Two Old Women Study Guide - Alaska Native Knowledge Network
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1. Illustrations you need a full page and full color illustration on your cover Remember not to cover up your heading You also need one small color illustration to illustrate each page Your illustrations should make your information more clear to the reader the way illustrations function in a textbook J wo Old Women Study Guide Chapter Name Focus Inferring Language Arts Period Date CLASS ACTIVITY Brainstorm questions you could ask Sa and Ch idzigyaak about survival WHAT IS INFERRING Think about this how do you know when someone has a crush on you without them actually asking you out What sorts of things do they do that gives them away Be prepared to share your answer with the class Understand interpret and figure out are all synonyms for the word infer Inferring is what you do when you interpret the actions of someone who has a crush on you Inferring is basically the process of your brain making sense of the information Inferring is what happens when you use information to figure out things about characters that an author doesn t tell you right away Check out the items below Decide if the item includes inferring or not Put I in the blanks next to the items that show inferring Leave the blank empty if there is no inferring in the item 1 Young people gathered around elders to listen to stories 2 After being punished for questioning authority Shruh Zhuu decided it was better to k2. value being honored or Explain how the plot shows the value being honored list on the back of this page ignored in Two Old Women or ignored abascan Traditional Values Self sufficiency and hard work Respect for elders and others Care provision for family Honoring ancestors Family relationships and unity Experiences Love for children Respect for the land and nature Village cooperation and responsibility to village Spirituality Practice of Alaska Native Traditions Humor Honesty and fairness Sharing and caring Respect for knowledge and wisdom from life Alaska Native Values for the Curriculum Denakkanaaga Elder s Conference 1985 _ lt http www ankn uaf edu values athabaskan html gt 10 April 2005 TWO OLD WOMEN ALTERNATIVE ENRICHMENT TEACHING APPROACHES Approaches for pre reading reading and post reading of Two Old Women by Velma Wallis with an emphasis on using literature as a way to answer essential questions and with a prohibition on overteaching ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What is conflict How can conflict be resolved What do we learn from conflict PRE READING Get students in the frame of mind to experience the shocking conflict that opens Two Old Women by having them spelunk into what conflict is and or how it affects us as people and our entertainment Each of the following options has been designed toward the first essential question What is conflict but shades of the other two essential quest
3. J wo Old Women Study Guide Pre reading ntroduction Name Language Arts Period Date SURVIVAL On the surface Two Old Women by Velma Wallis is the story of two old women fighting to survive in the Alaskan wilderness so thinking about survival will help you get ready to read the book All living creatures have the desire to survive That desire can cause creatures including humans to do some extreme things in order to stay alive Here s a list of things a person might have to do and that many have done in order to survive in the Alaskan wilderness Put a checkmark in the blank next to the things you d be willing to do Eating raw meat Taking food away from another person to eat it yourself Drinking animal blood Eating food that has dropped on the ground ____ Taking items of use like knives or matches out of the pockets of a dead human body Killing eating a domestic animal like a dog ____ Drinking water from a stream __ Fating animal guts Warming your hands inside a recently dead still warm animal carcass Eating insects or worms Finding an animal that is already dead and eating it On pages xi to xiii at the very beginning of the book the author of Two Old Women Velma Wallis writes about why she chose to write down this traditional story How would writing down traditional stories be con nected to the survival of a culture Why isn t just telling the stories enough Watch Living from the Land and Sea What survi
4. TASKS Choose one of the following boxes to complete The recycling symbol is a triangle of Make a list of items then state what Find five words that are synonyms for arrows following each other Create a synthesis could come from the items synthesis and write them in a list symbol to represent synthesis Please answer the following questions in complete sentences Listen to Dorothy Savage Joseph discuss spring and her favorite foods from Season of Subsistence What ingredients does she say are synthesized into ice cream In Chapter 6 Daagoo experiences synthesis Recall the pieces of information Daagoo collected throughout the chapter What did Daagoo figure out after he d considered all the pieces of available information Now think about synthesis that Sa and Ch idzigyaak might experience By Chapter 7 what pieces of information do Sa and Ch idzigzaak have What synthesis could result from those pieces of information Now please read Chapter 7 to see what synthesis is experienced by Sa and Ch idzigyaak J wo Old Women Study Guide Chapter 8 Name Focus Review A C T I V E Strategies Language Arts Period Date CLASS DISCUSSION QUESTION What synthesis did Sa and Ch idzigyaak experience in Chapter 7 TODAY S TASK Please read Chapter 8 and choose one A C T I V E Reading Strategy to use to respond to the text Except for the inference chart you should complete your chosen assignment on a se
5. and Ch idzigyaak have in this chapter Be prepared to share your answer with the class CLASS ACTIVITY VISUALIZATION Imagine your favorite food What does it look like You just visualized Visualization is the process of imagining things and the ability to visualize has a lot to do with whether or not you understand and enjoy what you are reading You use visualization skills in other areas too Listen to Song of the Snow Geese Flying Over the Mouth of the Yukon What does the song lead you to visualize TODAY S TASK Quick Draw Read the phrases from Chapter 5 and draw a quick sketch of what you visualize from them in the boxes provided 1 feisty little squirrels 2 one of the women would snatch it with her net and end its life with a blow to the head 3 masses of flying pests i Now please read Chapter 5 When you re done reading choose to draw or give a written description of what you visualized while reading the different parts of the chapter Contain your answers in the boxes What would it be like to survive a winter with very little food and then have a summer with food all around you Why would you worry about a friend who went into the woods but didn t come back out for a long time L T wo Old Women Study Guide Chapter 6 Name Focus Research Date CLASS ACTIVITY Language Arts Period Practice visualization before reading Chapter 6 Look at your fingers Notice
6. d this message and do what it asks Be prepared to share your answer with the class Understanding something new often requires that you relate it to something you already know This is called creating connections There are several ways to create connections to text that you read even if it seems like the text has absolutely nothing to do with you Check out the names of different types of connections below Discuss with a neighbor how you think each connection might work After you re done guessing you ll be given information about each connection so that you can see how close your guesses were CONNECTION INFORMATION ABOUT THE CONNECTION Text People Text History Text Text Text Self Text World CLASS ACTIVITY Please read pages 17 and 18 in Two Old Women Then watch Indian Pete What sort of connection do you see between the two sources TODAY S TASK Finish reading Chapter 2 and complete the Connection Tic Tac Toe over CONNECTION TIC TAC TOE Choose three connections across EXAMPLE CONNECTION From Chapter 1 Name down or diagonal like winning rows in a game of Tic Tac Toe to complete Do not complete more than one row Include the Text to People When the two old women get aban Language Arts Period events from Chapter 2 that make up the connection and your doned it s like when a sports team has to cut a explanation of the connection The example connection from player The player is left out of the group li
7. doesn t look like what you wanted check the web address in the browser bar before you wave your hand around in the air and whine about how the computer Internet or website is broken WHERE TO LOOK Use the following sites to look for information about frostbite http www emedicinehealth com An online resource about diseases and conditions http www cdc gov The website for the Center for Disease Control and Prevention http health discovery com The website for Discovery Health Channel educational programming about diseases and conditions http www kidshealth org A family resource for health Now perform a Google Image Search by clicking the Images link in the top left corner of www google com and then typing in frostbite You Il use the images you see to complete the adjective section of your webquest answer sheet You only need to look at the first page but you can go fur ther if you wish wb he at ae wb ae chy he a Done researching COMPLETE THE WEBQUEST ANSWER SHEET aoc lt naan Cones amen pega neem Caan ee Ce Ce p 1 eo 1 1 o over a a es a a a FROSTBITE WEBQUEST ANSWER SAREI INSTRUCTIONS VA Name After you read about frostbite begin by writing your answers in the spaces provided l Please write in complete sentences and provide at least one specific detail per lt Language Arts Period answer K Date What is frostbite How do you prevent fr
8. eep his ques tions to himself 3 It s clear that the Athabascans value children since Two Old Women states that children fed second only to hunters 4 Sa killed a squirrel by throwing a hatchet at it 5 Ozhii Nelii hung her head and did not look her mother in the eye Watch Yup ik Soulja What can you infer about the dancers Now please listen to p p 45 50 of Two Old Women and be prepared to make some inferences about things from the story What can you infer about this sentence about Sa and Ch idzigyaak from pages 45 46 Finally they huddled together and stared as if hypnotized into the large orange blaze they ignited from the live coals carried from the first campsite I infer that What can you infer about this sentence about Sa from pages 47 48 Shrugging off the cold the pain in her sides her empty stomach and the numbness in her legs she struggled to get up and this time succeeded I infer that What can you infer about this sentence about Sa from pages 49 50 Sa felt a slight disappointment when Ch idzigyaak agreed to resume their journey wondering if deep within her she had hoped Ch idzigyaak would refuse to move I infer that TODAY S TASK Continue reading Chapter 4 please make more inferences over 1 What can you infer about these words about Sa on page 52 Sa stopped and suddenly felt weak It was with great effort that she stood on her
9. ions will probably arise OPTIONS Have students watch a few short cartoons Looney Tunes are usually good ones for conflict Have students identify who is in conflict and what they are in conflict over After a few rounds of that break students into groups to create definitions for conflict Wrap up with a class share of conflict definitions Have students watch Old Minto Camp What conflicts is the camp trying to prevent This is a good option for gifted students Have students explain how they know that movie characters are in conflict What lighting music cues are given What facial expressions and tones of voice are used by characters in conflict This is an good option for ELL students Provide a definition of conflict then ask students to predict conflicts that might occur in a book called Two Old Women Ask students to brainstorm conflicts that occur between the young and old What do students think about those con flicts are they inevitable between generations If so why How do the conflicts harm our society or how do those conflicts add to our society This is a good option for gifted students Ask students which conflicts arise most often in their communities or cultures Are those conflicts unique READING For each chapter a two pronged discussion question can both focus reading and serve as a review of chapter material Students should explain in class response writing through email as blog entries in class discus
10. ke the Date Chapter 1 shows what yours should look like _______ _ women were left by The People Text to World Text to Text Text to History Text to History Text to Self Text to World Text to People Text to History Text to Text J wo Old Women Study Guide Chapter b Name Focus Tracking Down Important Information Language Arts Period Date CLASS ACTIVITY Chapter 3 has the subtitle Recalling old skills Brainstorm two questions about the subtitle TODAY S TASK While survival is a part of Chapters 1 and 2 Chapter 3 is where details about what Sa and Ch idzigyaak do to survive become a bigger part of the story Pick out important survival information to create a survival manual First use two column notes to track down important survival information and examples from chapters 1 2 and 3 BIG IDEA Supporting details you may list only two so make them important Have appropriate l Equipment 2 Dress properly l 2 Keep your body 1 moving 2 Pay attention 1 2 Be determined to live 1 2A Now please use your notes to create an Alaskan survival manual Basics you need five pages and a cover Use three pieces of white typing paper folded in half to create six pages the first page is your cover Use only one side of each page Information you need one survival idea with supporting details on each page Your cover will include your full and correct language arts heading
11. ll discuss present their views on how Restorative Justice is a part of the conflict resolution in Two Old Women This is an especiallcultur ally responsive activity since Restorative Justice is a foundational idea in many of the world s cultures and ethnicities including America s First Nation cultures Have students outline the Sa and Ch idzigyaak Model of Conflict Resolution What would the two old women recom mend for conflict resolution An extension here for advanced eager gifted students would be to apply that model to a modern conflict Muslims vs Jews Haves vs Have Nots even rival sports teams Have students watch Our Very Own What does the film state that Alaska Natives have learned in conflicts over spoken languages
12. mm The conflict of forces and the struggle of opposing wills are of the essence of our universe and alone hold it together Havelock Ellis POST READING Once students have read the ending of Two Old Women discussions revolving around the second essential question how is conflict resolved can begin OPTIONS Have students identify the central conflict they see in the book Have them prove whether the conflict has been resolved or not Debate forum is a great way to keep the discussion lively and flowing Have students identify the means by which our modern era lifestyles resolve conflict How do our modern approaches to conflict resolution compare to how conflict is resolved in Two Old Women Which forms of conflict resolution cross cultures and times Do any Have students explore the basics of Restorative Justice the concept that wrongdoings are committed against individuals and communities rather than governments In Restorative Justice the person persons who has committed wrongdoing takes responsibility for his her their actions and the person persons who have been wronged take an active role in the justice process for example the wronged party may directly receive reparations or formal apologies from the offender Restorative Justice also includes a fellowship component after the consequences and healing process have been com pleted all parties celebrate with food the restoration that has taken place Ultimately students wi
13. ncounter The People that abandoned Sa and Ch idzigyaak The People are not in good shape They are sad hungry cold and frostbitten YOUR JOB Find the answers to these questions What is frostbite How do you prevent it If you do get it how do you treat it Is it gross Is it dangerous When you re all done checking out frostbite you get to decide whether or not The People deserved it for leaving Sa and Ch idzigyaak behind In other words research the facts and images then make a judgment call You ll also need to decide how you re going to use your new found information HOW TO RESEARCH Most websites have a search bar Start there Type in frostbite Be sure to spell the word correctly Then be sure to read the information the site presents Read carefully frostbite is the name of a G I Joe character and a movie among other things so be sure that the information you re researching is about frostbite the medical condition If the information sounds like a textbook you re probably in good shape If it sounds like it s trying to entertain you or sell you something be suspicious Remember that a computer is just like a phone It will produce results based on what you put into it If you dial the wrong number on a phone you won t get the person you wanted to talk to The computer is the same way If you do not enter a web address correctly it won t figure out what you meant to type If you get a website that
14. ostbite How do you treat frostbite How is frostbite dangerous Who is most at risk for frostbite Which body parts are most often affected by frostbite INSTRUCTIONS Complete this part after you do your image search Make a list of ten adjectives describing the images of gt frostbite MAKE THE CALL Did The People deserve frostbite as a punishment for leaving Sa and Ch idzigyaak behind Be sure to explain your opinion with specific details THINK How could you apply the information you have discovered about frostbite to your own life Provide a specific example J wo Old Women Study Guide Chapter 7 Name Focus Eureka Synthesis Language Arts Period Date CLASS ACTIVITY Visualize a dot to dot activity What do you see before you start connecting the dots What do you see once you ve made all the connections Synthesis is what happens when little things work together to produce something new And sometimes a synthesis is a surprising discovery Eureka Synthesis What possible synthesis would come from these things a block battery fan transmission and combustion chamber What possible synthesis would come from these things tomato sauce pepperoni flour yeast and cheese What possible synthesis would come from these things milk and bacteria What pieces can be synthesized to make a hamburger What pieces can be synthesized to make a coat What pieces can be synthesized to make a car TODAY S
15. parate piece of paper The assignments for each strategy are outlined below A Ask questions write seven open ended questions about the chapter and answer three of them N 5e Create four of the five kinds of connections text people text history text text text self text world T Track down the important information in the chapter by identifying the most important thing that each of the following characters learned or did in the chapter the chief The People as a group Sa Shruh Zhuu and Ch idzigyaak Make an inference using the chart Does the story indicate that What does the text say What do you think about So were The People wrong The People were wrong to about it it to leave Sa and Ch idzi leave Sa and Ch idzigyaak gyaak behind or does it teach that both sides needed to learn a lesson V Draw or provide a detailed written description of yourself as a member of The People Would you choose to be a hunter a child the chief an elder or a guide Remember to include in your drawing or de scription the details that would identify you as a hunter child chief elder or guide so that people would im mediately recognize your role in the group E Eureka You ve come to the end of the story Now create synthesis This story is made of many things including betrayal persistence survival courage and forgiveness What is the point What are all these things working together to communicate to
16. rgiveness and betrayal One good way to manage this participation is to provide something distinctive like a colored paper die cut shape for each student to use when he she is ready to contribute to the board Keep a running discussion strand concerning the new entries each day The tactile visual nature of this activity is especially suited to less proficient or reluctant readers TWO OLD WOMEN ALTERNATIVE ENRICHMENT TEACHING APPROACHES CONT Have students watch Gwich in Tribe Protects Caribou How are the Gwich in people working to resolve the conflict over the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Tried and true option use conflict quotes to spur chapter discussions A suggestion to really focus on conflict might be to discuss what opinion idea the quote presents then match the quote s opinion idea to a chapter Or ask students which of the quotes below best reflects their families community s or culture s approach to conflict Here are some good conflict quotes but a simple Internet search or extra credit assignment would produce many more When one burns one s bridges what a very nice fire it makes Dylan Thomas These are the times that try men s souls Thomas Paine All men have an instinct for conflict at least all healthy men Hilaire Belloc Conditions for creativity are to be puzzled to concentrate to accept conflict and tension to be born everyday to feel a sense of self Erich Fro
17. shaking legs I infer that 2 What can you infer about this sentence about Ch idzigyaak from page 56 Ch idzigyaak s mind when immediately to her daughter and grandson I infer that 3 What can you infer about this sentence about Ch idzigyaak s family from page 58 And they burned her body in case anyone thought of filling their bellies with her flesh I infer that 4 What can you infer about this sentence about Sa from page 59 She smiled at her memories I infer that 5 What can you infer about these sentences spoken by Sa on page 61 There were times when I brought more food than the men This did not seem to please them I infer that 6 What can you infer about this sentence about Sa from page 64 I talked to myself all the time I infer that 7 What can you infer about this sentence about Ch idzigyaak from page 71 Knowing that the birds were about to take flight Ch idzigyaak stopped for a few minutes to give them time to calm down I infer that 8 Now choose a sentence to make an inference about from pages 71 73 Copy the sentence and write the page number where it came from then write down what you infer about it T wo Old Women Study Guide Chapter 5 Name Focus Visualization Language Arts Period Date The subtitle of Chapter 5 is Saving a cache of fish What can you infer from the subtitle about what sort of luck Sa
18. sion etc what Sa and Ch izigyaak learn from the conflict in each chapter and what we as readers learn This discussion question is born from the third essential question what do we learn from conflict This is also a culturally responsive question for the Athabascan worldview in Two Old Women since the wisdom of elders is a vital cultural value for the Athabascan people and for many many other cultures as well A strand for gifted students might be an attempt at reconciling the fact that the Gwichin people in Two Old Women have abandoned their elders with the knowledge that respect for elders is an Athabascan cultural value This discussion strand will evolve and deepen through the novel and is appropriate to revisit at several points If further enrichment for chapter discussions is desired consider the following options to explore other facets of conflict OPTIONS Have students compare the different conflicts and conflict resolutions big and small central or not in chapters to events in a given sport or activity For example when Sa kills the squirrel in chapter 2 Let Us Die Trying is that like a free throw or a three pointer Practicing music scales or composing a new score Tracing an image or completing an oil painting The connecting nature of this activity lends itself especially well to the advanced gifted learner Keep a running bulletin board or white board collection of student response to the words revenge justice fo
19. the signs of health that your fingers display Now imagine the tips of your healthy fingers turning grayish white and then purple black Imagine your fingers swelling and throbbing Imagine them needing to be cut off You just visualized frostbite something that is happening to The People at the beginning of Chapter 6 To get a sense of how the weather affects people living a subsistence lifestyle watch An Unpredictable Environment What emotions do you see as people react to the weather Check out statistics on frostbite and the weather of interior Alaska where Sa Ch idzigyaak and The People are trying to survive Interior Alaska s winter temperatures average five to ten degrees below zero At forty degrees below zero a person can develop frostbite in ten minutes At fifty five degrees below zero a person can develop frostbite in only two minutes Interior Alaska s environmental conditions are considered to be some of the harshest on Earth The lowest temperature recorded inside interior Alaska was eighty degrees below Zero At eighty degrees below zero skin freezes in less than thirty seconds Fort Yukon s average snowfall is around ten feet Precipitation is low because the mountains of the Alaska Range block water producing weather systems Interior Alaska sees four to six hours of daylight in the winter FROSTBITE WEBQUEST In Chapter 6 of Two Old Women we e
20. val principles does the film seem to communicate T wo Old Women Study Guide Chapter 1 Name Focus Questions Language Arts Period Date After reading Chapter 1 Hunger and told take their toll please respond to the following questions CLASS DISCUSSION QUESTION Why didn t Sa and Ch idzigyaak question what was happening to them TODAY S TASK Complete the activities in the boxes below Choose ONE of the question sets to answer Your answer should use complete sentences and complete thoughts A Discuss something in your life that you choose never or rarely to question Why is this thing so certain to you B What does your culture instruct you never to question Do you obey this expectation Why or why not Use the question wheel to create three thoughtful questions about chapter 1 In order to receive credit for your questions your teacher must agree that they are serious questions worthy of thought T wo Old Women Study Guide Chapter 2 Name Focus Connections Language Arts Period Date CLASS ACTIVITY You ve been introduced to most of the characters that will play a role in this book To keep track of who s who write a short description of each character listed below Sa Ch idzigyaak Ozhii Nelii Shruh Zhuu The chief CREATING CONNECTIONS Read the following message Meet me Joe s instead of my house cuz Il b 18 What connections do you need to be able to make to understan
21. you Write your answer using complete thoughts J wo Old Women Study Guide Post reading Conclusion Name Language Arts Period Date FINAL EXAM Watch Arctic Village Then choose ONE of the prompts below to answer in an eight sentence accordion paragraph PROMPT 1 Based on the knowledge about Athabascan people provided in your study of Two Old Women where do you see tradition at work in the film Where do you see change PROMPT 2 If someone were to make a film about your family and community what things would you want them to show the world PROMPT 3 What part of Athabascan life demonstrated in Two Old Women and or in Arctic Village has had the biggest impact on your thinking EXPERIENCING CULTURE THROUGH LITERATURE One of the greatest things about literature is the way that it allows us to experience things that we may not otherwise have access to For example you weren t the first man to set foot on the moon yet you can experience stepping onto the dusty surface of a world never touched by humanity by reading about that adventure In Two Old Women you are privileged to experience some aspects of traditional Athabascan culture by reading the story of Ch idzigyaak and Sa In order to help you pick out the aspects of culture that are presented in the novel please explore five of them using the chart below Choose five Athabascan traditional values from the List plot details that show each
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