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Ener-Win 95.02

1. 76123 730 5996 3420 22617 76853 49030 24447 73477 150329 9 41 DISAGGREGATION Heating H Water Cooling Fans Lights Receptacles Outdoor Light kWh 0 Site GJoules 3585 5 34 4 539 8 307 9 1546 4 489 7 Daylight Savings 0 kWh or 0 WHOLE BLDG PERFORMANCE Site Line 5821 GJ 397 8 Nanm Source Line 13179 GJ 900 8 MJ sq m isa PERAE AND ANNUAL HEATING COOLING LOADS For CENTRAL PLANT HEATING TOT COOLING TOT HEATING TOT COOLING TOT ROOF 14 10 1 8 21 29 1 4 ROOF 82 43 2 2 pi ree amp 0 9 WALLS 98 87 12 5 38 14 4 8 WALLS 667 16 18 1 19 28 1 4 WINDOWS TRANSMISSION 152 33 19 3 88 22 1 0 WINDOWS TRANSMISSION 417 44 11 3 54 05 4 0 WINDOWS SOLAR 60 33 7 1 95 38 11 9 WINDOWS SOLAR 276 60 9 9 103 99 7 6 LIGHTS AND EQUIPMENT 0 00 0 0 188 17 23 5 LIGHTS AND EQUIPMENT 777 39 23 6 575 59 42 1 0 6 0 Untitled ot1 Previou Next Fig 21 Tabular output of monthly energy summaries Note The Hourly Output button will remain inactive as shown in Figure 21 unless you had previously selected Produce Hourly Output File on the Run Energy Simulation screen If you had selected the hourly option you may click on the Hourly Output button to obtain the dialog box shown in Figure 22 This dialog box shows that three output files are available for viewing i e ecalc hry hourly temperatures and whole building energy use etemp hry hourly outdoor and indoor temperatures in all building z
2. Museum a 2 Initially do not enter any further Nursing Home information Just click OK A 3 The sketch routing will automatically orres building add the floor area and the orientation Parking garage 4 You may add project descriptors Penitentiary occupancy and holidays later Performing arts theater o from North Police station Post office sq m Occ Days week Lo days Religious building Residential single multi family O sq m Annual Holidays D O days Restaurant Bar lounge leisure Restaurant Cafeteria fast food Restaurant Family Retail store showroom School Elementary School Secondary University Sports arena Town hall Transportation bus airport Warehouse Workshop Cancel Undo Last Fig 4 Screen showing the 42 optional building types B Weather Data Button produces the following screen The weather data screen allows for selection of any city contained in the weather database There are a little over 2000 cities in this database The State Name scroll down list contains the 50 U S states followed by over 115 other countries Search this list alphabetically for the country you are looking for then in the right hand City Name window you can scroll alphabetically through a list of city names if more than one exist The compacted weather data summaries will instantly be shown on the screen See Fig 5 Weather Data c ewin2 sample engr nu2 inp Help State Name
3. Roof wall slope Enter the slope of the surface measured from a horizontal line toward the interior of the building The sketch routine sets the default wall slope at 90 degrees and the roof slope at 0 degrees A roof can take on slopes between 0 and 90 degrees A typical residence might have a roof slope of 20 30 Or 40 degrees A wall can be sloped between 0 and 180 degrees considering the vertical as 90 degrees and outward sloping walls as greater than 90 degrees Inward sloping walls have slopes between 0 and 90 degrees the same as for roofs A vertical wall will have 90 degree slope the default An outward sloping wall will have a slope above 90 degrees e g 110 120 etc but less than 180 degrees A horizontal floor over a parking garage or unconditioned air space should be sloped at 180 degrees in which case the exposure value of 7 should be changed to a number between 1 and 5 All roofs horizontal or sloped should have an exposure value of 6 S W B The Summer Winter Both flag is a seasonal indicator It defaults at B meaning the wall is present in Both the summer and winter condition In most projects the user will not change this value however it is present to permit different conditions usually relating to shading to exist in summer and winter In the simulation process winter W is considered as months with average temperatures below 18C 65F Summer S condition applies to all other months This option c
4. The DX residential systems are split systems with ON OFF cycling in response to the heating or cooling load Both supply air blower fans and the compressor are assumed to turn off when there is no heating or load Fresh air ventilation is assumed to be provided by independently activated house exhaust fans and or by natural ventilation and infiltration Fan horsepower is derived from the required flow volume and the static pressure loss converted to kWh and summed hourly Compressor energy is estimated from the computed total load and the user specified C O P or SEER DX residential units may be selected as the HVAC system type in buildings other than residential if the compressor cycles with the load In commercial applications the units may be 13 larger have different C O P s and different duct pressure losses 7 DX Residential Heat Pump The DX residential heat pump has all features the same as the DX residential cooling unit except that the same compressor does the heating and cooling The C O P of the compressor for heating must be specified separately from the C O P for cooling Fan energy calculations are the same for both systems Other statements under no 6 above apply 8 DX Window Unit The DX window unit has all the same assumptions as numbers 6 and 7 above The only difference is that no ductwork is assumed therefore the default fan static pressure is much lower The user is free to customize the efficiency parame
5. ju ajc co wie le ajeje w ajes wj ajc coico wie ls ajeje o Undo Last Fig 12 Occupancy profiles Lighting Type Lighting type is selected from a pull down menu There are six types of lighting sources including fluorescent incandescent and metal vapor types Lighting cost Input the estimated installed cost for the lighting system being used in each zone in terms of dollars per unit floor area This value will be important if alternative light sources are being considered for the building If daylighting dimmers are being used that cost should be added to the installed cost of the lighting system This will enable the program to give an accurate life cycle cost evaluation Lighting power density watts sq m Enter the designed power density of the lighting fixtures within each zone Do not add extra power for ballasts as this is done within the program if the lighting system is one that uses ballasts A multiplier of 1 25 is applied to the values input by the user If you wish to improve precision by including the ballast power you should identify the lighting source as incandescent for which the power multiplier is 1 0 The user still must assume the responsibility of specifying enough lighting power to provide adequate illumination within the space ENER WIN does not design the lighting system Equipment power density watts sq m This value represents the connected power density for small appliances
6. sample Fig 26 Retrieving a previously run output file 28 VI SAMPLE PROBLEMS Example 1 Gregory Bateson Building The California State Office Building Sacramento California Gross Area 267 000 sq ft Date Built 1981 Published figures and text of this example are taken from Norbert Lechner s book 1991 Heating Cooling Lighting Design Methods for Architects John Wiley amp Sons Inc The building has four floors To illustrate the feature used in ENER WIN to replicate similar floors in multistory buildings it was assumed that the second and third floors were identical and the first and fourth floors had unique floor plans The text book only shows the floor plan for the second floor so the other two floors were formulated from coordinating between the second floor and the sections and exterior photographs In the sketching routine of ENER WIN a level is defined as a group one or more floors in the building This resulted in the creation of three levels as follows Level 1 First floor Level 2 Second and third floors Level 3 Fourth floor Each level is permitted to have a different ceiling height and any number of floors For convenience the HVAC zones on each level were held to nine though a maximum of ten would be permitted Though the atrium zone appears on each level it is only one space that penetrates all four floors of the building This was handled by manually resetting the atrium floor area to zero
7. then press the Copy to All zones or Selected zones button This feature is similar to the one used in the upper half of the form but will not apply to any parameter but window areas Wall ID No The wall id contains a number representing the opaque surface assembly whether a wall roof or floor from the assembly catalog The assembly s thermal properties can be selected or edited in the Properties pull down menu or by double clicking on the wall i d cell The catalog of materials can 15 be customized for local prices and materials Catalog items include catalog number a description the U factor solar absorptivity thermal time lag decrement factor and installed cost per unit area Wall Area This is the surface area as derived from the sketch routine Normally this should not be changed but in some cases the user may wish to modify the value such as the case when there is a sloped surface The sketch routine always assumes vertical walls and horizontal roofs and floors when computing their areas A sloped surface would therefore have to be edited by the user if the exact area is to be represented to the program CAUTION Any editing of surface areas will be lost if you re enter the sketch routine at a later time It is important that any editing of surface areas takes place after all sketching changes have been completed Orientation Orientation is the compass bearing referencing Project Nort
8. Building Sketch Routine First time user z Retrieve a sample Normal procedure gt Click the icons or the numbered items shown above Ener Win project Use the View Output pop down menu to retrieve results of previous project SampleProject inp Click the Sample Project button to load a sample project for execution Retrieve output tesults from a Other questions E mail inquiry or request to enerwin cox net previous project anyfile ot Fig 2 The 6 button main menu screen The main menu screen features six buttons that are used to enter the building project description and execute the problem plus several pop down menus that are used to retrieve or save a project view and save the results and edit the default databases ll MAIN MENU BUTTONS A Project Description Button Project Information C Program Files Enerwin EC sample SampleProject INP Help General Project Data Building Type Office 01 Project Name BS 99 simulation study Project Description 10 story office lab classtoom Engrg building 1 Location NAGOYA JAPAN Get Weather Design Stage Hints 1 Begin a new project by clicking the Building Type pulldown menu Scheme Number 2 Initially do not enter any further information Just click OK 3 The sketch routing will automatically Evaluation Year 2007 add the floor area and the orientation 4 You may add project descriptors Orientation o from North occu
9. L LEFT SHADING POSITION REFERENCE Lh ELEVATION PLAN F FRONT SHADING POSITION Seen REFERENCE WALL PLAN ELEVATION T TOP SHADING POSITION L L overhang length h distance from window sill to bottom of overhang If no window use entire wall height for h h SHADE FROM OVERHANGS L h Shade Factor Examples for Lih Overhang Height Shade Factor imeter Fig 13 Shading definition symbols Window ID No The window id is used in the same manner as the wall id There is a window properties catalog under the Properties pull down menu Window properties include catalog number a description U factor solar heat gain coefficient SHGC emissivity daylight transmissivity and unit area cost values 17 Glass Area The window glass area must be entered manually because the sketch routine does not have a feature for drawing of windows To help speed up the data entry process the program accepts fractions of wall area i e 0 4 would be interpreted as 40 glass and not as 0 4 sq m of glass The program confirms fractional data entries As mentioned earlier you may use the E Z Window Sizer feature if you are doing preliminary runs in which you are willing to specify window areas as a fractional coverage on each wall exposure You can safely re enter the sketch routine without losing your data for glass areas However if you change the area of a wall or re sketch the zone the glass area will be reset to zero
10. Peak Demand Profiles 1 Hourly energy demand for peak summer and winter days including electric and gas 2 Graphic presentation of hourly demand Present Worth Cost Analysis Weather Data Summary Floating Space Temperatures in each zone Hourly outdoor temperature and whole building energy demand optional Hourly indoor zone temperatures and relative humidity values optional Hourly outdoor temperatures sun angles and diffuse and direct solar radiation The floating space temperature button permits the user to examine the comfort conditions within the building spaces whether air conditioning is assumed or NOT It will present a 24 hour profile of zone temperatures for the warmest and coolest days for each season of the year In addition to the interior space temperatures the output also includes the weighted average interior wall surface temperatures MRT the interior relative humidity the outdoor dry bulb temperatures for the 24 hour profile the interior operative temperature and a summary of the accumulated discomfort degree hours DDH The DDH value represents hourly summations of the difference between the actual indoor operative temperature and the edge of the thermal comfort zone upper and lower limits of which were set by your input A sample of the floating temperature output screen is shown in Figure 24 26 Floating Space Temperature Analysis c ewin2 sample engr nu2 inp Project Data Zo
11. Utility Costs Breakdown Tabular See sist sai Project Name Gregory Bateson Building Sample Source E U F Location SACRAMENTO CALIFORNIA 1376 4 MJ sq m 5000 GJoules 3260 4 704 5 867 4 1973 4 4336 1553 4 GJoules 240 548 1204 431 MWh Space Water Space Fan Lighting Equipment Heating Heating Cooling Motors Untitled ot1 Fig 18 Sample graphical summary of energy breakdowns w Monthly Utility Costs c ewin2 sample batesnsi inp x Peak Heating Peak Cooling Bint Heating Ann Cooling Save Dupa Ae hoa Monthly HC Utility Costs i i Tabular Project Name Gregory Bateson Building Sample Location SACRAMENTO CALIFORNIA 20000 15000 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Gas Cost Elec Cost Total Gas Costs 24426 Total Elec Costs 145472 Total Costs 169898 Untitled ot Fig 19 Monthly utility costs 22 Any number of menu buttons can be clicked at this stage to view the graphic output screens Another sample Utility Costs revealing the monthly gas and electric bills is shown in Figure 19 V VIEWING THE OUTPUT A Graphical output viewing and capture methods 1 The graphical output has several options a peak heating loads b peak cooling loads c breakdown of the annual heating loads d annual cooling loads e monthly heating and cooling loads and f monthly utility bills The graphical outputs of a through
12. box The calculation of water cost is based only on cooling tower evaporated water and does not include domestic water use e Demand Charge Schedule Y N This box displays a Y or N indicating whether there is an electric demand rate schedule to be entered If it is clicked it will change from an N to a Y and a demand schedule box will appear as shown below Demand Charge KW Increment Cost Fig 7 Demand rate schedule To define the demand rates enter the charge per kW in up to three increments In the example shown this represents that the first kW is charged at 8 50 per kW the next 5 kW are charged at 12 per kW and the next 20 kW are charged at 12 75 per kW The model assumes that all remaining kW above the last value will still be charged at that same rate If a demand rate schedule has already been entered and you wish to make a change to it click on the Y button to change it to an N then click on it again to change it to a Y at which time the schedule box will reappear D Building Sketch Button To enter or edit a building sketch click on the Building Sketch button on the Main Menu screen This will take you to a drawing routine that displays a grid on which the building may be sketched The drawing routine will only accept rectangular shapes though triangular and circular forms can be approximated with a little extra effort A sample drawing of a municipal fire station is shown in Figure 8 LALK WIN Uull
13. temperature histories are initialized for each zone for exterior wall surfaces sol air temperatures inside wall surfaces inside air inside zone mass and earth contact surfaces Additional error checking is performed Control is returned to the main program 3 Weather data generator Control of the entire simulation process is transferred to the weather data simulator The simulator uses the weather data summary statistics to generate daily values of minimum and maximum dry bulb and dewpoint temperatures atmospheric clearness wind and pressure Using a number of published algorithms the program then computes hourly values for sun altitude and azimuth angles direct beam solar radiation horizontal diffuse radiation wind speed dry bulb temperature dewpoint temperature wet bulb temperature relative humidity and atmospheric pressure Psychrometric subroutines are used at frequent intervals throughout this process NOTE the weather routine permits the option of reading an hourly weather data file in lieu of simulating the hourly values After the weather data have been derived for each hour the program calls the energy analysis routine Data passed to the energy calculation routine include all the weather data described above plus the month number the date and the day of the week 4 Energy calculation routine As explained earlier this routine is called each hour of the year Upon entry the program iterates through every exposed surface t
14. 99 simulation study LOCATION NAGOYA JAPAN PLAN NNV TYPE Office Weather Year 1999 Date of Run 4 MAR 2002 MON SPACE SOLAR H W COOLING FAN LIGHT A C SYST GAS GAS PEAK ELEC TOTAL TOTAL cost HEATING HEATING HEATING ENERGY ENERGY and COMPR OPER FUEL FUEL ELEC ENERGY ELEC UTIL PER ENERGY FRACT ENERGY REQD APPL HOURS HOURS USE cost DEMAND USE cosT BILL AREA GJ SHF GJ kWh xWh xWh Hrs Hra GJ KW xWh Sq m JAN 868 6 0 09 3 5 36 6683 39561 o 715 872 18516 213 6 46280 4479 22995 1 44 FEB 695 5 0 10 3 2 43 6004 36862 o 646 699 14835 219 9 42909 4421 19255 1 20 MAR 572 0 0 09 3 5 60 6439 36370 o 715 575 12218 210 2 42869 4300 16518 1 03 APR 270 5 0 08 3 0 113 5958 23483 692 273 5807 197 1 29554 3606 9413 0 59 MAY 72 0 0 08 2 6 2938 6099 14778 28 715 75 1583 314 5 23815 4822 6404 0 40 JUN 10 8 0 08 2 5 16724 6622 28097 83 692 13 282 434 3 51442 7400 7682 0 48 JUL 0 5 0 18 2 2 42870 8695 40425 162 715 3 58 539 1 91990 10310 10368 0 65 AUG 1 2 0 04 2 1 56140 3834 41027 176 715 3 70 607 0 107002 11746 11816 0 74 SEP 4 5 0 10 2 3 27775 7791 33151 89 692 t 145 545 7 68718 9460 9605 0 60 OCT 88 0 0 08 2 6 2806 6667 16046 10 715 91 1923 286 5 25519 4545 6469 0 40 Nov 330 3 0 09 3 1 330 6895 26226 1 692 333 7079 201 8 33452 3821 10900 0 68 DEC 671 6 0 09 3 7 61 7818 39741 o 715 675 14336 216 5 47619 4567 18904 1 18 TOT 3585 5 0 09 34 4 149896 85505 565421 556 8423 3619 8 3986 2 611168
15. City Name NAGOYA zi WBAN Latitude Longitude Time Zone Elevation Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Dry Bulb Ave 27 49 77 13 2 182 21 8 261 27 8 238 17 4 411 5 59 Deg Cc Ave Std Dev 19 430 24 26 26 26 24 21 R5 22 24 28 DeaC DyBubMas 68 Jos las fer Jao oso fse fot ora 22 ros fios Dea c Max Std Dev Deg C Dew Point Ave 3 3 429 05 71 124 167 421 9 222 183 11 6 47 02 Deg C DP Std Dev 29 432 435 j47 34 433 fl2 j8 pE 32 37 BR Deg CC Solar Radiation dam Wind Speed m sec Save As New Save As Update Cancel OK gt gt For New or Revision only If Std Deviations are unknown enter Monthly Extreme DB s ever recorded or Monthly Means of Annual Extreme Exeme Dy Bub oo oo oo oo oo oo f oo oo f oo oo oo oo foege OR MeanAnn Exteme 0 0 oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo Dege Fig 5 Weather data screen A new city i e one that is not already in the database can be entered simply by editing the values on this screen After a new city is entered you must click on the Save as New button so those data will be available at a future date If you do not know the monthly standard deviations for daily average and maximum temperatures enter the extreme high ever recorded value or the average of annual extremes in one of the two bottom rows provided and the program will compute an estima
16. Soebarto 1995 Software description of ENER WIN A visual interface model for hourly energy simulation in buildings Proceedings of Building Simulation 95 Fourth International Conference 692 696 International Building Performance Simulation Association Madison WI August Soebarto Veronica I and L O Degelman 1995 An interactive energy design and simulation tool for building designers Proceedings of Building Simulation 95 Fourth International Conference International Building Performance Simulation Association Madison WI Aug 14 16 pp 431 436 Degelman Larry O and V I Soebarto 1994 ENER WIN A visual interface model for hourly energy simulation in buildings Proceedings of the 2nd Engineering amp Architecture Symposium E amp A 94 College of Engineering and Architecture Prairie View A amp M University 21 22 March Degelman L O 1991 A statistically based hourly weather data generator for driving energy simulation and equipment design software for buildings Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Technology for Improving the Energy Use Comfort and Economics of Buildings Worldwide 592 599 International Building Performance Simulation Association Nice Sophia Antipolis France August Degelman L O 1990 ENERCALC A weather and building energy simulation model using fast hour by hour algorithms Proceedings of the 4th National Conference on Micro computer Application in Energy 15 22 Tucson AZ Universit
17. Viewing and printing of tabular output 1 While in any graphics screen click on Tabular Output The tabular data are presented in 9 sections Project Data Zone Data Monthly Summary HVAC Design Data Peak Demand Profiles Cost Analysis Weather Summary Floating Temperatures and Hourly Output Select 23 the type of output you want to view by clicking the desired button on the tabular screen 2 Some of the sections are rather long so they are broken into smaller parts The zone data will be presented for 5 zones at atime If the building has more than 5 zones click the Next button at the bottom of the output screen to view the next 5 zones Click Previous to view the previous 5 zones Some of the other sections should be treated the same way e g the weather data 3 To print the output you are viewing click the Print button and OK 4 The output occupies 132 columns which may not all fit on the screen however the program will automatically print the output in a smaller font that fits into the A4 or 8 5 x11 format A good example of the 132 column format is shown in the Summary screen in Figure 21 le of Tabular Out Sam ut ewin2 sample engr nu2 inp Zone Data HVAC Design Print Save Output Main Menu Peak Profiles Cost Analysis Weather Graphical Float Temp Monthly Summaries II MONTHLY SUMMARIES oF WHOLE BUILDING ENERGY USE PAGE 49 4 PROJECT BS
18. of the zones To cleanup the zones click on the Cleanup command Cleanup will redraw the entire floor plan and will remove all the dashed guidelines that you have drawn Another way the cleanup function is performed is to advance to another level and then return again The grids as well as the drawing will be redrawn without dashed guidelines e Drawing Units pull down The drawing units pull down will show you that you are working in either Sl or IP units There are no selections available with this menu and it has no purpose other than being informational e Help pull down The help menu has a tutorial that provides brief explanations of how to use the drawing screen functions e lt lt Back Button The lt lt Back button is at the lower left of the screen It is to be used to exit the sketch screen and take you back to the main menu Clicking on the button will cause the program to calculate all the zone geometry information from your sketched plans e File pull down Not all the functions of this menu are working at this time It is intended to be used when you want to save the drawing independent of your project load the drawing print the building sketch directly to a printer copy the sketch to a clipboard for use by other graphics Windows programs or to cancel changes and return This last feature Cancel changes and return is a safety guard against an inadvertent erasure of a floor or if you simply wish to return to your previous
19. on the first and fourth floors and maintaining the atrium zone information for the second floor and adding the roof cover and skylight information for that level Since ENERCALC sums all zone loads it is irrelevant as to what level the zone occupies in the building This resulted in having 25 zones for the entire building A conventional VAV air distribution system was assumed for all zones with a central chiller serving all the zones Daylighting dimmers were assumed to be operating in all the office areas and of course in the atrium Quite significant energy savings can be seen from daylighting on the output sheets ENERCALC does not have the capability to evaluate the effects of the rock bed storage system except in a superficial way by specifying a high internal mass for the zones No attempt was made to simulate this effect The following pages show the published building as well as the input information for ENER WIN Selected sheets from the output are also included to show the building s energy performance Number of floors 4 Number of unique levels 3 Number of HVAC zones 25 Number of envelope surfaces 127 Results of simulations of different lengths Wks A C Energy use Energy cost Total Present month Tons Btu sa ft sq ft Worth sa ft seconds Days H C 135 300 67 23 3097 1127 136 500 67 56 2996 1034 137 800 67 91 6 2983 1042 135 000 67 42 9 2953 1031 Computer was an Intel Pentium runni
20. that dewpoints can never exceed the dry bulbs and that dewpoints are somewhat suppressed by days of high solar insolation 5 The required solar information is average daily horizontal insolation The program permits the user to enter these values in a choice of two different units Btu per square foot for I P system or Kilojoules per square meter for SI system If these data are not available for the site in question values may be approximated by using nearby sites or regression methods that apply hours of sunshine or percent sunshine 6 Average wind speeds must be entered for each month The user may select to enter these in miles per hour I P or meters per second SI Standard deviations for wind speeds are set internally to equal 0 35 times their average values This constant was selected after a long study of wind variations while doing the research to develop this computer program 7 Method for computing standard deviations Most of the weather data required as input are readily available from publications such as the U S Climatic Atlas or the U S Department of Commerce Climatological Summaries These publications include monthly average values for dry bulb temperatures daily maximum temperatures dewpoint temperatures wind speeds and daily horizontal insolation In locations where these data are not available in tabular form they may be estimated from the isoclinic maps that are included in the Climatic Atlas Standar
21. water system whose hourly energy consumption is estimated from the computed total load and the user specified C O P or SEER Air handler fans are always at full load capacity but turn off when the space is unoccupied AND there is no heating or cooling load Fan horsepower is derived from the required flow volume and the static pressure loss converted to kWh and summed hourly There is no attempt to allocate central units to a particular set of zones Economizer cooling vent cooling can be specified for this system Multizone A separate air duct is assumed to travel to each zone where no additional heating or cooling occurs Supply air temperature to each zone is set by mixing dampers before it leaves the MZ unit Air supply volume is always the sum of the total design value of all the zones Central plant is assumed to be air cooled or water cooled chilled water system whose hourly energy consumption is estimated from the computed total load and the user specified C O P or SEER Air handler fans are always at full load capacity but turn off when the space is unoccupied AND there is no heating or cooling load Fan horsepower is derived from the required flow volume and the static pressure loss converted to kWh and summed hourly There is no attempt to allocate central units to a particular set of zones Economizer cooling vent cooling can be specified for this system Fan Coil Units FCU Fan coil units are assumed to be all water 4 pipe s
22. 1 BUILDING DATA Building Type Community Center Cooling system Roof top units Location College Station Texas Heating System Gas Evaluation Year 1996 Total Floor Area 14 364 sq ft Wall assembly Insulated brick veneer Occupied days week 5 Window material Single pane clear Zone Name Floor Occupancy Hot Ventilation Lighting Receptacle Infil NatVent Area ft2 Water a watt ft2 Assembly 3024 15 0 5 No outside air Fuoresce Main Corridor 1836 15 1 0 No outside air Fuoresco 0 6 No Office 1872 15 5 0 7 outside air Fluoresce nt Inside Corridor 2664 15 1 5 No outside air ptr Class 1728 15 outside air bie A Class II 3240 15 outside air Frese 14 364 a ea eS a a E Results of simulations of different lengths Wks A C Energy use Energy cost Total Present Run Time Degree month Tons Btu sq ft sq ft Worth sq ft seconds Days H C 163 100 62 83 1827 2874 163 300 62 74 1736 2800 164 300 63 12 6 1699 2821 162 800 62 94 1713 2807 Computer was an Intel Pentium running less than 1 MHz under Windows XP 32 Vil TECHNICAL GUIDE TO ENER WIN SIMULATION SEQUENCES The general flow of the calculation procedure in Ener Win is as follows ENER WIN interface The interface is written in Visual Basic which is an event oriented language As such there is no specific flow dictated by the program The user is in control of the order in which the inputs are entered by clickin
23. 11 standard deviations above the mean along a Normal Distribution curve This means the program will give back the mean of annual extremes in its simulation process It does not generate the extreme ever recorded value 2B Obtain the extreme maximum temperature ever recorded value for each month from a climatic atlas The program will subtract the values in step 1 from these extreme values and divide the difference by 3 1 This will yield the standard deviations for each month Note this method is the least preferred since it is affected by anomalies that may have existed during the period of data collection used for your source of published data Use method 2A if possible 3 Enter either the mean of annual extremes or extreme maximum temperature ever recorded in the provided boxes in the bottom of the Weather Data screen of ENER WIN The program will automatically estimate the standard deviations for monthly average temperatures by using regression results from previous statistical samples of weather data from a group of cities 4 Next the program will estimate the standard deviations for dewpoint temperatures by setting them equal to the standard deviations for the average dry bulb temperatures derived in step 3 Not much error can be produced within the program by this gross approximation There are other restraining factors in the program which have equal control over values of dewpoint temperatures such as the physical restraint
24. 2 145 an 28 Jun 1 275 19 1 14 7 4 13 15 Ar 19 24 23 28 Jun 19 26 8 19 1 14 9 4300 28 Jun 20 26 19 15 2 Time of Day 4301 28 Jun 20 252 189 155 4302 28 Jun 22 242 188 158 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 35 100 34 4303 28 Jun 23 23 3 18 7 16 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 5 3 100 31 4304 28 Jun 24 22 5 18 4 16 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 27 100 28 4305 29 Jun 1 27 183 167 0 0 0 0 0 0 76 33 99 94 4306 29 Jun 2 21 18 3 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 76 EE 99 9 4307 29 Jun 3 20 5 18 2 wN 0 0 0 0 0 0 76 28 99 88 gt EWETHS Ie Fig 23 Sample Excel display of temperature and solar data from a cloudy day in June 25 C Summary of the types of output available From ten to thirteen sections of results will be produced depending on the options chosen Header page 1 Identifies user and program 2 Repeats weather and economic data Material Descriptions 1 Describes user identified and default wall and window materials Project and Building Data 1 Identifies building and basic building data 2 Lists data pertinent to each zone identified in the building Monthly Summaries of Heating and Cooling 1 Monthly and annual energy consumption and cost totals 2 Total annual energy and total energy budget Peak Load and Annual Load Breakdown 1 Identifies peak demand days and annual load for heating and cooling breakdown of heat gain and heat loss Design Loads by Zones 1 Identifies design load of each zone duct sizes HVAC equipment size etc
25. 760 hours An example of each format may be viewed and compared to your weather file to confirm if you have selected the right weather file before you run the simulation e The program will disable the simulation length option per month and the design temperatures and will always simulate every hour in the year 4 Enter the analysis period in a Day Month format e g 15 Mar and enter the simulation year Warning The simulation can only be done for months within the same year Example 15 Jan to 20 Nov 2008 is correct but 15 Oct 2008 to 15 Mar 2009 is incorrect 5 If desired you may select Produce Hourly Output File Please be aware that this option can produce rather large output files Be sure your disk space can accommodate an extra 10Mbytes from the simulation The hourly output files are called ecalc hry etemp hry and eweth hry and will be located under the temp sub directory of the Ener Win directory These are formatted for use by the Microsoft Excel software Ener win enables the user to call Excel from within so the data can be reviewed before leaving the program Note Ener win will not automatically save Excel files after you shut down the software It s necessary that you save the files under a unique name just before you exit the Excel software 6 Each ENER WIN run also includes reports that show the hourly floating space temperatures accompanied by space RH MRT and Operative Temp
26. Comfortable 20 27 Hot gt 27 lt Operative Temperature Hrs This Month 713 100 3 0 0 0 715 Occupied Hours Fig 24 Partial screen of floating space temperatures D Viewing output from the main menu screen If you return to the main menu screen before viewing all the output from a run you can still view or review it from the main menu Figure 25 shows the pull down menus that are available Notice that you can even review output from a previously run project provided that you have saved it in a previous session The dialog box for retrieving output from a previously run project is shown in Figure 26 1 Select View Output from the pull down menu in the main menu 2 Youcan select any optional outputs Tabular Results Floating Space Temperatures or Graphical Output 3 If you want to view another output file select Retrieve Another Output File on the View Output pull down menu and specify the output file name continued in Figure 26 Tabular Results i Project Data Floating Space Temperatures Zone Data Graphical Results gt Monthly Summaries H AC Design Data Retrieve Another Output File Peak Demand Profiles Cost Analysis Weather Summary Peak Heating Load Peak Cooling Load Annual Heating Load Annual Cooling Load Monthly Heating Cooling Monthly Utility Costs Breakdown of Annual Energy Fig 25 Output viewing options 27 View Output basecase ot1
27. Fin ENER WIN Software for building energy analyses Copyright 2007 Users Manual tae ENER WI argy Simulation Program for B or Buil N dings July 2007 L O Degelman P E Idegelman suddenlink net Degelman Engineering Group Inc 2206 Quail Run College Station Texas 77845 6232 DEC END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT Definition of terms e Ener Win This software the subject of this agreement the Windows version of Energy Calc Energy Calculations for Buildings originally developed in the Department of Architecture Texas A amp M University Ener Win operates under MS Windows on IBM compatible personal computers and is intended for architects engineers builders code officials and educators who wish to obtain detailed estimates of energy performance of buildings e DEG Degelman Engineering Group Inc the Licensor e You The end user of this software the Licensee e License the permission given You by DEG to use Ener Win You are not buying this software Warranty Disclaimers and Liability Limitations Ener Win and any and all accompanying software files data and materials are distributed and provided AS IS and with no warranties of any kind whether express or implied You acknowledge that good software usage procedures dictate that any program including Ener Win must be thoroughly tested with non critical data before you rely on it and you hereby assume the entire risk of u
28. MO number could be obtained though this does not affect any calculations If an identifier number is not available any 5 character description may be entered The best idea would be to use n a to indicate that an i d number was not available at input time If it is located at a later date it could be input through the update mode No consequence will occur if the WBAN or WMO number is missing It is used only to identify the actual weather station The most accurate simulations occur when the standard deviations are calculated from long periods ten years or more of daily data Many times however these data cannot be found In these cases acceptable simulations can be carried out using estimates of the standard deviations derived as follows 1 Obtain average and average maximum temperatures for each month of the year from published climatological summaries or a climatic atlas Then perform either step 2A or 2B by following the program s instructions very carefully 2A Obtain the mean of annual extremes for the maximum temperatures for each month from published summaries These values will be higher than the corresponding values for average maximum temperatures found in step 1 The program will subtract the values in step 1 from those in step 2A and divide this difference by 2 11 This will yield the standard deviations for each of the 12 months The program is designed to simulate variables from 2 11 standard deviations below the mean to 2
29. an be used to indicate differences in the shading from a deciduous tree in summer and winter or it can indicate the presence of summer sunscreens that are removed for the winter months To represent this simply copy on a second row all the data for the wall that the sketch program has provided Then edit both lines so one says S and one says W On the line with the S specify the shading condition On the line with the W remove or revise the shading condition Caution If you specify any seasonal indicators you must be sure that for every S wall the same wall is also present as a W wall If you return to the sketch routine at any later time all the S W indicators will be lost and the original wall reverts back to a B The following variables are only used if you have selected the Daylighting Option in the zone Ven Blind venetian blinds This takes on values of only 0 or 1 meaning No or Yes respectively It is only utilized for calculating daylighting distributions in the interior spaces when the daylighting option is selected The default value is 0 Diff Shade Trans diffuse shade transmissivity If a diffuse type of interior shade is utilized enter it transmissivity value here Other exterior shades can be entered in the window properties catalog in the solar heat gain coefficient SHGC The diffuse shade transmissivity will only affect daylighting calculations but not thermal The default value of O means that a d
30. ar is not available click on View Toolbars and Picture Place your cursor over this icon and you will see the word Crop appear Click on it once Next place the cropping icon at one of the corners of your image click and drag it inward until it meets the actual corner of the ENER WIN graph that you wish to retain Release the mouse button and you will notice that the extraneous perimeter region has disappeared If you want to crop some more simply click on another corner and move the cursor toward the center in the same fashion Repeat this operation for the opposite corner until the image appears the way you want it To make the cropping tool disappear click outside the image Fig 20 The Microsoft Word cropping symbol You may now move the image resize it put a title under it etc No matter what you do you now have it contained in a page of a report that you can print or save for later updating Don t exit your word processor Simply touch Alt Tab and you will be back in ENER WIN ready to continue viewing results Go to the next screen you wish to print and repeat the procedure described above To access Word the second time you need only press Alt Tab After you are accustomed to doing this you will be able to place all the ENER WIN graphic screens in a Word document in only a few minutes Please be aware that ENER WIN never saves graphic images rather it generates them from numerical data each time it runs B
31. commonly referred to as plug loads This includes computers business equipment audiovisual equipment coffee makers refrigerators etc but not the space conditioning equipment Power density profile This profile is selected from the lighting profile schedules It will apply to both the lighting and the small equipment Lighting and equipment are evaluated separately within the program but they are assumed to follow the same schedule The contents of the schedule are hourly values of percent of connected loads NOTE The schedules apply to only occupied days On unoccupied days the occupancy hot water ventilation and lights are assumed to be turned off Environmental control equipment however is assumed to be operating at all times in response to the conditions set by the user for occupied and unoccupied conditions Temperature Profiles There are four separate temperature schedules permitted for each zone in the building These schedules are referred to as Summer Occupied Winter Occupied Summer Unoccupied and Winter Unoccupied The program uses these schedules as thermostat dead bands for occupied upper and lower temperatures and unoccupied upper and lower temperatures 12 respectively The program will permit the system to cool or heat on any day of the year if the load conditions cause the internal temperature to float outside the temperature range between these upper and lower limits on any given hour Each schedu
32. crete has the highest reflectivity and will yield slightly higher air conditioning loads The user is free to edit any of the wall exposures but roof and floor exposures should not be changed as both of these invoke special calculation routines in the program when performing heat loss gain calculations After you sketch a building you will notice two surfaces that have exposure numbers containing a 7 The first one with just a 7 represents the zone s outer 1 meter perimeter band that has its edge exposed to the weather The second surface will show a two digit number e g 71 72 73 or 74 etc The second digit is the calculated distance in meters between the outside edge and the centroid of all remaining floor area that is not part of the edge condition In the simulation process this distance will factor into the soil temperature calculations by time of year You will notice that the sum of the areas for the two conditions will always equal the total zone area Notice also that upper floors will not show any surfaces with earth contact i e no exposure value with a 7 Exterior Shade Four possible exterior shade conditions could exist L left R right F front and T top The sketch routine has the capability of determining R L and F shading conditions however the user must include the T shading condition for roof overhangs and porches Only three of the four shades may be entered on any one wall When the software encoun
33. d are in bar chart format while e and f are in line graph format Ener Win will not printout its graphic images directly however you can do this with Microsoft Word When you see the image you wish to print simply touch the PrtSe print screen key Do not press Ctrl or Shift while you are doing this It may appear as if nothing has happened but Windows has placed your entire screen image on its clipboard This is now available to many other Windows applications Do not terminate your ENER WIN run Click on your Word icon to begin Microsoft Word If your Word icon is not visible touch Alt Tab until you are able to access your other Windows software then begin Word in the manner you are accustomed to When you are in Word go to a blank page and click on Edit then on Paste You can also use the simple shortcut Ctrl V The ENER WIN screen will appear in your Word document From this point you may handle the image like any other Word document image i e resize it move it or print it The imported image will be the entire screen so the ENER WIN graph may have a lot of unwanted area surrounding it You can trim extraneous information from around the edges of the ENER WIN graph Here s how to crop the image Click once anywhere in the ENER WIN image Sizing handles will appear around the image In your picture toolbar there is a Cropping icon that looks like two attached plus signs see Figure 20 Note if the picture toolb
34. d auditoriums so all three of these occupancy profiles would be used in the same building Simply click once on the profile number to select it Each occupancy profile contains 24 hourly values of the average daily occupancy pattern All values are in percent and can be edited Hot water Specify the average number of volume units of hot water used per person per occupied day Hot water profile Clicking on the profile box will load the default set of hot water use profiles Select one of these in the same manner as for occupancy All values are in percentage and can be edited Ventilation Ventilation is defined as mechanical introduction of outside fresh air not natural ventilation and not supply air volume It can be described in terms of volumetric units per person volumetric units per unit floor area or as a percent of total HVAC supply air Clicking on the ventilation rate box will load a dialog box for selecting ventilation method and rate Once entered a suffix will be automatically added either CP flow per person CS flow per square unit floor area or PA percent outside air Ventilation profile This is selected in the same manner as occupancy and hot water Profile values may be in percent of peak values or as 0 or 1 which means off or on Any number greater than 1 is treated as a percentage Any number less than 1 is treated as a fraction One special profile is reserved to represent the case where outd
35. d deviations are more difficult to obtain but records for some stations are available from the National Climatic Center Asheville North Carolina 28801 When data are not available the standard deviations can be computed from daily temperatures published in the Local Climatological Summaries The formula for the standard deviation is the standard statistical equation as shown below 2 2 x nx o i n 1 where o standard dev for the period of time studied n number of days in sample xj daily temperature values X ave temperature for period studied gt xj n The above data should be prepared in advance of running the ENER WIN program Once in the weather update feature you will be prompted for all the input items as described above C Economics Button loads the following screen Economics Data c ewin2 sample engr nu2 inp Econ Mech Solar Life Esc Disc Rate Help Economic Life years ENERGY COST Electric Mech System Life is years Solar System Life years GJoule Discount Rate fraction maz 1000 L Building Cost Demand Charge Escalation E fraction Schedule Undo Last Cancel Fig 6 The economics screen Variables in the economics screen are e Economic Life This is the total economic life of the proposed project Itis the time period used for the present worth computations The value defaults at 20 years There are no calculations performed for project salvage value a
36. ding Serich c WLGWchoa 1S 1WictiontS1 te Fig 8 The building sketch screen showing 23 colored zones Feature List Coordinates Cursor location is shown as x y coordinates at the lower left corner of the screen The drawing matrix origin is at the lower left corner of the drawing grid Grid Size used to scale the drawing Drawing scale is set by specifying the size of one drawing grid or cell Enter the grid dimension in the first box in the menu list on the left side until you see that the entire building can be placed on the screen To determine the overall dimension of the screen place the cursor at the upper right corner of the drawing grid The indicated coordinates will be the maximum size you can draw Fractional grid sizes are permitted Num Firs Number of floors This variable can be set to any integer number It is NOT the floor number in the building Its value represents the number of floors that are identical to the one being drawn The purpose of this setting is to let the user represent multiple floors of hotels and office buildings without redrawing each floor in the building The output results will therefore be for the whole set of floors and the user will need to divide the equipment loads equally between all floors Usually the top story of a high rise building should be entered as a single story since it will have roof loads in addition to wall loads The default value is 1 and should be kept this way unless y
37. done under the initialization routines t Using the adjusted system COP calculate the electric power consumed by the chiller in the past hour based on the current cooling load u Calculate the air handler supply volume based on system type and sensible heating or cooling loads Calculate the fan horsepower and electrical consumption in last hour v Compute other electrical energy used in the last hour for lights equipment and domestic hot water based on hourly schedules for each w Compute gas consumption in the last hour based on the current heating load and the input heating system efficiency or COP x Compute gas consumption for domestic hot water used in the last hour based on hourly use schedule and heater efficiency y Sum results for output reports Summations are performed in numerous categories see tabular output and are reported after each month of simulation is complete z After completion of all zone loads and energy use for the past hour control is transferred back to the weather generator routine new weather data is derived the energy subroutine is called again and the sequence begins at item a above Output Routines After all 8760 or 8784 hours are complete the energy simulation program finishes writing several output files and control is transferred back to the interface routine At this time the user has a variety of choices in viewing output by clicking on the various output reports Many of these are i
38. e agreement between the parties on the subject matter and merges and supersedes all other or prior understandings purchase orders agreements and arrangements This License shall be governed by the laws of the State of Texas and U S Copyright laws There are no third party beneficiaries of any promises obligations or representations made by DEG herein Any waiver by DEG of any violation of this License by you shall not constitute or contribute to a waiver of any other or future violation by you of the same provision or any other provision of this License By installing copying downloading accessing or otherwise using the Software You agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement Trial copies Copies of Ener win can be freely downloaded from the Ener win web site and are full running versions for a 45 day trial period The web site is http enerwin com or http enerwin org Copyright 2007 by DEG Inc All rights reserved Windows MS Windows and Visual Basic are registered trade marks or software names of the Microsoft Corporation IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation and ENER WIN is copyrighted software programs by the Department of Architecture Texas A amp M University ii TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBJECT END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT l STRUCTURE OF THE SOFTWARE Il MAIN MENU BUTTONS Project Description Button Weather Data Button Economics Button Building Sketch But
39. e floor plan In the case of the Erase Window option just click and drag a window over the portion you wish to erase You may continue to erase as many windowed portions as you desire without returning to the edit pull down menu If you wish to stop erasing and return to the drawing mode simply click on the next zone color that you wish to draw and continue drawing This will automatically disable the erase mode until you select it again If you select the Erase All option you will be given a chance to confirm your intention before the erasing is performed Erasing of any floor except the top floor will erase the floor plan but will not remove the floor The program assumes that you will draw another floor plan in its place If you do not draw another floor plan the floor is regarded as an open air space like a parking garage or HVAC floor and will treat it as an unconditioned outdoor space that becomes heat gain loss area for the floor below and floor above If you erase the top floor the building height is reduced by one floor level or you can elect to redraw that floor also e View pull down Use the view pull down menu to redraw the grid or to clean up the drawing After you perform the Erase Window command the grids are also erased so you may wish to redraw the grids using the View menu To do this click on the Refresh Grid command Sometimes erasing portions of the drawing will also leave uneven edges on some
40. e or a large building by drawing HVAC zones in the building To create a space first click on a one of the color coded zone boxes on the left side and edit in a room name Immediately place the drawing cursor over a grid location and while holding down the left mouse button drag a rectangle to the diagonally opposite corner of where you want the zone to be located When you release the mouse button the space will flood with the color of that zone selected There will be no lines around the border An alternative but slower method of drawing is to use the Grid Fill Erase method To change the drawing method click on the Drawing Mode pull down menu and select the Grid Fill Erase mode Alternatively you may use the shortcut Ctrl G In this mode when you click on a cell it fills with color and second click on that cell will erase the color This is a good way to remove small portions of the rectangular zones to make them take on other shapes or to place voids such as courtyards in the building plan The drawing mode pull down also shows a dashed line drawing option Though you may wish to draw dashed lines as drawing guides it has no functional purpose at this time and will not actually reappear when you re enter that drawing level the next time This feature will be expanded later to let the user describe roof or shading device overhangs Edit pull down Use the edit pull down menu to erase an area defined by a window or to erase an entir
41. eratures for the hottest and coldest days in each of four seasons of the year Included with this analysis is a monthly summary of the number of hours the internal space was outside the comfort zone during occupied hours You may set the upper and lower bounds of this comfort zone regardless of how you have defined the temperature control profiles in the zones 21 You have an option to skip one or several months in the simulation period Skipping months means that the building is unoccupied thus there is no internal load however external heat gains and losses are still calculated This option is applicable for buildings such as school buildings during summer months Click OK when you are done specifying the simulation parameters While the simulation is underway the Run Status button will change to Please Stand By Do not click on any buttons at this stage The run shows a progress meter as it is performing the 8760 hours of annual simulation Once the simulation is done the program will report the run time in seconds and activate a button that says Review Output You should then click the Review button which results in the display of the annual breakdown of energy use See Figure 18 You may also view the output later after you have returned to the main menu See Figures 18 and 19 f Breakdown of Annual Energy c ewin2 sample batesnsi inp LX Peak Cooling Ann Heating Ann Cooling 5 Monthly HC
42. g oo a e 3 Briek on block wo insu 909 os 60 o a Precast concrete insul panel 6n os 40 5 Metal insul cuain wan s os mw o 5 _ Userdefined wal J oo f 00 oo 00 7 Membrane woof 125mm rigid insu 6 os 10 00 e Roof w 6 15 cm fiber insul dark colo 284 08 20 o 8 _ Heavywt conc roof w rigidimeul 397 os so 00 e S Of oo oo Insulated door EE 05 oo 00 12 insul wood floor over crawiepace 3n oo 10 00 13 insul cone floor over open space 9 oo 40 o 14 51ab om grade uninsulated se oo so o 15 _ Slab on orade insulated oo 40 o Fig 15 Wall roof floor assembly database 19 IV EXECUTING THE SIMULATION From the Main Menu select 6 Execute Energy Analysis You will get the following choices Run with conventional A C air conditioning or Run a comfort analysis with no HVAC Passive analysis Ey g Building Sketch Routine re b zone Description Parameters ikl 6 Execute Energy Analysis w Ener Win run Options Normal proc Specify if you want to Comfort analysis with no HVAC Passive analysis Fig 16 Analysis options pull down menu e Run with conventional HVAC Execute the simulation with selected HVAC systems e Run comfort analysis without A C This is for evaluating passively heated and cooled buildings no HVAC Output will include the representative hourly space temperatures over t
43. g on various event buttons The program will not allow certain operations to take place specifically the execution of a simulation if portions of the required input data have not been entered ENERCALC simulator The energy calculation module is the main simulation engine for the ENER WIN software It is written in FORTRAN and as such does dictate a specific flow by which the simulations are performed There is no user interaction with the program while the simulation is executing The sequence is as follows 1 Main program The main program is specifically for input processing All data are read and checked for inconsistencies and errors however errors at this stage are highly unlikely since most of the error checking is done prior to this in the interface In the input processing a check is made on whether the software is licensed and if all the required temporary data files are available The beginning day of the week for the simulation process and the type of run standard a c or passive analysis are determined and several temporary files are opened to receive output After the input and error checking are completed an initialization routine is called 2 Initialization routine In this routine the zone and envelope data are placed in related arrays that optimize the computation speed that will be performed later An initial estimate is done for the peak heating and cooling loads in each zone and summed for the entire building The 24 hour
44. h not True North of a normal vector looking outward from the wall surface O is up 90 is right 180 is down 270 is left For roofs and floors this value is always zero but if the roof has a slope an orientation should also be entered These orientations will be adjusted for the building rotation internally in the program when the simulation process is executed Surface Exposure The surface exposure represents the outside surface to which the wall is exposed such as grass concrete trees etc Seven exposure conditions are built into the program These can be selected by number 1 to 7 from the Surface Exp pull down menu Surfaces are identified in Table 1 along with the associated properties Table 1 Surface exposure definitions Surface Outdoor exposure Reflectance percent Reflectance propert Walls Asphalt black Diffuse isotropic only Concrete aged Diffuse isotropic exposed Grass Diffuse isotropic Trees Diffuse isotropic Water 60 above 80 degree incidence Spectral 2 below 25 degree incidence Sky N A because sun amp sky are the N A radiation source Earth contact N A not exposed to sun N A or below grade Wall surfaces are exposed to numbers 1 through 5 Roofs are always designated with a 6 Floors are always designated with a 7 The sketch routine places the default value of 2 concrete in every wall exposure This is a conservative selection since con
45. h might represent certain office buildings or university classroom buildings e Annual Holidays Weekends are not to be considered as holidays since they will already be accounted for with the Occ Days Week value ENER WIN will account for additional holidays unoccupied days by reducing the monthly energy consumption in direct proportion to the number of holidays you enter For example if you enter 12 the program will assume that this is one day per month The energy consumption in each month will be reduced by a fraction equal to 1 divided by the number of occupied days in that month say 1 25 or 1 22 etc in the case of an office building or 1 30 in the case of aresidence Rather than actually skipping the holidays this averaging method was chosen so as to avoid the possibility of missing a peak load design day It also avoids the typical problem of many of the holidays falling on different dates each year and or on different days of the week Auditorium Automotive Facility Bank building Convention center Building Type Court house l Dining bar lounge leisure Dining Cafeteria fast Food Dining Family Dormitory Exercise center Fire station Grocery store Gymnasium Healthcare clinic nursing home Hospital Hotel Laundromat Library Manufacturing Facility plant Motel Motion picture theater Project Infa Hints 1 Begin a new project by clicking the Building Type pulldown menu
46. he course of a day for several seasons throughout the year as well as the discomfort degree hours With either selection you will get the following screen Run Energy Simulation c ewin2 sample enegr nu2 inp Simulated Weather IV Repeat previously run weather sequence Simulation Length TP Week month E 2 3 Dry Bulb Wet Bulb Dry Bulb Summer Winter C Recorded Weather I Produce Hourly Output File Analysis Period i day month Jan _ te 81Dec Comfort Zone Temperature Limits Lower Limit Upper Limit The months you want to skip uy November cme ET Fig 17 Run simulation screen 20 A Energy simulation options Examine the selections on the run screen You may select simulated or recorded weather data You may choose to produce an hourly output file there will actually be three of these produced that will be rather large and will add some time to the simulation run time You may also click on any months you wish to skip if the building is unoccupied for certain seasons of the year This may be useful when running an elementary school that may be closed for a period of time for a break in the summer time 1 Select the type of the weather data you will use for your simulation e Simulated Weather or e Recorded Weather 2 If you use Simulated Weather e The program will use the weather data summary you previously selected from the weather database and derive hou
47. he names of the systems cannot be changed however the performance characteristics and the costs can be changed to reflect local values Caution Subsequent re installations of Ener Win will overwrite your default catalogs To prevent this move the catalog files to a new location before you reinstall an upgrade to Ener Win The wall roof file is prof6 dat and the window skylight file is prof7 dat in the ewin profiles subdirectory The HVAC file is cool dat in the ewin btype subdirectory View Output DAES gs available to edit Wall Roof Floor Catalog Window Skylight Catalog HVAC System Types ri 1 Project Information a Weather Data Selection 2000 City Database 3 Economic Parameters EN 4 Building Sketch Routine re 5 Zone Description Parameters First time user mee a Normal procedure gt Click the icons or the numbered items shown above Ener Win project Use the View Output pop down menu to retrieve results of previous project SampleProject inp Click the Sample Project button to load a sample project for execution Retrieve output results from a Other questions E mail inquiry or request to enerwin cox net previous project anyfile ot1 Fig 14 Main menu screen showing database contents Wall Roof and Floor Database WALL AND ROOF CATALOG NewProject inp Help Description Factor Solar Absorption Time Lag Decrement oe Cost il ec 0 a i Ml 1 insul wood fame w wd sidin
48. iffuse shade is not present Sill Ht sill height Enter the window sill height above floor level This value is used only for daylighting calculations This value is defaulted at 0 75 meters 30 inches Height of Window Top Enter the window header height above floor level This value is used only for daylighting calculations This value is defaulted at 2 25 meters 7 feet Grd Reflec Fract ground reflection fraction If the outdoor horizontal surface reflection is known with certainty enter its value here as a decimal fraction If this value is left as a zero the default it will be assumed to be equal to the built in reflectance of the exterior surface exposure entered earlier This value is used only for daylighting calculations and is especially useful if light shelves are the exterior horizontal surface 18 lll REVISING THE PERMANENT DATABASES The permanently stored databases can be edited to reflect the local costs and default construction assemblies and window types The pull down menu is shown in Figure 14 The databases are for a wall and roof catalog b window and skylight catalog and the HVAC system type catalog An illustration of the wall and roof catalog is shown in Figure 14 The assembly names as well as all thermal properties and costs can be permanently changed to reflect local values On all subsequent runs of Ener Win your new values will show up as the default values In the case of the HVAC system types t
49. immediate HVAC load All radiative gains losses are assumed to elevate lower the internal surface temperatures by an amount equal to the total indoor mass divided by the specific heat of the building contents assumed at 0 22 Btus per pound per deg F m Compute the convective heat transfer from internal mass back to interior air by using the inside surface area and a heat transfer coefficient equal to that for vertical walls Add this to previously calculated HVAC load n Compute the new internal mass temperature based on heat transferred from the mass back to the indoor air o Compute the new temperature of the indoor air Maintain air temperature within the thermostat setpoints based on the hourly temperature schedule If the run is for passive design the temperature setpoints are removed and indoor air temperature is permitted to float based on sensible heat gains or losses p Calculate moisture gained or removed from interior space and compute the space RH q Compute the ventilation load on the central air handler unit and add this to other sensible and latent loads on system Transfer these loads to the chiller r Compute the chiller system COP adjusting the input design COP by outdoor temperature outdoor RH indoor temperature and partial load fraction s Test to see if anew peak design load has been encountered for either heating or cooling Reset the peak design value if necessary This will replace the original estimate
50. is box is simply set at Yes or No If a Yes is clicked the air handlers in that zone will admit 100 outside air when conditions permit and shut off the chiller The criterion for use of outside air for economizer cooling is internal to the program and is set at 13C 55F The economizer feature is never blocked from use so the user is left with the responsibility of knowing which systems would allow for economizer cooling Normally this would not be used with fan coil units and DX residential systems Economizers are specified either on or off zone by zone Static Pres Static pressure This value is the external static pressure loss expected for the zone s air handling unit This is used internally in the program to compute fan energy use hourly as the program derives the volumetric flow and applies the fan formula to get fan horsepower and the electrical kWh used A default value is included for each of the HVAC air handler types previously described Cool COP Cooling COP or SEER in IP units This is the Seasonal Coefficient of Performance or Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio of the central plant computed as aggregated cooling loads total kWh input In the case of small packaged systems the manufacturer s published COP can be used In the case of a large system the total power input must include the compressor chilled water pump condenser water pump if any and cooling tower fans if any The ENER WIN software makes hourl
51. le has 24 values representing all hours of the day HVAC System AC Type The a c type is selected from the HVAC System pull down menu There are nine types of systems built into the program Fairly rigid assumptions are affiliated with each system The conditions are as follows 1 Variable Air Volume VAV control boxes are assumed to exist for each zone Central plant is assumed to be air cooled or water cooled chilled water system whose hourly energy consumption is estimated from the computed total load and the user specified C O P or SEER The air volume is modulated by a variable speed motor drive that will reduce airflow down to 50 of the peak design volume The air handler fan is assumed to turn off when the space is unoccupied AND there is no heating or cooling load No hot deck or reheat is assumed to exist for the cooling mode Fan horsepower is derived from the required flow volume and the static pressure loss converted to kWh and summed hourly There is no attempt to allocate actual VAV units to a particular set of zones Economizer cooling vent cooling can be specified for this system Double Duct Hot and cold air ducts are assumed to travel to all zones where a mixing box controls the temperature of supply air to each zone The air volume is assumed constant at 1 5 times the total design value to approximate the total of the flows in the two duct system Central plant is assumed to be air cooled or water cooled chilled
52. lso window over hangs and some window areas placed in the zone description manually may be reset to zero if the sketch is re opened later Important note Each time the sketch is re opened not recommended all of the zones should be re examined in the zone description forms This may result in a lot of work so if possible the sketch should not be re opened after the project has progressed to any depth of detail 10 Tee RAR ear A np aire Tiska w painea ap bes i enjan eE EE MEDE Eat foe ined iar ven or E m mn FHN Fima vall pEr teed T pe Bia pai mi J cay momi EH S 7 f i tee ie TEA a mae em o o a i a a a a ioo EEA Unde Fig 1 1 Zone description form Internal mass This value represents the total interior mass per unit floor area as though it is uniformly distributed throughout the zone Itis to include the mass of partitions floors ceilings furniture books etc Number of people Maximum expected number of persons occupying this zone Occupancy profile number Clicking once on this box will load a list of occupancy profiles based on different functions See Figure 11 Any profile can be selected from the list regardless of what function was previously selected as the building type For example office buildings secondary schools and auditoriums are listed as building types but if a secondary school is the building type it would normally contain zones labeled as offices an
53. mponents A present worth economic model will bring all costs back to present worth on the year that the computer program is being run That year is determined from the computer s memory e Orientation and Floor Area should not be entered manually Both of these values are determined from the drawing program that is used later e Construction Cost This value is intended to represent the base cost of the building construction excluding all the energy related construction items This excludes the building envelope walls roofs doors and windows HVAC equipment and the lighting system Its purpose is to only establish a base on which the energy related costs will be added so it can be left as zero At the option of the user a value may be entered in order to make a more realistic presentation of the total building cost on the economic output If a value is entered however and the user wants to compare energy investments among several runs it is important to not change this value once it is entered e Occ Days Week In this space enter the average expected number of occupied days per week for the building This value will have already been filled with a default value when you selected the building type e g an office building will show 5 days while a hospital and a residence will show 7 days This variable takes half day increments e g a value of 5 5 would mean the building is occupied Monday through Friday and a half day on Saturday whic
54. n the form of bar charts and graphs and many are in tabular format All the tabular results may be sent to the printer by clicking on the Print button Graphical results may be transferred to word processor documents and manipulated and or printed with their screen colors in tact 34 Vill REFERENCES ON ENER WIN RELATED PUBLICATIONS Degelman Larry 2004 Simulation and uncertainty weather predictions Advanced Bldg Simulation Malkawi and Augenbroe Ed Spon Press New York and London Chap 3 pp 60 86 Degelman L O 2000a A model for evaluation of life cycle energy savings of occupancy sensors for control of lighting and ventilation in office buildings Proc 12th Symposium on Improving Bldg Systems in Hot and Humid Climates Dept of Mech Engr Texas A amp M University College Station TX 15 17 May pp 333 340 Degelman L O 2000b A simulation tool for designing sustainable buildings in global urban environments Proc PLEA 2000 Architecture City Environment Passive and Low Energy Architecture Cambridge UK July pp 771 772 Degelman Larry O Veronica Soebarto and Scott A Arvin 1997 A designer s user computer interface tool for simulating building energy performance Proc InterSymp 97 Int l Conf on Systems Research Informatics and Cybernetics Intl Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics Baden Baden Germany 18 22 Aug pp 19 29 Degelman L O and V I
55. ne Data Summaries HYAC Design Print Save Output Peak Profiles Cost Analysis Weather Graphical Float Temp 7 IX SPACE TEMPERATURES amp PROJECT BS 99 simulation study LOCATION NAGOYA JAPAN PLAN NNV TYPE Office Year 1999 Date of Run 4 MAR 2002 Floating space temperatures and comfort conditions COMFORT CONDITIONS FOR JAN Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 y 8 R 20 Sr SE 8S 26 25 a A ae 29 aD 2h aa 2S ee ZONE 11 Temperatures and Relative Humidities Mech Elec HOTTEST Day This Month Outdoor 4 a 2 2 2o A ee ee Tae ee EL ASS SR ee eee Se ee a 3 amp cg S Be Indoor 8 8 8 8 ie Fe TS Fs EEEE 9 3 3 M 3 3 3 go 32 SS iS in M 82 8 82 G 85 G2 8 O25 8 G2 8 8 3 3 F 3 3 3 So 3 Sa SB Op Temp 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 3 3 a 1S 3 3 3 3 amp Se S Room RH 58 58 58 59 59 59 59 59 58 56 54 52 51 49 49 48 48 48 48 48 49 49 50 51 COLDEST Day This Month Qubdaces 2 2 Sik eee Se HOS KB OES Ss aS OS SS Ee Se OS Le ea indoor 24 23 23 28 23 23 13 13 15 13 24 23 13 15 14 14 24 20 24 028 13 13 3 13 Re NRT 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 14 Qp Teanp 16 15 15 14 14 20 10 10 14 24 100 14 10 14 14 15 16 15 15 14 147 14 14 14 Poom BO 2ic 2 22 22 22 gt 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 21 22 22 21 22 21 Shak 22 22 Ab de COMFORT Criteria Cold lt 20
56. ng less than 1 MHz under Windows XP 29 ENER WIN Building Sketch c ewin2 sample batesnsiinp File Draw Mode Edit View Drawing Units Help Ceiinght _ 3 68 Rotation 0 Level 1 ECS North Offices 1 Mechanical Rm Toilet Room Stairtower South Offices 1 Wrest offices 1 Pedestrian Way Atrum East Offices 1 Zone l 10 Zone l 11 Zone l 12 Zone 1 13 b T T r 8 E S70 gino Zone 1 14 sore tc pier tec laa ac pana macrumors em og ct cian mvc Chie Paine Zone 1 15 et STE ERE OO SUA OC EARP E Zone 1 16 E 2s NE Se De ee Wh G Fig 27 Partial sketch screen showing Gregory Bateson Building 30 Example 2 College Station Conference Center College Station Texas Gross Area 14 364 sq ft Date Renovated 1991 The building has one floor The thermal renovation of the building involved removal of a central chilled water system all water piping all ceiling mounted fan coil units and electric resistance heaters These were replaced with 13 roof top packaged DX air conditioning units with gas heaters The ceiling of a portion of the building was upgraded to R 30 IP units insulation The electric water heater was replaced with a gas water heater The following pages show the published building as well as the input information for ENER WIN Selected sheets from the output are also included to show the building s energy performance Fig 29 Exterior view of gallery hall Fig 30 Interior view of gallery hall 3
57. nterior air it will permit natural ventilation at the rate input by the user If the outdoor air temperatures are suitable to remove the cooling load the air conditioning compressor will be turned off If the outdoor air is too warm or if the building is under a heating load natural ventilation is not utilized Infiltration Rate Enter a value here to represent the air changes per hour ACH of infiltration for the zone being described This is to be regarded as the value at the winter design wind speed Consider the building s age and window types when specifying this value The simulation program adjusts this rate throughout the year based on hourly wind speeds and indoor outdoor temperature differences using the Achenbach Coblentz formula Daylighting Enter Yes or No to indicate the presence of daylight activated dimmers on the lighting system The program assumes continuous proportional dimmers are present If a Yes is entered you must also enter the depth from the outside wall that you wish to apply the dimming This might be the full depth of the zone or just a portion of the zone depth You must also enter a target lighting level in Lux or footcandles so the program knows what level is originally being provided by the electric lighting system The program will compute the daylight contribution and will turn off the electric lights if the daylight level is equal to or greater than the target illumination level If the daylight contribu
58. o determine the heat transfer gain or loss from both temperature and solar radiation effects Separate routines are performed for opaque materials and windows As each surface temperature is computed the temperature history is updated by the new value and the value from 25 hours ago is discarded The sequence for each zone is as follows a Calculate incident sun angle on wall or roof b Calculate sol air temperature on outside surface Update sol air temperature history c Calculate the soil temperatures at specified depths to be used as the outdoor temperature for earth contact surfaces d Calculate TETD through wall using sol air temperature from Time Lag hours ago and current indoor air temperature e Compute instantaneous heat gain through opaque wall to interior by using the TETD and wall U factor f Compute solar and conducted heat gain through windows g Set interior loads from lights equipment and people according to the hourly schedules h If daylighting option has been selected compute the daylight contribution to the interior illuminance and reduce electric lighting load proportionally i Compute infiltration loads adjusting leakage rate by the Coblentz Auchenbach formula based on wind speed and indoor outdoor temperature difference 33 j Separate convective and radiative components of heat gain from walls roof windows lights equipment people and infiltration k All convective gains losses are assumed to be
59. ones and eweth hry hourly weather and solar data You will also see an explanation of how Microsoft Excel will be invoked to display any of the three sets of output data You must select one of these data files then click on the Display it Now button You will probably have to wait for a short time for Excel to read and analyze the dataset If you change your mind you may click on the Return to Tabular Menu or the Cancel button 24 EL Display NOTE This feature will function only if you have Microsoft Excel installed on your computer After you select a display option click the Display it Now button Excel will be executed automatically and will load the spreadsheet data indicated by your selection This will enable you to plot graphs or barcharts from various sets of hourly data from the last run If you wish to save the file permanently for later use simply use the save feature already built into the Excel software You should totally close the Excel application when you are finished with this review as a new copy will be started every time you utilize this feature Display it Now Return to Tabular Menu of Hourly Data Fig 22 The Hourly data dialog screen A sample of an Excel screen with a produced graph is shown in Figure 23 Close the Excel software when you are ready to exit just as you would if you were using it on a stand alone basis Before you exit you may wish to save yo
60. oor air is introduced only when there is a heating or cooling load as might be the case with certain roof top units The user must evaluate the issue of whether this meets accepted ventilation standards and codes 11 Occupancy Profiles percentage c ewin2 sample engr nu2 inp Edit 1232 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 1239 45 67 8 0 0 5 50 80 80 80 80 80 75 30 5 0 0 0O 0 O 0 0 2 5 75 90 90 80 80 80 80 45 15 5 15 20 20 10 2 0 0 0 10 10 10 20 20 20 40 40 80 80 80 10 nicole einicic N N nico gt oe oe ejcicicliclicicolicinici c oe oe gt w gt w w gt w gt J gt w gt w gt wW gt w gt d gt wW gt oe gt oe gt oe eo gt oe gt oe gt 0 0 10 50 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 0 50 30 30 20 20 0 0 0 10 20 20 20 20 60 90 90 35 35 35 60 60 60 40 30 10 10 0 10 20 20 20 20 60 90 90 35 35 35 60 60 60 40 30 10 10 0 10 10 20 50 50 50 60 60 50 50 50 20 50 50 50 50 10 0 0 0 20 20 20 80 80 20 20 20 20 0 0 0 0O 0 0 Oo 0 10 20 50 50 70 70 70 70 80 70 50 50 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 15 70 90 90 90 50 85 80 85 20 0 0O 0 O 0 0 ejs jaja ejcioiaiaicic ejes ejciciaialic ejciclieliecliclicleinic wie ls ajo coico wie ls ajc oico wie ls ajeje wie ls ajco co wie ls ajoc co wie ju ajeje w e ejs js 4 e ejos Alwin ajeje Alwin ajes Alwin ajc o Alwin ajc c Alvin ajc o Alwin ajc co ANiwelw ajeje s ja CELE L S jeja ejs js ja ajojo u ajo o S
61. ou have duplicate floor plans in the building Ceiling Ht Ceiling height This value represents the average floor to floor height of the floor plan being drawn If multiple floors are being represented by the current floor only the height of one floor should be entered At this time there is no feature that will permit different heights to be defined for each zone Instead and average value should be used and it can take on fractional values Rotation This is similar to orientation The upward direction on the building sketch is always referred to as project North though it can actually have any desired compass orientation Simply enter the actual compass bearing of the project North vector In effect you are rotating the building toward that direction The building plan will not move however a red indicator on the small compass in the lower left of the screen will indicate the direction that the project North wall is facing Level n This value cannot be edited and represents the plan level that you are currently drawing It is not necessarily the floor number though it might be It always begins at 1 and will only progress upward i e it cannot take on negative values Therefore when you are beginning a drawing it is important to start with the bottom most floor when sketching the floor plans The first floor you draw might be a basement or sub basement level in the building Level control arrows are included in
62. pancy and holidays later Floor Area 15980 sq m Occ Days week 5 days Construction Cost oid sq m Annual Holidays days Undo Last Cancel Fig 3 Project information screen e Building type This is an important variable and can only be selected when beginning a new project It is selected by clicking on the Building Type pop down menu in the upper left corner There are 42 building types listed from which to choose When the building type has been selected numerous default values are read from the default databases that are shown in Fig 1 and several default parameters are set An image of the pop down screen showing the selection of building types is shown in Fig 4 e Project Name Project Description Design Stage and Scheme Number are character descriptors used only for the user s clarification of the project content None of these are used in the computer software except as titles on the output pages e Location This character field is filled automatically after the weather data have been selected Weather sites can be selected from the Get Weather button or on the next screen e Evaluation year This value has two purposes 1 to make dates coincide with the correct days of the week including the extra day in February on leap years the year 2000 presents no problems for this software and 2 to identify the current year costs for the economic values that are entered for fuel and building co
63. rly values for the period of your simulation e Identify if you wish to use the same weather sequence as your previous run e The program will automatically calculate the design temperatures Summer dry bulb and wet bulb winter dry bulb based on the weather data summary but you may also enter your own design temperatures Note ENER WIN will run in minimal time if you choose to simulate one week of weather data per month i e 7 days This conserves on computer run time but simulations can also be selected for 2 3 or 4 weeks per month The 4 weeks default per month selection will produce the full 8760 hours of simulation per year The reduced simulations are intended to produce the same averages variations and extremes as would be the case for the 8760 hour simulations For example when computing energy consumption a 7 day per month simulation will multiply its derived energy use by 31 7 before it produces an output file Previous research has shown that less than three percent error is introduced by keeping the simulations down to the one week per month value Recent advances in computer processing speed however have made this a less important issue to users 3 If you use Recorded Weather e When you select Recorded Weather the program will ask you to enter the weather file name The weather file could be in a TMY2 WYEC2 IWEC or custom format The weather file should contain hourly data for THE ENTIRE YEAR of the simulation year 8
64. s select only the desired daylighting parameters and then use the E Z parameter copy feature by pressing the Selected Zones button At that time all the zones and their names will be listed and you can check those other offices you wish to copy to Another example would be to specify different temperature schedules in toilet rooms stairwells and corridors Again load one of the corridor zones select the alternative temperature profiles and then copy to all other zones that you desire It is important to keep in mind that all changes made since loading a zone form will be copied if the copy feature is used If you wish to make additional changes and copy them to different zones you should exit the zone form and then re load it before making the next set of changes Bottom Half of Zone Description Form The information on the bottom half of the zone description form contains a description of the various wall roof and floor surfaces as derived from the sketch routine It shows the exposed surface area its orientation an outside surface to which it is exposed a set of shading descriptors window area the surface tilt a Summer Winter indicator and several parameters relating to daylighting Each of these is described below Note In the case of window areas you might be able to save time by using the E Z Window Sizer feature To do this place a window wall decimal fraction in each of the exterior wall orientations N E S and W
65. sing the program This disclaimer of warranty constitutes an essential part of this License Any liability of DEG will be limited exclusively to refund of purchase price if any In addition in no event shall DEG or its principals shareholders officers employees affiliates contractors subsidiaries or parent organizations be liable for any indirect incidental consequential or punitive damages whatsoever relating to the use of Ener Win or to your relationship with DEG In addition in no event does DEG authorize You to use Ener Win in applications or systems where DEG s failure to perform can reasonably be expected to result in a significant liability Any such use by You is entirely at your own risk and You agree to hold DEG harmless from any and all claims or losses relating to such unauthorized use Installation and Use e You may install and use one 1 copy of the Software If You are an educational institution You may install and use an unlimited number of copies of Ener Win at your local site e You may not reproduce and distribute copies of Ener Win to any other users e You may not reverse engineer decompile or disassemble Ener Win e This agreement does not grant You any rights in connection with any trademarks or service marks of DEG or Texas A amp M University e You may not rent lease lend or provide commercial hosting services to third parties with Ener Win General This License is the complete statement of th
66. stage and the output of HVAC sizes after the run is complete The method of drawing a zone is to first edit in the zone name and then IMMEDIATELY draw that zone by dragging a rectangle on the grid matrix If nothing is drawn the zone name will disappear This is intentional so that when any zones are erased intentionally by the user at a later time the zone name will disappear from the list then it becomes available as a zone that can be used The maximum number of zones on any level is 25 and the maximum number of zones in the whole building is 98 A zone may be only one room but it is convenient while retaining accuracy to let a zone represent a group of similar rooms For the example using the actual building from the sketch in Figure 9 the floor plan is represented in Ener win in Figure 10 by having 7 to 12 offices per zone indicated thus saving a lot of sketching time and computer time 313 316 318 320 324 326 328 A 315 317 319 321 323 325 327 al NEW ADDITION Draw Mode Edit View Drawing Units Help Grid Size J1 a DNR RNA Re m e a Bae e i Pe Sag ie a Numfhs 7 n TA AAR SY Ho AE AS AA A ARA KAE AAA AAE en Here PR PA E CeilingHt 378 ooo HES 8 Soren Sie FS eh bette ee oes se EA 2 Rotation 0 reser lt gt oe yy ee awe ae TP os Te Ce ee ee ee Zn area 344 Methods of drawing Drawing of a building plan is accomplished by drawing of individual rooms or in the cas
67. state for any other reason Selecting this option will return you to the main menu and all your recent drawing updates will be disregarded E Zone Description Button After you have completed the initial sketch of a new project you must open at least one zone before you can save the project file Also after returning from the sketch routine in subsequent editing of the building plan you must open at least one zone before you can execute the energy simulation Clicking on the zone description button produces a box listing all the zones from the most recent building sketch Zone descriptions may be viewed by double clicking on any of the zone names or their zone numbers The resulting screen is shown in Figure 11 This form will have data in every position placed there either from defaults or from the building sketch calculations The floor area and the area of wall surfaces are calculated from the sketch Number of people HVAC system type and internal mass are examples of data that are inserted from the default database and are based on the building type you selected previously The user has the choice of changing any or all of these values and they will remain throughout the project unless revised by the user again Some of the values such as floor area should not be changed by editing These will be changed if the sketch is revised The variables that would normally be edited are listed below in the order in which they appear on the screen A
68. t the end of the economic life e Mechanical System Life This value defaults at 15 years to coincide with ASHRAE recommendations If the life is shorter than the project economic life a re investment in the HVAC system is assumed If there is still equipment life remaining at the end of the project life a salvage credit is applied in the present worth calculation The re investment in HVAC and salvage value is accounted for in the equipment maintenance calculation e Solar system life This value defaults at 10 years and represents the nominal life for most solar systems ENER WIN does not perform solar collector evaluations at this time so this value is not used e Discount rate This is the current annual interest rate available to investors representing the value of money Future costs such as fuel and maintenance are discounted at this rate in the present worth calculations e Building cost escalation This is the annual rate of increase in building construction costs in general It is applied to cost estimates of installed building materials and equipment if the project start date is not the same as the year of the computer run e Electric rates Energy cost kWh in the first box Annual rate of price escalation in the second box e Gas rates Energy cost GJoule in the first box Annual rate of price escalation in the second box e Water rates Usage cost 1000 Litres in the first box Annual rate of price escalation in the second
69. ted standard deviation The rest of the data should be self explanatory Note that solar data are average daily horizontal global radiation and wind speeds are average speed without indicating a wind direction From this database the weather simulator model will produce hourly weather data and present and compare the resulting statistics to those that you input You can examine that for validation purposes in the tabular data at the end of the run To modify or enter new weather data for a new city Data required for modifying or entering new weather data are as follows city and state name and WBAN or WMO weather station number latitude longitude standard time meridian and elevation above sea level average dry bulb temperatures standard deviations of average dry bulb temperatures average daily maximum temperatures standard deviations of average daily maximum temperatures average dewpoint temperatures standard deviations of average dewpoint temperatures average daily horizontal solar insolation average wind speed Most of the available weather stations with 30 years of weather records are already in the database These are derived from NOAA publications the WMO World Meteorological Organization and NSRDB National Solar Radiation Data Base NOAA identifies each weather station with a station number known as the WBAN number The WMO uses a WMO number When adding a new station to the database it would be good if the actual WBAN or W
70. ters a front shade the solar radiation is blocked for all hours of the day so it is not necessary to add other shades The number following each shade symbol e g R1 or L1 means that 100 of the solar radiation will be blocked when the sun s azimuth is on that particular side of the wall The convention used for R and L is as viewed from the exterior Since the sketch routine computes all these values it will not be necessary for the user to input any of these If there are other shades such as trees that are not part of the building sketch these can 16 be entered manually with appropriate shading fractions For example R 6 would mean that there is a tree to the right side of the wall as viewed from the exterior that blocks 60 of the sunlight on the average In the case of the T shade the numerical value has an exact geometric connotation T 6 would mean the overhang to window height ratio is 0 6 For a large porch this could be T2 or even T3 Only one digit will be read by the program There should be no space between the shading symbol and the numeric value however one blank must exist following the numeric value and the next shading condition For F shades the numeric value is the Sine of the vertical angle from the horizontal to the top of the shading structure The height of the shading structure is always assumed to be the height of the building being drawn See Figure 13 R RIGHT SHADING POSITION PLAN ELEVATION
71. ters as in any of the other systems described above 9 Evaporative Cooling When evaporative cooling is selected the output should be regarded as a feasibility study rather than a true system design simulation The evaporative cooler air handler functions in the same way as a multizone air handler i e it runs at full capacity when there is any need for cooling The potential supply air temperature for cooling is computed as the temperature that is 0 8 times the distance from the outdoor dry bulb temperature and the outdoor wet bulb temperature That is TS Temperature of Supply Air 0 8 WB 0 2 DB Results of this run will show the number of hours of vent cooling evaporative cooling hours and the total number of compressor hours hours that evaporative cooling could not be used The run will show peak design loads for both heating and cooling HVAC System Heating The heating box is used to specify the type of fuel used for space heating The options are 1 gas 2 electric and 3 heat pump Normally the domestic hot water will also be heated by the same fuel as selected here however if the a c system has been specified to be a heat pump the method of space heating is automatically defined as an electric heat pump If the domestic water heating is to be done by another method such as gas or electric resistance then the selection of a heating fuel type will apply only to the domestic hot water Econ Cycle Economizer Cycle Th
72. the box The right arrow will allow you to ascend through the building and the left arrow will allow you to descend the floors levels in the building When drawing the building for the first time you will be warned that you have exceeded the maximum number of floors in the building when you Click the right arrow in an attempt to add another story If you intended to add another story answer the warning with Yes The result of this will be that the level indicator will advance by one and an exact copy of the floor below will appear This is to give you a boundary in which to draw the new floor plan It also means that stair towers elevators and corridors will probably be where you want them on each successive floor Of course you can erase and redraw any of the room locations on any floor while on any level in the building Zn Area Zone area This box will contain the area of any zone you have just drawn or the area of any zone when you click on that zone name or its color box You cannot edit this value Zone colors and zone names The screen contains 25 boxes each showing a color and a zone name The default name of each zone is Zone followed by level number zone number For example Zone 5 23 represents the 23 zone on level 5 It is highly recommended that these default zone names be replaced for each zone drawn Easily recognized zone names will lower the chances of misinterpreting values for each zone both at the input
73. tion is less than the target illumination level then proportional dimming is applied Accumulated energy savings are computed hourly from the dimming fraction and reported at the end of the simulation If you wish to also know the annual energy savings in air conditioning energy you will need to make two runs one without dimmers and one with dimmers If life cycle costs of a dimming system are being evaluated then it is important to enter into each zone a premium to account for the added cost of the dimmer sensors and controls This premium should be added to the unit cost of the lighting system A normative value is about US 7 or 8 per square meter 70 to 80 cents per square foot Copying changes to other zones button None of the preceding parameters depend on the zone s area Most of the parameters specify values on a per unit area basis a percentage basis a profile number or a Yes No value Specifying these same features in each zone of the building could get quite tedious so a copy feature is included on the zone description form It s called E Z Parameter Copy You may copy the changes you ve just made to all zones or to particular zones two buttons are available on the zone form All Zones and Selected Zones By careful planning you can save a large amount of time by using the copy feature For example you may wish to specify daylighting in only the offices To do this just load one of the office
74. ton Zone Description Button mOoOQO W gt Ill REVISING THE PERMANENT DATABASES IV EXECUTING THE SIMULATION A Energy Simulation Options V VIEWING THE OUTPUT A Graphical Output Viewing and Capture Methods B Viewing and Printing of Tabular Output C Summary of the Types of Output Available D Viewing Output from the Main Menu Screen VI SAMPLE PROBLEMS Example 1 Gregory Bateson Building Example 2 College Station Conference Center VII TECHNICAL GUIDE TO ENER WIN SIMULATION SEQUENCES Vill REFERENCES ON ENER WIN RELATED PUBLICATIONS iii PAGE 19 20 22 22 22 25 26 29 29 31 35 Page intentionally left blank iv l STRUCTURE OF THE SOFTWARE The ENER WIN program is written in two major modules a user interface written in Visual Basic and a simulation program written in FORTRAN This guide will outline the steps necessary to use the interface and will also describe generally what the simulation program will do with the inputs entered through the user interface The overall modules in ENER WIN are shown below in Figure 1 Fig 1 Module linkages in ENER WIN Each of the modules shown above will be described The central focus is the User Interface module and it has numerous screens each of which will be explained in detail The opening interface screen is the Main Menu shown below fi Project Information A Weather Data Selection 2000 City Database 3 Economic Parameters 4
75. ur Excel spreadsheet If you do want to save it for later use you should change its name to a file name other than the source name ecalc hry etemp hry or eweth hry It would be best to save it as a normal spreadsheet with the extension of xls A B c D E E G H J K x M N ie 1 PROJECT BS 99 simulation study LOCATION NAGOYA JAPAN 2 PLAN NNV TYPE Office Year 1999 Date of Run 4 MAR 2002 3 HOURLY WEATHER AND SOLAR DATA 4 WBAN Station I D n a 2 i 5 5 Solar Angles Radiation amp Sky Cover iis 6 Date Time DB WB DP Sun Sun Direct Direct Diff Total Cloud Wind Stn 7 temp temp temp alt azimuth normal horiz horiz horiz cover speed PB 8 oc C oC r per sq m m s kPa 4281 28 Jun 1 194 181 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 23 100 14 4282 28 Jun 2 18 3 17 6 17 2 4283 28 Jun 3 176 173 17 400 4284 28 Jun a 17A 17 16 9 4285 28 Jun 5 169 169 169 z 350 4286 28 Jun 6 172 17 16 8 4287 28 Jun 7 18 17 1 16 7 E 300 4288 28 Jun 8 19 3 17 3 16 4 F 250 4289 28un 9 209 176 16 4290 28 Jun 10 22 6 18 15 6 F 200 4291 28 Jun 11 24 4 18 5 15 2 o 4292 28 Jun 12 26 18 8 14 9 150 4293 28Jun 13 273 19 146 ES 4294 28 Jun 414 28 1 19 2 14 4 5 4295 28 Jun 15 28 4 19 2 14 4 En 4296 28 Jun 16 28 3 19 2 14 4 4297 28un 17 28 19
76. y adjustments to this COP based on outdoor temperature outdoor relative humidity and the partial load fraction of the cooling load during that hour Formulas to do this are based on published methods by ASHRAE task groups and or by other HVAC equipment researchers and manufacturers Heat COP Heating COP The heating COP is the seasonal efficiency rating of the heating system The program contains default values for gas 0 80 electric resistance 0 95 and electric heat pump 2 96 but the user may edit these to represent the known efficiencies of a chosen system First Cost Enter the estimated installed cost of the HVAC system in ton ENER WIN will determine the size of the HVAC system based on the peak loads encountered and this value will be multiplied by the number of tons of air conditioning that the program derives Maint Cost Maintenance Cost This number represents the annual expected maintenance on the HVAC system also based on ton Both the first cost and maintenance cost are defaulted but the user may edit these to represent known current local costs Nat Vent Natural Ventilation This is to simulate the building occupant opening windows when the 14 space is too hot Enter Yes or No and the expected air flow rate per unit floor area Entering Yes here will cause the program to inspect outside air conditions whenever there is a cooling load condition in the building If the outdoor air temperature is less than the i
77. y of Arizona May Degelman L O 1985 Bin weather data for simplified energy calculations and variable base degree day information ASHRAE Transactions 91 1A 3 13 Degelman L O 1981 Energy calculation sensitivity to simulated weather data compression ASHRAE Transactions 87 1 907 922 Degelman L O 1976 A weather simulation model for annual energy analysis in buildings ASHRAE Transactions 82 2 435 447 Degelman L O 1970 Monte Carlo simulation of solar radiation and dry bulb temperatures for air conditioning purposes Proceedings of Kentucky Workshop on Computer Applications to Environmental Design 213 223 Lexington KY April 35
78. ystems Fresh air ventilation is assumed to be through the wall and through the unit If ventilation is through a separate ducted system extra fan power will be required for a central ventilation system The user can account for this in by entering a higher static pressure for the fan coil units The default value assumes no ductwork Central plant is assumed to be air cooled or water cooled chilled water system whose hourly energy consumption is estimated from the computed total load and the user specified C O P or SEER FCU s are always at full fan speed but are assumed to turn off when the space is unoccupied AND there is no heating or cooling load Fan horsepower is derived from the required flow volume and the static pressure loss converted to kWh and summed hourly There is no attempt to relate groups of FCU s to a particular chiller plant Economizer cooling vent cooling is not permitted for this system Rooftop Units Rooftop units are assumed to be DX multi zone packaged systems with the capability of heating with electric or gas No central plant is assumed Fans always operate at full design capacity but are assumed to turn off when the space is unoccupied AND there is no heating or cooling load Fan horsepower is derived from the required flow volume and the static pressure loss converted to kWh and summed hourly Compressor energy is estimated from the computed total load and the user specified C O P or SEER DX Residential

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