APEX PROFILER USER MANUAL
Contents
1. ey TELEDYNE WEBB RESEARCH A Teledyne Instruments Inc Company 82 Technology Park Drive E Falmouth Massachusetts 02536 Phone 508 548 2077 Fax 508 540 1686 Email dwebb webbresearch com APEX PROFILER USER MANUAL Applies to Serial Numbers 5205 5209 Revision Date 06 22 10 Customer Name CSIRO Job Number 1792 1 Firmware Revision APF9A F W 061810 Features APF9A Controller Depth Table 65 Park and Profile Deep Profile First DPF Air pump energy consumption limit Time of Day profile control Non modal behavior I Alkaline Battery Warning II III IV AS O a V Deploying the Float VI A B VII VIII AS OF F Appendix A Surface Arrival Time and Total Surface Time Appendix B Argos ID formats 28 bit and 20 bit Appendix C Storage conditions Appendix D Connecting a Terminal Appendix E APF9A Command Summary APF9 Operations Warning for APF8 Operators Maximum Operating Pressure Evaluating the Float and Starting the Mission Manual Deployment with the Reset Tool Pressure Activation Deployment Mission Activation and Mission Prelude ARGOS Transmissions Mission Activation and Operator Float Function Check Notes and Caveats rrmernin ra A QI bm mk SO N Park and Profile i A Profile Ascent Timing Profile and Profile Cycle Schematics Deep Profile First DPF mk mk nN wn Bs ARGOS Data lal N SERVICE ARGOS Parameters Test Messages 28 b2. Mbn 022 Initial buoyancy nudge Counts Mbi 001 Park n profile cycle length Mn 120 Maximum air bladder pressure Counts Mfb 096 OK vacuum threshold Counts Mfv 227 Piston full extension Counts Mff 016 P Activation piston position Counts Mfs 2 Logging verbosity 0 5 D 0002 DebugBits D 3a9a Mission signature hex 35 of 40 INSTRUMENT 5206 APEX version 061810 sn 7170 3706DC7 28 bit hex Argos id Ma 044 Argos repetition period Seconds Mr INACTV ToD for down time expiration Minutes Mtc 224 Down time Hours Mtd 016 Up time Hours Mtu 009 Ascent time out Hours Mta 005 Deep profile descent time Hours Mtj 006 Park descent time Hours Mtk 006 Mission prelude Hours Mtp 1000 Park pressure Decibars Mk 2000 Deep profile pressure Decibars Mj 066 Park piston position Counts Mbp 000 Compensator hyper retraction Counts Mbh 016 Deep profile piston position Counts Mbj 010 Ascent buoyancy nudge Counts Mbn 022 Initial buoyancy nudge Counts Mbi 001 Park n profile cycle length Mn 120 Maximum air bladder pressure Counts Mfb 096 OK vacuum threshold Counts Mfv 227 Piston full extension Counts Mff 016 P Activation piston position Counts Mfs 2 Logging verbosity 0 5 D 0002 DebugBits D b13a Mission signature hex 36 of 40 INSTRUMENT 5207 APEX version 061810 sn 7174 3706DD4 28 bit hex Argos id Ma 046 Argos repetition period Seconds Mr INACTV ToD for down
3. a terminal is connected to the float see Connecting a Terminal for additional information If the float passes the self tests it will make 6 ARGOS transmissions with a 6 second interval You can detect these transmissions using the cat s meow sensor as shown in the image at right Hold the sensor parallel to and within 15 cm 6 inches of the float s antenna The cat s meow will beep during each ARGOS transmission Do not deploy the float if you do not detect the six 6 ARGOS transmissions Manual Deployment If not already fully extended the float Float Antenna Tranemiesian deleto will fully extend the piston This process may require up to 25 minutes The oil bladder will expand during this time Pressure Activated Deployment If not already fully retracted the float will fully retract the piston This process may require up to 25 minutes The oil bladder will deflate during this time The volume of oil in the bladder is difficult to detect by hand You may be able to hear the pump by placing your ear against the hull 10 of 40 9 Manual Deployment Once the piston is fully extended the float enters the Mission Prelude phase During this phase it will transmit test messages at the operator specified ARGOS repetition period These transmissions can be detected with the Cat s Meow The float will run the air pump for 6 seconds during each test transmission until the air bladder is fully inflated Inflating t
4. bit ARGOS ID Byte s 0 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Mnemonic CRC MSG EPOCH TINIT NADJ PRKN TMEAN PMEAN SDT SDP Description Message CRC Message ID each data message block is comprised of multiple messages this will be a 2 for Data Message 2 Unix epoch when down time expired Apf9a RTC Time minutes when telemetry phase was initiated relative to EPOCH 2 s compliment signed integer Number of active ballast adjustments made during the park phase Number of hourly park level PT samples Mean temperature of park level PT samples Mean pressure of park level PT samples Standard deviation of temperature of park level PT samples Standard deviation of pressure of park level PT samples 22 of 40 19 20 TMIN Minimum temperature of park level PT samples 21 22 TMINP Pressure associated with Tmin of park level PT samples 23 24 TMAX Maximum temperature of park level PT samples 25 26 TMAXP Pressure associated with Tmax of park level PT samples 27 28 PMIN Minimum pressure of park level PT samples 29 30 PMAX Maximum pressure of park level PT samples 31 NA Not used Oxff Present only if a 20 bit argos id is used Next the hydrographic data are transmitted in messages 3 N in the order that they were collected The sample taken at the end of the park phase will be transmitted first in bytes 2 7 of message 3 followed by the samples collected during the profile phase Each sample consis
5. buoyancy nudge Counts Mbi 001 Park n profile cycle length Mn 120 Maximum air bladder pressure Counts Mfb 096 OK vacuum threshold Counts Mfv 226 Piston full extension Counts Mff 016 P Activation piston position Counts Mfs 2 Logging verbosity 0 5 D 0002 DebugBits D cde5 Mission signature hex 38 of 40 INSTRUMENT 5209 APEX version 061810 sn 7218 5E80913 28 bit hex Argos id Ma 044 Argos repetition period Seconds Mr INACTV ToD for down time expiration Minutes Mtc 224 Down time Hours Mtd 016 Up time Hours Mtu 009 Ascent time out Hours Mta 005 Deep profile descent time Hours Mtj 006 Park descent time Hours Mtk 006 Mission prelude Hours Mtp 1000 Park pressure Decibars Mk 2000 Deep profile pressure Decibars Mj 066 Park piston position Counts Mbp 000 Compensator hyper retraction Counts Mbh 016 Deep profile piston position Counts Mbj 010 Ascent buoyancy nudge Counts Mbn 022 Initial buoyancy nudge Counts Mbi 001 Park n profile cycle length Mn 120 Maximum air bladder pressure Counts Mfb 096 OK vacuum threshold Counts Mfv 226 Piston full extension Counts Mff 016 P Activation piston position Counts Mfs 2 Logging verbosity 0 5 D 0002 DebugBits D 8834 Mission signature hex 39 of 40 40 of 40
6. contain transmission errors For this reason the first element of each message is a CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check byte The value is calculated by the float not by ARGOS from the remaining bytes of that message A bad CRC generally means a corrupted message Itis worth noting that a good CRC is a good indicator that the message is OK but it is possible to have a good CRC even when the message is corrupt This is particularly true for a short CRC this one is only 8 bits long Comparing multiple realizations of each ARGOS message e g all received versions of Data Message 3 for some particular profile to identify uncorrupted versions of the message is strongly recommended A sample code fragment in C that can be used to calculate CRC values is shown below This code was written by Dana Swift of the University of Washington The original algorithm was developed in the 1970s by Al Bradley and Don Dorson of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution The algorithm attempts to distribute the space of possible CRC values evenly across the range of single byte values 0 to 255 Sample programs in C Matlab FORTRAN and BASIC can be provided by Teledyne Webb Research on request The Matlab version provides the user with a GUI interface into which individual ARGOS messages can be entered by cutting and pasting with a mouse static unsigned char CrcDorson const unsigned char msg unsigned int n unsigned char i1 crc CrcScrambler msg 1 for i 2 i
7. first cycle and every second cycle Time gt Note For maximum battery life in ARGO applications Teledyne Webb Research recommends use of PD gt one with park depth lt 1500 db 16 of 40 Vill ARGOS Data A SERVICE ARGOS Parameters Each float operator must specify various options to Service ARGOS These choices depend on how the user plans to receive and process data Typical Service ARGOS Parameters are e Standard location e Processing Type A2 Binary input hexadecimal output e Result output format DS All results from each satellite pass e Compression None Uncompressed e Distribution strategy Scheduled All results every 24 hours e Number of bytes transmitted 31 per message When using a 28 bit ARGOS ID 31 data bytes are transmitted in each message 32 data bytes are transmitted in each message when using a 20 bit ARGOS ID 17 of 40 B Test Messages 28 bit ARGOS ID Mission Prelude The test message block is comprised of two messages Each of the 6 messages sent during the Mission Activation phase is a Test Message 1 During the Mission Prelude the two test messages alternate with one sent during each ARGOS transmission The formats of the two test messages are show in the tables below Test Message 1 28 bit ARGOS ID Byte s Neo 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Mnemonic Description CRC MSG BLK MON DAY YR FLT SEC STATUS P V
8. lt n i crc msgli crc CrcScrambler crc return crc static unsigned char CrcScrambler unsigned char byte unsigned char sum 0 tst if C byte byte Oxff tst byte if tst 2 sum tst gt gt 2 if tst 2 sum tst gt gt 1 if tst 2 sum tst gt gt 1 if tst 2 sum sum 2 return byte gt gt 1 Csum lt lt 7 26 of 40 Appendix A Surface Arrival Time and Total Surface Time Calculating surface drift vectors may require that you estimate the surface arrival time Although each message is time stamped by ARGOS there may not be a satellite in view at the time the float surfaces In this case the initial messages are not received ARGOS telemetry begins when the float detects the surface The messages are transmitted in numerical order starting with Message 1 When all of the messages in the block have been transmitted the cycle repeats Transmissions continue at the programmed repetition rate until the Up Time expires The elapsed time since surfacing can be estimated using the message block number m the number of messages in the block n and the programmed ARGOS repetition period p Te m 1 xnxp The block number BLK is included in each ARGOS message set The total number of messages can be determined from the information in Data Message 1 which includes the number of PTS measurements made during the profile LEN Note that this value may not be the same a
9. that the float is in Pressure Activation mode before toggling Toggle to start a new mission by holding the Reset Tool over the RESET label Mission Activation o Air pump runs once o Self test conducted see below for verification procedure Internal tests run can be monitored if communication cable is connected see Connecting a Terminal 6 ARGOS transmissions o Piston EXTENDED fully e Mission Prelude o Test transmissions at the programmed repetition rate o Mission Prelude duration is typically 6 hours o Air pump run during transmissions until air bladder is fully inflated The float can be deployed after the Mission Activation phase and confirmation of proper float function have been successfully completed We advise waiting until the air bladder is fully inflated during the first dozen or so test transmissions of the Mission Prelude before deploying the float If the float fails the self tests the piston will not extend and the air bladder will not inflate The float should not be deployed 7 of 40 B Pressure Activation Deployment Non modal floats are shipped in Pressure Activation mode so no operator action is required to set this mode In this mode the float checks the pressure every two hours If the measured pressure is greater than 25dbar the float starts its mission Otherwise the float moves the piston to the position indicated by mission parameter P Activation piston position if not already there and goes to slee
10. trigger the transition to Command Mode e If the APF9 is not responding it is probably busy with some task Be patient and occasionally try to get the attention of the float with either the Reset Tool or a keystroke e The logging verbosity of the APF9 can be adjusted by the operator The level Parameter D Logging verbosity 0 5 adjusts the amount of information provided in diagnostic messages from the float with 5 being the highest level A logging verbosity of 2 is the default Only level 2 has been thoroughly tested in simulation so this parameter should be set to 2 for all deployments Higher levels are suitable during testing as an aid to float assessment 4 of 40 lll Maximum Operating Pressure APEX profilers have a maximum operating pressure of 2000 dbar 2900 psi However for shallower applications thinner walled pressure cylinders can be used These cylinders have a reduced pressure rating but less mass which allows them to carry a larger battery payload Three cylinder pressure ratings are available e 2000 dbar maximum pressure rating e 1500 dbar battery payload typically 14 greater than with 2000 dbar cylinder e 1200 dbar battery payload typically 28 greater than with 2000 dbar cylinder For example if an APEX profiler is specified by the customer for 1400 dbar maximum profile depth then the 1500 dbar cylinder would normally be used CAUTION If you will be e Exposing floats to significant hydrostatic pressur
11. vitals agent Maximum air bladder pressure 1 234 counts Piston full extension 1 234 counts Display float serial number Storage Piston Position 1 234 counts OK vacuum threshold 1 254 counts List mission parameters Park and profile cycle length 1 234 Deep profile Pressure 0 2000 decibars Park Pressure 0 2000 Cdecibars Quit the mission programming agent Repetition period for Argos transmissions 30 120 sec Mission Timing Agent Ascent time out period 1 10 hours Hours 32 of 40 Td Down time 0 336 hours Hours Tj Deep profile descent time 0 6 hours Hours Tk Park descent time 0 6 hours Hours Tp Mission prelude 0 6 hours Hours Tu Up time 0 24 hours Hours Z Analyze the current mission programming Buoyancy Parameter Menu gt B Menu of buoyancy control parameters Print this menu ah Compensator hyper retraction for park descent 0 234 counts Bi Ascent initiation buoyancy nudge 25 234 piston counts Bj Deep profile piston position 1 234 counts Bn Ascent maintenance buoyancy nudge 5 234 piston counts Bp Park piston position 1 234 counts Timing Parameter Menu gt T Menu of mission timing parameters Print this menu a Ascent time out period 1 10 hours Hours Td Down time 0 336 hours Hours Tj Deep profile descent time 0 6 hours Hours Tk Park descent time 0 6 hours Hours Tp Mission prelude 0 6 hours Hours
12. 34 This will cause all profiles start at the Park Depth the programmed Profile Depth is ignored Between profiles the float drifts at the Park Depth Terminology e Park Depth Intermediate depth at which the float drifts between profiles and from which the float profiles in cycles not evenly divisible by N e Profile Depth Maximum depth to which the float descends from the Park Depth every Nth cycle and from which each Nth profile is conducted e Down Time Programmed time limit for descending from the surface and drifting at the Park Depth Down Time is commonly set to 10 days or to 10 days less the Up Time e Up Time Programmed time limit for ascending from the Park or the Profile Depth and drifting at the surface while transmitting the data acquired during the profile Up Time is typically set between 12 hours and 20 hours increasing with the amount of data to be transmitted per profile The latitude of the deployment also matters ARGOS satellites are in polar orbits so the number of satellite passes per day increases with latitude e Ascent Rate The ascent rate of the float is maintained at or above 8 cm s The float extends the piston by a user specified amount to add buoyancy when the ascent rate falls below this threshold A Profile Ascent Timing Profiles from the Park Depth begin when the operator programmed Down Time expires The float extends the piston by an operator programmed initial amount and begins the ascent A PTS sa
13. AC ABP BAT UP DOWN PRKP PPP NUDGE OK ASCEND TBP TP TPP N Message CRC Message ID 1 for Test Message 1 Message block ID increments with each transmitted message block and wraps at OxFF F W Revision Month F W Revision Day F W Revision Year 2 digit Float ID hull number Time since the start of the Mission Prelude seconds Float status word 16 bits see below Pressure measured once for each test message block centibars Vacuum measured during self tests counts Air bladder pressure measured once for each test message block counts Quiescent battery voltage measured once for each test message block counts Up time hours Down time hours Park pressure decibars Park piston position counts Buoyancy nudge during ascent counts Internal vacuum threshold counts Ascent time out hours Maximum air bladder pressure counts Profile pressure decibars Profile piston position counts Park and profile cycle length Not used only exists for a float with a 20 bit ARGOS ID 18 of 40 Test Message 2 28 bit ARGOS ID Byte s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 22 23 24 25 26 27 31 Mnemonic Description CRC MSG BLK MON DAY YR FEXT FRET IBN CHR PACT DPDP PDP PRE REP SBESN SBEFW EPOCH TOD DEBUG Message CRC Message ID 2 for Test Message 2 Message block ID increments with each transmitted mess
14. Tu Up time 0 24 hours Hours SBE41 Menu gt S Menu of SBE41 functions Print this menu z Display the SBE41 calibration coefficients Sf Display SBE41 firmware revision Sm Measure power consumption by SBE41 Sn Display SBE41 serial number Sp Get SBE41 P Ss Get SBE41 P T amp S St Get SBE41 P amp T low power Float Vitals Menu F Print this menu Fb Maximum air bladder pressure 1 254 counts FF Piston full extension 1 234 counts Fn Display float serial number Fs Storage Piston Position 1 234 counts Fv OK vacuum threshold 1 254 counts 33 of 40 Appendix F Returning APEX floats for factory repair or refurbishment Contact Teledyne Webb Research before returning APEX floats for repair or refurbishment All returns from outside USA please specify our import broker Consignee Teledyne Webb Research 82 Technology Park Drive East Falmouth MA 02536 Notify DHL Danzas Freight Forwarding Agents Attn Ellis Hall Import Broker Phone 617 886 6665 FAX 617 242 1470 500 Rutherford Avenue Charlestown MA 02129 Note on shipping documents US MADE GOODS CAUTION If the float was recovered from the ocean it may contain water which presents a safety hazard due to possible chemical reaction of batteries in water The reaction may generate explosive gases see Alkaline Battery Warning at the beginning of this manual In this case be sure to remove the seal plug to ventilate the instrument b
15. age block and wraps at OxFF F W Revision Month F W Revision Day F W Revision Year 2 digit Piston full extension counts Piston full retraction counts Initial buoyancy nudge starts profile counts Compensator hyper retraction counts Pressure activation piston position counts Deep profile descent period hours Park descent period hours Mission prelude period hours ARGOS transmission repetition period seconds Seabird SBE41 serial number encoded as a hex integer e g S N 8413 is encoded as 0x20DD Seabird SBE41 F W Revision encoded as a hex integer after multiplication by 100 e g F W 2 6 260 0x0104 Current UNIT epoch GMT of Apf9a RTC little endian order Minutes past midnight when down time will expire If ToD feature disabled bytes Oxfffe Debugging Verbosity for generating engineering log entries Not used OxFF The SBE41 biographical data transmitted in this firmware revision is the SBE41 s serial number 2 bytes and the SBE41 s firmware revision 2 bytes The serial number is encoded as a hex integer For example serial number 1500 would be encoded and transmitted as OxO5DC The firmware revision is multiplied by 100 before being encoded as a hex integer For example FwRev 2 6 will be multiplied by 100 to get 260 before being encoded as 0x0104 19 of 40 C Data Messages 28 bit ARGOS ID The number of data messages depends on the number of measurements made during the prof
16. and OxFFFF missing data are used to flag out of range measurements or are otherwise reserved Salinities in the range 0 0015 psu to 0 0005 psu are mapped to OxXFFFE The pressure range is 3276 7 dbar to 3276 7 dbar Hex values 0x8000 nonfinite 0x8001 lt 3276 7 OX7FFEF 32767 7 and OxFFFF missing data are used to flag out of range measurements or are otherwise reserved Pressures in the range 0 15 dbar to 0 05 dbar are mapped to OxXFFFE 24 of 40 E Depth Table 65 for PTS Samples Depth Table 65 below with values expressed in decibars dbar defines where PTS measurements are acquired during a profile Sample Pressure Sample Pressure Sample Pressure Point dbar Point dbar Point dbar Bottom 1 2000 27 550 53 170 2 1900 28 525 54 160 3 1800 29 500 55 150 4 1700 30 475 56 140 5 1600 31 450 57 130 6 1500 32 425 58 120 7 1450 33 400 59 110 8 1400 34 375 60 100 9 1350 35 350 61 90 10 1300 36 340 62 80 11 1250 37 330 63 70 12 1200 38 320 64 60 13 1150 39 310 65 50 14 1100 40 300 66 40 15 1050 41 290 67 30 16 1000 42 280 68 20 17 950 43 270 69 10 18 900 44 260 70 4or surf 19 850 45 250 20 800 46 240 21 750 47 230 22 700 48 220 23 650 49 210 24 625 50 200 25 600 51 190 26 575 52 180 To prevent fouling of the CTD by surface and near surface contaminants the shallowest PTS sample is taken when the pressure is between 6 dbar and 4 dbar 25 of 40 F Telemetry Error Checking CRC ARGOS messages can
17. begin 10 The float is ready to deploy 11 of 40 E Notes and Caveats Self Tests During the self tests the float checks e The internal vacuum e Communication with the CTD e The internal alarm timer settings If any of the self tests fail the float will abort the mission The clearest indication to the operator that this has occurred is the failure of the float to make the initial 6 ARGOS transmissions at 6 second intervals If you do not detect these Mission Activation transmissions with the Cat s Meow DO NOT DEPLOY THE FLOAT Manual Deployment In the case of a Manual deployment if the float is not deployed before the completion of the Mission Prelude phase RESET the float again and wait for it to complete the Mission Activation phase and begin the Mission Prelude before you deploy it Pressure Activated Deployment In the case of a Pressure Activated Deployment the operator is necessarily absent when the float begins the Mission Prelude This means the operator does not have the opportunity to check the air bladder for leaks that a Manual Deployment offers For this reason we strongly recommend that you manually inflate and check the bladder before starting a Pressure Activated Deployment 12 of 40 1 2 3 4 5 Deploying the Float Pass a rope through the hole in the plastic damper plate which is shown in the image at right The rope should fit easily through the hole and be capable of supporti
18. ces of combustion or explosion 3 of 40 ll APF9 Operations Warning for APF8 Operators This APEX manual describes floats using a new controller design The new design is designated APF9 The prior design which is still in production and widely used is designated APF8 The operator interface and behavior of the APF9 are similar to but not identical to the operator interface and behavior of the APF8 If you are an experienced APF8 user please observe appropriate cautions and do not assume an expected behavior Several important differences are listed below These points should also be helpful to those without an APF8 background e The serial baud rate for communications is 9600 with 8 data bits no parity and 1 stop bit The APF8 baud rate is 1200 e APF9 floats using this non modal version of firmware are shipped in Pressure Activation mode The Reset Tool can then be used to toggle between Pressure Activation mode and starting a new mission e If the APF9 is performing some task e g self tests it is not listening and cannot be placed in Command Mode with either the Reset Tool or a keystroke at the terminal o There is one exception If the piston is moving the Reset Tool but not a keystroke can be used to terminate the move The APF9 will transition to its next state or task Typically this will be either Command Mode or Sleep so try a keystroke or a second application of the Reset Tool after the piston stops to confirm or
19. e value This allows for representation of a full range of values 23 of 40 Decimal and Physical Measurement Hexadecimal Conversion Steps Result Temperature gt 0 0x3EA6 lt 0xEFFF gt Traw 16038 T Traw 1000 16 038 C Traw 62859 T2sComplement Traw 65 536 2677 T T2sComplement 1000 Temperature lt 0 OxF58B gt OxF001 2 677 C Salinity Ox8FDD lt OxEFFF Saw 36829 S Staw 1000 gt 36 829 psu Sraw 61443 S2sComplement Sraw 05536 4093 S S2sCompement 1000 oe 0xF003 0xF001 gt sani 4 093 psu Pressure gt 0 0x1D4C lt 0x8000 Paw 7500 P Paw 10 750 0 dbar Praw 65530 P2sCompliment Praw 65536 6 P PosCompliment 10 gt Pressure lt 0 OxFFFA gt 0x8000 0 6 dbar Volts OxBB gt Viaw 187 V Vaw 0 077 0 486 gt 14 9 V Current 0x0A gt Law 10 I law 4 052 3 606 gt 36 9 mA Vacuum 0x56 gt Vaw 86 V Viaw 0 293 29 767 gt 4 5 inHg Conversion Notes The temperature range is 4 095 C to 61 439 C Hex values OxF000 nonfinite OxFO01 lt 4 095 OXEFFF 61 439 and OxFFFF missing data are used to flag out of range measurements or are otherwise reserved Temperatures in the range 0 0015 C to 0 0005 C are mapped to OxXFFFE The salinity range is 4 095 psu to 61 439 psu Hex values OxFO00 nonfinite OxFOO1 lt 4 095 OXEFFF 61 439
20. e during ballasting or testing e Re ballasting and re programming floats for a depth greater than the original specification Please contact Teledyne Webb Research to confirm the pressure rating of specific floats Do not exceed the rated pressure or the hull may collapse 5 of 40 IV Evaluating the Float and Starting the Mission APF9A profilers use either modal or non modal controllers Since the type of controller determines the behavior of the Reset Tool it is extremely important to determine which type of controller is loaded on the profiler The controller described in this manual is non modal meaning that the float will be shipped in Pressure Activation mode and the Reset Tool can be used to toggle the float between Pressure Activation mode and starting a new mission This contrasts with modal floats in which the Reset Tool is always used to start a mission and not to put the float in Pressure Activation mode The motivation for using non modal controllers is to reduce the risk of launching floats that do not start missions For non modal controllers the float will always run a mission when launched either because of Pressure Activation or because the float is already running a mission This is not true for modal controllers which could be launched without either Pressure Activation or without a mission running From this point on this manual describes only non modal behavior If physically connected to the float using a com
21. e to either a question mark or the ENTER when no preceding command is entered IMPORTANT Piston full extension set with menu parameter Ff is calibrated and set at the factory Do not alter the value of Ff shown in the Missions appendix Using a value larger than the factory setting may result in severe damage to the pump Main Menu gt Menu selections are not case sensitive Print this help menu Initiate pressure activation of mission Calibrate battery volts current amp vacuum Set logging verbosity 0 5 Execute activate mission Diagnostics agent Diagnostics menu Kill deactivate mission List mission parameters Mission programming agent Mission programming menu Display the pressure table Exit command mode Seabird CTD agent Seabird CTD menu Get Set RTC time format mm dd yyyy hh mm ss ANNOPVESCMPAXRHMONS N Diagnostics Menu gt I Menu of diagnostics Print this menu Run air pump for 6 seconds Move piston to the piston storage position Close air valve Display piston position Extend the piston 4 counts Goto a specified position 1 234 counts Open air valve Retract the piston 4 counts Argos PTT test Calculate ToD down time expiration Run air pump for 6 seconds deprecated PNarADTOuMUAaAaAnTNA N 30 of 40 WO CON MUN Argos PTT test deprecated Retract the piston 4 counts deprecated Extend the piston 4 counts deprecated Display pis
22. efore shipping Do this is a well ventilated location and do not lean over the seal plug while loosening it Use a 3 16 inch hex wrench provided or pliers to rotate the plug counter clockwise Seal Plug 34 of 40 Appendix G Missions This section lists the parameters for each float covered by this manual To display the parameter list connect a communications cable to the float press lt ENTER gt to wake the float from hibernate and start command mode and press T or L to list the parameters See Connecting a Terminal and APF9A Command Summary for more information IMPORTANT Piston full extension set with menu parameter Ff is calibrated and set at the factory Do not alter the value of Ff shown in the Missions appendix Using a value larger than the factory setting may result in severe damage to the pump INSTRUMENT 5205 APEX version 061810 sn 7169 3706D98 28 bit hex Argos id Ma 042 Argos repetition period Seconds Mr INACTV ToD for down time expiration Minutes Mtc 224 Down time Hours Mtd 016 Up time Hours Mtu 009 Ascent time out Hours Mta 005 Deep profile descent time Hours Mtj 006 Park descent time Hours Mtk 006 Mission prelude Hours Mtp 1000 Park pressure Decibars Mk 2000 Deep profile pressure Decibars Mj 066 Park piston position Counts Mbp 000 Compensator hyper retraction Counts Mbh 016 Deep profile piston position Counts Mbj 010 Ascent buoyancy nudge Counts
23. h the communications cables This converter requires a 12 VDC supply The RS 232 communications cable should be connected to the COM port of a PC Runa communications program such as ProComm or HyperTerminal on the PC Both programs can be downloaded from various Internet sites HyperTerminal is generally included with distributions of the Windows Operating System COM Port Settings 9600 8 N 1 9600 baud 8 data bits No parity 1 stop bit no flow control no handshaking full duplex Teledyne Webb Research recommends the practice of capturing and archiving a log file of all communications with each float If in doubt about a test email the log file to your chief scientist and or to Teledyne Webb Research Once you have started the communications program and completed the connections described above press ENTER to wake the float from Hibernate mode The float will respond that it has detected an asynchronous wake up and will enter Command mode Press ENTER in Command mode to display the main menu Menu selections are not case sensitive See APF9A Command Summary for a complete list of available commands 29 of 40 Appendix E APF9A Command Summary Uppercase commands are used here for clarity however APF9A commands are not case sensitive The menus presented below were copied verbatim from a terminal session with an APF9A controller gt is the APF9A prompt for operator input The first menu is displayed in respons
24. he air bladder typically requires 8 to 10 repetitions Check for air bladder inflation by sticking your finger not a tool through the hole in the bottom of the yellow cowling as described in Step 4 above Don t forget to replace the plug before deploying the float The duration of the Mission Prelude is set by the operator 6 hours is typical At the end of the Mission Prelude the ARGOS test transmissions will cease the float will deflate the air bladder and retract the piston and the first descent of the programmed mission will begin Pressure Activated Deployment Once the piston is fully retracted the float will enter the Pressure Activation phase During this phase it will check the pressure every two hours hibernating in between The float will not enter the Mission Prelude phase until it detects a pressure in excess of 25 dbar There will be no test transmissions nor inflation of the air bladder until the Mission Prelude phase begins When the trigger pressure is detected the float will extend the piston and begin the Mission Prelude making ARGOS test transmissions at the specified repetition rate and also running the air pump to inflate the air bladder see above The duration of the Mission Prelude is set by the operator 6 hours is typical At the end of the Mission Prelude the ARGOS test transmissions will cease the float will deflate the air bladder and retract the piston and the first descent of the programmed mission will
25. he float to warm up indoors before proceeding Remove the plastic bag and three 3 plugs from the CTD sensor as shown in the two images below Carefully remove the black rubber plug from the bottom center of the yellow cowling as shown in the image below This will allow you to verify air bladder inflation in the steps below Use only your fingers to remove the plug Tools may puncture or otherwise harm the bladder Be sure to replace the plug before deployment Note It can be difficult to replace the plug when the air bladder is fully inflated We suggest that you reinsert the plug before the bladder is fully inflated The plug prevents the entry of silt into the cowling in the event the float contacts the sea floor 9 of 40 5 6 7 8 Start a Manual or Pressure Activated Deployment as described above in the Manual Deployment with the Reset Tool and Pressure Activation Deployment sections This will trigger the Mission Activation self tests Where applicable the description below indicates where the two versions of the self tests differ Verify by ear that the air pump is activated for approximately 1 second DO NOT DEPLOY THE FLOAT IF IT DOES NOT BEHAVE AS DESCRIBED BELOW FLOATS THAT DO NOT PASS THE SELF TESTS SHOULD NOT BE DEPLOYED CONTACT Teledyne Webb Research FOR ASSISTANCE The float will conduct self tests for approximately 15 seconds Progress and diagnostic messages will be displayed if
26. ilable and to begin preparing for a transition to 28 bit IDs The 28 bit IDs reduced from 32 to 31 the number of data bytes in each message Data provided by Argos will consist of 31 hex bytes per message Data acquired by use of an uplink receiver will consist of 32 hex bytes per message The first byte when using an uplink receiver is a 28 bit ID identifier used by Argos and is not represented in the Apex Data formats included in this manual Appendix C Storage conditions For optimum battery life floats should be stored in a controlled environment in which the temperature is restricted to the range 10 C to 25 C When activated the floats should be equilibrated at a temperature between 2 C and 54 C before proceeding with a deployment If the optional VOS or aircraft deployment containers are used they must be kept dry and should only be stored indoors 28 of 40 Appendix D Connecting a Terminal The float can be programmed and tested by an operator using a 20 mA current loop and a terminal program The current loop has no polarity Connections should be made through the hull ground and a connector or fitting that is electrically isolated from the hull This is shown in the image below In this case one side of the current loop is clipped to the zinc anode and the other is clipped to the pressure port The communications cables and clamps are included in the float shipment An RS 232 to current loop converter is provided wit
27. ile The formats of the data messages are shown in the tables below Data Message 1 contains float profile and engineering data Data Message 1 28 bit ARGOS ID Byte s Mnemonic Description CRC MSG 2 BLK FLT PRF LEN 7 8 STATUS 9 10 SP 11 CP Nn 12 SPP 13 PPP2 14 PPP 15 16 SBE4I 17 18 PMT 19 VQ 20 TIQ 21 VSBE 22 ISBE 23 VHPP 24 IHPP 25 VAP 26 IAP 27 ABP 28 PAP 29 30 VSAP 31 Message CRC Message ID each data message block is comprised of multiple messages this will be a 1 for Data Message 1 Message block ID increments with each transmitted message block and wraps at OxFF Float ID apf9a controller serial number Profile number wraps to 0 from 255 Number of TSP samples in this message block Same as the Test Message 1 Status word see above Surface pressure at end of Up Time centibars The current pressure centibars as recorded during the creation of each argos message block Each distinct copy of argos message 1 contains a new pressure measurement Piston position when surface detected counts Piston position at end of Park phase counts Piston position at end of last Deep descent phase counts SBE41 status word 16 bits see below Cumulative piston on time during ascent seconds Battery voltage at end of Park phase counts Battery current at end of Park phase counts Battery voltage while SBE41 sampling at end of Park phase counts Battery current while SBE41 sa
28. it ARGOS ID Mission Prelude Data Messages 28 bit ARGOS ID Conversion from Hexadecimal to Physical Units Depth Table 65 for PTS Samples Telemetry Error Checking CRC N N N KR KY FS K N A a U SSN N Co N Co N 6 Ww S Appendix F Returning APEX floats for factory repair or refurbishment Appendix G Missions So A Ww Qr 2 of 40 l Alkaline Battery Warning The profiler contains batteries comprised of alkaline manganese dioxide D cells There is a small but finite possibility that batteries of alkaline cells will release a combustible gas mixture This gas release generally is not evident when batteries are exposed to the atmosphere as the gases are dispersed and diluted to a safe level When the batteries are confined in a sealed instrument mechanism the gases can accumulate and an explosion is possible Teledyne Webb Research has added a catalyst inside of these instruments to recombine hydrogen and oxygen into H20 and the instrument has been designed to relieve excessive internal pressure buildup by having the upper end cap release Teledyne Webb Research knows of no way to completely eliminate this hazard The user is warned and must accept and deal with this risk in order to use this instrument safely as so provided Personnel with knowledge and training to deal with this risk should seal or operate the instrument Teledyne Webb Research disclaims liability for any consequen
29. ment detected during PTS measurement Ox1000 Sbe41PtRegExceptn An exception was detected while parsing the PTS non pedantic regular expression 0x2000 Sbe41PtNoResponse No response detected from SBE41 for PTS request 0x4000 Sbe41PtUncaughtExceptn An uncaught exception was detected for PT request Ox8100 Sbe41PtsPedanitcExceptn An exception was detected while parsing the PTS 0x8200 Sbe41PtsPedanticFail The SBE41 response to PTS sample request failed the pedantic regex 0x8400 Sbe41PtsRegexFail The SBE41 response to PTS sample request failed the nonpedantic regex Ox8800 Sbe41PtsNullArg NULL argument detected during PTS sample request 0x9000 Sbe41PtsRegExceptn An exception was detected while parsing the PTS nonpedantic regex Oxa000 Sbe41PtsNoResponse No response detected from SBE41 for PTS request Oxc000 Sbe41PtsUncaughtExceptn An uncaught exception was detected for PTS request Message 2 continues with miscellaneous engineering data plus eleven statistics of temperature and pressure collected hourly during the park phase Number of samples mean temperature mean pressure standard deviation of temperature standard deviation of pressure minimum temperature pressure associated with minimum temperature maximum temperature pressure associated with maximum temperature minimum pressure and maximum pressure Each of these 11 statistics consumes 2 bytes Pressure and temperature data are encoded as shown in the C source below Data Message 2 28
30. mple is collected at the end of the Park phase When a profile is to begin from the Profile Depth the float will retract the piston and descend from the Park Depth an operator programmed interval before the expiration of the Down Time This interval Parameter Mtj Deep profile descent time in hours provides the additional time needed to descend to and profile from the Profile Depth without losing significant surface time the period when data from the profile are transmitted A PTS sample is collected at the beginning of the Profile phase at the achieved profile depth Subsequent PTS samples are collected during profile ascent per the programmed depth table 14 of 40 Profile and Profile Cycle Schematics Down Time Surface Park Depth Profile Depth Time Deep Profile every cycle Deep Profile every third cycle Time gt 15 of 40 Vil Deep Profile First DPF Independent of the Park and Profile cycle length the first profile is always a Deep Profile that begins at the Profile Depth This means the float returns a CTD profile relatively soon typically less than a day after the float is deployed This feature supports comparison of the initial float profile with a conventional CTD cast from the ship The first descent begins at the end of the Mission Prelude A schematic representation of DPF with a Park and Profile parameter N 2 is shown below N 2 and Deep Profile First DPF Deep Profile on
31. mpling at end of Park phase counts Battery voltage measured just before the end of the initial piston extension beginning Profile phase counts Battery current measured just before the end of the initial piston extension beginning Profile phase counts Battery voltage while air pump running counts Battery current while air pump running counts The air bladder pressure after each argos transmission counts The number of 6 second pulses of the air pump required Integrated Measure of Volt Sec of volume of air pumped during telemetry cycle Not used only exists for a float with a 20 bit ARGOS ID 20 of 40 The definition of the STATUS bits in the engineering data above is shown below Test Message 1 Status Word 16 bits Bit 0x0001 0x0002 0x0004 0x0008 0x0010 0x0020 0x0040 0x0080 0x0100 0x0200 0x0400 0x0800 0x 1000 0x2000 0x4000 0x8000 Mnemonic DeepPrf Shallow WaterTrap Obs25Min PistonFullExt AscentTimeOut TestMsg PreludeMsg PActMsg BadSeqPnt Sbe41 Exception Sbe41 Unreliable AirSysBypass WatchDogAlarm PrfldOverFlow Description Current profile is a Deep Profile Shallow water trap detected Sample time out 25 minutes expired Piston fully extended before surface detected Ascent time out expired Current message is a test message Current messaged transmitted during Mission Prelude Current message is a Pressure Activation test message Invalid sequence point detected SBE41 exception de
32. munication cable between a PC and the float as described in the section Connecting a Terminal at the end of this manual it is also possible to put the float into an inactive state Once connected the i f freeze command immediately makes the float hibernate powering it down and placing it in an inactive state The i 1 command also places the float in an inactive state although the float will remain awake and communicating Entering a q command or not communicating for minutes will then place the float into Pressure Activation mode Either way the easiest way to determine the state of the connected float is via the 1 s command which gives the state as well as any mission time Another non modal float behavior is that if any corrupted or ill formed data is received from the CTD sensor then the mission is automatically started if not already running This ensures that the user will be notified of the problem However this presents another risk when leaving a float in the lab connected to a power source but with no pressure sensor or piston position sensor attached If the float wakes on the two hourly interval and detects no CTD data a mission is automatically started This extends the piston but with no piston position sensor attached there is a risk of extending the piston too far The following sections Manual Deployment with the Reset Tool and Pressure Activation Deployment provide operational summarie
33. ng 50 kg 100 Ib Holding both ends of the rope bight carefully lower the float into water The damper plate is amply strong enough to support the weight of the float However do not let rope slide rapidly through the hole as this may cut the plastic disk and release the float prematurely Take care not to damage the CTD or the ARGOS antenna against the side of the ship while lowering the float Do not leave the rope with the instrument Once the float is in the water let go of the lower end of the rope and pull on the top end slowly and carefully until the rope clears the hole and the float is released It may take several minutes for the cowling to fully flood with water and the float may drift at an angle or even rest on its side during this period This is normal behavior and not a cause for concern Manual Deployment The float will remain on surface for the duration of the Mission Prelude Pressure Activated Deployment The float will sink immediately It will return to the surface within 3 hours and begin the Mission Prelude after detecting a pressure in excess of 25 dbar 13 of 40 VI Park and Profile The APF9A float can be set to profile from a maximum depth Profile Depth after a programmable number N of profiles from a shallower depth Park Depth Special cases are conducting all profiles from either the Profile Depth or the Park Depth The latter is an important special case that can be selected by setting N 2
34. p for another two hours Note that this behavior does present some risk For example if P Activation piston position was set to a value that would make the float bouyant at the surface e g around 100 then a float launched in this mode would never sink and would never activate start its mission For this reason P Activation piston position is typically set to around 16 At this setting the float would sink below 25dbar and consequently start its mission Pressure Activation Deployment Summary e Deploy the float no toggling is required since the float is delivered in Pressure Activation mode e Pressure Activation o Pressure is measured every 2 hours o Pressure in excess of 25 dbar triggers Full piston extension Transition to Mission Prelude e Mission Prelude o Test transmissions 6 hours typical o Air pump run during transmissions until air bladder is fully inflated C Mission Activation and Mission Prelude ARGOS Transmissions The six ARGOS transmissions during Mission Activation and the transmissions during the Mission Prelude contain data about the instrument The information needed to decode these messages is provided in the ARGOS Data section of this manual 8 of 40 1 2 3 4 Mission Activation and Operator Float Function Check Secure the float in a horizontal position using the foam cradles from the shipping crate The minimum internal temperature of the float is 2 0 C If necessary allow t
35. s for the two possible deployment scenarios Both sections refer to self tests conducted by the float and the float function checks performed by the operator Teledyne Webb Research strongly recommends testing all APEX Profilers on receipt by the customer and before deployment to ensure no damage has occurred during shipping 6 of 40 A Manual Deployment with the Reset Tool Since the Reset Tool toggles between Pressure Activation mode and starting a new mission start a new mission by first ensuring that the float is in Pressure Activation mode and then hold the Reset Tool over the marked location on the pressure case for approximately 3 seconds Remove the Reset Tool only after you hear the air pump activate The float will run a brief self test and place itself in a state of maximum buoyancy This is the Mission Activation phase During this time the operator should verify proper function of the float see Mission Activation and Operator Float Function Check The float will telemeter its GPS location and the mission parameters during the Mission Prelude phase Six hours is typical the duration of the Mission Prelude can be set by the operator The piston will be fully extended and the air bladder will be fully inflated during the Mission Activation phase At the conclusion of the Mission Prelude the float will retract the piston deflate the air bladder and begin its pre programmed mission Manual Deployment Summary Ensure
36. s the number of entries in the depth table For example a float may drift into shallow water and not be able to reach the some depths The total number of messages will include message and message 2 plus the number of messages needed for the PTS data The repetition period is known a priori or can be determined form the ARGOS time stamps on sequential messages Subtracting the Te calculated from a particular Message from the message s time stamp produces an estimate of the time at which the float surfaced An example is shown below Example Message 1 DS format Block Number 2001 11 02 22 47 54 1 Byte 2 0x05 m 5 cF 01 05 02 Number of PTS measurements AF 02 47 00 B yte 6 0x47 gt 71 85 01 01 01 16 92 17 19 71 x 6 426 bytes 9E 94 01 AD Number of Msgs for data 85 09 1F 48 426 bytes 28 bytes per msg 16 97 9B 00 46 Total messages Msg1 Msg2 Data Msgs 62 24 OE 1 1 16 n 18 Repetition Period p 46 seconds 27 of 40 Calculate the elapsed time on the surface Te m 1 x n x p 5 1 x 18 x 46 3312 00h 55m 12s Subtracting this from the time stamp of the ARGOS message yields the approximate time of arrival at the surface 22 47 54 00 55 12 20 52 42 The total time spent at the surface can now be calculated by subtracting Te from the known expiration of the Up Time Appendix B Argos ID formats 28 bit and 20 bit In 2002 Service Argos notified its users there were a limited number of 20 bit Ids ava
37. tected SBE41 P unreliable Not used yet Not used yet Air inflation system bypassed excessive energy consumption Wake up by watchdog alarm 8 bit profile counter overflowed 255 0 The definition of the SBE41 status bits in the engineering data above is shown in the table below SBE41 Status Word 16 bits Bit 0x0001 0x0002 0x0004 0x0008 0x0010 0x0020 0x0040 0x0080 0x0100 Mnemonic Description Sbe41PedanticExceptn An exception was detected while parsing the P only pedantic regular expression Sbe41PedanticFail The SBE41 response to P only measurement failed the pedantic regular expression Sbe41RegexFail The SBE41 response to P only measurement failed the non pedantic regular expression Sbe41PNullArg NULL argument detected during P only measurement Sbe41PRegExceptn An exception was detected while parsing the P only non pedantic regular expression Sbe41PNoResponse No response detected from SBE41 for P only request Sbe41PUncaughtExceptn An uncaught exception was detected for p only request Sbe41PDivPts Abnormal P PT S divergence detected for p only request Sbe41PtPedanticExceptn An exception was detected while parsing the PTS 21 of 40 pedantic regular expression 0x0200 Sbe41PtPedanticFail The SBE41 response to PT sample request failed the pedantic regex 0x0400 Sbe41PtRegexFail The SBE41 response to PTS measurement failed the pedantic regular expression 0x0800 Sbe41PtNullArg NULL argu
38. time expiration Minutes Mtc 224 Down time Hours Mtd 016 Up time Hours Mtu 009 Ascent time out Hours Mta 005 Deep profile descent time Hours Mtj 006 Park descent time Hours Mtk 006 Mission prelude Hours Mtp 1000 Park pressure Decibars Mk 2000 Deep profile pressure Decibars Mj 066 Park piston position Counts Mbp 000 Compensator hyper retraction Counts Mbh 016 Deep profile piston position Counts Mbj 010 Ascent buoyancy nudge Counts Mbn 022 Initial buoyancy nudge Counts Mbi 001 Park n profile cycle length Mn 120 Maximum air bladder pressure Counts Mfb 096 OK vacuum threshold Counts Mfv 227 Piston full extension Counts Mff 016 P Activation piston position Counts Mfs 2 Logging verbosity 0 5 D 0002 DebugBits D 4eb0 Mission signature hex 37 of 40 INSTRUMENT 5208 APEX version 061810 sn 7217 3706DE1 28 bit hex Argos id Ma 042 Argos repetition period Seconds Mr INACTV ToD for down time expiration Minutes Mtc 224 Down time Hours Mtd 016 Up time Hours Mtu 009 Ascent time out Hours Mta 005 Deep profile descent time Hours Mtj 006 Park descent time Hours Mtk 006 Mission prelude Hours Mtp 1000 Park pressure Decibars Mk 2000 Deep profile pressure Decibars Mj 066 Park piston position Counts Mbp 000 Compensator hyper retraction Counts Mbh 016 Deep profile piston position Counts Mbj 010 Ascent buoyancy nudge Counts Mbn 022 Initial
39. ton position deprecated Open air valve deprecated Close air valve deprecated 31 of 40 Deployment Parameter Menu gt AP 55 L EX version 013108 sn 0000 1D479 28 bit hex Argos id Ma 060 Argos repetition period Seconds Mr INACTV ToD for down time expiration Minutes Mtc 240 Down time Hours Mtd 013 Up time Hours Mtu 009 Ascent time out Hours Mta 006 Deep profile descent time Hours Mtj 006 Park descent time Hours Mtk 006 Mission prelude Hours Mtp 1000 Park pressure Decibars Mk 2000 Deep profile pressure Decibars Mj 066 Park piston position Counts Mbp 000 Compensator hyper retractin Counts Mbh 016 Deep profile piston position Counts Mbj 010 Ascent buoyancy nudge Counts Mbn 022 Initial buoyancy nudge Counts Mbi gt ye 004 Park n profile cycle length 120 Maximum air bladder pressure Counts Fb 096 OK vacuum threshold Counts Fv 227 Piston full extension Counts Ff 016 Piston storage position Counts Fs 2 Logging verbosity 0 5 D 0002 DebugBits D c745 Mission signature hex nu selections are not case sensitive Print this help menu Enter ARGOS ID in HEX Buoyancy control agent Compensator hyper retraction for park descent 0 234 counts Ascent initiation buoyancy nudge 25 234 piston counts j Deep profile piston position 1 234 counts Ascent maintenance buoyancy nudge 5 234 piston counts Park piston position 1 234 counts Float
40. ts of 6 bytes in order of T 2 bytes S 2 bytes P 2 bytes D Conversion from Hexadecimal to Physical Units The temperature salinity pressure voltage and current values measured by the float are encoded in the Data Messages as hex integers This compression reduces the number of bytes in the ARGOS transmissions The resolution of the encoded hydrographic values is shown in the table below Measurement Resolution Range Data Format Conversion Temperature 0 001 C 4 095 C to 16 bit unsigned T Traw 1000 61 439 C with 2 s complement Salinity 0 001 psu 4 095 psuto 16 bit unsigned S Saw 1000 61 439 psu with 2 s complement Pressure 0 1 dbar 3276 7 dbar 16 bit unsigned P Paw 10 to 3276 7 dbar with 2 s complement Volts V 8 bits unsigned V Vaw 0 077 0 486 Current MA 8 bits unsigned I law 4 052 3 606 Vacuum InHg 8 bits unsigned V Vaw 0 293 29 767 To convert the hex values in an ARGOS message back to physical units proceed as described in the table below The initial conversion from Hexadecimal to Decimal should assume the hex value is an unsigned integer with a range of 0 to 65535 for temperature salinity and pressure measurements a range of 0 to 255 for voltage and current measurements and a range of 0 to 4095 for optode measurements If temperature salinity or pressure raw values are above the maximum unisigned value listed a 2 s complement conversion should be applied to obtain a signed negativ
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