User`s manual FLIR Ax5 series
Contents
1. 4 Publ No 1559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 2 Typographical conventions User to user forums Calibration Accuracy Disposal of electronic waste Training Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 Notice to user This manual uses the following typographical conventions Semibold is used for menu names menu commands and labels and buttons in dialog boxes Italic is used for important information Monospace is used for code samples UPPER CASE is used for names on keys and buttons Exchange ideas problems and infrared solutions with fellow thermographers around the world in our user to user forums To go to the forums visit http www infraredtraining com community boards This notice only applies to cameras with measurement capabilities We recommend that you send in the camera for calibration once a year Contact your local sales office for instructions on where to send the camera This notice only applies to cameras with measurement capabilities For very accurate results we recommend that you wait 5 minutes after you have started the camera before measuring a temperature For cameras where the detector is cooled by a mechanical cooler this time period excludes the time it takes to cool down the detector 10742803 a1 As with most electronic products this equipment must be disposed of in an environ mentally friendly way and in accordance w2. Emission from the object TW pj where is the emittance of the object and T is the transmittance of the atmosphere The object temperature is Top 2 Reflected emission from ambient sources 1 TW ef where 1 is the re flectance of the object The ambient sources have the temperature Tef It has here been assumed that the temperature Ta is the same for all emitting surfaces within the halfsphere seen from a point on the object surface This is of course sometimes a simplification of the true situation It is however a necessary simplification in order to derive a workable formula and Te can at least theoretically be given a value that represents an efficient temperature of a complex surrounding Note also that we have assumed that the emittance for the surroundings 1 This is correct in accordance with Kirchhoff s law All radiation impinging on the surrounding surfaces will eventually be absorbed by the same surfaces Thus the emittance 1 Note though that the latest discussion requires the complete sphere around the object to be considered 3 Emission from the atmosphere 1 T TW atm where 1 T is the emittance of the atmosphere The temperature of the atmosphere is Tam The total received radiation power can now be written Equation 2 Wo ETW ovj zx d g TW cfl T T W atm We multiply each term by the constant C of Equation 1 and replace the CW products by the correspond
3. User s manual FLIR Ax5 series Publ No 1559770 Revision a598 English EN April 2 2012 FLIR Ax5 series User s manual FLIR Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 Legal disclaimer All products manufactured by FLIR Systems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of one 1 year from the delivery date of the original purchase provided such products have been under normal storage use and service and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction Uncooled handheld infrared cameras manufactured by FLIR Systems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of two 2 years from the delivery date of the original purchase provided such products have been under normal storage use and service and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction and provided that the camera has been registered within 60 days of original purchase Detectors for uncooled handheld infrared cameras manufactured by FLIR Systems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of ten 10 years from the delivery date of the original purchase provided such products have been under normal storage use and service and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction and provided that the camera has been registered within 60 days of original purchase Products which are not manufactured by FLIR Systems but included in systems delivered by FLIR Syste
4. However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular in stallation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Heorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver a Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help Applies only to digital devices subject to 15 19 RSS 210 NOTICE This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules and with RSS 210 of Industry Canada Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation Applies only to digital devices subject to 15 21 NOTICE Changes or modifica tions made to this equipment not expressly approved by manufacturer name may void the FCC authorization to operate this equipment Applies only to digital devices subject to 2 1091 2 1093 OET Bulletin 65 Radiofre quency radiation exposure Information The radiated output power of the device is far below the FCC radio frequency exposure limits Nevertheless the device s
5. Systems Additonal software supporting the FLIR Ax5 camera series can also be downloaded from this site http support flircom Ax5 software The camera is compliant to the following standards Additional software and docu mentation resources can be downloaded from these sites GeniCAM http www genicam org Gigabit Ethernet http www ieee802 org 3 Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 11 9 9 7 Liquids Equipment Procedure CAUTION 12 Cleaning the camera Camera housing cables and other items Use one of these liquids a Warm water a A weak detergent solution A soft cloth Follow this procedure Soak the cloth in the liquid Twist the cloth to remove excess liquid Clean the part with the cloth Do not apply solvents or similar liquids to the camera the cables or other items This can cause damage Publ No 1559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 9 Cleaning the camera 9 2 Liquids Equipment Procedure WARNING CAUTION Infrared lens Use one of these liquids 96 ethyl alcohol C H5OH DEE ether diethylether C4H490 50 acetone dimethylketone CH4 5CO 50 ethyl alcohol by volume This liquid prevents drying marks on the lens Cotton wool Follow this procedure Soak the cotton wool in the liquid Twist the cotton wool to remove excess liquid Clean
6. Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 Corporate Headquarters FLIR Systems Inc 27700 SW Parkway Avenue Wilsonville OR 97070 USA Telephone 1 800 727 3547 Website http www flircom
7. Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 14 Theory of thermography some of it arrives at the other surface through which most of it escapes part of it is reflected back again Although the progressive reflections become weaker and weaker they must all be added up when the total emittance of the plate is sought When the resulting geometrical series is summed the effective emissivity of a semi transparent plate is obtained as aa ere Ey E 1 p T When the plate becomes opaque this formula is reduced to the single formula Ej Eu This last relation is a particularly convenient one because it is often easier to measure reflectance than to measure emissivity directly Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 37 15 The measurement formula As already mentioned when viewing an object the camera receives radiation not only from the object itself It also collects radiation from the surroundings reflected via the object surface Both these radiation contributions become attenuated to some extent by the atmosphere in the measurement path To this comes a third radiation contribution from the atmosphere itself This description of the measurement situation as illustrated in the figure below is so far a fairly true description of the real conditions What has been neglected could for instance be sun light scattering in the atmosphere or stray radiation from intense ra diation sources outside
8. as the best thermometer of the day for detecting heat radiation capable of detecting the heat from a person standing three meters away The first so called heat picture became possible in 1840 the result of work by Sir John Herschel son of the discoverer of the infrared and a famous astronomer in his own right Based upon the differential evaporation of a thin film of oil when exposed to a heat pattern focused upon it the thermal image could be seen by reflected light where the interference effects of the oil film made the image visible to the eye Sir John also managed to obtain a primitive record of the thermal image on paper which he called a thermograph 10399003 a2 Figure 13 4 Samuel P Langley 1834 1906 26 Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 13 History of infrared technology The improvement of infrared detector sensitivity progressed slowly Another major breakthrough made by Langley in 1880 was the invention of the bolometer This consisted of a thin blackened strip of platinum connected in one arm of a Wheatstone bridge circuit upon which the infrared radiation was focused and to which a sensitive galvanometer responded This instrument is said to have been able to detect the heat from a cow at a distance of 400 meters An English scientist Sir James Dewar first introduced the use of liquefied gases as cooling agents such as liquid nitrogen with a temperature of 196 C 320 8 F
9. basis To access the latest manuals and notifications go to the Download tab at http support flircom It only takes a few minutes to register online In the download area you will also find the latest releases of manuals for our other products as well as manuals for our historical and obsolete products Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 7 5 Introduction T639462 a1 The FLIR Ax5 camera has features and functions that make it the natural choice for anyone who uses PC software to solve problems and for whom 336 x 256 pixel res olution is sufficient Among its main features are GigE Vision and GenlCam compliance which makes it plug and play when used with software packages such as IMAQ Vision and Halcon Key features Very affordable Compact 40 x 43 x 106 mm GigE Vision and GenlCam compliant GigE Vision lockable connector PoE power over Ethernet 8 and 14 bit 336 x 256 images streamed at 60 Hz signal linear High frame rates 60 Hz synchronization between cameras possible 1x4 1x GPIO Compliant with any software that supports GenlCam including National Instruments IMAQ Vision Stemmers Common Vision Blox and COGNEX Vision Pro Lenses 25 or 40 Typical applications Automation thermal machine vision Entry level high speed R amp D Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 6 Parts lists 6 1 Contents of the cardboard box Cardboard box infra
10. is a view showing the paraxial image FIG 3 is a view showing said paraxial image surface angles with the x axis The smaller value of x corre ning a field of view for ascertaining the energy surface for Tays in two perpendicular planes for rays in two mutually perpendicular planes for different 40 sponds to the image surface 8 that is generated by the levels in such field for different indices of refraction of the indices of refraction of said prism rays which are parallel with the x z plane and form n It is a still further object of the present prism FIG 4 is a side view showing the essential components small angles with the x y plane invention to provide a scanning mechanism for The scanning mechanism of the present in 65 of a complete scanning mechanism and It is apparent from FIG 3 that the aberrations which 25 rapid scanning of a field vention is particularly applicable to receiving FIG 5 is a perspective view of a particular form of a are caused by the prism can be neutralized to a sub A still further object of the present in electromagnetic radiation within the optical scanning prism 45 stantial degree by a suitable choice of image surface vention is to provide a scanning mechanism ultra violet or infra red regions of the electro Briefly stated our invention is in the following specifica In this way it is possible according to our invention to whereby for continuous scanning the retrace magnetic spectrum the incoming radiation tio
11. of a body are equal at any specified temperature and wavelength That is EX A From this we obtain for an opaque material since a p 1 epp For highly polished materials approaches zero so that for a perfectly reflecting material i e a perfect mirror we have Pa 1 For a graybody radiator the Stefan Boltzmann formula becomes W eo T Watt m This states that the total emissive power of a graybody is the same as a blackbody at the same temperature reduced in proportion to the value of from the graybody Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 35 14 Theory of thermography 10401203 a2 Figure 14 8 Spectral radiant emittance of three types of radiators 1 Spectral radiant emittance 2 Wavelength 3 Blackbody 4 Selective radiator 5 Graybody 10327303 a4 Figure 14 9 Spectral emissivity of three types of radiators 1 Spectral emissivity 2 Wavelength 3 Blackbody 4 Graybody 5 Selective radiator 14 4 Infrared semi transparent materials Consider now a non metallic semi transparent body let us say in the form of a thick flat plate of plastic material When the plate is heated radiation generated within its volume must work its way toward the surfaces through the material in which it is partially absorbed Moreover when it arrives at the surface some of it is reflected back into the interior The back reflected radiation is again partially absorbed but 36
12. the field of view Such disturbances are difficult to quantify however in most cases they are fortunately small enough to be neglected In case they are not negligible the measurement configuration is likely to be such that the risk for disturbance is obvious at least to a trained operator It is then his responsibil ity to modify the measurement situation to avoid the disturbance e g by changing the viewing direction shielding off intense radiation sources etc Accepting the description above we can use the figure below to derive a formula for the calculation of the object temperature from the calibrated camera output 10400503 a1 1 Wien l e T Wien Figure 15 1 A schematic representation of the general thermographic measurement situation 1 Surround ings 2 Object 3 Atmosphere 4 Camera Assume that the received radiation power W from a blackbody source of temperature Tsource ON short distance generates a camera output signal U ource that is proportional to the power input power linear camera We can then write Equation 1 38 Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 15 The measurement formula U CW T SOUrCce SOUrCe or with simplified notation U CW SOUrce SOUrCce where C is a constant Should the source be a graybody with emittance the received radiation would consequently be W ource We are now ready to write the three collected radiation power terms 1
13. the spectral emittance is zero at 0 then increases rapidly to a maximum at a wavelength max and after passing it approaches zero again at very long wavelengths The higher the temperature the shorter the wavelength at which maximum occurs 10327103 a4 Figure 14 4 Blackbody spectral radiant emittance according to Planck s law plotted for various absolute temperatures 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm x 109 um 2 Wavelength um 14 3 2 Wien s displacement law By differentiating Planck s formula with respect to A and finding the maximum we have 2898 max m This is Wien s formula after Wilhelm Wien 1864 1928 which expresses mathemati cally the common observation that colors vary from red to orange or yellow as the temperature of a thermal radiator increases The wavelength of the color is the same as the wavelength calculated for A A good approximation of the value of max for a given blackbody temperature is obtained by applying the rule of thumb 3 000 T Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 31 14 Theory of thermography um Thus a very hot star such as Sirius 11 000 K emitting bluish white light radiates with the peak of spectral radiant emittance occurring within the invisible ultraviolet spectrum at wavelength 0 27 um 10399403 a1 Figure 14 5 Wilhelm Wien 1864 1928 The sun approx 6 000 K emits yellow light peaking at about 0 5 um in the middle of
14. the visible light spectrum At room temperature 300 K the peak of radiant emittance lies at 9 7 um in the far infrared while at the temperature of liquid nitrogen 77 K the maximum of the almost insignificant amount of radiant emittance occurs at 38 um in the extreme infrared wavelengths 32 Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 14 Theory of thermography 10327203 a4 Figure 14 6 Planckian curves plotted on semi log scales from 100 K to 1000 K The dotted line represents the locus of maximum radiant emittance at each temperature as described by Wien s displacement law 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm um 2 Wavelength um 14 3 3 Stefan Boltzmann s law By integrating Planck s formula from A 0 to A o we obtain the total radiant emittance Wy of a blackbody W oT Watt m This is the Stefan Boltzmann formula after Josef Stefan 1835 1893 and Ludwig Boltzmann 1844 1906 which states that the total emissive power of a blackbody is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature Graphically W represents the area below the Planck curve for a particular temperature It can be shown that the radiant emittance in the interval 0 to Amax is only 25 of the total which represents about the amount of the sun s radiation which lies inside the visible light spectrum Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 33 14 Theory of thermography
15. wavelengths and the most interesting military targets i e enemy soldiers had to be illuminated by infrared search beams Since this involved the risk of giving away the observer s position to a similarly equipped enemy observer it is understandable that military interest in the image converter eventually faded The tactical military disadvantages of so called active i e search beam equipped thermal imaging systems provided impetus following the 1939 45 war for extensive secret military infrared research programs into the possibilities of developing passive no search beam systems around the extremely sensitive photon detector During this period military secrecy regulations completely prevented disclosure of the status of infrared imaging technology This secrecy only began to be lifted in the middle of the 1950 s and from that time adequate thermal imaging devices finally began to be available to civilian science and industry Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 27 14 Theory of thermography 14 1 Introduction The subjects of infrared radiation and the related technique of thermography are still new to many who will use an infrared camera In this section the theory behind ther mography will be given 14 2 The electromagnetic spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum is divided arbitrarily into a number of wavelength re gions called bands distinguished by the methods used to produce and detect the r
16. 10399303 a1 Figure 14 7 Josef Stefan 1835 1893 and Ludwig Boltzmann 1844 1906 Using the Stefan Boltzmann formula to calculate the power radiated by the human body at a temperature of 300 K and an external surface area of approx 2 m we obtain 1 kW This power loss could not be sustained if it were not for the compensating absorption of radiation from surrounding surfaces at room temperatures which do not vary too drastically from the temperature of the body or of course the addition of clothing 14 3 4 Non blackbody emitters So far only blackbody radiators and blackbody radiation have been discussed However real objects almost never comply with these laws over an extended wave length region although they may approach the blackbody behavior in certain spectral intervals For example a certain type of white paint may appear perfectly white in the visible light spectrum but becomes distinctly gray at about 2 um and beyond 3 um it is almost black There are three processes which can occur that prevent a real object from acting like a blackbody a fraction of the incident radiation a may be absorbed a fraction p may be reflected and a fraction t may be transmitted Since all of these factors are more or less wavelength dependent the subscript A is used to imply the spectral depen dence of their definitions Thus The spectral absorptance a the ratio of the spectral radiant power absorbed by an object to that incid
17. 59770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 17 11 Pin configurations and schematics 17 2 SYNC input output schematics T639468 a1 p ai a lh el a ala cia eel ately p 2 2 2 2 4 dL 22 e oF n Place ESD suppressor 10K 18 Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 17 3 T639469 a1 33v cBi 4 IGPIO INO SPIO QUT O RASA NR IGNI dt cei GP input output schematics ll L11 22212222222 2 4 j PS2913 1 A eee nnn eens poo Required isolation 500V RMS Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 p 34 rp 4 pO 29 0 2 C2 r rr A unm is PI ER 11 Pin configurations and schematics 19 12 About FLIR Systems FLIR Systems was established in 1978 to pioneer the development of high performance infrared imaging systems and is the world leader in the design manufacture and marketing of thermal imaging systems for a wide variety of commercial industrial and government applications Today FLIR Systems embraces five major companies with outstanding achievements in infrared technology since 1958 the Swedish AGEMA Infrared Systems formerly AGA Infrared Systems the three United States companies Indigo Sys
18. H EN April 2 2012 29 14 Theory of thermography If the temperature of blackbody radiation increases to more than 525 C 977 F the source begins to be visible so that it appears to the eye no longer black This is the incipient red heat temperature of the radiator which then becomes orange or yellow as the temperature increases further In fact the definition of the so called color temperature of an object is the temperature to which a blackbody would have to be heated to have the same appearance Now consider three expressions that describe the radiation emitted from a blackbody 14 3 1 Planck s law 10399203 a1 Figure 14 3 Max Planck 1858 1947 Max Planck 1858 1947 was able to describe the spectral distribution of the radiation from a blackbody by means of the following formula rhe T qmm a x 10 Watt m um Blackbody spectral radiant emittance at wavelength A Velocity of light 3 x 108 m s Planck s constant 6 6 x 10 34 Joule sec Boltzmann s constant 1 4 x 10 23 Joule K Absolute temperature K of a blackbody Wavelength um 30 Publ No 1559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 14 Theory of thermography The factor 10 is used since spectral emittance in the curves is expressed in Watt m um Planck s formula when plotted graphically for various temperatures produces a family of curves Following any particular Planck curve
19. adiation There is no fundamental difference between radiation in the different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum They are all governed by the same laws and the only differences are those due to differences in wavelength 10067803 a1 10mm 100mm 1m 10m 100m 1km Figure 14 1 The electromagnetic spectrum 1 X ray 2 UV 3 Visible 4 IR 5 Microwaves 6 Radiowaves Thermography makes use of the infrared spectral band At the short wavelength end the boundary lies at the limit of visual perception in the deep red At the long wave length end it merges with the microwave radio wavelengths in the millimeter range The infrared band is often further subdivided into four smaller bands the boundaries of which are also arbitrarily chosen They include the near infrared 0 75 3 um the middle infrared 3 6 um the far infrared 6 15 um and the extreme infrared 15 100 28 Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 14 Theory of thermography um Although the wavelengths are given in um micrometers other units are often still used to measure wavelength in this spectral region e g nanometer nm and Angstrom A The relationships between the different wavelength measurements is 10 000 A 1000 nm 1 u 1 um 14 3 Blackbody radiation A blackbody is defined as an object which absorbs all radiation that impinges on it at any wavelength The apparent misnomer black relating to an object emitting radia t
20. attery becomes hot the built in safety equipment becomes energized and can stop the battery charging process If the battery becomes hot damage can occur to the safety equipment and this can cause more heat damage or ignition of the battery Do not put the battery on a fire or increase the temperature of the battery with heat Do not put the battery on or near fires stoves or other high temperature loca tions a Do not solder directly onto the battery Do not use the battery if when you use charge or store the battery there is an unusual smell from the battery the battery feels hot changes color changes shape or is in an unusual condition Contact your sales office if one or more of these problems occurs Only use a specified battery charger when you charge the battery Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 1 Warnings amp Cautions The temperature range through which you can charge the battery is 0 C to 45 C 32 F to 113 F unless specified otherwise in the user documenta tion If you charge the battery at temperatures out of this range it can cause the battery to become hot or to break It can also decrease the performance or the life cycle of the battery The temperature range through which you can discharge the battery is 15 C to 50 C 5 F to 122 F unless specified otherwise in the user documen tation Use of the battery out of this temperature range can
21. before you use a liquid the liquids can be dangerous If mounting the A3xx pt A3xx f series camera on a pole tower or any elevated lo cation use industry standard safe practices to avoid injuries Do not point the infrared camera with or without the lens cover at intensive energy sources for example devices that emit laser radiation or the sun This can have an unwanted effect on the accuracy of the camera It can also cause damage to the detector in the camera Do not use the camera in a temperature higher than 50 C 122 F unless specified otherwise in the user documentation High temperatures can cause damage to the camera Applies only to cameras with laser pointer Protect the laser pointer with the protective cap when you do not operate the laser pointer Applies only to cameras with battery Do not attach the batteries directly to a car s cigarette lighter socket unless a specific adapter for connecting the batteries to a cigarette lighter socket is provided by FLIR Systems a Do not connect the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery to each other with a metal object such as wire Do not get water or salt water on the battery or permit the battery to get wet Do not make holes in the battery with objects Do not hit the battery with a hammer Do not step on the battery or apply strong impacts or shocks to it a Donotputthe batteries in or near a fire or into direct sunlight When the b
22. camera including removal of the cover can cause permanent damage and will void the warranty Donotto leave fingerprints on the FLIR A3xx pt A3xx f series camera s infrared Optics The FLIR A3xx pt A3xx f series camera requires a power supply of 24 VDC Operating the camera outside of the specified input voltage range or the specified operating temperature range can cause permanent damage When lifting the FLIR A3xx pt series camera use the camera body and base not the tubes Applies only to FLIR GF309 cameras CAUTION The exceptionally wide temper ature range of the FLIR GF309 infrared camera is designed for performing highly accurate electrical and mechanical inspections and can also see through flames for inspecting gas fired furnaces chemical heaters and coal fired boilers IN ORDER TO DERIVE ACCURATE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN THESE ENVIRON MENTS THE GF309 OPERATOR MUST HAVE A STRONG UNDERSTANDING OF RADIOMETRIC FUNDAMENTALS AS WELL AS THE PRODUCTS AND CONDI TIONS OF COMBUSTION THAT IMPACT REMOTE TEMPERATURE MEASURE MENT The Infrared Training Center itc offers a wide range of world class infrared Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 3 1 Warnings amp Cautions training for thermography professionals including GF309 operators For more in formation about obtaining the training and certification you require contact your FLIR sales representative or itc at www infraredtraining com
23. ction steps are carried out and supervised by our own engineers The in depth expertise of these infrared specialists ensures the accuracy and reliability of all vital components that are assembled into your infrared camera 12 1 More than just an infrared camera At FLIR Systems we recognize that our job is to go beyond just producing the best infrared camera systems We are committed to enabling all users of our infrared camera systems to work more productively by providing them with the most powerful Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 21 12 About FLIR Systems camera software combination Especially tailored software for predictive maintenance RH amp D and process monitoring is developed in house Most software is available in a wide variety of languages We support all our infrared cameras with a wide variety of accessories to adapt your equipment to the most demanding infrared applications 12 2 sharing our knowledge Although our cameras are designed to be very user friendly there is a lot more to thermography than just knowing how to handle a camera Therefore FLIR Systems has founded the Infrared Training Center ITC a separate business unit that provides certified training courses Attending one of the ITC courses will give you a truly hands on learning experience The staff of the ITC are also there to provide you with any application support you may need in putting infrared theory into pract
24. d by arbitration in accordance with the Rules of the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce The place of arbitration shall be Stockholm The language to be used in the arbitral proceedings shall be English Copyright 2012 FLIR Systems All rights reserved worldwide No parts of the software including source code may be reproduced transmitted transcribed or translated into any language or computer language in any form or by any means electronic magnetic optical manual or otherwise without the prior written permission of FLIR Systems This documentation must not in whole or part be copied photocopied reproduced translated or transmitted to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent in writing from FLIR Systems Names and marks appearing on the products herein are either registered trademarks or trademarks of FLIR Systems and or its subsidiaries All other trademarks trade names or company names referenced herein are used for identification only and are the property of their respective owners Quality assurance The Quality Management System under which these products are developed and manufactured has been certified in accordance with the ISO 9001 standard FLIR Systems is committed to a policy of continuous development therefore we reserve the right to make changes and improvements on any of the products described in this manual without prior notice Patents One or several of th
25. d said aperture for for optical scanning of said field of view many times per and z parallel to the axis of rotation 2 A point on the 5 kulhi param uc ind Ex ete picking up such radiation second image surface 5 is defined by these coordinates as in s to be performed to par 5 A further specific object is to provide means for more dicated in the case of a point x y in FIG 1 the z co ticularly described in and by the following mood ee pes LR pa ess t accurate and efficient panies of a field of view the 25 ordinate of which is 0 ncs it is in the x y plane statement description given ja f l pens dead or nonutilized scanning time being reduced to a The deflection of rays is shown in FIG 2 in the y di This invention relates to scanning mechan and Mdh E Ti y the of example a y 50 small value rection as a function of the turning angle o and index of 10 isms and in particular to such mechanisms icd eee to ihe us Other objects and various further features of novelty refraction of said prism n whereby electro magnetic radiation is picked 8 matic drawings in which and invention will be pointed out or will occur to those The axis y in FIG 3 refers to the same axis as in FIG up and applied thereby to radiation responsive Fig 1 is a side view of a scanning prism skilled in the art from a reading of the following specifica 30 2 FIG 3 shows the necessary form wq and 8 of the means from which values measured by the and illustrates t
26. decrease the per formance or the life cycle of the battery a When the battery is worn apply insulation to the terminals with adhesive tape or similar materials before you discard it a Remove any water or moisture on the battery before you install it Do not apply solvents or similar liquids to the camera the cables or other items This can cause damage Be careful when you clean the infrared lens The lens has a delicate anti reflective coating Do not clean the infrared lens too vigorously This can damage the anti reflective coating n furnace and other high temperature applications you must mount a heatshield on the camera Using the camera in furnace and other high temperature applica tions without a heatshield can cause damage to the camera Applies only to cameras with an automatic shutter that can be disabled Do not disable the automatic shutter in the camera for a prolonged time period typically max 30 minutes Disabling the shutter for a longer time period may harm or ir reparably damage the detector a The encapsulation rating is valid only when all openings on the camera are sealed with their designated covers hatches or caps This includes but is not limited to compartments for data storage batteries and connectors Applies only to FLIR A3xx f A3xx pt series cameras a Except as described in this manual do not open the FLIR A3xx pt A3xx f series camera for any reason Disassembly of the
27. e is also a manufacturing plant in Tallinn Estonia Direct sales offices in Belgium Brazil 20 Publ No 1559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 12 About FLIR Systems China France Germany Great Britain Hong Kong Italy Japan Korea Sweden and the USA together with a worldwide network of agents and distributors support our international customer base FLIR Systems is at the forefront of innovation in the infrared camera industry We an ticipate market demand by constantly improving our existing cameras and developing new ones The company has set milestones in product design and development such as the introduction of the first battery operated portable camera for industrial inspec tions and the first uncooled infrared camera to mention just two innovations 10722703 a2 Figure 12 2 LEFT Thermovision Model 661 from 1969 The camera weighed approximately 25 kg 55 Ib the oscilloscope 20 kg 44 Ib and the tripod 15 kg 83 Ib The operator also needed a 220 VAC generator set and a 10 L 2 6 US gallon jar with liquid nitrogen To the left of the oscilloscope the Polaroid attachment 6 kg 13 Ib can be seen RIGHT FLIR i7 from 2009 Weight 0 34 kg 0 75 Ib including the battery FLIR Systems manufactures all vital mechanical and electronic components of the camera systems itself From detector design and manufacturing to lenses and system electronics to final testing and calibration all produ
28. e surroundings do not contain large and intense radiation sources A natural question in this connection is How important is it to know the right values of these parameters It could though be of interest to get a feeling for this problem already here by looking into some different measurement cases and compare the relative magnitudes of the three radiation terms This will give indications about when it is important to use correct values of which parameters The figures below illustrates the relative magnitudes of the three radiation contributions for three different object temperatures two emittances and two spectral ranges SW and LW Remaining parameters have the following fixed values T 0 88 Trefl 20 C 68 F Tatm 20 C 68 F 40 Publ No 1559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 15 The measurement formula It is obvious that measurement of low object temperatures are more critical than measuring high temperatures since the disturbing radiation sources are relatively much stronger in the first case Should also the object emittance be low the situation would be still more difficult We have finally to answer a question about the importance of being allowed to use the calibration curve above the highest calibration point what we call extrapolation Imagine that we in a certain case measure U 4 5 volts The highest calibration point for the camera was in the order of 4 1 volts a value unkno
29. e following patents or design patents apply to the products and or features described in this manual 0002258 2 000279476 0001 000439161 000499579 0001 000653423 000726344 000859020 000889290 001106306 0001 001707738 001707746 001707787 001776519 0101577 5 0102150 0 0200629 4 0300911 5 0302837 0 1144833 1182246 1182620 1188086 1285345 1287138 1299699 1325808 1336775 1365299 1402918 1404291 1678485 1732314 200530018812 0 200830143636 7 2106017 235308 3006596 3006597 466540 483782 484155 518836 60004227 8 60122153 2 602004011681 5 08 6707044 68657 7034300 7110035 7154093 7157705 7237946 7312822 7332716 7336823 7544944 75530 7667198 7809258 7826736 D540838 D549758 D579475 D584755 D599 392 DI6702302 9 DI6703574 4 DI6803572 1 DI6803853 4 DI6903617 9 DM 057692 DM 061609 Registration Number ZL008091 78 1 ZL01823221 3 ZL01823226 4 ZL02331553 9 ZL02331554 7 ZL200480034894 0 ZL200530120994 2 ZL200630130114 4 ZL200730151141 4 ZL200730339504 7 ZL200830128581 2 ZL200930190061 9 IV Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 Table of contents 10 11 12 13 14 15 Warnings amp Cautions sssssssssseeseeeeeeeennene nennen nnne nennen nnns nnns sss sss 1 Notice 10 USOT c 5 Customer help cated and ian ied hd ie ies 6 Documentation updates ssssssssssssssssseeseeeeeen nennen n
30. ennen nnn nnne nnns nnn nnn nnne nnns 7 LINER OCU CUOM c P 8 Parte lislS onion odoratus asd in a a cee mds cp etae ls Edi ar Eain 9 6 1 Contents of the cardboard BOX anb ar aer a d KE IKE YER E dud 9 6 2 AGCGOSSOlIOS vidi adc eut ex aneii ariadne enia a dan usen ariaa ioie nei quad edaesuumhedunnausdenieauiaes 9 Mechanical installation essssssseeeeeeeennmnneeeennnnnnnn nennen enn nnne rrr n nnne nnns 10 Software InstallalOl seco ios rris Ec bises ha vga esca e esa edis Eon utere ees Eds es pua c E Ds Del oun qud Edu prtU 11 Cleamng the Camera so od hinds saz a Iuris ebas uis apu a a auue fupe iude itas de iea ae ue reali 12 9 1 Camera housing cables and other items sssssssssee nanna 12 9 2 Infrared EMS o i TT TT 13 9 3 lafrared detecto cess a e a ea tele cena Va eed Cei 14 Technical r e 15 Pin configurations and schematics ssssssssssssssssseeseeeeeeen mme nnne 16 11 1 MT2 connector DIM configuration sesspseusu es eee bee epe Ryu dx vete be ERE HE RENE FeekE EE Rp H eR yR EX Fee EbeE ep ke o ERE ubRt oca 16 11 2 SYNC input output schematics 3 1 2 20 5c lt citneidedseanseceiwnsadsdntaracdeiinai dadseensccuiwnsdsbstunacdeimnaideduennacs 18 11597 GP input o tput SCHEMALCS iccscccnnccterestencaixamoasecomimnaitomertaxceiunmitamertaxantunmidaservaxcnamnmitomaersans 19 Ab t FLU Sy Ste iS
31. ent upon it The spectral reflectance p the ratio of the spectral radiant power reflected by an object to that incident upon it The spectral transmittance T the ratio of the spectral radiant power transmitted through an object to that incident upon it The sum of these three factors must always add up to the whole at any wavelength so we have the relation a p 7 l 34 Publ No 1559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 14 Theory of thermography For opaque materials T O and the relation simplifies to b pep l Another factor called the emissivity is required to describe the fraction of the radiant emittance of a blackbody produced by an object at a specific temperature Thus we have the definition The spectral emissivity the ratio of the spectral radiant power from an object to that from a blackbody at the same temperature and wavelength Expressed mathematically this can be written as the ratio of the spectral emittance of the object to that of a blackbody as follows Wy W EU Generally speaking there are three types of radiation source distinguished by the ways in which the spectral emittance of each varies with wavelength A blackbody for which 1 A graybody for which constant less than 1 A selective radiator for which e varies with wavelength According to Kirchhoff s law for any material the spectral emissivity and spectral ab sorptance
32. g the frame frequency of ordinary motion pic tures Referring to the drawings the arrangement according to our invention is characterized by an image surface gen erated inside the circumscribed circle of said prism by a collecting optics 9 in FIGURE 4 Said prism is in our invention of the form of a plane parallel refractive prism which is in one case 1 shown in FIG 1 Said 70 The entry area of the rays coming from said optical system for varying turning angles e does not extend near the corners of the prism in our invention which may therefore be rounded This improves both the air resist ance and the mechanical strength of the prism When said prism rotates and the scanning in the other direction is accomplished in said collecting optics the radiation energy responsive element 12 scans said field of view for various energy levels in such field The out put signals from said element are amplified and filtered and may be used to modulate the intensity of a moving spot on a cathode ray tube The movement of said Figure 12 1 Patent documents from the early 1960s The company has sold more than 200 000 infrared cameras worldwide for applications such as predictive maintenance R amp D non destructive testing process control and automation and machine vision among many others FLIR Systems has three manufacturing plants in the United States Portland OR Boston MA Santa Barbara CA and one in Sweden Stockholm Since 2007 ther
33. hall be used in such a manner that the potential for human contact during normal operation is minimized Applies only to cameras with laser pointer Do not look directly into the laser beam The laser beam can cause eye irritation Applies only to cameras with battery Do not disassemble or do a modification to the battery The battery contains safety and protection devices which if they become damaged can cause the battery to become hot or cause an explosion or an ignition Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 1 1 Warnings amp Cautions CAUTION If there is a leak from the battery and the fluid gets into your eyes do not rub your eyes Flush well with water and immediately get medical care The battery fluid can cause injury to your eyes if you do not do this a Do not continue to charge the battery if it does not become charged in the specified charging time If you continue to charge the battery it can become hot and cause an explosion or ignition Only use the correct equipment to discharge the battery If you do not use the correct equipment you can decrease the performance or the life cycle of the battery If you do not use the correct equipment an incorrect flow of current to the battery can occur This can cause the battery to become hot or cause an explosion and injury to persons Make sure that you read all applicable MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets and warning labels on containers
34. he deflection of rays of electro tion in conjunction with the accompanying drawings image surfaces of said optical system in order that said radiation responsive means can be studied magnetic radiation by the prism and the focus 55 Said drawings show the principle of the invention field of view shall be scanned without aberrations for 15 It is an object of the present invention to sing of the rays at a fixed scanning aperture FIG 1 is a side view of a scanning prism showing the various values of refractive index of said prism Refer provide an improved scanning mechanism of Fig 2 graphically illustrates the scannin deflected rays in said prism and the necessary image sur ring to FIG 3 there are for every rotating angle o and the character indicated deflection asa Netin eiit le of md face for proper focussing at the fixed scanning aperture 35 every refractive index of said prism n two values of x Jt is a farther obie A P X the angle of rota FIG 2 is a diagram which Shows the scanning deflec The larger of said two values of x corresponds to the ltisa ET object of the present inven tion for various refractive indices of the tion as a function of the rotating angle of the prism for image surface 7 that is generated by the rays in the tion hs provide pee scanning mechan prism oe 60 various indices of refraction of said prism plane of the paper ie the x y plane and forming small 20 ism for continuously an automatically scan Fig 3
35. ial Sir William Herschel Royal Astronomer to King George III of England and already famous for his discovery of the planet Uranus was searching for an optical filter material to reduce the brightness of the sun s image in telescopes during solar obser vations While testing different samples of colored glass which gave similar reductions in brightness he was intrigued to find that some of the samples passed very little of the sun s heat while others passed so much heat that he risked eye damage after only a few seconds observation Herschel was soon convinced of the necessity of setting up a systematic experiment with the objective of finding a single material that would give the desired reduction in brightness as well as the maximum reduction in heat He began the experiment by actually repeating Newton s prism experiment but looking for the heating effect rather than the visual distribution of intensity in the spectrum He first blackened the bulb of a sensitive mercury in glass thermometer with ink and with this as his radiation de tector he proceeded to test the heating effect of the various colors of the spectrum formed on the top of a table by passing sunlight through a glass prism Other ther mometers placed outside the sun s rays served as controls As the blackened thermometer was moved slowly along the colors of the spectrum the temperature readings showed a steady increase from the violet end to the red end This was not en
36. ice 12 3 Supporting our customers FLIR Systems operates a worldwide service network to keep your camera running at all times If you discover a problem with your camera local service centers have all the equipment and expertise to solve it within the shortest possible time Therefore there is no need to send your camera to the other side of the world or to talk to someone who does not speak your language 12 4 A few images from our facilities 10401303 a1 Figure 12 3 LEFT Development of system electronics RIGHT Testing of an FPA detector 22 Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 12 About FLIR Systems B UN 10401403 a1 Figure 12 4 LEFT Diamond turning machine RIGHT Lens polishing 10401503 a1 Figure 12 5 LEFT Testing of infrared cameras in the climatic chamber RIGHT Robot used for camera testing and calibration Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 23 13 History of infrared technology Before the year 1800 the existence of the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum wasn t even suspected The original significance of the infrared spectrum or simply the infrared as it is often called as a form of heat radiation is perhaps less obvious today than it was at the time of its discovery by Herschel in 1800 10398703 a1 Figure 13 1 Sir William Herschel 1738 1822 The discovery was made accidentally during the search for a new optical mater
37. in low temperature research In 1892 he invented a unique vacuum insulating container in which it is possible to store liquefied gases for entire days The common thermos bottle used for storing hot and cold drinks is based upon his invention Between the years 1900 and 1920 the inventors of the world discovered the infrared Many patents were issued for devices to detect personnel artillery aircraft ships and even icebergs The first operating systems in the modern sense began to be developed during the 1914 18 war when both sides had research programs devoted to the military exploitation of the infrared These programs included experimental systems for enemy intrusion detection remote temperature sensing secure commu nications and flying torpedo guidance An infrared search system tested during this period was able to detect an approaching airplane at a distance of 1 5 km 0 94 miles or a person more than 300 meters 984 ft away The most sensitive systems up to this time were all based upon variations of the bolometer idea but the period between the two wars saw the development of two revolutionary new infrared detectors the image converter and the photon detector At first the image converter received the greatest attention by the military because it enabled an observer for the first time in history to literally see in the dark However the sensitivity of the image converter was limited to the near infrared
38. ing U according to the same equation and get Equation 3 Cii ETU y T 1 gt E TU n F 1 n T U atm Solve Equation 3 for Uop Equation 4 Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 39 15 The measurement formula 1 1 1 U U U eg U obj atm ET E ET This is the general measurement formula used in all the FLIR Systems thermographic equipment The voltages of the formula are Figure 15 2 Voltages Calculated camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature Topj i e a voltage that can be directly converted into true requested object temperature Measured camera output voltage for the actual case Theoretical camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature T ef according to the calibration Theoretical camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature T atm according to the calibration The operator has to supply a number of parameter values for the calculation the object emittance the relative humidity lam object distance Dopj the effective temperature of the object surroundings or the reflected ambient temperature T e and the temperature of the atmosphere Ttm This task could sometimes be a heavy burden for the operator since there are normally no easy ways to find accurate values of emittance and atmospheric transmittance for the actual case The two temperatures are normally less of a problem provided th
39. ion is explained by Kirchhoff s Law after Gustav Robert Kirchhoff 1824 1887 which states that a body capable of absorbing all radiation at any wavelength is equally capable in the emission of radiation 10398803 a1 Figure 14 2 Gustav Robert Kirchhoff 1824 1887 The construction of a blackbody source is in principle very simple The radiation characteristics of an aperture in an isotherm cavity made of an opaque absorbing material represents almost exactly the properties of a blackbody A practical application of the principle to the construction of a perfect absorber of radiation consists of a box that is light tight except for an aperture in one of the sides Any radiation which then enters the hole is scattered and absorbed by repeated reflections so only an infinites imal fraction can possibly escape The blackness which is obtained at the aperture is nearly equal to a blackbody and almost perfect for all wavelengths By providing such an isothermal cavity with a suitable heater it becomes what is termed a cavity radiator An isothermal cavity heated to a uniform temperature gener ates blackbody radiation the characteristics of which are determined solely by the temperature of the cavity Such cavity radiators are commonly used as sources of radiation in temperature reference standards in the laboratory for calibrating thermo graphic instruments such as a FLIR Systems camera for example Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLIS
40. is product please refer to the product catalog and technical datasheets on the User Documentation CD ROM that comes with the camera The product catalog and the datasheets are also available at http support flir com Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 15 11 Pin configurations and schematics 11 1 M12 connector pin configuration This section specifies the pin configuration for the M12 connector on the rear side of the camera 113 2 T639463 a1 10 fy 4 1 o 6 12 7 Schematic diagram 1 Pin assignment M12 male connector 12 pos male side view Description 1 RET GB Camera PWR 2 PWR GB Camera PWR 3 SYNC_OUT LVC Buffer 3 3V 0 24 MA max 1 24 mA max 4 SYNC OUT GND RET GB Camera PWR 5 SYNC_IN LVC Buffer 3 3V 0 lt 0 8 V 1 2 00V 6 SYNC IN GND RET GB Camera PWR 7 GPO 1x opto isolated 2 40 VDC max 185 mA 8 GPO GP Input return 16 Publ No 1559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 11 Pin configurations and schematics GPIO_PWR Description GP Output PWR 2 40 VDC max 200 mA GPIO GND GP Ouput PWR return GPI 1x opto isolated 0 lt 2 1 2 40 VDC GPI GP Input return Cables for the M12 connector are available from FLIR Systems See the part numbers below 1127605 Cable M12 Pigtail 1127606 Cable M12 Sync Publ No T5
41. it is to be permanently mounted on the application site certain steps have to be taken The camera unit might need to be enclosed in a protective housing and depending on the ambient conditions e g temperature the housing may need to be cooled by means of water or air In very dusty conditions the installation might also need to have a stream of pressurized air directed to the lens in order to prevent dust build up When mounting the camera unit in harsh environments every precaution should be taken when it comes to securing the unit If the environment exposes the unit to severe vibrations there may arise a need to secure the mounting screws by means of Loctite or any other industrial brand of thread locking liquid as well as dampen the vibrations by mounting the camera unit on a specially designed mounting base For further information regarding mounting recommendations and environmental enclosures contact FLIR Systems The camera is typically powered using PoE Power over Ethernet A PoE injector and cable kit are available from FLIR Systems See the part numbers below 198348 Cable kit Mains UK EU US m 911112 PoE injector 951004 Ethernet cable CAT 6 2 m 6 6 ft 10 Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 8 Software installation The principal software to configure and control the camera is Pleora GEVPlayer This software is included in the Pleora eBus SDK which can be downloaded from FLIR
42. ith existing regulations for electronic waste Please contact your FLIR Systems representative for more details To read about infrared training visit a http www infraredtraining com a http www irtraining com a http www irtraining eu io 3 General Submitting a question Downloads Customer help For customer help visit http support flir com To submit a question to the customer help team you must be a registered user It only takes a few minutes to register online If you only want to search the knowledge base for existing questions and answers you do not need to be a registered user When you want to submit a question make sure that you have the following informa tion to hand The camera model The camera serial number The communication protocol or method between the camera and your PC for example HDMI Ethernet USB or FireWire Operating system on your PC Microsoft Office version Full name publication number and revision number of the manual On the customer help site you can also download the following Firmware updates for your infrared camera Program updates for your PC software User documentation Application stories Technical publications Publ No 1559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 4 Documentation updates General Our manuals are updated several times per year and we also issue product critical notifications of changes on a regular
43. ly scan ning of a field of view for ascertaining energy levels in such field 10 20 2 prism has in our invention an even number of sides and is rotated about an axis 2 as indicated by the arrow in FIG 4 that is perpendicular to the paper in FIG 1 The said collecting optics has an optical axis 4 that in tersects said rotating axis 2 and is perpendicular thereto The image surface 5 generated by said collecting optical System is situated inside said prism Just outside the Circle 3 generated by said rotating prism and on the optical axis 4 a scanning aperture 6 is located through Which a radiation passes to the radiation energy respon sive element 12 such as a photocell bolometer or the like depending upon the energy spectrum of interest When said prism rotates the scanning aperture 6 scans a line on said image surface 5 and when a corner of said prism passes the scanning aperture 6 there is a substan tially instantaneous return of the scan In FIGS 1 and 4 there is shown an incoming ray of radiation having a maximum deviation from the di rection of the optical axis In FIG 1 designates the angle of rotation of the prism and x y and z are the Sweden a Swedish Company do hereby de through the prism can pass and a radiation 45 It is a further object of the invention to provide means axes of a coordinate system x being along the optical axis clare the invention for which we pray that a responsive element behin
44. mpting to confirm his work used various types of glass indiscriminately having different transparencies in the infrared Through his later experiments Herschel was aware of the limited transparency of glass to the newly discovered thermal radiation and he was forced to conclude that optics for the infrared would probably be doomed to the use of reflective elements exclusively i e plane and curved mirrors Fortunately this proved to be true only until 1830 when the Italian investigator Melloni made his great discovery that naturally occurring rock salt NaCl which was available in large enough natural crystals to be made into lenses and prisms is remarkably transparent to the infrared The result was that rock salt became the principal infrared optical material and remained so for the next hundred years until the art of synthetic crystal growing was mastered in the 1930 s Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 25 13 History of infrared technology 10399103 a1 Figure 13 3 Macedonio Melloni 1798 1854 Thermometers as radiation detectors remained unchallenged until 1829 the year Nobili invented the thermocouple Herschel s own thermometer could be read to 0 2 C 0 036 F and later models were able to be read to 0 05 C 0 09 F Then a breakthrough occurred Melloni connected a number of thermocouples in series to form the first thermopile The new device was at least 40 times as sensitive
45. ms to the original purchaser carry the warranty if any of the particular supplier only FLIR Systems has no responsibility whatsoever for such products The warranty extends only to the original purchaser and is not transferable It is not applicable to any product which has been subjected to misuse neglect accident or abnormal conditions of operation Expendable parts are excluded from the warranty In the case of a defect in a product covered by this warranty the product must not be further used in order to prevent additional damage The purchaser shall promptly report any defect to FLIR Systems or this warranty will not apply FLIR Systems will at its option repair or replace any such defective product free of charge if upon inspection it proves to be defective in material or workmanship and provided that it is returned to FLIR Systems within the said one year period FLIR Systems has no other obligation or liability for defects than those set forth above No other warranty is expressed or implied FLIR Systems specifically disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose FLIR Systems shall not be liable for any direct indirect special incidental or consequential loss or damage whether based on contract tort or any other legal theory This warranty shall be governed by Swedish law Any dispute controversy or claim arising out of or in connection with this warranty shall be finally settle
46. n characterized as an arrangement for scanning a field achieve very high resolution in the optical scanning time is a relatively small value being focused on a radiation responsive ele 70 of view where the incoming radiation is focused on a lt is preferable if the refractive index of said prism 30 According to the present invention there is ment which may be of a kind well known in radiation energy responsive element 1 3 has a value between 3 and 6 for the wave lengths used provided a scanning mechanism for receiving the art and as such is not shown in the The main difficulty of scanning a field of view in a 50 Said index of refraction having a value of about 4 is rh ctromagnetic radiation within the optical drawings short time is of mechanical nature Qur invention uses specially advantageous both for yielding a linear scan 5 3 es 4 i a a rotating refractive prism for scanning in one direction and for allowing a relatively plane image surface This infra red or ultra violet regions of the electro Hitherto the main difficulty in achieving Scanning in a direction essentially perpendicular to said is pointed out in FIG 2 and FIG 3 As is also sh magnetic spectrum which includes a refracting high scannin eeds has been of a mech 75 section i Nit avationea dicho in F sip inde aconvofeuld aris toon 4 n g hig g Spi een oi direction is slower than in the first mentioned direction in FIG 2 a larger index of refraction of said prism gives 35 prism ada
47. on Refl Reflected radiation Atm atmosphere radiation Fixed parameters T 0 88 Te 20 C 68 F Tatm 20 C 68 F 42 Publ No 1559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 15 The measurement formula 10400703 a2 1 0 C 32 F 20 C 68 F 50 C 122 F d D D 2299 Figure 15 4 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions LW camera 1 Object temperature 2 Emittance Obj Object radiation Refl Reflected radiation Atm atmosphere radiation Fixed parameters T 0 88 Te 20 C 68 F Tatm 20 C 68 F Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 43 A note on the technical production of this publication This publication was produced using XML the eXtensible Markup Language For more information about XML please visit http www w3 org XML A note on the typeface used in this publication This publication was typeset using Swiss 721 which is Bitstream s pan European version of the Helvetica typeface Helvetica was designed by Max Miedinger 1910 1980 List of effective files 20235203 xml a21 20236703 xml a57 20238503 xml a9 20238703 xml b8 20250403 xml a21 20254903 xml a75a4 20257003 xml a40 20257103 xml a17 20257303 xml a35 20286803 xml a10 20287303 xml a9 20292403 xml a5 20300503 xml a1 20300603 xml a1 20300703 xml a2 20300803 xml a2 20300903 xml a1 20301003 xml a2 R138 rcp a1 config xml a5 44
48. pted to be rotated about its longi anical nature The present invention uses a and is accomplished by other means as by a nodding mir 55 a greater length of scan tudinal axis the end faces of the prism being rotating refractive prism for fast scanning in ror in the collecting optics Said slower scanning can The material of said prism must in our invention be polygons each of which polygon has an even one direction scanning perpendicular to this also be accomplished by tilting the rotating axis of said transparent for radiation in the energy spectrum of in number of sides of which opposite sides are direction is slower and can be accomplished prism The resulting scanning pattern is like the pattern terest and it is preferable if the sides of said prism are parallel a collecting refractive system having by other means for example as by an oscil 80 of common television coated with suitable material in order to reduce reflec 40 an image surface within the prism the axis of lating mirror in the collecting optics This 60 tions which system intersects the longitudinal axis of the prism an aperture situated substanti Pre slower scanning can also be accomplished by tilting the rotating axis of the prism This Said prism can be rotated very rapidly according to our invention and several thousands of scans per second can be accomplished In this way our invention allows com plete scanning of said field of view many times per second exceedin
49. red camera with lens Downloads brochure Focus adjustment tool Printed Getting Started Guide Printed Important Information Guide Service amp training brochure User documentation CD ROM Registration card NOTE FLIR Systems reserves the right to discontinue models parts or accessories and other items or to change specifications at any time without prior notice 6 2 Accessories 1127605 Cable M12 Pigtail m 1127606 Cable M12 Sync 2 1198348 Cable kit Mains UK EU US 1198349 Base support 1198342 Focus adjustment tool m 1911112 PoE injector 1951004 Ethernet cable CAT 6 2 m 6 6 ft NOTE FLIR Systems reserves the right to discontinue models parts or accessories and other items or to change specifications at any time without prior notice Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 9 7 Mechanical installation The camera unit has been designed to allow it to be mounted in any position It has a mounting interface on the bottom side with 4 metric M3 holes Note The camera generates a considerable amount of heat during operation This is normal In order to transfer this heat it is recommended that the camera is mounted on a base support or a heat sink made of a material that has a high capacity to transfer heat e g aluminum FLIR Systems provides P N 7198349 Base support for this purpose but other base supports or heat sinks can be used If the camera un
50. sessssssssssseseeeeeeeeeee nnne 36 The measurement Tormula deserti aka dnte Vetere eatem epe ke decia eae 38 Publ No T559770 Rev 8598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 V Vi Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 WARNING Warnings amp Cautions Applies only to Class A digital devices This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause interference to radio communications It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial environment Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct the interference Applies only to Class B digital devices This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications
51. tems FSI and Inframetrics and the French company Cedip In November 2007 Extech Instruments was acquired by FLIR Systems T638608 a1 PATENT SPECIFICATION DRAWINGS ATTACHED Inventors PER JOHAN LINDBERG and HANS GUNNER MALMBERG 3 253 498 Patented May 31 1966 United States Patent Office 1 057 624 No 45167 63 Index at acceptance H4 F6H Int CL H 04 n 3 06 1057 624 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Nov 15 1963 Complete Specification Published Feb 1 1967 Crown Copyright 1967 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Scanning Mechanism We AGA AKTIEBOLAG formerly Svenska Aktiebolaget Gasaccumulator of Liding ally on the axis of the collecting refractive system through which radiation passing 1 3 253 49 SCANNING MECHANISM FOR ELECTRO MAGNETIC RADIATION Per Johan Lindberg Stockholm and Hans Gunnar Malm berg Solna Sweden assignors to AGA Aktiebolaget a corporation of Sweden Filed May 14 1962 Ser No 194 622 Claims priority application Sweden May 19 1961 6 2 2 Claims Cl 88 1 This invention relates to an improved optical scanning mechanism for receiving electromagnetic radiation and to radiation responsive means utilizing such optical scan ning It is an object of the invention to provide improved op tical scanning means of the character indicated It is another object of the invention to provide im proved means for continuously and automatical
52. the lens one time only and discard the cotton wool Make sure that you read all applicable MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets and warning labels on containers before you use a liquid the liquids can be dangerous Be careful when you clean the infrared lens The lens has a delicate anti reflective coating Do not clean the infrared lens too vigorously This can damage the anti reflective coating Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 13 9 Cleaning the camera 9 3 General NOTE CAUTION Procedure 14 Infrared detector Even small amounts of dust on the infrared detector can result in major blemishes in the image To remove any dust from the detector follow the procedure below This section only applies to cameras where removing the lens exposes the infrared detector In some cases the dust cannot be removed by following this procedure the infrared detector must be cleaned mechanically This mechanical cleaning must be carried out by an authorized service partner In Step 2 below do not use pressurized air from pneumatic air circuits in a workshop etc as this air usually contains oil mist to lubricate pneumatic tools Follow this procedure Remove the lens from the camera Use pressurized air from a compressed air canister to blow off the dust Publ No 1559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 10 Technical data For technical data for th
53. tirely unexpected since the Italian researcher Landriani in a similar experiment in 1777 had observed much the same effect It was Herschel 24 Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 13 History of infrared technology however who was the first to recognize that there must be a point where the heating effect reaches a maximum and that measurements confined to the visible portion of the spectrum failed to locate this point 10398903 a1 Figure 13 2 Marsilio Landriani 1746 1815 Moving the thermometer into the dark region beyond the red end of the spectrum Herschel confirmed that the heating continued to increase The maximum point when he found it lay well beyond the red end in what is known today as the infrared wavelengths When Herschel revealed his discovery he referred to this new portion of the electro magnetic spectrum as the thermometrical spectrum The radiation itself he sometimes referred to as dark heat or simply the invisible rays lronically and contrary to popular opinion it wasn t Herschel who originated the term infrared The word only began to appear in print around 75 years later and it is still unclear who should receive credit as the originator Herschel s use of glass in the prism of his original experiment led to some early controversies with his contemporaries about the actual existence of the infrared wavelengths Different investigators in atte
54. uoc eo Ruin v EDAD KI HFODATEH DK Xv EDHIATE FRENTE IEEE EE SMIAI FK byg UA 20 12 1 More than just an infrared camera ssssssssssssseeeeenneennennnnnnnnnnnnn nnn 21 12 2 Sharing orihowledge 5 toot ie vea et rod ME TAde b voa AY MAI SEU SM eat do pereo evadat eet 22 123 SUDPOMING our slotieES niesdce tesi FREe Ev ke ent veda tes dad ensddeduavedoniastetdeluavubanidevetandeaved 22 12 4 A few images from our facilities eee c cece cece eee e eee e eter eee e eee e eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 22 History of infrared technology cccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeaeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeessaaaaaaneneeeees 24 Theory of thermogtapliy 2368 ets cviss casa Edu rir ari Eme tia s e rote Ceca t ntu bin eee dena dn rex Ra de Emu bases 28 14 1 Introduction WERE E TELE 28 T42 The electromagnetic spectrum s siis RE Ee ra fre E Er aer dria ind 28 T4 3 Blackbody TACIAUOM xoi itit mentir hot perit mentia that ordi menia haue exis ester those perii mentir toad ori pas ios Eai 29 ow MES lae 6 cR EDT DILE 30 14 9 2 Wien s displacement IAW rennen Ea rh Rex Ets x ames edis e ore Rear s Ree uds 31 14 3 3 Stefan Boltzmann s IW cocos ico adie Eco coSae toes ex Ue Eco cuGas Eoo rU e Eco caos eov t oue EC eee bos eve cde tenets 33 14 3 4 NonsblackDody GETlWelS ucadeo iuc eoo cado Ee eoo ep cade Ep Eoo eo cte E eto et me toda 34 14 4 Infrared semi transparent materials sse
55. wn to the operator Thus even if the object happened to be a blackbody i e Uop Utot we are actually performing extrapolation of the calibration curve when converting 4 5 volts into tem perature Let us now assume that the object is not black it has an emittance of 0 75 and the transmittance is 0 92 We also assume that the two second terms of Equation 4 amount to 0 5 volts together Computation of Usp by means of Equation 4 then results in Uoy 4 5 0 75 0 92 0 5 6 0 This is a rather extreme extrapolation particularly when considering that the video amplifier might limit the output to 5 volts Note though that the application of the calibration curve is a theoretical procedure where no elec tronic or other limitations exist We trust that if there had been no signal limitations in the camera and if it had been calibrated far beyond 5 volts the resulting curve would have been very much the same as our real curve extrapolated beyond 4 1 volts pro vided the calibration algorithm is based on radiation physics like the FLIR Systems algorithm Of course there must be a limit to such extrapolations Publ No T559770 Rev a598 ENGLISH EN April 2 2012 41 15 The measurement formula 10400603 a2 1 0 C 32 F 20 C 68 F 50 C 122 F Da Atm P Figure 15 3 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions SW camera 1 Object temperature 2 Emittance Obj Object radiati
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