MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR
Contents
1. Refine your trial selection for determining a data relationship A polygon can be drawn on the map when the Draw Polygon tool is selected Filter by rainfall maximum yield soil pH and or soil organic carbon from the Map tools menu When doing a trial selection only those trials falling within the polygon will be selected To draw the polygon click on the map to Above Below define three or more points that form a boundary around the geographic area of m interest To complete the polygon always click the complete text below the Growing season rainfall mm mm map The polygon boundary must not cross over itself Maximum yield vta Soil pHCaCI2 Soil organic carbon x e Filter by any of the trial characteristics below Solexue 19 BFDC USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA The polygon that defines the geographic area can be drawn in the soil test crop response trials window before starting the interrogation process or in the soil test crop response calibrations window a In the soil test crop response trials window choose the trials by clicking the link trials that satisfy the selection criteria above This will include only those trials that satisfy the non spatial criteria and are found to fall within the polygon b In the soil test crop response calibrations window the initial selection is based on the2. Nutrient s studied P Fertiliser Products weed ammonium sulfato ND E Holford ICR Morgan JM Bradley J Cullis BR 12 1450 Hcc orare as nmm evaluation and calibration of soil phosphate 9 tests for wheat Australian Journal of Soil 1 25 Research 23 167 180 1016 lt z 075 Soil Samples 0501 0 25 Timing at sowing 0 00 t T t E Position random 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 No Sub Samples 20 rate kg ha Soil Test Value Units P La POI Holford Lag Statistical Analysis P in Soin Holford data method unknown 1 5 mg kg Response Measured mean grain yield tha data method Statistical Model Mitscherlich ue 16 0 mg kg Coefficients Statistics P Lactate Ca 9 2 mg kg 1 60545 Ftest P Lactate NH4 8 0 mg kg B 0 5527400000 100r2 P Bray 1 pH3 110 mg kg C 0 0713400000 LSD 05 Bray 2 pH1 18 0 mg kg Yo 0 720 RY 45 P Olsen 8 0 mg kg Ymax 1 610 CV P Colwell 15 0 mg kg Comment Most of them were located on red podzolics or solodics Most of the Fluoride 15 0 mg kg soils were sandy loam to clay loam formed on shale limestone or granite The P Truog 55 alluvials and black earths were slightly heavier textured cracking clays The 4 18 0 majority of soils were slightly to moderately acid pH 5 2 6 5 with only the Mehlich mg kg black earths in the alkaline range pH 7 0 8 1 Soils varied in organic carbon P PBI unadjusted 27 0 from 0 9 3 0070 but the majority contained betwee
3. potassium K and sulphur S trial treatment series for different across Australia Each crop yield responsiveness can assist the user to best judge the geographic area of The Interrogator helps users to interpret soil test results for N P K and S It does not provide a fertiliser recommendation All users are encouraged to consult a Fertcare Accredited Advisor for fertiliser management advice The BFDC project is supported by the Grains Research and Development Pavo stra SEEN etur PARENTS consultants state and federal agencies ee Tie have contributed the data held in the database Powered by Geographic Web Currently logged in as Simon Logout Admin change password GEOGRA REIES 75 BFDC Q USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA STANDARDISATION OF SOIL TEST DATA For several soil tests data held in the BFDC Database has been converted to valid equivalents to ensure the BFDC Interrogator has the capacity to generate additional calibration relationships or include a greater number of trials in a specific calibration plot These conversions are defined in Appendices 1 to 5 INTERROGATION PROCEDURE After logging in go to the top of the page and select annual trials This will take you to the main trial page with a map displaying all trial locations Initial selection The soil test crop response page enables you to make an initial
4. NSW Department of Trade and Investment Regional Infrastructure and Services ISBN 978 1 74256 269 8 MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA BFDC INTERROGATOR USER MANUAL Instructions for using the BFDC Interrogator for examining State and regional calibration relationships and soil test criteria for single year trials Graeme Watmuff Geographic Web Solutions Doug Reuter Reuter and Associates Simon Speirs NSW Department of Primary Industries GRDC 5 ew Department of bid Primary Industries Corporation E A BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS Ben White MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA CONTENTS 12 6 What IS excalibrsuon el AIO ER ER rA 7 Standardisation OF Soll TES CON aa an re at 8 Interrogation Examining data iN the calbration FEST ONS En GL ER br pk sc sient 20 BOT DS Te ese 25 E capacitor ttn ace ee aca coon pert ss ea E AA tes ee 24 Appendix l otandardisatiorn of SOil It SR 24 L eaS OL eo pc T 29 Appendix 3 Relationships between PBI and PRI and PBC sorp
5. 2 months 10 11 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 collected senescere rate kg ha Sample Guyu unu ureu o OUI W UM TX D UIUN rime choose a subsoil sample depth and a value for this soil test e g 25 mg kg 4 which represents an adequate nutrient level Click the plot calibration link below 4521 mg kg Statistical Analysis yield to show which surface samples have corresponding adequate or inadequate mg kg Response Measured mean grain vha subsoil nutrient levels N Nitrate N 11 0 kg ha Statistical Model Mitscherlich N Ammonium 10 kg ha Coefficients Statistics Subsolidepth cm 0 10cm 371 Soil test value 25 enter a number S KCI40 extractable 140 mg kg A 2 00749 Fest 1 Boron soil test 0 8 mg kg 0 5028668012 100r2 plot by subsoil nutrient level Organic Walkley Black 1 6 0 0735501380 150 05 0 220 Reactive iron 280 0 mg kg Yo 0 998 RY 50 lt lt back Salinity EC 1 5 0 06 dS m Ymax 2 007 Cv DH Soil water 1 5 62 Response Measured mean orain protein By investigating an outlier you may find e The fitted statistical relationship for crop yield and rate of nutrient applied does not seem correct and a different statistical fit for estimating Y and Y may be more appropriate A crop stress factor for example drought disease or weeds etc may have limited yield response to applied nutrient The soil type for the outlier may be atypical There is no
6. 80 3 7 1 5 5 9 L Data filters s pe falling Cron harlev maltina harlev feed nats wheat rane to define tives or more points that form a boundary around the geographic area of interest To complete the polygon always click the complete text below the Tee ss ao SF 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 Filter by any of the trial characteristics below map The polygon boundary must not cross over itself Soil texture Any 2 Tillage system Any Crop stress rating Exclude none F BFDC Q USER MANUAL Continued page 18 p BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS Continued from page 17 Critical level the point above which for the level of significance applied RY is likely to be at least Cor larger than the nominated value Confidence range based on the level of significance applied to the soil test crop response curve it represents the range of soil test values for which RY is likely to be at the nominated value If the confidence range of two different calibrations are discrete they do not intersect the critical levels are different For two calibrations where the confidence ranges overlap to a srnall degree the critical levels still may be significantly different but as the degree of overlap increases so too does the probability of the critical levels being the same Correlation co efficient R value the correlation co efficient is the measure of
7. Harvest Protein Water Grain Nutrient Uptake kg ha 4 375 K Treatment Series n Period e der is mite ap to Growing sossun Bom stator 247 11 1 558 9 200 100 i 6 e e s 9 eee o E Crop Water Use Efficiency 15 50 1 982 8 250 e 96 4 bw the Australian Soil Sodosol Red i 90 a 2 Basal Dressing Applied 2 00 a Nutrient s studied K 1 75 80 oe Fertiliser Products used potassium chloride K 2150 5 e Trial Stress Factors Drought Medium i 70 Basal Fertiliser Application phosphate 100 00 kg ha Trace Elements 100 i 2 60 Wilhelm and White J 0 75 5 t responses observed in Australian 7 0 50 so cereals Better Crops with plant food 88 1 035 Fi sd 28 31 2004 aie 40 4 i 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 rate kg ha amp 1CNEl Paddock History 51505 treatment best fit 20 Previous rotations caten hay TT T T 7 7 For the immediately preceding the trial i 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 recht aay tim Soil K Colwell mg kg 0 10cm Fallow System sheep grazing Stubble Management hay crop E 10 5 L subsoil K Colwell at or below 25 0 mg kg subsoil K Colwell above 25 0 mg kg H 10 0 9 5 Soil Samples Data filters p Subsoil 1 8497 8 5 Subsoil sample depth 0 10cm Depth 0 10cm 8 016 This filte Timing before sowing
8. a specific stubble management system e Phosphorus Buffering Index PBI plots to a specific PBI range Previous year s land use limits plot to a specific land use Trial stress factor rating excludes data from stressed trials Use of these filters is optional Applying one or more of them will typically exclude trials from a calibration plot BFDC USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA Deriving soil test criteria A calibration relationship will be plotted by crop or by soil tyoe where the data rules are met The calibration relationshio will show the soil test critical values and ranges at 80 90 and 95 RY These will be displayed on the screen with the calibration relationship see Figure 9 Figure 9 Soil test crop response calibration relationship determined from 189 South Australian nitrogen treatment series for barley Annual trials lt lt back Soil test crop response calibrations 277 N trials fit your initial selection criteria Their locations with Australian Soil Classification s are plotted on the map Relative Yield Soil N Nitrate N kg ha 0 10cm barley malting barleyfeed a oats wheat best fit curve Soil test calibration 80 Relative Yield 15 0 14 0 16 0 Correlation 0 58 90 Relative Yield 19 0 18 0 21 0 Range soil test values 0 7 110 0 95 Relative Yield 23 0 21 0 26 0 Slope RY 50
9. BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS GRDC al Vaile Grains 40 Department of 2 GOVERNMENT Primary Industries Corporation FIFA BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS v iM y Wa Department of event Primary Industries NSW DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES Acknowledgements The database of historic nitrogen ND phosphorus P potassium and sulphur S soil test crop response trials for cereals oilseeds and pulses established through the Making Better Fertiliser Decisions for Cropping Systems in Australia project BFDC and the BFDC Interrogator tool that was built to query the data are being used to underpin all FERTCARE fertiliser recommendations in Australia as the best available data BFDC will also be used in the auditing of FERTCARE accredited Decision Support Systems and FERTCARE Accredited Advisors where these provide the basis for fertiliser recommendations in cereal oilseed and pulse crops The user manual was written as part of the project to enable potential users of the BFDC Interrogator to understand develop and use soil test crop response relationships as part of soil test interpretation The BFDC project was supported by the Grains Research and Development Corporation It was led by NSW DPI and includes substantial collaboration with the fertiliser industry including the Fertiliser Industry Federation of Australia International Plant Nutrition Institute Incitec Pivot Fertilisers CSBP Summit Fertilisers Impac
10. ISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA WHAT IS A CALIBRATION RELATIONSHIP The BFDC Database contains data for more than 5000 soil test crop response relationships carried out from the early 1960s to recent times The BFDC Interrogator see Figure 1 is designed to create calibration relationships between a specific soil test specified for depth of sampling and reporting units and crop responses to an applied nutrient The crop response to rates of applied nutrient is measured as the percentage relative yield RY 96 Figure 1 The BFDC Interrogator window Relative yield RY is defined as 2 100 where Y is the max crop yield with no applied and Y is the maximum yield max achieved in the trial after applying a specified nutrient Yield increase can also be shown for a selection of trials Yield increase to applied nutrient defined as Y Y is plotted against soil test values This BFDC Interrogator option is typically more variable than plots presented using RY 96 because growing season rainfall has large and variable effects on grain yield A critical calibration relationship cannot be determined for yield increase using the BFDC Interrogator to Making Better Fertiliser Decisions for Cropping Systems in Hess 22 February 2012 BFDC Interrogator Wheat crop near Kapunda SA Geographic Web Solutions The BFDC database holds extensive historic data for 5420 key nitrogen N
11. MANUAL See 0000009 e 00000 FOR MORE INFORMATION NSW DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES 161 Kite Street Orange NSW 2800 Locked Bag 21 Orange NSW 2800 T 61 2 6391 3100 F 61 2 6391 3336 w www bfdc com au n GRDC slate Grains 0 00 Department of GOVERNMENT Primary Industries Corporation A La Y INTERNATIONAL Incitec Pivot IPNI SUMAI FERTILIZERS Sf SUPERFERT CSBP RUM SARDI 9 A ES Queensland 0 State Governm v Department of H GRAHAM E M U rd och K Victoria Primary Industries CENTRE C UNIVERSITY for Agricultural Innovation CSIRO _ REUTER AND ASSOCIATES DP de BACK PADDOCK DODGSHUN MEDLIN 3 D Agricultural Management Pty Ltd
12. SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA APPENDIX 5 Conversion of exchangeable potassium mg kg to Colwell K mg kg A large body of data from the National Soil The relationshio was curvilinear for some low Fertility Project carried out on cropping soils in potassium soils from WA and slightly curvilinear Western Australia South Australian Victoria and at higher soil potassium levels New South Wales Colwell 1979 were used to correlate and compare exchangeable potassium A conversion ratio of 1 1 has been incorporated Tucker 1974 and Colwell K Colwell and Esdaile into the BFDC Database for all analysed soils 1968 values except the 2 1 clay lattice soils Overall the comparisons showed strong linear correlations supporting a conversion ratio of 1 1 No comparative data was available for the Skene K test used mainly in Victoria BFDC USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA APPENDIX 6 Approximate relationship between Australian Soil Classification and Great Soil Groups Australian Soil Classification ASC Great Soil Groups Northcote Factual Key Calcarosols soils that are usually calcareous Solonised brown soils grey brown and Gc2 Umi throughout the soil profile often highly red calcareous soils mallee soils highly Um5 soils calcareous calcareous sands lithosols rendzina Chromosols soils with a strong texture contrast Non calcic brown soils some red brown Many form
13. Subsoil nutrient effect filter Choose soil test and sample depth my 222 0 K Colwell mg kg 1008 E 0 10 371 2 PRE clear undo complete Map tools Draw Polygon 2 e plot data by crop e plot data by soil type onal Layers Legend e tabulate data ps Road Venetation Rainfall Limit ma 3 x Refine y 375 K Treatment Series pe Fi falling ap to area of bw the f v 4 gt E e Fi gt 5 f 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 Soil Colwell mg kg 0 10cm L m subsoil Colwell at or below 25 0 mg kg subsoil Colwell above 25 0 mg kg Data filters Subsok Subsoil sample depth 0 10 This filte collectec pnt sample Gepur anu a cun test VIWE DUW choose a subsoil sample depth and a value for this soil test e g 25 mg kg which represents an adequate nutrient level Click the plot calibration link below to show which surface samples have corresponding adequate or inadequate subsoil nutrient levels Subsoildepth cm 0 10cm 371 Soil test value 25 enter a number plot by subsoil nutrient level lt lt back BFDC e USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA Outliers You may observe some trial outliers in the The trial report will be displayed and includes all relationshio generated These are one or more data and meta data that has been ente
14. al selection only those trials falling within the polygon will be selected To draw the polygon click on the map to define three or more points that form a boundary around the geographic area of interest To complete the polygon always click the complete text below the map The polygon boundary must not cross over itself BFDC USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA OBTAINING A SUMMARY OF TRIAL DATA To list summary descriptive and statistical information about each trial in the initial selection click list selection summary information see Figure 5 Figure 5 Listed information for soil test crop response data statistics lt lt back Soil test crop response calibrations 312 P trials fit your initial selection criteria Their locations with Australian Soil Classification s are plotted on the map You may wish to lig em 1 Soil test crop response data statistics died 327 treatment series are available from the first selection some trials include multiple studies at a site Graph s To view annual results at a particular site click the trial number in red Relat Trial Treatment Series Soil Crop Yo Ymax RY Choose 26003 Prate Vertosol Grey sorghum 594 645 92 26004 P rate Vertosol Grey sorghum 3 760 4497 84 PCow 26021 Prate Kandosol Red canola 1159 1536 75 26021 Prate Kandosol Red canola 39 600 39 600 100 2604 Prate Unknown barley ma
15. e Any 00 Tillage system Any Phosphorus Buffering Index Any 4 Last land use Crop stress rating Exclude Subsoil nutrient effect This filter is useful only for K and S trials where soil test data have been collected from multiple depths e g 0 10cm 10 20cm Choose a surface soil sample depth and enter a suitable soil test e g Colwell K above Below choose a subsoil sample depth and a value for this soil test e g 25 mg kg which an adequate nutrient level Click the plot calibration link to show which surface samples have corresponding adequate or inadequate subsoil nutrient levels Subsoildepth cm 0 10cm 371 Soil test value 25 enter a number plot by subsoil nutrient level lt lt back BFDC USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA Continued from page 20 Under Subsoil nutrient effect choose a subsoil sample depth and enter a value for this soil test A calibration relationship cannot that you think should be an adequate nutrient be developed using the Subsoil level for this depth Then click the plot by AE nutrient effect filter subsoil nutrient level link to show which surface samples have corresponding adequate or inadequate subsoil nutrient levels The plot will display subsoil status in different colours see Figure 11 Figure 11 Data displayed using the
16. hosphorus index PRI to the phosphorus buffering index PBI for sandy soils of south western Australia Australian Journal of Soil Research 45 262 265 Coad JR Burkitt LL amp Gourley CJP 2010 Influence of sampling depth on extractable nutrient concentrations OH phosphorus buffering index of pasture soils in south eastern Australia Australian Journal of Soil Research 48 322 560 Colwell JD 1979 National Soil Fertility Project Volume 1 CSIRO Australia Colwell JD amp Esdaile RJ 1968 The calibration interoretation and evaluation of tests for the phosphorus fertiliser requirements of wheat in northern New South Wales Australian Journal of Soil Research 6 105 120 Moody PW amp Bolland MDA 1999 Phosphorus in Soil Analysis an Interpretation Manual 187 220 CSIRO Publishing Payne RA amp Ladd JN 1993 Soil organic matter and nitrogen management in dryland cropping systems 2 Nitrogen requirements for dry land cereal crops Primary Industries SA Technical Report 212 Slattery WJ Conyers MK amp Aitken RL 1999 Soil OH aluminium manganese and lime requirement in Soil Analysis an Interpretation Manual 103 128 CSIRO Publishing Tucker BM 1974 Laboratory procedures for cation exchange measurements on soils Division of Soils Technical Paper 23 CSIRO Australia BFDC USER MANUAL BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS Notes USER
17. how well the calibration line fits the observations Range of soil test values provides information about the lower and upper soil test values for the experiments included in the calibration Slope RY 50 80 the value and range for this parameter is the slope rate of change of the calibration line between 50 and 80 RY as soil test value increases A high value for this parameter suggests that increases in yield are large for increments of soil test value This parameter provides information from which inferences about risk and economic gain from nutrient addition can be made Generally this parameter is of most use in comparisons between calibrations sets Importantly a calibration relationship cannot be obtained if one of the following rules is not applicable a A calibration relationship must have more than eight trials to be statistically valid b A calibration relationship must have an R value greater than O 15 A calibration relationship must have at least three trials in the 85 95 RY region of the curve Fewer trials suggest a dumbbell data distribution with a lack of data in the area of the most used critical levels d The 9596 confidence range must be less than half the estimate of the 9596 RY You can create a permanent record of your calibration relationship and soil test criteria by printing the graph click print below the graph Selecting this option will present the graph in a format that ca
18. ications even though the surface soil layer itself may be nutrient deficient You may explore this effect using the input boxes under the heading Subsoil nutrient effect Continued page 21 To do this choose a surface soil sample depth and a suitable soil test for example Colwell as usual in the boxes under Choose soil test and sample depth Figure 1O Filter option using subsoil nutrient status R K Colwell mg kg 1008 vw 0 10 371 2 ow 5 SE View data relationship clear undo complete Map tools Draw Polygon 2 by crop plot data by soil type didi Optional Layers Legend Road Vegetation Rainfall Limit max soil test value enter max soil test value for the plot Refine your trial selection for determining a data relationship A polygon can be drawn on the map when the Draw Polygon tool is selected Filter by rainfall maximum yield soil pH and or soil organic carbon from the Map tools menu When doing a trial selection only those trials falling within the polygon will be selected To draw the polygon click on the map to Above Below define three or more points that form a boundary around the geographic area of interest To complete the polygon always click the Icomplete text below the Growing season rainfall mm mm map The polygon boundary must not cross over itself Maximum yield tha Soil pHCaCI2 Soil organic carbon DU Soil textur
19. lting 1490 1980 75 Viewda 2604 Prate Unknown barley malting 13 400 13 400 100 22 26035 Prate Unknown barley malting 2371 3052 78 yoon z 26035 P rate Unknown barley malting 13 840 13840 100 ta 26039 Prate Unknown wheat 2103 297 71 26039 Prate Unknown wheat 12 860 12860 100 Limit 26040 Prate Unknown wheat 2100 2712 77 Refine 26040 Prate Unknown wheat 13 580 13580 100 26041 Nrate Unknown wheat 2 500 2500 100 ected 26041 N rate Unknown wheat 12 920 14 200 91 falling 26042 Nrate Vertosol Grey wheat 1019 1588 4000 26042 Nrate Vertosol Grey wheat 15 000 15 000 100 bwthe INAI wie Vorteenl Blank 4801 2494 7 BFDC USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA VIEWING AN INDIVIDUAL TRIAL To obtain detailed information about a particular trial click the trial number in the summary table see Figure 6 Figure 6 Trial report Trial 22340 Treatment Series Statistics Sown 13 june 1968 Treatment Series ID 2927 Site 2340 Nutrient Studied P Location Eugowra NSW Time of Application sowing Data owner NSWDII Nutrient Placement drilled with seed Data custodian NSWII Row Spacing 18cm Sennen winter Product superphosphate single ng eye ane Nutrient DM Grain Grain NE m T we Rate Des Harvest Protein Water Grain Nutrient Uptake kg ha Australian Soil Classification Unknown en 0 730
20. mates are integral parameters of fertiliser nitrogen decision support systems for example Payne and Ladd 1993 o USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA APPENDIX 2 Soil pHCaCl diagnostic Soil pH CaCl ranges Diagnostic interpretation Highly acidic Acidic possibly aluminium Al and manganese Mn toxicity and molyodenum Mo deficiency Acceptable for acid tolerant species Optimal pH for plant growth Neutral to slightly alkaline Often high in magnesium 6 5 7 5 Mg and calcium carbonate CaCO gt 7 6 Alkaline and includes sodic and salty soils see Table 7 2 from Slattery et al 1999 A BFDC USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA APPENDIX 5 Relationships between PBI and PRI and PBC sorption tests PBI 0 015 PRI 2 64 PRI 151 PBI 10 78 PBC Ozanne and Shaw 12 WA 93 Source Bolland and Windsor 2007 PBI adjusted for Colwell P Burkitt et al 2002 PB unadjusted for Colwell P Burkitt pers comm BFDC USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA APPENDIX 4 Classification of PBI status Phosphorus PBC sorption status O and S Extremely low lt 2 Very very low 15 55 1 High 281 840 200 300 100 150 Very high gt 840 gt 300 2150 BFDC e USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING
21. maximum yield soil pH and or soil organic carbon from the Map tools menu When doing a trial selection only those trials falling within the polygon will be selected To draw the polygon click on the map to Above Below define three or more points that form a boundary around the geographic area of ee p interest To complete the polygon always click the text below the Growing season rainfall mm mm map The polygon boundary must not cross over itself Maximum yield wh Soil pHCaCi2 Soil organic carbon i 7 Filter by any of the trial characteristics below Sol texture Gw BFDC USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA Developing a calibration relationship To develop a calibration relationship for trials that fit your initial selection criteria first select the soil test of interest and sampling depth When developing a calibration relationship a Always start with a large data set for example Colwell P at 0 10 cm study the calibration relationship before applying any filters Not all trials include data for all soil test methods nor do all trials have soil test data for the different depths indicated in the drop down menu b 2 calibration curve cannot be fitted to yield increase data Refine a calibration relationship by selecting filter options in the drop down menus under the section of the page enti
22. meg 100 The latter two units are equivalent Exchangeable or extractable potassium K mg kg cmol kg 391 Exchangeable potassium mg kg soil tests have been converted to extractable Colwell K mg kg excluding vertosols with 2 1 clay lattices see Appendix 5 Soil pH tests in the National Database have been converted to pH CaCl 1 5 soil solution ratio see Appendix 2 for OH interpretations Users can specify oH ranges they want to examine as an additional filter for say interoreting a phosphorus calibration plot All historical phosphorus sorption tests have been converted to the modern phosphorus buffering index PBI Burkitt et al 2002 see Appendix 3 PBI categories from extremely low to very high have also been defined as filters for calibration plots see Appendix 4 Soil carbon nitrogen C N ratios have been derived using organic carbon 96 and total soil nitrogen 96 soil test values Estimates of total soil mineral nitrogen available for crop growth rnineral nitrogen at sowing plus nitrogen mineralised during crop growth from organic matter The BFDC Database contains sorne estimates for in crop mineralisation either measured in situ or via various laboratory incubation tests For these trials calibration plots for total soil mineral nitrogen available for crop growth can be compared to mineral nitrogen reserves measured at sowing However in crop mineralisation esti
23. n 1 5 and 2 5 carbon P Mehlich 3 22 0 mg kg Wheat was sown in June or July with Heroncv in most experiments but where P DGT Extractable 20 0 ug L sowing was later than mid July Gamenya cv was used Harvesting with a Claas autoheader was carried out in the following December or January BFDC USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA MAPPING TRIALS Clicking any one of the three links allows you to plot other colour coded information about the trials on the map These include ASC see Figure 7 see what the colour codes mean for each parameter click Legend below the map Figure 7 Mapped Australian Soil Classification for each of the selected trials lt lt back Soil test crop response calibrations 582 P trials fit your initial selection criteria Their locations with Australian Soil Classification s are plotted on the map You may wish to hist selection summary information Australian Soil Classification relative yields maximum yields To choose a new region draw a polygon and refresh the trial selection Graph soil test value by Relative Yield Yield Increase Choose soil test and sample depth P Colwell mg kg 940 0 10 582 Limit max soil test value enter max soil test value for the plot Road Veg Refine your trial selection for determining a data relationship Filter by rainfall
24. n be saved or printed from your internet browser USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA Deriving a new calibration plot To develop calibration plot using another set of trials or using different criteria for example DO NOT select the toolbar back button this will take you back to the home page different soil tyoes or different soil tests etc first close the calibration window by clicking the at top of graph window Then select the lt lt back option on the left hand side of the page Start deriving a new calibration plot by selecting another set of trials for example other crop type s and or soil type s you wish to examine Repeat the process as described above Notes BFDC USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA EXAMINING DATA IN THE CALIBRATION RELATIONSHIP Impact of subsoil nutrient status This filter is useful where trials have soil test By experimenting with different subsoil nutrient data for multiple sampling depths for example levels you can discover the subsoil test value O 10 cm 10 20 cm etc and it 15 specific to above which there is little point in applying potassium and sulohur nutrient trials see nutrient Figure 10 For example crops growing on soil with adequate levels of potassium or sulohur in the subsoil may not respond to potassium or sulohur fertiliser appl
25. non spatial criteria only This allows the user to make a geographic sub selection of the initial trial set To do this draw the polygon as earlier described and click refresh see Figure 4 Figure 4 Using the polygon tool in the soil test crop response calibrations window lt lt back Soil test crop response calibrations 312 P trials fit your initial selection criteria Their locations with Australian Soil Classification s are plotted on the map To choose a new region draw a polygon and refresh the trial selection Graph soil test value by 9 Relative Yield O Yield Increase Choose soil test and sample depth P Colwell mg kg 413 0 7 5cm adj 0 10cm 2 View data relationship plot data by crop plot data by soil type tabulate data Limit max soil test value enter max soil test value for the plot Refine your trial selection for determining a data relationship e Filter by rainfall maximum yield soil pH and or soil organic carbon Above Below Growing season rainfall mm Maximum yield th X X tha Soil pHCaCI2 Soil organic carbon J e Filter by any of the trial characteristics below Soil texture Any Annual trials 5 SE clear undo complets Map tools Draw ran on 3 Optional Layers Legend Road Vegetation A polygon can be drawn on the map when the Draw Polygon tool is selected from the Map tools menu When doing a tri
26. ographie Web GEOGRAPHIC WEB gt BFDC USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA Starting the Interrogation process To run any selected query click on the link see Figure 2 page 9 trials that satisfy the selection criteria above in red type on left hand side of screen A new Interrogation form will appear indicating the number of trials that satisfy the initial query parameters and the trial positions will be plotted on the map as coloured dots Cinitially colour coded for ASC soil types assuming your data set has them see Figure 3 Figure 3 Soil test crop response calibrations window lt lt back Soil test crop response calibrations 2281 P trials fit your initial selection criteria Their locations with Australian Soil Classification s are plotted on the map You may wish to list selection summary information Australian Soil Classification e map relative yields e map maximum yields To choose a new region draw a polygon and refresh the trial selection Graph soil test value by Relative Yield O Yield Increase Choose soil test and sample depth Colwell mg kg 2858 3 0 7 5 0 10 Vinci eee clear undo complete Map tools Draw Polygon 12 e plot data by crop e plot data by soil type Optional Layers Legend tabulate data Limit max soil test value enter max sol test value forie pl
27. orresponding adequate or inadequate adequate to show which surface samples have subsoil nutrient levels Subsoildepth cm 0 10cm 582 test value enter a number e plot by subsoil nutrient level BFDC USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA Continued from page 15 Refinement criteria act as data filters and Note If a trial report does not include include data in a given filter the trial will automatically be excluded from a Maximum soil test value limits maximum soil test value in plot calibration plot Note One very high soil test will cause other data points in the calibration plot to be When satisfied with the chosen options click compressed towards the axis one of the two plot graph options Growing season rainfall mm limits plot to a Plot calibration by crop a user specified range b Plot calibration by soil type e Y t ha attained limits plot to a user specified range The calibration relationship soil test value Soil pH limits plot to a user specified against RY will be displayed either for the pH range selected crop type s or soil type s e Soil organic carbon limits plot to a user specified organic carbon range for the topsoil e Topsoil texture limits plot to a specific soil texture e Tillage system limits plot to a specific tillage system e Stubble management limits plot to
28. provision for arbitrarily removing outliers from the plot If you are convinced any of the trial data should be excluded from the BFDC Database or that some data may require reviewing then contact us at www bfdc com au BFDC e USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA LONGER TERM TRIALS Limited data for long term trials has been entered into the BFDC Database All long term trial data entered is used in soil test crop resoonse calibrations only where each individual year can be treated as a single experiment Notes BFDC USER MANUAL BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS APPENDIX 1 Standardisation of soil test values The following soil test standardisations have been incorporated into the BFDC Database for access by the BFDC Interrogator without compromising the original data Converting soil test data sampled to 7 5 cm into O 10 cm depth by dividing the O 7 5 cm values by 1 14 Coad et al 2010 K Peverill Coers comm Thus calibration plots can then be developed for 0 7 5 cm 0 10 cm unadjusted and for 0 10 cm adjusted Converting soil test data from consecutive depths for example 0 7 5 cm and 7 5 15 cm where both soil test and soil bulk density have been recorded for each depth These provide data for soil tests nutrient concentration and content to a converted depth of 15 cm Soil test units for soil cations have been converted to mg kg from cmol kg and
29. red for data points in the calibration relationship that the particular trial including the statistically fitted appear to be somewhat abnormal displaced treatment series graph for crop yield against when compared with the main body of data nutrient rate applied The trial report will also points display the individual mean treatment crop yields You can investigate outliers by clicking on the For trials where data for grain protein grain data point in the calibration relationship or other nutrient or oll concentrations are entered these oresentation of the data see Figure 12 parameters will also be displayed in the trial report Figure 12 Displaying trial report for an outlier mw RS Choose soil test and sample depth D ee DO 3 Colwell mg kg 1008 2 E 0 10 371 2 Trial 51505 Treatment Series Statistics Treatment Series ID 5031 View dido one cisa undo complete Map tools Draw Polygon m rvested i ne e plot data by crop Site K Strategies at Laura 2002 Time of Application sowing plot data by soil type Optional Layers Legend Location Laura SA Nutrient Placement M e tabulate data Data owner SARDI Hers wl may sowing Road Veoetation Rainfall Data custodian Row Spacing 30cm Limit m Season winter Product potassium chloride Farming system dryland Treat tM Refine y Experimental Design aaa Ur Nutrient DM Grain ected 3 Rate
30. s of between the topsoil and subsoil Subsoils are earths red and brown podzolic soils red duplex D soils not strongly acid and are not sodic and brown duplex soils Dermosols soils with structured subsoils that Red gradational soils prairie soils Wide range of lack a strong texture contrast between the chocolate soils some brown red and 51 5 soils some yellow podsolic soils kraznozem rendzina UmA4 soils chenozem terra rossa Ferrosols soils with a subsoil that contains a Krasnozems euchrozems chocolate soils ons Gna UTS high content or free iron oxide and which lack a Uf6 soils strong texture contrast between the topsoil and subsoil Kandosols soils that lack a strong texture Red yellow and grey earths calcareous Gn2 Um5 soils contrast between the topsoil and subsoil having red earths earthy sands brown podsolic at best a weakly structured subsoil and not soils or lithosols calcareous throughout Many strongly acid duplex Kurosols soils with a strong texture contrast Many podsolic soils and soloths between the topsoil and strongly acid subsoil These soils have high levels of magnesium sodium and aluminium in the subsoil soils Organosols soils dominated by organic Neutral to alkaline soils and acid peats material Podosols soils with a subsoil dominated by the Podsols humus podsols and peaty Many UCc2 accumulation of compounds of organic matter podsols la
31. selection of trials using the search criteria available see Figure 2 page 9 The initial criteria you specify can include any one of the following Crop type or types for example wheat and or barley canola and or rape Nutrient nitrogen phosphorus potassium or sulphur Season winter or summer crops Farming system dryland or irrigated Soil type or types Australian Soil Classification e Year or range of years Geographic region Remember the more criteria you set the smaller the trial set derived from the first query You can group soil tyoes and crop types by selecting multiple options in the drop down menu Chold the Shift or Control key down to select the options you are seeking BFDC USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA NAVIGATING THE MAP DEFINING A GEOGRAPHIC REGION To navigate the map draw a zoom box over the Using the Draw polygon tool you can also geographic area of interest Chold the left mouse select trials within a user specified region button down and drag the cursor across the map Other navigation tools are available by first choosing from the various options listed in the Map tools drop down menu located below the map of Australia To draw the polygon make sure the Draw polygon option in the Map tools menu is selected Click on the map at positions that enclose your area of interest you
32. t Fertilisers and Superfert consultants Back Paddock Company Geographic Web Solutions Consultancy Services Reuter and Associates and Dodgshun Medlin State and federal agencies SARDI DEEDI QLD DAFWA Vic DPI TIA and CSIRO agribusiness Landmark and Elders and universities Disclaimer The information contained in this BFDC user manual is based on knowledge and understanding at the time of writing March 2012 The information contained in this publication is provided as general information only and is not a substitute for a fertiliser recommendation derived from a decision support system Users should obtain any appropriate professional advice relevant to their particular circumstances The BFDC Database has been created using information provided by third parties The State of New South Wales the authors and publisher take no responsibility for the accuracy currency or reliability of any information included in the Database To the full extent permitted by law the State of New South Wales excludes all liability arising from or connected to the use of or reliance on any material contained in the BFDC Database including without limitation any interference with or damage to a user s computer system software or data First published March 2012 Edited Hot Tin Roof Communications Design and layout Megan Hele Design The State of New South Wales through the NSW Department of Primary Industries an office of the
33. teritic podsols some Uc3 Uc4 aluminium and or iron Soils Rudosols includes soils with little pedological Lithosols alluvial soils calcareous and Um Ufl organisation These soils are usually young in siliceous Sands some solonchaks deep soils the sense that soil forming factors have little gravelly soils time to pedologically modify parent rocks or sediments The component soils can vary widely in texture and depth many are stratified and some are highly saline Sodosols soils with strong texture contrast Solodized solenetz and solodic soils some Many duplex between topsoil and subsoil horizons These soloths and red brown earths soils soils are not strongly acid but are sodic and have an ESP greater than 6 Tenosols soils with generally weak pedological Lithosols shallow stony soil siliceous and Many Uc and organisation in the subsoil earthy sands alpine humus soils and some Urn classes alluvial soils some terra rossa brown earths Vertosols clay soils with shrink swell properties Black earths black grey brown and red Ug5 soils that exhibit strong cracking when dry Some of cracking clays these soils also show gilgai microrelief Source Adapted from Isbell 1996 Peverill et al 1999 and Hall et al 2009 BFDC USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS FOR CROPPING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA REFERENCES Bolland MDA amp Windsor DP 2007 Converting reactive iron aluminium and p
34. tion tests 26 POD STIG Or SS RR 27 Appendix 5 Conversion of exchangeable potassium mg kg Colwell mg kg 28 Appendix 6 Approximate relationshio between Australian Soil Classification On ee 29 References 30 I 0000 00000000909 596 0000000 60000 The Better Fertiliser Decisions Framework will make accessible all available fertiliser trial data across all Australian cropping regions BFDC USER MANUAL Its success relies on you BETTER FERTILISER DECISIONS OBTAINING ACCESS TO THE NATIONAL BFDC DATABASE To obtain access to the BFDC Database and Interrogator users need to successfully complete a training course Please visit www bfdc com au for more information People attending the BFDC training courses will be given a temporary username and password to access the BFDC Interrogator After completing the course participants need to resoond to the automated email they receive for ongoing access The automated email is initiated through participant enrolment at the training course Access via a more permanent username and password will normally be granted to those who have demonstrated responsible competency during the training course Simon Speirs NSW DPI Q USER MANUAL MAKING BETTER FERTILISER DEC
35. tled Refine your trial selection for determining a data relationship see Figure 8 Continued page 16 p Figure 8 Filter options available from the soil test crop response calibrations window View data relationship plot data by crop e plot data by soil type e tabulate data Optional Layers Legend clear undo complete Map tools Draw Polygon Australian Soil Classification Limit max soil test value enter max soil test value for the plot Anthroposol Refine your trial selection for determining a data relationship ec Filter by rainfall maximum yield soil pH and or soil organic carbon Ferrosol Above Below 2 Kandosol Growing season rainfall mm mm 2 Podosol Maximum yield t ha t ha Vertosol Soil pHCaCI2 Soil organic carbon 96 96 Filter by any of the trial characteristics below Soil texture Any map The polygon Tillage system Any l 2 Stubble management Any i Phosphorus Buffering Index Any PBI Last land use Any Crop stress rating Exclude none 2 Subsoil nutrient effect This filter is useful only for K and S trials where soil test data have been collected from multiple depths e g 0 10cm 10 20cm Choose a surface soil sample depth and enter a suitable soil test e g Colwell K above Below choose a subsoil sample depth and a value for this soil test e g 25 mg kg which an nutrient level Click the plot calibration link below c
36. will probably want to zoom in first The first click creates a point for the polygon and successive clicks draw additional points and connecting lines Do not allow polygon lines to cross over each other To complete the polygon simply click on the text complete at bottom of map toolbar see Figure 2 This will link the first point to the last point To clear the polygon at any stage click clear To go back one step click undo Figure 2 Soil test crop response trials window Soil test crop response trials The database holds 5420 trial treatment series undertaken at 2593 sites These consist of 1709 N 2281 P 356 K and 270 S trials Searching the database Trial sites are plotted on the map as grey dots Make a selection of trials based on the search criteria below and or by drawing a polygon on the map around your Eee ee search the selection in more detail Farming System All 7 To Year Ail 2 Season Ail Australian Soil Class gt Chromosol e clear undo complete Map tools Draw Polygon E Select trials that satisfy the selection criteria above Optional Layers Legene Road Vegetation l Rainfall A polygon can be drawn on the map when the Draw Polygon tool is selected around interest To complete the polygon always click the complete text below the map The polygon boundary must not cross over itself Powered by Ge
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