a Google earth user Manual for earth Science teachers
Contents
1. O My Places O Temporary Pla sr En A a Google Earth New Ss ER h kT T a image C2006 MDAEarthSat Image amp 2006 DigitalGlobe ane z e Eye The placemark can be moved out of the middle of the view now The saved view does not depend on the exact position of the placemark The yellow placemark indicator can be changed by pressing the icon in the top right of the New Placemark window A selection of indicators will become available Choose the desired icon 26006600000000 Haee ooga 000000000080 0000090000 000060000600 009009060808 0 Of BZGSEBO0RCHGa 006006008090 D 60684r 0 r 006060600006 2600666066 None Custom 10 Google Earth for Earth Science Enter a name for the first stop on the tour in the New Placemark window ex Marjum Canyon Be sure it is being added into the newly created folder Additional information about the placemark can be added in the Description window For more information refer to the Hyperlinks for Tour Stops or Overlay Images section near the end of this manual Folder OD MyPlaces it O Sightzeein House Fa L oF O Temporary Fla 7 gt we Marjun Canyon K dies 3 Mew Folder L A a E k linia ge 2006 MDA EarthSat i nal er Image 7006 DigitalGlobe 7 Advanced H Dene i I n E lt TS Th ul En Cancel iss WW Talay 6371 tt Streaming TUE a CONTE i A F graphic m2. ES A Press OK and the placemark will be added to the tour folder in the Places Frame a Repeat these steps for each additional placemark Each successive placemark will be added to the selected folder in the Places Frame on the left side of the screen Tours play in order from the top down Adding placemarks in a logical sequence may creates a backwards tour Notice that the first location added Marjum Canyon 1s apparently the last stop on this tour The tour stops can be rearranged by clicking and dragging each stop into its appropriate position in the tour list 3 Notch Peak w eE Wildhorse Ca amp Dome Canyo amp Marjum Cany p E Sightseeing start your Google Hint numbering the stops will help during the re ordering process 11 Google Earth for Earth Science SAVING THE TOUR Be sure that all the stops are arranged in the appropriate order within the Places Frame the first stop will be at the top and the last stop will be at the bottom Be sure that the tour folder and each stop are all checked Right click on tour folder and select Save As am Edit Doi Snapshot View Li Ol wa 4 Cal Copy E Not E Tempo Hide Contents Rename a Delete Contents UD Lak sions z dite Email LO Popu Share with Google Earth Community aces lt E A Save file window will open Name the file something reasona
3. Hyperlinks for Tour Stops or Overlay Images 20 Hyper IRE sIMp Co ss tre Meter ete ere S 22 SAVE VOUT Overy MAS nn E diese 23 SAN EUR PEU sere duende 24 Google Earth for Earth Science INTRODUCTION Disclaimer The work presented here is not associated with Google or GoogleEarth in any way Since its release in the summer of 2005 Google Earth has provided an uncomplicated means of combining satellite imagery with geological and geographic information in dramatic fashion While satellite visualization tends to grab the student s attention it remains necessary to integrate these techniques into lessons that include inquiry based learning activities Topics that can be studied with the aid of Google Earth include but aren t limited to e Glacial vs stream valleys e Erosion systems and cycles e Glacial landforms e Fluvial processes erosion and e Landscape regions of NY deposition e Shoreline processes such as wave e Structural Geology refraction long shore drift and e Time of day and angle of insolation associated landforms from shadows of tall objects e Igneous processes such as volcanoes e Topographic maps and flows e Planetary features e Impact craters and suspected impact e Ocean currents craters e Atmospheric circulation patterns e Plate tectonics This manual is designed to provide a description of how to use the program for all ability levels from absolute novice to seasoned expert New techniques and met
4. A Google F arth ser Manual for E arth Science eachers Eric J Fermann Eastchester High School Eric J Fermann 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pale OF CONN S ss SSSR el di eee l Foy nk 976 LEO Om E E eee re eT ee ee eee 2 Getting and Installing Goosle BAT ne Mo A Mt the ten 2 Goole Barth Controls sneen RD Re ene bees eens 2 CALC ee otoavonadauascea aicauscecunatecealedvoe N 3 JR pananscmueeras a ionedscuataes te ceemeamonreasieist 3 DAV CUS viscid axes chiedsaicacdnaniarhs E end A diiense 3 Navea en nea sel ses N 4 Mouse PE with a whe eD Contr ls ssssen sense nn eine ds 4 RON DO Ed COLORIS eaa a de nn CR Di ee 4 JD PE A PO A LOT Fran eca nadcaistet actuaiea cath deren ce S 5 Op nmne Pessac Nains 6 BHO OY d e N nn nd E A EA E E arian actu aerated E A E D E 6 Goon e Earth SC an a hate it headache eects 6 Google Barth TOUTS eea a E aO 8 De Velo pie the TOURS nn rca ie tie etre dues 8 Creale ne Tour EIRE nn de aetna 8 AIG Placemark S Se a dette one cet nn Eu banat an nee 9 Sav DO ie TOU Re A D aan terete leenr neces 12 View Tours 10 Google Earth ar ied sce mena nn io nest TN 13 TO View a tourin PUL SCCM mode ie diem a A 13 Tour COMTO oee a Sn amet lp tan 14 The Hnase Overlay FAITS Need 15 Cr Get our mas OV erlay nn dan aan einen 15 liset Your ne OV Cll A cit D end ae dti ado 16 d OUr Overlay Ines RS A do nn tee 18 Easy AVA SC VTA ON caesar a T OR deste 19 Add Placemarks to Your Overlay Image ss 20
5. ble and save it in a sensible location The file extension will be kmz or kml Either file type will work Save Fle Eee A My Computer File name House Range Tou Save as type kmz kmz Cancel E 12 Google Earth for Earth Science VIEWING TOURS IN GOOGLE EARTH Select the tour to be viewed Be sure each location is checked Press the play button at the bottom of the Places Frame to start your tour Places T ma My Places ce Marian t C gt To view a tour in Full Screen mode anyon Be sure each location to be viewed is Dome Can selected yon l NE Wildhorse Press F11 to expand Google Earth into Canyon full screen mode v E Notch Pea pi o ary Pla ade JOR Press F10 to begin the tour 13 Google Earth for Earth Science TOUR CONTROLS Tour controls can be accessed by selecting Tools gt Options and choosing the Control tab a eae E E Google Earth Google Earth Options 3 Lie Colorado River View e The Speed setting controls how quickly the view changes from one stop to the next e Tour Pause controls the pause at each stop e Play Tour controls the number of times the tour is repeated e By selecting the Advanced option additional settings can be accessed such as the fly speed between stops fly speed and the overall tour speed Press OK when finished 14 Google Earth for Earth S
6. cation Locations can be visited individually by double clicking on the place name An automated tour of the locations in the Sightseeing folder can be viewed by pressing the play button at the bottom of the Places frame The Stop and Pause buttons work as they should The development of Tours will be discussed in a later section Multiple files can be open at the same time Each will appear as a new sub folder in the places frame LAYERS Google Earth comes with a list of standard layers that can be activated by clicking the adjacent check box Most layers are obvious and self explanatory The community layers contain locations and information that have been posted by individuals in the extended Google Earth community Some are more useful than others New layers are constantly being developed and can be downloaded from a variety of websites When these layers are opened in Google Earth they appear as locations in the Places frame rather than the Layers frame They can be activated or deactivated through the checkbox next to each file Google Earth for Earth Science NAVIGATION The view of the Earth can be manipulated to display any position on Earth s surface from a wide variety of altitudes and angles There are several ways to control the view using the mouse the keyboard or the navigation frame at the bottom of the program gt Mouse PC with a wheel Controls Move the view up down and Hold left button m
7. cience THE IMAGE OVERLAY FEATURE The image overlay feature of Google Earth is a slightly more advanced and therefore more powerful use of the Google Earth program This feature allows any digital image such as a topographic map or an aerial photograph to be draped on the surface of the Earth and works in such a way that the topographic elevation under the image remains in place CREATE GET YOUR IMAGE OVERLAY Pick the subject area For the purposes of these directions an overlay of a topographic map will be used File Edit View Favorites Tools Help The image used for the Om o naO Dm goo 0 0 8 a DE overlay I ust be saved as sa http www topozone com print asp z 188n 4779877 8827855 amp e 332555 LL G Search S ye nie F4 Check i AutoLink E AutoFill fa Options a jpg bmp or some other compatible digital image The image to the right is a screen capture from www topozone com The image is a topographic map of the Mud Pond region of which is known for its AE AU VUE At Scenes gt a yr ee JA NC 5 RSN f i W Set as Desktop Item extensive drumlin field r Right click on the Nk kaS wi k 4 YON gt te a i ui Al Add to Favorites DN R j e SN LN TEAT IN sa Gi L i ie au yy hy Add To Compaq Organize image and select save faa UN NEN KUNN LEH as to capture the image Save the i image i ina sensible toi Overlay images can also b
8. dmarks Resizing the image requires patience and some practice Begin resizing in one corner of the image and work in a sequential manner around the image Once all the landmarks are lined up press OK in the Edit window The image should now be oriented and draped in exactly the right location on Google Earth Overlay Image Parameters Image URL or Filename mudpond2 JPG Browse I7 Refresh Parameters i Transparency Description Clear Advanced lignment has been achieved when landmarks in all four corners are match as they do in the top left corner of this image 18 Google Earth for Earth Science gt Easy Image Overlay Edit If the exact longitude and latitude of Si g ea aces each side of the image overlay are b My Places known they can be entered directly into 518 temporary Places the Advanced section of the Edit Image M E drumiins Overlay window ne In the Places menu on the left side of the screen right click on the image layer and select Edit bp Layers Activate the Advanced options by ply a teria checking the box next to Advanced el Select the Location tab fe OSs ayy Pees TS Boy Press OK when finished The image should now be positioned in the correct location Some minor adjustment of the overlay image may Still be necessary 19 Google Ear
9. e scanned from existing maps or images which can then be used exactly as an image obtained from the internet 15 Google Earth for Earth Science INSERT YOUR IMAGE OVERLAY In Google Earth create a new folder for the Overlay Image and any associated information by selecting Add gt Folder Google Earth File Edit Miew add Tools Help Placemark fam Folder Ctrl Shitt h Te Image Overlay Gi Network Link Path Ctrl Shitt T Polygon Ctrl Shitt P Ctr Shitt o Places C 5 Temporary Places This will open a New Folder window that will store the overlay image and any additional associated tour stops Name the folder ex Drumlins Press OK Google Earth New Folder ales Mame Drumins Create In Description Folder OS O Temporary Pla New Folder Advanced net 16 Google Earth for Earth Science Set the view in the main Google Earth window to match approximately the size and orientation of the map or image file you saved earlier Insert the digital overlay image by selecting Add gt Image Overlay Google Earth saone Placemark 37025 49 10 Places Give the overlay image an appropriate name ex Mud Pond A Google Earth New trade Overlay Select the digital image you saved m through the Browse button Be sure the image 1s being created in the correct folder Drumlins Press OK ke ya Set the descriptio
10. eo Pointer 22 21 50 15 N 119 36 52 27 W Streaming III 100 je alt 3894 76 mi WL Google Eart rL E gt Community km Lodging F YA Dining Google Eart Roads i Borders M h Communit 7 E si du ral i Sy Terrain E E Buildings En si 5 Fermann wet google earth tours doc AS Google Earth Es T 4 10 13 AM The Google Earth program displays five separate frames The main frame displays the Earth which can be manipulated in numerous ways The Navigation frame at the bottom of the screen can be used to control the view of the Earth The Search Places and Layers frames are located on the left side of the screen Google Earth for Earth Science SEARCH The search frame can be used to find locations The search can be done by entering a specific street address a zip code or longitude latitude coordinates A place location that is NOT as street address can not be searched For example a search for Mt St Helens may result in a list of locations that have nothing to do with the volcano in Washington State It is also possible to search for business addresses and to get driving directions by using the appropriate search options PLACES Files opened into Google Earth will be displayed here The Sightseeing folder is opened by default when Google Earth is started This folder contains several placemarks which can be activated or deactivated by using the check box next to the lo
11. hods are continuously being developed or identified Therefore this work is as complete as it can be at the time of its writing Addition sections may be added at later dates This manual is not intended to provide specific examples of inquiry based Google Earth activities Rather it is designed to provide the user with the skills necessary to apply this powerful program in such a way that they will see for themselves how to include Google Earth into their own classrooms Google Earth for Earth Science GETTING AND INSTALLING GOOGLE EARTH Google Earth can be downloaded from the internet site http earth google com There is a free version as well as paid versions The pay versions provide the user with more features and function including the ability to upload GPS data directly into the program This manual will focus on the features that are included and can be used with the free version To install the program visit the web address above and follow their directions GOOGLE EARTH CONTROLS After installing and opening Google Earth the initial screen will appear as it does below Google Earth a EN File Edit View Add Tools Help Fly To Local Search Du r 4 A pes T Places T C My Places al T MW w Sightseeing Start your Google Earth world tour OO v Google Ca mpus Google s hdcuintsin Layers N i Tk O Layers whe a See a ave gle bv terrain 5 gt National G
12. ill be stored in a folder a Marjum Canyon b Dome Canyon c Wildhorse Canyon d Notch Peak CREATE THE TOUR FOLDER In Google Earth create a new folder for all the tour stops by selecting Add gt Folder Google Earth File Edit View Add Tools Help Fly To Loca amp Placemark tri Folder Ctr Shift n Image Overlay Ctrl Shift o ry Network Link gs Path Ctrl ShifteT se Polygon Ctrl Shitt P Google Earth for Earth Science The folder being created will contain the each stop or placemark of the tour Enter a name for the tour folder ex House Range Press OK ADD PLACEMARKS Set the image in the main frame to display Earth s features for the first stop of the tour Consider the altitude angle and direction of the view The orientation of the image will be stored along with the location Create a new placemark by Selecting the Add gt Placemark Google Earth Fly lo PG Placemark tri s l e g San Fran a n A Ne o Inana imera C gt reg En Dih A i i ae z TE e ES z AR Li nk Path I Places a a EE or by clicking on the blue Add Placemark icon in the Navigation Frame at the bottom of the screen Google Earth for Earth Science Either option will insert a yellow placemark and open a New Placemark window D M Google Earth New Placemark 1 1x A Name a Google Earth Mew Placemark uns RE ac nt
13. l open a new Save File window Name your file something appropriate drumlins in a logical location select kmz as the file type and press Save 25 Google Earth for Earth Science SUMMARY Google Earth provides unique opportunity and perspective for students to visualize the world especially for locations that students are unlikely to visit The ability to easily manipulate the program to yield content specific information makes the application useful to all Earth Science classrooms The information contained in this manual will hopefully provide educators with the ability to utilize the Google Earth program in a variety of methods in their own classrooms Additional information and examples of technology driven activities can be found at the following websites http www eastchester k12 ny us schools hs teachers fermann GE htm and from a link off of http www bedford k12 ny us flhs science geohome html 24
14. n of the feature uy The digital image will now be draped across the surface of Google Earth 17 EDIT YOUR OVERLAY IMAGE Google Earth for Earth Science Your image will most likely NOT be oriented or sized exactly as it should be It will therefore be necessary to edit or skew its size so that it matches exactly with Google Earth If you know the exact latitude and longitude of all four sides of your image please skip the Easy Image Overlay Edit section below This is rare Places In the Places menu on the left side of the screen p CIS my Places MF right click on the image layer and select Edit we Temporary Places Drumlins will p Snapshot view cut a con Rename b Delete C Layers pi terrain Refresh p National Geog caye as rl Google Earth 1 Community 5 lace green markers at each corner of your overlay image a green cross in the center of the image a peculiar green diamond in the middle of the left side of your image This will open an Edit Image Overlay window and Save To My Places Each of these can be respectively used to resize C Google Earth Email move and rotate the image on the Google Earth mmunity UNT Share with Google Earth Co screen Using landmarks from both the overlay image and Google Earth begin to resize the overlay image It is often easiest to activate the roads layer M 5 which can serve as lan
15. ncluding Google Earth Options e The Detail Area controls how much of the screen is displayed in detail A smaller area of detail allows for faster navigation and image rasterizing e The Compass option under Rendering toggles on or off the compass e The Atmosphere option under Rendering toggles on or off the atmosphere The checked option displays the Earth during day and objects in the distance are viewed through a haze The unchecked option simulates the Earth on a clear night without the distance haze e Elevation Exaggeration under Rendering allows vertical exaggeration to be increased or decreased A setting of 1 displays the Earth s topography without exaggeration Values between 1 and 3 can be entered e Lat Lon and Elevation under Rendering controls the details of the units displayed in Google Earth Google Earth for Earth Science GOOGLE EARTH TOURS Tours are an effective way to automate a fly by of Earth s geographic and geologic features When properly constructed they can act as an introduction to new content as a supplement to developed labs or activities or as part of a stand alone technology driven application DEVELOPING THE TOUR Consider developing a list mentally or written of the desired locations for the tour The following example creates a tour beginning with Marjum Canyon in the House Range of western Utah Each stop will be assigned a unique placemark The entire tour w
16. ove mouse right left up down right left Zoom in Hold right button move mouse down Zoom out Hold right button move mouse up View at a more direct angle Hold wheel middle button move mouse up View at a less direct angle Hold wheel middle button move mouse down move mouse right across the top of the screen Rotate view counterclockwise Hold wheel middle button Rotate view clockwise Hold wheel middle button move mouse left across the bottom of the screen Move the view Arrow keys up down and right left Zoom in plus key Ctrl and up arrow Zoom out minus key Ctrl and down arrow View at a more direct Page Up Shift and up arrow angle View at a less direct Page Down Shift and down angle arrow Rotate view Shift and left arrow clockwise Rotate view Shift and right arrow counterclockwise Google Earth for Earth Science gt Navigation Frame The lower frame of the Google Earth window detail below can be used to navigate around the Earth The frame has been broken into different zones labeled A K M ps Lodging M 4 Dining Roads Borders V CS Terrain E Zooms in and out Use either the buttons or the bar F Changes the angle of the view buttons or the bar Up is more direct down is less direct G Re
17. sets the image so north is to the top of the screen H Resets the tilt to 90 I Adds a placemark J Prints the image K Emails the image Google Earth for Earth Science OPENING FILES Google Earth files can be opened the same way that any other application would open files 1 Start the Google Earth Program 2 Select File gt Open 3 Choose the appropriate file and press OK Google Earth files will be opened into the Places frame where they can be activated or deactivated by using the checkbox next to each placemark or layer FILE TYPES Two basic Google Earth file types exist KML The KML file is a flat file or text based file composed of Tags similar to XML or HTML KMZ KMZ files are KML files that have been zipped up along with their related files such as image overlays This means that you can share image overlays and custom icons without having to publish the files on an external web server or mail them as an attachment with the KML GOOGLE EARTH SETTINGS Google Earth settings can be controlled to enhance the area of detail vertical exaggeration tour speeds etc Access the settings by selecting Tools gt Options to open the Options window File Edit View Add Tools Help Fly To Local Seai iy Navigation Panel y Places w Layers Et Search Measure GPS Device Wek sata Google Earth for Earth Science The View tab allows the user to control many features i
18. t All characters must be entered The link URL must be replaced with the appropriate http www The Link Description will be replaced with the word or phrase that will act as the link 21 Google Earth for Earth Science gt Hyperlink Example The following example can be entered to link the definition of a drumlin to the word drumlin The lt A HREF http geology e dictionarypage info drumlin gt Drumlin lt A gt field near Mud Pond in Wayne County NY is one of the finest examples of these glacial deposits in NY State When the placemark is x La P i e then visited and selected this sentence will appear in a bubble with the Drumiins hyperlink activated Mes The Drumlin field near Mud Pond in Wayne County MY is one of the When the hyperlink IS finest examples of these glacial clicked an external web browser window will appear and be directed to the specified link deposits int State Directions To here From here 22 Google Earth for Earth Science SAVE YOUR OVERLAY IMAGE When saving a folder that contains an image overlay and additional placemarks a kmz file will be created Right click on the folder containing the overlay and placemarks and select Save AS LIS My PaE lt Tempo C Drur My 2878 To My Places M 6 Ste Email The ste Shar drurmlir _ 11149 OO Revert e with Google Earth Community This wil
19. th for Earth Science ADD PLACEMARKS TO YOUR OVERLAY IMAGE The image can now be manipulated and have placemarks added at will Any new placemarks should be added to the folder containing the image overlay ex Drumlins See the earlier Creating Google Earth Tours section for details l Google Earth New Placemark The steep side of the drumiin hill points to the direction fram which the glacier advanced MU Streaming ll Il 1 HYPERLINKS FOR TOUR STOPS OR OVERLAY IMAGES Adding hyperlinks to the image overlay or a tour stop allows additional web based information to be readily available Right click on the Placemark or Image overlay and select Edit to open the Edit Placemark window Google Earth Edit Placemark E 20 Google Earth for Earth Science A description of the site as well as hyperlinks to outside websites can be added to the description of the placemark Hyperlinks can be added by cutting and pasting the IP Address http www in the description Google Earth Edit Placemark 4 x LE Description http Macolodgy e dictionarypage nfoidramlini i ps Advanced _ _ _ _ _ smoother way to incorporate hyperlinks into the description requires the use of HTML code To turn a word or description in a sentence into a hyperlink the following HTML code must be used in the Placemark Description lt A HREF link URL gt Link Description lt A g
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