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Inverted Echo Sounder Data Processing Manual

1. Default 0 5 days filtT is the filter cutoff period Default 3 days Order the order of the butterworth lowpass filter Default 4 TimeOffset is the programmed offset in minutes from on the hour sampling Its value is taken from the deployment log sheet Positive offset means IES samples earlier than oe xpected Negative offset means it samples later than xpected Default 0 od array EGOM readdir data dynamics GOM mat data writedir data dynamics GOM mat data lpgap 1 timeoffset 0 psn 076 1 siteid Sitel launch 2004 12 19 15 32 release 2006 01 24 01 23 clockdrift 14 60 rawdir data dynamics GOM raw_data P1_076 psn 090 1 siteid Site4 2 launch 2005 8 24 05 01 release 2006 01 25 10 18 clockdrift 0 timeoffset 5 rawdir data dynamics GOM raw_data P1_076 Figure 14 Example InitGuiDriver dat file 26 Not all values need to be specified in InitGuiDriver dat and when values are not specified the defaults of Figure 3 e g Lowpass Filtering Parameters will be used unless the user subsequently changes the values directly in the GUI IMPORTANT InitGuiDriver dat needs to be located in the current working directory e g GOM mat data or in the Read Directory specified in the GUI prior to pressing Initialize otherwise MATLAB will prompt the user for the directory location 3 5 IES GUIDRIVER This program performs the following steps Step 1 windowing and hourly values St
2. Figure 33 Example IES GUIDESPIKE window showing data before top and after hand editing bottom 44 If you wish to despike the pressure and or temperature time series DO NOT click Finished Rather go up to the top right pull down menu and select pressure or temperature The default averaging lengths and tolerances are 5 and 0 5 for pressure and 5 and 0 1 for temperature Repeat the steps as for tau Click Finished when satisfied with all three time series The IES_GUIDRIVER and MATLAB windows will show Finished and End of Processing respectively The Site 1 mat file variables tau tmp and prs are updated with the despiked data and the contents of the Sitel structure should now display the comment Created after despiking Figure 34 A summary of the step 2 processing should now be appended to the log file listing the number of NaNs the tolerance the averaging length and the numbers of records changed by travel time pressure and temperature despiking Figure 35 gt gt load Sitel gt gt Sitel Sitel tau 9607x1 double taudd 9607x1 double tmp 9588x1 double tmpdd 9588x1 double prs 9588x1 double prsdd 9588x1 double refyr 2004 comment Created after despiking gt gt Figure 34 Example Site1 mat file contents after Step 2 despiking 3 3 FAS 2g ske ske K K K K K K K K ske K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ske K ske ske K K K ske ok STEP 2 DESPIKE processing run on 24 Apr 2006 11
3. idata dynamics GOMiraw_data P1_076 T076_1 DAT Travel Time seconds 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Hours relative to 306516 Figure 69 IES_GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 1 Travel Time seconds vw Figure 1 EX File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help a DZ3MS HRAaTND E IDB an idata dynamics GOMiraw_data P1_076 T076_1 DAT Travel Time seconds I o o w a 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 6000 9000 Hours relative to 306516 Figure 70 IES GUIDAT2MAT Figure 1 Travel Time seconds with reduced y axis limits Figure 72 IES GUIDAT2MAT Figure 2 Pressure 10kPa with reduced y axis limits 75 Figure 73 IES_GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 3 Temperature degrees C Figure 74 IES_GUIDAT2MAT Figure 3 Temperature degrees C with reduced y axis limits 76 Figure 75 IES_GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 4 Engineering measurements Figure 76 IES_GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 5 Engineering measurements 77 Figure 78 IES_GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 7 Temperature Frequency Hz 78 Figure 79 IES_GUIDAT2MAT Figure 7 Temperature Frequency Hz with reduced y axis limits Figure 80 IES_GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 8 Pressure Frequency Hz 79 Figure 81 IES GUIDAT2MAT Figure 8 Pressure Frequency Hz with reduced y axis limits 80 Appendix B
4. IES GUIDESPIKE DZMS N AQTGSH EDB e3 Data before despiking 319 Travel Time fa 4 Averaging length 3 185 Tolerance 0 0008 ae Method Slope 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 ann Hand edit Reset plot Run Despike Data after despiking 3 19 Number of NaNs 37 3 185 Spikes replaced 5 Finished Figure 31 Example IES GUIDESPIKE window showing data before top and after despiking bottom If you wish to manually edit the time series it is best to first zoom in using the MATLAB toolbar to show the area to be edited in more detail Press the Hand Edit button between the two plots The upper panel plot now shows the data before hand editing Figure 32 A dialog box appears directing the user to Click on the good end points spanning the bad values to replace in the upper graph Click OK NOTE this dialog box only appears the first time you select the Hand edit button Click on the left end point first and then the right end point The two points you selected with the mouse will then be circled in red in the upper panel The new interpolated values will appear between the two circled red points in the lower plot Figure 33 A dialog box will ask if you want to keep this interpolation Click Yes if satisfied Click No to reject the interpolation and restore to the values shown in the upper plot Click Replace with NaNs if you want the interpolated values changed to NaNs 43 v_IES_GUIDESPIKE
5. C D and E using one of two MATLAB m files If the MATLAB optimization toolbox is available fmincon m is used to calculate these parameters If the optimization toolbox is not available the program fminsearchbnd m is used instead and a message appears in the GUI window Real ocean signals may appear like instrumental drift For preliminary drift removal choose the exponential linear equation and allow MATLAB to select the drift coefficients Subsequently comparisons with coincident current measurements should be made to determine if the preliminary drift curve contains any ocean signal If so it will be necessary to dedrift the pressure record again To begin enter the IES serial number and file index e g 076_1 and press the Initialize button in the upper middle of the IES_GUIDRIVER window Change the upper right pull down menu to Step 4 Begin at Dedrifting If you are running the steps consecutively the second pull down menu automatically changes to Stop before Final Detiding If you have restarted IES_GUIDRIVER you will need to change the second step from End of Processing to Stop before Final Detiding Press the button Begin Processing in the lower left of the IES_GUIDRIVER window Figure 40 51 WY IES GUIDRIVER IES serial number and file index 076 Di Semi Di 3 lags Figure 40 Example IES GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing Step 4 dedrifting only The IES GUIDEDRIFT2EXP window appears Figure
6. KP Dimension of array JP P Array of P Values X component numbers to be used in forming the HH Array of H values X time leads to be used in forming the data retained IADJD if EQ 1 subtract mean from series and multiply by calib CALIB calibration IPRIND if LT 0 print only partial list of normalized input IDWTS if LT 0 weights are not to be computed they are given IDADM if EQ 1 compute admittance IDRSP if EQ 1 create predicted tide series KOMPLX if EQ 0 only real part of predicted series is to be IPRINP if LT 0 print only partial list of predicted tide IRESID if EQ 1 compute residual series IPRINR If LT 0 print only partial list of residual series IOUT if LT 0 do not write output time series fil Figure 86 Description of contents of Tidal Prediction Option Files 87
7. log information workspaces and data files associated with subsequent steps will be overwritten The final data sets will be named based on what is specified as the site designator which can be entered into the InitGuiDriver dat parameter file as siteid Figure 14 For example if you specify Site1 as the site designator then Sitel mat and Sitellp mat will be the final data sets created for the hourly and lowpass filtered data sets respectively Default names PIESXXX_ mat and PIESXXX_ lp mat are used if a site designator is not specified We recommend using short site designators since they are also used to name the structure arrays in the final data sets IES DRIVER can be executed without the GUI interface Details about IES_DRIVER options can be obtained by running help on IES_DRIVER in MATLAB At the MATLAB prompt type gt gt IES_GUIDRIVER The default IES_GUIDRIVER window will appear as in Figure 3 The GUI parameters can be initialized manually or from a previously created parameter file see Section 3 4 InitGuiDriver dat To initialize with the values entered in an InitGuiDriver dat file that file must be in your current working directory or specified in the Read Directory entry in the GUI window Enter the IES serial number and file index e g 076_1 and press the Initialize button in the upper middle of the GUI The defaults of Figure 3 will be replaced with the values associated with 076_1 from the InitGuiDriver dat fi
8. mouse to refine the upper and lower tau bounds green lines Each time the hourly taus are recalculated and replotted Typically when good bounds are set the lower bound is below the blue cloud since the leading edge is usually sharp clean but the upper bound cuts through the cloud To terminate the crosshairs when you are satisfied with the hourly tau values press Enter on the keyboard while the cursor is in the plot window If you are finished refining the tau bounds press the button Accept Hourly Values located in the lower right corner of the GUI window to end the processing and exit the window IES GUITAULIMITS DZMS K aIvS EF nE e na a RED points show hourly tau values Use mouse to change upper and lower bounds to refine hourly tau values Hit ENTER in plot when finished with crosshairs or to specify bounds manually Upper Bound 3 19226 Lower Bound 3 17489 Use Crosshairs Manual Override Upper Bound u Lower Bound 0 oy l 4 Apply Bounds 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 Accept Hourly Values Expand Y axis range Reduce Y axis range Figure 20 Example IES GUITAULIMITS window with reduced Y axis range Otherwise you can refine the tau bounds further using crosshairs again or the Manual Override box on the right side of the GUI If you choose the manual override option enter the upper and lower bound values and press Apply Bounds When satisfied with
9. 11 C102_1 mat current meter variables CPIES only Figure 7 Example TXXX_ mat file contents PFO7H 1 mat Figure 8 Example PXXX_ mat file contents E076_1 mat Figure 9 Example EXXX_ mat file contents 19 gt gt gt load FO76 1 mat gt gt whos Name Size Bytes Class TF 57666 1 461346 double array TTmp F7666x1 461326 double array Theader 22x10 440 char array fieshrs 57666x1 461325 double array Figure 10 Example FXXX_ mat file contents gt gt gt gt load C102 1 mat gt gt whos Name Size Bytes Class cieshrs 54168x1 433344 double array compass_direction 54168x1 433344 double array direction 54168x1 433344 double array ping_count 54168x1 433344 double array signal strength 54168x1 433344 double array speed 54168x1 433344 double array temperature 54168x1 433344 double array tilt east 54168x1 433344 double array tilt north 54168x1 433344 double array u 54168x1 433344 double array Y 54168x1 433344 double array Figure 11 Example CXXX_ mat file contents CPIES only NOTE If a DAT file does not exist for a parameter the remaining data can still be processed However a warning message will be displayed in the MATLAB window For example if there is no TXXX_ DAT file the message WARNING Could not open Travel Time will be displayed The rest of the files will be converted to mat files and figures for the converted parameters will be generated It is recommended that you save and print
10. 30 20 Travel Time Despiking NaNs not replaced by despike tolerance 0 00040 averaging length 5 Total records changed 116 33 Pressure Despiking NaNs not replaced by despike 2 tolerance 0 50000 averaging length 5 Total records changed 3 Temperature Despiking NaNs not replaced by despike tolerance 0 02500 averaging length 5 Total records changed 23 KEK KK KKK KKK KK KK KKK KKK KK KKK KKK KK KAKA KKKKK KKK KKK ll 61 x End of Processing Figure 35 Example processing log after Step 2 despiking 45 3 5 3 Step 3 Initial Detiding This step removes the tidal contribution from the pressure record despiked but still containing drift using a FORTRAN program called RESPO for Response Analysis of Tides based on the work of Munk and Cartwright 1966 Response analysis constructs and applies a predictive filter which represents the ocean s response to gravitational forcing Unlike the related harmonic analysis the response analysis assumes nothing about which frequencies are present because the input function is derived directly from Newtonian Keplerian orbital motions the input function contains all the variations of the astronomic forcing regardless of size The oceanic response is considered distinctly from the astronomic forcing The method also has a more physical basis than harmonic analysis since it treats the ocean as a dynamical system Details of the res
11. 5 55 n in Temperature degfr ssure dbar Tau sec wo a o 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 Days referenced to January 1 2004 Figure 64 Example Figure 1 window showing the hourly tau pressure and temperature time series for a PIES Figure 1 x File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help a 0208 Rantala g Hourly Data for Site Site2 Tau sec 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Days referenced to January 1 2004 Figure 65 Same as Figure 64 with addition of u v and DCS temperature for a CPIES 70 Figure 2 File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help N WMS HN RAaQNDE IHB an Fa Hourly Pressure Data dbar for Site Site1 5 2424 8 a 2423 Q Fa a 3 3 vw gt a vw p Em o a a 0 2 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 Days referenced to January 1 2004 Figure 66 Example Figure 2 window showing the despiked pressure tides detided pressure with drift and dedrifted pressure time series Figure 3 File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help a D MS NAQAND E DH eI Low pass Filtered Data for Site Site1 Temperature degf amp rkssure dbar Tau sec 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 Days referenced to January 1 2004 Figure 67 Example Figure 3 window showing the lowpass filtered subsampled tau pressure and temperature time
12. following directory structure is recommended Create a directory for the experiment or study Then create subdirectories for raw data and processed data Within the raw data directory create subdirectories for each instrument An example directory tree is shown in Figure for an experiment called GOM Within directory GOM the subdirectories for raw and processed data are raw data and mat data In raw data a subdirectory has been made for IES serial number 076 with site designator P1 i e P1 076 Do not include spaces in the directory or site designator names Spaces in directory names will cause MATLAB to fail Site designators are usually assigned prior to launch by the Principal Investigator The processing code will prepend the word PIES to any site designator entered as numeric only Serial numbers are assigned by URI GSO at the time of manufacture Data from PIES serial number 076 will be used throughout this manual to illustrate processing steps Y GOM File Edit View Go Bookmarks Help 1 gt 40 8 Back Forward Up Stop Reload Home Location data dynamics GOM Information x Filename a size Type r raw data 1 item folder today at 12 27 14 PM D mat data O items folder today at 12 27 37 PM GOM folder 2 items today at 12 27 37 PM raw data File Edit View Go Bookmarks Help 1 gt 1 40 A Back Forward Up Stop Reload Home Location data
13. h 7 Low Pass Filter Prslp taulp tmplp ulp vlp cmtmplp Figure 4 IES Data Processing Flowchart 15 Chapter 3 Step by Step Processing 3 1 Introduction The two main IES processing programs are 1 IES GUIDAT2MAT m 2 IES GUIDRIVER m IES GUIDAT2MAT must be run first to create mat files from the raw DAT data files listed in Table 1 IES GUIDRIVER the main processing program for IES Models 6 1 and 6 2 is then run The programs are designed to process travel time pressure and temperature data However the codes will run if any of those measurements are missing The current meter data of a CPIES can also be processed by these two programs Two final data products are produced 1 hourly file containing despiked travel time and temperature despiked detided and dedrifted pressure despiked currents and current meter temperature CPIES only 2 lowpass filtered subsampled file at user specified interval in days In the following sections processing for a PIES instrument will be described first followed by modifications for a CPIES 3 2 IES GUIDAT2MAT IES GUIDAT2MAT m is the GUI interface to easily input several parameters to IES DAT2MAT m The main purposes of this program are to plot the raw data contained in the ASCII DAT files to provide an initial assessment of the data quality to convert the DAT files listed in Table I into mat files containing standard scientific units for subsequent proces
14. lower left Figure 46 There is no further user input for this step v IES GUIDRIVER X IES serial number and file index f Stop before Velocity Processing Launch time EE cc Site Designator 1 se Release time EE EE E a Clock Drift minutes 1 Time Offset minutes I Travel Time Processing Method Da not repr Read Directo ss fdatafdynamics GOM mat_dataf Di Semi Di 3 lags ss Write Directory 1 data dynamics GOM mat_data Raw DAT file Directo E LOWPASS FILTERING PARAMETERS Butterworth Filter Order Cutoff Period days Output Time Interval days Figure 46 Example IES GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing Step 5 final detiding only The IES GUIDRIVER and MATLAB windows will show Finished and End of Processing respectively The Site1 mat file Figure 47 now contains the dedrifted pressure data after final detiding Sitel prs The Sitel structure comment will read Created after final dedrifting prs prs tide drift Figure 47 Site1 tide now contains the recalculated time series of the tide The amplitudes Site 1 amplitude and phases 57 Sitel phase of the tidal constituents have been overwritten with the recalculated values The amplitudes and phases after final detiding will likely show only slight differences from those calculated in Step 3 initial detiding If your data contains gaps larger than the threshold default 24
15. the figures created by IES GUIDAT2MAT by pressing the button Save plots as EPS files IES_GUIDAT2MAT will create a figs subdirectory e g GOM mat_data figs in which to store the eps files The saved filenames will have the syntax PIESXXX t figl eps Examples of the MATLAB figure windows are included in Appendix A for a PIES with the two additional plots generated for a CPIES in Appendix B To assess data quality examine the figures windows generated by IES GUIDAT2MAT 20 Figure 1 Travel time seconds The full scale is 0 10 seconds but most of the data will be concentrated in a narrow range of approximately 0 05 seconds e g Appendix A Figure 69 Check the travel time quality by zooming in using the toolbar in the figure window e g Appendix A Figure 70 an instrument moored between 2000 and 5000 m depth records travel time data in the range 2 6 to 6 6 seconds values near 10 seconds are bad and indicate no echoes good quality data have small scatter Figure 2 Pressure dbar The default plot will show the full range of pressure e g Appendix A Figure 71 The signal typically looks linear because it includes a wide range of pressure values in going from air while on the deck to the ocean bottom Zooming in will show the bottom pressure which is typically dominated by the tidal signal Appendix A Figure 72 Figure 3 Temperature deg C The default plot will show a large range e g Appendix A Figure 73 go
16. the hourly valued produced with manually selected tau bounds press the button 34 Accept Hourly Values NOTE The manual override option is useful if you later need to repeat step 1 but were satisfied with the tau bounds recorded in the processing log Histograms are used to determine the acceptable ranges of good pressure and temperature measurements The next figure window to open shows two histograms of pressure Figure 21 Working with the histogram in the lower plot set limits for the minimum and maximum pressures NOTE there are instructions in the MATLAB window as well as in red in the Figure window Following the directions in the Figure window click in the lower plot to select left and right limits of the histogram Figure I is then replaced by the full pressure time series with the selected limits Figure 22 Tv Figure 1 EX File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help a D3 S H AaQGS F DB an FULL RANGE OF PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS D x o b M Number Occurrences 0 2200 2250 2300 2350 2400 2450 Pressure EXPANDED VIEW ABOUT MEAN VALUE USE MOUSE TQ 0 2422 4 2422 6 2422 8 2423 2423 2 2423 4 2423 6 Figure 21 Figure window generated by Step 1 with full range of pressure measurements top and expanded view about mean value bottom 35 Figure 1 File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help DsHS k RA2 o 08 eo HIT ENTER IN PLOT
17. txt EEIZ 6 tidedataout txt LEIES NG Di Semi Di Mf Mssa 5lags Diurnal Semi Diurnal Fortnightly and Solar Semi annual 5 lags BASECTRL DSL5 txt s s s 2 0 s r NNN Parr Dees 13 96 48 0 48 96 0 OG 250370 05 157 067 LO dg dg TJ Gr pg Sly Lg tidedata txt 12 6 tidedataout txt 8 1 5 6 1 ONS FPWWW WWW Ww s s 86 NUMGMN LGAMMA MORDER NDEGRE LGAMMA MORDER NDEGRE KP JP K K 1 KP K H K K 1 KH NPHGP1 NP K K 1 nphgp1 NH K K 1 NPHGP1 I ii i T PRINR IOUT NUMGMN Number of gamma M N triplets LGAMMA 1 for moon s gravitational potential 2 for sun s gravitational potential 3 for total gravitational potential 4 for sun s radiational potential harmonic Ey prediction weights KH Dimension of array HH prediction values NPHGP1 Dimension of array NP and of array NH NP I NP 1 0 NP I GT 1 is the number of the last term in the I 1 th group of array jp NH I NH 1 0 NH I GT 1 is the number of the last term in the I l th group of array HH ADJD CALIB IPRIND IDWTS IDADM IDRSP KOMPLX IPRINP IRESID MORDER value of M in ith gamma M N triplet order of spherical NDEGRE value of N in ith gamma M N triplet degree of spherical harmonic
18. z Site Designator Sitel Launch time t fi Release time i Clock Drift minutes Time Offset minutes en Travel Time Processing Method Do hot Es TV Pressure Gap Threshold for Tides hours Ez Read Directory idata dynamics GOM mat_data Tidal Prediction Options Di Semi Di 3 lags z Write Directory data dynamics GOM mat_data Raw DAT file Directory LOWPASS FILTERING PARAMETERS Butterworth Filter Order Cutoff Period days Output Time Interval days Gap Threshold days Waiting to Begin Save plots as EPS files UNDE g Close plots Figure 29 Example IES_GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing Step 2 only 41 A new GUI window appears with a toolbar Figure 30 showing the tau time series before despiking in the upper panel On the right side of the GUI you can select the averaging length default 5 the tolerance default 0 0008 seconds and the despiking method travel times can only be despiked with the slope method Using the GUI defaults press the button Run Despike w IES GUIDESPIKE Figure 30 Example IES GUIDESPIKE window showing data before despiking top For 076 1 the default despiking replaces 5 data spikes and the new despiked time series appears in the lower plot of the GUI Figure 31 If you are not satisfied with the despiked tau time series you can change the averaging length or tolerance Decreasing the tolerance removes more data spikes from the time series 42
19. 25 58 Principal solar diurnal Pl 24 1 Larger lunar elliptic Ql 26 9 Table 4 Tidal Constituents Provided by Default Processing The processing log file Figure 39 will list the gap threshold the tidal constituents removed default diurnal and semi diurnal and the maximum admittance control value default 3 lags Only pressure data are detided KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKAKKKKK STEP 3 INITIAL DETIDE Data gaps less than 24 hours will be interpolated before detiding Diurnal and semidiurnal tides removed Maximum Lags for Admittance processing run on 28 Apr 2006 11 53 28 Figure 39 Example processing log after Step 3 initial detiding 50 3 5 4 Step 4 Dedrifting This step fits and removes drift from the pressure record Drifts are typically associated with variations in the properties of the pressure sensor crystal over long time scales or slight imperfections in the IES master clock The pressure records can either be dedrifted by a linear exponential function or by double exponential functions The linear exponential function method was recommended by Watts and Kontoyiannis 1990 who have examined sensor drift and performance where the rate of drift decays with time and is best approximated by a function of the form Drift A Ct D The double exponential function has the form Drif A C E The processing code calculates the initial estimates for the coefficients A B
20. 41 showing the data prior to fitting drift in the left plot Below the plot the default method of dedrifting is selected linear exponential with initial guesses for the coefficients A B C and D 52 v JES_GUIDEDRIFIZEXP Figure 41 Example IES_GUIDEDRIFT2EXP window prior to fitting drift The user can modify the OPTIMSET parameters on the right in Figure 41 and or specify constraints on the coefficients A D in the GUI The OPTIMSET parameters are defined in MATLAB type help optimset for more information as follows MaxFunEvals Maximum number of function evaluations allowed positive integer MaxIter Maximum number of iterations allowed positive integer TolFun Termination tolerance on the function value positive scalar TolX Termination tolerance on X positive scalar Press the Fit Drift button The drift curve in red is superimposed on the data in the Prior to Fitting Drift plot and the dedrifted data data minus drift is plotted in the After Drift Removed plot Figure 42 53 v JES_GUIDEDRIFIZEXP Figure 42 Example IES_GUIDEDRIFT2EXP window showing data prior to fitting drift left and after drift removed right Note the Initial Guesses Figure 41 have been replaced with Fitted Values Figure 42 and at the bottom of the OPTIMSET box Converged should appear In general the OPTIMSET parameters should be appropriate However if the GUI seems to hanging decreasing MaxI
21. 89936 The goal is for the red curve the calculated hourly tau values to track the lower edge of the dense cloud of blue dots For this example the tau bounds are quite broad which biases the hourly taus to longer values away from the lower edge of the cloud To improve the hourly values you need to adjust the upper and lower bounds to restrict the range You can hit Enter immediately to end crosshairs if you want to specify the bounds manually Otherwise position the crosshairs with the mouse above and below the blue cloud to select new tau bounds New hourly values are calculated using the refined bounds and are replotted as shown in Figure 19 NOTE even though you may reduce the range of the bounds to calculate the hourly red values the smallest y axis range generated by the program is 0 1 s This insures that the range is sufficient to span the important signals for most deployments For reference as an approximation a 1000 m change in thermocline depth would produce about a 0 05 second change in tau V IES GUITAULIMITS x Figure 19 Example IES_GUITAULIMITS window with refined tau bounds 33 You can expand or reduce Figure 20 the y axis range by selecting the buttons at the bottom of the GUI window Expand Y axis range Reduce Y axis range However you must terminate the crosshairs to adjust the y axis range Reducing will show less than the 0 1 s default y axis range You can repeatedly use the crosshairs and
22. 9588x1 gt gt Sitel comment ans double double double double double double 2x1 cell double ixi struct ixl struct double 2 42292 03 1x1 struct Created after dedrifting prs prs tide drift Figure 44 Example Site1 mat file contents after Step 4 dedrifting STEP 4 DEDRIFT processing run on 10 May 2006 12 47 38 Drift equation Drift coefficients A Drift coefficients B Drift coefficients C Drift coefficients D A exp B time C time D 3 186259e 02 6 753087e 01 1 151889e 04 2 422957e 03 KKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK x End of Processing Figure 45 Example processing log after Step 4 dedrifting 56 3 5 5 Step 5 Final Detiding After the pressure record has been dedrifted it is customary to detide the record again to improve the tide prediction This step adds the tides removed by initial detiding Section 3 5 3 Step 3 to the dedrifted pressure record and then recalculates the tides To begin enter the IES serial number and file index e g 076_1 and initialize the GUI window Change the upper right pull down menu to Step 5 Begin at Final Detiding If you are running the steps consecutively the second pull down menu automatically changes to Stop before Velocity Processing If you have restarted IES GUIDRIVER you will need to change the second step from End of Processing to Stop before Velocity Processing Press the button Begin Processing in the
23. Examples of additional plots generated by IES_GUIDAT2MAT for currents CPIES only vw Figure 4 File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help a DZMS HK ARQMNDE IDB sH fetatasdynamics 1ES 52 SN102 C102 1 DAT Nm o BEGER 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Hours relative to 300821 37 400 ay O T a Pee 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Hours relative to 300821 37 Current Direction Current Speed 1 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 Hours relative to 300821 37 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Hours relative to 300821 37 Figure 82 IES GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 4 for CPIES 81 he i el T Figure 84 IES GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 5 for CPIES 82 Appendix C Response Analysis of Tides C 1 Theory A simple filter may be expresses as HSV TE ea ry 1 where y is the predicted tide x is the input function and is the response of the ocean to a unit of impulse of x at time zero The tidal prediction illustrated by Equation I depends only on the input s temporal variation at that particular location As a refinement the forcing at other locations may be included in the prediction y t YD Le x t 7 2 where i represents forcing at neighboring locations that might influence sea level at the site of interest Response analysis systematically includes spatial dependence by ex
24. Figure 52 Example IES_GUIDESPIKE CM window showing U component data before top and after despiking bottom sannsn sene GMieodaiiskentenped 61 Figure 53 Example IES_GUIDESPIKE window showing V component data before top and after despiking bottom ciisscijssiasssssedisisveiacvavadissacacsashaccandsasaaeeaseaseers teasedeadoanecnss 62 Figure 54 Example of IES_GUIDESPIKE CM window showing expanded view for V component Hand editing un gass aukar aed Ge 63 Figure 55 Example of IES_GUIDESPIKE CM window showing DCS temperature data ber re d spikins top eeen ine kata get i E E aTa A 64 Figure 56 Example IES_GUIDESPIKE CM window showing DCS temperature data before top and after despiking bottom seessesessssssessesssesrerseesseseresresseseresressesees 64 Figure 57 Example of Site2 mat file contents after step 6 velocity processing 65 Figure 58 Example processing log after Step 6 velocity processing ceeeeeseeeeees 65 Figure 59 Example IES_GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing Step 7 lowpass fiber onager 67 Figure 60 Example Site1lp mat file contents for a PIES after Step 7 lowpass filtering 68 Figure 61 Example Site2lp mat file for a CPIES after Step 7 lowpass filtering 68 Figure 62 Example processing log after Step 7 lowpass filtering 0 0 0 eee eeeeeeeeeee 68 Figure 63 Example IES_GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing Step 8 Pour SAS 69 Figure 64 Example Figur
25. Figure 60 Example Sitellp mat file contents for a PIES after Step 7 lowpass filtering SiteZIp gt gt tau taudd tmp tmpdd prs prsdd refyr u M uvdd cmtmp cmtmpdd 1x832 1x832 1x831 1x831 1x831 1x831 2004 1x748 1x748 1x748 1x748 1x748 double double double double double double double double double double double Figure 61 Example Site2lp mat file for a CPIES after Step 7 lowpass filtering KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK STEP 7 LOW PASS FILTER processing run on 12 May 2006 11 25 13 Butterworth lowpass filter Order 4 Cutoff period 3 days Filtered record has sampling interval of 0 5 days Data gaps less than 1 days will be interpolated before filtering KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK End of Processing KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Figure 62 Example processing log after Step 7 lowpass filtering 68 3 5 8 Step 8 Plotting To begin enter the IES serial number and file index e g 076_1 and press the Initialize button in the GUI window Change the upper right pull down menu to Step 8 Begin at Plotting The second pull down menu automatically changes to End of Processing Press the button Begin Processing in the lower left Figure 63 WY IES GUIDRIVER X Step 8 Begin at Plotting in Launch tie EE a a a Release time cc cc a Cock Drift minutes FT Ti
26. GUIFREQ2MAT GUI window or X in the upper right corner 24 3 4 InitGuiDriver dat Parameter File Setup For the user s convenience prior to running IES_GUIDRIVER a parameter file called InitGuiDriver dat may be created This parameter file can be considered a lookup table based on IES serial number containing information relevant to a particular instrument and study The parameter file is used to initialize the GUI with values so that the user does not have to enter them manually A single parameter file can be made for all instruments in a study using your preferred editor e g WordPad vi emacs Default values for all instruments are listed first followed by instrument specific entries The user will need to consult the log sheets from the deployment recovery cruises for some values e g timeoffset clockdrift launch and release times NOTE All times should be entered as UT An example InitGuiDriver dat file is shown in Figure 14 Descriptions of possible parameters to specify are listed in the comments section of InitGuiDriver dat NOTE Items for GUI window pull down menus cannot be entered into the InitGuiDriver dat file Edit InitGuiDriver dat After the comments section type the word array followed by a descriptor for your study e g EGOM On the lines following array type any parameters common to all instruments e g readdir writedir Ipgap or parameters for which you wish to specify a default value e g
27. Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Narragansett Rhode Island Inverted Echo Sounder Data Processing Manual GSO Technical Report No 2007 02 floating recovery line 7 glass flotation sphere Aanderaa Doppler current sensor model 3820R p n 0973820R deep water stud p n 0973886 50 meter x 8mm cable pin 0973883E URI GSO inverted Echo Sounder pressure sensor option expendable anchor plates platfc By Maureen Kennelly Karen Tracey and D Randolph Watts June 2007 Form Approved Report Documentation Page OMB No 0704 0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response including the time for reviewing instructions searching existing data sources gathering and maintaining the data needed and completing and reviewing the collection of information Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Headquarters Services Directorate for Information Operations and Reports 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway Suite 1204 Arlington VA 22202 4302 Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number 1 REPORT DATE 3 DATES COVERED JUN 2007 2 REPOR
28. I example The Sitel structure comment will consist of two lines containing Created after initial detiding and prs prs tide You may want to write down the values of Sitel amplitude and Site 1 phase for later comparison with the values calculated after step 5 final detiding The default case Di Semi Di 3 lags provides the amplitudes and phases for the tidal constituents listed in Table 4 gt gt gt gt Sitel Sitel tau 9607x1 double taudd 9607x1 double tmp 9588x1 double tmpdd 9588x1 double prs 9588x1 double prsdd 9588x1 double refyr 2004 comment 2x1 cell tide 9588x1 double amplitude 1x1 struct phase 1x1 struct gt gt Sitel comment ans Created after initial detiding prs prs tide Figure 37 Example Site1 mat file contents after Step 3 detiding gt gt gt gt Si tel phase 01 11 7340 K1 18 6000 Qi 1 6270 PERISIS M2 102 9810 K2 103 3770 N2 115 5460 52 102 6960 gt gt Sitel ampli tude ans 01 0 1419 K1 0 1424 Q1 0 0325 P1 0 0482 M2 0 0237 K2 0 0060 N2 0 0046 52 0 0208 Figure 38 Example Sitel mat tidal phases and amplitudes 49 Name Symbol Approximate Period Solar Hours Semi diurnal Principal lunar M2 12 4 Principal solar 52 12 0 Larger lunar elliptic N2 1257 Luni solar semi diurnal K2 11 97 Diurnal Luni solar diurnal K1 2349 Principal lunar diurnal Ol
29. KKK End of Processing Figure 48 Example processing log after Step 5 final detiding 58 3 5 6 Step 6 Velocity Processing Velocity processing calculates hourly averages of the velocity components if the instrument is a CPIES and Currents were selected at the DAT2MAT stage of processing see Figure 5 The example instrument used in this manual P076 1 is a PIES rather than a CPIES Attempting velocity processing on a PIES will not result in an error but data are not modified and no information is appended to the processing log NOTE the log created after Step 1 for 076_1 showed that velocity data would not be processed refer to Figure 28 Section 3 5 1 To illustrate velocity processing a different instrument a CPIES 102_1 will be used To begin enter the IES serial number and file index and press the Initialize button in the GUI window Figure 49 Change the upper right pull down menu to Step 6 Begin at Velocity Processing If you are running the steps consecutively the second pull down menu automatically changes to Stop before Lowpass Filtering If you have restarted IES_GUIDRIVER you will need to change the second step from End of Processing to Stop before Lowpass Filtering Press the button Begin Processing in the lower left Figure 49 WY IES GUIDRIVER Clock Drift minutes Time Offset minutes Travel Time Processing Method Jia Raw DAT file Directo Di Semi Di 3 lags N Q ERI
30. KKKKKKKKKK Site ID is Sitel KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK STEP I processing run on 10 Apr 2006 12 23 53 Velocity data will not be processed On bottom records are determined from launch and release times Launch time 2004 12 19 15 32 0 gt decimal day 3 536472e 02 Release time 2006 1 24 1 23 0 gt decimal day 7 540576e 02 x x x RELEASE information differs by 6 8667 minutes User specified 754 0576 versus IES LOG 754 0624 Time base Number of records added to fill time gaps in Travel Time 2 Total Clock Drift 0 000162 days 0 233333 minutes Launch occurred 17 hours after instrument was turned on Clock adjustment of 0 116667 minutes was applied Number of records added to fill time gaps in Pressure and Temperature au processed using the ORT method Tau bounds 3 17517 to 3 19562 Pressure bounds 2422 468182 to 2423 437879 Temperature bounds 5 547049 to 5 571271 Temperature equilibrium reached about 19 hours after launch KKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKK KKK KKK KK KKK KKK K KKK KKKKKKKKK xxxx End of Processing Figure 28 Example processing log after Step 1 windowing and hourly values 40 3 5 2 Step 2 Despiking Step 2 is done to identify data spikes in the time series of travel time temperature and pressure and uses either a slope or Tukey method to replace them with interpolated values The slope method identifies outliers as data points that
31. N LAM WPAS chit DAD METERS Butterworth Filter Order utoff Period days Output Time Interval days Figure 49 Example IES_GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing Step 6 Velocity Processing Only 59 This step starts with determining when the current meter temperature has reached equilibrium with the surroundings similar to Step 1 for the IES Paroscientific temperature sensor Figure 25 in Section 3 5 1 Equilibration occurs more rapidly than for the Paroscientific sensor because the current meter temperature sensor is in direct contact with the water Follow the directions in the Figure window see Figure 50 to select the last temperature record to omit prior to equilibrium with surroundings and hit Enter in the plot window Figure 1 Figure 1 File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help x D3WMS HAAIYS E IHB an cy USE MOUSE TO SELECT NEW LAST POINT TO OMIT HIT ENTER IN PLOT WINDOW WHEN FINISHED 1 48 T T T T File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help E DseS k QQ o 4 08 en0 RED 0 POINTS MALL BE OMMTED USE MOUSE TO SELECT NEW LAST POINT TO OMIT HIT ENTER IN PLOT WINDOW WHEN FINISHED 1 48 T T 1 475 4 1 47 4 mn pa T 1 465 4 1 465 a 4 ps a T 1 455 4 1 455 pa a n nm a T Current Meter Temperature Current Meter Temperature Figure 50 Figure windows generated by velocity proce
32. TTYPE 00 00 2007 to 00 00 2007 4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a CONTRACT NUMBER Inverted Echo Sounder Data Processing Manual 5b GRANT NUMBER 5c PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6 AUTHOR S 5d PROJECT NUMBER 5e TASK NUMBER 5f WORK UNIT NUMBER 7 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME S AND ADDRESS ES 8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION University of Rhode Island Department of Ocean REPORT NUMBER Engineering Narragansett RI 02882 9 SPONSORING MONITORING AGENCY NAME S AND ADDRESS ES 10 SPONSOR MONITOR S ACRONYM S 11 SPONSOR MONITOR S REPORT NUMBER S 12 DISTRIBUTION AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release distribution unlimited 13 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14 ABSTRACT 15 SUBJECT TERMS 16 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF 17 LIMITATION OF 18 NUMBER 19a NAME OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES RESPONSIBLE PERSON a REPORT b ABSTRACT c THIS PAGE Same as 89 unclassified unclassified unclassified Report SAR Standard Form 298 Rev 8 98 Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39 18 Abstract The Inverted Echo Sounder IES is an ocean bottom moored instrument that measures the vertical acoustic travel time VATT round trip from the sea floor to the sea surface and back The VATT varies principally due to changes in the temperature profile of the water column making the IES well suited for monitoring changes in temperature structure and dynamic height baroclinic signal Currently the Model 6 2 a
33. WINDOW WHEN FINISHED CHOOSE LIMITS OUTSIDE AXES TO EXPAND RANGE Click below is box 2423 Pressure 24229 24228 24227 2422 6 2422 5 1 i 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 Decimal Days Figure 22 Figure window generated by Step 1 showing full pressure time series after initial windowing Again directions in the Figure window guide the user The pressure and temperature time series are typically very clean and may only need bounds changed once if at all To change the bounds click minimum and maximum limits NOTE you can press Enter at any point you don t have to select new bounds Repeat as many times as necessary to bound the pressure measurements If you make a mistake and need to expand the axes range of the plot click somewhere outside the plot and instruction boxes When you are satisfied with the range of pressure while the Figure window is active press Enter Repeat these steps with temperature see Figure 23 and Figure 24 36 i gt v Figurel gt A x File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help D2a5 DB ea x va FULL RANGE OF TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS 6 3 lt 4 7 3 B2 amp 2 0 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Temperature Counts x va EXPANDED VIEW ABOUT MEAN VALUE USE MOUSE TO SELECT LEFT AND RIGHT LIMITS Figure 23 Figure window generated by Step 1 with full range of temperature measurements top and expanded view about mean value
34. ample of IES GUIDESPIKE CM window showing DCS temperature data before despiking top Figure 56 Example IES GUIDESPIKE CM window showing DCS temperature data before top and after despiking bottom 64 gt gt load 5ite2 gt gt Site2 Site tau 10039x1 double taudd 10039x1 double tmp 10020x1 double tmpdd 10020x1 double prs 10020x1 double prsdd 10020x1 double refyr 2004 comment 2x1 cell tide 10020x1 double amplitude 1x1 struct phase 1x1 struct drift 10020x1 double prsave 5 7312e 03 driftcoef 1x1 struct uvdd 9024x1 double u 9024x1 double vi 9024x1 double cmtmp 9024x1 double cmtmpdd 9024x1 double gt gt Site2 comment ans Created after velocity processing prs prs tide drift gt gt Figure 57 Example of Site2 mat file contents after step 6 velocity processing KEKEE ske ske K K K K K K K K ske K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ske K K K K K STEP 6 CURRENT processing run on 17 May 2006 14 35 17 Current meter temperature equilibrium reached about 3 hours after launch U component Despiking NaNs not replaced by despike 0 tolerance 5 00000 averaging length 5 Total records changed 0 V component Despiking NaNs not replaced by despike tolerance 5 00000 averaging length 5 Total records changed 4 V component record shortened to remove leading or trailing NaNs U and V component record le
35. bottom Iv Figure 1 ee File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help a DMS 8 2 08 en FIN AND MAR Mi HIT ENTER IN PLOT WINDOW WHEN FINISHED CHOOSE LIMITS OUTSIDE AXES TO EXPAND RANGE Click below is box 5 575 557 5 565 5 56 Temperature 5 555 5 55 5 545 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 Decimal Days Figure 24 Figure window generated by Step1 showing full temperature time series after initial windowing 37 After the temperature bounds selection is completed the next figure is a time series of hourly temperature from the beginning of the record Figure 25 This plot allows the user to identify when the internal temperature of the IES reached equilibrium with the surroundings Pressure and temperature data prior to the equilibrium time will be discarded The internal temperature of the IES is measured by a Paroscientific sensor located within the IES glass sphere i e NOT in direct contact with seawater and is needed for the conversion of pressure frequency to dbars When the figure opens a four day long segment of temperature is plotted with values up to 12 hours after launch circled in red These points will be eliminated unless the user selects a different value Follow the directions in the Figure window Position the crosshairs and then click the mouse on the last point to omit Figure 26 Then hit Enter NOTE additional temperature measurements are obtaine
36. change more rapidly from the preceding value by more than the specified rate tolerance The Tukey method runs a median filter on the time series and identifies outliers as values that differ from the filtered record by the specified tolerance Travel times can only be despiked using the slope method Either method can be used to despike pressure and temperature To begin enter the IES serial number and file index e g 076_1 and press the Initialize button in the upper middle of the IES_GUIDRIVER window Change the upper right pull down menu to Step 2 Begin at Despiking If you are running the steps consecutively rather than all in one run the second pull down menu automatically changes to Stop before Initial Detiding If you have restarted IES_GUIDRIVER you will need to change the second step from End of Processing to Stop before Initial Detiding Note the values for some of the parameters are replaced with blanks in the GUI However the parameters in the processing program retain the values that were set in Step 1 If you wish to change a value you can enter the new one at this time Note that the tau processing method updates to Do not reprocess which refers to the processing that occurred in Step 1 Press the button Begin Processing in the lower left Figure 29 IES GUIDRIVER IES serial number and file index 076 1 Step 2 Begin at Despiking f Initialize Stop before Initial Detiding
37. combined IES data logger and acoustic release with optional measurements of bottom pressure temperature and current speed and direction with attached Aanderaa Doppler current sensor is produced at URI GSO Data are processed in situ and are available optional remotely by an acoustic telemetry link or expendable satellite link data shuttle In addition to the IES measured baroclinic signals barotropic near bottom pressure variations may be measured with the optional pressure sensor A report was written in 1991 describing IES data processing Fields et al 1991 Since that report significant improvements have been made to both IES hardware and software warranting an update of the IES data processing This report will document standard processing steps currently carried out for IES Models 6 1 and 6 2 at URI GSO A separate document Inverted Echo Sounder User s Manual IES Model 6 2 describes the IES hardware and instrument configuration Table of Contents Pe CIA K e S AE E A E E E eksosen 1 List of F re 4 List of Tables sacs ssicsossnisiseansteasciysvonsdonscvdnsovsvisatansinieohusenassoncsodesesavinassnsbvasobussbastiassvuesousetensen 7 BstAeronnmssaessqecdrss aetra sates itago Vosen ee 7 Chapter 1 Tt rod we ons sis svsccesssicccesgses sessssececessavees seaaeesvesesvonsessdneacossevsvensnsveasssveovdsevaevsanens 9 1 1 Prior to Processing Setting up the Directory Structure 0 0 9 Chapter 2 Overview of TES P
38. contents shown in Figure 27 The output file and structure array names are derived from the site designator set in the IES_GUIDRIVER window see Figure 15 The Sitel comment should read Created after windowing The log file PIES076 1 processing log should have entries similar to Figure 28 listing launch and release times time base information number of gaps filled the method for tau processing and based on the interactive windowing the bounds for tau pressure and temperature and when temperature equilibrium was achieved If a time offset had been used in processing a line would appear in the log preceding the tau processing method stating Time offset of XX minutes was included NOTE If a parameter could not be processed for example missing or bad tau pressure temperature or velocity it will be noted in the log Instrument 076_1 is a PIES therefore the log Figure 28 states that Velocity data will not be processed 39 cr om gt gt load Si tel gt gt Sitel Sitel tau 9607x1 double taudd 9607x1 double tmp 9588x1 double tmpdd 9588x1 double prs 9588x1 double prsdd 9588x1 double refyr 2004 comment Created after windowing Figure 27 Example Sitel mat file contents after Step 1 windowing and hourly values 3 IS 3 3 ske ske K K K K K K K K ske K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ske K K K K ok Processing of 076_1 Site Sitel KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
39. d for CPIES by a temperature sensor on the DCS which is in direct contact with seawater and therefore reaches equilibrium more quickly than the Paroscientific temperature sensor in the IES Figure 1 File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help DZ MS HAQYD EA DH ea REDO POINTS VILL BE OM D AF F USE MOUSE TO SELECT NEW LAST POINT TO OMIT HIT ENTER IN PLOT YANDOW WHEN FINISHED 5 575 Red o points will be omitted 12 hrs after launch n in Select the last point to omit with mouse or hit enter on on D on a in Temperature 3535 354 3545 355 EIEL 356 9565 37 357 5 358 ime Figure 25 Figure window generated by Step 1 showing beginning of temperature time series with points to omit 12 hours after launch shown in red 38 Figure 1 File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help a NnN WMS H AQVYD A IH 8 5 58 5 575 557 Red o points will be omitted 12 hrs after launch Select the last point to omit with mouse or hit enter Temperature nm on on on at in 5 555 5 55 5 545 3535 354 3545 355 355 36 3565 357 3575 358 ime Figure 26 Figure window generated by Step 1 showing beginning of temperature time series with user selected points to omit shown in red The IES GUIDRIVER and MATLAB windows will show Finished and End of Processing respectively At the completion of this step a Sitel mat file is created with the structure array
40. dynamics GOM raw_data Wiomaton x mename Size Type os waded oa P1_076 Oitems folder today at 12 27 14 PM raw_data folder 1 item today at 12 27 14 PM Figure 1 Recommended directory tree structure 10 After an IES is recovered at sea raw data from the flash memory card are downloaded and should be put in the raw data subdirectory for that particular IES e g Figure I GOM raw_data P1_076 Up to seven ASCII files are downloaded from each instrument and are listed in Table 1 File Contents TXXX_ DAT Travel time data PXXX_ DAT Pressure and temperature data EXXX_ DAT Engineering data FXXX_ DAT Unconverted pressure and temperature frequency data in Hertz From the Paroscientific pressure sensor IESXXX LOG System log information TELEM DAT Daily values to be telemetered CXXX_ DAT Acoustic Doppler current meter data CPIES only Table 1 Raw data files downloaded from IES XXX is the instrument serial number e g 076 and ft is the mission configuration number typically 1 The mission configuration number depends on the number of times the mission configuration has been modified See the IES User s Manual for further information about mission configuration The format and contents of the ASCII DAT files are described in detail in the IES User s Manual The TELEM DAT file contains daily rather than hourly samples and is used with the Pulse Data Te
41. e 40 Example IES_GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing Step 4 dedrifting only noninar iiaa T EE E E A TR TEANAS EA ERES 52 Figure 41 Example IES GUIDEDRIFT2EXP window prior to fitting drift 53 Figure 42 Example IES_GUIDEDRIFT2EXP window showing data prior to fitting drift left and after drift removed M bler se RER NG 54 Figure 43 Example IES_GUIDEDRIFT2EXP window showing expanded view of data prior to fitting drift left and after drift removed right ee eee eeeeeeeeeereeeeeeees 55 Figure 44 Example Site 1 mat file contents after Step 4 dedrifting srerrvrronvrrrvrnvvrnrrnr 56 Figure 45 Example processing log after Step 4 dedrifting sorronvrnnnvnnnrnnvvrrenvnnnrnvvrernn 56 Figure 46 Example IES GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing Step 5 finaldetiding Ne ed A a 57 Figure 47 Example Sitel mat file contents after Step 5 final detiding 0 0 0 eee 58 Figure 48 Example processing log after Step 5 final detiding serrnvrnnrrnnvvrvrnvvnrnrnvvrerrnr 58 Figure 49 Example IES_GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing Step 6 Velocity Processing Only sjsicss isiaisndisiiess sapenasuussdianacapeaaes a ae saa eiia 59 Figure 50 Figure windows generated by velocity processing showing beginning of DCS temperature time series with points to omit shown in red 00 eee eeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeetees 60 Figure 51 Example of IES_GUIDESPIKE CM window showing data before despiking Ge EEE NE EE RE AE 61
42. e I window showing the hourly tau pressure and temperature tme series FOR Eee 70 Figure 65 Same as Figure 64 with addition of u v and DCS temperature for a CPIES 70 Figure 66 Example Figure 2 window showing the despiked pressure tides detided pressure with drift and dedrifted pressure time series 00 0 eee eseeceseeeeeeeeneeeneeees 71 Figure 67 Example Figure 3 window showing the lowpass filtered subsampled tau pressure and temperature time series for a PIES rrernrnrnvnnnvrnvvenrrrrrrvrnrnenrnnenvrensernee 71 Figure 68 Same as Figure 67 with addition of u v and DCS temperature for a CPIES 72 Figure 69 IES_GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 1 Travel Time seconds eeee 74 Figure 70 IES GUIDAT2MAT Figure 1 Travel Time seconds with reduced y axis BS assinei naiera n A saci e Eaa Eei TE ERa E Tan AE EA RAS E 74 Figure 71 IES_GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 2 Pressure 10kPa orrnnorrrrorrrrnrrrrrenn 75 Figure 72 IES GUIDAT2MAT Figure 2 Pressure 10kPa with reduced y axis limits 75 Figure 73 IES GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 3 Temperature degrees C 76 Figure 74 IES GUIDAT2MAT Figure 3 Temperature degrees C with reduced y axis LE 1 isis EE Er EN oy noe ge aN dae ds Caspase dba 76 Figure 75 IES GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 4 Engineering measurements 77 Figure 76 IES GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 5 Engineering measurements 77 Figure 77 IES GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 6 Engineering mea
43. e despiked using the slope method either method will work on pressure and temperature hand editing of spikes can also be performed 13 Step 3 Initial Detiding calculates and removes tides from the pressure record despiked but still containing drift using a FORTRAN program called RESPO for Step 4 Dedrifting fits and removes drift from the pressure record uses MATLAB optimization toolbox if available Step 5 Final Detiding adds the tides to the dedrifted pressure record and then recalculates the tides stores the amplitude and phase of the user requested major tidal constituents Step 6 Velocity Processing if CPIES calculates hourly averages of the velocity components and temperature Step 7 Lowpass Filtering applies a Butterworth filter to all variables using user specified parameters requires MATLAB signal processing toolbox chops beginning and end of records to remove startup transients interpolates output time series to be on the hour Step 8 Plotting produces 3 standard plots of final products 14 PIES CPIES Processing Flowchart Inputs tau prs tmp 1 Windowing and Hourly Values Prs tau tmp 2 Despike Tau tmp 3 Initial Detide Pas 4 P TS 4 Dedrift P TS il E TS DC 5 Final Detide tie IF CPIES u v cmtmp ds 6 Velocity Processing cmtmp equilibration cmtmp u v despiking u v cmtmp h h
44. e lower left of the IES_GUIDRIVER window Figure 36 v IES GUIDRIVER X Clock Drift minutes i Time Offset minutes mm Travel Time Processing Method y Di Semi Di 3 lags Raw DAT file Directo SD A PA TERING PARAMETERS Butterworth Filter Order utoff Period days Output Time Interval days Figure 36 Example IES_GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing Step 3 initial detiding only There is no further user input for this step The RESPO for program creates a detailed log file with the filename derived from the site designator ending with tidelog e g Sitel tidelog which is written to the wrkspc subdirectory If your data contains gaps larger than the threshold default 24 hours this step performs the tidal analysis on the longest segment of the time series Then the calculated weights are passed to RESPO for and the tide is predicted for the full record A second log file is created with fullrecord tidelog as part of the name The IES GUIDRIVER and MATLAB windows will show Finished and End of Processing respectively The Site 1 mat file Figure 37 now contains the detided pressure data Sitel prs the time series of the predicted tide Site 1 tide and the tidal amplitudes Sitel amplitude and phases Sitel phase extracted from the separate log file created by 48 the RESPO program Site1 tidelog Figure 38 lists amplitudes in dbar and phases in degrees calculated for the Site
45. ectory Write MAT file Directory Bliley coefficients BO B1 B2 and B3 obtained from the IES engineer NOTE the Bliley coefficients must be entered manually To load the Paroscientific conversion coefficients entered into the IES at set up i e from the FXXX_ DAT file press the button Load Coefficients from DAT This will cause the coefficients UO Y1 Y2 Y3 C1 C2 C3 D1 D2 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 and Prs and Tmp Offset to be read from the FXXX_ DAT file Values can then be verified against the coefficients provided by Paroscientific and edited if necessary in the GUI window Otherwise manually enter these conversion coefficients Example values for 076_1 are shown in Figure 13 23 w IES GUIFREQ2MAT mene tdata dynamics manual data raw data P1 076 Hdata dynamics manual data mat data EE 28651 01 30 06056 5 842585 849 084 1 538404 102120 3964 547 85207 59 58 33088 DE 10588 88 Figure 13 Example IES GUIFREQ2MAT window after coefficients loaded Press Run The program plots the converted temperature and pressure data and then saves the data to a file called PXXX_ mat which can be used by IES GUIDRIVER Save the plots by pressing the Save Plots as EPS files button The plots will be equivalent to Figures 2 pressure and 3 temperature output by IES GUIDAT2MAT and shown in Appendix A Figure 71 and Figure 73 To terminate this program press the Quit button in the upper right of the IES
46. ep 2 despiking Step 3 initial detiding Step 4 dedrifting Step 5 final detiding Step 6 velocity processing if CPIES Step 7 lowpass filtering Step 8 plotting IES GUIDRIVER creates two subdirectories wrkspc and figs if not already created by IES_GUIDAT2MAT in the Write Directory e g GOM mat_data wrkspc and GOM mat_data figs The wrkspc subdirectory holds intermediate MATLAB workspaces created by IES_GUIDRIVER as well as a tide log generated during detiding The figs subdirectory holds the final figures created during plotting Step 8 The mat files produced by IES_GUIDAT2MAT listed in Table 2 are the input data sets for IES_GUIDRIVER At various steps the MATLAB workspace is saved e g in the wrkspc subdirectory WindowedXXX_ mat is saved after the windowing step DespikedXXX_ mat is saved after the despiking step etc In general you will not need to use these intermediate MATLAB workspaces WindowedXX X_ mat DespikedX XX_ mat However do not delete them since they allow you to process the data starting at any step not just step 1 For example it is common to iterate and improve drift removal after all the IES data sets have been processed IES GUIDRIVER creates a log file documenting which steps were carried out and the processing parameters specified Information is appended to this log file after 27 each processing step NOTE If you start over at an intermediate step
47. es of additional plots generated by IES_GUIDAT2MAT for currents CPIES Only isacescvvesdsnsasvacesvscevcsiasvencecsvenssesensecenanesdecsagdecsegavs sesunseveesvsvscesetacvees 81 Appendix C Response Analysis of Tides ccssssccssssscssssscssssccssscccssscsssssscsssssssencees 83 CI TON are 83 C 2 Tidal Prediction Ophonsssssv2aS ss 85 List of Figures Figure I Recommended directory tree Structure eee eeseceseceseeeeseecaeceeeeeeeeeaeeesaeens 10 Figure 2 Default IES GUIDAT2MAT window cee eee esseceseceeeeeeneecaeceaeesseeeeaeeenaeees 12 Figure 3 Default IES GUIDRIVER window ca scs0 0se2 cas donsgeckcessaasencas teaeetigne eesacs dh eeaadeass 13 Figure 4 IES Data Processing Floweharta2sssmdseseepent de keen koanafet 15 Figure 5 Example IES GUIDAT2MAT window READY State 17 Figure 6 Example IES_GUIDAT2MAT window FINISHED State oo eee 18 Figure 7 Example TXXX_ mat file Contents nda g ated eating waediaae 19 Figure 8 Example PXXX_ mat file Contents amamansnnsmirnmeevst 19 Figure 9 Example EX KK 5 mal file cComtenis agoda legatet 19 Figure 10 Example FXXX_ mat file contents sorrononnnnrnnnrnnvnrnenvnnnnnnenrnsevrnsnvnnnnrnvvrerenn 20 Figure 11 Example CXXX_ mat file contents CPIES only rarorrnvvnrnrnnvvrvenvnrrnrnvvrerenr 20 Figure 12 Default IES GUIFREQ2MAT window ronornnnvnvnrnvevrvenvnnnnrnvnrnsevrnsnvnnnrnsvresenn 23 Figure 13 Example IES_GUIFREQ2MAT window after coefficients loaded 24 Fi
48. essing option Di Semi Di Mf Mssa calculates the fortnightly and longer period tides The predicted fortnightly and longer period tides output by RESPO have been compared with results from harmonic analysis and are computed correctly However the phases and amplitudes returned by RESPO for these constituents are incorrect at this time There appears to be a bug in the RESPO subroutine which returns the phases and amplitudes for the fortnightly and longer period tides Work is ongoing to resolve this problem for the next version of the IES processing package To begin detiding enter the IES serial number and file index e g 076_1 and initialize the IES GUIDRIVER window Change the upper right pull down menu to Step 3 Begin at Initial Detiding If you are running the steps consecutively rather than all in one run the second pull down menu automatically changes to Stop before Dedrifting If you have restarted IES_GUIDRIVER you will need to change the second step from End of processing to Stop before Dedrifting The values for some of the parameters are replaced with blanks in the GUI However the values set previously are retained NOTE The value for the pressure gap threshold for tides maximum allowable data gap size that 47 can be linearly interpolated before performing the tidal analysis was likely set in Step 1 see middle of the IES_GUIDRIVER window in Figure 15 The default value is 24 hours Press the button Begin Processing in th
49. f Clock Drift minutes SVs Travel Time Processing Method F Write Directory CAASTTE Data MAT 00 Raw DAT file Directo Di Semi Di 3 lags 7 Owy p AS chy DAD E RS Butterworth Filter Order utoff Period days Output Time Interval days See aay OS Waiting to Begin Figure 3 Default IES GUIDRIVER window Step 1 Windowing and Hourly values windows to remove large data spikes selects representative travel time for each hour using modified quartile recommended median or specialized methods calculates mean hourly values for pressure and temperature identifies on bottom records between launch and release command eliminates pressure and temperature records prior to the internal temperature reaching equilibrium with surroundings assigns the mid sample time for each variable in decimal days relative to January 1 0000 UT of launch year checks for missing samples and fills the gaps with NaNs e g during telemetry operations Step 2 Despiking identifies data spikes using Slope or Tukey methods and replaces them with interpolated values slope method identifies measurements that change more rapidly from the preceding value by more than the specified rate tolerance Tukey method performs median filters on the time series and identifies values that differ from the filtered record by the specified tolerance as outliers requires the MATLAB signal processing toolbox travel times can only b
50. g beginning of temperature time series with user selected points to omit shown in red ou lee eeeeeeseecneeeeeeeeeeeeenees 39 Figure 27 Example Site 1 mat file contents after Step 1 windowing and hourly values 40 Figure 28 Example processing log after Step 1 windowing and hourly values 40 Figure 29 Example IES_GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing Step 2 EEE EE SER RE EN 41 Figure 30 Example IES_GUIDESPIKE window showing data before despiking top 42 Figure 31 Example IES_GUIDESPIKE window showing data before top and after d spiking 00000 ysies icre ES EERE ag 43 Figure 32 Example IES_GUIDESPIKE window showing expanded view for hand editing e EE lea 44 Figure 33 Example IES_GUIDESPIKE window showing data before top and after hand editing bottom sseni e eiiis a EEEE E EEE AE RAE EA E EERE 44 Figure 34 Example Site1 mat file contents after Step 2 despiking errrrrrrrrvnrrrrnrernree 45 Figure 35 Example processing log after Step 2 despiking rrrrrrrrrrvnrrrrvnrrrrnnnrrrerenrreeer 45 Figure 36 Example IES_GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing Step 3 rare ol sos 48 Figure 37 Example Site 1 mat file contents after Step 3 detiding nrnrnrnnnvrronvrnnrnvrnrrnr 49 Figure 38 Example Site 1 mat tidal phases and amplitudes rsoornnvnrnnvnnvrnnvvrvenvnnnrnvvrernr 49 Figure 39 Example processing log after Step 3 initial detiding rrrrorrrrorrrrvrrrrrvrerrrrne 50 Figur
51. gure 14 Example ImtGuiDriver dat fil s 3 4 566 ae 26 Figure 15 Example IES_GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing ALL SUG PIS oe sec E T a E E ET 29 Figure 16 Example IES_GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing Step 1 01 EE EE SE A E KN E SE 31 Figure 17 Figure window generated by Step with full range of tau measurements 32 Figure 18 Example IES GUITAULIMITS window rernnvrnvvrnvvvrrenvnnnnrnvnrnsevrnsnvnnsnrnevrasenn 32 Figure 19 Example IES GUITAULIMITS window with refined tau bounds 33 Figure 20 Example IES_GUITAULIMITS window with reduced Y axis range 34 Figure 21 Figure window generated by Step 1 with full range of pressure measurements top and expanded view about mean value bottom sssssssssssessseessesesssesseseessee 35 Figure 22 Figure window generated by Step 1 showing full pressure time series after INTELL WING WIDE sonsha eiae i a E ate Le E h ETE E OS 36 Figure 23 Figure window generated by Step 1 with full range of temperature measurements top and expanded view about mean value bottom eee 37 Figure 24 Figure window generated by Stepl showing full temperature time series after Ua WELTON una pa ecole aS sac ae ave aA ade ade ene eaceas tee Saas 37 Figure 25 Figure window generated by Step 1 showing beginning of temperature time series with points to omit 12 hours after launch shown in red 38 Figure 26 Figure window generated by Step 1 showin
52. he GUI Figure 59 However in our example LOWPASS FILTERING PARAMETERS were specified during initialization Figure 16 as 4 3 and 0 5 from the defaults and the Gap Threshold was specified as 1 from the InitGuiDriver dat file where Ipgap 1 under the array variables see Figure 14 and have been retained for this step You do not need to re enter these parameters unless you want to change the values that were entered during initialization Press the button Begin Processing in the lower left of the IES_GUIDRIVER window Figure 14 NOTE If no values for the LOWPASS FILTERING PARAMETERS were ever specified a message will appear in the MATLAB window No lowpass filtering will be done The IES GUIDRIVER and MATLAB windows will show Finished and End of Processing respectively The Site llp mat file Figure 60 is created and contains the 67 lowpass filtered subsampled travel time temperature and pressure for a PIES For a CPIES the Ip mat file will contain the additional variables u v and cmtmp DCS temperature Figure 61 The log file will have appended the step 7 processing information listing the Butterworth Filter Order the Cutoff Period the Output Time Interval and the Gap Threshold for filtering Figure 62 gt gt gt gt load Sitellp mat gt gt Sitellp Sitellp tau 1x796 double taudd 1x796 double tmp 1x795 double tmpdd 1x795 double prs 1x795 double prsdd 1x795 double refyr 2004
53. hird earliest ping for the hourly tau value 30 Press the button Begin Processing in the lower left of the IES_GUIDRIVER window Figure 16 v IES GUIDRIVER o Stelo o Step 1 Process Record from Beginning 7 Stop before Despiking Di Semi Di 3 lags Figure 16 Example IES GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing Step 1 only The status button in the lower left of the IES GUIDRIVER window will change from Waiting to Begin to Running A figure window will appear Figure 17 showing a plot of the full range of tau measurements in seconds as a function of record number The first step is to specify an acceptable range of good tau counts to eliminate early and or late echo returns from being used during subsequent processing steps Position the crosshairs below the good tau counts near 3 2 seconds and click the mouse to select the lower bound Then reposition the crosshairs above the good tau counts and click the mouse again to select the upper bound Next THE IES_GUITAULIMITS window opens Figure 18 31 Figure 17 Figure window generated by Step 1 with full range of tau measurements Vv IES_GUITAULIMITS x Figure 18 Example IES_GUITAULIMITS window 32 In Figure 18 the blue dots are the raw tau measurements and the red line shows the resulting hourly tau values obtained with the upper and lower tau bounds shown in the upper right box of the GUI Upper Bound 3 46166 Lower Bound 2
54. hours processing will again be done on the longest segment as was done in Step 3 Initial Detiding Once the weights are calculated for the longest segment they are passed to RESPO for and the tide is predicted for the full record A second log file is created with fullrecord tidelog as part of the name whenever there are gaps greater than the threshold gt gt gt gt load Sitel gt gt Sitel Sitel tau 9607x1 double taudd 9607x1 double tmp 9588x1 double tmpdd 9588x1 double prs 9588x1 double prsdd 9588x1 double refyr 2004 comment 2x1 cell tide 9588x1 double amplitude 1x1 struct phase 1x1 struct drift 9588x1 double prsave 2 4229e 03 driftcoef 1x1 struct gt gt gt gt Sitel comment ans Created after final detiding prs prs tide drift Figure 47 Example Site1 mat file contents after Step 5 final detiding The log file will have appended step 5 processing information Figure 48 and state that the tidal coefficient amplitudes and phases were recalculated after drift removal KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK STEP 5 FINAL DETIDE processing run on 10 May 2006 13 25 46 Data gaps less than 24 hours will be interpolated before detiding Diurnal and semidiurnal tides removed Maximum Lags for Admittance 3 Tidal coefficient amplitudes and phases were recalculated after drift removal TktkkktkkkkkkkkkKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
55. ing from air temperature values followed by a rapid decrease as the instrument equilibrates to the value at the seafloor with a linear temperature for the remainder of the time series Zoom in on the linear portion to see the temperature stabilize approximately 24 hours after deployment e g Appendix A Figure 74 If the instrument is a CPIES Figure 4 will contain current speed current direction a vector stick plot and current meter temperature e g Appendix B Figure 82 The large y axis ranges shown by the default figure for the current speed and stick plot time series indicate that there may be bad data at the beginning of the record e g Appendix B Figure 83 This bad data may be removed from the time series during subsequent processing see Section 3 5 6 and Figure 54 Figure 5 will contain signal strength compass direction north and east tilt deg and ping count Appendix B Figure 84 Figures 4 6 PIES or 6 8 CPIES Engineering plots These are primarily used to assess instrument engineering performance e g Appendix A Figures 75 77 Figure 7 PIES or 9 CPIES Temperature Frequency in Hertz e g Appendix A Figure 78 Reducing the y axis range e g Appendix A Figure 79 should show a time series like that in Appendix A Figure 74 21 Figure 8 PIES or 10 CPIES Pressure Frequency in Hertz e g Appendix A Figure 80 Reducing the y axis range e g Appendix A Figure 81 should show a time series like that in A
56. le listed in Figure 14 as shown in Figure 15 Parameters not specified in InitGuiDriver dat will keep the default values of Figure 3 NOTE Once initialized and the first step has been run any value filled in as in Figure 15 will be retained for all subsequent processing steps and need not be specified again unless changes are desired 28 w IES GUIDRIVER IES serial number and file index uf Clock Drift minutes uss Travel Time Processing Method F Read Directory data dynamics GOM mat_data J ss Write Directory ddata dynamics GOM mat data Raw DAT file Directo i E Di Semi Di 3 lags 7 OW ERIN LAM PAS r PARAMETERS Butterworth Filter Order utoff Period days Output Time Interval days Figure 15 Example IES_GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing ALL steps Note that the default processing assumes that all steps will be carried out from beginning to end i e Figure 15 top right pull down menu shows Step 1 Process Record from Beginning and second pull down menu shows Process ALL Steps The user may choose to start and stop at other steps However the steps must be run sequentially they cannot be executed out of order For this discussion processing will be carried out one step at a time and the results of each step will be described before proceeding 3 5 1 Step 1 Windowing and Hourly Values This first step performs several tasks Based on the launch and release times s
57. lemetry option from a ship The IES processing package discussed in this report does not handle daily values and these data must therefore be processed separately if necessary The TELEM DAT file will not be discussed further in this manual Consult the IES User s Manual for a description of the TELEM DAT file On UNIX machines permissions for the raw data files listed in Table 1 and the raw data directory e g GOM raw_data P1_076 should be restrictive to prevent overwriting i e set read only permission for raw data directory and files 11 Chapter 2 Overview of IES Processing Run the two main processing programs in order IES_GUIDAT2MAT m IES GUIDRIVER m IES GUIDAT2MAT m is a GUI interface Figure 2 to easily input several parameters to the program IES DAT2MAT m which performs the following operations plots the raw data from the IES DAT files listed in Table land saves into mat files gives an initial look at the data rescales the units to typical values Each variable processed will be stored in a mat file corresponding to the DAT file name listed in Table 1 Y IES GUIDAT2MAT Figure 2 Default IES GUIDAT2MAT window IES GUIDRIVER m is a GUI interface Figure 3 to easily input many parameters to IES DRIVER m which performs up to eight processing steps from initial windowing through lowpass filtering see processing flowchart in Figure 4 12 w IES GUIDRIVER IES serial number and file index u
58. me Offset minute PT Travel Time Processing Method Da not repr Read Directory datavdynamics GOM mat_datay Write Directory Zdata dynamics GOM mat dataf Raw DAT file Directory PT OWPAS IG PARAMET ERS Butterworth Filter Order utoff Period days Output Time Interval days Figure 63 Example IES_GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing Step 8 plotting only Three Figure windows will be generated The Figure I window for a PIES Figure 64 contains the hourly tau pressure and temperature time series from the final Site 1 mat file If the instrument is a CPIES the Figure 1 window Figure 65 contains the hourly tau pressure temperature u and v and DCS temperature time series from the final Sitel mat file The Figure 2 window Figure 66 is the same for both PIES and CPIES and provides a chronology of the pressure data processing showing from top to bottom the despiked pressure the tides the detided pressure with drift and the dedrifted pressure time series The Figure 3 window for a PIES Figure 67 contains the lowpass filtered subsampled tau pressure and temperature time series from the Sitellp mat file For a CPIES u v and DCS temperature are added to the Figure 3 window Figure 68 69 Figure 1 EX File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help a DFMS HK AQAHN DB E DH sH Hourly Data for Site Site1 w ho eee el 2 w O o Oo no Dh
59. metry PIES IES with optional pressure sensor URI University of Rhode Island UT Universal Time VATT Vertical Acoustic Travel Time Chapter 1 Introduction The Inverted Echo Sounder is an ocean bottom moored instrument that measures the vertical acoustic travel time round trip from the sea floor to the sea surface and back Bottom pressure temperature and current speed and direction are optional measured parameters IESs are configured to emit twenty four 12 KHz pings per hour in programmable bursts of 4 8 12 or 24 pings The time required for each ping to reach the surface and return is recorded within the instrument on removable type ATA compact flash memory cards 15 512 Mbyte capacity Data are stored in ASCII files as described in the IES User s Manual This report documents the processing steps carried out after data have been downloaded from a recovered instrument IES data can be processed on a variety of platforms running either Windows or UNIX operating systems with a processing package developed at URI GSO The current version of the processing software for Models 6 1 and 6 2 IES PIES CPIES instruments is IESpkg3 which uses MATLAB Version 7 The IES processing codes have been tested with Windows XP and Redhat Linux 9 operating systems The MATLAB signal processing toolbox is required to run the processing programs 1 1 Prior to Processing Setting up the Directory Structure To protect the integrity of raw data files the
60. n filter Subsequently the travel time measurements within each hourly burst are windowed with an asymmetric window about these fitted values Because a histogram of the travel time measurements during a typical hourly sample is skewed with more spread to the right of the mean i e toward longer travel times an asymmetric window from minus 100 counts 5 ms to plus 50 counts 2 5 ms is used to exclude more long taus than short taus from the data window The n measurements which fall within this asymmetric window are passed to the second stage of processing In the second stage the first quartile is found for the n travel time measurements in each hourly burst Next the n 6 travel times nearest the quartile value are averaged to obtain the final travel time for each hour For example if n 24 for hour A i e all samples in the hour are acceptable the hourly travel time will be an average of four measurements This averaging reduces the noisiness of the hourly values The median option is supplied because it is an easily understood statistical method However the median method will shift the hourly values to longer travel times and may create some false offsets The specialized option is provided to allow users the flexibility of creating their own method for selecting the appropriate hourly tau value The user should edit and modify IES_TTSPECIAL m for this purpose One example of another method is IES TT3RD m which selects the t
61. ng From this illustration it is apparent that C and C are associated with the diurnal and semi diurnal species of the harmonic analysis RESPO is set up to use these functions C and C as input at time lags of T k 48 hr k 1 0 1 Thus with the default case of n 2 Equation 3 is then truncated to YORD w k 48 C7 t k 48 4 lm 1 The 6 weights w7 k 48 hr m 1 2 k 1 0 1 are found from the overdetermined set of equations n t RACE EW Where C t C3 1 48 C t C3 t 48 C t 48 C t C3 t 48 And 84 w 48 w 0 w1 48 W w3 48 w3 0 ws 48 ee Go e Figure 85 Spherical harmonics corresponding to tidal amplitude functions These weights are applied to C7 to generate the predicted tide This is subtracted from the original data 77 t to give the residual tide C 2 Tidal Prediction Options Currently RESPO is set up to calculate the total gravitational potential LGAMMA 3 for the lunar and solar tidal constituents 85 Di Semi Di 3 lags Diurnal Semi Diurnal 3 lags BASECTRL_DS3 txt 2 3 ir 2 By De 2s 2 ir 24 3 48 0 48 25 Os 240 OG 037 PLO SL 5 ge Ga Oi ed S he tidedata txt VEIDE GN tidedataout txt SEIS 26 t Di Semi Di 5 lags Diurnal Semi Diurnal 5 lags BASECTRL_DSS txt 2 3 ir ay Be Dy 2 2 r 24 5 96 48 0 48 96 Dy Og 9270 04355 f Ort dy dg Lg Op 0 dy 15 dg tidedata
62. ngths forced to agree ll o Current Meter Temperature Despiking NaNs not replaced by despike 0 tolerance 0 00100 averaging length 5 Total records changed 1592 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK kesk End of Processing KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Figure 58 Example processing log after Step 6 velocity processing 65 3 5 7 Step 7 Lowpass filtering Residual pressure temperature and travel time are filtered using a Butterworth filter from MATLAB s Signal Processing Toolbox and subsampled The Butterworth filter design is known for its characteristic sharp monotonic transition between flat pass and stop bands with a minimum of coefficients The Butterworth is also well known and used regularly in the oceanographic field The filtering is done twice once forward and once in the reverse direction Three parameters control lowpass filtering Butterworth Filter Order default 4 Cutoff Period days default 3 days Output Time Interval days default 0 5 days Transients at the records ends are reduced by removing a linear ramp generated from the first and last points of the series before filtering The same linear ramp is added after filtering To avoid contamination by startup transients data at each end of the filtered series are discarded The amount of data discarded is one third of the cutoff period After filtering the time series is interpolated onto the output time inte
63. nt processing will proceed as described in Chapter 3 12 References Fields E K Tracey and D R Watts 1991 Inverted echo sounder data processing report University of Rhode Island GSO Tech Rept No 91 3 150 pp Munk W H and D E Cartwright 1966 Tidal spectroscopy and prediction Phil Trans Roy Soc London 259 533 581 Watts D R and H Kontoyiannis 1990 Deep ocean bottom pressure measurements Drift removal and performance J Atmos Ocean Technol 7 296 306 Acknowledgments The MATLAB IES processing codes described in this manual have evolved from earlier versions created by Douglas Mitchell and Charles James Mark Wimbush wrote the Respo for program used for tidal analysis and helped implement it for our application We gratefully acknowledge these programming efforts This research program has been sponsored by the National Science Foundation under grants numbers OCE00 95572 and OCE02 21008 the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014 02 1 0271 the US Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service and Science Applications International Corporation under contracts 4400061089 and 4400099204 and by the US Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service and Evans Hamilton Inc under contract 01440 73 Appendix A Example plots generated by IES_GUIDAT2MAT for PIES vy Figure 1 EX File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help a DZMS N AQNHDSE IDH sI3
64. panding x in surface spherical harmonics The predicted tide is expressed as a filter acting on the complex valued time varying amplitudes of the spherical harmonic functions representing the equilibrium tidal potential y t Re gt yy w z C t t 3 n 2 m 0 The indices n and m are the degree and order of the surface spherical harmonic functions C t which replaces x is the set of time varying amplitudes of the corresponding spherical functions The w which replace are the complex weights associated with C t Using the data to be detided 77 t the weights w are found by solving the over determined set of equations such that the difference between the data and the predicted tide 77 t y is minimized in a least squares sense 83 The equilibrium tidal potential for a mass M whose center of mass is at distance P from the point of observation is V t GM 8 ep Where V t is the gravitational potential due to mass M G is the gravitational constant and g is local gravity Typically ninety nine percent of the gravitational tidal variance can be explained with the equilibrium tidal potential due to the masses of the moon and sun represented by just the C and C n 2 m 1 2 amplitude functions The spherical harmonics corresponding to C and C are illustrated as viewed down the axis of rotation in Figure 85 The plus sign represents bulging relative to the geoid the minus sign flatteni
65. pecified in the IES_GUIDRIVER window it identifies which records were collected while the instrument was on the bottom It assigns a time base for each variable in decimal days relative to January 1 0000 UT of the launch year It checks for missing samples during telemetry operations and fills the gaps with NaN values It selects a representative travel time for each hour using modified quartile median or specialized methods It calculates mean hourly values for pressure and temperature With user 29 interaction it removes large spikes and eliminates pressure and temperature records prior to the internal temperature reaching equilibrium with surroundings After initialization keep Step 1 Process Record from Beginning for the upper pull down menu but change the second pull down menu to Stop before Despiking Figure 16 Specify the Travel Time Processing Method Quartile default median specialized or do not reprocess using the pull down menu in the middle of the IES GUIDRIVER window We recommend using the Quartile method which tracks the clean sharp leading edge of the raw travel time measurements well Using this method each hourly burst of tau measurements are passed through two stages of windowing to eliminate outliers and to reduce the noise in the hourly values In the first stage the measurements in each burst are sorted and the first quartile value is calculated These hourly values are then smoothed with a 4 hour media
66. ponse method are given in Appendix C A pull down menu provides three tidal prediction options in the IES_GUIDRIVER window Di Semi Di 3 lags default Di Semi Di 5 lags Di Semi Di Mf Mssa 5 lags where Di refers to diurnal Semi Di to semi diurnal Mf to lunisolar fortnightly and Mssa to solar semi annual The tidal prediction option to use depends on the length of the pressure time series Table 3 provides recommended guidelines for choosing the tidal prediction option from the pull down menu 46 Record length Tidal Prediction Option lt l year Di Semi Di 3 lags gt I year and lt 2 years Di Semi Di 5 lags lt 2 years Di Semi Di Mf Mssa 5 lags Table 3 Record Length for Tidal Prediction Options Di Semi Di Mf Mssa 5 lags may be used for records as short as 1 5 years but it is crucial that the instrumental drift be accurately estimated and removed A warning statement will be written to the processing log if the record length is shorter than 1 5 years and the user opted to remove the fortnightly and semi annual tides Currently these options calculate the total gravitational potential for the lunar and solar tidal constituents In the future an option may be added to calculate the sun s radiational potential Listings of the files associated with the three tidal prediction options are included in Appendix C 2 as well as a description of the file contents Warning The third proc
67. ppendix A Figure 72 NOTE Each time the Save plots as EPS files button is pressed the EPS files are overwritten with the current figures Axis limits will reflect whatever appears in the Figure window at the time the button is pressed To complete this step press the Quit button in the lower right corner of the IES_GUIDAT2MAT GUI window or X in the upper right corner Figure 6 3 3 IES GUIFREQ2MAT IES GUIFREQ2MAT is the GUI interface to easily input parameters to IES FREQ2MAT m IES_FREQ2MAT is provided to calculate pressure in dbar and temperature in degrees C from the recorded frequencies in Hertz using the conversion coefficients supplied by Paroscientific Inc IES GUIFREQ2MAT will not normally be needed in routine processing since IESs are configured to internally convert pressure and temperature frequencies to scientific units which are then downloaded to the PXXX_ DAT file listed in Table 1 However there may be circumstances where you need to run this program the wrong Paroscientific calibration coefficients were loaded into the IES when the instrument was set up the temperature sensor fails and you want to recover pressure data To execute this program type the following at the MATLAB prompt gt gt IES GUIFREQ2MAT The default IES GUIFREQ2MAT window will appear as in Figure 12 22 w IES GUIFREQ2MAT Figure 12 Default IES GUIFREQ2MAT window Enter IES Serial number and file index Raw DAT file Dir
68. rocessing sssesssssesssvsvsssvnesssvnesssnnesssnnessssnesssnsesnsnsessssenene 12 Chapter 3 Step by Step Processing esessesvsesnsvsesnsvesssesnsnsesnnnsvensssnenssnesnsnsesnsnneenssneenene 16 3 1 fitroduehonuunssgaessfornnsdrreaetudre ae ea gaas se 16 322 IES GUIDA PMA T renro spunnin an a N E R ARR 16 3 3 IES_GUIFREQ2MAT ae 22 3 4 InitGuiDriver dat Parameter File Setup orrrrrrrrrrrronvrrrovrrrnsvrrrnrnrrrrrnnrrennr 25 SS TES GUDRDER ve 27 3 5 1 Step 1 Windowing and Hourly Values rronrronnrnrrrnnvrrronrvennrnrrrrrrnnvennne 29 3 5 3 Step 3 Initial Detrdins 5 ice ede sa acts ae casein ve cus Se os sds onsen AG 46 3 5 4 Step 4 Ded rifting knee oe Gesighs ace een aie oh een 51 3 5 5 Step 5 Final Detiding assis shins 2 acste ssase sats saad ais EEG es 57 3 5 6 Step 6 Velocity Processing rrrrrrrnnvrrronvrrrnnvrrrnnvrrrnnnrrnnnvrrrnnnrrssnvrrsrnrsssnnnne 59 3 5 7 Step 7 Lowpass filtering sorrronnvornrorvrrronrronnrrrnrnrrrrrerrrennvnrnnnerrnsenseennee 66 J5S S16P 8 Plotinoren rini i EEEE E E R 69 Chapter 4 IES_GUIDRIVER Special Cases e sseeesooessocsssccssccesocesooessoesssccssocesocesooseso 72 4 1 No Travel Time Data usa Se 12 LISLE PRAAT T EE EE E EOE ERAT 73 Acknowl d ments sscseisnssssacenasvenasscscesavwdedevaedsecuadsvdassiaveceyuancpessexadengnsaavneevuvsedsavensevcsbereveay 73 Appendix A Example plots generated by IES_GUIDAT2MAT for PIEG 74 Appendix B Exampl
69. rval To begin enter the IES serial number and file index e g 076_1 and press the Initialize button in the GUI window Change the upper right pull down menu to Step 7 Begin at Lowpass Filtering If you are running the steps consecutively the second pull down menu automatically changes to Stop before Plotting If you have restarted IES GUIDRIVER you will need to change the second step from End of Processing to Stop before Plotting Figure 59 66 w IES GUIDRIVER IES serial number and file index 0764 Fe TE SiteDesignator J Site Launch time EE EE rc cr Release time a OE cc Clock Drift minutes 1 Time Offset minutes Travel Time Processing Method pg nat repr Read Directory Adatardynamics GoMimatdatal write Directory 1 data dynamics GOM mat data Raw DAT file Directory PM Di Semi Di 3 lags v r Ov ERIN AM p AS r DAD h FT ERS Butterworth Filter Order utoff Period days Output Time Interval days Figure 59 Example IES_GUIDRIVER window after initialization for processing Step 7 lowpass filtering only Parameters used by this step are those listed in the GUI as LOWPASS FILTERING PARAMETERS Butterworth Filter Order Cutoff Period and Output Time Interval Gap Threshold located in the lower right of the GUI window is also used Gaps less than this threshold will be interpolated before filtering default 2 days Note the values for these parameters are blank in t
70. s the v time series Figure 54 and subsequently shortens the u time series as well since u and v share the same time base However only the beginning and end of the u and v records are changed together A spike in the middle of a u record must be changed separately from a v spike DCS temperature may have a different time base than u and v and is also treated separately Default averaging length and tolerance for current meter temperature despiking are currently set at 5 and 0 1 deg Figure 55 These values are likely too large but again more experience is needed to adopt new defaults For comparison a tolerance of 001 deg is shown in Figure 56 Click Finished in the IES_GUIDESPIKECM window when satisfied with all three time series The IES_GUIDRIVER and MATLAB windows will show Finished and End of Processing respectively The Site2 mat file will now have added current meter variables u v cmtmp see Figure 57 The Site2 comment should include Created after Velocity Processing A summary of the step 6 processing should now be appended 62 to the log file including when the current meter temperature reached equilibrium the tolerances and averaging lengths used in despiking the number of spikes replaced and if the time series were truncated Figure 58 w IES GUIDESPIKECM Figure 54 Example of IES GUIDESPIKE CM window showing expanded view for V component hand editing 63 w IES GUIDESPIKECM Figure 55 Ex
71. series for a PIES 71 Iv Figure 3 J File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help a DZ3 WMS K AQNDS E IDB en Low pass Filtered Data for Site Site2 Tau sec s 4 ao 5 On ZN wo n p 00 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Days referenced to January 1 2004 ICS Temperature Coagbelty fem Japperature degfr ssure dbar Figure 68 Same as Figure 67 with addition of u v and DCS temperature for a CPIES It is recommended that you save and later print the three figures by pressing the button Save plots as EPS files in the center bottom of the GUI window Figure 63 Following our example the saved EPS filenames will have the syntax Sitel finalfigX eps for 076 1 Press the red Quit button in the lower right of the GUI window or X to exit Chapter 4 IES GUIDRIVER Special Cases 4 1 No Travel Time Data If the travel time file TXXX mat is missing the remaining data can still be processed with IES GUIDRIVER During Step 1 pressure and temperature limit selection will proceed as described in Chapter 3 starting at Figure 21 Without travel time data the program will read the instrument log file TESXXX LOG to find the travel time measurement interval Time bases for the other measurements will then be calculated using this travel time measurement interval The user will be prompted for the travel time measurement interval if it could not be read from the instrument log file Subseque
72. sing Each variable processed by this program will be output to a mat file corresponding to the original DAT file name listed in Table I e g the output file for GOM raw data P1 076 T076 1 DAT will be GOM mat data T076 1 mat IES DAT2MAT can be executed without the GUI interface In MATLAB run help on IES DAT2MAT for usage instructions 16 Start MATLAB typically MATLAB is started from the directory where you will store the mat files e g GOM mat_data At the MATLAB prompt type gt gt IES GUIDAT2MAT The default IES GUIDAT2MAT window will appear as in Figure 2 Carry out the following steps which result in the display shown in Figure 5 Replace 100 1 with the 3 digit IES serial number and file index which corresponds to the mission configuration e g 076 1 Enter the Raw DAT file directory Enter Write MAT file directory Note the pre selected radio buttons in the lower left Travel time Pressure Temperature and Engineering For CPIES toggle the appropriate Currents radio button either u v components or speed direction depending on how your instrument was configured prior to deployment not your post processing preference Note however the output mat file will contain both types of data u v components and speed direction If you are uncertain of the CPIES setup most instruments manufactured after January 2004 have been configured for the u v components option Toggle the Frequency radio button Press
73. ssing showing beginning of DCS temperature time series with points to omit shown in red Next the despiking GUI window appears Figure 51 The variables u v and current meter temperature can be despiked using either the slope or Tukey methods similar to step 2 for despiking temperature and pressure The default averaging lengths and tolerances for u and v are 5 and 5 For IES 102_1 no spikes are replaced with these defaults for either u or v Figure 52 and Figure 53 However more experience with current meter processing is needed before the defaults will be changed 60 w IES GUIDESPIKECM Figure 52 Example IES GUIDESPIKE CM window showing U component data before top and after despiking bottom 61 IES GUIDESPIKECM Ose Se QQMo0 e2 08 en 7 Data before despiking V component Averaging length Tolerance Method Slope ITukey53 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 asn snn Hand edit Reset plot Run Despike Data after despiking 10 Number of NaNs 0 Spikes replaced 0 Finished Figure 53 Example IES_GUIDESPIKE window showing V component data before top and after despiking bottom Close examination of Figure 53 shows some spikes that should be hand edited similar to hand editing in Step 2 It is not uncommon to need to edit a few points at the beginning and end of the record Hand editing of the v component at the beginning of the time series shorten
74. surements 78 Figure 78 IES_GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 7 Temperature Frequency Hz 78 Figure 79 IES GUIDAT2MAT Figure 7 Temperature Frequency Hz with reduced y ARIS MATES EE SE EEE Wass maa EE SE 79 Figure 80 IES GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 8 Pressure Frequency H2 rrrrrorrnnr 79 Figure 81 IES GUIDAT2MAT Figure 8 Pressure Frequency Hz with reduced y axis US GE Ne 80 Figure 82 IES GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 4 for CPIES ronvnnnnvnnvrnnvvrrenvrnvnrnvvrerenr 81 Figure 83 IES GUIDAT2MAT Figure 4 with reduced y axis limits for CPIES 82 Figure 84 IES GUIDAT2MAT default Figure 5 for CPIES ranvnnnnvnnnrnrvvrrenvnnvnrnvvrevenr 82 Figure 85 Spherical harmonics corresponding to tidal amplitude functions ervoorvrerrnn 85 Figure 86 Description of contents of Tidal Prediction Option Files 87 List of Tables Table 1 Raw data files downloaded from IES 1 assented eases eka ead eat 11 Table 2 Data files generated by IES GUIDAT2MAT rrnnnnnnrnnvnnnenvnnnnvnvnrnnevrvsnennrnrnvvrerenn 18 Table 3 Record Length for Tidal Prediction Options ervrnnnrnnvvrvrnvnnnnrnvvrnrvvrrenvnnnnnnvvrerenn 47 Table 4 Tidal Constituents Provided by Default Processing orrrrrrnrnnrrrrvnrrrrvnrrrrnnenrrner 50 List of Acronyms CPIES IES with optional current meter and pressure sensor DCS Doppler Current Sensor TES Inverted Echo Sounder GSO Graduate School of Oceanography PDT Pulse Delay Tele
75. ter and increasing TolX in the OPTIMSET box may help Use the toolbar to zoom in on the beginning of the pressure record in the left panel to examine the fit Figure 43 You can constrain the values of the A B C and D coefficients to fall within certain limits For each coefficient you can specify upper and lower limits For example if you believe that a linear fit better describes the entire record change the upper and lower limits of A or B to zero in the IES GUIDEDRIFT2EXP window and press Fit Drift again The Fitted Values should then be zero 54 V IES GUIDEDRIFT2EXP X HA Figure 43 Example IES GUIDEDRIFT2EXP window showing expanded view of data prior to fitting drift left and after drift removed right Press the Finish button The IES GUIDEDRIFT2EXP window will close and the IES GUIDRIVER and MATLAB windows will show Finished and End of Processing respectively The Site1 mat file Figure 44 now contains the dedrifted pressure data Sitel prs the time series of the drift Site 1 drift and the drift coefficients Sitel driftcoef The Sitel structure comment will read Created after dedrifting prs prs tide drift Figure 44 and the values of the drift coefficients are appended to the log file Figure 45 55 Sital tau taudd tmp tmpdd prs prsdd refyr Comment tide ampli tude phase drift prsave driftcoef 9607x1 9607x1 9588x1 9588x1 9588x1 9588x1 2004 9588x1
76. time offset Next type in the parameters specific to each instrument e g launch release clockdrift rawdir The keyword psn begins the list for a particular instrument There should be no spaces in the value entered for siteid Spaces will be replaced with the underscore character Consult the deployment recovery cruise log sheets for the values of launch release and clockdrift Clock drift should be entered in minutes however equations are allowed e g for 076_1 from the recovery log sheet a clock drift of 14 seconds can be entered as 14 60 minutes see Figure 14 TimeOffset is typically zero and it is recommended that the default value zero be entered with the array parameters Figure 14 However if there are multiple instruments at the same site one will have a time offset with the offset value listed on the cruise log sheets Enter the TimeOffset for the second instrument at a site with its parameters see timeoffset entry for psn 090_1 in Figure 14 Including timeoffset 0 with the array entries prevents a non zero value being inadvertently applied in a case of no time offset 25 SPossible parameters to specify PSN IES serial number and file index SITEID is an alternate name to use for the final output mat files If not specified then the unfiltered records will be stored in PIESPSN mat and the filtered records in PIESPSNlp mat oe oe oe oe launch is time
77. ure and Temperature radio button in the lower left optional Do this if you think you may need raw frequency data in Hertz at a later time Press the button on the right side of the GUI window Begin File Conversions Y ES GUIDAT2MAT arse 076_1 idata dynamics GOM raw_data P1_076 idata dynamics GOM mat_data Figure 5 Example IES_GUIDAT2MAT window READY State 17 MATLAB will then create figures and mat files according to the selected variables A maximum of 8 10 for CPIES Figure windows and 4 5 for CPIES mat files listed in Table 2 may be created File Contents TXXX_ mat Travel time data EXXX_ mat Engineering data FXXX_ mat Unconverted pressure and temperature frequency data in Hertz CXXX_ mat Acoustic Doppler current meter data CPIES only Table 2 Data files generated by IES_GUIDAT2MAT PXXX_ mat Pressure and temperature data On the right side of the GUI window FINISHED now replaces READY Figure Y IES GUIDAT2MAT Hdata dynamics GOM raw data P1 076 Hdata dynamics GOM mat data Figure 6 Example IES GUIDAT2MAT window FINISHED State 18 The variables contained in the output mat files listed in Table 2 are shown in Figure 7 T076 1 mat travel time variables Figure 8 P076_1 mat pressure and temperature variables Figure 9 E076 1 mat engineering variables Figure 10 F076 1 mat frequency variables pressure and temperature Figure
78. when instrument was launched and specified as year month day hour minute This information can be found the log sheet from the launch cruise releas is the time when the release command was sent on the recovery cruise It is specified as year month day hour minute ClockDrift is the amount of time in minutes that the internal oe clock drifted during the deployment period If drift exceeds 1 minute per year the 1 hour sampling interval is adjusted Otherwise the start time is shifted Default 0 oe oe oe ReadDir is the directory containing the input mat files WriteDir is the directory where intermediate and final mat files are saved RawDir is the directory containing the raw DAT files Default pwd LPGap is the maximum allowable pressure data gap size that can be oe linearly interpolated before lowpass filtering Records containing larger than this threshold will be separated into segments and the filtering will be run on each portion separately Default 2 days TideGap is the maximum allowable data gap size that can be linearly interpolated before performing the tidal analysis Records containing gaps larger than this threshold will be separated into segments and the tidal analysis run on each od oe oe oe ode de oe portion separately Default 24 hours sampT is the sample interval for filtered output in days

Inverted Echo Sounder Data Processing Manual

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