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1. The following table describes the DF ORMAT options DFORMAT option Description Drive letter DOS drive letter of the DiskOnChip drive WIN Segment Memory address at which the DiskOnChip is located Use either this parameter or the drive letter The segment should be specified in Hex e g WIN D000 S firmware DiskOnChip firmware image DOCnnn EXB with nnn version number FIRST Use this flag to program the DiskOnChip to be the first available disk drive C if there is more than one disk installed in the system This flag has no effect if the DiskOnChip is the only disk in the system The S parameter must be supplied when the FIRST flag is used SILENT Loads the TrueFFS driver in silent mode i e no messages are displayed at the screen during boot LABEL label A string to be used as the DOS volume label of the formatted media DOSVER dos major Format for a target system running the specified DOS version The version default is the current DOS version the one on which DFORMAT is executed For example DOSVER 3 formats for DOS 3 x Valid values are 1 to 6 91 SR 002 02 7L Rev 3 0 6 AA M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual DFORMAT option Description NODOS Do not create a DOS FAT file system while formatting Only low level format is performed This is useful for non DOS application Y Do not pause for confirmation before beginning to format Not
2. Zs Re install the required firmware file i e DOC121 EXB DFORMAT WIN D000 S DOC121 EXB 3 DUPDATE Utility The DUPDATE utility should be used when you want to update the firmware file of the DiskOnChip or configuring the DiskOnChip to be the first disk in the system without having to reformat the entire flash media thereby destroying any data that was stored on the DiskOnChip Note DUPDATE requires that the DiskOnChip must already be programmed with the previous firmware file The DUPDATE syntax is Usage DUPDATE drive letter WIN Segment S BootImage FIRST 91 SR 002 02 7L Rev 3 0 8 17 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual The following table describes the DUPDATE options DUPDATE option Description Drive letter DOS drive letter of the DiskOnChip drive WIN Segment Memory address at which the DiskOnChip is located Use either this parameter or the drive letter The segment should be specified in Hex e g WIN D000 S BootImage The new firmware file DOCnnn EXB to be written to the DiskOnChip with nnn version number FIRST Use this flag to program the DiskOnChip to be the first disk drive C if more disks are installed in the system This flag has no effect if the DiskOnChip is the only disk in the system The S parameter must be supplied when the FIRST flag is used Example 1 DUPDATE C S DOC
3. nnn can be any number from 1 to 100 Default is 98 98 The flash disk partition is considered the size of the entire flash media minus the partition that is used by the firmware file The value of this option may affect the write performance of TrueFFS Number of spare units Default is 1 A value 0 selects a WORM Write Once Read Many This option will have the same result as the option USE except that the calculation is done in absolute spare units instead of percentage of available space The DiskOnChip boots as drive A Copy the bad block table stored on the DiskOnChip into a file This is required when a test that includes destroying the bad block table is performed on the DiskOnChip Restore the bad block table stored in a file to the DiskOnChip This is necessary after the destructive test is finished This flag specifies the name of the operating system image file This flag specifies the 4 character prefix signature of the Binary Partition XXXX can be replaced by any combination of four ASCII characters Use capital letters Default BIPO 15 17 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual _ DFORMAT option Description BDKL partition size Size of Binary Partition used to override the default file size or to force creation of a Binary Partition even when no file is specified O signature offset This flag specifies the Binary Partition signature offset Can be 0 or 8 Defau
4. warranted to operate without failure Accordingly in any use of the Licensed Software in life support systems or other applications where failure could cause injury or loss of life the Licensed Software should only be incorporated in systems designed with appropriate and sufficient redundancy or back up features 91 SR 002 02 7L Rev 3 0 2 14 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual Contents Mes UIPNF CJUG eg EE EE EN ns 4 1 1 What is the DiskOnChip Product Family csc catens coven oiestoetiete iecauttedtin eat a ineiaterintenats 4 2 DFORMAT Utility siin A den poREN Resa eee 6 2 1 Issues related to the Firmware file cccccccssssececssseeeeeeeseeeeceesenaeeessssnsesesseneeeeessnaeeesseseneeess 7 3 BUPDATE Utility inania aaa e a arapa a raaa aaa arada a anade a aaa Kiaan 8 4 Configuring the DiskOnChip as a Bootable Disk rrnsrrnnvnnnvnnnnvrnnnvnnnvnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennvnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 9 5 DINFO UHV s n aaaea aE eel lta ie s n cal teehee 11 6 Buplicating DISKONCHID vasen 12 6 1 Stage 1 Creating the source DiSkKONCHiID as serrssrasrerrrrssrsnrsrernenr sn rrenrnr rn rn nr nr rn nr rar rr nor annan 12 6 2 Stage 2 Copy the source DiskOnChip into an Image FilQ smmssseersssrrrsrsrsrsrsnersnnrrnnnnrnn nn 13 6 3 Stage 3 Copy the Image File onto target DiskOnChip Devices ssssmeerresrrrsrsrsrersnerrsnrrrnn nn 13 7 Additional Documents and TOOIS rrnsnnvvvennnnnnvennnnnnvevennnnnnvennn
5. 023 Installation Manual Using the DiskOnChip with VxWorks DiskOnChip DIP EVB User Manual DiskOnChip 32 pin DIP Evaluation Board User Manual DiskOnChip GANG Programmer 1 8 Socket GANG Programmer User Manual 91 SR 002 02 7L Rev 3 0 14 AA M Systems sh Disk Pioneers DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual Appendix I Advanced usage of DFORMAT utility The DFORMAT options as described in Section 2 will suffice for most system integrators However there are certain occasions that require more advanced usage of the DFORMAT utility This appendix describes these more advanced flags and their usage The DFORMAT syntax is Usage DFORMAT LOG File Partition signature offset SIZE size USELOG File USE nnn SPARE n FLOPPY BDKF Boot Image File BDKN BDK BDKL BDK Partition size O signature The following table describes the advanced DF ORMAT options DFORMAT option SIZE size USE nnn SPARE FLOPPY LOG File USELOG File BDKF Boot file BDKN Binary Partition signature Image 91 SR 002 02 7L Rev 3 0 Description The size of the entire flash media to be formatted including the partition that includes the firmware file By default the entire media is formatted by DFORMAT This option limits the formatted size Percentage of available space on the flash disk partition to be used for file storage
6. 121 EXB Program the new firmware file DOC121 EXB into the DiskOnChip located as drive C Example 2 DUPDATE WIN D000 S DOC121 EXB Program the new firmware file DOC121 EXB into the DiskOnChip that is located at memory address DOOOh Example 3 DUPDATE WIN D000 S DOC121 EXB FIRST Program the new firmware file DOC 121 EXB into the DiskOnChip that is located at memory address D000h The DiskOnChip will be installed as the first drive C even in if there is a hard disk available in the system 4 Configuring the DiskOnChip as a Bootable Disk It is possible to configure the DiskOnChip as the bootable disk for DOS Depending on whether the DFORMAT or the DUPDATE utility is used two configuration scenario s are possible as described below If you wish to configure the DiskOnChip as a bootable disk for any other O S refer to the relevant Application Note for further details see Section 7 91 SR 002 02 7L Rev 3 0 9 17 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual Note The DiskOnChip is shipped from the factory formatted without operating system files and configured as the last drive Configuration with the DFORMAT utility To configure the DiskOnChip to be the first bootable disk in the system using the DFORMAT utility the following steps are required 1 Boot the system and make sure the DiskOnChip is installed
7. 2 17 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual 2 Copy all target application files onto the DiskOnChip 3 If required make the DiskOnChip bootable refer to Section 4 After the source DiskOnChip device has been properly prepared follow the guidelines described below in order to duplicate it as many times as required 6 2 Stage 2 Copy the source DiskOnChip into an Image File At this stage the source DiskOnChip includes all target application files and it is ready to be duplicated as many times as required Each duplicated copy will function on the target platform as the source DiskOnChip Use GETMIMG utility to copy the source DiskOnChip contents into an image file on the hard disk to be used later as source file for duplications Run GETMIMG image file name For example GETMIMG MYDOC SRC 6 3 Stage 3 Copy the Image File onto target DiskOnChip Devices At this stage the contents of the source DiskOnChip are stored on the hard disk in what is called the image file Copying this image file into the target DiskOnChip will result in an identical DiskOnChip target device Use the PUTMIMG utility to perform this task 1 Power off the system 2 Insert a target DiskOnChip with the same capacity as the source DiskOnChip into its socket 3 Power on the system 4 Run PUTMIMG image file name For example PUTMIMG MYDOC SRC 5 The target D
8. correctly as the last drive 2 The DiskOnChip should be the only disk in the system or should be configured as the first disk in the system using the DFORMAT utility see Section 2 1 Make the DiskOnChip bootable by transfering the system files to the drive 2 After re booting the system the DiskOnChip will appear as drive C and the hard drive will become drive D Example DFORMAT WIN D000 S DOC121 EXB FIRST SYS D Format the DiskOnChip to be the first disk in the system and copy DOS system files to the DiskOnChip making it bootable Configuration with the DUPDATE utility To configure the DiskOnChip to be the first bootable disk in the system using the DUPDATE utility the following steps are required 1 Boot the system and make sure the DiskOnChip is installed correctly as the last drive 2 Make the DiskOnChip bootable by transfering the system files to the drive 3 At the DOS prompt type DUPDATE D FIRST assuming the DiskOnChip was drive D 4 After re booting the system the DiskOnChip will appear as drive C and the hard drive will become drive D Example SYS D DUPDATE WIN D000 FIRST Copy DOS systems files the DiskOnChip making it bootable assuming the DiskOnChip is assigned as drive D and configure the DiskOnChip to be the first disk in the system 91 SR 002 02 7L Rev 3 0 10 17 M Systems Flash OiskPloneer BD
9. e All sizes specified in DFORMAT options are in bytes if specified as simple numbers in Kbytes if specified with the suffix K or in megabytes if specified with the suffix M Note By default the DiskOnChip is shipped from the factory configured as the last drive When configured as the last drive the DiskOnChip is installed as the last drive if there are any hard disks installed and as drive C if no other hard disk is installed When configured as the first drive using the FIRST option the DiskOnChip is always installed as drive C Example 1 DFORMAT C Formats the DiskOnChip assuming the DiskOnChip is set as disk C Example 2 DFORMAT WIN D000 s DOC121 EXB Formats the DiskOnChip that is located at memory address DO 0 Oh and installs firmware file DOC121 EXB If any other hard disk is present in the system the DiskOnChip will be identified as the last drive If there are no other hard disks present in the system the DiskOnChip will be installed as drive C Example 3 DFORMAT WIN D000 S DOC121 EXB FIRST Formats the DiskOnChip that is located at memory address D0 0 Oh and installs firmware file DOC121 EXB The DiskOnChip will be the first drive C even in if there are other hard disks present in the system 2 1 Issues related to the Firmware file A few issues should be noticed regarding the firmware file DOCnnn EXB of the DiskOnChip Plug n Play BIOS es Ther
10. e are typically two types of firmware supplied with every utilities version The first is for common use and named without the P letter e g DOC 121 EXB The second one which should be used with Plug n Play type BIOS is the firmware that carries the letter P in it s named e g DOC121P EXB Firmware file DOCnnn 086 The firmware file DOCnnn 086 needs to be installed when using the DiskOnChip in an 8086 environment or when your application hooks and processes hardware interrupts 91 SR 002 02 7L Rev 3 0 7 17 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual Loading DiskOnChip as a Device driver The firmware file DOC2 FFF is required when the TrueFFS driver is loaded as a S W device driver For further details refer to Application Note 12 Loading the DiskOnChip 2000 S W as a Device Driver When using the DiskOnChip in a Linux environment this firmware files is also used For further details refer to Installation Manual 21 Using the DiskOnChip with Linux DFORMAT version vs firmware version The version of the DFORMAT utility needs to be the same as the version of the firmware file If you receive the error message File too large for specified Boot Image size during formatting then there was an incompatibility between the firmware file and the DFORMAT utility You can solve this problem as follows l Delete the previous firmware file DFORMAT WIN D000 S
11. g systems such as DOS Linux pSOS PharLap FreeBSD and others For any other environment including O S less environment the OSAK Operating System Adaptation Kit package can be obtained Contact M Systems for the availability of this package The following sections describe the DiskOnChip utilities The OSAK DiskOnChip OS Adaptation Kit is a source code driver package available from M Systems under license agreement 91 SR 002 02 7L Rev 3 0 5 17 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual 2 DFORMAT Utility Before the TrueFFS driver can access the DiskOnChip it must be formatted just as a floppy disk must be formatted Formatting initializes the flash media on the DiskOnChip and writes to it a new and empty DOS FAT file system When formatting is complete the DiskOnChip contains only a root directory The DiskOnChip is fully tested and formatted before the product is shipped but it can be formatted more than once Each time it is formatted naturally all data on the media is destroyed Note When the DiskOnChip is reformatted the boot image i e firmware is retained by default Below the most common used flags of the DFORMAT utility are described For advanced usage of the DFORMAT utility refer to appendix I of this manual The DFORMAT syntax is Usage DFORMAT drive letter WIN segment S firmware FIRST SILENT LABEL label DOSVER n NODOS Y
12. iskOnChip Utilities User Manual _ 5 DINFO Utility The DINFO utility provides background information regarding the DiskOnChip and the environment in which it is working DINFO reports e TrueFFS drive letter e Installed software and its version compliance e The size of the Flash media The DINFO syntax is DINFO Example DINFO info Search the system for DiskOnChip Following is the report that was generated in a specific system DINFO Version 3 3 7 for DiskOnChip 2000 V 1 21 Copyright C M Systems 1992 1999 DiskOnChip 2000 R found at D000 0000 Disk statistics Drive letter D Disk size 7 960 Kbytes SoftWare version 1 21 TrueFFS Compatibility 3 3 02 FirmWare size 48 Kbytes Flash media statistics Chip size 8 192 Kbytes No Of Chips 1 Chip type Toshiba TC5864 Total units 1024 91 SR 002 02 7L Rev 3 0 11 17 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual Spare units 23 Unit size 8 192 bytes Base D000 Driver YES Size 8 Mb The DINFO results show the following e An 8MB DiskOnChip e Space allocated for the firmware is 48KB e It was assigned drive letter D e Each unit is 8 192 bytes in size e The controller Chip ID number is 17 e The Flash media is composed of 1024 units e The disk size after format is 7 960 KB e There are 24 spare units e The Flash media is composed of one Flash device manufactured by Toshiba 6 Duplicating DiskO
13. iskOnChip will have the exact contents and functionality as the source DiskOnChip when this operation is done Repeat steps 14 for each additional target DiskOnChip All DiskOnChip devices programmed according to the above procedure are ready to be plugged into the target platforms and will function exactly the same as the source DiskOnChip 91 SR 002 02 7L Rev 3 0 13 17 M Systems Flash Disk Plonsers DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual _ 7 Additional Documents and Tools A variety of Application Notes User Manuals data sheets and tools are available from M Systems for usage of the different DiskOnChip Products under various Operating Systems and environments These documents are available through M Systems distributors directly from M Systems worldwide offices and from M Systems web site www m sys com Here is a brief list of some of the documents available Document Tool Description DiskOnChip Millennium Data Sheet DiskOnChip Millennium Data Sheet DiskOnChip 2000 Data Sheet DiskOnChip 2000 Data Sheet AP DOC 012 Application Note Loading the DiskOnChip 2000 S W as a Device Driver AP DOC 016 Application Note Using the DiskOnChip with QNX AP DOC 017 Application Note Using the DiskOnChip with Windows CE AP DOC 020 Application Note DiskOnChip Boot Developers Kit IM DOC 021 Installation Manual Using the DiskOnChip with Linux IM DOC 022 Installation Manual Using the DiskOnChip with pSOS IM DOC
14. lt 8 Note For further information on the flags BDKF BDKN BDKL and 0 refer to Application Note 20 DiskOnChip Boot Developer Kit 91 SR 002 02 7L Rev 3 0 16 1 4 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers How to Contact Us Internet E mail USA Office M Systems Inc 8371 Central Ave Suite A Newark CA 94560 U S A Phone 1 510 494 2090 Fax 1 510 494 5545 Taiwan Office M System Asia Ltd 11F 2 No 81 Sec 2 Chang Teh Rd Taipei Taiwan R O C Phone 886 2 2550 1741 Fax 886 2 2550 1745 DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual http www m sys com infoQ m sys com Japan Office M Systems Japan Inc 1 11 15 Higashi Gotonda Shinagawa ku Tokyo 141 0022 Japan Phone 81 3 3445 9042 Fax 81 3 3445 9045 U K Office M Systems UK Ltd PO Box 20 Chalgrove SPDO OX44 7YP U K Phone 44 1865 891 123 Fax 44 1865 891 391 Israel Office M Systems Ltd Atidim Industrial Park P O B 58036 Tel Aviv 61580 Israel Phone 972 3 647 7776 Fax 972 3 647 6668 M Systems assumes no responsibility for the use of the material described in this document Information contained herein supersedes previously published specifications on this device from M Systems M Systems reserves the right to change this document without notice 91 SR 002 02 7L Rev 3 0 17
15. nChip Copying a DiskOnChip device is the procedure of copying the contents of a source DiskOnChip into an image file and then copying the image file contents into as many target DiskOnChip devices as required All target DiskOnChip devices will have exactly the same contents as the source DiskOnChip which means they will have exactly the same functionality when plugged into the target platform The only limitation for this process is that all target DiskOnChip devices must have the same capacity as the source DiskOnChip For example if the source DiskOnChip has 8MB capacity then the target DiskOnChip s must have 8MB capacity as well The duplicating process includes 3 stages 1 Prepare source DiskOnChip 2 Copy source DiskOnChip into an image file 3 Copy the image file into as many target DiskOnChip devices as required Note For mass duplication of the DiskOnChip the above solution will not be efficient and you can use M Systems GANG programmer instead Contact M Systems for availability and refer to the GANG programmer User Manual for further information 6 1 Stage 1 Creating the source DiskOnChip The source DiskOnChip includes all target application files Usually it will be bootable The following commands are usually used in order to prepare the source DiskOnChip 1 Format DiskOnChip with DF ORMAT utility in the target platform 91 SR 002 02 7L Rev 3 0 1
16. nnnvenennnnvnnennnnnnvenennnnnnnennnnvevennnnnnvene 14 Appendix I Advanced usage of DFORMAT utility rrsnnnnnvrnnnvnnnvnnnnvnnnnnnnnnnnnvnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennvnnnnnnnnnnr 15 How to Contact Suva 17 91 SR 002 02 7L Rev 3 0 3 17 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual 1 Introduction This User Manual describes the DOS DiskOnChip utilities supplied by M Systems to be used with the DiskOnChip products These utilities are to be used by system designers and users in order to install and modify the DiskOnChip to the designed system and needs The DiskOnChip utilities are DFORMAT DUPDATE DINFO GETMIMG PUTMIMG This document includes the DiskOnChip utilities description and flags including specific examples and basic how to instructions These will assist you in easy and quick installation of the DiskOnChip in your target platform This document is intended for system integrators who are familiar with the PC environment and the operating system in use It is also recommended that you read the DiskOnChip relevant Application Notes and Data Sheets See Section 7 for additional documents and tools available The latest version of the DiskOnChip utilities can be downloaded from M Systems web site at http www m sys com 1 1 What is the DiskOnChip Product Family M Systems DiskOnChip is a family of high performance flash disks The DiskOnChip series provides flash disks in three
17. ru M Systems em Flash Disk Pioneers User Manual DiskOnChip Utilities JAN 2000 91 SR 002 02 7L REV 3 0 17 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual _ LIMITED WARRANTY a M Systems warrants that the Licensed Software prior to modification and adaptation by Licensee will conform to the documentation provided by M Systems M Systems does not warrant that the Licensed Software will meet the needs of the Licensee or of any particular customer of Licensee nor does it make any representations whatsoever about Licensed Software that has been modified or adapted by Licensee b Subsection a above sets forth Licensee s sole and exclusive remedies with regard to the Licensed Software M SYSTEMS MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH RESPECT TO THE LICENSED SOFTWARE INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THERE ARE NO OTHER WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE LICENSED SOFTWARE ARISING FROM ANY COURSE OF DEALING USAGE OR TRADE OR OTHERWISE IN NO EVENT SHALL M SYSTEMS BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE FOR LOST PROFITS OR OTHER INDIRECT SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHETHER UNDER THIS AGREEMENT IN TORT OR OTHERWISE c Licensee shall not make any promise representation warranty or guaranty on behalf of M Systems with respect to the Licensed Software except as expressly set forth herein Please note The Licensed Software is not
18. standard form factors e DiskOnChip 2000 Standard 32 pin DIP package Single Chip flash disk e DiskOnChip Millennium Standard 32 pin DIP package or standard TSOP II 32 pin Single Chip flash disk e Disk OnChip DIMM Standard 72 pin Small Outline DIMM Dual In line Memory Module flash disk This unique data storage solution offers an improved faster and more cost effective flash disk for Single Board embedded systems Internet devices and portable applications with limited space In a PC environment the DiskOnChip product provides a flash disk as BIOS expansion which does not require any bus slot or connector Simply insert the DiskOnChip into the socket on your CPU board this can be added with minimal installation cost if necessary Once the operating system files are placed on the DiskOnChip it will also act as a bootable disk 1 Software Utilities version 1 21 and up is needed for the following DiskOnChip products DiskOnChip 2000 Series included Extended temperature 32MB 48MB 80MB 112MB 144MB DiskOnChip DIMM Series included Extended temperature 12MB up to 160MB DiskOnChip Millennium Series 91 SR 002 02 7LRev 30 4 17 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual M Systems TrueFFS driver has broad O S support TrueFFS is natively supported by all major O S es such as Windows CE Windows NT Embedded QNX and VxWorks TrueFFS drivers can be obtained from M Systems for all other operatin

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