9 ASSEMBLER 11 1 11 1 A ASSEMBLY Command 11 2 Sourc Line 11 3 Assembler DIYeCUV6S uuu uya Pee RM E ENS URP DECORE 11 7 Symbol DefIiBII n PO o Cs 11 8 IBERIA o o 11 9 Memory ReSeryvellofi 11 11 Assembler Termination a n 11 11 11 4 5 Loction Counter Control and Relocation 11 12 11 5 Error M SSagesSu 11 13 11 6 Eror Codes 11 14 CHAPTER 12 DISASSEMBLER 12 1 12 1 Introd u tI EE rc DAI 12 2 NC m 12 2 CHAPTER 13 COMMUNICATION WITH A HOST COMPUTER SYSTEM 13 1 13 1 Iesu eii MOT C 13 1 13 2 Jnstallatoin 13 2 13 3 Retu rnine to DOS 13 4 13 4 ecc EMIT I P 13 4 13 4 1 Downl ead ODOEPSIDEIL iba tegi eee un Duc 13 4 13 4 2 Upload 13 5 13 4 3 DOS Commands 13 7 13 4 4 Bottom bu E n 13 7 13 4 5 Command Recall n 15 7 13 4 6 Communication NS 13 7 13 4 7 lom 13 8 CHAPTER 14 PROGRAMMING EXAMP
4. to F9FFH User can change these addresses if required The next prompt is for the Starting Address of the text buffer If this value is to be different from the default value of F000H then enter a new value followed by Carriage Return otherwise enter only Carriage Return Then the system prompts for the ending address of the text buffer as shown below Ending Address If the ending address is to be different from the default value of F9FFH enter a new value followed by Carriage Return otherwise enter only Carriage Return In any case note that the Ending Address must be greater than the Starting Address otherwise the system displays an error message and prompts again for the Starting Address and Ending Address After obtaining valid value the system displays the command prompt of the Text Editor a gt on a new line indicating that the Text Editor is ready to accept commands from the user If user responds with only a Carriage Return to the LOAD prompt and the system finds a valid text file in the text buffer created loaded in an earlier invocation of the Text Editor the system will display the starting and ending addresses of the text file and the ending address of the text buffer Then it will prompt for a new Buffer End Address Thus the sequence of displays is exactly same as the one resulting from a file being loaded from the tape In other words if the system finds valid text file it proceeds as if the file is loaded
5. 8956 22 RET 8957 EF MIN MOV A R7 subroutine to display minutes 8958 F5 60 MOV 60H A 895A 12 02 OB LCALL UPDAD 895D 02 89 OD LJMP UP 8960 ED HRS MOV 5 Subroutine to display hours 8961 5 61 MOV 61H A 8963 12 02 OB LCALL UPDAD 8966 00 MOV R7 00H 8968 02 89 OD LJMP UP 11 11 Program to display 24 hours digital clock in SERIAL mode Execute the program from 80008 To change theMIN HOURS change the data in location 8009h amp 8007h respectively PUTBYTE EQU 185EH SOUTPT EQU 160EH DISPM EQU 164BH ADDRESS OBJECT MNENOMIC COMMENTS 8000 90 80 DD MOV DPTR DAT Keep string HRS MIN SEC in program memory 8003 12 16 4B LCALL DISPM dispaly routine 8006 23 START R7 23H Store hours in R7 reg i ESA 31 51 User s Manual 11 10 8008 800A 800B 800D 8010 8012 8015 8016 8018 801B 801D 8020 8022 8023 8025 8028 802B 802E 8030 8032 8035 8037 8038 803A 803B 803C 803F 8041 8043 8046 TE EF 5 12 74 12 EE F5 12 74 12 7A EA F5 12 12 12 7B 74 12 DB EA 24 D4 FA BA 74 F5 12 EE 58 71 18 20 16 71 18 20 16 00 71 18 80 80 03 08 16 F9 01 60 00 71 18 5 OE 5 OE 5 89 89 OE E3 5 BEGIN SEC RPT i JL ESA 31 51 User s Manual MOV R6 58H MOV A R7 MOV LCALL MOV A 20H LCALL SOUTPT MOV A R6 MOV LCALL PUTBYTE
6. 00 04 01 00 02 03 00 FD LABLE MNEMONIC START LI AD i ESA 31 51 User s Manual SYMBOLS ORG 8000H MOV DPTR 9001H A DPTR MOV OFOH A MOV DPTR 9000H A DPTR SUBB A 0F0H MOV DPTR 9002H MOVX DPTR A MOV OAOH 0E1H MOV RO 02 A RO JB OE3H L1 LJMP 0 LJMP 04FDH END COMMENTS KEEP DATA IN 9000 AND 9001 LOCATIONS OF DATA MEMORY SUBSTRACT THEM STORE THE RESULT IN 9002 LOCATION OF DATA MEMORY READ DIP SWITCH JUMP TO SER MONITOR ELSE TO K B PROMPT 11 15 CHAPTER 1 2 DISASSEMBLER 12 1 INTRODUCTION is an extremely useful technique often employed during debugging A Disassembler converts machine language codes into Assembly language mnemonics making it easy for the user to understand verify the program The Disassembler provided by ESA85 2 is available only when the kit is in serial mode of operation This disassembler is a two pass one During the first pass all the addresses to which JMPs CALLs are made are identified and converted to labels The label consists of the letter L immediately followed by the address represented by four ASCII characters During the second pass the codes are disassembled and displayed in mnemonic form Each instruction to which JMP CALL is made will have a label name followed by a colon in the label field The operand field of instructions referring to such labelled instructions
7. 5 MOV 61H A MOV A R7 MOV 60H A LCALL UPDAD Routine to Invoke Address field 11 8 890D 890F 8910 8911 8913 8916 8919 891A 891B 891D 891E 891 8922 8924 8926 8929 892 892C 892D 892E 8931 8933 8935 8936 8938 8939 893A 893D 893F i ESA 31 51 User s Manual 79 E9 FE 5 12 12 9 24 D4 F9 B9 74 F5 12 EF 24 D4 FF BF 74 5 24 D4 BD 7D 00 60 01 89 01 60 00 60 01 01 60 00 60 01 24 00 00 9B 44 ED 9B 26 23 UP RPT MOV MOV MOV MOV LCALL MOV MOV DA MOV CJNE MOV MOV LCALL MOV ADD DA MOV CJNE MOV MOV MOV DA MOV CJNE MOV MOV R1 00H 1 R6 A 60H A UPDDT DELAY A R6 A 01H A RIA R1 60H RPT A 00H 60H A UPDDT A R7 A 01H A R7 A R7 60H MIN A 00H 60H A 5 A 01H A R5 A R5 24H HRS R5 00H R7 00H Store Seconds in R1 Reg Routine to Invoke Data field compare 60 sec is over or not Compare 60 Minutes is over or not Compare 24 hours is over or not 11 9 8941 02 89 04 LOOP Jump to loop 8944 7 04 DELAY MOV R2 04H To provide 1 sec delay 8946 7 BACK3 MOV _ R4 0FFH 8948 7 FF BACK2 R3 0FFH 894A 1B BACK2 DEC R3 894B BB 00 FC CJNE R3 00 BACK1 894 1 DEC R4 894F BC 00 F6 CJNE R4 7200 BACK2 8952 1A DEC R2 8953 BA 00 F0 CJNE 2 00
8. Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field RESET ESA 85 System Reset COMP 85 Compare command prompt for source start 8 0088 8 0088 KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field 0 0880 0 8800 NEXT Prompt for source end 8 0008 8 0088 0 0880 7 8807 NEXT Prompt for destination start 8 0008 8 0088 1 0081 0 8810 Match Command termination command prompt Now using Examine Memory command alter the contents of location 8805H to 55H and issue the compare command again The key sequence will be exactly same as described already Hence only the interaction after pressing EXEC key is shown below Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field EXEC 8805 55 Mismatch waiting for user input NEXT continue comparison command termination command prompt 3 4 11 FILL COMMAND FUNCTION This command is used to fill a block of memory with a constant FORMAT FILL lt start address gt NEXT lt end address gt NEXT lt data gt EXEC oO AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual OPERATION 1 To use this command press the FILL key when prompted for command entry When this key is pressed display field is cleared and decimal point appears at the right edge of the address field 2 Now enter the starting address of the block of memory to be filed Press the NEXT key Now the display field is again cleared and again a decimal point app
9. 9 S CONNECTOR J5 FUNCTION All the remaining pins are not connected Note If your terminal does not support hand shaking signals loop RTS amp CTS and DSR amp DTR Also remember ESA85 2 should be connected to terminal RXD and so on AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 5 11 1 SYSTEM CONNECTOR 50 PIN BERG STICK 5V GND BD3 BD2 BD1 BDO BA7 BA6 BAS BA4 BA3 BA2 BAO BWR BIO SOD SI HLDA BINIAK WAITRQ RESETOUT CLOCKOUT GND 12V AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual BRD BMEM BALE 0 HOLD INTRQ NMIRQ PBRESETIN PCLOCK GND 12V 5 12 PIN NO SIGNAL CLOCK 1 CLOCK 2 OUT 1 GND INT 0 INT 2 INT 4 INT 6 J3 PRINTER ADAPTER STROBE DATO DATI DAT2 DAT3 DAT4 DATS DAT6 DAT7 NC BUSY NC NC CON FWY Ww N J4 POWER CONNECTOR PIN NO SIGNAL AD Do ESA 85 2 User s Manual 5 13 CHAPTER 6 MONITOR ROUTINES ACCESSIBLE TO USER SA85 2 Monitor offers several user callable routines both in the keyboard and serial modes of operation details of which are given below These routines can be used to considerably simplify the program development work NOTE User should as a general rule save the registers of interest before calling the monitor routines and restore them after returning from the monitor routines 6 1 KEYB
10. Data Memory Check for carry Data field addess Routine to display in data field Add Accumulator content with 30 11 4 11 7 In the given byte checking the 5th bit is 1 or 0 If the 5th bit is 00 should be stored in 8901 Data Memory or if it is ffh should be stored in 8901H data memory Execute the program in KEYBOARD mode or in SERIAL mode ORG 8000H ADDRESS OBJECT MNENOMIC COMMENTS 8000 90 89 00 MOV DPTR 8900 Store the given byte in 8900 Data Memory 8003 EO MOVX A DPTR 8004 A3 INC DPTR 8005 33 RLC A Rotate left three times 8006 33 RLC A 8007 33 RLC A 8008 40 06 JC 8010 Check for carry 800A 74 MOV A 0FF Move FF in to accumulator 800C FO MOVX DPTR A 800D 02 80 13 LJMP 8013 8010 74 00 A 00 Move 00 in to Accumulator 8012 FO MOVX DPTR A 8013 75 AO El MOV 0A0 0E1 Check for DIP switch 8016 78 02 MOV RO 02 8018 E2 MOVX A RO 8019 20 E3 03 JB OE3 801F 801C 02 00 03 LJMP 3 Jump to SFR monitor 801F 02 04 FD LJMP 04FD Else to K B Prompt 11 8 Program to display largest number among N numbers Execute the program either in KEYBOARD mode or in SERIAL mode ORG 8000H PUTBYTE EQU 185EH UPDDT EQU 019BH ADDRESS OBJECT MNENOMIC COMMENTS 8000 90 89 00 MOV DPTR 28900 The total no N of data bytes is stored in 8900 data memory i ESA 31 51 User s Manual 11 5 ADDRESS OBJECT MNENOMIC COMMENTS 8003 DPTR 8004 MOV R2
11. Enable the printer interface by setting the SW6 of the on board DIP switch to ON position f Switch on the power to the printer and ESA85 2 ESA 85 2 User s Manual Note The necessary printer cable could be obtained from Electro Systems Associates P Ltd as an optional accessory However the connector details are given in section 8 5 and the user can make use of these details to make a suitable cable if desired Please note that the cable must be short enough to be driven by the on board 8255A We suggest a maximum length of 3 feet for reliable operation 8 3 OPERATION When the printer interface is installed and enabled as described above any character sent to the console is sent to the Printer also For example to obtain a hard copy of the contents of a block of memory locations user can issue the D Display Memory command from the serial monitor The contents of the specified memory block are printed exactly as they appear on the screen Note that the D command itself is also printed Notes 1 All control and non printable ASCII characters are printed as ASCII Code 2EH 2 If any errors occur during printing for eg printer is not in ON LINE paper out error etc the system will be looping indefinitely in the print character routine To recover user may have to press the RESET key 8 4 DIRECT OUTPUT TO PRINTER As already described when the printer interface is enabled any character sent to the console is se
12. MOV A 20H LCALL SOUTPT MOV R2 00H MOV A R2 MOV LCALL LCALL DELAY LCALL DELAY MOV R3 03H MOV A 08H LCALL SOUTPT DJNZ MOV A R2 ADD A 01H DA A MOV R2 A CJNE R2 60H SEC MOV A 00H MOV LCALL A R6 Stores Minutes in R6 Reg Routine to put character on console Provide space Keep seconds 00 In R2 reg Delay routine Check for 60 sec over or not 11 11 8047 24 01 8049 D4 804A FE 804B BE 60 52 804E 07 8050 74 08 8052 12 16 OE 8055 DB F9 8057 74 00 8059 F5 71 805B 12 18 SE 805E 7B 07 8060 74 08 8062 12 16 OE 8065 DB F9 8067 EF 8068 24 01 806A D4 806B FF 806C BF 24 52 806F 7B 04 8071 74 08 8073 12 16 OE 8076 DB F9 8078 74 00 807A F5 71 807C 12 18 SE 807F 7F 00 8081 7B 00 8083 12 80 B7 i JL ESA 31 51 User s Manual RPTI RPT2 RPT3 ADD A 01H DA A MOV R6 A CJNE R6 4 60H MIN Check for 60 minutes over or not MOV R3 07H MOV A 08H LCALL SOUPT DJNZ R3 RPTI MOV A 00H MOV LCALL MOV R3 07H MOV A 08H LCALL SOUTPT DJNZ R3 RPT2 MOV A R7 ADD A 01H DA A MOV R7 A CJNE R7 24H HRS check for 24 hours over or not MOV R3 04H MOV A 08H LCALL SOUTPT DJNZ R3 RPT3 MOV A 00H MOV LCALL MOV R7 00H MOV R6 00H LCALL CURSOR 11 12 8086 02 80 OA LJMP LOOP 8089 Delay subroutine 8089 7D CO DELA
13. Save it ADD A MSD x 4 ADDA 50 x 8 ADD B MSD x 8 MSD x 2 INX H ADD M Add next BCD digit to get binary equivalent INX H MOV M A and store it RST 3 Return to monitor Suppose you decide to hand assemble this program to start from location 8800 H Assume we get the following sequence of bytes 21 40 88 7E 87 47 87 80 23 86 23 77 DF Enter these 13 decimal bytes into locations 8800 H through 880C H Set up two BCD digits in locations 8840 H and 8841 H say 4 and 5 Now execute the program using the GO command After the execution of the program control returns to the monitor and a command prompt dash will be displayed Now using EXAM MEM command examine the contents of the location 8842 H Surprise Instead of the expected 2D we find 1D So we should again check the program After going through the program again we find the logic to be correct The next step is to check the coding Now we find fortunately that while there are two ADD A instructions after MOV A instruction our code sequence has only one ADD A instruction After opcode 47H in location 8805 H there should be 87 H 87 H and then 80 H but we have only one 87 H and then 80 H So instead of multiplying MSD by 10 we multiplied it by 6 2442 To correct this we must insert an instruction of one byte length ADD A at location 8807 H We can use the INSERT command for this purpose The required key sequence would be INSERT
14. Text Buffer OF000 0F9FF Starting Address 8000 Ending Address 80FF gt I I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 10 9 NEW FILE 0001 ORG 9000H 0002 MVI A OAAH 0003 MOV B A 0004 END 0005 NOTE CTRL C is displayed as gt L 0001 ORG 9000H 0002 0003 MOV B A 0004 END gt X FILE NAME E7FFAAA1 Starting Address 8000 Ending Address 8021 BUFFER END 80FF SAVE Y N Y WRITING ONTO TAPE B ESAS85 2 Text Editor V2 0 N NEW D Delete I Insert L List R Replace X Exit LOAD AAAI AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 10 10 SEARCHING THE FILE FILE NAME 2222 FILE NAME 3333 FILE NAME AAAI READING DATA FROM THE FILE Starting Address 8000 Ending Address 8021 BUFFER END 80FF BUFFER END gt L 0001 ORG 9000H 0002 MVI 0003 MOV B A 0004 END gt R2 0001 MVI A OAAH 0002 MVI A 55H gt L2 0002 MVI A 55H L1 5 0001 ORG 9000H 0002 MVI A 55H 0003 MOV B A 0004 END n AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 10 11 0003 NOP 0004 gt L 0001 ORG 9000H 0002 MVI A 55H 0003 NOP 0004 MOV B A 0005 END gt D3 0001 LINES DELETED gt L2 5 0002 MVI A 55H 0003 MOV B A 0004 END gt X FILE NAME AAA1 Starting Address 8000 Ending Address 8020 BUFFER END 80FF SAVE Y N N AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 10 12 CHAPTER 1 1 EXAMPLE PROGRAMS 11 1 Program to d
15. control returns to the monitor via the RST3 instruction the monitor first saves the complete user context Now use the EXAM REG key to observe the contents of the registers B and C They will be 22 and 82 Using the EXAM MEM command observe the contents of the location 8840 H to be 22 H indicating the successful execution of the program Now press the RESET key and observe the contents of the locations 8808H and 8840 H The contents remain undisturbed Pressing the RESET key does not disturb the user portion of the RAM But now examine the B and C registers It is likely that they will not contain the values 22H and 82 H If you press the RESET key user register values are not guaranteed to remain unaltered Example 2 The following program converts two BCD digits stored in memory to a binary number and stores the binary number in memory It is assumed that the most significant BCD digit is at the location 8840H and next BCD digit is in the next location i e in 8841 H The equivalent binary number is to be stored in location 8842 H The program first multiplies the most significant BCD digit by 10 and then adds the second BCD digit to get the Binary number The multiplication by 10 is implemented as repeated addition 10xa 8xa 2xa 4xa 4xa 2xa I i JL ESA 85 2 User s Manual 14 2 MNEMONIC COMMENTS BCDBIN LXI H 8840 Point in BCD string MOV A M Get most significant BCD digit ADDA MSD x 2 MOV B A
16. email esaindia vsnl com WWw esaindia com KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL This manual is organized as follows Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 INTRODUCTION gives a general description of ESA85 2 system both hardware and software features CONFIGURATION AND INSTALLTION describes the configuration of the system to user requirements and the installation of ESA85 2 for serial or keyboard mode of operation KEYBOARD MONITOR describes in detail various commands available to the user when the keyboard monitor is in control of the system operated via on board hexadecimal keyboard SERIAL MONITOR describes the commands available to user when the serial monitor is in control of the system HARDWARE describes the hardware organization of ESA85 2 and provides complete information for expanding the system All connector details are provided in this chapter MONITOR ROUTINES ACCESSIBLE TO USER describes different monitor routines available to user from both serial and keyboard monitor and lists them with calling conventions and register utilisation AUDIO TAPE INTERFACE describes the features of the on board audio tape interface its installation its operation from both keyboard and serial mode and the data formats PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE describes the features of the on board centronics compatible parallel prin
17. 2 is available to the user Through jumper option user can use Timer 1 also if he does not use it for baud clock 8251 A For serial communication supporting all standard bauds from 110 to 19 200 Baud is selected through on board DIP switch 8259 A Programmable Interrupt Controller accepts 8 Interrupt signals from the auxillary system connector 8255 5 4 numbers Two are used by the system to implement PROM Programmer Audio Cassette Interface and Parallel Printer interface The other two are available to user giving 48 programmable I O Lines Bus Expansion STD bus Compatible signals are available on a strip connector Interface Signals Parallel I O 48 lines 2 X 8255 5 of TTL compatible bus brought out to two Spectra strip type ribbon cable connectors Serial RS 232C with standard MODEM control signals through on board 25 pin D type female connector Cassette Interface Signals Available on MIC and EAR sockets Parallel Printer Signals Centronics compatible Parallel Printer Interface signals available on a 25 pin D type female connector in IBM PC XT Compatible pin configuration Interrupts All interrupts except TRAP used for single step implementation are available to user Power Supply Optional 5V 0 1V 3 0A 12V 1 0V 250mA 12 1 0V 100mA 30V 2 0V 100 AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual CHAPTER 2 CONFIGURATION AND INSTALLATION 2 1 CONFIGURATION OF ESA
18. 80 06 LJMP START END 11 12 Program to perform Addition of two numbers This progran can be executed either in SERIAL mode or in KEYBOARD mode Two numbers are taken from locations 9000 amp 9001 of Data Memory They are added and the result is stored in the location 9002 of Data Memory ADDR OBJECT LABLE MNEMONIC COMMENTS SYMBOLS 8000 ORG 8000H 8000 90 90 00 START MOV DPTR 9000H KEEP DATA IN 9000 8003 EO MOVX A DPTR AND 9001 LOCATIONS 8004 F5 F0 MOV OFOH A OF DATA MEMORY 8006 90 90 Ol MOV DPTR 9001H 8009 MOVX A DPTR 800A 25 F0 ADD A OFOH ADD THEM 800C 90 90 02 MOV DPTR 9002H STORE THE RESULT IN 800F FO MOVX DPTR A 9002 LOCATION OF 8010 75 AO El MOV OAOH 0E1H DATA MEMORY 8013 78 02 MOV RO 02 ESA 31 51 User s Manual 11 14 8015 8016 8019 801C 801F 11 13 ADDR OBJECT 8000 8000 8003 8004 8006 8009 800A 800C 800F 8010 8013 8015 8016 8019 801C 801F 2 20 02 02 00 04 03 00 FD MOVX A RO JB OE3H L1 LJMP 0 LJMP 04FDH END READ DIP SWITCH JUMP TO SER MONITOR ELSE TO K B PROMPT Program to perform subtraction of two numbers This progran can be executed either in SERIAL mode or in KEYBOARD mode Two numbers are taken from locations 9000 amp 9001 of Data Memory They are subtracted and the result is stored in the location 9002 of Data Memory 90 F5 90 95 90 FO 75 78 E2 20 02 02 90 FO 90 FO 90 AO 02
19. 8000 Buffer End 9FFF PROM Start 100 oO AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual The 100 QFFF 8000 20FF gt 1FFF So this combination of parameters is invalid As user enters the parameter values the above mentioned constraints are checked and if any of the constraints are violated the error message What 77 is displayed and user is again prompted for a value for the offending parameter After optional modification of the parameter values by the user the system checks the PROM for blank values OFFH in the required zone If the PROM is not blank the following prompt appears PROM IS NOT BLANK OK Y N If user types N the command is aborted and control returns to command prompt of the Serial Monitor If the user enters Y the system proceeds further Any other character results in error message and repetition of the same prompt Now the following message appears PROGRAMMING IN PROGRESS The system proceeds with programming and verification on a byte by byte basis Intelligent Programming Algorithm is used if the PROM can support it This results in considerable reduction n programming time required for such devices Tf the complete programming is successful the system will display a 16 bit checksum and control will return to the Serial Monitor If the programming is unsuccessful the following information is displayed PROGRAMMING FAILURE Where XXXX is the PROM address where programming faile
20. 85 2 is transparent and is fully supported by XT852 Refer to chapter 4 for the serial monitor mode commands Press F1 for help command In addition XT852 supports the file download file upload and other commands which are explained below NOTE During parameter entry the system expects the alphabetic characters to be in upper case Thus it is convenient to use the keyboard with the CAPS LOCK on 13 4 4 DOWNLOAD OPERATION This feature allows downloading of the contents of an object code file into the memory of ESA 85 2 NOTE The object code file must be a HEX file with records in INTEL 8 Bit HEX format Please refer to the relevant INTEL manuals for the definition of INTEL 8 Bit HEX format Most of the cross assemblers for 8085 do produce object code files which are files with records in INTEL 8 Bit HEX format To perform download operation press Ctrl D in response to the command prompt The system will now prompt for the name of the disk file from which the information is to be downloaded The prompt is as follows I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 13 4 Download filename HEX Enter the file name with extension terminated by lt CR gt If the filename is invalid it displays File not found and prompts again for the filename If the path specified is invalid it displays a message Path not found and prompts again for the filename If none of the above errors occur the sy
21. A Reg R2 is used as counter 8005 90 89 01 MOV 8901 Data will be put from 8008 EO MOVX A DPTR 8901 onwards 8009 1A DEC R2 Decrement counter 800A F9 RIA 800B A3 INC DPTR Increment data memory 800C EO MOVX A DPTR 800D FB R3 A 800E 99 SUBB A RI Comparing 2 numbers 800F 50 14 JNC 8025 8011 DA F8 DJNZ R2 800B 8013 75 AO El MOV 0A0 0E1 Check for DIP switch 8016 78 02 MOV RO 02 8018 E2 MOVX A RO 8019 20 E3 OE JB 0E3 802A 801C E9 MOV 801D F5 71 MOV 71H A Display the largest number on console 801F 12 18 SE 8022 02 00 03 LJMP 03 8025 EB MOV A R3 8026 F9 MOV RIA 8027 02 80 11 LJMP 8011 802A E9 ARI 802B 78 60 MOV 60 Display the largest number on 802D MOV RO A trainer display 802E 12 01 9B LCALL UPDDT ESA 31 51 User s Manual 11 6 8031 02 80 00 LJMP 8000 11 9 Program to display decimal count 0 to 20 Execute the program either in KEYBOARD mode or in SERIAL mode SOUTPT EQU 160EH PUTBYTE EQU 185EH UPDDT EQU 019BH ORG 8000H ADDRESS OBJECT MNENOMIC COMMENTS 8000 75 El OAOH Z0EIH Check for DIP switch 8003 78 02 MOV _ RO 02H 8005 E2 A RO 8006 20 22 OE3 KBD 8009 00 R2 00H Store count 00 in R2 800B EA RPT A R2 800C F5 71 MOV 71 800E 12 18 5E LCALL Routine to display on console 8011 7B 03 MOV R3 03H 8013 74 08 LOOP MOV A 08H 8015
22. MVIB 00 No dot LXI H 884 Message start CALL OUTPUT Display US CALL DELAY Introduce a delay JMP AGAIN Repeat the sequence DELAY LXI D FFFF Delay subroutine DLOOP DCX D MOV A D ORA E JNZ DLOOP RET ORG 8840 H DB 0F 0E 16 16 10 13 14 OE 11 12 15 05 14 8 Enter the program from 8800 H to 883A H and enter the data from 8840 H to 884B H using the EXAM MEM command Using the GO command execute the program You should see alternate displays of the messages HELP US The delay between the messages can be changed by altering the value initially loaded into D E register pair in the DELAY subroutine We can change the displays message by entering the different codes The codes for the each display is given below 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 OA OB B2 10 13 A B G H I hy I 11 FA BD K L M N Example 7 This example illustrates the use of KBINT key As explained in chapter 5 on Hardware KBINT key can be connected to the RST7 5 pin of 8085 processor by installing the Jumper JP1 In such a case when this key is pressed control is transferred to a prespecified location in memory 3CH as RST7 5 is a vectored interrupt The monitor has a JMP FE 12 instruction starting at this location Thus when KBINT key is pressed control first goes to the location 3CH and by executing the instruction here comes to location FE12H In this region also there are not many bytes available for a service rout
23. NEXT key Now the display field is again cleared and a decimal point appears at the right edge of the address field Enter the ending address of the block of data to be compared and press the NEXT key This display filed is cleared and a decimal point appears at the right edge of the address field Now enter the starting address of the area with which the specified block of data is to be compared This address is called the destination address Press the EXEC key to start the command execution 3 The monitor now compares the data in the specified block against the data in the destination block If no mismatch is detected in the entire address range specified the command is terminated and the command prompt is displayed If any mismatch is detected the source address and data are displayed and the system waits for user s input If user presses EXEC key the command is terminated and the command prompt is displayed If user presses the NEXT key the system proceeds with the comparison from the next location ERROR CONDITIONS 1 Specifying a value for the end address of the source block which is less than the value of the start address of the source block EXAMPLES Example 1 Using Examine Memory command enter the following data into memory locations 8800H to 8807H 8800 00 02 03 04 05 06 07 Now use the Block Move command to move this data into the destination block starting at 8810H Now compare these two blocks of memory
24. Program to perform Division of 2 numbers Execute the program either in KEYBOARD mode or in SERIAL mode Taking 2 numbers in 9000 amp 9001 Data Memory After division operation store the result in 9002 amp 9003 Data Memory ADDRESS OBJECT MNENOMIC COMMENTS 8000 90 90 01 MOV DPTR 9001 Keep Data in 9000 amp 9001 Data Memory location 8003 E0 MOVX A DPTR 8004 F5 FO MOV OFO0 A i ESA 31 51 User s Manual 11 2 ADDRESS OBJECT MNENOMIC COMMENTS 8006 90 90 00 MOV DPTR 9000 8009 EO MOVX A DPTR 800A 84 DIV AB Perform division operation 800B 90 90 02 MOV DPTR 9002 Store the result in 9002 amp 9003 Data Memory 800E FO MOVX DPTR A 800F A3 INC DPTR 8010 5 FO MOV A 0F0 8012 F0 MOVX DPTR A 8013 75 AO El MOV 0A0 80EI 8016 78 02 MOV 02 8018 E2 MOVX A RO 8019 20 E3 03 JB OE3H 801F Check for Dip Switch 801C 02 00 00 LJIMP 0 Jump to SER Monitor 801F 02 04 FD LJMP 04FD Else to be K B Prompt 11 4 Program to Display ELECTRON SYSTEMS ASSOCIATES PVT LTD BANGALORE on the console Execute this program in SERIAL mode only DISPM EQU 164BH ADDRESS OBJECT MNENOMIC COMMENTS 8000 C2 05 CLB 005 8002 90 80 50 MOV DPTR 8050 Keeping the Data in 8050 Program Memory 8005 12 16 4B LCALL 164B Routine to display string of characters to console 8008 02 00 00 LJMP 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 8050 20 20 20 20 20 OA 20 20 20 2 20 45 4C 45 43 54 8060 52 4F 20 53 59 53 54 45 4D
25. SADDI FE6B FE6C High Limit of the range DADD1 All memory references to the addresses which are within this range are adjusted Operation of RELCT routine This monitor routine will examine each instruction from starting address to ending address If the instruction is not a memory reference instruction it will proceed to examine the next instruction On the otherhand if it is a memory reference instruction then it will check if the referred address is within the range Low Limit High Limit If it is out of range the instruction is not disturbed Otherwise the Relocation offset is added to the reference address of this instruction For example assume the instruction is 78H MOV A B It will be left undisturbed Suppose the instruction is C2 43 88 JNZ 8843H i e a memory reference instruction Suppose the Low Limit is 8840H and High Limit is 8849H Then 8843 is within this range Now assume that the offset is 0010H Then it will and 0010H to 8843H and this new value of 8853H will replace 8843H Thus the instruction will now appear as C2 53 88 This process is repeated with all the instructions from Start address to End address Note AII three byte instructions are of memory reference type but for the following 4 instructions LXI B Value LXI D Value LXI H Value LXI SP Value Steps involved in using the RELCT routine In summary the steps involved in using the RELCT routine are as follows Step 1 Usethe Block Move comman
26. as scratch pad area for system stack and variables User programs should not alter this area otherwise the results are unpredictable Further the Text Editor assumes the RAM from FOOOH to F9FFH as the default Text Buffer area The Assembler and Disassembler packages assume the default Label Table to be from FA00H to FDFFH User should take these assumptions into account while developing his her programs Refer chapters 10 11 and 12 on Text Editor Assembler and Disassembler ESA 85 2 User s Manual 43 STRUCTURE OF MONITOR COMMANDS Whenever the monitor is ready to accept a command from the user it outputs a period as command prompt character at the beginning of a new line The commands entered by the user consists of a single character command mnemonic followed by a list of command parameters This list may consist of upto four parameters depending on the particular command being used When more than one parameter is required is used between the parameters as a seperator A command is terminated either by a Carriage Return or by a comma depending on the command itself Commands are executed one at a time and only one command is allowed within one command line PARAMETER ENTRY All numeric parameters are to be entered as hexadecimal numbers The valid range for one byte parameters is 00 to FF and if more than 2 digits are entered only the last two digits are valid leading zeros may be omitted Thus a
27. as shown below Device Address Range 2764 8K EPROM 4000H 5FFFH 6000H 7FFFH 6264 8K RAM 4000H 5FFFH 6000H 7FFFH 27128 16K EPROM 4000H 7FFFH 62256 16K RAM 4000H 7FFFH Default Jumper setting AD i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 2 1 5 INTERRUPT AND RESETIN SELECTION The sources for the vectored interrupts RST5 5 RST6 5 RST7 5 and the TRAP can be selected to be either on board signals or off board signals However please note that the source for TRAP is configured to be the STEP signal from the timer This selection is necessary for implementing the single step facility provided by both the keyboard monitor and serial monitor Further the reset input to the CPU can be selected to come from the on board RESET key or from an off board source The jumper settings their interpretation and their default settings are shown below JPl OPEN RST7 5 source in external signal RST75 CLOSED 5 7 5 source is on board signal KBINT JP2 OPEN RST6 5 source in external signal RST65 CLOSED RST6 5 source is on board signal RXRDY JP3 OPEN RST5 5 source in external signal RST55 CLOSED RST5 5 source is on board signal 8279INT JP4 A TRAP source is the external signal NMIRQ JP4 B TRAP source is the on board signal STEP JP5 A RESET IN source is the on board signal KBRESETIN JP5 B RESET IN source is the off board signal PBRESETIN Default factory setting Notes 1 The off boar
28. dot Reads keyboard This routine waits until a character is entered from the system keyboard and upon return it places the character in the A register The register A and F F s are affected Expand Hex digits for display This routine expands hex digits and stores them in the specified buffer OUTPUT routine can now be used to display this number parameters Reg DE Hex value to be expanded Registers A H L and flags are affected Refer Section 14 4 6 2 SERIAL MONITOR ROUTINES ACCESSIBLE TO USER Calling Address 0B97H OBB9H 0C11H OBOFH OB04H OB69H 32CDH 06BCH Mnemonic GETCH SOUTPT NMOUT PRVAL DISPM VALDG DLY1MS SERIAL AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual Function Description Gets one character from the USART Input parameters None Output Character ASCII received from USART Regs A C and flags are affected Outputs one character to the USART Inputs C Character ASCII to be output to USART Reg A C and flags are affected Outputs one byte as two hex digits to the serial I O device Inputs A Byte to be output Regs A B C and flags are affected Gets the ASCII code corresponding to a hex digit Inputs C Hex digit Outputs C Corresponding ASCII code Regs and are affected Displays a string of characters The string should be terminated by character Zero which is not output Inputs HL Starting address of the stri
29. has three 28 pin JEDEC compatible slots U5 U6 and U7 for accepting memory devices The socket at U5 is populated with a 27128 which contains the system firmware The socket at U7 is populated with a 62256 to provide 32K bytes of static RAM Memory from FE00H to FFFFH is utilized by the system and the rest is available to the user The socket at U6 is unpopulated This socket can be configured to accept 2764 6264 27128 62256 via jumpers JP1 JP2 and JP3 Refer section 2 1 4 The memory map is as follows TABLE 5 1 Memory Map 27128 at U5 0000 3FFF 62256 at U7 8000 FFFF 2764 at U6 4000 SFFF 6000 7FFF 6264 at U6 4000 SFFF 6000 7FFF 27128 at U6 4000 7FFF 62256 at U6 4000 7FFF cr AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual Note that when 2764 or 6264 is installed at U6 because of address foldback the device responds to two address ranges i e 4000H to 5FFFH and 6000H to 7FFFH Also when 62256 is installed only the lower 16K bytes are accessible and the upper 16K bytes are unused The three chip select signals are derived from BIO M BA15 and BA14 The logic is implemented by 74 LS 32 at U24 and 74 LJ 00 at U25 Battery Option The 62256 provided at U7 can be backed up by an optional battery The terminals of connecting the battery be brought out as B and GND 5 4 O ADDRESSING I O decoding is implemented using a 74 LS 138 at U23 BIO M BA7 BA6 BA5 and BA4 only are used a derive the chip select signals Thus foldback exists ov
30. internal references going unlabelled This message stays on the screen for about 10 seconds and Pass 2 starts thereafter 2 Invalid code XX XXXX H This is displayed if an invalid opcode is encountered The message lists the illegal opcode and its location This message is first displayed in Pass 1 and then pass 1 is aborted and Pass 2 is started The same message is again displayed in Pass 2 with disassembled codes displayed upto the address where the invalid code is encountered and then the disassembly process is aborted and control returns to the Serial Monitor EXAMPLE 1 Assume the contents of locations 8000H to 8006H are 3EH 50H 3DH OOH C2H 02H 80H 7 ESA85 2 Disassembler Vxy Starting Address 8000 lt CR gt Ending Address 8006 lt CR gt I i JL ESA 85 2 User s Manual 12 3 Label Table FA00 FDFF Starting Address CR Ending Address CR Starting Pass 1 Starting Pass 2 ADDRESS CODE LINE NUMBER LABEL MNEMONIC 8000 3E 50 0001 MVI 8002 3D 0002 L8002 DCR 8003 00 0003 NOP 8004 C2 02 80 0004 JNZ End of Disassembly OPERAND A 50H A L8002 EXAMPLE 2 Assume the contents of locations 9000H to 900AH are 21H 00H 88H 31H OOH 08H 01H 60H 88H ESA85 2 Disassembler Vx y Starting Address 9000 lt CR gt Ending Address 900A lt CR gt Label Table FA00 FDFF Starting Address CR Ending Address CR Starting Pass 1
31. larger number of synchronization signals Assuming a typical number of 25 files for a standard tape of 90 minutes duration we see that approximately 10 minutes after allowing for about 15 seconds of inter file gap during recording may be taken up by synchronization signals This allows us to record approximately 72 KB of data on one such cassette However if data is recorded in files of smaller size say 128 or 256 bytes file the number of files stored will increase and total data storage capacity may fall to about 40K bytes KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual CHAPTER 9 PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE 8 1 INTRODUCTION SA85 2 trainer supports Centronics Compatible Parallel Printer Interface The interface makes use of BUSY signal for hand shaking and strobe pulses for synchronization Using this facility the user can obtain hard copy on any centronics compatible printer However to get properly formated listing it is advisable to use 80 132 column printer The on board 8255A is made use of to implement this interface 8 2 INSTALLATION To install the printer interface a Switch OFF the power supply b Connect one end of the printer cable to J3 25pin D type connector of ESA85 2 Refer the component layout diagram in Appendix C to locate the connector J3 c Connect the other end of the printer cable to the printer d Configure the system for serial mode of operation by setting SW4 of the on board DIP switch to ON position e
32. of block1 with the contents of location beginning at start address of block2 This process continues till the contents of end address are compared with those of the corresponding location in the 2nd block Any differences detected are displayed EXAMPLES 1 Compare the contents of memory locations 8000H to 8FFFH with those of a memory block begining at 9000H C 8000 8FFF 9000 lt CR gt This response showed that there is no mismatch 2 Compare the contents of memory locations A000H to AFFFH with those of a memory block beginning at 8000H A000 AFFF 8000 lt CR gt ABCO 00 8BCO FF AED8 48 8ED8 54 This response showed that there is mismatch at two locations 4 4 6 X EXAMINE MODIFY REGISTERS COMMAND FUNCTION This command is used to examine and optionally modify the contents of the registers FORMAT X lt reg gt new data gt CR OPERATION 1 KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual To examine the contents of all the registers enter X followed by carriage return when prompted for command entry The monitor will now display the contents of all the registers If you wish to examine modify the contents of a particular register then enter X when prompted for command followed by the register name abbreviation The register name abbreviations are shown in Table 4 2 Now the monitor will output an equal sign the current contents of the specified register gt gt and data prompt character
33. port input output and full speed execution of user programs Text editor permits line oriented editing facilities for ASCII files and saving and restoring of files from audio cassette 2 pass Assembler can assemble any memory resident assembly language program Supports all the standard INTEL mnemonics useful directives like ORG DB DW DS EQU SET etc Supports labels of upto six characters 2 Pass Disassembler disassembles the object code into standard INTEL mnemonics converts all branch and subroutine addresses into lablels for easy reference On board PROM Programmer features a 28 pin ZIF socket to program all standard PROMs 2716 through 27512 Intelligent Programming Algorithm is used wherever possible resulting in significant reduction in programming time for eg less than 2 minutes for programming a 27128 On board Audio Tape Interface provides MIC and EAR sockets for operation with an Audio Tape recorder Reliable storing loading of assembly language source programs object codes data etc is possible On board interrupt controller 8259A to service upto 8 interrupts 32 K Bytes of CMOS static RAM is provided with battery back up option Total on board memory can be upto 64K Bytes Allows multi processor system design by supporting the HOLD and HLDA signals STD bus compatible signals available on the bus connector for easy expansion Options Available a g Interface Modules for training purpose Calcu
34. the Component Placement Diagram in Appendix C Use any standard audio cable supplied along with the trainer to connect MIC or EAR socket to the tape recorder KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual 7 2 1 OPERATIONAL HINTS 1 Connect only one socket MIC or EAR at any time to tape recorder Connecting both the sockets permanently to the tape recorder may short circuit both the signal lines if the recorder common point connection is different from the convention followed in ESA85 2 2 The volume and tone controls of your tape recorder may have to be adjusted to sufficiently high levels for reliable operation of this interface 3 The reliability of the recording can be increased by using a recorder and tape of good quality 4 The interface can accomodate normal variation in the tape speed Ensure that your recorder does not produce too significant changes in the tape speed 5 Avoid storing relatively large files If the file is really large split it into multiple files of smaller size Though this scheme reduces the utilization of the tape space it improves the chances of restoring the complete file correctly 7 3 OPERATION FROM THE KEYBOARD MONITOR The software allows the user to store data on the tape and read the recorded data from the tape as named files 7 3 1 STORING DATA ONTO TAPE TPWR command implements this facility Thus to invoke this facility press TPWR key when prompted for command entry After typing TPWR set the recorder i
35. to the starting address Otherwise the system will display the error message END START and prompt again for the ending address The system will now display the message WRITING ON and begin transferring the specified data onto the tape After the data a checksum byte is also written onto the tape After completing the transfer the system will display the message FINISHED WRITING ONTO TAPE and then control returns to monitor IMPORTANT NOTE Data is sent out once the user enters the RETURN after the Ending Address If the RECORDER is really not ready at this stage the data is still sent out and this will not get recorded on the tape EXAMPLE Store the contents of locations 8000H to 8FFFH with a file name 14B3 on the tape FILE NAME 14B3 STARTADDRESS 8000 Now connect the RECORDER via the MIC jack and set it in RECORD mode END ADDRESS 8FFF WRITING ONTO TAPE FINISHED WRITING ONTO TAPE 7 4 2 READING DATA FROM TAPE L command implements this facility To use this facility type L followed by lt lt CR gt gt when the system prompts for a command with the dot prompt The system will now prompt for the filename as shown below FILE NAME Enter the filename followed by RETURN The rules regarding the filename are same as the ones explained in the W command Note that the addresses of the memory block are already stored on the tape under the specified filename So user should n
36. 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 3 1 10 3 2 10 3 3 10 3 4 10 3 5 10 3 6 10 4 11 11 1 11 2 11 3 11 4 11 4 1 11 4 2 11 4 3 11 4 4 PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE 8 1 8 1 8 1 OEE AR ON m T 8 2 Direct Output fo Pier a 8 2 Connector E aat 8 3 AUDIO TAPE INTERFACE 9 1 N19 10 TN 9 1 Operation from S rlal 92 P Command xa x uya aasma erba Rd 9 3 V Command osa oaa awana suyashan 9 5 BL OIDIDID a 9 5 ND ARN AR a aa ns hae 9 6 Operation from the Keyboard Monitor 9 8 PROG Command cU Pal e ELE MR ERI 9 8 ba deo uu o NT ME 9 9 BLENK ComI and ope aan REDE DO 9 9 PRRD ins CIPRO 9 10 Examples u 9 10 Support ror EEPROM 2816A 9 12 Support for 8751 Family Microcontrollers 9 13 TEXT EDITOR 10 1 EOD Ped 10 1 EHAEDIT 6 DER D BUR 10 2 Editor Commands 10 3 Command UE 10 4 D DELETE Command 10 5 R REPLACE Command uuu uu an ari 10 6
37. 12 16 OE LCALL SOUTPT 8018 DB F9 DJNZ R3 LOOP 801A 12 80 43 LCALL DELAY Delay routine 801D 12 80 43 LCALL DELAY 8020 EA A R2 8021 24 01 ADD A 01H 8023 D4 DA A Perform Decimal Adjust 8024 FA MOV R2 A Accumulator operation 8025 21 CJNE R2 21H RPT Compare the count with 21 8028 02 00 00 LJMP 0000H 802 7 00 KBD MOV R2 00H 802D EA RPTI A R2 i JL ESA 31 51 User s Manual 11 7 ADDRESS OBJECT 802E F5 60 8030 12 01 9B 8033 12 80 43 8036 12 80 43 8039 OA 803A EA 803B D4 803C FA 803D BA 21 ED 8040 02 04 FD 8043 DELAY 8045 7 FF 2 8047 1B 8048 BB 00 FC 804B IC 804C BC 00 F6 804F 22 MNENOMIC COMMENTS MOV 60H A Routine to display LCALL UPDDT on Data field of trainer LCALL DELAY LCALL DELAY INC R2 MOV A R2 DA A MOV R2 A CINE R2 21H RPT1 LJMP O4FDH MOV R4 0FFH Delay routine MOV R3 0FFH DEC R3 R3 00H BACK1 DEC4 R4 00H BACK2 RET 11 10 Program to display 24 hours digital clock in keyboard MODE Execute the program from 8900 To change the Min Hours change the data in the location 8903 and 8901 respectively UPDAD UPDDT ADDRESS OBJECT 8900 7D 23 8902 7F 58 8904 ED LOOP 8905 F5 61 8907 EF 8908 F5 60 890A 12 02 OB i ESA 31 51 User s Manual EQU 020BH EQU 019BH MNENOMIC COMMENTS MOV R5 23H Store Hours in R5 Reg MOV R7 58H Store Minutes in R7 Reg MOV
38. 2 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 INTRODUCTION 1 CONFIGURATION AND INSTALLATION 2 1 Confis rati oB OF ESA 83 2 2 1 Operational Mode Sel GtIOn 2 1 Printer Enable Disablg 2 2 Rate 2 2 Memory Selection MM 2 3 Interrupt and Selection 2 4 Installation of ESA 83 2 2 5 Installation Procedure for Serial Mode of Operation 2 5 No Response in Seral Mode u cti ai 2 6 Installation Procedure for Keyboard Mode of Operation 2 6 No Response m Keyboard 2 7 KEYBOARD MONITOR 3 1 EI MI REC e 3 2 Keyboard and Display 3 2 Monitor Commands eR 3 2 Examine Modify Memory Command 3 5 Examine Modify Registor Command 3 8 Input Byte Command 3 10 Outpul Byte Command 3 11 GO Command 3 13 Single Step Septum s a i 3 15 Block Move Command oet Dad Da En 3 17 Insert Command 3 19 Delet Command TET 3 21 Compare
39. 2 The line numbers of the text following the inserted text are automatically adjusted based on the number of lines of text inserted by the user 10 3 2 D DELETE COMMAND FUNCTION This command allows the to delete one or more lines of text from the file currently being edited FORMAT D n CR or D no n2 CR OPERATION This command is invoked by typing D when prompted for the command by the Text Editor D must be followed by one or two parameters followed by the Carriage Return D n CR deletes one line with the line number n from the text file If n is greater than the line number of the last line in the file an error message is displayed and then the Text Editor displays its command prompt on a new line D nl n2 CR deletes all the lines with line numbers from nl to n2 If nl is greater than the line number of the last line in the file an error message is displayed followed by the prompt of the Text Editor on a new line If n2 is greater than the line number of the last line in the file then n2 is replaced with the line number of the last line If n2 is less than n1 an error message is displayed followed by the command prompt of the Text Editor on a new line I i JL ESA 85 2 User s Manual 10 5 If no errors are detected the specified number of lines are deleted and at the end of the deletion process the following message is displayed m LINES DELETED Where m is the number of lines deleted T
40. 4 4 11 H HELP COMMAND FUNCTION The HELP command is used to list all the commands supported by the serial monitor FORMAT H OPERATION As soon as H is entered by the user in response to the command prompt the system lists in alphabetical order all the commands supported by the serial monitor The display appears as shown below COMMAND SUMMARY ASSEMBLE DISPLAY MEMORY EXECUTE A PROGRAM ERROR RESERVED BLOCK MOVE MEMORY PROGRAM AN EPROM SUBSTITUTE MEMORY VERIFY AN EPROM ERROR RESERVED BLANK CHECK EPROM TEXT EDITOR DISPLAY ALL COMMANDS ERROR RESERVED SINGLE STEP A PROGRAM ERROR RESERVED ERROR RESERVED WRITE ONTO TAPE DISASSEMBLE MEMORY COMPARE MEMORY FILLMEMORY INPUT FROM A PORT LOAD FROM THE TAPE OUTPUT TO A PORT READ FROM AN EPROM ERROR RESERVED ALTER REGISTERS lt lt 9 Z lt Q gt NzdozmmmUu KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual CHAPTER 5 HARDWARE 5 1 INTRODUCTION T his chapter describes the hardware design details of ESA85 2 Appendix A gives the complete schematics Appendix B gives the connector details and Appendix C has the component layout diagram The design details are discussed in the following order a CPU Address Bus Data Bus and Control Signals b Memory Addressing c I O Addressing d Keyboard Display Interface e Programmable Interval Timer and Serial Interface f program
41. 53 20 41 53 53 43 8070 49 41 54 45 53 20 50 56 54 20 4 54 44 2E OA OD 8080 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 8090 20 20 20 20 42 41 4E 47 41 4C 52 45 2E OA 0 80A0 OA OD 00 ESA 31 51 User s Manual 11 3 11 5 Program to display ASCII Character on the console Execute this program in serial mode only ADDRESS 8000 8003 8004 8007 OBJECT 90 90 00 12 02 16 00 03 SOUTPUT EQU 160EH MNENOMIC MOV DPTR 9000 MOVX A DPTR LCALL SOUTPUT LJMP 3 COMMENTS Keep the ASCII value in 9000 data Memory return to serial monitor 11 6 Program to convert ASCII to its HEX equivalent on the trainer display If the code is less than 40 then 30 is subtracted from the code to get its binary equivalent If the code is greater than 40 then the equivalent no lies between A amp F Execute this program in KEYBOARD mode only ADDRESS 8000 8003 8004 8005 8006 8008 800A 800B 800D 800F 8010 8013 8015 8016 8017 8019 i ESA 31 51 User s Manual OBJECT 90 F9 94 40 E9 24 78 F6 12 80 E9 C3 24 02 89 00 OA OB 37 60 01 9B EB 30 80 OD MOVX MOV CLR SUBB JC MOV ADD MOV MOV LCALL SJMP MOV CLR ADD LJMP MNENOMIC MOV DPTR 8900 A DPTR RIA C A 0A 8015 A R1 A 37 R0 60 RO A 091B 8000 1 C A 30 800D COMMENTS Keep the HEX eq in 8900
42. 80 JNZ LOOP No continue printing DF RST 3 Yes return to the monitor MSG ESA 8 5 CONNECTOR DETAILS The signal definitions on the 25 pin female D type connector used for parallel printer interface are given below PIN NO ON J3 SIGNAL DIRECTION DESCRIPTION PIN NO ON FROM CENTRONICS ESA85 2 CONNECTOR STROBE STROBE pulse to the printer Data 0 These signals Data 1 represent 8 bits Data 2 of parallel data Data 3 High 1 Data 4 Low 0 Data 5 Data 6 Data 7 BUSY A high indicates that Printer cannot receive data The signal becomes high in following cases a During data entry b During Printing operation c In OFF LINE state d During printer error status O 10 tn FW O DN FW LS Signal ground oO AD I i DO ESA 85 2 User s Manual CHAPTER 9 PROM PROGRMMER SYSTEM 9 1 INTRODUCTION E SA85 2 PROM programmer system is a powerful and easy to use facility provided on board ESA85 2 This chapter describes the use of this PROM Programmer System NOTE 30V and 12V power supply must be connected when the PROM Programmer System is being used If a separate 30V 12V power supply is being used ensure that its common is connected to the common of the system power supply The system permits the user to program verify blank check and read any of the popular EPROMS 2716 through 27512 The system consists of the necessary hardware and software The
43. 85 2 SA85 2 Microprocessor trainer is versatile and can be configured in number of ways as determined by the settings of a DIP switch and other jumpers refer to the component layout diagram in Appendix C to locate the DIP switch and the jumpers This chapter describes all the configuration options and the installation procedures 2 1 1 OPERATIONS MODE SELECTION ESA85 2 can be operated either in the hexadecimal keypad mode or in the serial mode In the hexadecimal keypad mode the trainer is operated from the hexadecimal keyboard display unit In the serial mode the trainer is connected to a CRT terminal or to a host computer system like IBM PC XT AT Compatibles through as RS 232 C interface In either mode of operation the system provides a variety of commands for program development debugging However several features of ESA85 2 like editor disassembler assembler etc are available only in the serial mode of operation The selection of the desired mode of operation is done as follows ESA 85 2 User s Manual Switch 4 of the DIP switch Operational mode OFF hexadecimal keypad mode ON Serial mode factory installed option Chapter 3 describes the commands available in keyboard mode and chapter 4 describes the commands available in serial mode 2 1 2 PRINTER ENABLE DISABLE ESA85 2 firmware includes the driver program for centronics compatible parallel printer interface This driver can be enabled disabled as shown b
44. 8800 NEXT 880C NEXT 8807 I i Uru ESA 85 2 User s Manual 14 3 NEXT lt 1 gt NEXT lt 87 gt EXEC Now using EXAM MEM command observe the contents of the locations 8800 H through 880D H and verify that the program has been entered correctly Now execute it Examine the location 8842 H Fine we get the correct result of 2D Example 3 8085 has no instruction for multiplication One simple way to implement multiplication is by repeated addition Here if you want to multiply m by n then you clear the result and add the multiplicand m to the result n times where n is the multiplier Thus 2 x 3 is implemented as 0 2 2 2 6 The following program multiplies any two one byte numbers but assumes that the numbers are unsigned Name USMULT Unsigned Multiplication Function This routine performs the multiplication of two unsigned one byte integers and returns the two byte result Inputs C multiplicand B multiplier Outputs H L product Registers Destroyed A E H L Flags USMULT LXI H 0000H Clear the result MOV E B Save Multiplier and MVI B 00H clear B This is done so that we can use DAD instruction MULIO MOV A E ORA A Multiplier 0 JZ OVER Yes Jump to finish DAD B No Add multiplicand again DCR E Decrement multiplier and repeat JMP MULIO OVER RST3 Return to monitor Now you can select the starting location for this program and hand assemble it Suppose we wan
45. ATS 7 5 1 BIT FORMAT Both 0 and 1 are recorded as combination of some high frequency 2KHz signals and some low frequency 1KHz signals as shown below Bit 0 lt TO 2 8 cycles s 1KHz 2 cycles lt 6ms KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual Bit 1 n 2KHz 4 cycles L KHz 4 cycles _ __ gt lt 6ms 7 5 2 BYTE FORMAT A byte is recorded as one start bit a zero 8 data bits and one stop bit Start Stop 7 5 3 FILE FORMAT Before recording the file a lead synchronization signal of 1 KHz frequency is recorded for 4 seconds Then a seven byte header is recorded The file header consists of filename 2 Bytes start address 2 bytes end address 2 bytes and checksum 1 byte Following this a mid synchronization signal is recorded This consists of a 2KHz signal for 2 sec and 1KHz signal for 0 8 secs Now the file data is recorded After this a tail synchronization signal of 2KHz frequency is recorded for 2 seconds Thus the file format is Lead File Start End Data Tail Sync Name addr addr sync 1KHz 2KHz 1KHz 2KHz 4 sec ES Brie 2sec 0 8 sec 2 sec 7 6 STORAGE CAPACITY As is obvious from the above description of the Data formats the exact amount of data that can be stored on a tape depends upon the total number of files created The larger the number the smaller is the amount of data that can be stored because of the space consumed by the
46. D Addr sSI amp E 522 Keyboard Display Interface 5 5 Programmable Interval 5 7 Serial Interface 5 8 Programmable Peripheral Interface Devices 5 8 Wait Stat go c EEA 5 9 Interrupts and Hold uu 5 9 Bus Expansion asa ee uec iato iR Qa an EE 5 10 Connector Detalls 5 10 MONITOR ROUTINES ACCESSIBLE TO USER 6 1 Keyboard Monitor Routines Accessible to User 6 1 Serial Monitor Routines Accessible to User 6 3 AUDIO TAPE INTERFACE 7 1 dul Installa MP T 7 1 Na asus 7 2 Operation from the Keyboard Monitor 7 2 SEO Data onto areia e 7 2 Reading Data from 7 4 Operation from the Serial 7 5 Stonne Data onto Tapes uuu u uuu Reading Data from Tape 7 6 Data Recording Formats munaa uapa Tel 7 1 P yle s sa aa 7 8 File 7 8 7 8 CHAPTER 8 8 1 8 2 8 3 8 4 8 5 CHAPTER 9 9 1 9 2 92 922 9 2 3 9 2 4 9 3 9 3 1 9 3 2 9 5 3 9 3 4 9 4 95 9 6 CHAPTER 1
47. Invalid code 08H 9006H Starting Pass 2 Invalid code 08H 9006H ADDRESS CODE LINE NUMBER LABEL MNEMONIC 9000 21 00 88 0001 LXI 9003 31 00 0002 LXI End of Disassembly ESA 85 2 User s Manual OPERAND H 8800H SP CO00H 12 4 CHAPTER 13 COMMUNICATION WITH A HOST COMPUTER SYSTEM 13 1 INTRODUCTION A s already noted ESA 85 2 operating in the serial mode can be connected to either a CRT terminal or a host computer system When a computer system is the controlling element it must be executing a driver software to communicate with ESA 85 2 852 is such an optional communication package which allows the user to establish a communication link between the ESA 85 2 trainer and a PC XT AT compatible computer system The link is established between asynchronous serial ports of the computer gt COM1 COM2 and ESA 85 2 852 is supplied as a EXE file on a 3 DSHD diskette and can be executed on PC XT AT compatible computer system under PC DOS MS DOS operating system A suitable RS 232 C cable has to be used for connecting ESA 85 2 to a PC XT AT compatible system XT852 fully supports all the commands of ESA 85 2 Further it allows the contents of a disk file to be downloaded from the computer system into the memory of ESA 85 2 User can develop assembly language programs on the PC XT AT compatible computer system cross assemble them using a suitable cross assembler to generate object code files and then us
48. JP7 A the default setting The signal generated by pressing the KBINT key can be used to drive the RST 7 5 input to the CPU by shorting JP 10 The default setting leaves JP 10 open Display Drive The segment drive outputs of 8279 AO through A3 and BO through B3 from a single 8 bit parallel output driving the display element segments The correspondence between the data bus segment outputs of 8279 and the display element segments is shown below AD i ESA 85 2 User s Manual TABLE 5 4 Display segment Control CPU D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 DI DO f p DATA BUS 8279 A2 Al AO B3 B2 BO OutPut g Segment d b a dp g f e e c enabled Bit 1 Corresponding segment is ON d 0 Copressponding segment if OFF Display segments Example To display the data format requires that segment a f g e and d should be On and other segments should be OFF So the data should be 1001 0111 97H Display codes for other patterns can be worked out similarly Display Position To display characters in the address field 8279 must be instructed to start from display position 0 by sending 90H to the command port of 8279 and to display characters in the data field 8279 must be instructed to start from display position 4 by sending 94H to the command port of 8279 For further details regarding display codes and display procedures user can refer the listing of Monitor program supplied alongwith ESA85 2 5 6 PROGRAM
49. LES 14 1 14 1 Mm 14 1 14 2 Programming 14 1 14 3 Use of Monitor ie senio edens 14 6 14 4 Relocation f Programs 14 11 APPENDICES APPENDIX A u uu Au SCHEMATICS APPENDIX s cla CONNECTOR DETAILS APPENDIX nodes niin nescias ian COMPONENT LAYOUT DIAGRAM APPENDIX D issssississsnensasecennuaveunianaasdanneusiunseananncuans ASCII CHARACTER SET APPENDIX E RS 232 C CABLE DETAILS APPENDIX F aA c E x Dani PRODUCT LIST CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION SA85 2 is an extremely powerful microprocessor trainer based on the popular 8085 CPU It can be used as a flexible instructional aid in academic institutions Sophisticated features like powerful 2 pass Assembler and Text Editor allow the use of ESA85 2 for serious microcomputer developmental work in research institutions and R amp D laboratories On board facilities like EPROM programmer Audio Tape Interface and Centronics compatible Parallel Printer Interface enhance the power and utility of ESA85 2 system Following are the main features of ESA85 2 ESA 85 2 User s Manual ESA85 2 can be operated either from on board keyboard or from a CRT terminal through its RS 232 C interface Keyboard and serial monitor programs support the entry of user programs editing and relocation debug facilities like breakpoints and single stepping direct
50. LIZ QO ESA 85 2 USER MANUAL Electro Systems Associates Pvt Ltd www esaindia com PREFACE This is the user s manual for ESA85 2 microprocessor trainer This manual describes the hardware and software components of ESA85 2 and gives the interface information necessary for expanding the system This manual describes in detail the facilities offered by the Keyboard Monitor Program Serial Monitor Program the Text Editor and 2 pass Assembler Disassembler Packages The on board facilities Audio Cassettee Interface EPROM Programmer Interface Centronics Parallel Printer Interface are also described in this manual Communication with a host computer is also described Complete schematics and related drawings are provided in the appendices Please note that this volume is a user s guide for ESA85 2 and as such does not deal elaborately with the features of 8085 processor and related peripherals and their programming Details regarding these can be obtained from the following INTEL Publication Micro systems Component Handbook Vol I and II While every effort has been made to present the information in an accurate and simple fashion we do welcome suggestions for improving the quality and usefulness of this manual Please address all your correspondence to ELECTRO SYSTEMS ASSOCIATES PVT LTD 4215 J K Complex First Main Road Subramanyanagar P O Box No 2139 BANGALORE 560 021 INDIA Fax 91 80 3325615 Phone 3323029 3322924
51. M from where programming is to begin Note that these parameters must satisfy certain conditions as explained in the section 9 2 1 P Command Once the correct parameter values are available the system checks the PROM for blank values FFH in the required zone If the PROM is blank in the required zone the system proceeds further Otherwise it displays the message FULL in the address field with a dot and waits for user input Now if the user presses EXEC key the system returns control to the Keyboard Monitor If user presses NEXT key the system proceeds further Any other key will result in flashing of error message and reprompt After this the system proceeds with programming and verification on a byte by byte basis As each location in the PROM gets programmed the PROM address is displayed in the address field and the programmed data is displayed in the data field The system utilizes Intelligent Programming Algorithm wherever applicable and this reduces the programming time significantly the complete programming and verification is successful the system will display 16 bit checksum in the address field and then the system waits for user input If user presses EXEC control returns to the Keyboard Monitor Pressing any other key except RESET has no effect If the programming is unsuccessful the address of the failed PROM location is displayed in the address field and ROM data is displaye
52. MABLE INTERVAL TIMER ESA85 2 has an on board programmable interval timer 8253 5 at socket position U8 Its I O addresses can be found in Table 5 2 in section 5 4 8253 has command status port and three data ports called Timer0 Timer and Timer2 to provide three programmable timers Of these Timer 0 is utilized to drive the TRAP input of the CPU for implementing the Single Step facility by shorting JP6 B SOD output from the CPU controls the gate input of this Timer 0 Timer 1 is utilized to generate Transmit and Receive clocks of 8251A Programmable communication interface however these signals as well as the signals AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual related to Timer 2 are available on auxillary system connector P2 Thus if user does not require serial interface he she can make use of Timer 1 in addition to Timer 2 which is always available to user if required Connector details are provided in the last section of this chapter 5 7 SERIAL INTERFACE As 8251A Programmable communication interface at position U2 is used for implementing RS 232 C compatible serial interface This device is programmed for asynchronous operation 2 stop bits no parity data length of 8 bits and baud scale factor of 16X As already noted Timer of 8253 is used to generate the required Transmit and Receive clocks of 8251A based on the setting of the DIP switch Refer section 2 1 3 on Baud Rate selection The I O address of 8251 A can
53. MEM command Now at 8820 H we must write the service routine LOCATION CONTENTS LABEL MNEMONIC COMMENTS 8820 F5 PUSH PSW save counter 8821 E6 03 ANIO3 Mask off the most significant 6 bits 8823 32 75 LOOP STAFE75H 8826 06 00 B 00H No Dot 8828 CD 78 05 CALL UPDDT Display the number 882B Fi POP PSW restore counter 882C FB EI Enable interrupts 882D C9 RET Return to main program Notice the EI instruction before the RET instruction This is required as interrupts are disabled once an interrupt is recognized As we want to recognize the interrupts again we must enable them before returning to the main program Load the above service routine I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 14 10 Execute the program at location 8800 H Now whenever the KBINT key is pressed a value between 0 and 3 is displayed in the data field As this program is an infinite loop to recover you must press the RESET key Example 8 This example illustrates the use of serial monitor routine to display a message on the console In the following program it displays ELECTRO SYSTEMS on the console LOCATION CONTENTS LABEL MNEMONIC COMMENTS 8800 21 00 89 LXI H 8900 Start of the first message 8803 CD 04 CALL DISPM Displays the first word ELECTRO 8806 06 02 B 02 No of blanks after the first word 8808 CD 41 0C CALL NSPOUT Displays two blanks after this word 880B 21 08 89 LXI H 8908 Start of
54. OARD MONITOR ROUTINES ACCESSIBLE TO USER Calling Address Mnemonic Functions 056CH UPDAD Updates Address field of the display The contents of the locations CURAD FE73H amp FE74H are displayed in the address field The contents of all the CPU registers and flags are affected If Reg B 1 dot at the right edge of the field if 0 no dot 0578H UPDDT Updates Data field of the display The contents of the location CURDT FE75H are displayed in the data field The contents of all CPU registers and flags are affected If Reg dot at the right edge of the field if 0 no dot AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 04E3H 0D75H 0412H 0514H 049DH 0630 OUTPUT HILO CLEAR RDKBD HXDSP RELCT KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual Outputs characters to display The parameters for this routine are as follows Reg A 0 Use address field Reg A 1 Use data field Reg 1 Dot at the right edge of the field 0 No dot Reg HL Starting address of character string to be displayed Computes the difference between two 16 bit values Parameters are set up as follows Reg DE Value 1 Reg HL Value 2 The difference between the two values is available in DE and carry is set as follows Carry 1 if value 1 Value 2 0 otherwise DE Value 1 Value 2 Clears the display This routine blanks the entire display field Parameter is REG B dot at the right edge of the address field 0 No
55. RY COMMAND FUNCTION This command is used to display the contents of a block of memory FORMAT D Start address end address CR OPERATION 1 To use this command enter D when prompted for command entry After entering D enter the starting address of the memory block whose contents are to be displayed then enter a comma enter the end address of the memory block followed by carriage return 2 Now the monitor will output the starting address the contents of the location from this address to the specified end address The display appears in formatted lines with 16 bytes line The number of bytes displayed on the first line are so adjusted that if the second line is present its first location has address with the last nibble as zero The ASCII equivalents of the displayed data values are also shown on each line The non displayable characters are shown as periods Example 1 To display the contents of 5 bytes from location 8800H D8800 8804 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 OA OB OC OD OE OF ASCII 8800 41 42 43 44 31 ABCDI AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 4 4 3M MOVE MEMORY COMMAND FUNCTION This command is used to move a block of data from one area of the memory to another area FORMAT M lt start address gt lt end address gt lt destination address gt lt CR gt OPERATION 1 To use this command enter M when prompted for command entry Follow it with the starting address of the source b
56. SErIAL will be displayed on the trainer s keyboard display Otherwise it will display the message Unable to transmit the data Retry or Ignore If ESA 85 2 is not powered on power it on and press R to retry to establish the communication Pressing I will exit XT852 to DOS Now check for the following a Ensure that ESA 85 2 is connected to the correct COM port and that the COM port is functioning properly b Ensure that ESA 85 2 is functioning properly and configured correctly c Check the RS 232 C cable and its connections I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 13 3 Since the communication package utilizes the hardware handshake signal DTR while communicating with ESA 85 2 the interfacing cable must support this signal also Note XT852 utilizes an interrupt driven routine for reading characters from the COM port Thus it is possible for XT852 to miss some characters if the system has any resident programs which are interrupt driven For example many systems include a CLOCK program in the AUTOEXEC file to display the time on the upper right corner of the screen Hence it is desirable not to run any such resident programs while XT852 is running If the problem persists Please contact the manufacturer 13 3 RETURNING TO DOS User can terminate XT852 and return control to DOS by typing Alt X when the program is waiting for a keyboard input 13 4 OPERATIONAL DETAILS The complete command set of the ESA
57. X Current value of PC and the byte at this PC 8 0008 8 0088 0 0880 New value of PC 0 8800 NEXT 8802 4F Instruction at 8800 is executed Instruction to be executed is displayed NEXT 8803 DF Next instruction EXEC Command termination I i JL ESA 85 2 User s Manual 3 16 3 4 7 BLOCK MOVE COMMAND FUNCTION This command is used to move a block of data from one area of the memory to another area FORMAT BLK MOVE lt start address gt NEXT lt end address gt NEXT lt destination address gt EXEC OPERATION 1 To use this command press the BLK MOVE key when prompted for command entry When this key 1s pressed display field is cleared and decimal point appears at the right edge of the address field New enter the starting address of the block of data to be moved Press the NEXT key Now the display field is again cleared and again a decimal point appears at the right edge of the address field Now enter the ending address of the block of data to be moved Press the NEXT key Monitor clears the display field and a decimal point appears at the right edge of the address field Now enter the starting address of the area into which the block of data is to be moved This address is called the destination address Press the EXEC key to start the command execution Monitor now moves the block of data from Start Address to End Address to the area beginning at the Destination Address After moving the data moni
58. Y MOV R5 0COH This routine will provide Isec delay 808B 7 BACK2 MOV R4 0FFH 808D 90 00 00 MOV DPTR 0H 8090 A3 GOBACK INC DPTR Delay routine 8091 5 82 MOV A 82H 8093 45 82 ORL A 82H 8095 70 F9 JNZ GOBACK 8097 1C DEC R4 8098 BC 00 FC R4 00H BACK1 809B 1D DEC R5 809C BD 00 EC CJNE R5 00H BACK2 809F 22 RET 80A0 Subroutine to display minutes 80A0 07 MIN MOV R3 07H 80A2 74 08 RPT4 MOV A 08H 80A4 12 16 OE LCALL SOUTPT 80A7 DB F9 DJINZ R3 RPT4 80A9 EE MOV A R6 80AA F5 71 MOV 80AC 12 18 ICALL PUTBYTE 80AF 74 20 MOV A 20H 80B1 12 16 OE LCALL SOUTPT 80B4 02 80 20 LJIMP BEGIN 80B7 Subroutine to move the cursor three times back 80B7 7B 03 CURSOR MOV R3 03H 80B9 74 08 RPTS MOV A 08H 80BB 12 16 OE LCALL SOUTPT 80BE DB F9 DJNZ R3 RPT5 80 22 RET i JL ESA 31 51 User s Manual 11 13 80C1 Subroutine to display hours 80C1 FF HRS MOV R7 A 80C2 F5 71 MOV 80C4 12 18 5E LCALL 80C7 74 20 MOV A 20H 80C9 12 16 OE LCALL SOUTPT 80CC 74 00 MOV A 00H 80CE F5 71 MOV 80D0 12 18 5E LCALL PUTBYTE 80D3 00 MOV R6 00H 80D5 74 20 MOV A 20H 80D7 12 16 OE LCALL SOUTPT 80DA 02 80 20 LJMP BEGIN 80DD Subroutine to display HRS MIN SEC on the console 80DD 48 52 53 20 4D DAT DB 48H 52H 53H 20H 4DH 80E2 49 4E 20 53 45 DB 49H 4EH 20H 53H 45H 80E7 43 0D 0A 00 DB 43H OAH 80EB 02
59. a comma after optionally modifying the PC enter a maximum of four breakpoints seperated by commas and then enter carriage return Now the control is transferred to the program starting at the current PC value Upon reaching any one of the specified breakpoint addresses control is returned to the monitor Monitor saves the complete user context displays the current PC value and then issues a command prompt NOTES 1 KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual When breakpoint addresses are specified the monitor saves the instructions shown by breakpoint addresses and replaces them with RST3 instruction When any one of the breakpoints is reached control is returned to the monitor which after saving the registers replaces all the breakpointed instructions with their original values Hence breakpoint addresses must be specified each time a program to be breakpointed is executed Specifying more than one breakpoint address is useful when debugging a program section containing branch instructions Example 1 Enter the program presented as example 1 for the GO command from the keyboard monitor section 3 4 5 You can execute it as shown below G xxxx xx 8800 lt CR gt Example 2 Transfer control to a user program assembled from location 8000H with breakpoints at 804 and 8124H G 8000 804E 8124 CR 4 4 10 N SINGLE STEP COMMAND FUNCTION The command is used to execute a program one instruction at a t
60. address of the PROM PROM END The absolute ending address of the PROM The parameters must satisfy the following relations i PROM START lt Absolute Last Address of the PROM PROM END lt Absolute last Address of the PROM and PROM END gt PROM Start The parameter display and modification procedures are menu driven and are similar to those of the P command The PROM is checked for blank values in the specified range The PROM addresses and data read are displayed in the Keyboard Display unit s display fields If it is blank then the following message is displayed ESA 85 2 User s Manual O K PROM IS BLANK Then control returns to the Serial Monitor If a location in the specified range is not blank the following message is displayed PROM 15 NOT BLANK Where is the absolute PROM address of the first non blank location Then control returns to the Serial Monitor Note that only the first non blank location address is displayed Subsequent locations may also be non blank locations 9 2 4 COMMAND This command is used to transfer the contents of the PROM into the ESA85 2 memory space This command requires the following four parameters TYPE Same as for P command PROM START Same as for B command PROM END Same as for B command BUFFER START Starting address in ESA85 2 memory space The parameter display and modification procedures are menu driven and are completely simi
61. ally modifying the contents if the EXEC key is pressed the command is terminated If the NEXT key is pressed the above abbreviation and contents of the next register according to the order shown in Table 3 2 are displayed and opened for modification Note that the sequence is not cyclic and thus pressing the NEXT key when the PCL is displayed will terminate the command If the PREV key is pressed the abbreviation and contents of the previous register according to the order shown in Table 3 2 are displayed and opened for modification KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual Key Pressed RESET EXAM MEM 8 H 8 NEXT EXEC Display Address Field Data Field ESA 85 xx 08 xx 3 4 3 INPUT BYTE COMMAND FUNCTION Comments System Reset Examine memory Command Contents of Register New Data H Register updated Next Register s contents displayed Command termination prompt The INPUT B YTE command is used to input accept a byte of data from an input port FORMAT IN BYTE lt port address gt NEXT NEXT EXEC OPERATION 1 To use this command press the IN B YTE key when prompted for command When this key is pressed the display is cleared and a decimal point appears at the right edge of the address field indicating that an address entry is required 2 Enter the address of the port to be read Note that the port address can be in the range 0 255 decimal only Thus only 2 hex digits are require
62. and in record mode before pressing the EXEC key Example store the contents of locations 8800 88FF on tape with a file name 123 Key pressed Display Comment Address field Data field RESET ESA 85 System Reset TPWR Tape write command 1 0001 2 0012 3 0123 Filename 123F F 123F NEXT Prompt for starting address 8 0008 8 0088 0 0880 0 8800 Starting address 8800H NEXT Prompt for ending address 8 0008 8 0088 F 088F F 88FF Ending address 88FFH Connect the microphone of the recorder to MIC Press REC and PLAY keys of the recorder EXEC sos tie Data is being recorded on the tape Display is all dots control returns to Monitor after completing the transfer cr AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 7 3 2 READING DATA FROM TAPE TPRD command implements this facility Thus to invoke this facility press TPRD key when prompted for command entry After pressing TPRD enter the desired filename followed by EXEC i e lt lt file name gt gt EXEC Then set the recorder in PLAY mode OPERATION As soon as TPRD key is pressed the display is cleared with a dot at the right edge of the address field The user must now enter the desired filename As starting and ending addresses are already stored on the tape there is no need for the user to enter these values Connect the Earphone of the recorder to EAR jack of the Tape Interface Hardware Position the tape well ahead of the approximate start of the desired file Now press th
63. anual 2 Enter the address of the port to be read Note that the port address can be in range 0 255 decimal only Thus only 2 hex digits are required to specify the port address If longer value is entered only the last two digits are valid as the port address After entering the port address enter 7 followed by CR The addressed port is read and the data is displayed 3 Pressing the key again the display shows the current data byte at the addressed input port Pressing the carriage return key terminates the command and the command entry prompt appears Notes The I O ports provided on ESA85 2 their addresses and usage are described in detail in chapter 5 on Hardware EXAMPLE Input the byte from the port 70H i e baud rate switch status 1 70 xx xx CR 4 4 8 O OUTPUT BYTE COMMAND FUNCTION The OUTPUT BYTE command is used to output a byte of data to an output port FORMAT port address gt data data CR OPERATION 1 use this command enter when prompted for command 2 Enter the desired port address Note that the port address can be in range 0 255 decimal only Thus only 2 hex digits are required to specify the port address If longer value is entered only the last two digits are valid as the port address After entering the desired port address enter and then enter the data byte to be output 3 After entering the data press the carriage re
64. anual Assume that the following program has already been entered into the memory using the EXAM MEM Command LOCATION CONTENTS LABEL INSTRUCTION 8830 C5 PUSH B 8831 0B DELAY DCX B 8832 78 MOV A B 8833 Bl ORA C 8834 C2 JNZ DELAY 8835 31 8836 88 8837 Cl POP B 8838 DI POP D 8839 El POPH 883A C9 RET Now suppose you discovered that you did not initialise BC register pair before starting the DELAY You can insert one instruction say LXI B 3030H starting at the location 8831 by the following key sequence Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field RESET ESA 85 System Reset INSERT XXXX Current Low Limit 8 0008 The LOW LIMIT of the user program 8 0088 3 0883 0 8830 NEXT XXXX Current High Limit 8 0008 The HIGH LIMIT of the program 8 0088 3 0883 A 883A OO AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field NEXT 8 0008 Low insert address 8 0088 3 0883 1 8831 i 3 0003 Insert one instruction of 3 bytes NEXT 8831 Start entering the instruction 1 8831 01 8832 XX 3 8832 05 0 8832 30 NEXT 8833 Xx 3 8833 03 0 8833 30 EXEC Instruction inserted Return to command Prompt To see that the instruction has indeed been inserted you can use the EXAM MEM command to observe the contents of the locations 8830H to 883DH 883A 3 883D Also note that the address reference for the JNZ instruction has changed
65. be found in Table 5 2 in section 5 4 8251A is operated in a polled mode However character input routine can be made interrupt driven by shorting JP11 and writing suitable RST 6 5 service routine Refer section 2 1 5 The TXD DTR RTS outputs of 8251A are shifted to RS 232C compatible voltage levels by 1488 at U9 and the RXD DSR and CTS inputs are shifted to TTL levels required by 8251A by 1489 at 015 The RS 232C compatible signals are available on 25 pin D type female connector J5 Refer the last section of this chapter for connector details NOTE If the handshake signals are not required user can short DTR DSR and RTS CTS 5 8 PROGRAMMABLE PERIPHERAL INTERFACE DEVICES ESA85 2 has four numbers of 8255As Programmable peripheral interface devices Each 8255A consists of a command port and three 8 bit programmable input output Ports called Port A port B and Port C The Port addresses of these devices can be found in Table 5 2 in section 5 4 This section describes the use of these devices One 8255A at U36 is used for implementing Prom Programmer System The system monitor initializes this device for mode 0 operation with Port A and Port C as output ports and port B as input port The 8255A at U12 is used for implementing Audio Tape interface through port lines PCI and PC6 Centronics compatible parallel printer interface through port B PCO and PC7 and for reading the DIP switch through port A The system monitor initializes thi
66. d NOTE During programming and verification from serial mode the location in PROM and the corresponding data that is being programmed are displayed in the Keyboard Display unit s display fields continuously After programming the specified range the system performs another verification cycle for the entire range If any mismatch 15 found it displays the message VERIFY FAILURE where XXXX is the PROM location where verify failed Then control returns to the monitor oO AD Do ESA 85 2 User s Manual 9 4 9 2 2 V COMMAND This command is used to verify the contents of a PROM against a source The parameters and their interpretation is completely similar to that of the P Command If the verification is successful the 16 Bit checksum is displayed and the Serial Monitor command prompt appears on the next line If the verification fails a message and parameters at the point of failure are displayed as shown below VERIFY FAILURE Where XX XX is the PROM address where verification has failed Then control returns to the Serial Monitor Thus the operation of this command is quite similar to the operation of the P command except that here the PROM is just verified not programmed 9 2 3 B COMMAND This command is used to check if a specified range in the PROM is blank contains FFH This command requires the following three parameters PROM TYPE Same as for P command PROM START The absolute starting
67. d in the data field The system now waits for user input If user presses EXEC key control returns to the keyboard Monitor Pressing any other key except RESET has no effect After programming the specified range the system performs another verification cycle over the entire range If any mismatch 15 found it displays the PROM address and data and waits for user KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual input If user presses EXEC control returns to the Keyboard Monitor Pressing any other key except RESET has no effect 9 3 2 VRFY COMMAND This command is used to verify the contents of a PROM against a source The parameters and their interpretation is completely similar to that of the PROG command Tf the verification is successful the 16 bit checksum is displayed in the address field Now press EXEC key to return control to the monitor Pressing any other key except RESET has no effect Tf the verification fails then the parameters at the failed location are displayed as in the PROG command i e PROM address and data are displayed Now if EXEC key is pressed control returns to the Monitor Pressing any other key except RESET has no effect 9 3 3 BLNK COMMAND This command is used to check if a specified range in the PROM is blank consists Offh This command requires the following three parameters in that order PROM TYPE Same as in PROG Command PROM START The absolute starting address of
68. d signals RST55 RST65 RST75 are brought to the auxillary system connector P2 The signals NMIRO and PBRESETIN are brought to the main system connector P1 Refer the component layout diagram in Appendix C and chapter 5 on Hardware 2 TRAP source must be the on board signal STEP if the single step feature of the monitor is required 3 RESET IN source must be on board signal KBRESETIN if the on board key RESET is to be made use of KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual 2 2 INSTALLATION OF ESA85 2 To install ESA85 2 the following accessories are required a Power Supply 5V 1 2 AMP Additionally 12V at 250mA 12V at 100mA for serial mode of operation 30V 100mA if PROM Programmer system is being used Refer chapter 9 for details of this interface b For Serial mode of operation CRT terminal with RS 232 C interface OR Host system like an IBM PC XT AT Compatible with the driver software for host system Refer chapter 13 for details 2 2 1 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE FOR SERIAL MODE OF OPERATION a Select Serial mode of operation Ref Section 2 1 1 b Select printer if required Ref Section 2 1 2 c Set the desired baud rate Ref Section 2 1 3 d Select interrupt sources if required Ref Section 2 1 5 e Select memory configuration if necessary Ref Section 2 1 4 f Connect ESA85 2 to the CRT terminal Host system through RS 232 C cable Appendix E describes the RS 232 C interface requirements over the connector J5 Refe
69. d to move the program code from the original area to the desired area Step 2 Setup the parameters required for the RELCT routine as explained above I i JL ESA 85 2 User s Manual 14 13 Step 3 Find 4 bytes of free RAM area and enter the following program CALL RELCT Call the monitor routine to relocate the code RST 3 Return to monitor Step 4 Execute the above program using the GO command Step 5 If required alter addresses which are not memory references if any Example 9 Consider the following simple subroutine which implements a delay Assume the program is assembled from 8840 H LOCATION INSTRUCTION LABEL MNEMONIC 8840 01 FF 07 LXI B O7FF H 8843 OB DLY DCX B 8844 78 MOV A B 8845 Bl 8846 2 43 88 JNZ DLY 8849 C9 RET Let us assume that we want to relocate this program to the address 8850H As already noted the first step is to move the code using the BLOCK MOVE command The required key sequence is BLKMOVE lt 8840 gt NEXT lt 8849 gt NEXT lt 8850 gt EXEC Note that the locations 8856 8857 and 8858 contain the values C2 43 88 Thus the target address of this JNZ instruction is incorrect It should be 8853 and not 8843 Hence this value must be adjusted suitably In a larger program there might be several such memory references which have to be adjusted This can be done conveniently by using the routine RELCT We have to now set up the parameters for the RELCT routine as shown be
70. d to specify the port address If longer value is entered the last four digits entered are displayed until the NEXT key is pressed Then only the last two digits are accepted as the port address In any case this port address is duplicated in the most significant two digits of the address field of the display After entering the port address press the NEXT key The addressed port is read and the data is displayed in the data field of the display KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual 3 10 3 Pressing the NEXT key again updates the data field display with the current data byte at the addressed input port Pressing the EXEC key terminated the command and the command entry prompt appear NOTE The I O ports provided on ESA 85 2 their addresses and usage are described in detail in chapter 5 Example Input the byte from the port 70H i e baud rate switch status Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field RESET ESA 85 System Reset IN BYTE Input Byte Command 7 0007 Port Address 0 0070 NEXT 7070 XX Input Data Byte NEXT 7070 XX Current Data Byte NEXT 7070 XX Current Data Byte EXEC Command termination prompt 3 4 4 OUTPUT BYTE COMMAND FUNCTION The OUTPUT BYTE command is used to output a byte of data to an output port FORMAT OUTBYTE lt port address gt NEXT data NEXT lt data gt EXEC cr AD i DO ESA 85 2 User s Manual 3011 OPERATION T TO use this command press the OUTBYTE k
71. ditor operations is a line A line of text consists of a sequence of ASCII characters terminated by the Carriage Return ASCII code ODH A line is limited to a maximum length of 72 characters adequate for all practical applications A file consists of a sequence of lines terminated by the end of file marker 1AH The file has a name which consists of a maximum of 4 hexadecimal digits Thus the conventions are same as those assumed by the Audio Tape Interface software Ref chapter 7 or Audio Tape Interface I i JL ESA 85 2 User s Manual 10 1 10 2 E EDIT COMMAND To invoke the Text Editor type E when prompted for command by the Serial Monitor The Text Editor then displays a sign on message followed by the list of commands supported by the Text Editor The display appears as shown below ESA85 2 Text Editor VX Y N NEW D Delete I Insert L List R Replace X Exit LOAD The X and Y in the sign on message refer to the version and release numbers As can be seen from the above list the Text Editor supports six commands which are described in detail in the subsequent sections After listing the commands the system displays LOAD which is the prompt for loading file from the Tape If a file is to be loaded from the Audio Tape enter the file name followed by Carriage Return Ensure that the Tape Recorder is connected to ESA85 2 via the EAR jack the tape is positioned properly and the Recorder is set in the PLAY
72. dr gt Next lt breakpoint 1 gt Next lt breakpoint 2 gt Next lt breakpoint 3 gt Next lt breakpoint 4 gt EXEC COMMAND BLOCK MOVE INSERT DELETE INPUT BYTE OUTPUT BYTE COMPARE MEMORY KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual FUNCTION FORMAT Moves a block of data from one portion to another BLK MOVE lt start addr gt NEXT lt end addr gt NEXT lt dest addr gt EXEC Inserts one or more instructions in the user program INSERT lt Low Limit gt NEXT lt High Limit gt NEXT lt Low insert addr gt NEXT lt No of bytes gt NEXT lt Data gt EXEC Deletes one or more instructions in the user program DELETE Low Limit NEXT High Limit NEXT lt Low delete addr gt NEXT lt High Delete addr gt EXEC Inputs a byte from the specified port INBYTE lt Port address gt NEXT NEXT EXEC Outputs A Byte to the Specified Port OUT BYTE lt Port address gt NEXT lt Data gt NEXT data EXEC Compares two blocks of memory COMP Start address NEXT end address NEXT dest addr gt EXEC COMMAND FILL MEMORY PROG BLNK VRFY PRRD TPWR TPRD FUNCTION FORMAT Fills a block of memory with a byte constant FILL lt Start address gt NEXT lt end address gt NEXT lt data gt EXEC Programs an EPROM Refer chapter 9 Blank checks an EPROM Refer chapter 9 Verifies an EPROM Refer chapter 9 Reads an EPROM Refer chapter 9 Saves data on audio tape Refer chapter 7 L
73. e following sections In the table as well as in the subsequent descriptions the following notation is used A capital letter indicates a command mnemonic a indicates an optional parameter a KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual OO a b indicates either a or b to be entered b indicates the nature of a 1 or 2 byte hex value to be enterered by the user as a parameter or data lt CR gt indicates a Carriage Return is to be entered Further when describing the individual commands with example output from the system is underlined These symbols are used only to clarify the command formats and they are to be neither entered by the user nor output by the system TABLE 4 1 SUMMARY OF SERIAL MONITOR COMMANDS COMMAND A Assemble Blank check Compare Memory D Display Memory E Editor F Fill Memory G GO H Help I Input Byte L Read Tape M Move Memory AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual FUNCTION FORMAT Assembler Refer Chapter 11 Blank check an EPROM Refer Chapter 9 Compares 2 blocks of memory lt Start address gt lt end address gt lt destination address gt lt CR gt Displays memory contents in line formatted output D Start address gt end address gt lt CR gt Editor Refer Chapter 10 Fill a block of memory with a constant byte F start address end address constant CR Transfers the processor control from the monitor to user pr
74. e EXEC key and then press the PLAY key of the recorder The display will be dashes in all the digit positions while the search is on for the desired file As and when a filename is read by the system it is displayed in the address filed When the specified file is found the entire display will show dots Data is transferred from the tape in to the memory As noted already the starting and ending addresses of the memory block are read from the tape itself A checksum also recorded on the tape during tape write is read and is compared with the checksum of the actual data transferred If they do not match or if the data transfer is not correct the system displays error message Err and control returns to the monitor If the data is transferred without any errors control returns to the monitor which will display the command prompt dash EXAMPLE To read the contents of the file with the filename of 123F Key pressed Display Comment Address field Data field RESET ESA 85 System Reset TPRD Tape Read command 1 0001 2 0012 3 0123 F 123F Filename 123F Connect recorder using earphone jack to the EAR of theTape Interface Hardware Press play of the recorder KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual Key pressed Display Comment Address field Data field EXEC Initial display All dashes X XXX First filename found and displayed XXXX Second filename found search continues This process repeats until the required file is found 123F Spec
75. e XT852 to download AD Do ESA 85 2 User s Manual 13 1 these object code files into ESA 85 2 for execution Thus the extensive development facilities available on the PC XT AT compatible systems can be used to complement the facilities available on ESA 85 2 Further XT852 allows uploading of data from the memory of ESA 85 2 to the disk file of the computer Thus this facility can conveniently be used to save user programs 13 2 INSTALLATION NOTE Make sure that you have made a backup copy of XT 852 EXE before proceeding with the installation The detailed installation procedure is as follows a Configure ESA 85 2 for serial mode of operation and set the serial port of ESA 85 2 for 9600 Baud and No parity Refer sections 2 1 1 and 2 1 3 b Connect the computer system to ESA 85 2 over the COM1 COM2 serial port Refer to Technical Manual of your system for details regarding the signal definitions on COM ports The signal definitions of the RS 232 C port of ESA 85 2 can be found in Appendix E c Insert the diskette containing the file XT852 EXE into the available drive and run the program by typing XT852 or XT852 B to select Black and White mode if computer system has a CGA monitor d Now the following message appears on the screen XT852 Version 1 1 ELECTRO SYSTEMS ASSOCIATES PVT LTD BANGALORE Alt S Set Communication Parameters Ctrl F1 Help Alt F1 Command Help lt Esc gt Clear Command Fl P
76. e bits denies any external access to the on chip Program memory If only SECURE EXTERNAL EXECUTION bit is programmed and then a 32x8 SECURITY TABLE is programmed the chip can maintain the verify capability The data that appears on the Port 0 during the secured verification is scrambled by the SECURITY TABLE contents Erasing the EPROM erases the SECURITY TABLE as well as the security bits The device can again be Programmed Read Verified ESA 85 2 Trainer supports programming of both the security bits However it does not support programming of SECURITY TABLE To Program Security Bit 1 External Execution OPEN the Jumper plugs JPI and JP2 Program any location with any data To Program Security Bit 2 Verify Control OPEN the Jumper plug JP1 and CLOSE 1 2 Program any location with any data KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual CHAPTER 10 TEXT EDITOR 10 1 INTRODUCTION he firmware of ESA85 2 includes a powerful line oriented Text Editor for creating editing and saving ASCII text files This utility can be invoked from the Serial Monitor only Assembly language source files created and edited using this Text Editor can be assembled using the resident 2 pass Assembler Further the source files can be saved on loaded from the tape using the on board Audio Tape Interface Thus these utilities can be used to considerably simplify the task of program development The Text Editor is a line oriented one i e the basic unit of text for all e
77. e monitor Thus this command is an extremely useful debugging tool AD Do ESA 85 2 User s Manual 3 15 FORMAT SINGLE STEP lt start address gt NEXT lt start address gt NEXT EXEC OPERATION 1 To use this command press the SINGLE STEP key when prompted for command Now the contents of the user program counter are displayed in the address field and the byte at this location is displayed in the data field A dot also appears at the right edge of the address field indicating that the user can modify the value of the program counter if desired by entering the new address 2 To execute the one instruction at the current value of the program counter press the NEXT key When this key is pressed the instruction at the displayed address is executed and the new value of user PC is displayed in address field and its associated instruction byte is displayed in the data field The contents of the PC are again opened for optional modification by the user 3 To terminate command press the EXEC key Note that after terminating the SINGLE STEP Command if you again press the SINGLE STEP key control returns exactly to the point where you pressed the EXEC key EXAMPLES Example 1 Suppose the program given as Example to illustrate the GO Command has been entered in the memory Now this program can be single stepped as follows Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field RESET ESA 85 System Reset SINGLE STEP XXXX X
78. e original user instructions ERROR CONDITIONS 1 Specifying a breakpoint in PROM area 2 Specifying more than four breakpoints Examples Example 1 Suppose the following program has been entered in the memory by EXAM MEM command Location Object Code Mnemonic 8800 3E MVI A 42 8801 42 8802 4f MOV C A 8803 DF RST 3 To run this program press the keys according to the following sequence Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field RESET ESA 85 System Reset GO XXXX XX GO command current PC and the byte at this PC are displayed 8 0008 New starting address 8 0088 0 0880 0 8800 Hd ESA 85 2 User s Manual 3 14 Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field EXEC Control transferred to the program at 8800H Control returned to the monitor through the execution of RST3 Instruction Example 2 Transfer control to program assembled from the location 8000H with a breakpoint at 80 Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field RESET ESA 85 System Reset GO XXXX XX GO command Current PC and the byte at this PC are displayed 8 0008 New value of the PC 0 0080 0 0800 0 8000 NEXT Enter breakpoint address 8 0008 0 0080 E O80E 0 80E0 EXEC Control returns because of break point 3 4 6 SINGLE STEP COMMAND FUNCTION This command is used to execute a program one instruction at a time With each instruction executed control is returned to th
79. ears at the right edge of the address field Now enter the ending address of the block Press the NEXT key Monitor clears the display field and a decimal point appears at the right edge of the address field Now enter the constant Press the EXEC key to start the command execution 3 Monitor now fills the block of memory from Start Address to End Address with the specified constant Then the monitor displays the command prompt sign ERROR CONDITIONS 1 Specifying a value for the end address of the source block which is less than the value of the start address of the source block 2 Trying to fill the data in non existent or Read only Memory EXAMPLES Example 1 Filling the block of memory from 8800H to 880FH with a constant 55H Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field RESET ESA 85 System Reset FILL 8 0008 Start address 8 0088 0 0880 0 8800 NEXT 8 0008 End address of block 8 0088 0 0880 F 880F KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual 3 27 Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field NEXT 5 0005 Constant value 5 0055 EXEC Block filled Command prompt Now using the EXAM MEM key observe the contents of the locations 8800H to 880FH and observe the data to be 55H 3 5 USER DEFINED FUNCTION ESA85 2 System has one command key whose functions can be defined by the user This key labeled F1 is in addition to the standard command keys described already When the User defi
80. ed Low Limit i e the starting address of the program as remembered by the monitor from previous operations is displayed in the address field This value can be changed by the user by entering a new starting address and then pressing the NEXT key If the value displayed is not to be changed simply press the NEXT key KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual 3 19 b Now the monitor displays the assumed High Limit Present end of the user program To change this value enter the new value and press NEXT key Otherwise simply press the NEXT key c Now the monitor clears the display and a dot appears at the right edge of the address field indicating that an address entry is required Now enter the Low Insert Address i e the address starting from which insertions are to be made and press the NEXT key d Again the display is cleared and a dot appears at the right edge of the address field This time enter the number of bytes to be inserted in hexadecimal notation followed by the NEXT key e The monitor now displays the Low Insert Address in the address field and a dot appears at the right edge of the data field prompting a data entry Enter a byte value to be inserted Press the NEXT key if more bytes are to be entered After entering the last byte or after entering a byte followed by the EXEC key the command is terminated and a command prompt appears at the left edge of the display Thus this step is similar to EXAM MEM command opera
81. eferences to be changed because of this deletions process are changed automatically by the monitor The interpretation of the parameters appearing in the format of the command is same as in the INSERT command described in the previous section 1 To use this command press the DELETE key when prompted for command entry Now the LOW LIMIT is displayed in the address field The LOW LIMIT can optionally be changed by the user Then the user must press the NEXT key Now the monitor displays the HIGH LIMIT After modifying this if desired press the NEXT key 2 Now the display is cleared and a dot appears at the right edge of address field indicating that an address entry is required Enter the LOW DELETE ADDRESS i e the address starting from which instructions are to be removed and press the NEXT key 3 Again the display is cleared and a dot is displayed at the right edge of the address field Enter the HIGH DELETE ADDRESS i e the address of the last byte to be removed from the user program and press the EXEC key 4 Monitor deletes all the bytes from LOW DELETE ADDRESS to HIGH DELETE ADDRESS It then makes appropriate changes to all address reference in the program from LOW LIMIT to HIGH LIMIT ERROR CONDITIONS Specifying a LOW DELETE ADDRESS which is greater than HIGH LIMIT or HIGH DELETE ADDRESS EXAMPLE This example illustrates the use of INSERT and DELETE commands KER ESA 85 2 User s M
82. elow Switch 6 of the DIP switch OFF Disabled ON Enabled factory installed option Chapter 8 describes the parallel printer interface in detail 2 1 3 BAUD RATE SELECTION In serial mode of operation ESA85 2 configures the on board 8251A USART as follows asynchronous mode 8 Bit character length 2 stop Bits no parity Baud Rate factor of 16X Timer of the on board 8253A provides the transmit and receive Baud clocks for the USART Refer to chapter 5 for a detailed discussion of the Hardware This timer is initiated by the system firmware to provide proper Baud clock based on the settings of the DIP switch as shown below AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual Baud rate selection Baud rate 110 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 1 9200 factory installed option 2 1 4 MEMORY SELECTION ESAS85 2 has three 28 Pin sockets labelled U7 U8 U9 for memory Two of these sockets are populated and the third one is for expansion by the user System firmware 16K bytes is supplied in a 27128 EPROM at the socket U7 32K bytes of static RAM is provided by a 62256 at the socket U9 The other socket U8 is for user expansion This socket can be configured through jumper settings JP6 JP7 and JP8 to accept 2764 or 27128 or 6264 or 62256 to provide 8K or 16K bytes of PROM RAM As installed at the factory the jumpers are set for 27128 option But the socket is left unpopulated The configuration can be set
83. em and full information about the user program is saved Another way to exist from a running program and return control to the monitor is to press RESET key However in this case all register information about user program is lost Note that in any case the contents of the user portion of the RAM area are not disturbed by the Monitor Another method of breaking the program execution at a specific address is to set breakpoints After optionally modifying the user PC instead of pressing EXEC user can now press NEXT key and enter a breakpoint address User can now press EXEC or press NEXT key and enter another breakpoint address Like this user can enter a maximum of four breakpoints and then press EXEC key to initiate program execution The monitor now transfers control to user program When any of the specified breakpoints is encountered control returns to the monitor which will then save the user context and issue the command prompt OAD JL ESA 85 2 User s Manual 3 13 NOTES 1 Breakpoints are implemented by replacing the instructions at the breakpoint addresses with RST 3 instructions Upon encountering any one breakpoint the instructions at all the breakpoint addresses are replaced with the original user instructions 2 From the above description it is clear that breakpoints can be set only in RAM 3 If none of the breakpoints are encountered and user regains control via REST key then the monitor cannot restore th
84. er defined function key are unpredictable 2 Note that the monitor initializes the location reserved for the key Fl with the JMP Err instruction following either power ON or RESET Thus if the user writes his her instructions in these reserved locations and subsequently presses the RESET key then his her instructions will be overwritten KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual CHAPTER 4 SERIAL MONITOR 4 1 INTRODUCTION T his chapter describes the commands supported by the Serial Monitor Program The Serial Monitor allows ESA85 2 to be operated from a CRT terminal Host computer connected through RS 232C serial interface Refer to chapter 5 on Hardware and Appendix E on RS 232 C connector Details The system must be configured for serial mode of operation as described in section 2 2 1 The PROM Programmer System commands P R V B Audio Tape Interface Commands L W Software Development Commands E A Z are described in later chapters The remaining commands are described in this chapter When the system enters serial mode of operation the sign on message ESA85 2 SERIAL MONITOR V x y is displayed x is the current version number and y is the revision number on one line and a period on the next line indicating that the monitor is ready to accept commands from the user With the exception of RESET and KBINT keys the keyboard is completely disabled 4 2 RAM USAGE The system monitor utilizes 512 bytes of RAM from FEOOH to FFFFH
85. er is successful a 16 bit checksum is displayed Otherwise the address of the offending location is displayed in the address field and PROM data is displayed in the data field The system now waits for user input If EXEC is pressed control returns to monitor Pressing any other key except RESET has no effect 9 4 EXAMPLES Example 1 From keyboard read the contents of a 2732 PROM into memory locations 8000H to 8FFFH Key Pressed Address Field RESET PRRD NEXT NEXT ESA 2732 0000 OFFF KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual Data Field 85 Pt PS PE Comments Transfer command Type prompt PROM Start PROM End Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field NEXT 0000 bS Buffer Start 8 0008 bS 0 0080 bS 0 0800 bS 0 8000 bS EXEC 1234 successful transfer Checksum EXEC ESA 85 Return to monitor Example 2 From Serial monitor program the contents of locations 8000H to 8FFFH into a 2764 starting at 1000 User s entry is underlined only for clarity P PROM TYPE 2732 2764 lt CR gt BUFFER START 0000 8000 CR BUFFER END 0000 SFFF CR PROM STAT 0000 1000 lt CR gt PROGRAMMING IN PROGRESS Checksum 1724 9 5 SUPPORT FOR EEPROM 2816A The Prom Programmer System of ESA85 2 supports all the popular UV Erasable EPROMs as described already Further it supports the Electrically Erasable EPROM 2816A also The type number should be specified as s
86. er the unused address lines The I O devices their addresses and their usages is summarized below TABLE 5 2 I O ADDRESS MAP T O Device Address Usage 8255 1 at U40 Programmable Peripheral Interface Port A 00H Available to user Port B 01H Port C 02H The signals are available Control Port 03H on connector J1 8255A 2 at U35 Programmable Peripheral Interface Port A 40H Available to user Port B 41H The signals are available Port C 42H on connector J2 Control Port 43H 8253 5 at U8 Programmable Interval Timer Timer 0 10H Timer 0 is required for single Step facility KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual Device Timer 1 Timer 2 Control Port 8251A at U2 Address 11H 12H 13H Programmable Communication Interface Data Port Command port 8279 5 at U22 20H 21H Programmable keyboard Display Interface Data Port Command Port 8259A at U4 Programmable Interrupt Controller Data Port Command port 8255A 3 at U36 Programmable Peripheral Interface Port A Port B Port C Control Port 8255 4 at U12 Programmable Peripheral Interface Port A Port B Port C Control Port ESA 85 2 User s Manual 30H 31H 51H 56H 60H 61H 62H 63H 70H 71H 72H 73H Usage Timer 1 is used for baud clock generation Timer 2 is available to user The signals are available on connector P2 Used for implementing serial Communication Used for implementing Keyboard Disp
87. eter to be entered and it will display the default value in the address field with a dot To retain this value user can press NEXT or EXEC as required Otherwise user can enter the new value and then press NEXT or EXEC as required All entries are made into the address field only The different messages which can appear in the data filed and their meanings are given below Message in the data field Meaning Pt The type number of the PROM bS Buffer Start Address bE Buffer End Address PS PROM Starting Address PE PROM Ending Address All the parameter values are evaluated modulo 64K and a parameter entry is terminated by any valid delimiter Valid delimiters are NEXT and EXEC If an invalid entry is made the message Err is flashed in the address field and the prompt for the offending parameter is displayed again so that the user can enter the correct value Pressing the NEXT key takes the user to the next parameter if one is required Otherwise it is treated as error condition Pressing the EXEC key completes the parameter entry process of the command KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual 9 3 1 PROG COMMAND This command is used to program a PROM This command requires the following four parameters in that order PROM TYPE PROM type should be one of the type listed in section 9 1 BUFFER START Starting address of the source of data BUFFER END Ending address of the source of data PROM START Absolute Starting address of the PRO
88. ey when prompted for command When this key is pressed the display is clear and a decimal point appears at the right edge of the address field indicating that an address entry is required Enter the desired port address Note that the port address can be in the range 0 255 decimal only Thus only 2 hex digits are required to specify the port address If longer value is entered the last four digits entered are displayed until the NEXT key is pressed Then only the last two digits are accepted as the port address In any case this port address is duplicated in the most significant two digits of the address field of the display After entering the desired port address press the NEXT key Now a decimal point appears at the right edge of the data field indicating that the data byte to be output can now be entered using the hexadecimal keyboard enter the data byte to be output After entering the data press the EXEC key to output the byte to the port and to terminate the command or press the NEXT key if additional data is to be output to the addressed port NOTE As mentioned in the previous section the I O ports provided on ESA85 2 their addresses and usage are explained in detail in chapter 5 Example Output a string of ASCII characters ESA to the data port of the USART 8251 to be transmitted to a CRT terminal through the on board RS 232 C interface Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field RESET ESA 85 Sys
89. f desired FORMAT S address new data gt CR OPERATION 1 Enter 5 followed by the address of the memory location to be examined and then enter a comma The monitor will now output the contents of that location followed by a dash Note that in Serial monitor 6699 mode is always a prompt for data entry while a is the prompt for command entry 2 To modify the contents of this location the user can enter the new value now 3 Enter a comma either immediately after the prompt by the system or after the entry of a new value to examine modify the next sequential location A carriage return instead of the comma terminates the command and returns the monitor to the command entry mode ERROR CONDITIONS 1 Trying to modify the contents of non existent or PROM locations cr AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual Example 1 Examine the PROM location 11H 511 D3 lt CR gt Example 2 Examine a series of RAM locations starting at 8820H and modify the contents of the location 8822H S 8820 xx 8821 xx 8822 xx 23 CR Example 3 Examine amp alter PROM location OOH 50 3 FE When you try to modify the contents of a PROM location the monitor displays the error sign a question mark and returns the command prompt To see that the contents of the addressed location remain unaltered you can use the S command again to examine the location 0H 4 4 2 D DISPLAY MEMO
90. from 8831 to 8834 After inserting the instruction and after examining the program suppose you discover that you have two extra instruction POP D and POP H You can delete these instructions by the following key sequence Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field RESET ESA 85 System Reset DELETE 8830 Current Low Limit You do not want to change it So press NEXT NEXT 883A Current HIGH LIMIT 8 0008 New HIGH LIMIT 8 0088 KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual 3 23 Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field 3 0883 D 883D NEXT Enter Low DELETE ADDRESS Note that POP D is now at 883BH and not at 8838H 8 0008 8 0088 3 0883 B 883B NEXT Enter HIGH DELETE ADDRESS 8 0008 8 0088 3 0883 C 883C EXEC The two bytes are deleted Command prompt appears To check operation use EXAM MEM key to observe the contents location 8830H to 883BH They should be C5 01 30 30 0B 78 B1 C2 34 88 C1 C9 3 4 10 COMPARE COMMAND FUNCTION This command is used to compare two blocks of memory FORMAT COMP lt start address gt NEXT lt end address gt NEXT lt destination address gt EXEC OPERATION 1 To use this command press the COMP key when prompted for command entry When this key is pressed display filed is cleared and a decimal point appears at the right edge of the address field KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual 2 Now enter the starting address of the block of data to be compared Press the
91. from the tape as explained already 10 3 EDITOR COMMANDS As already noted the Text Editor supports six commands N D LL R and X These commands are described in details in following subsections OAD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 10 3 Each of these commands requires zero one or two parameters When two parameters are requried they must be separated by a comma A command entry is terminated by the Carriage Return Thus the system begins the interpretation of the command only after Carriage Return is entered During the entry of command parameter or text the system supports the CTRL H Back space ASCII code 08H operation As already noted the Text Editor is a line oriented one The line numbers are maintained as Hexadecimal numbers and the first line has the line number of 0001 User also must specify the line numbers as hexadecimal numbers 10 3 1 I INSERT COMMAND FUNCTION This command allows the user insert one or more lines of text into the file currently being edited FORMAT I CR Or I 4 CR In CR OPERATION This command is invoked by typing I when prompted for command by the Text Editor I can be optionally followed by the hash cahracter or by a line number Terminate the command entry with Carriage Return I without any parameters allows the user to insert text at the beginning of the file If the file is opened for the first time the system displays the message NEW FILE As text is being i
92. ful to ensure that Pin 1 of this connector is towards the lever of the trainer ZIF socket The adapter module has a 40 pin ZIF socket to house the 8751 series of microcontrolles The devices supported and the type number to be specified are given below DEVICE TYPE number to be entered 8751 8751H Bytes 21 0V 87C51 Bytes 12 5V 87CSIFA 8K Bytes 12 5V 87 51 16K Bytes 12 5V KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual Program Read Verify and Blank check commands are same and can be used exactly as described in the earlier sections Care should be taken about the jumper positions on the adapter Jumper plug JPI should be SHORT and JP2 OPEN while Program Read Blank check Verify CAUTION 8751 adapter should be installed only when the system is ON and the device selected in 8751 family Microcontroller With the adapter installed if the device selected is other than 8751 family Microcontrollers the equipment and the device can suffer severe damage 9 6 1 SECURITY BIT PROGRAMMING In the above listed devices 8751 has one security bit When this bit is programmed external access to the microcontroller is denied If such a device is read the data appears as if it is a blank device To program the security bit OPEN the Jumper plugs JPI and JP2 Program any location with any data 87C5 1 87C5 1 FA 87C51FB have two security bits called SECURE EXTERNAL bit and SECURE VERIFY bit Programming both th
93. he data field is not entered into the addressed memory location till NEXT or EXEC or PREV is pressed ERROR CONDITIONS Error conditions occurs while attempting to modify a non existent or Read Only Memory ROM location Note that the error is not detected until the PREV or NEXT or EXEC key is pressed When an error is detected the characters Err are displayed along with the command prompt character in the address field EXAMPLES Example 1 Examine a series of memory locations starting from OOOH the start of keyboard Monitor Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field RESET ESA 85 System Reset EXAM MEM Examine Memory Command 0 0000 First memory location to be examined OOOOH NEXT 0000 F3 Contents of this location NEXT 0001 3E Next location and its contents NEXT 0002 OF Next location and its contents PREV 0001 Previous locations its contents EXEC Command termination prompt Example 2 Examine and modify the contents of memory location 8200 KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual Key Pressed RESET EXAM MEM 8 D Display Address Field Data Field ESA 0008 008D 0800 8000 8000 8000 8000 85 XX OA AF Comments System Reset Examine Memory Command Memory location to be examined amp modified Contents of this location New data to be entered Command termination prompt after updating the data To check that data was updated successfull
94. hen the Text Editor s command prompt appears on the next line 10 3 3 REPLACE COMMAND FUNCTOIN This command allows the user to replace exactly one line of text with a new line of text FORMAT Rn lt CR gt OPERATION This command is invoked by typing when prompted for command by the Text Editor should be followed by the line number of the line of text to be replaced The line number must be followed by the Carriage Return If the line number specified is greater than the line number of the last line of the text or if there is no text the error message is displayed followed by the command prompt of the Text Editor on a new line If no errors are detected the systrem displays the line of text with the specified line number and prompts for new text as shown below n lt present contents of this file gt n User can now enter the new text When user terminates the text entry with Carriage Return the new line replaces the old line Note that the length of the new line can be less than or equal to or greater than the length of the old line The system automatically adjusts the rest of the text based on the length of the new line After replacing the line the Text Editor displays its command prompt on a new line NOTES 1 The Text Editor is a line oriented one Thus individual characters in a line can not be replaced The entire line has to be replaced to effect the necessary changes 2 User can abort the command by t
95. hown below Device Type Number to be entered 2816A 816A Program Read Verify and Blank check commands can be used exactly as described in the earlier sections AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual BYTE ERASE As 2816A is electrically erasable you can erase a specific location by programming FFH in that location Thus enter a data value of FFH in the source buffer locations corresponding to the EEPROM locations to be erased and then issue the normal P command This procedure will erase the selected locations CHIP ERASE The entire chip can be erased by issuing the P command and specifying a source buffer of 2K bytes capacity with each location containing a value of FFH For example assume that each location in the range 8000H to 87FFH contains the value FFH Now you can erase the entire chip by issuing the P command with the following parameters PROM TYPE 816A BUFFER START 8000 BUFFER END 87FF PROM START 0000 The system recognizes this situation and instead of programming each location with OFFH it erases the entire chip using the chip Erase feature of 2816A 9 6 SUPPORT FOR 8751 FAMILY MICROCONTROLLERS The EPROM Programmer section of ESA 85 2 trainer also supports Microcontrollers of 8751 family with an ADDITIONAL HARDWARE and 8751 adapter to the PROGRAMMER The 8751 adapter module has a 28 pin long lead IC type connector Insert this connector into the 28 pin ZIF socket on the ESA 85 2 trainer Be care
96. ified file found the entire display shows dots Data is transferred from the tape into memory Completion of data transfer successfully 7 4 OPERATION FROM THE SERIAL MONITOR The software allows the user to store data on the tape and read the recorded data from the tape as named files 7 4 1 STORING DATA ONTO TAPE W command implements this facility To use this command type W when the system prompts for a command with the dot prompt The system will now prompt for a file name as shown below FILE NAME Enter the file name followed by RETURN A valid file name consists of a sequence of hexadecimal digits User may enter any number of digits but the system retains only the last four digits If an invalid file name is entered the operation is aborted with an error message and control returns to the monitor Now the system will prompt for the starting address of the memory block to be saved on the tape START ADDRESS Enter the starting address followed by RETURN Now the system will prompt for the Ending address as follows END ADDRESS Ensure that the Recorder is connected to the interface via the MIC jack Set up the Recorder in the record mode oO AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual Now enter the ending address followed by RETURN If either of the address entries is not a valid hexadecimal number the operation is aborted and control returns to the monitor Further the ending address must be greater than or equal
97. ime With each instruction executed control is returned to the monitor Thus this command is an extremely useful debugging tool FORMAT lt start address gt start address gt CR OPERATION 1 use this command enter N when prompted for command and then enter CR Now the contents of the user program counter are displayed along with the contents of all the user registers The first byte of the instruction at User PC is also displayed 2 To execute the one instruction at the current value of the program counter press the key change the PC enter a new value and then press When this key is pressed the instruction at the displayed address is executed and then all the register values are displayed The contents of PC are again opened for optional modification by the user 3 To terminate command press the carriage return key Note that after terminating the command if if you again enter N control returns exactly to the point where you pressed the carriage return key Examples Example 1 Suppose the program given as example 1 to illustrate the GO command has been entered in the memory Now this program can be single stepped as follows ESA 85 2 User s Manual A XX D XX E XX H XX L XX HL XXXX SP PC XXXX XX 8800 42 BzXX C XX D XX E XX 1 H XX LzXX HL XXXX SP XXXX PC 8802 8802 4F lt CR gt
98. ine so we will write a further JMP at FE12 H to user RAM area and in that area we must write the service routine The program described below is a random number generator The main program consists of a simple loop to increment a one byte counter The count after reaching FFH become 0 again with one further increment and thus is always a value between 0 and FFH Whenever the user presses the KBINT key the interrupt service routine fetches the counter value masks off the most significant 6 bits displays the value thus the number displayed is always 00 01 02 or 03 and returns to the main program which continues with updating the counter value LOCATION CONTENTS LABEL MNEMONIC COMMENTS 8800 3E 0B MVI A 0BH unmask RST 7 5 8802 30 SIM Enable interrupts 8803 FB EI Initialize interrupts I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 14 9 LOCATION CONTENTS LABEL MNEMONIC COMMENTS 8804 AF 8805 3C LOOP INRA Infinite loop of 8806 C3 05 88 JMP LOOP updating the counter Notice that we must first unmask RST7 5 interrupt using the SIM instruction and then we must enable the Interrupt system using the EI instruction Enter the above program using EXAM MEM command Now we must write the service routine Assume we want to load it from 8820 H So we must write a JMP 8820 H instruction at location FE 12 H LOCATION CONTENTS MNEMONIC COMMENTS FE12 C3 20 88 JMP R75SR Jump to RST7 5 service routine Enter these bytes using EXAM
99. ing is over the system returns the command prompt of ESA 85 2 It also displays the starting address of each record being downloaded 13 4 2 UPLOAD OPERATION This feature allows uploading of the data from the memory of ESA 85 2 to the computer system and saves the data in the specified disk file in INTEL 8 Bit HEX format To perform upload operation press Ctrl U in response to the command prompt I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 13 5 The system will now prompt for the name of the disk file into which the information is to be uploaded The prompt is as follows Upload filename HEX Enter the file name with extension terminated by lt CR gt If the file already exists then the system will display File already exists Overwrite Yes No Append Select the first option by pressing lt Y gt to overwrite the contents of the existing file Pressing lt N gt will let the user specify another filename Select the third option lt A gt to append to the contents of the existing file If no error occurs the system will prompt for starting address of the program as follows Start Address Enter the starting address terminated by lt CR gt A maximum of four hex digits are allowed for the starting address Now the system will prompt for the ending address as follows End Address Enter the ending address terminated by lt CR gt A maximum of four hex digits are allowed for the ending address After
100. ion parameters can also be modified while user is in DOS by editing the file XT852 INS This file contains single data line having five integers separated by blanks representing various communication parameters These five integers represent serial communication port baud rate number of data bits number of stop bits and parity in sequence Table 13 1 shows details of the integer values and corresponding parameters Commn Baud Data Stop Parity Port intl Rate int2 Bits int 3 Bits int 4 int COMI 0 110 0 7 0 1 0 odd 0 2 1 150 1 8 1 2 1 300 2 2 600 3 1200 4 2400 5 4800 6 9600 7 Table 13 1 13 4 7 HELP On line help is available for all ESA 85 2 monitor commands and specific commands of 852 Help facility can be selected by Ctrl F1 A menu of commands is displayed from which desired command can be selected by using arrow keys and help information about that command is displayed in the remaining part of the screen Context sensitive help is available using Alt F1 This facility can be used if more information is desired about the command being entered against command prompt I i JL ESA 85 2 User s Manual 13 8 CHAPTER 14 PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 14 1 INTRODUCTION I n this chapter we will describe some programming examples which can be run on the ESA85 2 System The first set of examples are designed to illustrate the use of various command keys and the second set of examples are designed to i
101. isplay ESA P LTD in trainer display Execute the Program in KEYBOARD mode only OUTPUT EQU 0255H ADDRESS OBJECT MNENOMIC COMMENTS 8000 C2 D5 CLR 005 To select Program 8002 90 80 50 MOV DPTR 8050 8005 12 02 55 LCALL OUTPUT Output routine to display string of 7 characters 8008 02 80 00 8000 Keep data from 8050 to 8056 Program Memory 8050 D6 8051 77 8052 37 8053 83 8054 87 8055 ED 8056 97 The program is in a continuous loop Press RESET key to come out of the program JL ESA 31 51 User s Manual 11 1 11 2 Program to perform Multiplication of two numbers Execute this program either in KEYBOARD or in SERIAL MODE Taking 2 numbers in 9000 amp 9001 Data Memory and storing the result in 9002 amp 9003 Data Memory ADDRESS OBJECT MNENOMIC COMMENTS 8000 90 90 01 MOV DPTR 9001 Keep Data in 9000 amp 9001 Data Memory location 8003 A DPTR 8004 F5 F0 MOV 0F0 A 8006 90 90 00 MOV DPTR 9000 8009 A DPTR 800 4 MUL AB Perform Multiplication operation 800B 90 90 02 MOV DPTR 9002 Store the result in 9002 amp 9003 Data Memory 800E FO MOVX DPTR A 800F A3 INC DPTR 8010 5 FO MOV A 0F0 8012 F0 MOVX DPTR A 8013 75 AO El MOV 0AO 0E1 8016 78 02 MOV RO 02 8018 E2 MOVX A RO 8019 20 E3 03 JB 801 Check for Dip Switch 801C 20 00 00 0 Jump to SER Monitor 801F 02 04 FD LJMP 04 Else to K B Prompt 11 3
102. lar to the ones described for P command The starting and ending addresses of the PROM must satisfy the relations described for the B Blank check command After the optional modification of the parameters the contents of the PROM in specified range are transferred into ESA85 2 memory starting at the specified Buffer starting address The PROM addresses and data read are displayed in the Keyboard Display unit s address and data fields respectively During the transfer as each byte is written into memory it is read back and verified If the write is successful for all the locations a 16 bit checksum is displayed and control returns to the Serial Monitor If an error occurs during transfer i e unsuccessful write into a location the following message is displayed KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual WRITE FAILURE MEMORY LOCATION where XX XX is the address of the location where write failure occurred Then control returns to the Serial Monitor 9 3 OPERATION FROM THE KEYBOARD MONITOR The Keyboard of ESA85 2 has four keys which can be used to invoke the functions of the PROM Programmer System The keys and their functions are Key Function PROG Program a PROM VRFY Verify a PROM BLNK Blank Check a PROM PRRD Read a PROM Parameter Entry The following information is common to all the commands Whenever a parameter entry is required the system will display a message in the data field which indicates the type of param
103. lator Keyboard Elevator Display ADC with DAC Dual Slope ADC Dual DAC Logic Controller Traffic Lights 8253 Demo RTC Tone Generator Stepper Motor Numerical Printer etc 8 bit 16 Channel ADC 5 1 4 Floppy Disk Drive Interface 26 Core Ribbon Cable Connector Set RS 232C Interface Cable for terminal 25 pin D type male connector on both sides of the cable 852 A communication package that can be used with a PC XT AT or compatible systems with connecting cable 25 pin D type male on one end and 25 pin D type female on the other end Ni Cd battery SPECIFICATIONS CPU 8085 Operated at 3 072 MHz Memory Three 28 pin sockets offer 64K Bytes of memory as follows 16K Bytes of firmware in one 27128 32K Bytes of static RAM Using one 62256 with optional battery backup 16K Bytes of PROM RAM Optional through Jumper selections allow this socket to accommodate 2764 27128 6264 62256 Firmware Serial and Keyboard Monitors Text Editor Assembler 2pass Disassembler package can be used in serial mode only Audio tape interface driver software AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual Centronics printer interface driver software PROM Programming software Peripherals 8279 5 To control 32 keys keyboard and 6 digit 0 5 seven segment LED display 8253 5 3 Programmable interval timers Timer 0 is used for implementing single step facility Timer 1 is used for generating baud clock Timer
104. lay interface Available to user Provides support for upto 8 interrupts Used for implementing Prom programmer system Used for reading the DIP switch and for implementing Parallel Printer interface and Audio Tape interface 5 5 KEYBOARD DISPLAY INTERFACE The Keyboard Display section of ESA85 2 is controlled by 8279 The port addresses are given in section 5 4 The 8279 is configured for the following operation mode Encoded scan keyboard with 2 key lock out 8 digits 8 bit left entry display The keyboard reading is implemented by polling the command status port of 8279 User can read the keyboard in interrupt driven mode by shorting the jumper JP 12 and by writing suitable RST 5 5 service routine Refer section 2 1 5 The codes assigned to the keys of the on board keypad are listed below TABLE 5 3 SERIAL No Key Corresponding also the No shows code in code drawings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 B BLNK C VRFY D PRRD E TPRD F TPWR Fl WN AO AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual SERIAL No Corresponding also the No shows code in code drawings BLK MOVE COMP INSERT IN BYTE DELETE OUT BYTE PREV SINGLE STEP GO EXAM MEM EXAM REG NEXT EXEC NOTE RESET and KBINT keys are not connected to key board controller The signal generated by pressing the RESET key can be used to drive the signal to the CPU the shorting
105. ler 8279 LOCATION CONTENTS LABEL MNEMONIC 8800 21 OE 88 LXI 880E 8803 OE 04 04 8805 TE D10 MOV A M 8806 D3 30 OUT DATA79 8808 23 INX H 8809 OD DCR C 880A C2 05 88 JNZ D10 880D DF RST 3 880E 37 37 60 E3 ESA 85 2 User s Manual 14 15 Assume you want to relocate the program to start from 8820H and you want to move the program as well as the table of 4 bytes which starts at 880E Now if you use BLKMOVE command then write the program fragment to relocate as in Example 9 you will have all memory references properly adjusted But the first instruction will still be 21 OE 88 In otherwords though the table has been moved from 880EH to 882EH the value loaded into H L register paid will remain unaltered This is because of the fact that as already noted RELCT routine adjusts only memory reference addresses and the instruction LXI H value does not involve memory reference Hence you have to adjust such values after relocation Summarizing this example if constant data is being moved reference to such data items must be adjusted by the user I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 14 16
106. ll one byte values are interpreted modulo 256 decimal The valid range for 2 byte parameters is 0000 to FFFF and longer values are evaluated modulo 64K i e only the last four digits are valid All the commands except the X examine modify register command require only hexadecimal values as parameters The register name abbreviation entries required by the X command are described later while describing the X command in detail RESPONSE TO ERRORS Whenever an error is detected by the monitor either in the command entry or in the command execution the command is aborted the symbol is output on the command line a carriage return and a linefeed are issued and the command prompt character is output at the beginning of a new line The possible error conditions are described while illustrating the individual commands Command execution occurs only after a valid delimiter a comma or a carriage return depending on the command is entered Hence a command entry can be cancelled anytime before the delimiter is entered by committing an error That is enter any character that is not legal for the expected entry The monitor detects this error aborts the command displays symbol and returns to command entry mode 4 4 MONITOR COMMANDS Each command described in this chapter consists of a single character followed by apropriate parameters and data These commands are summarized in Table 4 1 and are described in detail in th
107. llustrate the use of monitor routines The user encountering a microprocessor trainer for the first time is strongly urged to go through this chapter in detail load and execute the programs as indicated The experienced user can skip this section and directly refer to section 14 3 to become familiar with the use of monitor routines 14 2 PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES EXAMPLE 1 The following program is a very short and simple one This program loads the registers and C with specific values and stores a specific value in a RAM location Assume the program is to be loaded from 8800 H The program and the hand assembly in shown below I i JL ESA 85 2 User s Manual 14 1 LOCATION CONTENTS MNEMONIC COMMENTS 8800 06 22 MVI B 22H Initialize Reg B 8802 OE 82 MVI C 82H Initialize Reg C 8804 78 MOV A B 8805 32 40 88 STA 8840 Load the RAM location 8808 DF RST 3 Return control to the monitor Thus the sequence of 9 bytes to be stored from location 8800 H through 8808 H is 06 22 OE 82 78 32 40 88 DF Enter these using EXAM MEM command After entering the last byte into the location 8808H press the EXEC as the delimiter Note that EXEC is only a delimiter key and is not used for executing the user program The command to be used for executing user programs is the GO command Using this command execute the above program After execution control returns to the monitor Note that this happens because of the RST3 instruction When
108. lock to be moved start address comma the ending address of the source block end address another comma and then the starting address of the area into which the source block is to be moved destination address Now enter the carriage return This operation moves the contents of memory locations from start address to end address to consecutive memory locations starting from the destination address The system determines if there is any overlap between source and destination blocks and accordingly tranfers the data beginning either at the start address or at the address ERROR CONDITIONS 1 Specifying an end address value which is less than the value of the start address 2 Trying to move data into non existent or Read Only Memory locations EXAMPLES Example 1 Move the contents of the locations 800H through 80FH to the memory block beginning at 8840H 800 80F 8840 lt CR gt Example 2 Move the contents of the locations 800H through 80FH to the memory block beginning at 200H M 800 80F 200 An attempt to move data into PROM locations produces the error message KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual 4 4 4 F FILL MEMORY COMMAND FUNCTION This command is used to fill a block of memory with a specified constant FORMAT F lt Start address gt lt end address gt lt constant gt lt CR gt OPERATION 1 Use this command enter when prom
109. low Relocation offset we want to move the program from 8840H to 8850H the offset is 8850 8840 0010H Starting address 8850H and not 8840H Ending address 8859H and not 8849H Low Limit and High Limit oO AD Do ESA 85 2 User s Manual 14 14 As the original program contains reference to addresses in the range 8840 8849H we have to specify this range for our relocation so Low Limit 8840 H High Limit 8849H Enter these parameters into the appropriate memory locations using the EXAM MEM Command Now we must CALL the RELCT routine For this purpose we have to write small program Find 4 bytes of unused RAM area say 8 8 and enter the following program and execute it using the GO command LOCATION CONTENTS COMMENTS 8 CD Call the Relocate Routine 8 1 30 8C02 06 8 DF Return to monitor Now you can use EXAM MEM command to examine the locations 8850 8859H and verify that indeed the program has been relocated 8857H location will contain 53H and not the incorrect 43H Exercise If you have installed a 62256 in the expansion PROM RAM 4000H 7FFFH try to relocate the Monitor 0000 to 3FFFH to start from 4000H Note that RELCT routine will adjust only memory reference This may necessitate further adjustments as shown in the following example Example 10 Consider the following program which outputs 4 characters stored in a table to the key keyboard display control
110. ly by typing CTRL S and it and be resumed by typing CTRL Q 2 The display can be aborted and the command terminated by typing CTRL A 3 Printer is attached and is enabled Ref section 2 1 2 then the listing appears on the Printer also 10 3 5 N NEW COMMAND FUNCTION This command allows the user to reinitialize the Text Editor I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 10 7 FORMAT N lt CR gt OPERATION This command is invoked by typing N followed by Carraige Return when prompted for command by the Text Editor When this command is involked the Text Editor is reinitialized and any old file present is marked as not present Thus the effect is an if the Text Editor is invoked for the first time after power on condition 10 3 6 X EXIT COMMAND FUNCTION This command is used to terminate the operation of the Text Editor and return control to the Serial Monitor FORMAT X CR OPERATION This command is invoked by typing X followed by Carraige Return when prompted for command by the Text Editor If there is no file in the next buffer when X command is issued control immediately returns to nw the Serial Monitor which will issue its command prompt on a new line If there is a file in the text buffer the Text Editor will first display the current name of the text file and prompt for a new name as shown below FILE NAME User can type Carriage Return to retain the name dis
111. mable Peripheral Interface Devices g Wait State Logic h Interrupts and Hold i Bus expansion j Connector details KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual 5 2 CPU ADDRESS DATA AND CONTROL SIGNALS ESA85 2 Uses 8085A CPU operated with a 6 144 MHZ crystal The on board RESET key can provide a RESETIN signal to the CPU Alternatively the on board RESET key can be disabled and an external RESETIN signal provided via the connector P1 This selection is made via the jumper JP7 Refer section 2 1 5 The RESETOUT from CPU is used to reset rest of the system Also this signal is available after inversion on connector P1 for resetting any off board peripherals The clock out from CPU is buffered by 74 LS 244 at U1 and is available on connector P1 This clock is divided by two by 74 LS 74 at U11 to provide the peripheral clock PCLK The lower address bus is demultiplexed using a 74 LS 373 at U14 and the upper address bus is buffered using 74 LS 244 at U27 The data bus is buffered using a 74 LS 245 at U26 The control signals RD WR IO M ALE INTA HLDA and RESETOUT are buffered by 74 LS 244 at U1 All these buffered signals are available on the system connector connector details are given at the end of this chapter The enable of these buffers is controlled by BHOLDA signals Thus these buffers are automatically disabled when another bus master gains control through HOLD signal to drive these signals 5 3 MEMORY ADDRESSING ESA85 2
112. mode This operation and the system responses are exactly similar to the ones described for the TR command Ref chapter 7 on Audio Tape Interface When the specified file is loaded the system displays the fo lowing message Starting Address XXXX Ending Addrers XXXX Buffer End XXXX The Starting Address and Ending Address refer to the start and end of the text file as recorded on the tape The Buffer End displayed is the current end of the text buffer Now the system prompts for a new buffer end as follows I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 10 2 BUFFER END Af the end of the text buffer is to be different from the displayed Buffer End address enter a new value followed by Carriage Return otherwise enter only a Carriage Return Now the Text Editor displays its command prompt indicating that it is ready to accept commands from the user If the response to the LOAD prompt is only a Carriage Return i e no file name is specified by the user the system assumes that no file is to be loaded from the tape It then searches the text buffer to determine if there is a valid text file in the buffer If there is no text file which will be the case if the Text Editor is being invoked for the first time after power on condition the system displays the following message and prompt Text Buffer 0F000 0F9FF Starting Address As shown above the Text Editor assumes the text buffer to be located by default from
113. n record mode and now enter the parameters as shown below lt Filename gt NEXT lt starting address gt NEXT lt Ending address gt EXEC OPERATION As soon as TPWR key is pressed the display is cleared with a dot at the right edge of the address field Enter the file name as a string of hexadecimal digits Any number of digits can be entered but the last 4 digits entered currently displayed in the address field are treated as valid After entering the filename press the NEXT key The display is again cleared with a dot at the right edge of the address field Now enter the starting address of the block of data to be transferred to the tape and press the NEXT key The display is again cleared with a dot in the address field Now enter the ending address of the block of data to be transferred to the tape After entering the ending address connect the microphone input of the recorder to the MIC jack of the tape interface hardware press PLAY and REC keys of the recorder and then press the EXEC key Now data is transferred onto the tape After writing the data the system records a checksum byte also During the transfer the display will show only dots After transferring the data control returns to the Monitor KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual IMPORTANT NOTE If the recorder is not ready and if you press the EXEC key data would be sent out from the interface and this data would not be recorded on tape Hence ensure that the recorder is ready
114. nd itself However if the user enters ESC whenever the system is looking for an entry from the user the current operation is aborted and control returns to the warm start of the Serial Monitor 9 2 1 P COMMAND This command is used to program a PROM This command required the following four parameters PROM TYPE PROM Type should be one of the types listed above in section 9 1 BUFFER START Starting address of the source of data BUFFER END Ending address of the source of data PROM START Absolute starting address of the PROM from where programming is to begin As soon as P is typed the system displays each parameter value and prompts for new value User can enter a new value followed by Carriage Return or simply enter Carriage Return if the displayed value is not to be changed Note that the parameters must satisfy certain conditions as listed below i PROM type can be only one of the valid types listed in section 9 1 ii Buffer end address must be greater than or equal to the Buffer start address iii The PROM must have enough space to accommodate all the bytes specified by the Buffer start address and Buffer end address In other words the following relation must be satisfied Prom Start Butter and Address Buffer Start Address lt Highest Absolute Address of the PROM For example suppose PROM type 15 2764 Then its highest absolute address is 1FFF H Suppose the other parameters are as follows Buffer Start
115. nds at the bottom line in reverse video for the convenience of user The bottom line is displayed as Ctrl F1 Help Alt F1 CmdHelp Alt S Commn Esc ClrCmd Alt X Exit F1 1 13 4 5 COMMAND RECALL This feature facilitates recall of the commands already entered by the user upto a maximum of 16 commands Press lt F3 gt to recall the previous command All the commands are kept in a circular buffer User may use Up arrow and Down arrow keys to traverse through the sequence of commands in backward or forward direction respectively in a circular fashion User may recall just the previous command character by character by pressing F1 desired number of times Current command being entered can be cleared by using lt Esc gt key any time before pressing lt CR gt 13 4 6 COMMUNICATION Communication parameters can be set during the session by pressing Alt S List of parameters and their current values will appear on the screen Select the desired parameter with the help of arrow keys and keep the space bar SP pressed till the desired value appears The I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 13 7 parameters allowed to be set are Communication Port COM 1 COM2 Baud Rate 110 150 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 Number of Data bits 7 8 Number of Stop bits 1 2 and Parity NONE ODD EVEN After selecting the desired values press lt CR gt to set the parameters or press lt Esc gt to ignore the values Communicat
116. ned function key is pressed monitor transfers control to a prespecified location in RAM 15 Following Power on Rest the monitor initializes this area with the instruction JMP Err Thus after Power on Reset if you press the function key Error message along with the command prompt Err is displayed MAKING USE OF THE FUNCTION KEY To use the user defined function key the user must write appropriate instructions in the locations reserved for the user function key These instructions can be written using the EXAM MEM command Note that as only 3 byes Starting from 15 are reserved for F1 key the user instruction will generally be a JMP instruction EXAMPLE Assume that the user has written the software for programming a specific type of PROM Assume that this program is assembled from location 4000H expansion ROM area One way to invoke this routine would be to use the GO command to transfer control to this program The second way is to use the function key Assume that the user has decided to use the key F1 Thus when is pressed the program at 4000H should gain control To do this user can set up a JMP instruction at FE15H as follows KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual Location Byte value Now whenever the F1 key is pressed the PROM programming routine at 4000H gets control of the system NOTES 1 If he user inadvertently uses the locations reserved for the user function key the results of pressing the us
117. ng address otherwise the system prompts again for the starting and Ending Addresses After obtaining the relevant parameters as described above the system begins the disassembly operation First it displays the following message Starting Pass 1 After completing 1 it displays the following message Starting Pass 2 After completing pass 2 the system will display the display column headers as oO AD ESA 85 2 User s Manual 12 2 ADDRESS CODE LINE LABEL MNEMONIC OPERAND The disassembled code is then displayed according to the above format The display can be halted at any point by CTRL S and restarted by CTRL Q The disassembly can be aborted at any time by CTRL A At the end the system will display End of Disassembly and the control will be returned to the Serial Monitor NOTE If the disassembly of the last instruction requires reading of data from locations beyond the specified end address the system will read them to complete the disassembly For example if the specified End address is 81FFH and the code at 81FFH is C2H which is a 3 byte instruction the system will read the required data from locations 8200H and 8201H to complete the disassembly ERROR MESSAGES 1 Label Table Exhausted This is displayed before the start of Pass 2 When the number of labels is greater than what can be accommodated in the Label Table The Pass 1 is aborted as soon as this occurs but Pass 2 goes on with some of the
118. ng of characters Regs A C H L and flags are affected Checks if the character in C is a valid hex digit Inputs C Character to be checked Outputs Carry 1 if the character is a valid hex digit 0 F Carry 0 otherwise Reg A and flags are affected Introduces a delay of 1 millisecond Reg A and flags are affected Invokes serial monitor program CHAPTER 7 AUDIO TAPE INTERFACE 7 1 INTRODUCTION tape is an economical large capacity non volatile storage medium During the program development the user can store the necessary information Programs and data on the audio tape and at a later point of time he can reload the saved information into the system memory Also the Text Editor package utilizes this interface for loading saving text files Refer chapter 10 on Text Editor This relieves the user from the burden of manually entering large volume of information every time the system is powered on Audio cassette recorder is an attractive solution as back up storage device in comparison with the more versatile Floppy Disks primarily because of the lowcost Any ordinary commercial tape recorder can be used The on board Audio Tape interface consists of the necessary hardware and software to allow the user to store data and read data from a commercial audio tape recorder The data is stored and read as named files 7 2 INSTALLATION The interface consists of two sockets one marked as MIC and other as EAR Refer
119. nnot use single step facility ESA85 2 does not make use of HOLD signal It is grounded through a 4 7K Ohm resistor An off board signal can drive this line via the connector P1 As already noted in section 5 2 HOLDA from CPU disables on board buffers Hence user can implement multiprocessor designs for eg DMA systems without any problems 5 11 BUS EXPANSION ESA85 2 permits easy expansion of the system by providing all the necessary signals on two connectors P1 and P2 The signals are STD bus compatible and thus user can easily expand the capabilities of ESA85 2 5 12 CONNECTOR DETAILS There are six connectors no ESA85 2 in addition to the power connector J4 Of these P1 is the system connector providing address data and control signals and P2 is the auxillary system connector providing additional signals for system expansion These two are strip connectors J5 a 25 pin female D type connector provides the signals for RS 232 C Compatible serial interface J3 another 25pin female D type connector provides the signals for centronics compatible parallel printer interface Two Spectra Strip type 26 pin connectors J1 and J2 provide the signals for the two 8255As available to user The signals definitions on all these connectors are listed below This information is available in Appendix B also I i JL ESA 85 2 User s Manual 5 10 CONNECTORS amp J2 PIN NO 8255 PIN PIN NO 8255 PIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 p 8
120. nserted at the beginning of the file the first line of text inserted would have the line number 0001 Thus the prompt would be 0001 Now user can insert the desired text At the end of the insertion process enter CTRL A to terminate the I command Then the Text Editor issues its command prompt on a new line I and In operate in a similar fashion in that they allow the insertion of text at specific position in the text file I allows insertion of text at the end of the current file while In allows the insertion of text just before the line with line number n If there is no file i e the file is opened for I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 10 4 the first time it will be treated as error condition Then the Text Editor issues the error message and returns its command prompt Spcification of a line number which is greater than the value of the last line number in the file is also an error condition and treated in the same way If no errors are detected the system displays the appropriate line number and the user can now enter the trext Note that the displayed line number is one greater than the last line number in the case of I and it is n in the case of I n As in the case of I option at the end of the text entry user can type CTRL A to terminate the I command The Text Editor then issues its command prompt on a new line NOTES 1 The line number gets incremented by one every time user enters a Carriage Return
121. nt to the printer also This facility is available in the serial mode of operation only However user can directly access a routine print character to print a single character This routine can be called from the user s program when the system is operating in either of the two modes keyboard or serial Further this routine prints a character independent of the setting of SW6 Thus this routine can be used to print the desired information when the system is running in the keyboard mode Even in the serial mode of operation this routine can be used to print information which may not be sent to the console The details of this routine are given below Name of the Routine PRINT Function Print a character Non printable one is printed as Calling address Input Register C ASCII code of the character to be printed Destroys Register A and Flags Example The following program prints the message ESA The program can be executed either from the Keyboard monitor or from the Serial monitor NOTE Ensure that the printer is connected to the system and that it is in ONLINE mode KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual LOCATION CONTENTS MNEMONIC COMMENTS 21 OE 80 LXI HMSG Point to the message area LOOP MOVC M Get the character CD CA 0B CALL PRINT and print it 7E MOV A M The message is assumed to be terminated by a null character 23 INXH Point to next character B7 ORA A End of the message C2 03
122. o accept the commands from the user But the monitor does not save the information about the state register values etc of any previous user program However contents of the user portion of the RAM area are not disturbed by the monitor User stack pointer will be set to EFFFH 3 2 RAM USAGE The System monitor utilizes 512 bytes of RAM from FEOOH to FFFFH as scratch pad area for System Stack and variables User program should not disturb this area otherwise the results are unpredictable 3 3 KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY As noted already the display consists of 6 seven segment LED displays separated into two fields The left filed called the address field consists of 4 digits and the right field called the data filed consists of 2 digits The 32 key keyboard consists of the following groups of keys a Hexpad 16 keys representing the hexadecimal digits 0 through F In the use of the EXAM REG command some of these represent register names also as indicated by the legends on the keytops This usage is further explained in the description of the EXAM REG command Further six of these keys serve the functions of command keys also The context of operation defines the meaning of the key b Command group 11 command keys one of which is USER DEFINED These commands are in addition to the six commands mentioned above c Delimiter group 3 keys NEXT PREV EXEC which serve as the delimiters while entering the commands data d System o
123. o another It does not consider whether the block being moved consists of program code or data Thus no relocation of program code occurs and the block is simply moved The system determines if the destination block overlaps the source block It moves the data from either the starting address or from the ending address as required when overlap exists 3 4 8 INSERT COMMAND FUNCTION This command is used to insert one or more instructions into the user program FORMAT INSERT lt Low Limit gt NEXT lt High Limit gt Next lt Low Insert Address gt Next lt No of bytes gt NEXT lt data gt EXEC OPERATION This command together with the next command to be described viz DELETE provides the user mini editing facilities INSERT command allows the user to insert the desired number of bytes into a program at a specified address The address references in the program which change became of this insertion are automatically corrected by the monitor To do such corrections and to relocate the program the monitor must know 1 Low Limit The starting address of the user program 2 High Limit Present ending address of the user program 3 Low Insert Address The address from where the bytes are to be inserted 4 No of bytes The number of bytes to be inserted in hexadecimal notation and 5 The actual bytes to be inserted a To use this command press the INSERT key when prompted for command entry When this key is press
124. oads data from audio tape Refer chapter 7 3 4 1 EXAMINE MODIFY MEMORY COMMAND FUNCTION This command is used to examine the contents of selected memory locations The contents can be optionally modified if the memory location is in RAM area FORMAT EXAM MEM address Next OPERATION 1 To use this command press the EXAM MEM key when prompted for a command When this key is pressed the display is cleared and a dot appears at the right edge of the address field data NEXT PREV EXEC indicating that an address entry is required 2 Enter the memory address of the byte to be examined As already noted memory addresses are evaluated modulo 64K This value is displayed in the address field of the display 3 After entering the address value press the NEXT key The data byte at the addressed memory location will be displayed in the data field and a decimal point a dot appears at the right edge of the data field indicating that data can be updated KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual 4 If the contents of the address memory location are only to be examined press the EXEC key to terminate the command or press the NEXT key to examine modify the next consecutive memory location or the PREV key to examine modify the previous memory location 5 To modify the contents of an addressed memory location enter the new data from the key board note that data values are evaluated modulo 256 However this new value displayed in t
125. obtaining the filename starting address and the ending address the system will gather the data in the specified address range of the ESA 85 2 reformat the data into INTEL 8 bit HEX records and store the data in the specified file Uploading in progress XXXX While the uploading is going on the system will display the starting address XX XX of each record being uploaded Once the uploading is complete XT852 will let the user specify another address range User may specify a new address range or enter lt Esc gt to terminate uploading operation The following error messages may appear during upload and download operations 1 Invalid function number OAD I i JL ESA 85 2 User s Manual 13 6 This is XT 852 internal error therefore contact ESA technical support for Assistance File not found Path not found No more files Access denied Invalid file handle Insufficient Disk space Unable to continue upload S9 ce Se Colon is not present at the start of the Record 10 Invalid data in source file the following Record 11 Checksum Error in the following Record 13 4 3 DOS COMMANDS 99 At the command prompt any valid DOS command can be entered preceded XT852 environment is saved and the DOS command is executed Then XT852 environment is restored and XT852 command prompt is displayed again 13 44 BOTTOM LINE During the session XT852 displays many of the XT852 comma
126. ogram with optional breakpoints G lt Start address gt lt breakpoint address 1 gt lt breakpoint address 2 gt lt breakpoint address 3 gt lt breakpoint address 4 gt lt CR gt Help List all the commands supported by the Serial Monitor H lt CR gt Input a byte from an specified port I I lt port address gt lt CR gt Load data from Tape Refer Chapter 7 Moves a block of memory contents M lt Start address gt lt end address gt lt destination address gt lt CR gt N Single Step Execute one instruction of user program N lt start address gt lt start address gt lt CR gt O Output Byte Output a byte to an output port lt port address gt lt data gt lt data gt lt CR gt P Program Program an EPROM Refer chapter 9 R Read Read an EPROM Refer chapter 9 S Substitute Memory Displays Modifies memory locations S address lt New Data gt CR V Verify Verify an EPROM Refer chapter 9 W Write onto tape Write data onto tape Refer chapter 7 X Examine Modify Registers Displays Modifies the processor registers X lt reg gt lt new data gt CR Z Disassemble Disassembler Refer chapter 12 4 4 1 5 SUBSTITUTE MEMORY COMMAND FUNCTION The S Substitute Memory command is used to examine the contents of specified memory locations Further if the locations are in RAM their contents can be altered i
127. ot enter them again Now the system will display the message SEARCHING THE FILE Connect the RECORDER to the interface via the EAR jack Position the tape well ahead of the approximate starting point of the desired file Set the RECORDER in the play mode As and when the system finds a file it displays the filename as shown below AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual FILE NAME X X X X If the file is not the specified one the search continues When the specified file is found it displays the message READING DATA FROM THE FILE and begings loading the data into memory As already noted the start and end addresses of the memory block are read from the tape itself Further the checksum byte recorded on the tape during Tape Write operation is also read This checksum byte is compared with the checksum calculated from the actual data read from the tape and if they do not match it is treated as error condition If the file is loaded without any errors it displays the message FILE LOADED and control returns to the monitor If any errors occur either in read or in writing into the memory it displays the message READ FAIL and control returns to the monitor Example Read the contents of the file with filename 14B3 L FILE NAME 14B3 lt lt CR gt gt SEARCHING THE FILE FILE NAME X X X X FILE NAME X X X X FILE NAME 14B3 LOADING THE DATA FROM THE FILE FILE LOADED 7 5 DATA RECORDING FORM
128. outines available in the system Monitor Chapter 6 provides the descriptions and calling addresses of such useful routines available in the keyboard monitor and in the serial monitor The programming examples which follow illustrate the use of monitor routines EXAMPLE 4 This example waits for the user to press a key and then displays the corresponding internal key code in the data filed The program is an infinite loop and to recover from this program you must press the RESET key Note The Keys RESET and KBINT are not connected to the keyboard controller So the program cannot recognize these two keys I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 14 6 LOCATION CONTENTS LABEL MNEMONIC COMMENTS 8800 CD 14 05 LOOP CALL RDKBD Get the key code 8803 57 MOV D A Reg D Hex value to be expanded 8804 CD 9D 04 CALL HXDSP the digits 8807 06 00 MVI B 00H No Dot 8809 3E 01 MVI A 01H use data field for display 880B CD E3 04 CALL OUTPUT Display the keycode 880E C3 00 88 JMP LOOP Enter this program using EXAM MEM command and execute it using GO command Whenever key is pressed any key other than RESET and KBINT keys its internal keycode is displayed and you can compare this value with the values shown in Table 5 2 in chapter 5 on Hardware Example 5 If you objective is to display a numerical value only as in the above example a much simpler way would be to use the routines UPDAD UPDDT The above program can be writ
129. peration keys RESET and KBINT keys RESET key as already noted causes a hardware reset of the system KBINT key can be connected to the RST 7 5 input It s use is explained in chapter 5 3 4 MONITOR COMMANDS The keyboard monitor is capable of executing seventeen individual commands summarized in Table 3 1 Each command is represented by exactly one key with appropriate legend on the KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual keytop The commands are described in detail in the sections which follow In both the table and in the individual command descriptions the following notation is used Upper case letters and numbers represent keyboard keys A indicates that A is an optional entry A B indicates that either A or B must be entered A indicates zero or more optional occurrences of A lt B gt indicates a 1 or 2 bytes parameter to be entered by the user TABLE 3 1 KEYBOARD MONITOR COMMAND SUMMARY COMMAND EXAMINE MODIFY MEMORY EXAMINE MODIFY REGISTER SINGLE STEP GO KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual FUNCTION FORMAT Displays Modifies the contents of a memory location EXAM MEM lt address gt NEXT Data NEXT PREV EXEC Displays Modifies 8085 register contents EXAM REG lt Reg key gt NEXT PREV EXEC Executes a single user program instruction SINGLE STEP lt Start addr NEXT Start addr NEXT EXEC Transfers control from monitor to user program Go lt ad
130. played or can enter a new file name followed by Carriage Return Ref section 10 1 for rules regarding file name The system will then display the starting and ending addresses of the text file and the ending address of the text buffer as shown below STARTING ADDRESS XXXX ENDING ADDRESS XXXX BUFFER END XXXX cr AD Do ESA 85 2 User s Manual 10 8 This will be followed by the following query SAVE Y N If the file 15 not to be saved on the tape enter The control will then return to the Serial Monitor If the file is to be saved on the tape enter Y Note that before typing Y you must connect the Audio Tape Recorder to the on board Tape Interface via the MIC jack position the tape to the desired position and set up the Recorder in the record mode Refer chapter 7 on Audio Tape Interface for detals regarding the Tape Write operations The system will then display the following message WRITING ONTO TAPE The system will record the file on the tape using the on board Tape Interface and after completing the Tape Write operation will return control to the Serial Monitor The Serial Monitor n will then issue its command prompt on a new line 10 4 A SAMPLE SESSION WITH THE TEXT EDITOR Presented below is a sample session with the Text Editor which illustrates the use of various Editor commands described above E ESA85 2 Text Editor V2 0 N NEW D Delete I Insert L List R Replace X Exit LOAD
131. ported by the keyboard monitor program In the keyboard mode the user enters the commands and data by pressing the appropriate keys on the keypad Responses are displayed by the system on the six digit 7 segment LED display Whenever the monitor expects a command the display shows a dash at the left edge of the address field possibly along with an error message or with the sign on message upon reset Thus it should be noted that irrespective of the characters appearing in the rest of the display a dash at the left edge of the display always is a command prompt When the monitor expects a parameter a decimal point will be displayed at the right edge of the field into which the parameter is to be placed The parameter will be either an address to be entered in the address field or a byte of data to be entered in the data field The only exception explained later occurs in the use of the EXAM REG command The valid range for an address parameter is from 1 to 4 hexadecimal digits and the valid range for a data parameter is from 1 to 2 hexadecimal digits Longer numbers may be entered but such numbers are evaluated modulo 64K or 256 respectively i e only the last four or the last two digits entered will be accepted ESA 85 2 User s Manual The RESET key causes a hardware reset and restarts the monitor The Monitor displays the sign on message ESA85 across the address and data fields of the display Now the monitor will be ready t
132. pted for command entry 2 Now enter the starting address of the block of memory to be filled Enter a comma Now enter the ending address of the block Again enter a comma Now enter the constant Press the Cariage Return key to start the command execution 3 Monitor now fills the block of memory form start address to end address with the speficied constant Then the monitor displays the command prompt sign ERROR CONDITIONS 1 Specifying a value for the end address of the source block which is less than the value of the start address of the source block 2 Trying to fill the data in non existent or Read only memory Examples Example 1 Filling the block of memory with a constant 55H Now you can use the D command to examine the block of memory to see that it is filled with the constant 55H 4 4 5 C COMPARE COMMAND FUNCTION Compare command can be used to compare the contents of one memory block with the contents of another memory block FORMAT C start address gt end address gt Destination address gt lt MS gt lt CR gt OPERATION 1 use this command enter C when prompted for command entry Then enter starting address of the first block a comma ending address of the first block another comma and then the starting address of the second block followed by the carriage return AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 2 monitor now compares the contents of location beginning at start address
133. r Appendix C for locating the connectors If a terminal is being used turn on the terminal If a computer system is being used turn on the system and execute the driver program Ref Chapter 13 for details g Connect the Power Supply of required capacity to ESA85 2 and turn on the power h Press the RESET Key on ESA85 2 Now the following sign on message should appear on the screen ESA85 2 SERIAL MONITOR V x y V x y indicates version x and revision y The sign on message is followed by the command prompt in the next line Now 85 2 is ready for operation in Serial mode NOTE The Display module will display Serial AD i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 2 2 2 NO RESPONSE IN SERIAL MODE If there is no response from ESA85 2 in serial mode after installing it is described in the previous section check the following items a b 9 f Check the RS 232 C cable connections at both the ends Appendix E describes the interface in detail Check the power supply connections and voltage levels Check the handshake signals of RS 232 C interface Ref Appendix E Check the baud rates of ESA85 2 and the device connected to it If a computer system is the controlling device check that the driver program is running the RS 232 C cable is connected to the correct port and that the port is working Check the configuration of ESA85 2 again DIP Switch settings jumpers NOTE DIP Swi
134. references must be adjusted appropriately for the moved program to work properly Such a process of adjustment is called Relocation Of course this is a simplistic view but adequate for the present discussion Such a relocation feature is an extremely convenient tool for debugging As an example suppose you want to debug a program located in a PROM As the program is in a PROM you can t conveniently introduce any code patches to try out alternatives If you can relocate such a program into RAM area it will be a simple matter to introduce the necessary code patches This is just one example There are many other situations where a Relocation facility can be put to good use ESA85 2 provides the user with a convenient tool for such a relocation This is done through a monitor routine RELCT whose calling address id 0630H Now we describe the use and limitations of this routine Using the Relocation routine RELECT To use this routine the following parameters must be set to appropriate values MEMORY LOCATION PARAMETER DESCRIPTION FE6D FE6E Relocation offset OFSTAD Relocation offset 2 New starting Address Present starting address I i JL ESA 85 2 User s Manual 14 12 MEMORY LOCATION PARAMETER DESCRIPTION FEOF FE70 Starting address of the program LOLMT FE71 FE72 Ending address of the program HILMT All the instructions between the starting address and ending address are relocated FE67 FE68 Low Limit of the range
135. revious Command Character lt F3 gt Command Recall Ctrl U Upload Command Ctrl D Download Command AD Do ESA 85 2 User s Manual 13 2 Command DOS Shell Command Alt X Exit Press any key to continue XT852 checks for the presence of communication ports COMI and 2 If both ports are not available it will display the message No serial port present as reported by BIOS and exits to DOS Otherwise XT852 will read the communication parameters from file XT852 INS and initializes the communication port XT852 searches current directory for file XT852 INS If search fails it will search the path given by the DOS environment variable INIT If the file is not present following message is displayed XT852 INS file not found Serial parameters are set to COMI 9600 8 2 None Do you want to change Yes No If option No is selected the communication parameters Serial Port COMI Baud 9600 Data bits 8 Stop bits 2 Parity None are set If option Yes is selected the communication parameters can be interactively modified as described in section 13 4 6 Now 852 attempts to establish communication between the computer and ESA 85 2 If ec successful the command prompt appears on the screen Subsequently during the power on or RESET of the trainer the sign on message ESA 85 2 SERIAL MONITOR Vx y appears on the screen followed by command prompt The word
136. rrupts are masked and disabled When these vectored interrupts are recognized the CPU saves the PC and starts execution from specific memory locations To allow the use of these interrupts by the user the monitor has JMP instructions at these locations The target of these JMP instructions is RAM area For example when RST 7 5 is recognized CPU pushes the current PC onto the stack and executes the instruction at 3CH The instruction at 3CH is JMP FE12H Thus now the control comes to FE12H Three bytes are available to user from FE12H Thus user should enter another JMP instruction at FE12H using for example Examine Memory command and this JMP must be to the service routine written by the user The RAM locations corresponding to different RST instructions and vectored interrupts are shown below TABLE 5 5 RAM addresses for interrupts Interrupt Corresponding RAM Location KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual Chapter 14 on Programming Examples includes an example illustrating the use of RST 7 5 interrupt In a similar way user can make use of the other interrupts TRAP input can be driven either by off board signal NMIRQ via connector P1 or by on board signal STEP Timer 0 output from 8253 Refer section 2 1 5 However ESA85 2 uses this non maskable interrupt for implementing single step facility and hence the default jumper setting allows STEP signal to drive TRAP If user wishes to drive this input from an off board source then he she ca
137. s 8800 Now the display is cleared and E appears in the left most digit of display This always indicates that a user program is running But now what is happening The has remained there We know that when control returns to the monitor via RST3 instruction the monitor will display the command prompt and sign on message This present program is extremely short one and should not take more than a few milliseconds Thus E should be displayed only for a few milliseconds and then a dash should appear In fact we should not be able to notice E at all because it appears for such a short period Thus it is clear that the program is caught in infinite loop and control is never returning to monitor Now is the time for some debugging The first thing to do of course is to recover from the erroneous program i e allow the monitor to gain control The only way to do it now would be to press the RESET key Note that this type of situation is almost the only situation warranting the use of RESET key once you initialise the system I i JL ESA 85 2 User s Manual 14 5 Now go through the code carefully to see if there are any coding mistakes Assume we find one The next approach can be the single step command So reinitialize the parameters multiplicand and multiplier and use the single step command to step through the program After executing the first three instructions check the registers B E H and L and observe their conten
138. s device for mode 0 operation with Port A and upper part of Port C as input ports and port B and lower part of port C as output ports The remaining two 8255As at U40 and U35 are completely available to user The port signals are available on connectors J1 and J2 Refer the last section of this chapter for connector details ESA 85 2 User s Manual 5 9 WAIT STATE LOGIC ESA85 2 accesses on board memory and I O devices with zero wait states However the READY input to the CPU is available on system connector 1 and user can drive this signal low to introduce wait states if required NOTE READY is pulled up to VCC through a 4 7 resistor on ESA85 2 5 10 INTERRUPTS AND HOLD ESA85 2 provides an on board programmable interrupt controller 8259A at U4 The addresses of this device can be found in Table 5 2 in section 5 4 The interrupt output of 8259A is connected to the INTR input of the CPU and the INTA output of the CPU after buffering is connected to the INTA input of 8259A The 8 interrupt inputs to 8259A can be driven by user through auxillary system connector P2 Refer the last section of this chapter for connector details RST5 5 RST6 5 and RST7 5 inputs can be driven by either on board signals 8279INT RXRDY and KBINT or by off board signals RST5 5 RST6 5 and RST7 5 via the connector P2 Refer section 2 1 5 The system monitor does not make use of these vectored interrupts Thus while on the monitor these inte
139. software can be invoked either from the keyboard monitor or from the serial monitor A 28 pin ZIF socket is provided for placing the EPROMs When a 24 pin EPROM is to be placed it must be aligned with the bottom row i e top two rows of pins are to be left blank The system uses Intelligent Programming Algorithm whenever possible which reduces the programming time significantly KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual The devices supported by the system and the type number to be entered by the user are listed below 2716 27C16 2732A 27C32A 27032 2732 2764A 27C64D 27C64 2764 27128A 27 128 27C128 27128 27256 27C256 27C256 27512 Device 25V 25V 21V 21V 25V 25V 12 5V 12 5V 21V 21V 12 5V 12 5V 21V 21V 12 5V 12 5V 21V 12 5V Type number to be entered by the user The device selection is totally software controlled and no hardware changes or jumper settings are necessary for selecting any of the above listed devices 9 2 OPERATION FROM SERIAL MONITOR The Serial Monitor provides the following 4 commands to support the PROM Programmer SYSTEM P Program Command V Verify Command B Blank Check Command R Read Command AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual Enter the appropriate command when prompted for command entry by the serial Monitor Aborting a Command Once a specific command is issued further prompts will depend on the comma
140. stem will prompt for the starting address of the program as follows Start Address Enter the starting address followed by lt CR gt A maximum of four hex digits are allowed for the starting address Now the system will prompt for the ending address as follows End Address Enter the starting address followed by lt CR gt A maximum of four hex digits are allowed for the ending address Now the system will prompt for the load offset value as follows Load offset value If the user wishes to download the file to an address range different from the actual address range of the file then a suitable offset value can be entered to enable the file to be downloaded to the desired address range For Example if the starting address of a file is 8000 and Ending address is 8OFFH and if the user wishes to download it to an address range starting at COOOH the user has to enter an offset value of COOOH 8000H 4000H In case the user wishes to download to the same address range an offset value of 0000 has to be entered or simply press lt CR gt After obtaining the Filename Starting address the Ending address and the Load offset value the system will read the file gather the data in the specified address range reformat the data for compatibility with the protocol required by ESA 85 2 and send the data to ESA 85 2 While the downloading is going on the system will display the following message Downloading in Progress X XXX After download
141. t to load this program from 8800 H Then assembling the above program let us say we get the following machine codes I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 14 4 LOCATION CONTENTS LOCATION CONTENTS LOCATION CONTENTS 8800 21 8801 00 8802 00 8803 58 8804 06 8805 00 8806 79 8807 B7 8808 CA 8809 10 880A 88 880B 09 880C ID 880D C3 880E 06 880F 88 8810 DF Now using the EXAM MEM command enter the above program After entering the last byte into location 8810 H you press the EXEC key Note that EXEC key is only a delimiter and it is not a command to start the execution of user program When you press the EXEC key after entering the last byte the EXAM MEM command is terminated and monitor returns to the command entry mode i e the display is cleared and a dash appears in the left most digit position of the display Now we have to set up the parameters for this program The parameters are the multiplicand and the multiplier Suppose we select their values as 1A H and 1 A H They must be entered into the registers B and C Use EXAM REG command to enter these values Now we are ready to execute the program Note that if this program is part of a bigger program which usually will be the case then the last instruction would have been a RET instruction But here we write RST3 instruction so that control is returned to the monitor Then we can examine the results To start the execution of the program use GO key and provide the starting addres
142. tch status is read only at power ON RESET If you change the settings either press the RESET key or switch off and then switch on the power supply If the problem still persists please contact the manufacturer 2 2 3 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE FOR KEYBOARD MODE OF OPERATION a b 9 Select Keyboard mode of operation Ref Section 2 1 1 Select interrupt sources if required Ref Section 2 1 5 Set the memory configuration if necessary Ref Section 2 1 4 Connect the power supply of required capacity to ESA85 2 and switch on the power Press the RESET key of the Keyboard Display module Now the following sign on message will appear on the seven segment display ESA 85 Now ESA85 2 is ready for operation in the keyboard mode AD i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 2 2 4 NO RESPONSE IN KEYBOARD MODE If correct sign on message does not appear in the keyboard mode check the following items a If seven segment display is totally blank check the power supply connections and voltages b If seven segment display shows random pattern check the configuration settings once again NOTE DIP Switch is read only at power ON RESET If you change the settings either press the RESET key or switch off and then switch on the power supply If the problem persists please contract the manufacturer KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual CHAPTER 3 KEYBOARD MONITOR 3 1 INTRODUCTION T his chapter describes the commands sup
143. tem Reset OUT BYTE Output Byte Command 2 0002 0 0020 Port address NEXT 2020 4 2020 04 5 2020 45 Send NEXT 2020 5 2020 05 3 2020 53 Send S NEXT 2020 4 2020 04 1 2020 41 Send A EXEC Command termination prompt IA BS ESA 85 2 User s Manual 3 12 3 4 5 GO COMMAND FUNCTION The GO command is used to transfer control of the system from the monitor to user s program with optional breakpoints FORMAT Go lt address gt NEXT lt breakpoint 1 gt NEXT lt breakpoint 2 gt NEXT lt breakpoint 3 gt NEXT lt breakpoint 4 gt EXEC OPERATION 1 To use this command press the GO key when prompted for command entry When this key is pressed the current contents of the User Program Counter are displayed in the address field and the contents of the location addressed by the PC are displayed in the data field A dot also appears at the right edge of the address field indicating that the user can update the value of User Program Counter if required To begin Program execution press EXEC key Now the address and data fields are cleared and is displayed at the left edge of the address field and control is then transferred to the user program at the current value of the User program counter return control to the monitor you can write RST3 instruction opcode DFH at the end of your program When this instruction is executed Monitor regains control of the syst
144. ten as follows if we use the routine UPDDT LOCATION CONTENTS LABEL MNEMONIC COMMENTS 8800 CD 1405 LOOP CALL RDKBD Get key code 8803 06 00 MVI B 00 No Dot 8805 32 75 FE STA FE75H Store key code in reserved location 8808 CD 7805 CALL UPDDT to Display it 880B C3 00 88 JMP LOOP Example 6 This example flashes the two fields of display alternately This program uses a subroutine to produce delay between the displays cr AD i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 14 7 LOCATION 8800 8802 8804 8807 880A 880C 880E 8811 8814 8817 8819 881B 881E 8821 8823 8825 8828 882B 882E 8831 8834 8835 8836 8837 883A 8840 CONTENTS 3E 00 06 00 21 40 88 CD E3 04 01 06 00 2144 88 CD E3 04 CD 31 88 3E 00 06 00 21 46 88 CD E3 04 3E 01 06 00 21 4A 88 CD E3 04 CD 31 88 C3 00 88 11 FF FF 1B 7A B3 C2 34 88 C9 OF 13 14 OE 16 16 10 0E 11 12 15 05 AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual LABEL MNEMONIC COMMENTS AGAIN MVI A 00H Use address field MVI B 00 No dot LXI H 8840 H Use character string starting at location 8840 H CALL OUTPUT and display Fire MVI A 01H Use data field MVI B 00 No dot LXIH 8844H Character string starts at 8844 H CALL OUTPUT Display blanks in field CALL DELAY Introduce a delay MVI A Use address field MVIB OOH No dot LXI H 8846 Display HELP in CALL OUTPUT address field MVIA O1 Use data field
145. ter interface its installation operation and connector requirements PROM PROGRAMMER SYSTEM decribes the features of the on board EPROM Programmer its installation and its operation from both keyboard and serial mode AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 TEXT EDITOR describes the line oriented text editor faciilty provided in serial mode of operation ASSEMBLER describes the operation of the powerful PROM resident 2 pass assembler provided in serial mode of operation DISASSEMBLER describes the 2 pass disassembly facility provided in serial mode of operation COMMUNICATION WITH A HOST COMPUTER SYSTEM describes how ESA85 2 can be operated from a host computer system like an IBM PC XT AT compatible system PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES presents a variety of programming examples to be executed on ESA85 2 These examples range from simple familiarization programs to more elaborate ones illustrating the use of monitor routines interrupts etc The APPENDICES contain the complete Schematics of ESA85 2 Component layout connector details and some useful reference information oO AD i ESA 85 2 User s Manual CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 4 2 1 5 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 4 3 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 4 1 3 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 5 3 4 6 3 4 7 3 4 8 3 4 9 3 4 10 3 4 11 3 5 CHAPTER 4 4 1 4
146. the PROM PROM END The absolute ending address of the PROM The parameters must satisfy certain relations as explained in the section 9 2 3 on B command Once valid parameter values are available the PROM is checked for blank state in the specified range fthe PROM is blank in the specified range the message PAS is displayed in the address field and control returns to the Keyboard Monitor Otherwise the address of the first non bank location is displayed in the address field and the PROM data is displayed in the data field The system now waits for user input If EXEC is pressed control returns to the monitor Pressing any other key except RESET has no effect ESA 85 2 User s Manual 9 3 4 PRRD COMMAND This command is used to transfer the contents of the PROM into the memory space of ESA85 2 This command requires the following four parameters in that order PROM TYPE PROM START PROM END BUFFER START Same as in PROG Command Same as in Blank Check Command Same as in Blank Check Command Starting address in ESA85 2 memory space These parameters must satisfy certain conditions as explained in the section 9 2 4 on R command Once correct parameter values are available the system reads the PROM and transfers the contents to successive locations starting from the specified Buffer start The PROM address and data are displayed in address and data fields respectively f the transf
147. the second message 880E CD 04 0B CALL DISPM _ Displays the second word SYSTEMS 8811 DF RST E Return to monitor 8900 45 AC 45 43 54 52 4F 00 8908 53 59 53 54 45 4D 53 00 Enter the program in locations 8800H to 8811H and data from 8900 to 890F using 5 command And using command execute the program Then ELECTRO SYSTEMS will be seen on the console NOTE 1 This program as well as the earlier programs can be entered using the Text Editor and assembled using the resident Assembler Disassemble the code using the Disassembler before executing the programs to see the machine codes generated 14 4 RELOCATION OF PROGRAMS What is Relocation AD Do ESA 85 2 User s Manual 14 11 Suppose you have a program assembled from a given location If you move the program code to a different location generally it will not work properly This is because of the fact that all jump call and direct load instructions will be having address references pointing to the old locations As an example consider the following DELAY subroutine LOCATION INSTRUCTION LABEL MNEMONIC 8840 FF 07 LXI B 07 8843 OB DLY DCX B 8844 78 MOV A B 8845 Bl ORA C 8846 C2 43 88 JNZ DLY 8849 C9 RET If you move the above block of code to another location say 8850H then it will not work correctly The instruction at 8846H will be JNZ 8843 while it should be JNZ 8853 as the value of the label DLY is now 8853H All such address
148. tion The monitor inserts the new bytes into the user program and makes appropriate changes to the address references that are to be changed because of the insertion NOTES 1 The monitor treats the entire program segment from LOW LIMIT to HIGH LIMIT as relocatable and adjusts all memory reference Hence if the inserted program fragment refers to locations within itself then care must be taken to see that No of bytes is subtracted from all such references before entering them 2 As the size of the program grows when a number of bytes are inserted the user should ensure that there is sufficient free memory available beyond the current end address of the user program 3 Relocation is explained in greater detail in chapter 14 on Programming Examples ERROR CONDITIONS 1 Specifying a Low Insert Address value that is greater than the value of the High Limit 2 Trying to insert instruction in non existent or Read Only Memory Example Example on the usage of INSERT command is provided in the next section after describing the DELETE Command KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual 3 4 9 DELETE COMMAND FUNCTION This command is used to delete one or more instructions from the user program FORMAT DELETE lt Low Limit gt NEXT lt High Limit gt NEXT lt Low Delete Address gt NEXT lt High Delete Address gt EXEC OPERATION This command allows the user to delete one or more instructions from a program The address r
149. tor displays the command prompt sign ERROR CONDITIONS 1 2 Specifying a value for the end address of the source block which is less than the value of the start address of the source block Trying to move the data into non existent or Read only Memory EXAMPLES Example 1 Moving the block of program code listed in the example for the GO command Key Pressed Display Comments Address Field Data Field RESET ESA 85 System Reset BLK MOVE i Block move command 8 0008 Start address of source block 8 0088 0 0880 KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual 3 17 Key Pressed EXEC Address Field 8800 0008 0088 0880 8803 0008 0088 0882 8820 Display Destination address Data Field Comments End address of source block Block moved Command prompt Now using the EXAM MEM key observe the contents of the locations 8820H 8821H 8822H and 8823H and verify that the code has indeed been moved into the destination block Example 2 Trying to move into PROM area Key Pressed RESET BLK MOVE 0 NEXT F NEXT 2 0 EXEC Address Field ESA 0000 000K 0002 0020 Err AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual Display 85 Data Field Comments System Reset Block Move command start address End address Destination address Attempt to move data into PROM area resulted in error message Command prompt 3 18 Notes BLOCK MOVE moves a block from one area t
150. ts to be O K Now step through the next instruction Reg A should be equal to the multiplier 1A H It is Now step through the instructions until JMP instruction checking the register contents after each instruction After stepping through the JMP instruction at the location 880C H we come again to the first instruction of the loop Step through it Now Reg A should contain 19 H 1A H 1 But what is it containing It is still 1 H though we have decremented the E register which is holding the multiplier value Checking E register shows that the multiplier has indeed been decremented as Reg now contains 19H So the culprit must be the MOV A E instruction As it is logically the correct instruction the error must be one of coding and we must have done a poor job while desk checking the opcodes Looking up the opcodes we find that indeed instead of entering 7B H opcode for MOV A E we entered 79H opcode for MOV A C in location 8806 H Thus the multiplier is never found to be zero and an infinite loop occurs Correct this opcode and run the program again Now it works This rather trivial example was used only to illustrate the use of the step command in debugging the programs With experience the user will certainly find many more ways in which the commands can be combined to develop useful programs 14 3 USE OF MONITOR ROUTINES The user can considerably simplify his program development if he makes suitable use of the several useful r
151. turn key to output the byte to the port and to terminate the command or press the key if additional data is to be output to the addressed port NOTE As mentioned in the previous section the I O ports provided on ESA85 2 their addresses and usage are explained in detail in chapter 5 Example Output 80H to be command port of user 8255 043 80 lt CR gt AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual 4 4 9 G GO COMMAND FUNCTION The GO command is used to transfer the control of the system from monitor to the user s program with optional breakpoints FORMAT G Start address lt breakpoint address 1 gt lt breakpoint address 2 gt lt breakpoint address 3 gt lt breakpoint address 4 gt lt CR gt m OPERATION 1 To use this command enter when prompted for command entry then enter lt CR gt The monitor will now display the current value of user program counter the instruction byte stored at this location and the data entry prompt character 2 Now if you wish to modify the value of the PC i e the address to which control is to be transferred enter the new value followed by carriage return Now the user context is restored and control is transferred to the program starting at the current value of the user program counter Breakpoints A powerful debugging tool Breakpointing a program is available to the user To use this facility enter
152. will have the label name instead of the hexadecimal address value For example L8120 DCR A JNZ L8120 I i JL ESA 85 2 User s Manual 12 1 12 2 OPERATION To use this facility type Z when prompted for command by the Serial Monitor Immediately the system displays the following sign on message ESA85 2 Disassembler Vx y Then it prompts for the starting address of the program to be disassembled Starting Address Type in the starting address for the assembled code that has to be disassembled Terminate the address with the RETURN key Now you will be prompted with Ending Address Enter the program s ending address followed by RETURN The default location of the label is FAOOH to FDFFH Note that each label requires 2 bytes of storage Thus the default allocation allows 512 labels User can alter the location and size of the Label Table if required Otherwise the default values can be choosen by typing RETURN to the prompts for Start and End addresses of the Label Table The prompts appear as shown below Label Table FA00 FDFF Starting Address Enter RETURN to retain the default address of FAOOH or enter a new starting address followed by RETURN The system now prompts Ending Address Enter RETURN to retain the default address of FDFFH or enter a new ending address followed by RETURN Note that if the user enters new values then the Ending Address must be greater than or equal to the starti
153. y press EXAM MEM key and enter memory address 8DOOH and note that is displayed in the data field when NEXT key is pressed Example 3 Trying to modify ROM location Key Pressed RESET EXAM MEM A NEXT NEXT cr ESA 000 000 000 000 Err AD I i ESA 85 2 User s Manual Display Address Field Data Field 85 10 Comments System Reset Examine memory Command Address of location to be examined Contents of this location New data to be entered Error message You tried to modify the contents of a Read only Memory location Hence the error message along with command prompt character was displayed You can repeat the above sequence of keys to see that the contents of this location are unaltered 3 4 2 EXAMINE MODIFY REGISTER COMMAND FUNCTION The examine Register Command is used to examine and optionally modify the contents of any of the 8085 s registers FORMAT EXAM REG lt reg key gt lt data gt NEXT PREV EXEC OPERATION 1 To use this command press the EXAM REG key when prompted for a command Now the display is cleared and a decimal point appears at the right edge of the address field However unlike in EXAM MEM command this prompt now means that a register name entry is required Thus the next hexadecimal key board entry will be interpreted as a register name TABLE 3 2 PROCESSOR REGISTERS Register Name Register identifier key Displa
154. y Abbreviation Register A A A Register B B B Register C C Register D D D Register E E E Flags Register F F Interrupt Mask 3 1 I Register H 8 H H Register L D L L Stack pointer High byte 4 SPH SPH Stack pointer Low byte 5 SPL SPL Program Counter High byte 6 PCH PCH Program Counter Low byte 7 PCL PCL KER ESA 85 2 User s Manual FORMAT OF INTERRUPT MASK I 0 0 0 IE 7 5 M6 5 M6 5 Interrupt Masks Interrupt Enable Flag FORMAT OF THE FLAG BYTE F S Z x AC X P X C Sign Zero Auxiliary Carry Parity Carry Fig 3 1 Format of I and F Registers 2 When the hexadecimal key is pressed the corresponding register abbreviation is displayed in the address field and the contents of this register are displayed in the data field and a data update prompt dot appears at the right edge of the data field Table 3 2 defines the 8085 register names the hexadecimal keyboard acronyms the abbreviations appearing in the address field of the display and the sequence in which the registers are displayed The formats of the flag byte F and interrupt mask I are shown in Figure 3 1 3 When the register contents are displayed with the data update prompt the contents of this register can be modified if desired To do this enter the new value from the keyboard This new value will be displayed in the data field and the register contents are updated when either the PREV or NEXT or EXEC key is pressed 4 Afterexamining and option
155. yping CTRL A before typing Carriage Return In this case the old contents remain unaltered I i JL ESA 85 2 User s Manual 10 6 10 3 4 L LIST COMMAND FUNCTION This command allows the user to display one or more lines of text FORMAT L CR or Ln CR L nl n2 CR OPERATION This command is invoked by typing L when prompted for command by the Text Editor L can be optionally followed by one or two line numbers The command entry is terminated by Carriage Return When L command is issued without any parameters the system displays the complete file i e it lists all the lines in the text file If there is no file error message is displayed and the prompt of the Text Editor is displayed on a new line If one optional line number is specified in the L command L n lt CR gt the system will display one line of text which has the specified line number is greater than the line number of the last line of text an error message is displayed and the prompt of the Text Editor appears on a new line If two line numbers are specified separated by a comma in the L command L nl n2 lt CR gt the system displays all the lines with line numbers from n1 to n2 If n2 is less than nl an error message is displayed and the prompt of the Text Editor appears on a new line If n2 greater than the line number of the last line n2 is replaced by the line number of the last line Notes 1 The display can be stopped temporari

ESA 85 - 2 USER MANUAL - Electro Systems Associates

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