Message monitor, analyzer, recorder and viewer in a publisher
Contents
1. Alternatively the plurality of publisher IEDs 110a c can publish messages according to a multicast distri bution strategy also called multicasting Multicasting mes sages refers to the delivery of data packets to a group of destinations simultaneously using the most efficient delivery strategy As described above the group of destinations can refer to a group of IEDs subscribing to a particular MAC IP address reserved for multicast messages Referring to the exemplary microprocessor based relay IED 110a this IED 110a can be configured to control and monitor a typical circuit breaker in the power monitoring system 100 Specifically the IED 110a can control current flowing through the circuit breaker by switching the circuit breaker off thereby interrupting the flow of electricity upon the occurrence of an event e g current amperage spikes The microprocessor based relay IED 110a can also monitor the status e g on or off of the circuit breaker and publish messages containing that status Specifically IED 110a pub lishes data packets e g bytes or bits that represent the status of the circuit breaker in a broadcast and or a multicast fashion as described above According to some aspects the IED 110a is configured to intermittently publish status mes sages e g every two minutes Additionally the IED 110a can be configured to publish bursts and or a plurality of status messages upon a change of status e g from on to off2. The published status message s serve as a sanity check for sub scriber IEDs e g IED 125 in the system 100 Specifically the messages confirm that the status has not changed and that the circuit breaker being monitored for example is still in the previously communicated state The status messages are also useful information to a user of the workstation 130 and or display 150 for diagnosing the system 100 or otherwise The subscriber IED 125 can be configured to monitor cer tain messages published by IED 110a according to some aspects ofthe present concepts Similarly the subscriber IED 125 can be configured to simultaneously monitor certain mes sages published by IEDs 1105 c Specifically the subscriber IED 125 can be configured to monitor one or more addresses e g MAC address IP address unit address for published messages According to some aspects the IEDs 1105 c are microprocessor based monitoring devices such as a power monitor or a circuit monitor The IEDs 1105 c can be config ured for example to monitor voltage and or current passing through a particular point on the electrical utility system The IEDs 1105 c can also be configured to publish messages containing data representing electrical power monitoring parameters e g voltage current change in voltage and or current etc in the same or similar fashion as IED 110a publishes messages described above According to some aspects the subscriber IED 125 can moni
3. 1 a total number of messages received 11 a number of messages with changed data 111 a number of messages with unchanged data iv a time of last changed data v a minimum of data values vi a maximum of data values vii an average of data values viii a number of status changes or any combination thereof 10 The method of claim 1 wherein the second record further includes a time stamp associated with the event of interest 11 The method of claim 1 wherein the act of storing the first record further includes the act of time stamping the first record 5 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 12 12 A non transitory computer readable medium encoded with instructions for performing a sequence of events analy sis in a power monitoring system that monitors an electrical utility system the medium comprising the instructions of monitoring in a subscriber intelligent electronic device IED a plurality of message streams each of the plural ity of message streams being published by a respective publisher IED over a peer to peer communications net work each ofthe plurality of message streams including a plurality of messages each of the messages including information associated with electrical characteristics of the electrical utility system measured by a respective one of the publisher IEDs measuring in the subscriber IED electrical characteristics of the electrical utility system selecting i
4. Alternatively the subscriber IED 125 may be configured with a memory that stores 280 the sta tistical data derived from the statistical analysis 270 of a particular messages stream along with more than just the latest copy of a message in the message stream For example the subscriber IED 125 may store the statistical data derived along with copies of the last 2 3 4 etc messages in a particular message stream According to some aspects the at least one record e g a second record includes a time stamp of the time the sub scriber IED 125 received the message a copy of the message e g the most recent message in a particular message stream and resulting event of interest data e g at least one event identifier The event ofinterest data being derived from the scanning for or determining of events ofinterest 270 of a particular message and or message stream According to some aspects the at least one record e g the second record is stored 280 in the historical log memory Specifically the resulting event of interest data may include event identifiers such as 1 a change in value 11 an appearance of new message stream and or 111 a disappearance of message stream The subscriber IED 125 can be configured to include the time stamp data in the historical log memory for every event of interest from every message stream According to some aspects of the present concepts the time stamp the subscriber IED 125 embeds
5. analyzing and storing The instruction of monitoring includes monitoring messages published by at least one pub lisher over a peer to peer network The instruction of select ing includes selecting messages based on criteria the criteria being one of topic based and content based The instruction of analyzing includes analyzing the selected messages per forming statistical analysis and or determining an absence or presence of an event of interest The event of interest can be 1 a changed value detected 11 an appearance of new message stream detected and 111 a disappearance of message stream ha 5 25 40 45 55 65 2 detected The instruction of storing includes storing at least one record including at least one of statistical data and or event of interest data According to other aspects of the present concepts a method of performing a seguence of events analysis in a power monitoring system includes the acts of monitoring receiving analyzing and storing The act of monitoring includes monitoring messages published by multiple power monitors over a peer to peer communications network The messages include electrical power monitoring parameters The act of receiving includes receiving the published mes sages in a subscriber intelligent electronic device in the power monitoring system The act of analyzing includes analyzing at least a portion of the received messages performing statis tical analysis and or con
6. does not exist then this particular inquiry is ended 345 The detection of the changed value event of interest 340 may be achieved by explicitly examining each data value in the message as previously discussed or by examining a separate field in the message used to indicate whether any change occurred if such a field is present in the message For example in the case of aGOOSE message the message fields include a StNum field a SqNum field a Time field and a GOOSEData array field The StNum field includes a counter that the publisher e g IED 110a c increments each time the published message includes a changed data value as com pared to the previous message The SqNum field includes a counter that the publisher e g IED 110a c increments each time the publisher sends a message The Time field includes a 0 a 5 20 35 40 45 55 65 10 time stamp based on the internal clock of the publisher of the time when StNum was last incremented The GOOSE Data array field includes an array of data values associated with the utility system being monitored e g parameters of the electrical system being monitored According to some aspects of the present concepts a changed value may be detected by comparing any of StNum Time or GOOSEData to the previous message According to some aspects the subscriber IED 125 peri odically checks all existing message streams 355 to deter mine if they still exist or
7. have timed out 360 Specifically in some publisher subscriber environments e g system 100 the publisher IED e g IED 110a is required to periodically send a new copy of the most recent message in a message stream even if no data changes and or status changes have occurred This periodic resending of old messages serves to inform the subscribers e g the subscriber IED 125 that the publisher is still present and operational The IEDs e g IEDs 110a c that publish messages are required to send a message at least once within a certain predetermined period of time If the subscriber IED 125 receives a message on a particular message stream and then the predetermined period of time passes without receiving another message on that message stream then a disappearance of message stream event of interest is detected 365 and a record can be stored in the historical log memory 385 reflecting the same as discussed above If however the subscriber IED 125 determines that it has continuously received messages for a particular message stream without the predetermined period of time passing then this particular inquiry is ended 370 For example in the case of a GOOSE message each mes sage stream must transmit a message at a minimum rate of approximately once every two minutes The subscriber IED 125 maintains records of the most recent GOOSE messages for each message stream as discussed above and identifies an event of interest if
8. into the buffer memory for each statistically analyzed message and the time stamp embedded into the historical log memory for each event ofinterest canbe 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 8 alocal time stamp e g time the subscriber IED 125 received the message a remote time stamp e g time the publisher JED 110a c sent the message or a combination of both The historical log memory is configured to store 280 a significant amount number of records because according to some aspects all of the events of interest from all message streams are stored 280 in chronological order Under con ditions where the statistical data parameters values are changing the subscriber IED 125 may store 280 a plurality of events of interest in quick succession Thus an appropri ately sized historical log memory is contemplated such that all of the events of interest can be saved until exported 290 However if the subscriber IED 125 completely fills up the historical log memory to the maximum depth available the subscriber IED 125 may either 1 start overwriting the oldest records e g a circular log or 2 stop recording the records until prompted by a user e g a stop when full log Once the subscriber IED 125 stores the at least one record e g the first record and or the second record the subscriber TED 125 can be configured to export the at least one record a portion of the at least one record or in
9. more than two minutes pass without seeing a GOOSE message from each of the existing message streams The disappearance of an existing message stream may indicate that a publishing device e g IEDs 110a c has been removed from the network has powered down has been reconfigured or has experienced a failure While particular aspects embodiments and applications ofthe present invention have been illustrated and described it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise construction and compositions disclosed herein and that various modifications changes and variations may be apparent from the foregoing descriptions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims What is claimed is 1 A method for performing a sequence of events analysis in a power monitoring system that monitors an electrical utility system the method comprising the acts of monitoring in a subscriber intelligent electronic device IED a plurality of message streams each ofthe plural ity of message streams being received from a respective publisher IED over a peer to peer communications net work each ofthe plurality of message streams including a plurality of messages each of the messages including information associated with electrical characteristics of the electrical utility system measured by a respective one of the publisher IEDs measuring in the subscriber IED electrical characterist
10. of events analysis in a power monitoring system that monitors and electrical utility system the method comprising the acts of monitoring in a subscriber intelligent electronic device IED a plurality of message streams each of the plural ity of message streams being received from a respective power monitor over a peer to peer communications net work each of the plurality of message streams including a plurality of messages each of the messages including information associated with electrical characteristics of the electrical utility system measured by a respective one of the power monitors measuring in the subscriber IED electrical characteristics of the electrical utility system receiving the published message streams in the subscriber IED in the power monitoring system selecting in the subscriber IED one or more of the received message streams based on criteria the criteria being topic based or content based analyzing in the subscriber IED at least a portion of the selected published message streams the analyzing including performing statistical analysis of the informa tion associated with the electrical characteristics mea sured by at least a portion of the power monitors and US 8 037 173 B2 13 included in one or more of the messages of the at least a portion of the selected published message streams generating in the subscriber IED statistical data associated with the electrical characteristics measured by the a
11. the case of a plurality of stored records the subscriber IED 125 can export all of or a portion of the plurality of records The records can be exported via a communications link employing a communi cations protocol that facilitates the downloading of the record s Specifically the record s e g the contents of the his torical log memory and the buffer memory may be downloaded to the workstation 130 for use in for example a sequence of events analysis FIG 1 The downloading can be accomplished using any communications protocol e g FTP or other proprietary protocols that supports the transfer of data information Alternatively the records can be exported using a device hosted web page The device hosted web page can provide a summary of messages a summary of the statistical data derived therefrom a summary of the logged events of interest or any combination thereof According to some aspects the records can be exported to the display 150 coupled to the subscriber IED 125 FIG 1 It is contemplated that the display 150 can be a local display e g in close proximity to the subscriber IED 125 or a remote display In the case of a local display the display of certain information e g status messages and or event of interest data can be very useful in an environment where the workstation 130 is not proximate to the subscriber IED 125 Now referring to FIG 3 a flow chart demonstrating some aspects relating to the analysi
12. Point to point protocol frames relating to the plurality of parameters ofthe electrical utility system and or status without knowledge of what or how many subscribers exist Similarly the subscriber IED 125 subscribes to or expresses an interest in a certain type class category and or group of published messages without knowledge of what or how many publishers exist According to some aspects the publisher IEDs send packets to a MAC address and or an IP address that explicitly identifies the destination of the message e g multicast publishing The subscriber IEDs can monitor for the published messages sent 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 4 to a particular address of interest For example a publisher IED can send a packet to MAC IP address X and a sub scriber can monitor the MAC IP address X for published packets The decoupling of the plurality of publisher IEDs 110a c and the subscriber IED 125 allows for greater scal ability and a more dynamic network topology According to some aspects the plurality of publisher IEDs 110a c can publish messages according to a broadcast distri bution strategy also called broadcasting Broadcasting mes sages refers to transmitting a message that is ideally received by every IED e g IEDs 110a c 125 on the network Spe cifically broadcast packets are received by all IEDs on a given subnet of the network whether they are interested in the packets or not
13. Roskowski et al 370 338 2007 0114987 Al 5 2007 Kagan 2007 0223533 Al 9 2007 Kirrmann et al 370 469 2008 0120080 Al 5 2008 Nasle 703 13 2008 0215727 Al 9 2008 Denis etal 709 224 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Analysis of Recording Elements in Wide Area Monitoring Systems by Damien Tholomier and Alexander Apostolov downloaded from www areva td com Sep 22 2008 10 pages BiTronics M871 Single Line Dual Bus Modular IED by Areva downloaded from www areva td com Sep 22 2008 2 pages BiTronics M871 Monitoring and Recording IED by Areva dated Sep 22 2008 1 page Bitronics M87X Monitoring amp Recording IED User Manual by Areva dated Dec 21 2007 126 pages Written Opinion corresponding to co pending International Patent Application Serial No PCT US2009 045311 European Patent Office dated Oct 2 2009 6 pages International Search Report corresponding to co pending Interna tional Patent Application Serial No PCT US2009 04531 1 European Patent Office dated Oct 2 2009 4 pages Omicron IEC 61850 An Important Standard for the Electrical Power Industry XP 00251152 dated 2006 4 pages cited by examiner Primary Examiner lan N Moore Assistant Examiner Jenee Alexander 57 ABSTRACT A method of performing a sequence of events analysis in a power monitoring system includes the acts of monitoring receiving analyzing and storing The act of monitoring
14. U JO SJUBAQ JOJ URIS swesais abesse Suysix3 ye yoay Apjeoipoued GSE sishjeuy jeonsnels uJojiod o 190 89 JOJUOY WOJ PSAIBDOY eDesse y MEN US 8 037 173 B2 1 MESSAGE MONITOR ANALYZER RECORDER AND VIEWER IN A PUBLISHER SUBSCRIBER ENVIRONMENT FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to a sequence of event analysis in a utility monitoring system having a plural ity of publisher intelligent electrical devices and in particu lar to a power monitoring system having at least one subscriber intelligent electronic device BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Utility systems such as an electrical utility system are monitored using a network of intelligent electronic devices IEDs coupled to a workstation for monitoring various parameters of the electrical utility system The network of IEDs and the workstation are typically referred to collectively as an electrical monitoring system Some electrical monitor ing systems operate in a peer to peer communications envi ronment that uses a publisher subscriber mechanism for exchanging messages between the IEDs However in these peer to peer communications environments there is often no means to analyze and or store the messages being communi cated between the IEDs Further in these peer to peer com munications environments there is often no reliable and or accurate method for reconstructing a sequence of events relating to th
15. a new IED has powered up on or been connected to the network or that an existing device e g IEDs 110a c has been reconfigured to issue a new type of message Assuming the new message is not the start of a new mes sage stream the subscriber IED 125 scans the message to determine if any of the statistical data values e g current voltage etc changed as compared to the most recent mes sage in the same message stream Specifically when analyz ing the new message of the existing message stream the subscriber IED 125 can be configured to retrieve a copy of the most recent message in that same stream from the memory 285 FIG 2 depicts such a scenario where the dotted arrow 286 represents the retrieval of data from the memory 285 to the Analyze block 270 for comparison The subscriber IED 125 then uses the stored 280 data e g a copy of a previous message previously determined statistical data and or status data to compare 335 with the new message to determine if an event of interest exists Specifically the Subscriber IED 125 determines if a changed value 340 event of interest exists by comparing 335 statistical data between the mes sages If the subscriber IED 125 determines a changed value 340 event of interest exists then an event of interest data record can be stored 280 in the historical log memory 385 as discussed above If however the subscriber IED 125 deter mines that a changed value event of interest
16. a logs wave form logs and or event logs Similarly the user can request unpublished real time data According to some aspects the utility monitoring system 100 can also include a display 150 The display 150 is coupled to the IED 125 to provide a visual summary of the messages and or statistical data information A cycle of operation of the utility monitoring system 100 will now be discussed in accord with an example embodying aspects of the present concepts The example illustrated in FIG 1 relates to the publisher subscriber mechanism 140 configured to monitor for example an electrical utility sys tem It is contemplated that the publisher subscriber mecha nism 140 can be configured to monitor any of the WAGES utilities According to some aspects the publisher subscriber mechanism 140 includes a plurality of publisher IEDs e g IEDs 110a c at least one subscriber IED e g IED 125 and an Ethernet 120 The publisher IEDs 110a c are configured to monitor a parameter of the electrical utility system and or a status of the IED 110a c itself e g on or off According to some aspects a utility monitoring system can include a plu rality of publisher IEDs and a plurality of subscriber IEDs Further some IEDs can be configured to both publish mes sages and subscribe to messages According to some aspects the plurality of publisher IEDs 110a c publish messages such as electronic data packets and or frames e g Ethernet frames
17. a particular message stream and resulting statistical data e g at least one metadata field Specifically the resulting statistical data may include a meta data field for 1 a total number of messages received by the subscriber IED 125 for a particular message stream ii a number of messages with changed data e g increasing or decreasing current and or voltage between one message and the next message in a particular message stream iii a num ber of messages with unchanged data iv a time of last changed data v a minimum of data values e g the lowest measured current for a specific message stream vi a maxi mum of data values e g the highest measured voltage for a specific message stream vii an average of data values e g the average Of measured resistance for a specific message stream viii a number of status changes e g on to off or off to on or any combination thereof in any amount of metadata fields According to some aspects a record at least containing A statistical data derived from the statistical analysis 270 ofa particular message and B a copy of only the last message is stored 280 in the buffer memory The statistical data is an ongoing calculation of all messages in a particular stream of messages The buffer memory is configured to only store 280 a single version of that ongoing statistical data calcu lation for the particular message stream along with the copy of the last message
18. a2 United States Patent Tuckey et al US008037173B2 US 8 037 173 B2 Oct 11 2011 10 Patent No 45 Date of Patent 54 MESSAGE MONITOR ANALYZER RECORDER AND VIEWER INA PUBLISHER SUBSCRIBER ENVIRONMENT 75 Inventors David T Tuckey Victoria CA Basem Elwarry Langford CA 73 Assignee Schneider Electric USA Ine Palatine IL US Notice Subject to any disclaimer the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U S C 154 b by 307 days 21 Appl No 12 130 284 22 Filed May 30 2008 65 Prior Publication Data US 2009 0300165 A1 Dec 3 2009 51 Int Cl G06F 15 16 2006 01 G06F 15 173 2006 01 52 U S Cl 709 224 709 203 709 217 709 223 58 Field of Classification Search 709 217 219 709 223 226 714 14 22 707 100 104 1 713 300 340 See application file for complete search history 56 References Cited U S PATENT DOCUMENTS 6 415 244 Bl 7 2002 Dickens etal 702 187 6 598 078 Bl 7 2003 Ehrlich etal 709 224 7 103 874 B2 9 2006 McCollum et al 709 224 7 558 703 B2 7 2009 Stoupisetal 709 223 2002 0138785 Al 9 2002 Hammond et al 2002 0173927 Al 11 2002 Vandiver 702 122 2003 0131258 Al 7 2003 Kadri 713 201 2004 0172207 Al 9 2004 Hancock et al 2005 0144437 Al 6 2005 Ransom etal 713 151 2006 0007901 Al 1 2006
19. age stream refers to a group of messages sent from a specific IED For example the microprocessor based relay IED 110a transmits a message stream that con tains a plurality of related messages regarding the status e g on or off of a circuit breaker Similarly the microprocessor based power meter power monitor IED 1106 can transmit a message stream that contains a plurality of messages each of the messages containing for example electrical power moni toring parameters Once the publisher IED e g IEDs 110a c stops sending messages the message stream disappears US 8 037 173 B2 7 After the subscriber IED 125 analyzes 270 a message in a particular message stream certain statistical data derived from statistical analysis further discussed below in relation to FIG 3 is stored 280 as a record in the memory 285 Specifically the subscriber IED 125 is configured to store 280 at least one record in the memory 285 According to some aspects the memory 285 includes a historical log memory and a buffer memory The memory 285 can include a separate buffer memory for each message stream such that a received message for a particular message stream does not overwrite the statistical data for a different message stream According to some aspects the at least one record e g a first record includes a time stamp of the time the subscriber TED 125 received the message a copy of the message e g the most recent message in
20. e electrical utility system Thus this lack of analysis and storage in the IEDs leads to the performance of an unreliable and inaccurate sequence of events SoE analy sis after an event of interest occurs in the electrical utility system What is needed is a way to reliably and accurately perform a sequence of events analysis relating to various parameters of an electrical utility system There is also a need for an IED that can analyze and store messages communicated between IEDs in an electrical monitoring system Aspects and embodi ments disclosed herein are directed to addressing solving these and other needs SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to some aspects of the present concepts a method of performing a sequence of events analysis in a power monitoring system includes the acts of monitoring receiving analyzing and storing The act of monitoring includes monitoring messages sent by at least one publisher over a network The act of receiving includes receiving at least one of the monitored messages The act of analyzing includes analyzing the at least one received message and performing statistical analysis and or scanning for an event of interest The act of storing includes storing a first record According to other aspects of the present concepts a com puter readable medium encoded with instructions for per forming a sequence of events analysis in a power monitoring system includes the instructions of monitoring selecting
21. gements as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims Turning now to FIG 1 a utility monitoring system 100 is generally shown The utility monitoring system 100 includes a plurality of intelligent electronic devices 110a c 125 here after IEDs communicatively coupled through a network 120 The plurality of IEDs 110a c 125 can be configured to communicate in a peer to peer communications environment using a publisher subscriber mechanism 140 The peer to peer communications are transmitted over the network 120 which can be an Ethernet network As used herein an IED refers to any system element or apparatus with the ability to sample collect or measure one or more operational charac teristics or parameters of a utility system The utility system being monitored by the utility monitoring system 100 can be any of the five utilities designated by the acronym WAGES or water air gas electricity or steam In the electrical utility context the IED may be based on a PowerLogic Series 3000 4000 Circuit Monitor or a PowerLogic ION7550 7650 Power and Energy Meter available from Schneider US 8 037 173 B2 3 Electric or any other suitable monitoring device e g circuit monitor a circuit breaker a relay a metering device or a power meter The utility monitoring system 100 can be configured to monitor a plurality of parameters of any WAGES utility The parameters can be p
22. ics of the electrical utility system filtering the plurality of messages streams based topic or content US 8 037 173 B2 11 receiving one or more of the monitored plurality of mes sage streams in the subscriber IED analyzing in the subscriber IED a first of the received message streams received from a first of the publisher IEDs the analyzing including performing statistical analysis of the information associated with the electrical characteristics measured by the first publisher IED and included in the messages of the first message stream generating in the subscriber IED statistical data associated with the electrical characteristics measured by the first publisher IED scaming in the subscriber IED at least the first message stream for an event of interest the event of interest being i an appearance of new message stream detected or ii a disappearance of message stream detected or both in response to the generating storing a first record in a buffer memory in the subscriber IED the first record including the generated statistical data associated with the electrical characteristics measured by the first pub lisher IED in response to the scanning detecting the event of interest storing a second record in a historical log memory in the subscriber IED the second record including data asso ciated with the event of interest and transmitting the first and the second records over the peer to peer communications net
23. iew a summary of the statistical data and or event of interest data exported to the display 150 The messages themselves the statistical data derived therefrom and or the event of interest data can be used by the user to help reconstruct the sequence of events e g what happened when and how during for example an electrical power failure e g rolling power outage Specifically the information available to the user is useful when analyzing the events surrounding a rolling power outage after the fact This post event analysis allows the user to determine whether certain IEDs acted appropriately during the electrical power failure which may help prevent future electrical problems The generated statistical data is also useful for monitoring system communications as an ongoing maintenance pro gram Now referring to FIG 2 a functional block diagram of an exemplary subscriber IED is depicted according to some aspects of the present concepts The subscriber IED 125 can be used in performing a sequence of events analysis in for example the power monitoring system Other types of utili ties are contemplated for monitoring e g WAGES The subscriber IED 125 is coupled to the Ethernet 120 The Eth ernet 120 is used to transmit messages e g data packets of various sizes types categories and contents from at least one of the publisher IEDs 110a c FIG 1 to the subscriber IED 125 According to some aspects it is contemplated that
24. includes monitoring messages published by multiple power monitors over a peer to peer communications network The messages include electrical power monitoring parameters The act of receiving includes receiving the published mes sages in a subscriber intelligent electronic device in the power monitoring system The act of analyzing includes analyzing at least a portion of the received messages performing statis tical analysis and or continuously scanning for an event of interest The act of storing includes storing at least one record including at least one of statistical data or event of interest data 16 Claims 3 Drawing Sheets Display Workstation 132 US 8 037 173 B2 Sheet 1 of3 Oct 11 2011 U S Patent UONEJSYJOM Sls Kejdsig Op US 8 037 173 B2 Sheet 2 of 3 Oct 11 2011 U S Patent c Old US 8 037 173 B2 Sheet 3 of 3 Oct 11 2011 U S Patent Sls JSOJOJU JO JUBA y BABS O xolg 2J0 S 0 SSEq synsey jeonsiels AU BABS 0 YOOIg 910 S 0 sseq T A A A A EGA Ee eni we wee ew SE ck ae NR RA papaq weas oBessoj Jo adueleaddesicj S9 sa OLE mo paul uleens oBesso N e SeH ON aBessay SNOIADIg 9uj wo poBuey9 sane geq paj9ajag weas abessayy MON jo s0ueseoddy oee papoajag anjea pabueyo e weans obesse MON SIU SI Sah GCE S919
25. n the subscriber IED one or more of the message streams based on criteria the criteria being one of topic based and content based in response to selecting a first of the message streams received from a first of the publisher IEDs analyzing the selected message stream the instruction of analyzing including performing statistical analysis of the informa tion associated with the electrical characteristics mea sured by the first publisher IED and included in one or more of the messages of the first of the message streams the instruction of analyzing including determining an absence or presence of an event of interest the event of interest being i an appearance of new message stream detected or ii a disappearance of message stream detected or both in response to analyzing the first of the message streams storing a first record ina buffer memory in the subscriber IED the first record including an ongoing statistical calculation associated with the first of the message streams in response to determining an absence or presence of an event of interest storing a second record in a historical log memory in the subscriber IED the second record including data associated with an event of interest and transmitting the first and the second records over the peer to peer communications network to a workstation remote from the publisher and the subscriber IEDs for use in the sequence of events analysis 13 A method for performing a sequence
26. on criteria The criteria can be a packet type e g IPv4 IPv6 an address of an IED e g MAC address IP address unit hardware address etc or a packet length e g bytes For example according to some aspects the messages are IEC 61850 GOOSE hereafter GOOSE messages the GOOSE messages e g packets may contain embedded information e g an identifier that uniquely identifies the IED publishing the message Specifi cally the embedded information can be a MAC address and or an IP address of the publisher IED e g IED 110a that allows the subscriber IED 125 to filter the messages accord ing to the publisher IED s identity According to some aspects the subscriber IED 125 filters the GOOSE messages using a filter table to only receive messages from a MAC address of interest Alternatively the messages can be filtered based on a topic or a content of the messages For example some GOOSE messages can contain a first topic of statistical data relating to various parameters of the electrical utility system while other GOOSE messages can contain a second topic of status data relating to the status of for example the circuit breaker monitored by the microprocessor based relay IED 110a Thus the subscriber IED 125 can filter the messages based on the first and second topics Yet in some aspects the subscriber IED 125 filters based on the type format of message For example the subscriber IED 125 can be configured to onl
27. otal number of messages received in the subscriber IED 125 for a particular message stream ii a number of messages with changed data e g from one mes sage to the next in a particular message stream iii a number of messages with unchanged data iv a time of last changed data v a minimum of data values e g parameter values such as current voltage etc over time in a particular message stream vi a maximum of data values vii an average of data values viii a number of status changes e g on off status of IED 110a or any combination thereof According to some aspects the subscriber IED 125 scans searches for or determines events of interest Specifically the subscriber IED 125 can scan for i an appearance of new message stream 330 ii a changed value 340 and iii a disappearance of message stream 365 For example a new message is received 305 for analysis 270 and the sub scriber IED 125 determines if the message is part of a new message stream 325 or part of an existing message stream Ifthe message is not part of or related to an existing message stream then the message is the start beginning of a new message stream Thus an appearance of a new message stream event of interest is detected 330 and a record can be stored in the historical log memory 385 reflecting the same as discussed above The appearance ofa new message stream event of interest 330 may indicate that a new device e g
28. ower voltage current current distortion voltage distortion energy or any parameter associated with any WAGES utility such as volumetric flow rates mass flow rates volumetric flux and mass flux The utility monitoring system 100 can also be configured to monitor a status of an individual IED For example the IED 110a can be a micro processor based relay e g a protective relay that monitors the status e g on or off of a circuit breaker coupled to an electrical utility system The utility monitoring system 100 can also include a work station 130 coupled to the IED 125 via a two way connection 132 According to some aspects the IEDs 110a c publish information and the IED 125 receives at least a portion ofthat published information A user of the workstation 130 can request such published information e g in bulk long format and or in summary format directly from the IED 125 through the two way connection 132 However according to some aspects the IEDs 110 a c can also generate and store a sig nificant amount of unpublished information e g monitoring data that may still be necessary for system analysis Thus according to some aspects the workstation 130 maintains a master slave connection not shown with the IEDs 110a c The master slave relationship allows the workstation user to obtain the unpublished information directly from the IEDs 110a c Typically the user is interested in unpublished his torical logs e g dat
29. s performed by the subscriber IED 125 are shown After the subscriber IED 125 monitors 260 the messages as described above the messages the message streams or at least a portion of the messages and or message streams are analyzed 270 The subscriber IED 125 is configured to analyze 270 messages and or message streams in at least one of two ways Specifically the sub scriber IED 125 can be configured to A perform statistical analysis 310 and or B scan for or determine events of interest 330 340 and 365 According to some aspects of the present concepts every monitored and or received message as discussed above can be statistically analyzed 270 Specifically anew message is received in the Analyze block 305 and then the subscriber JED 125 automatically performs statistical analysis 310 on that message and or message stream The statistical analysis 310 generates produces statistical data or resulting statisti cal data which is passed on to the Store block 315 to be saved in the buffer memory as described above e g the statistical data is stored 280 According to some aspects the stored 270 statistical data reflects the most recent statis tics for each message stream US 8 037 173 B2 9 The statistical analysis 310 that generates statistical data results in determining at least one statistic relating to the message and or message stream Specifically the at least one statistic can be 1 a t
30. t least a portion of the power monitors continuously scanning in the subscriber IED for an event of interest the event of interest 1 an appearance of new message stream detected 11 a disappearance of mes sage stream detected or both storing at least one record including at least one of 1 the generated statistical data associated with the electrical characteristics measured by the at least a portion of the power monitors or ii data associated with the event of interest and transmitting the at least one record over the peer to peer communications network for use in the sequence of events analysis 5 14 14 The method of claim 13 wherein the stored record includes a local time stamp 15 The method of claim 13 wherein the performing statis tical analysis includes an ongoing statistical calculation of at least one of i a total number of messages received ii a number of messages with changed data iii a number of messages with unchanged data iv a time of last changed data v a minimum of data values vi a maximum of data values vii an average of data values and viii a number of status changes or any combination thereof 16 The method of claim 13 wherein the at least one record is transmitted to a workstation for use in the sequence of events analysis
31. the Ethernet 120 can be configured to transmit messages between the publisher IEDs 110a c and similarly to transmit messages from the subscriber IED 125 to any of the publisher IEDs 110a c Thus it is contemplated that according to certain aspects any of the plurality of IEDs 110a c 125 can be configured to publish and or subscribe to messages transmit ted between any of the other plurality of IEDs 110a c 125 connected to or coupled with the Ethernet 120 According to some aspects the subscriber IED 125 is configured to at least A monitor 260 published messages B analyze 270 at least a portion of the published messages C store 280 the published messages and related data in a memory 285 and D export 290 the published messages and or the related data from the memory 285 Specifically the subscriber IED 125 monitors 260 messages transmitted e g multicast system over the Ethernet 120 from any con nected publisher IED e g IEDs 110a c The relationship of the subscriber IED 125 and the publisher IEDs 110a c can be referred to as a peer to peer communications network envi ronment Put another way the subscriber IED 125 and the 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 6 publisher IEDs 110a c are peers that communicate messages e g data packets using the publisher subscriber mechanism 140 described above According to some aspects the subscriber IED 125 filters the received messages based
32. tinuously scanning for an event of interest The act of storing includes storing at least one record including at least one of statistical data or event of interest data The foregoing and additional aspects and embodiments of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the detailed description of various embodiments and or aspects which is made with reference to the drawings a brief description of which is provided next BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The foregoing and other advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings FIG 1 is a functional block diagram of a utility monitoring system having a plurality of publisher intelligent electronic devices and a subscriber intelligent electronic device in accordance with aspects herein FIG 2 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary subscriber intelligent electronic device in accordance with aspects herein and FIG 3 is a flow chart of the analyze block of FIG 2 in accordance with aspects herein DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS Although the invention will be described in connection with certain aspects and or embodiments it will be under stood that the invention is not limited to those particular aspects and or embodiments On the contrary the invention is intended to cover all alternatives modifications and equiva lent arran
33. tor a particular address for messages and receive all of the monitored messages or a portion of the monitored mes sages e g multicasting system Alternatively the sub scriber IED 125 can be configured to just receive all published US 8 037 173 B2 5 messages on the network without specifically monitoring e g broadcasting system The subscriber IED 125 is also configured to send all of the received messages whether monitored or not directly on for analysis According to some aspects the subscriber IED 125 can be configured to receive messages and to further filter the received messages accord ing to criteria prior to analyzing any of the received messages In these aspects the subscriber IED 125 only analyzes a portion of the received messages that met the criteria According to some aspects in addition to monitoring and receiving published messages the subscriber IED 125 can be configured to filter the published messages analyze the mes sages to generate statistical data and or event of interest data store the messages in a memory and export the messages and or related data all discussed in detail below in relation to FIGS 2 and 3 The user of the workstation 130 and or dis play 150 can request for the subscriber IED 125 to export the stored messages related statistical data and or event ofinter est data by transmitting and or downloading for example the information to the workstation Alternatively the user can v
34. work to a workstation remote from the publisher and the subscriber IEDs for use in the sequence of events analysis 2 The method of claim 1 wherein the network is an Eth ernet 3 The method of claim 1 wherein the act of monitoring occurs in a peer to peer communications environment using a publish subscriber mechanism 4 The method of claim 1 wherein the publisher IEDs transmit the message streams according to a broadcast or multicast distribution strategy 5 The method of claim 1 wherein the sent messages are IEC 61850 GOOSE messages 6 The method of claim 1 further comprising the act of filtering the messages based on criteria that is at least one of a type of packet an address ofa publisher or a packet length 7 The method of claim 1 further comprising the act of filtering in the subscriber IED the one or more received mes sage streams in the subscriber IED to determine whether one or more of the received message streams is a message stream of interest and in response to determining that the first of the received message streams is a message stream of interest carrying out the act of analyzing 8 The method of claim 1 wherein the subscriber IED is a power meter a circuit breaker or a relay 9 The method of claim 1 wherein the act of performing statistical analysis includes an ongoing statistical calculation of at least one statistic relating to the first of the received message streams the at least one statistic being
35. y analyze GOOSE messages and filter out other types of mes sages According to some aspects the messages e g GOOSE messages are analyzed 270 after the subscriber IED 125 filters the messages It is contemplated that in some aspects the subscriber IED 125 does not filter the messages such that all of the received messages are automatically analyzed 270 It is also contemplated that in some aspects the sub scriber IED 125 monitors 260 and receives particular mes sages and then filters those messages to determine what mes sages will be analyzed 270 According to some aspects the subscriber IED 125 ana lyzes 270 the messages by A performing statistical analy sis and or B scanning for an event of interest The subscriber IED 125 performs statistical analysis on all of the received messages to generate statistical data relating to parameters of the electrical utility system The scanning for the events of interest is also referred to as determining the absence or presence of the events of interest Upon the determination that an event of interest exists or has occurred the subscriber IED 125 is configured to generate event of interest data relating to the message and or message stream being analyzed Accord ing to some aspects the subscriber IED 125 can continuously periodically intermittently and or upon a prompt e g receipt of a new message and or new message stream scan for an event of interest The term mess
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