Gary Perlman 81 12 28 018
Contents
1. T Simplicity and Consistency n Providing Feedback and Prompt The Problem of Modes Menu Selection Errors CONCLUSION PP 13 REFERENCES Ade RET a ER ALONE ve etin eR dle dva LC ee eeu ee dede susie cause eR ere a tla qb ed cde n ai 14 j DOT tem memmen eim psi M Utm eT m ae Eg E PEDES OM rm FIGURE 1 Working Environment for Writing FIGURE 2 A Page of a FILE Menu FIGURE 3 Workbenches Selected by Typing pev 1 enne neetntete tte tineis tentiae tete tn idiot easet teh tes 3 BP Copyright 1981 Gary Perlman Thursday November 19 MERTEN ST FRET IC Rs Tt e Eta SE RET TIT NF TUI TEPE STERNEN T UTPUTFFUNPUMEUPENT CFTE NEN m E em CST APEE Y PPRITTTUIIU n 27mm capped rapinis c eene DI vaa ca mcer papa p PUER TUTTI pm lt de Gary Perlman 6 MENUNIX User Manual Getting Documentation By typing the Execution Documentation character you change perspectives on the PROGRAM MENU Ordinarily selecting a program causes its execution but by typing a you switch into a mode in which the next PROGRAM MENU program you select will cause MENUNIX to look for documentation on that program even if it is a MENUNIX CONTROL command Once you get documentation on a program MENUNIX automatically puts you back in the execution perspective The is really a toggle for changing perspectives so if you go into the documentation perspec2. bs Bernard Blaland UDRI Masy onasi Sab Concer ban blego CA YIS a De Worth beantan Perels Btecctor Ca fval rein a JL 5308 Br Baa Bastler SY Tah Syntes ing Teat Dinatorote seat Center 1vev Mb due76 o6 Sani st Chief ot Moval Dperattons Washington Mm Jupo Amatyet 6 Evaiustian Creep yal Malt Chal fuel Br Bobert 0 arey tst ath fnetttete for the ol asd social Sciences Rbernnomer Aves athe V i2 aetitute Aves 21193 destilete fot the l ant ectel Pciencet suni Freenne Avenue WA Q1 Ale Ferte Lob Abe Ponce Oblfico at ereritge de Lie Scrences Directorate Wi llima ate Parc Rage Alaa W 20902 Ait Unlverelly Ltbroey AULILSE ersat Morwell A AL teilg bi Math Alivtet a AFABL AFEC APR DA ADS Dt Genevievo Haddad Fevarce Manager Life Vetemees Directorate FII Botting ara DC 15012 Davia B nuote L NDAR ara fao Al Apes iat Aesiatam fnr Mariae terra matters Code wiw atl ice of Naval deetareh aoc he Quiney M aelteaton Ha HII Dr a k lofisehy Xevent ifie Adr Code 99 1 WQ US Marine Cores Wavhingian DC 26080 eaerquerd chlor Pepehoiogicolt ten V S Coaet Guard G P 172 T Washington DE 206 ami vier def dete Techmiral jefertalica Coster star Bide Aleeot cio m aten d for tastatag and s
3. Gary Perlman 7 MENUNIX User Manual Mistakes In cursor mode typing an x removes the character under the cursor A zero 0 deletes the contents of the editor from the cursor to the end of the line A capital X clears the whole line and automatically puts you into append mode Any mistake you have just made can be undone by pressing u which gives you back your edit line as it was before the last change If you have really messed things up you can type U which gives you the line you began editing which is unfortunately often nothing Stopping line edit A RETURN will always send what you have typed to MENUNIX regardless of mode In cursor mode a q can also be used to quit editing If you do not want MENUNIX to icok at what you have typed say to abort a command you can type Q Also if you are really desperate you can type BREAK and MENUNIX will ask you if you want to quit MENUNIX completely Summary of Line Edit Commands append text after the cursor append text after the end of the line back up one word move the cursor back one character move the cursor to the beginning of the line L h go back one character and delete if adding tex move the cursor forward one character move the cursor to the end of the line leave Line Edit and pass back contents leave Line Edit and stop command undo the last change undo all changes forward one word delete the character below the cursor delete the contents of the editor and insert delete fro
4. i te Pat Cerpi er Depi of Paychalegy br Jom B Carrel Peychamotric Lab ef Me Caroli Dovie Wall vite we 2794 c Papel MILL f wiiiiam Asaz Dert af Prychaloge t ate Wicdeliae leesaing Be 939 o Ware B wititoe C A of ca che b Contor rre eraran fa 1921 lancoy Coe pe Vaiveretty vios M Calltas ek Mews 90 Moulton street savr ae OD Dr Lymm Cooper tbc v Prccomargh PA ISH11 De ne P Chavf pie Mejlon Uaiveratry ras FA ISRO Mellon Vajveraity maosi D ty of Pittabutgh fetowes Ines vettity of Pittsburgh Mariean Peytholegice deaociotion 100 17am Or kenneth B Cr t bare ate et Woe OC 10004 a tA 91 Bynes univers nm or ity u Cot J C wa PBirecsotdte 5 Gep Rad 01 Brbeasell Beug e Obon Mb t Lewis ND Betemre WG an elise Mt Wasinta Foct tee are Ber SU Mowlten at Coast Aavence e Hh have 4 utte 00 srarrh ona Fieis 1 Applied Resear ten utit Co Moonen lac 2510 bast west Nighvar jaa Wo Weviten piresi t fac M eli li Ber heb b Newpan t Albe Einesten diterts Casas Tee 209 Raverd Cot Feyehet Mity af C
5. m REPORT NO 8105 NOVEMBER 1981 Gary Periman AN TWO PAPERS IN COGNITIVE ENGINEERING THE DESIGN OF AN INTERFACE TO A PROGRAMMING SYSTEM AND MENUNIX A MENU BASED INTERFACE TO UNIX USER MANUAL i CENTER FOR HUMAN INFORMATION PROCES LA JOLLA CALIFORNIA 92093 i The research reported here was conducted under Contract N00014 79 7 0323 NR 157 437 with the Personnel and Training Resear Programs of the Office of Naval Research and was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research and the Air Force Office of Scientifi Research The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author and should not be interpreted as nece representing the official policies either expressed or implied of the sponsoring agencies Approved for pubiic release distributia unlimited Reproductiun in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the Uni ed States Government 81 12 28 018 f H H t cM M m mates RE X sis zi PE ER M s Ct bi B RII MB ae S tata d AAR Ke tna aa me EAE menn er ee lE ee O m e ach Seamer as E ll ii lint ilo UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE When Data Entered REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE EN icr ering CORE a R 2 GOVT ACCESSION NO 3 RECIPIENT S CATALOG NUMBER 4 3 TYPE OF REPORT PERIODO COVERED Techn cal Report 6 PERFORMING ORG REPORT NUMBER 8 CONTRACT
6. OR GRANT NUMBER 4 TITLE and Subtitle Two Papers in Cognitive Engineering The Design of an Interface to a Programming System m enu A Menu Based Interface To Unix 7 AU THOR o conie iin 2 cni i riis 2s dai ETHPNO 8N00014 79 C 0323 Gary Perlman PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADORESS Center for Human Information Processing University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME ANO ADORESS Personnel and Training Research Programs Office of Naval Research Code 458 Arlington Virginia 22217 MONITORING AGENCY NAMC ADORESS II different from Controlling Office a a Fadala Doin aes Met aim REPORT DATE November 1981 1 SECURITY CLASS of thie repart Unclassified e rim ASSIFICATION DOWNGRADING H DULE WIPE 16 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT of thia Report Approved for public release distribution unlimited 17 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT of the ebetract entered in Block 20 If different trem Ropert e 1 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ee a ee cn asa Za gt Continue on reverse aide if necessary and identify by block number 19 KEY WORDS Cognitive engineering Human factors Command line interpreters Human machine interface design Computer programming systems Software Psychology Documentation retrieval 20 ABSTRACT Continue on reverse aide if neceseaty and
7. programs for novices increasing the speed of command i construction for experts and decreasing the probability and impact of errors Psychological theory and data are referred to in TROU UU TU APR mE pn mer sme Support of design decisions CONTENTS THE DESIGN OF AN INTERFACE TO A PROGRAMMING SYSTEM 1 0 1 1 eene ttnteentttente tene ttntnntn i MENUNIX A Short Introduction cccccsssssssssssssssecsessecsassssncsaseasecucsssensessecsecsasessssusavesaseateaussssequenasasensueanueanennsenes 2 The FILE Menu The PROGRAM Menu The CONI ROL Menu PROVIDING ACCESS ern rette geek utique Ue aeu RR ERU Ug UU cel eve La deceat s al ANAL RANGE CREER eae Ue Displaying Options in Menus Aids Memory P Hierarchical Structuring Facilitates Discovery Providing Documentation ccscssssssssssesesusseesesecsstesesssssnessnteausnssessssess sasesecseessensessatusaeneseescsuessonsenes INCREASING THROUGHPUT seen erntttneenentetntnnens cesseneeneegesssussesecsesessesecsaaeasaneneesenssseess Fixed Location Tabular Formats Speed Menu Search Option Selection Schemes BRETT Hierarchical Structuring j Variables and Macros JM 10 i Entering and Editing Information s 10 E Focusing Attention with Workbenches and Directories eese neeetheetetet ttn ie etnies tnis ntt tet Reducing Wasted Commands by Providing Feedback REDUCING ERRORS
8. whole line rather than just a character An L moves yo to the far right of the line an H to the far left You can move forward or backward a word at a time with w or b respectively Adding new text To append text after the cursor type a and to append text after the end of the line type A To insert text before the cursor type i and to insert text before the beginning of the line type I Minor mistakes can be corrected by backspacing Once in an adding text mode you can return to cursor mode by typing the key labeled ESC for escape Alternatively you can type RETURN and MENUNIX will immediately read what you have typed File selection mode In an adding text mode you can go into a file selection mode in which the names of files are added to your edit line as you type the selector numbers beside their names File selection mode is entered by typing the file selection character the underscore In this mode every time you type the number beside a file name that file name is added to your edit line To stop this mode you can repress the underscore which will return you to the editor in an adding text mode or press RETURN to send your edit line to MENUNIX Meo rM RM tg aage 4 Ue M77 A Ma as pares PU cis Chin sima de E et ee ee 5000 a ee T Raia 2a aac csi cda C aM s Nem REP LOEO VEN WI Ee n OEE POREO NE P E IEEE AEE T at oabl atram eram wn HA tits has ur 4 sprit oon M o mA ne m
9. ONTROL The definition for menu CONTROL is just like any other workbench but the commands in CONTROL are available at all parts of the PROGRAM MENU This is because MENUNIX searches menus in a specific order for the selector character typed First MENUNIX sees if the user has typed any of the numbers 1 9 used to access file entries Then MENUNIX checks CONTROL and finally the current workbench This means that the numbers 1 9 are permanently reserved and that any characters in CONTROL should be carefully selected because they will not be available for any other menus The programs that are used in CONTROL should also be carefully selected because only fifteen entries are allowed The entries should be reserved especially for the commands MENUNIX uses to control the display called internal commands whose names are preceded by a minus The internal commands available are listed below After the letter is its default selector character in parentheses In menu CONTROL the selectors for these internal commands are defined so if you don t like using a selector you can choose your own i 4 E 3 j 1 E 3 1 1 3 i d 4 othe adalat Lh iit tee ote MENUNIX Internal Commands u changes the workbench to UNIX a changes the workbench to UNIX and returns f f amp flips the PROGRAM MENU display to CONTROL i i p changes the workbench to the parent menu 0 0 changes the working directory to the parent d
10. cifies the name of the field and VALUE specifies its value For example the UNIX workbench has the definition display UNIX selector menu UNIX This definition says that UNIX should be displayed on the right of the selector character and that its selection will cause the display of a menu whose definition is in the directory menu in a file called UNIX An example of a program entry is that for the copy command disp Copy files sel c prog cp args files destination which says that Copy files should be displayed on the right of the selector character c and that its selection will cause the execution of the UNIX cp command c Copy files cp Since there is an argument field MENUNIX knows to append it to the call to cp Anything in the argument field is interpolated and copied unless there is a part of the field enclosed in curly braces MENUNIX uses the convention that anything in curly braces is to be used as a prompt to get a response from the user For each of the braced parts of the argument VALUE field MENUNIX presents that part to the user and replaces it with the interpolated response typed in As a summary each line of a workbench file defines a workbench entry that is either for another workbench defined in an other file or a program that may have arguments that the user may have to supply Each entry is divided into NAME VALUE fields The names of these fields that may be abbreviated to just one chara
11. cter are listed below along with a description of their uses display Defines what is displayed selector Defines the character to be used to select the entry menu Defines that the entry is that of a workbench menu the VALUE field holds the name of the file in menu that contains the definition of the menu program Defines the name of the UNIX program to be executed when the entry is selected If the entry is for a workbench this field is ignored arguments Supplies information to be appended to a UNIX command defined by the program field This information can be regular text including variables which is interpolated and appended or it can be enclosed in curly braces which is replaced by the interpolated response obtained from the user after presenting the braced pattern waitoff Tells MENUNIX to clear the screen and redisplay without user permission after a UNIX program has been executed Without this field MENUNIX asks permission with a prompt The waitoff field has no value qa d Tote o eee eim Y n EI En Ra a Ree a SEU Ue d SECTEUR 3 7 a reae cios ecce bab Ede LEM a e P ame 1 Xue ale ma acm ALERT E UT EEEE E POEET OPE naka rte asco n Reid m aas metal LL Gary Perlman 9 MENUNIX User Manual Defining the CONTROL Workbench The UNIX workbench is defined by a special file in the menu directory menu UNIX Another special file used to define the CONTROL workbench is menu C
12. eatures of the program are more fully explained TUM SM nme emen ete P mm nmn op m x TN sperms one eye Rcce Wrie o n we 3 i MR pint gt J NN rU t pist Y LE 1 PL d n UNCLASSIFIED a SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE When Data Entered HEN MUSCLE Lu M IE Te AMEN cg E j PA E DA MN ee nim inc CLE eR tee re a o eam reris diei on Dd uh cie oni dio Coni S a a cdit dc dile ko E e PELT Are A OEN i mn ese iiia Temm enn a aai Daai a badai iraia i Tuesday November 17 TWO PAPERS IN COGNITIVE ENGINEERING THE DESIGN OF AN INTERFACE TO A PROGRAMMING SYSTEM AND MENUNIX A MENU BASED INTERFACE TO UNIX USER MANUAL Gary Perlman Cognitive Science Laboratory Department of Psychology University of California San Diego ABSTRACT This report consists of two papers on MENUNIX an experimenta interface to the programs and files on the UNIX operating system In the first paper I discuss how the decisions about the design of MENUNIX were made based on my intuitions and user cr nments but also on psvchological theory and data whenever available MENUNIX presents both the programs and files of UNIX in in two menus from which users can make selections with single keypresses The FILE menu presents the UNIX file hierarchy that allows users to organize files into directories by subject e g writing and programming The PROGRAM menu presents UNIX programs in a hierarchy organized into w
13. f Paprhelogr Valveraity of Gt Bwgemo OR 87403 M Reosey Klo senses Malibu Ca 0768 wa Biter Aestican Imeti 1095 Themes Jafivr Wethingtan BC 20007 Dr benat Zi Roth Bell Laperstertes 400 Pusntata Aves Murray Miti W OI Walter Sckasider feythelogy ity ef dilisete Atea WL biao Js sedet b Techholegy Gra 30 9 vaok Alekende la on ft uma Cesalt ioo cit v Lannie Ifa beleare NNET a Ane tm Schenley Park Pittsburgh Pa 41530 Las ad bela Dre Ware Solin 21 1 Beranek Novese iuc 30 Mewlton t Cambridge HA QIIM Ore F ichar d Snow wept of Peyeholegr Yale Universtiy a Btati s 09510 j 4 P 4 1 1 i 4 vid Us bese eltime Cer TAO Old Cpt laghars va 22402 TT ix wtattas d reh Vayaratety Vatveratty at Uiiihere vr Ik argot fa TMe ity ef 1700 mata M basto Renice Ch buede tr Bohavieral Cochnel LAAS b kiena Af Redondo Beach ES EET Vaivetulig Te eam FUURE CUENTE SNO ET 1700 Beto Vt fea GA voava f whitely votett af calileteta angolos CA YOZA E
14. icer t Sectelasy af betent nanpa 1800 Witenes Bled Arlington VA 22209 Dn tr G th ies P Setence Feundalicn Weehington DU 20550 Mateacal dontitete af Education 1208 0848 Street be Waemington DE In2uB Melaerim th amd M vitoty Nefeicen eii Ln Alesandrla V llle Ur Jet mh Le Yeuna Memory tagn veal telem e hiagtan M ana toxi Ut inha B and Bept af Pagcholegy regie Mellon Univ Plereburgh FA USTED c 74 Chel rea a Be Carty Brive it ay t Bept e Poychology Unive Warten Coventry CYA PAL Dert 1433 t tagl Coophel Canterce ect icol P tire Aves e solio AM Ottie eh Vert ottico 1400 Averralts ter sity ef sity wy Mever p fer Teu Cowneil applied faychelody Volt 19 Choveer Ba Combridge CM JUF ou Valset t T tet y of t University 4 C 94 0 5 jackson Beatty Psychol Celite Aegeles CA 90024 Listeen ft igntioto Office ef Naval fetos bes t T Joha 3 Previ Ot Palo Allo Be amp eorch Cei Of ice Leadon 99 PPU Bes York ne Dayche CO bore 3 Coyote Baad Pale Alte cA Sejuk bre e Wuchenen at of Computer ictonce 4 Catvoretty a Ca 44103 detente teh n a C Victor Busdecaon Mar me Urtvesalty Piana Bette 16 140 e Siete 9t vt wo
15. identity by block numbe ee roe re laminan a a OVER ee eT TT men ARE as DD OMM 14734 EDITION OF Nov 68 iS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED JAN 73 S N 0102 L F 014 6601 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE When Data Entered TT RTT emm oe reae E UNCLASSIFIED ee cu MCN A SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE When Data Entered ABSTRACT r This report consists of two papers on MENUNIX an experimental interface to the programs and files on the UNIX operating system In the first paper I discuss how the decisions about the design of MENUNIX were made based on my intuitions and user comments but also on psychological theory and data whenever available MENUNIX presents both the programs and files of UNIX in iff two menus from which users can make selections with single keypresses The FILE menu presents the UNIX file hierarchy that allows users to organize files into directories by subject e g writing and programming The PROGRAM menu presents UNIX programs in a hierarchy organized into workbenches according to the tasks for which they are used e g writing and programming much as files can be organized in directories Special facilities are provided for finding out about useful commands using variables to set options to save commands and to avoid typing long strings and for editing strings including recent commands The second paper is a tutorial user manual for MENUNIX in which the f
16. irectory E i c changes directory displays the next directory page C displays the previous directory page i 40 changes to and from the documentation perspective i s runs a command typed in the line editor 1 v sets a variable to a value j i prints the value of a string or prints alf variable values T CTRL r redisplays the screen Making Your Own Menu System impe MAC ees Changing menu makes it possible to customize the PROGRAM MENU hierarchy to your 1 liking when you fire up MENUNIX you can add an argument to the program call that sets menu j This must be the complete pathname o the directory with the files defining the PROGRAM MENU 1 hierarchy To make your own PROGRAM MENU hierarchy you would create a directory with the files UNIX and CONTROL which refer to other files containing workbenches in the directory you i supplied to the call to MENUNIX A good way to begin is to copy all the files from the standard i menu to your preferred menu and then make modifications j ER la alll lhe lila gren ellie RE n PIPER HI i n s pnm nn ape antc sn Av DI ES M ee 1 Los Sh Gee cake ey pecans een ipic pe REMIS I ES ET L a ae o dai a Mm 474 ama a rum eta Ea pre SEAT ISO corre ITT v mo oes E E F E gt Aldak Bitear wai Biedyastics Leberaturv a ro Piping Trai
17. m the cursor to the end of the line move the cursor forward one character move the cursor back one character enter or leave file selection mods d ignore the special meaning of the next character stop adding text 1 i 1 to 0x ccoo USER B re oe M aait al a DA rape Mp cwm Mie sn ERE OTS ol TEE Ee mam Er Tey E amp E BN o P mM EE CE EDU RETE TE EP QNM x a z n E ES LL NR s cde Ami Coat ai se RR aia Eee ey Uer si ioe ee doge Gary Perlman 8 E To IW PERCOM Rec ewe e cs i F f MENUNIX User Manual The Menu Definition Language Just as you have control over the files in your file system you can change the structure of the PROGRAM MENU hierarchy A predefined variable in MENUNIX is menu that holds the name of the directory holding files that define the PROGRAM MENU hierarchy that contains two special files UNIX which defines the UNIX workbench and all subsidiary workbenches and CONTROL defines the CONTROL workbench of commands available at all parts of MENUNIX In menu is a file called UNIX that has lines that define 1 The name of each entry in the UNIX workbench 2 The one character selector for that entry 3 The type of the entry whether the entry is that of a workbench or a program For program entries arguments may be supplied Each part of a workbench entry is defined by a bracketed field of the form NAME VALUE where NAME spe
18. ning Division Williema Aft AR 85724 Con mi Otftce ot Wan reh ni co A0 Center ca 91137 ta ejes Borel Techotea Trabal att souphie 75 Milltegtes TB 1094 Or vtilies Li Walor sacibel Civiliaa Mvi W vc ties end Troia al Traisieg Commend Code OOA esta PL 32528 e fee Capt Sic ard L Martin VSU Prospecti in Otticer UAS Carl viv 70 pori Bewe BAipbulidieg sad Bey ort Cr et Beve YA 29007 Or Gootqo Moeller val Svbmartae Grutas CH CH HAC Dr Villes Nestsgut ding of j Aephibiest riool eca Wss 9ttice Code 20 gp Conor Ca in yr l Bab Center Liege CA 92197 ottie arch be story Vashington DE 2990 Peyehni Branch Ort ice die Sertlen D Bumeer Broor a olli Altice of Kavat D aye B hany Movel Ptiinaiun YA HT itise nf Kavat ravers fede aA Lov wa mineg Steet Arlington va 22207 Pergennrl amp Training Reseateh Pre tinge AMD witice at M search Arlington YA 2H Payi Pol ogiat ONL Branch Ilice quie daet Cesena tte Pasadena tA Sel iser ot tne Chiel ot Betearch Development amp Studies EL Waehingtnn b EDI vas cPn bs tarih Deve dept arch tab kr fram C Patho M Selestina and Traturta on Fert ance tum beemepace meditoi E maaseda PL Jn Pred uer we tads LAI MANAL Panaaroia PL 32506
19. orkbenches according to the tasks for which they are used e g writing and programming much as files can be organized in directories Special facilities are provided for finding out about useful commands using variables to set options to save commands and to avoid typing long strings and for editing strings including recent commands The second paper is a tutorial user manual for MENUNIX in which the features of the program are more fully explained Approved for public release distribution unlimited Copyright C 1981 Gary Perlman pe Ge RU a ler meer THE DESIGN OF AN INTERFACE TO A PROGRAMMING SYSTEM Gary Perlman UTITUR mere men Cognitive Science Laboratory Department of Psychology University of California San Diego ABSTRACT In this paper I discuss the design decisions made in programming MENUNIX an experimental interface to the files and hundreds of programs of the UNIX operating system Both programs and files are presented on the terminal screen in fixed location menus from which users can make selections with single character selectors displayed beside menu entries MENUNIX organizes UNIX programs into a hierarchy in which related programs are grouped together into task oriented workbenches much like the way UNIX allows files to be grouped into directories first give a brief introduction to MENUNIX and then discuss how 1 MENUNIX tries to be friendly to users by increasing the accessibility of
20. ost aageles CA SOOT4 Buberi Claser ny staberah fare di vae PA Dand Ar Hetvin B Cloch di Beene Bell wi at Gephe Masogenent LH The 1200 Mote S Sante Nesico stick Maye Co 100 Rete ftreet Banta Menire CA WOR br 3 a wottman theology Unteeratey of Dua Wewirh OF 09241 br tari mune ef Payche ty ef V wa wol 1 Bb Center C vil V e Uept of arched Univeretty of Orepen ty on 97403 Davia Mier te ef Faychel Unsveredry ef Arterna Yeecen AL 6SN br Walter Kimterh Dept at Pevcheiegy University of Celera fewlder CO 80902 Or Kenneth A Kideington vregren Ott icec Allred Shoan Feuh at vn du Mi ah Aves Mew Tert NT Ivin Qc Marcy Lasanen Dept of Parzhology 1423 Vntvetutty of Washington Weett WA Sse br 261 Larkin ef Paychetopy e Mellon Uatverasty P cttbergh PA isi D Aton Le ratag A a D Cento Vnivttolty of Pitt Pittsburgh Pa 15780 Miller wt Beyonce Lebosatory Cio 2825 Minterplece Cirele 1a 7307 Behavioral 1845 Riene Ave De Sepmour Neesachusotto In Artificial letelit AS Tech 1r ture ot Tochtaiopy te bab a sA 93108 tewlia fee ce Ider CO 90909 dr Peter Falaon br Steven Ee Peltteck Dept of Pere halejy Vafverelty af Bea o 918 perteni e
21. tive and you want out another changes you back Entering Information MENUNIX s One Line Editor Many commands require you to supply information such as the names of file arguments or option setting flags To do this MENUNIX has you enter information in a one line editor called Line edit located at the bottom of the screen Line edit allows you to include and delete characters from anywhere inside a line you are editing as well as insert variables in responses When MENUNIX puts you in Line edit it is generally to provide some information for a command it is going to be running MENUNIX automatically starts you in appending text mode everything you type is entered into a buffer When in append mode you can enter text and follow with a RETURN and MENUNIX will receive what you have typed This will be a common use of Line edit hov ver there are times when you will want to change something you have typed or perhaps a variable or recent command and you will want to get into the middle of a line and make changes For this Line edit has cursor mode in which you can move the cursor to any point in the line and make changes Moving the cursor In cursor mode you can move to the right or left with the keys labeled with arrows if your terminal is so equipped An l letter el moves you one character forward as does a space or CTRL D and an h moves you one back as does backspace and Capital letters tend to apply to a
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search