Irish Dynamic Yield Model User Manual V2
Contents
1. 29 Pre Harvest Data Harvest Data Increment Data Post Harvest Data Figure 5 Layout of Data in Stand Projections Section of Screen Once thinning data are accepted it will appear in the Stand Projections Section of the screen in the same row as the pre thin data for the same year The layout of these data is illustrated in Figure 5 Users should be familiar with this layout as it is the same as is used in the Forestry Commission Yield Models for Forest Management The stand projections section of the screen also includes increment data on the far right of the screen as follows Current Annual Increment CAI CAI is the annual volume increment m per hectare of the crop at any point in time Mean Annual Increment MAI MAI is the average annual volume increment m per hectare from planting to any point in time 11 Defining a Second or Subsequent Forecast Period Once an initial thinning cycle has been completed it is possible for the user to define a new forecast period The model will populate the Grow From Section of the screen with post harvest data from the previous cycle as it is presented in the Stand Projections Section of the screen The user must then define a new forecast period in the Grow To Section of the screen and repeat the process described in Sections 9 and 10 This can be done again and again as long as the user wishes to continue extending the simulated rotation and depending on the numb2. are three un editable fields highlighted in yellow which are as follows Site Index Site Index is an Internationally recognised productivity index and expresses the expected top height of the particular stand at a reference year in the future For Sitka Spruce in Ireland this reference year is 30 The data required to generate Site Index are Top Height and Age Yield Class Yield Class can be defined as the Maximum Mean Annual Increment MMAI measured in m ha of a crop These Dynamic Yield Models only calculate Yield Class retrospectively i e once the final harvest has been simulated the model will report the achieved Yield Class of the crop In this regard it is presented here for comparative purposes with Site Index only If a crop is felled before the age of MMAI then the Yield Class reported here will not be truly accurate but will reflect the achieved productivity of the crop Page 5 of 13 Irish Dynamic Yield Models User Manual Volume After Thin The model provides a volume m ha following thinning operations which is further information to the user in deciding whether or not to grow the crop on for a further period or not If no thinning operations have been simulated then this field will remain blank 9 Growing the Forest to the Forecast Year Once the current forest inventory data have been entered Section 7 and the forecast period defined Section 8 then the user is ready to request the model to simulate t
3. is laid out in six different sections as depicted in Figure 1 The different sections are described as follows A Main Menu Bar The main menu bar is the bar across the top of the screen with File Edit Model and Info options The use of these options will be described later in the manual B Grow From Section This is the section into which forest inventory data are inputted by the user Data input is described in more detail in Section 7 Page 3 of 13 Irish Dynamic Yield Models User Manual C Grow To Section This is the section in which the user defines the forecast period and the frequency of interim forecasts This is described in more detail in Section 8 D Forest ID Section In this section the user enters administrative information about the forest for which a production forecast is being run This is described in more detail in Section 6 E Functions Sections In these sections the user requests the model to perform certain functions by clicking on the appropriate button These functions are described in more detail later in the manual F Stand Projections Section The Stand Projections Section is where forecast information appears either in detail or summary form The interpretation of information in this section is discussed in more detail later in the manual A Main Menu Bar B Grow From Section C Grow To Section D Forest ID Section J IRISH DYNAMIC YIELD MODELS FOR FOREST M aGMENT MODE
4. to replace the existing INFORM_V1 exe with the new INFORM_V1 exe select Yes 9 When this is done right click on the INFORM_V1 exe file and select Create Shortcut This will create a new file called Shortcut to INFORM_V1 exe 10 Select Shortcut to INFORM_V1 exe by clicking on it and go to Edit on the main menu bar and select Cut Close Windows Explorer and right click anywhere on the PC Desktop and select Paste from the menu that arises A new icon will appear entitled Shortcut to INFORM_VI 11 Right click on this icon and select Rename from the menu that arises This will make the name of the icon editable Type in lrish Dynamic Yield Models and then click elsewhere on the PC desktop Registered users of Irish Dynamic Yield Models will receive updated models for different species as they are produced 3 Opening the Yield Model Package Once the Irish Dynamic Yield Models have been installed and a desktop shortcut created as described in Section 2 then they can be opened at any time by double clicking on the shortcut icon on the computer desktop Following this an initial information window will appear which informs the user of the currently active model and outlines some of the parameters for its use The user should click on the OK button and the Irish Dynamic Yield Model user interface will open 4 The Screen Layout The Irish Dynamic Yield Models screen
5. DBH cm Thin Button Figure 4 Thinning Details Window Having entered the necessary thinning information as described above the user should then click on the Thin button as depicted in Figure 4 This will result in the model completing any unfilled fields in the Thinning Details window including data for Mean DBH and Mean Volume of both trees to be thinned and the post thin crop The user will have an opportunity at this stage to accept the thinning data by clicking on the Accept button at the bottom right of the Thinning Details window or to clear the thinning details by clicking on the Clear button beside the Thin button in the Thinning Details window and enter new data as described above Page 8 of 13 Irish Dynamic Yield Models User Manual IRISH DYNAMIC YIELD MODELS FOR FOREST MANAGMENT MODEL IN USE SS Thinned 2005 Eile Edit Model Info GOEL Grow to i lt Ta Reese Age eo By yrs 1 Forest Nae pa plesengton L Compartment jee o Stocking N ha b Top Height rr See atiri o Gea Mean DBH cm or 147 Basal Area m2 ha 38 6 Volume ee Show Timber Prices boe Top H Nra peH eA vat vna TopHt N ha DBH_ BA V N Vha ha DBH BA ha TN Tof N ha DEH BA Tot VoM CAI mem 14 90 2345 140 361 0 059 137 415 98 230814 7 39 2 0 072 166 123 06 0050 2 2258 147 386 0 072 163 29 x
6. Irish Dynamic Yield Models for Forest Management User Manual K gt o 2 N z is 5 COFOR NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR FOREST RESEARCH amp DEVELOPMENT Irish Dynamic Yield Models User Manual Irish Dynamic Yield Models for Forest Management User Manual Table of Contents Page 1 Overview 3 2 Installing the Models on Your Computer 3 3 Opening the Yield Model Package 3 4 The Screen Layout 3 5 Selecting a Model 4 6 Inputting Forest Identification Data 4 7 Inputting Forest Inventory Data 5 8 Defining the Forecast Period 5 9 Growing the Forest to the Forecast Year 6 10 Simulating Thinning Operations 6 11 Defining a Second or Subsequent Forecast Period 9 12 Special Features 9 12 1 Setting a thinning Frequency amp Intensity 9 12 2 Viewing a Summary Sheet 10 12 3 Timber Prices 11 12 4 Final Harvest 12 12 5 Assortments 12 12 6 Net Present Value 12 13 Exporting Data to a Spreadsheet 13 14 Printing 13 15 Closing the Irish Dynamic Yield Models Package 13 Page 2 of 13 Irish Dynamic Yield Models User Manual 1 Overview Dynamic yield models based on Irish research data and internationally accepted forest modeling principles have been produced for a number of Irish forest tree species These models facilitate bespoke forest management planning and practice These models are currently operated using a user friendly computer interface This manual will assist users of the Irish Dynamic Yield Mo
7. L IN USE SS Thizaned 2005 a f Reset Grow From ed ee oe Mean DBH fem or Basal Area m2 ha elame AfterThin eg escre Show Timber Prices _ a Age Top Ht N ha DEH BAP Wiha Na DEH Ba vn Wha ha TotVol e Tot N peA Ba VL Vibe TotVol ca ma E Functions Sections ar 3 F Stand Projections Section Figure 1 Irish Dynamic Yield Model Screen Layout 5 Selecting a Model Before entering any measurement data or producing any growth forecasts it is important that one has selected the correct model There are different models for different species There are also different models for thinned and unthinned stands To select the appropriate model go to Model in the main menu bar and select the model required The current selected model will appear in the blue coloured title bar at the top of the screen 6 Inputting Forest Identification Data This section is used to enter administrative information about the particular forest for which a production forecast is being run It is not essential that this information is inputted and the model will operate without it However it is particularly useful in the case of printed or archived records that a record is kept which links forecast information with specific forests compartments sub compartments Forest Identification data can be entered in alphanumeric Page 4 of 13 Irish Dynamic Yield Models User Manual format and use
8. are Note It is not necessary to enter both DBH and Basal Area but in the event that both are entered the model will use the Basal Area figure in subsequent calculations and not DBH When a crop is grown to a future age defined by the user in the Grow To Section the Grow From Section will update itself to contain the forecast data in that year These data can then be used to grow the crop on further to a newly defined age re entered in the Grow To Section 8 Defining the Forecast Period The forecast period is defined in the Grow To Section After completing the inputting of forest inventory data Section 7 users must then enter the age to which they want to simulate the growth of the forest in question This age must be entered in the field entitled Age Users should be careful to enter the future crop age e g 25 as opposed to the actual year e g 2014 Forecast data for interim years between the current year and the Grow To year can also be obtained and the frequency of such interim years is defined by the user in the field entitled By yrs For example if the user wishes to simulate growth of a crop from age 22 to 29 and to see the forecast stand information for every 2 years in between then they would enter 2 in the By yrs field and information for years 22 24 26 28 and 29 would be presented in the Stand Projections Section when the model is run Below the Grow To Section
9. d rotation Other Revenue ha The user should enter any other revenues associated with the crop e g premiums deer lettings etc in the appropriate year Total Revenue ha This column is automatically calculated by the model for each year of the rotation by adding timber revenues and other revenues Cash Flow ha This column is automatically calculated by the model for each year of the rotation by subtracting costs from total revenue Discounted Cash Flow ha This column is automatically calculated by the model by discounting cash flow using an interest rate defined by the user and the number of years from the present for each year of the rotation At the top of the NPV window the user must define the interest rate to be used in discounting cash flow This section also contains a button which when clicked will compute the Net Present Value once the grid has been completed by the user and also another button which will copy the grid to a clipboard for pasting in a spreadsheet The Net Present Value is presented in the top section of the window and is calculated by adding all of the figures in the discounted cash flow column 13 Exporting Data to a Spreadsheet Data that is presented by the model in the Stand Projections Section of the screen can be copied and pasted into a regular spreadsheet for further analysis by the user This is achieved as follows 1 Open a spreadsheet package on the computer and ope
10. dels in installing and operating the user interface and in allowing them to become familiar and comfortable with the use of Irish Dynamic Yield Models 2 Installing the Models on Your Computer The Irish Dynamic Yield Models come on a compact disc Insert the disc in the CD drive on your computer and close the drive Follow the following procedure to install the models 1 Right click on the Windows Start tab and select explore which will open Windows Explorer 2 Locate the CD Drive in Windows Explorer and highlight it Double click on the file called Setup exe This will commence the installation programme 3 Follow the instructions in the installation programme but keep a note of the path to the destination directory where the Dynamic Yield Model program files will be installed The default installation path will be C Program Files PC INFORM 4 Return to Windows Explorer and locate the CD drive and select it 5 Inthe CD drive will be a separate folder entitled EXE_File which should be opened by double clicking on it 6 A file called INFORM_V1 exe is located in this folder Click on this file so that it is selected and go to Edit on the main menu bar and select Copy 7 Navigate on your disk to the destination directory where the Irish Dynamic Yield Models program was installed i e C Program Files PC INFORM 8 Go to Edit on the main menu bar and select Paste When asked if you want
11. er of interventions planned 12 Special Features The Irish Dynamic Yield Models have a number of special features designed to enhance the interactivity of the models and their functionality to users These features are set out in Sections 12 1 to 12 6 below 12 1 Setting a Thinning Frequency amp Intensity After the user has clicked on the Thin button and has cleared the information note giving the threshold basal area a new window will appear in which the user is offered the opportunity to set a thinning frequency and intensity see Figure 6 The user can click No to continue as normal or can click Yes in which case the screen depicted in Figure 7 will appear Page 9 of 13 Irish Dynamic Yield Models User Manual IRISH DYNAMIC YELD MODELS FOR FOREST MANAGMENT You now have the option of thinning only once OR to set a thinning Frequency and intensity Do you wish to set a thinning frequency and intensity Figure 6 Setting a Thinning Frequency amp Intensity Window 1 In this instance the user has an option to repeat thin by identical volume only and should enter the volume to be removed at each thinning in the Thinning Column as indicated in Figure 7 The user must also complete the Thinning Frequency section of the screen Figure 7 In this the user is required to define the thinning frequency in years and to state until what crop age thinning should continue The user should ensure that t
12. he Activate Loop check box is ticked The user should then click on the Thin button which will populate the rest of the Thinning Details window The Loop button in the Thinning Frequency section should then be clicked This will result in the Stand Projections Section of the screen being filled with forecast data for the defined period IRISH DYNAMIC YELD MODELS FOR FOREST MANAGMENT Thinning at age 20 Thinning details Thinning Pastifin Basal Area m2 ha Thinning Frequence Stocking N ha Volume m3 ha Thin Until Mean DBH cm Mean Vol m3 Enter Regular Thinning Volume Here Figure 7 Setting a Thinning Frequency amp Intensity Window 2 12 2 Viewing a Summary Sheet The user can view a summary of rows years in the Stand Projections Section of the screen by clicking on the Go To Summary button in the Functions Section of the screen This summary presents data for all the years in which harvest operations are conducted the initial inputted data and the final year defined by the user When this is done the Go To Summary button interchanges with a Go To Stand Projections button which if clicked will display the complete data set Similarly the title in the Stand Projections section will change to Summary depending on the status of the Go To Summary Go To Stand Projections button This is depicted in Figure 8 Page 10 of 13 Irish Dynam
13. he growth of the particular forest sub compartment over the defined period This is done by simply clicking on the Grow button in the Functions Section of the screen as indicated in Figure 2 The forecast data will then appear in the Stand Projections Section of the screen IRISH DYNAMIC YIELD MODELS FOR FOREST MANAGMENT MODEL IN USE SS Thinned 2005 Eile Edit Model Info ce a ee U Reset Grow From ge fer By yrs fi Stacking N ha Top Height m Site Index Mean DBH fem or 13 vo Basal Area m2 ha Show Timber Prices Clear All GoTo Summary Click on Grow Button to Simulate Growth Connexion au r seau local Vitesse 100 0 Mbits s Ebaby Cmmmnckd Figure 2 Completed Forest ID Grow From and Grow To Sections Ready to Simulate Growth by Clicking on Grow Button For no thin models the user simply needs to grow the stand to the projected harvest year as there will be no removal of material from the stand between the current year and the final harvest 10 Simulating Thinning Operations For forests where thinning is planned the Irish Dynamic Yield Models allow the user to define both the timing and intensity of such thinnings The user must first complete the necessary steps described in Sections 5 to 9 of this manual Once the crop growth is simulated to a user defined age Section 9 the user can then choose to thin the crop Note If the user wishes to thin the cro
14. ic Yield Models User Manual IRISH DYNAMIC YIELD MODELS FOR FOREST MANAGMENT MODEL IN USE SS Thinned 2005 File Edit Model Info Grow fem _ _ Grow lo _ Forest iD Age YTS ccs Age faa By yrs 1 Forest Name Woodenbridge Stocking N ha en Compartment faze Top Height m 22 8 Sie dex BEJ Sub Compartment Mean DBH fom or vc Enean mata 25 00 Volume After Thin feast Gross Area ES Sole sa ovo ene a eel rte Title Interchangeable between Summary and Stand Projections Button Interchangeable as Go To Summary or Go To Stand Projections Figure 8 Summary Screen 12 3 Timber Prices The user can enter standing timber prices by clicking on the Show Timber Prices button in the Functions Section of the screen A new window will appear as depicted in Figure 9 Timber Prices Upto 074 40 0750424 26 125 to 174 175 to 224 110 46 225 to 274 17 23 275 to 424 425 to 499 500 to 599 600 to 693 700 to 799 800 to 899 300 to 999 1 000 and Over Saves Figure 9 Timber Prices Window Page 11 of 13 Irish Dynamic Yield Models User Manual To edit the timber prices the user should click on the Allow Changes button and then enter new prices in the designated fields When this is complete the user should click on the Accept Changes button To hide the timber prices window the user should c
15. lick on the Hide Timber Prices button The timber prices entered are used by the model in giving values per hectare and total values of harvested material These values are calculated by the model by multiplying the timber price for the relevant average standing tree size by the volume per hectare and the total harvest volume respectively 12 4 Final Harvest The user can conclude a simulated rotation using the Final Harvest function This function is activated by clicking on the Final Harvest button in the Functions Section of the screen When this button is clicked the model will complete the Harvest Data Component of the Stand Projection Section of the screen see Figure 5 The model will also then show the achieved Yield Class and See Section 8 and will activate the Net present Value function see Section 12 6 12 5 Assortments The model provides volume assortments 7 14cm 14 20cm and gt 20cm top diameters for crops at pre thinning and post thinning stage and also of thinning material This information is accessed by clicking on the relevant Assort button in the Thinning Details window These buttons are located at the bottom of each of the three columns Pre Thin Thinning amp Post Thin see Figure 4 The user can also view assortments of standing timber in any year when thinning is not simulated by clicking and highlighting the relevant row year in the Stand Projections Section of the sc
16. n a new or blank work book or sheet 2 Return to the Irish Dynamic Yield Model interface and click on Edit in the Main Menu Bar 3 Select either Copy Stand Projections or Copy Summary as required A confirmation message will appear on the screen saying that data has been copied to a clipboard Click OK on this message 4 Go to the opened spreadsheet and click on File in the Main Menu Bar followed by Paste The copied data will appear in the spreadsheet along with the administrative information about the forest and the current date 14 Printing To print data from the Irish Dynamic Yield Models the data must first be exported to a spreadsheet Section 13 Printing is then done in the usual way from a spreadsheet 15 Closing the Irish Dynamic Yield Models Package To close an Irish Dynamic Yield Model session the user should select File from the Main Menu Bar followed by Exit Page 13 of 13
17. n this column A simulated thinnin ng is carried out by the user either specifying the material to be removed in the thinning 2 column or the desired state of the forest post thinning 3 column To simulate a thinning by specifying the material to be removed in the thinning the user must enter data in one or more of the fields in the Thinning Column as depicted in Figure 4 The user can enter data for either Basal Area m to be removed Stocking stems ha to be removed and or Volume m ha to be removed Page 7 of 13 Irish Dynamic Yield Models User Manual To simulate a thinning by specifying the desired state of the forest post thinning the user must enter data in one or more of the fields in the Post Thin Column as depicted in Figure 4 The user can enter data for either Basal Area m to be retained Stocking stems ha to be retained and or Volume m ha to be retained Note It is not necessary to enter data for all three fields Basal Area Stocking and Volume in either of the above scenarios However in the event that data for more than one field are entered the model will prioritise the use of Basal Area data and Stocking data in subsequent calculations Thinning Parameters Pre Thin Column Thinning Column Post Thin Column IRISH DYNAMIC YELD MODELS FOR FOREST MANAGMENT Thinning at age 27 E E X Thing details Basal Area m2 ha Stocking N ha Volume m3 ha Mean
18. ng N he Ne a m Compartment Top Height m Sie index a Sub Compartment Mean DBH fem or Basal Area m2 ha 37 60 Gross Area Volume E Click on Thin Button to Commence Thinning Simulation Figure 3 Commence Thinning Simulation by Clicking on Thin Button At this point another window will appear in which the user is asked whether they wish to set a thinning frequency or not see Figure 7 This feature is dealt with in detail in Section 12 1 A new Thinning Details window will now appear on your screen as depicted in Figure 4 This window presents a matrix of five different thinning parameters and three different columns relating to thinning status The five different thinning parameters are Basal Area Expressed in m ha Stocking Expressed in stems ha Volume Expressed in m ha Mean DBH Expressed in cm not editable Mean Volume Expressed in m not editable The three different columns are as follows Pre Thin Column Presents data prior to the thinning simulation This column cannot be edited as these data have been previously determined and its fields are highlighted in yellow Thinning Column Presents data for trees to be removed in the thinning simulation Basal Area Stocking and Volume can all be edited in this column Post Thin Column Presents data following the simulated thinning exercise Basal Area Stocking and Volume can all be edited i
19. p in the current year without simulating growth i e in the same year as the inventory data were collected simply enter the current age of the crop in the Grow To Section i e the same age should be entered in both the Grow From and Grow To Sections A simulated thinning is then possible as described below In order to simulate a thinning of the crop the user should click on the Thin button in the Functions Section of the screen as indicated in Figure 3 An information note will be displayed giving the threshold basal area for the forest in question This is referenced from Forestry Commission Booklet No 34 Forest Management Tables Page 6 of 13 Irish Dynamic Yield Models User Manual Metric Hamilton amp Christie 1971 This is meant as a guide to assist users in determining the intensity of thinning to be carried out In general terms if the actual or forecast basal area in the year in question is greater than the threshold basal area then thinning is recommended whereas if the actual or forecast basal area is less than the threshold basal area then the forest in question is probably not yet ready for thinning Click the OK button on this information note in order to proceed with the thinning simulation IRISH DYNAMIC YIELD MODELS FOR FOREST MANAGMENT MODEL IN USE 5S Thinned 2005 File Edit Model Info Grow from Grow fa Forest ID B Age yrs ss Age fe By vah Forest Name nnd engton Stocki
20. reen and then clicking on the Assort button in the Functions Section of the screen 12 6 Net Present Value NPV Following final harvest the Net Present Value NPV function becomes available This function is accessed by clicking on the NPV button in the functions section of the screen A new window will appear as depicted in Figure 10 Net Present Value Operation Cash Flow ha 0 0 0 First Thin 1816 First Lift 175 0 0 2nd Thin 4251 0 100 0 2nd Lift 0 0 200 3nd Thin 4th Thin 5ft Thin Figure 10 Net Present Value Screen The Net Present Value function allows users to calculate the Net Present Value of the forestry rotation they have just simulated The window takes the form of a grid where the rows represent years in the rotation and the columns are completed as follows Page 12 of 13 Irish Dynamic Yield Models User Manual Year This column automatically presents the current age of the crop up until the age of final felling Operation The user should fill in operations that are scheduled to occur in the forest rotation in the appropriate year Cost ha The user should fill in the cost per hectare of operations as defined above Timber Revenue ha This column is automatically filled based on user defined timber prices see Section 12 3 and harvest volumes generated in the simulate
21. rs can use the tab button on the keyboard or the mouse to move between the entry fields This section is also used to input the gross area of the forest sub compartment in question and the of this area which is considered unproductive due to roads ridelines biodiversity areas check etc The gross area should be entered in hectares and care should be taken that the reduction is entered as opposed to the percentage productive area The final field in this section net area is filled automatically by the model and if no reduction percentage is entered the model assumes that the net area is equal to the gross area The field for net area is highlighted in yellow which indicates that it is not editable by the user The net area is subsequently used by the model in converting forecast timber volumes per hectare into total timber volumes 7 Inputting Forest Inventory Data Forest inventory data from the particular sub compartment in question must be input into the Grow From Section of the model in order that there is information on its current state on which to base a production forecast The following data are required to be entered Age The age of trees should be entered in years Stocking The current number of stems per hectare should be entered Top Height The Top Height should be entered in metres Mean DBH The mean Diameter at Breast Height should be entered in centimeters or Basal Area The Basal Area should be entered in m per hect
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