Tetra - APCO Aviation
Contents
1. Olea Dzhanaev Dirt se aliada ICO ZNANE y J O DE q cl d J J S Aa Date y g i e po LN T ek JAN yr S N A zm 4 ET SOSA Sus s A A g N C341 bh r A Anatoly Col es le pA FOQUC A A FA AA TOAAATD A f EN VR 4 N d L LY C x LA zs uM Ne K_Y WM oJ N 19 www apcoaviation com 2 Lp 26 Br Lat OI PCO FT PF x Drawn by Oleg Dzhanaev Part N Toll Quant ty per glider Date Toto ame Drawing LJ 8 cer CANOPY TE 15 10 25 Approved Anatoly Cohn Product SA ZU coaviation com ETRA SMALL SKETCHES I J N N N H ly 1 1 N N N N N e cr di y T gt 2 eur Cl Aa I ear oo jo y ys TEE ml ear Draw Oleg hanaev Part N Quantity per glider Date Name Jrawing N E a i e e en O 2 8 Le r S a A KD O E A EDEN iz A PNE s Approved Anatoly Cohr TT A 4 FA TN TETRA e F i TN Wry A Wes PA O2. E ye 11 www apcoaviation com AJ 10 2ALPINE LAUNCH OH FORWARD LAUNCH The Tetra has very good launch behavior in no wind conditions For the best results we recommend the use of the following techniques Lay out the glider and position yourself in the center of the wing with the lines almost tight With a positive and constant force inflate the wing holding only the A risers and smoothly increase your running speed The wing will quickly inflate and settle above the pilots head without the tendency to stick behind the pilot might have to pull some brake to stop the wing from overshooting the pilot on an aggressive run After you leave the A risers apply about 15 brakes and the TETRA will gently lift you off the ground 10 3STRONG WIND AND REVERSE LAUNCH The Tetra has a lot of lifting power and care should be taken in strong wind lt is advisable to have an assistant hold the pilot when attempting a strong wind launch It also helps if you leave the A riser just before the glider gets above your head Then pull a bit of brake to stop the wing from overshooting but not too much as the glider might pull you off your feet too early The assistant should let the pilot walk in under the wing on inflation rather than resist the inflation this reduces the tendency of the glider to lift the pilot prematurely 10 4 TOW OR WINCH LAUNCHING All Apco gliders are well suited for winching and have no bad tendencies on the winch With towing it
3. J Y LA CA U NY a V K 21 www apcoaviation com 2900 10 A B JC I UEM Men i MT av in ur RN ra Pre al w pe c Bia ge 34 x 33 is E 30 le Sp ge 29 F 26 26 6 AINAN K 5 c Kl ee 22 c e k E e e O AA LC T A 14 14 Ses 3 Rx 14 z A NE Va A Br CO 14 o oe 12 id AU SCH p 1 1 p 10 E S A B og TT Br lt gt 4 A 3 p 4 s E E 2 E V T CT O ON FT 5200 10 Drawn by Oleg Dzhanaev Part N Toll Quant ty per glider Date LOROS me Drawing Scale L2 CANO Y VE 10 27 Approved Anatoly Cohn FFOGUGI FTT 233 TTI Ir PCO ation LID STRA 55 22 www apcoaviation com 20 TETRA MEDIUM SKETCHES 7 A X ER f S M xj 14 E PEL E A A cy Q L i ff 4 N N N rs 2 A N SE i hay
4. Check every y Apres 100 vols ou 1 ann e R vision tous les Warning before use refer to the user s manual Avertissement avant utilisation prendre connaissance des instructions du manuel de vol O O A www apcoaviation com AJ 2 APCO wishes you many hours of enjoyable flying Take Air
5. l vateurs NH Accessories Accessoires Range of seed barre in cm Acc l rateur Breakes speed range in Km h Plage de vitesse aux freins 13 km h Check every R vision tous les Type of harness Manufactured APCO AVIATION Marque Mod le Seat maillons distance Distance maillons assise Chest strap adjust Entr axe maillons No Non Range of trimmers in cm Afficheurs Range with accessories in Km h Plage de vitesse avec acc ssoires 19 Km h After 100 flights or 1 year Apres 100 vols ou 1 ann e Warning before use refer to the user s manual Avertissement avant utilisation prendre connaissance des instructions du manuel de vol asm d A 2 SI www apcoaviation com AJ 23 TETRA SMALL CERTIFICATION S H V Category Standard FSV L Categorie Standard Reference number Standards AFNOR S52 308 309 N de conformit aux normes AFNOR S52 308 309 G 61 9 03 Certified date Date de d livrance 07 07 2003 MANUFACTURED MARQUE APCO AVIATION MODEL MOD LE tetRA S Configuration during the tests Configuration en tests Minimum flying weight Type of harness Poids mini total en vol 75 kg Harnais Manufactured APCO AVIATION Maximum flying weight Poids maxi total en vol Marque Weight of the model Model Poids du mod le Mod le Seat maillons distance Distance maillons assise Number of risers Nombres d l vateurs DEEE Chest stra
6. s l x YON A o A E N T iN d W J ns V CA 7 Z ZA CA U NY www apcoaviation com AJ 9 INSPECTION 9 1 GENERAL Pilots please insure that your glider has been test flown and checked by your dealer before taking it into your possession 9 2 BRAKE SETTING Before the first flight the pilot dealer has to take his her glider and inflate it to check brake length and if needed shorten or lengthen the brake setting to his or her preference It is important that the brakes are not set too short If the glider is above your head the brakes should not be pulling the trailing edge down as that means that the brakes are too short A good setting is to have about 10 cm of slack in the brake from the brake guide on the riser to the activation point of the brakes See Diagram below d Ell w ws meng EG w Figure 9 1 Brake Line Adjustment 9 3 FIRST CHECK AND PREFLIGHT INSPECTION With every new glider the following points should be checked Connection points between the glider and the harness e Check that there are no lines twisted tangled or knotted e Check that the risers and speed system are hooked up to the harness correctly 9 4 REGULAR INSPECTION CHECKS e Damage to lines webbing and thread on the stitching of the harness and risers hat the stainless steel connection links on the risers are not damaged an
7. MA lae sid N 5 T C y ALLY Fs N Date O Name rawing on L CS r o CAalea S dDCcoale BEN OO FN KCN x n J amp RL l v MAS PEA A de Anr rm Cahn A ved Anatoly Cohr N x ie A T T P A C OT A Aviation A 25 coaviation com I i r N Lo p N a Su od CN 5 ON sy A C us 6 4 D Z D L cy A Z Kl Drawn by Oleg Dzhanaev Part N Date 1 04 03 Name Coe d OCIO Ki A TP Ka sa a Approved Anatoly Cohn A TO AZ A gt IT 7 P AP viation FAL X2 AAVLALLO ILI d x AO BER LIL ar od LA ki NR 7 d Zeg tar Ter e LY c B HE 26 www apcoaviation com 22 TETRA EXTRA SMALL CERTIFICATION SHV FSVL Category Categorie Certified date Date de d livrance MANUFACTURED MARQUE AVIATION MODEL MODELE N de conformit aux normes AFNOR S52 308 309 APC Standard Standard Reference number Standards AFNOR S52 308 309 G 630 04 31 01 2004 i tetRA XS Configuration during the tests Configuration en tests Minimum flying weight Poids mini total en vol Maximum flying weight Poids maxi total en vol 60 kg Weight of the model Poids du mod le Number of risers Nombres d
8. Olor D zhanaewv nr A Oiiant V ner a d Ar M y KN i UC V VH x 2 N LA X el y D Iw M ka e YA 1 PK pesat dues N Jate Name _ AN JJ NN AUN lt All A f 3 i E x LATTES l E 1 x Z NY b V Aanrove d Anan exse Ak D LL PON Mud Ll y x d Jr en cl r K O A A TY INN L Hu FA TA ITT A Fo Gd LION CA y J j N LA N NY A Z e l v www apcoaviation com Bed ME map u M taie ur di teste Se ee fie wir Zes Ki E Ki Eist gE r aii 1 fms dm E T GTa Ca i cde a Te Tag kung wag ua 2 Kee 11470 50 mt lt gt gt gt PIU latio 12 T 10 9 3 4 O e GNE 4 Ec 3 B Se E A M e M ELLE E i Drawn by Oleg Dzhanaev Part N Toll Quantity per glider Date 1 04 03 ame Drawing SE Sketcn of Nes TE 16 21 20 Approved Anatoly Cohn Product H EIRA lt M gt 24 www apcoaviation com 21 TETRA LARGE SKETCHES K P lt D i ES D D y Oleq aev art N oll Quantity per glide m 4
9. any kind as this may remove the protective coatings and destroy the fabric 15 STORAGE When the glider is not in use the glider should be stored in a cool dry place A wet glider should first be dried out of direct sunlight Protect the glider against sunlight UV radiation When on the hill keep the glider covered or in the bag Never store or transport the glider near paint petrol or any other chemicals 16 DAMAGE Using spinnaker repair tape for non siliconized cloth can repair tears in the sail up to 5cm A professional repairer should repair greater damage 17 GENERAL ADVICE A qualified person or agent of the company should check the glider every year The glider is carefully manufactured and checked by the factory Never make changes to the canopy or the lines Changes can introduce dangerous flying characteristics and will not improve flying performance Do not put the glider in direct sunlight when not necessary In order to protect the glider during transportation or waiting time we recommend one of our lightweight storage bags If you have any doubts about flying conditions do not begin If you have any questions please contact your dealer or us Lastly be equipped with a certified emergency parachute and helmet on every flight www apcoaviation com 18 coaviation com ETRA EXTRA SMALL SKETCHES
10. system too short as this will cause it to be activated permanently while flying and could be dangerous It is possible to fit a second step to the system if one has trouble using the full range of the system supplied separately www apcoaviation com AJ CHAIN LINK I HARNESS 22 PULLEY RING ON A a EFSER p B BAR Figure 6 2 7 EMERGENCY PARACHUTE ATTACHMENT It is recommended to use a certified rescue parachute when flying Attaching the rescue parachute should be done in accordance with the recommendation of the harness and reserve parachute manufacturer 8 RISERS The Tetra is supplied with a split A riser The 1st A riser attaches to the central two A lines A1 amp A3 The second A riser is attached to the outermost A line A5 This is to facilitate Big ears or Tip tucks At no time should the pilot change the risers or use risers not intended for this specific glider as this will affect the performance and safety of the glider coaviation com xo f ii NX O 4 Snaedsvys KO KA X No Un y KO Lem JISTANCE 0 15 2 QT Q RIS TN O Not Aeti 0 O C vegi NOL AC CIVea d Actived 20 115 190 j Zw Eo V y aw leg Dzronoev Part Q C Quantity Dia O der Da LA 1 04 03 Name C N V lin Drawing N E Lis E JU
11. 12 10 19 4 72 3 2 105 130 6 4 3 2 0 50 6 99 376 46gr m Zero Porosity Ripstop Nylon 180gr m Mylar Trilam 3 Years 250 hours 21 km h 36 km h 46 km h 1 1m s TETRA EXTRA SMALL THRUST SMALL THRUST MEDIUM THRUS LARGE GLIDER CERTIFICATION DATA P STANDARD STANDARD STANDARD STANDARD www apcoaviation com AJ 1 DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY Taking into consideration the inherent risk in paragliding it must be expressly understood that the manufacturer and seller do not assume any responsibility for accidents losses and direct or indirect damage following the use or misuse of this product APCO Aviation Ltd is engaged in the manufacture and sale of hang gliding paragliding motorized para hang gliding and emergency parachute equipment This equipment should be used under proper conditions and after proper instruction from a qualified instructor APCO Aviation Ltd has no control over the use of this equipment and a person using this equipment assumes all risks of damage or injury APCO Aviation Ltd disclaims any liability or responsibility for injuries or damages resulting from the use of this equipment The glider is designed to perform in the frame of the required class as certified by AFNOR 2 CONSTRUCTION The glider is constructed with a top and bottom surface connected by ribs One top and bottom panel together with the connecting ribs is called a cell Each cell has an opening o
12. LINES WITH DIFFERENT DIAMETER OR TYPE OF LINES AS ALL GLIDERS WERE LOAD TESTED FOR SAFETY IN THEIR ORIGINAL CONFIGURATION CHANGING LINE DIAMETER STRENGTHS CAN HAVE FATAL CONSEQUENCES Every six months one lower A B and C line must be tested for minimum 50 of the rated strength If the line fails under the load test or does not return to its specified length all the corresponding lines must be replaced Professional use of gliders Towing tandem schooling and competition flying requires more frequent line inspection and replacement of A B C and brake lines Figure 9 2 10 LAUNCHING As this is not a training manual we will not try to teach you launching techniques We will only briefly go through the different launch techniques to help you get the most out of your glider 10 1 LAYOUT Pre flight check should be done before every flight Spread the glider on the ground opread the lines dividing them into eight groups A B C and brake lines left and right Make sure the lines are free and not twisted or knotted Make sure all the lines are on top of the glider and that there are none caught on vegetation or rocks under the glider Lay out the glider in a horseshoe shape This method insures that all the lines are equally tensioned on launch and results in an even inflation The Mylar rib section and the Flexon rib reinforcements will keep the leading edge open for easy inflation The most common reason for a bad launch is a bad layout
13. ON 27 CD M www apcoaviation com AJ 23 TETRA SMALL CERTIFICATION 28 24 TETRA MEDIUM CERTIFICATION 29 25 TETRA LARGE CERTIFICATION 30 I WARNING This is not a training manual It is extremely dangerous to yourself and others to attempt to fly this or any paraglide without first completing a flying course given by a qualified instructor Apco Aviation s gliders are carefully manufactured and inspected by the factory Please use the glider only as described in this manual Do not make any changes to the glider AS WITH ANY SPORT WITHOUT TAKING THE APPROPRIATE PRECAUTIONS PARAGLIDING CAN BE DANGEROUS www apcoaviation com AJ GLIDER TECHNICAL DATA Size Cells Area m Area projected m Span incl Stabiliser m Span projected m Aspect Ratio Aspect Ratio projected Pilot Weight Kg all up Weight of Canopy Kg Root Cord m Tip Cord m Length of Lines on B m Total length of line used m Material Top Super Aramid Bottom Super Aramid Brake Cascades ea Steering Line Polyester Sail Cloth Rib Reinforcement Warranty FABRIC GLIDER PERFORMANCE DATA V min V trim V max Min Sink at optimum wing loading Small Medium 36 38 26 93 29 03 23 75 25 82 10 82 11 47 8 88 9 54 4 34 4 53 3 32 3 52 75 95 90 115 5 6 6 0 3 2 3 2 0 50 0 50 6 24 6 62 331 346 Diameter 1 2mm 1 8mm 1 1mm 2 0mm Strength 110kg 220kg 95kg 85kg Large 40 31 11 27 90 12
14. Revision 2 12 Sep 2005 APCO Aviation Setting Future Standards Factory 7 Chalamish Street Industrial Park Caesarea 38900 ISRAEL Tel 972 4 6273727 Fax 972 4 6273728 www apcoaviation com AJ CONTENTS 1 DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY D 2 CONSTRUCTION 5 3 MATERIALS 5 4 TRIMMING 5 5 HARNESS 6 6 SPEED SYSTEM 6 6 1 ASSEMBLY 8 ADJUSTMENT 6 6 2 OPTION 1 6 6 3 OPTION 2 7 7 EMERGENCY PARACHUTE ATTACHMENT 8 8 RISERS 8 9 INSPECTION 10 9 1 GENERAL 10 9 2 BRAKE SETTING 10 9 3 FIRST CHECK AND PREFLIGHT INSPECTION 10 9 4 REGULAR INSPECTION CHECKS 10 9 5 LINE MAINTENANCE 11 10 LAUNCHING 11 10 1 LAYOUT 11 10 2 ALPINE LAUNCH OR FORWARD LAUNCH 12 10 3 STRONG WIND AND REVERSE LAUNCH 12 10 4 TOW OR WINCH LAUNCHING 12 11 FLIGHT TECHNIQUES 12 11 1 FLYING SPEED 12 11 2 THERMAL FLYING 13 113 ASYMMETRIC COLLAPSE 13 11 4 CRAVAT 13 11 5 FRONT STALL OR SYMMETRIC COLLAPSE 13 11 6 B STALL 14 11 7 BIG EARS 14 11 8 DEEP STALL OR PARACHUTAL STALL 14 11 8 1 Signs of parachutal stall 14 11 8 2 Exit from parachutal stall 14 11 9 SPIRAL DIVES 15 11 10 STRONG TURBULENCE 15 11 11 STEERING NOT FUNCTIONING 15 12 LANDING 16 12 1 TREELANDING 16 12 2 WATER LANDING 16 12 3 LANDING IN TURBULENCE 16 13 PACKING 17 14 MAINTENANCE amp CLEANING 17 15 SIORAGE 17 16 DAMAGE 17 17 GENERAL ADVICE 17 18 TETRA EXTRA SMALL SKETCHES 19 19 TETRA SMALL SKETCHES 21 20 TETRA MEDIUM SKETCHES 23 21 TETRA LARGE SKETCHES 25 22 TETRA EXTRA SMALL CERTIFICATI
15. co s gliders are developed with the use of ABS Automatic Bracing System type harnesses without cross bracing We recommend the use of an ABS harness with all our gliders All certified harnesses can be used with our gliders For best safety and performance we recommend an Apco harness equipped with a Mayday emergency parachute CAUTION CROSS BRACING THAT HAS BEEN ADJUSTED TOO TIGHTLY CAN INFLUENCE THE HANDLING OF A GLIDER AND MAY NOT ACTUALLY LEAD TO HIGHER SAFETY APCO GLIDERS ARE DEVELOPED AND TESTED WITHOUT THE USE OF CROSS BRACING USING AN ABS HARNESS WITH CHEST STRAP SET AT THE SPECIFIED WIDTH CHECK THE AFNOR STICKER ON YOUR GLIDER WILL RESULT IN THE HIGHEST PASSIVE SAFETY ON YOUR GLIDER 6 SPEED SYSTEM 6 1 ASSEMBLY amp ADJUSTMENT Apco gliders are supplied with a speed system as illustrated in option Il The pilot can change the speed system to the traditional Apco speed system to use the full accelerator range depending on the pulley arrangement on the harness being used 6 2 OPTION 1 First attach the harness to the glider then thread the accelerator line from the top pulley on the riser through the pulleys and the elasticized ring if present on your harness and then attach it to the supplied speed bar To adjust the length and activation point of the speed system sit in the harness and ask someone to hold the riser up in a flying position By pulling out the end of the line protruding above the upper pulley on the ris
16. d are fully closed e The pulleys of the speed system are free to move and the lines are not twisted lo D www apcoaviation com AJ he condition of the brake lines stainless steel ring and the security of the knot attaching the brake handle to the brake line e The sewing condition of the lines and connection of the lines e Damage to hook up points on the glider e Internal damage to the ribs and diagonal ribs e Damage to the top and bottom panels and seams between panels 9 5 LINE MAINTENANCE Three groups of suspension lines and one brake line are attached to each riser The three groups are called A B C and brake lines The stabilizer lines are connected along with the B lines Superaramid lines are known to be sensitive to the influence of the elements They must be carefully inspected periodically In his her own interest the pilot must observe the following points to ensure maximum performance and safety from the glider Avoid sharp bending and squeezing of lines e Take care that people do not step on the lines e Do not pull on the lines if they are caught on rocks or vegetation Avoid getting the lines wet If they do get wet dry them as soon as possible at room temperature and never store them wet IT IS MANDATORY TO CHANGE THE BOTTOM LINES ON EVERY PARAGLIDER ONCE A YEAR OR EVERY 100 HOURS WHICH EVER COMES FIRST THE REST OF THE LINES MUST BE CHECKED YEARLY AND REPLACED IF NECESSARY NEVER REPLACE THE
17. d avoid increasing the sink rate In strong lift conditions it is most effective to have small turns in the core with relatively high bank For the best climb rate in ridge lift we recomend using about 15 to 2096 brake 11 3 ASYMMETRIC COLLAPSE If one side of the glider partially folds or collapses it is important to keep your flying direction by applying some brake on the opposite side The wing should re inflate on its own without any input from the pilot To help re inflation it is possible to pull some brake on the collapsed side and release immediately In the event of a big deflation i e 70 it is important to give brake in the opposite direction but care must be taken not to pull too much as you could stall the flying side The glider is very solid and has a very strong tendency to re inflate after any collapses 11 4 CHAVAT In case a cravat should occur from an asymmetric collapse or other manoeuvres it is important to keep your flying direction by applying some brake on the opposite side and then it can usually be opened by pulling down on the stabilo line of the affected side while countering the turn with the opposite brake and weight shift It also helps sometimes to pull Big Ears to release the tension on the affected lines or a combination of the above techniques i e pulling on the stabilo after pulling Big Ears 11 5FRONT STALL OR SYMMETRIC COLLAPSE In the event of a front stall the glider will normally re inflate on its ow
18. ed the tips This can give up to about 7 m s sink rate with about 45 km h forward speed To exit release the speed system and then release the tip A lines It may sometimes be necessary to apply a little brake to open the tips If using the brakes to open the tips it is best to open one tip at a time this avoids reducing your air speed CAUTION DO NOT ATTEMPT ANY EXTREME MANEUVRES WITH THE TIPS COLLAPSED AS THIS DOUBLES THE LOAD ON THE CENTER LINES AND ATTACHMENT POINTS AND COULD LEAD TO FAILURE 11 8DEEP STALL OR PARACHUTAL STALL Under normal flying conditions the Tetra will have no tendency to enter deep stall All gliders can however under certain conditions enter and stay in deep stall configuration as a result of ageing of materials improper maintenance or pilot induced 11 8 1 Signs of parachutal stall he pilot has very little or no forward speed and no wind in his face e The glider will be fully open but the cells will be bulging in and not out on the bottom surface e The glider might have a very slow turning sensation e You will have an increased vertical descent 11 8 2 Exit from parachutal stall It is important to recognize this situation Most accidents involving parachutal stall happen because the pilot did not realize that he was in deep stall The best way to exit a parachutal stall is to pull all the A risers down to get the wing flying again The pilot can pull the riser down until the wing starts to fl
19. er and by moving the knot you can adjust the speed system The Bar should be about 10 cm or closer if you have a second step away from the front of the harness seat This allows you to use the full range of the speed bar if you extend your legs fully Do not adjust the speed system too short as this will cause the speed system to be activated permanently while flying and could be dangerous It is possible to fit a second step to the system if the pilot has trouble using the full range of the speed system second step is supplied separately www apcoaviation com AJ OPTION I 4 HARNESS ra PULLEY PA SPEED BAR Figure 6 1 6 3 OPTION 2 First attach the harness to the glider Remove the Chain Link from the end of the accelerator line attached to the speed bar then thread it through the elasticized ring on the harness then through harness pulley and then re attach it to the Ghain link with a larks head knot Hook the Chain link onto the Chain Link on the riser of the corresponding side Sit in the harness and have someone hold the riser up in a flying position for you Adjust the speed bar line by pulling the end through the speed bar tube and moving the knot The Bar should be about 10 cm or closer if you have a second step away from the front of the harness seat his allows you to easily reach the bar with your foot and will allow you to use the full range of the speed bar if you extend your legs fully Do not adjust the speed
20. f your descent should be made at trim speed into the wind e At a height between half a meter and one meter you can gently flair the glider by pulling gradually down on the brakes to the stall point When top landing it is sometimes not necessary to flare or a much smaller flare may be required especially in strong ridge conditions 12 1 TREE LANDING If it is not possible to land in an open area steer into the wind towards an unobstructed tree and do a normal landing approach as if the tree is your landing spot Flare as for a normal landing On impact hold your legs together and protect your face with your arms After any tree landing it is very important to check all the lines line measurements and the canopy for damage 12 2WATER LANDING As you approach landing release all the buckles and cross bracing if present of the harness except for one leg Just before landing release the remaining buckle It is advisable to enter the water downwind Let the canopy rotate completely forward until it hits the water with the leading edge openings the air inside will then be trapped forming a big air mattress and giving the pilot more time to escape Less water will enter the canopy this way making the recovery much easier Get away from the glider and lines as soon as possible to avoid entanglement Remember that a ballast bag can be emptied and then inflated with air for a flotation aid The canopy should be carefully inspected after a wa
21. is important to have the wing above your head on launch and not to try and force a stalled wing into the air This is especially important if the winch operator is using high tension on the winch Very little brake if any need be applied on launch and during the winch Directional changes can be made with weight shift rather than brakes While on tow the brake pressure will be higher and more input may be needed to make corrections than in normal flight For all our gliders we recommend using tow accelerating system There are different types existing on the market Please check with your dealer or tow operator for the recommended tow accelerator system Use of it will eliminate any chance for accidental stalling on tow 11 FLIGHT TECHNIQUES 11 1 FLYING SPEED Indicated trim speed is dependant on the amount of brake the pilot is using wing loading altitude above sea level and the accuracy and make of speed probe The speeds recorded were at optimum wing loading at sea level using a Skywatch Pro thus there could be a slight variation in speed range numbers that a pilot records NOTE The speeds indicated in the technical data sheet are the correct speeds measured at sea level using a calibrated instrument flying at optimum wing loading Speed readings in the flight reports could differ as this was measured during testing using various instruments and is an indication of the difference between trim stall and top speed The speed range will be the
22. n immediately without any change of direction To speed up re inflation briefly apply 30 40 brake to pump open the leading edge Do not hold the brakes down permanently to avoid an unwanted stall g P www apcoaviation com AJ 11 6B STALL The Tetra has a very clean stable B stall To enter the B stall the pilot has to pull the first 20 cm slowly until the glider loses forward speed and starts to descend vertically Then the pilot can pull more on the B until he she attains a stable 7 to 9 m s descent rate The Glider has no tendency to front rosette or become pitch unstable To exit the B stall the pilot releases the B slowly until the glider has regained its shape and then the last 15 cm fast to prevent the glider from entering deepstall The Tetra can be controlled directionally in the B stall by pulling more on one B riser than on the other to create a turn in any direction The B stall is a safe controlled way of losing altitude fast without any forward speed 11 7BIG EARS Altitude can be lost in a controlled way by collapsing both tips To do this take the outer most A line attached on its own riser on either side and pull them down until the tips collapse Pulling one side at a time may be more comfortable and easier especially for smaller pilots This should close about 30 of the wing in total It is possible to steer with weight shift To increase the sink rate the pilot can push the speed system after he she has collaps
23. n the front lower part The cells fill with air forcing the panels to take the shape dictated by the airfoil rib section On either side the wing ends in a stabilizer or wing tip which provides straight line Yaw stability and produces some outward force to keep the span wise tension The front part of the ribs is made from Trilam to keep the leading edge shaped at high speeds and in turbulent air It also improves the launch characteristics of the glider The line hook up points are made of Dyneema or Nylon tape 3 MATERIALS The glider is made from tear resistant Ripstop Nylon cloth which is P U coated to zero porosity and then siliconized to give the fabric high resistance to the elements Different cloth is used for the top bottom and ribs due to their different functions The lines are made of superaramid covered with a polyester sheath for protection against UV wear and abrasion The bottom section of the brake lines is made of polyester because of its better mechanical properties The carabiners that attach the lines to the risers are made of stainless steel 4 TRIMMING All Apco gliders are trimmed for optimum performance combined with unsurpassed safety It is very important not to re trim or tamper with any of the lines or risers as this may alter the performance and safety Trimming of the brake line should be done in accordance with this manual and carefully checked before flying www apcoaviation com AJ 5 HARNESS All of Ap
24. p adjust Entr axe maillons Accessories Accessoires Range of seed barre in cm 19cm Range of trimmers in cm No Non Acc l rateur Afficheurs Breakes speed range in Km h Range with accessories in Km h 19 Km h Plage de vitesse aux freins 12 km h Plage de vitesse avec acc ssoires After 100 flights or 1 year Check every y Apres 100 vols ou 1 ann e R vision tous les Warning before use refer to the user s manual Avertissement avant utilisation prendre connaissance des instructions du manuel de vol N 00 p www apcoaviation com AJ 24 TETRA MEDIUM CERTIFICATION S H V Category Standard FSV L Categorie Standard Reference number Standards AFNOR S52 308 309 N de conformit aux normes AFNOR S52 308 309 G 620 03 Certified date Date de d livrance 07 07 2003 i MANUFACTURED MARQUE APC AVIATION MODEL MODELE tetRA NI Configuration during the tests Configuration en tests Type of harness Harnais Minimum flying weight Poids mini total en vol Manufactured APCO AVIATION Maximum flying weight Poids maxi total en vol Marque Weight of the model Model Poids du modele Mod le Seat maillons distance Distance maillons assise Number of risers Nombres d l vateurs DEEE Chest strap adjust Entr axe maillons Accessories Accessoires Range of seed barre in cm 19cm Range of trimmers in cm No Non Acc l rateur Afficheurs Breakes s
25. peed range in Km h Range with accessories in Km h 18 Km h Plage de vitesse aux freins 12 km h Plage de vitesse avec acc ssoires After 100 flights or 1 year Check every y Apres 100 vols ou 1 ann e R vision tous les Warning before use refer to the user s manual Avertissement avant utilisation prendre connaissance des instructions du manuel de vol NO cO p www apcoaviation com AJ 25 TETRA LARGE CERTIFICATION S H V Category Standard FSV L Categorie Standard Reference number Standards AFNOR S52 308 309 N de conformit aux normes AFNOR S52 308 309 G 621 03 Certified date Date de d livrance 07 07 2003 MANUFACTURED MARQUE ZA PCO AVIATION MODEL MODELE tetRA K Configuration during the tests Configuration en tests Type of harness Harnais BS Minimum flying weight Poids mini total en vol Manufactured APCO AVIATION Maximum flying weight Poids maxi total en vol Marque Weight of the model Model Poids du mod le 7 1 kg Mod le Seat maillons distance Distance maillons assise Number of risers Nombres d l vateurs 2 Chest strap adjust Entr axe maillons Accessories Accessoires Range of seed barre in cm T9cm Range of trimmers in cm No Non Acc l rateur Afficheurs Breakes speed range in Km h Range with accessories in Km h 18 Km h Plage de vitesse aux freins 13 km h Plage de vitesse avec acc ssoires After 100 flights or 1 year
26. rong turbulence fly with about 2096 brake applied to increase the internal pressure and the angle of attack of the canopy and land as soon as possible If the air is turbulent on landing approach land with Big Ears Learn to fly actively and to anticipate collapses and prevent them by applying brake when needed before you have unwanted collapses 11 119 TEERING NOT FUNCTIONING If the pilot cannot reach the brake or steering lines for any reason or if they are not functioning properly for example If they break on a damaged point he or she can control the glider by pulling down on the rear risers Care must be taken when steering like this as much less input is needed to turn the wing and the response of the wing is also much slower than when using the brakes IF YOU PULL TOO MUCH ON ONE OR BOTH RISERS THE GLIDER WILL SPIN OR STALL g p www apcoaviation com AJ On the landing flare the pilot should be especially careful not to stall the glider too high 12 LANDING Before landing the pilot should determine the wind direction usually by checking a windsock flags smoke or your drift over the ground while doing one or more 3600 turns e Always land into the wind e At a height of about 50 meters your landing setup should begin The most commonly used one is to head into the wind and depending on the wind strength the pilot should reach his her landing point by making s turns e At a height of about 15 meters the final part o
27. same but the actual numbers may differ e With 0 brake the Tetra will fly at 35 km h with a sink rate of 1 2 m s e At 25 brake the glider will fly at 31km h with minimum sink rate 1 1 m s e The best glide angle is achieved with 0 brakes g s www apcoaviation com AJ e With 80 brake the glider will fly at about 22km h and will be close to the stall point 20km h CAUTION APART FROM WHEN FLARING AT LANDING THERE SHOULD BE NO REASON TO FLY WITH 70 TO 100 BRAKE THE SINK RATE OF THE GLIDER WILL BE EXCESSIVE AND THERE WILL BE A POSSIBILITY OF ENTERING A DEEPSTALL OR FULLSTALL SITUATION THERE IS ALSO THE RISK OF GOING NEGATIVE OR ENTERING A SPIN WHEN ATTEMPTING TO TURN THE GLIDER NEAR THE STALL SPEED WARNING The use of the speed system in turbulent conditions or close to the ground is dangerous While flying with the accelerator the glider has a reduced angle of attack and is therefore more susceptible to turbulence and may collapse or partially deflate Gliders react faster when accelerated and may turn more The accelerator should immediately be released in this case 11 2 THERMAL FLYING The Tetra has excellent thermaling capacity and will be a pleasure even when you are in a big gaggle or just having fun on a long XC flight The glider has high internal pressure and needs very little pilot input even in very turbulent conditions In light lift it is advised to make flat turns to keep the glider from banking too much an
28. ter landing since it is very easy to cause internal damage to the ribs if the canopy is lifted while containing water Always lift the canopy by the trailing edge not by the lines or top or bottom surface fabric 12 3LANDING IN TURBULENCE One of the safest ways to land a glider in turbulent conditions is to use Big Ears This reduces the chances of getting a collapse while on final approach Use weight shift to control your approach It is possible to keep the ears in until you are ready to flare the glider Simply release the A risers and flare the glider starting a little higher than usual Practice this in normal conditions before you need itin an emergency www apcoaviation com AJ 13 PACKING opread the canopy completely out on the ground Separate the lines to the left and the right side of the glider If the risers are removed from the harness join the two risers together by passing one carabiner loop through the other This keeps them neatly together and helps to stop line tangles Fold the canopy alternately from the right and left sides working towards the center press out the air working from the rear towards the front Place the risers at the trailing edge of the folded canopy and use them to finally roll up the canopy 14 MAINTENANCE amp CLEANING Cleaning should be carried out with water and if necessary gentle soap If the glider comes in contact with salt water clean thoroughly with fresh water Do not use solvents of
29. y again The moment the wing starts to fly the pilot should release the A riser or the wing might suffer a frontal collapse g Ht www apcoaviation com AJ Alternatively the pilot can push the speed bar to lower the angle of attack and get the wing flying again By pulling one or both brakes while in deep stall the pilot can accidentally enter a full stall or spin 11 9SPIRAL DIVES The Tetra has very good behavior in spiral and has no tendency to stick in the spiral By progressively applying brake on one side the glider can be put into a spiral dive Safe high sink rates can be achieved like this The spiral has to be exited slowly by releasing the brake over one complete turn or the glider may pitch forward and possibly suffer a collapse Care must be taken that the pilot has enough height to exit the spiral safely Sink rates in excess of 19m s can be obtained CAUTION SOME GLIDERS CAN BE NEUTRAL IN SPIRAL AND MAY NOT EXIT WITHOUT PILOT INPUT TO EXIT A NEUTRAL SPIRAL THE PILOT HAS TO LEAN HIS HER WEIGHT TO THE OUTSIDE OF THE TURN OR APPLY BRAKE ON THE OUTSIDE WING AS SOON AS THE GLIDER STARTS TO SLOW DOWN IN THE SPIRAL THE OUTSIDE BRAKE MUST BE RELEASED PILOTS CAN SUFFER BLACK OUTS IN SPIRALS AND THE PILOT HAS TO EXIT THE SPIRAL AS SOON AS he she FEELS ANY ABNORMAL SYMPTOMS Black dots in field of vision or light headedness 11 108TRONG TURBULENCE NEVER FLY IN STRONG TURBULENCE If you unexpectedly encounter st
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