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1. EPANET 2 Programmers Toolkit files 184 EPANET 2 source code files 519 List of EPANET 2 updates and bug fixes Any questions or comments contact Lewis Rossman Rossman Lewis epa gov Last updated on undefined undefined NaNth NaN URL http www epa gov ORD NRMRL wswrd epanet html E A 8 Ss Si no puede visualizar bien el contenido pulse aqui para instalar el p a Home EA A Instituto de Ingenieria del Contact Agua y Medio Ambiente a an News Espa ol International Workshop on Water Management under Drought Conditions 1 A M A g ABOUT HAMA a RESEARCH GROUPS AND TECHNOLOGIC OFFER Assessment of Environmental Hydraulics and Hydrology Hydrogeology River Engineering Water Resources Engineering Mathematic Modeling of Water Chemistry and Water Networks and Presurized Groundwater Flow and Microbiology Systems Transport Processes Instituto de Ingenieria del Agua y Medio Ambiente Direcci n postal Universidad Polit cnica de Valencia ETSI Caminos Canales y Puertos Camino de Vera s n 46022 Valencia Spain Tel 34 96 3879820 Fax 34 96 3877618 E mail Direcci n director ilama upv es Secretar a secretaria 11ama upv es2. Er ph Se er ets ran Pia bowel dere gorse er a El Ee E A lr fol atu o fro a PRO E il a Pe Hr dl ALE LAA ee pr CONCLUSION The capabilities of a GIS can be extended beyond that of maintaining utility records into the area of planning and managing It is becoming more and more popular to use computer models to simulate the reality before taking any decision This also applies to water companies which employ water models to ensure the adequate quantity and quality service of the drinking water to the community The use of ArcView GIS along with the additional functionality given by a customized extension oriented to water distribution network modelling may suppose a major advance in terms of analysis assessment and maintenance of the main assets of a water company The integration of a hydraulic simulator within a GIS offers a series of advantages for the water engineer not only in terms of evaluation of the system performance but also at other levels such as planning design management and decision making issues Consequently an ArcView GIS extension called GISRed has been developed to fulfil these objectives It has been used in many projects from large to medium sized urban areas to diagnose the state and performance of the water network system so that many alternatives can be studied before taking any real action on the system ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project has been developed within the REDHISP group from the Hydraulic En
3. The typical steps the modeller will have to go through when using the GISRed Extension to build a water distribution model are 1 Draw a network representation of the distribution system from scratch using the editing tools or import it from a CAD file a shapefile or Epanet input file 2 Check import errors if necessary Simplify the network if required Edit the network properties Interpolate elevations at selected nodes Allocate demands based on consumptions by streets Describe how the system is operated by means of demand patterns pump curves control rules etc Select the analysis options Run a hydraulic water quality analysis and view the results of the analysis 10 Calibrate the network manually as a first approach 11 Calibrate the network automatically by defining a calibration configuration and using the GA calibration module O ONAN NN E W 12 Send the calibration results back to the model 13 Perform a new simulation and analyze the results again 14 If the results are good enough stop the process otherwise go on with the calibration The next flow chart summarizes the process Digttalzaton j Shapefile 8 e GIS coverage zou Making Topology g CAD drawing i E o mam JLE Memes El Epanet IHP debugging E AvE pa Project iz niniin Editing Tools Simplification Definition of Hetwork Object Properties Spatial Analyais Demand Allocation Hessto
4. MODEL HYDRAULIC AND QUALITY SIMULATION Another benefit of the total integration is the possibility of running the final network model built with the extension just by clicking a button Again GISRed offers new capabilities to analyze and view the results The results can be matched against the background themes such as streets and building blocks and evaluate the impact on the quality of service for the final customer D a CRYST ANS TEN _ m i ESO AS AAA cite Ej eh ee ben itd i aL NIE af hams A A a 24 EXAMPLES OF USE IN REAL NETWORKS GISRed has been used to model and calibrate real water distribution systems WDS varying from large real networks to medium sized ones The most useful task GISRed can help with is in master planning issues In a master plan project the main idea is to define a scenario for the network model and give a diagnosis of the current performance of the system Based upon this new scenarios are proposed for the short and long term taking into account the variation of the population and the new areas of expansion Finally enhancements on the network are planned and simulated to see the feasibility and support action strategies WATER NETWORK CALIBRATION THE GISRED APPROACH A water distribution model in order to be reliable must be calibrated that is the model must be capable of accurately predicting flow and pressure conditions at any point of the system Accord
5. Walski T M Brill E D Gessler J Goulter I C Jeppson R M Lansey K Lee H L Liebman J C Mays 1 Morgan D R et al 1987 Battle of the Network Models Epilogue Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management Vol 113 No 2 ASCE Hugo J Bartolin Industrial Engineer and PhD student Group of Hydraulic Networks and Pressurized Systems REDHISP Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering ITAMA Polytechnic University of Valencia e mail hbartoli dihma upv es U S Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research _ gt E ent gt National Ane gt anization gt gt EPANET 2 0 WSWRD Home Water Supply 8 Water Resources Points of Research EP AN ET 2 0 Urban Watershed Management Treatment Technology alicia NEUE the hydraulic and AL E water quality File Edt View Project Repot Window Help EPANET 2 0 behavior of water m distribution lO Network i Area Contacts e ail F E P TRACE LAKE rammers 20 00 te 40 00 60 00 P 80 00 percent e updated 7 02 02 Flow Units GPM Zoom 100 Run Status Description EPANET is a Windows 95 98 NT program that performs extended period simulation of hydraulic and water quality behavior within pressurized pipe networks A network can consist of pipes nodes pipe junctions pumps valves and storage tanks or reservoirs EPANET tracks the flow of water in each pipe the pressure at eac
6. a network description file read and modify various network design and operating parameters run multiple extended period simulations accessing results as they are generated or saving them to file and write selected results to file in a user specified format The Tookit should prove useful for developing specialized applications such as optimization or automated calibration models that require running many network analyses as selected input parameters are iteratively modified It also can simplify adding analysis capabilities to integrated network modeling environments based on CAD GIS and database packages A Windows Help file is available that explains how to use the various Toolkit functions and offers up some simple programming examples The Toolkit also includes several different header files function definition files and lib files that simplify the task of interfacing it with C C Delphi and Visual Basic code Support There is no formal support offered for EPANET An EPANET Users Listserve established by the University of Guelph allows subscribers to ask questions and exchange information T subscribe send an email message to listserv listserv uoquelph ca EMN disclaimer with the words subscribe epanet users without the quotes in the body followed by your name Downloads File Date Description Kbytes Self extracting installation program for 1 383 EPANET 2 Users Manual in Adobe PDF 1 067 E
7. use a coding to the problem similar to that of DNA s The process is based on operations that emulate the natural selection crossover and mutation techniques The process to calibrate a WDS using the GA calibration module can be summarised by the following diagram LOS Os HE TINO R F CO NOTO HS MO DEL FIELD 0474 SETTING UP ae CALIBRA TIO H CONFIGURATION Ga PARAMETERS GROUPING THE HE TINO R F EPS NET INPUT FILE GENERATING CALIBRA TIO H INPUT FILES PUM A MG CALIBRATIO H IMPORT MG TOLT REZULTE LIB RATO H RESULTS RUNNING wi BA MG TN WALL IDATION RESULTS ee MATING RESULTS TO ee E DATAN 4 sE RUNNING THE MO DEL CASE STUDY In order to illustrate the capability of the calibration module of the GISRed Extension the following example is presented The network to calibrate is a small water distribution system of a hypothetical community called Anytown originally introduced by Walski et al in 1987 This example is installed along with the extension The network layout is shown in the following picture NETWORK PROPERTIES The water distribution system consists of 40 pipes 22 junction nodes 16 demand nodes 6 non demand nodes two elevated tanks one fixed head source reservoir and three pumps For this example pipe roughness is expressed in terms of the Hazen Williams C factor Both tanks have bottom elevations of 65 5 m and overflow elevations of 79 5 m The water level in the clear we
8. Hugo J Bartolin Fernando Martinez Modelling and Calibration of Water Distribution Systems A New GIS Approach GIS is becoming an essential tool for utility companies especially water companies which have found an excellent way to manage and assess their assets This paper presents an ArcView GIS extension called GISRed which is a customized application oriented to the task of water network modelling GISRed is capable of simulating analyzing and retrieving the actual network status under certain conditions using an integration of the widely used EPANET engine In addition to this a new functionality has been developed to allow the final user to calibrate the network model by means of a genetic algorithm module which works seamlessly along with the extension The final result is a full calibrated water network model derived from the GIS database and ready to be used in decision making issues INTRODUCTION Hydraulic simulation models are becoming of common use among planners water utility personnel consultants and many other involved in analysis design operation or maintenance of water distribution systems In order to make network simulation models useful it is necessary to calibrate them before being used Walski 1983 Ormsbee 1989 The model calibration process consists of adjusting a set of physical and operational parameters for the purpose of achieving a reasonable match between measured and computed pressures and flows in the netw
9. IS functions This built in application was originally conceived to make water distribution network models and be used besides to perform complex tasks such as importing a whole or partial network from an external source creating a hydraulic network model and automatically calibrating it The ArcView GISRed Extension is essentially a tool for helping the hydraulic engineer in the task of modelling water distribution networks and in supporting decision making issues based on the model all within a GIS environment The extension consists of a series of scripts over 450 programmed in Avenue along with a series of dialogs over 30 It is based on the concept of scenario which is a new type of document that appears in the project manager of ArcView once the extension is loaded A scenario is basically a view document of ArcView whose most important difference is the associated database needed to set up a network model Moreover every scenario includes two basic themes required to construct a model namely a node and a link theme They contain all the necessary features and references to represent the network model including the topology 2 Arc iew GIS 3 Za Eile Project SVE Window Help El 2 Untitled EY gt i Cite A SS ASS i a PROJECT NET 3 SCENARIO Net 3 Parent Y NODES of Net 3 Junction Pump ES Reservoir hx Tank Y LINKS of Net MODEL CONSTRUCTION PROCESS USING GISRED
10. a spatial operation At this time the demand allocation is done by equally distributing the total demand assigned to each street segment to all those closest nodes The unaccounted for water 1s next added proportionally to demands All this is straightforwardly performed by the allocation tool for each one of the zones included in the system New allocation methods are intended to be implemented in the future Me n e a a ia m pra rm AS ET HE Pei Mas z ia w Y a E E j T T Tii A Vs Fie it ds a ip ELEVATION INTERPOLATION The elevation of a junction 1s always a required property when trying to simulate a hydraulic model Even though node elevations do not have any influence in the flow distribution they are used to compute pressure at the junction and consequently it is a basic parameter in order to obtain reliable results Using GISRed the user can assign the elevation to a node in three ways by means of the property editors going node by node by using the edit group tool to assign the same elevation to a group of selected nodes or by using an interpolation surface or spatial GRID This last method is the most efficient when the user has enough data in a theme of scattered points with an elevation reference in ma q FS e O A A ii A T t t HH ES ti i TE Bee we Bail AA A E oa Re ota a alot ei EE Hii dies HIERBER EHENINE RUNNING THE
11. ally developed to help water utilities maintain and improve the quality of water delivered to consumers through their distribution systems It can be used to design sampling programs study disinfectant loss and by product formation and conduct consumer exposure assessments It can assist in evaluating alternative strategies for improving water quality such as altering source utilization within multi source systems modifing pumping and tank filling emptying schedules to reduce water age utilizing booster disinfection stations at key locations to maintain target residuals and planning a cost effective program of targeted pipe cleaning and replacement EPANET can also be used to plan and improve a system s hydraulic performance Pipe pump and valve placement and sizing energy minimization fire flow analysis vulnerability Studies and operator training are just some of the activities that EPANET can assist with Back To Top y Y CY N a olaa D y n napa CY A V4 e penn 7 ipg A DE e AS a ae y L ll Gil V AT ALAVE S aw The EPANET Programmer s Toolkit is a dynamic link library DLL of functions that allow developers to customize EPANET s computational engine for their own specific needs The functions can be incorporated into 32 bit Windows applications written in C C Delphi Pascal Visual Basic or any other language that can call functions within a Windows DLL There are over 50 functions that can be used to open
12. arisD Descrip Elev 7 5 m Initial Quaity mgl Diameter Em mm Setting m Loss Coett 0 Fixed Status NONE Controls Exit Daye j Ak E i Flow Hiki 1235678901112 15867 EW VAs Dema Pe a 1 kee Lo lm ro il E go amplio ori red Fabes F on xj Takipi bear Caspa rval Liar Faham D E airs Pur EE eroded by brin Tor 1 Tira Posed 7 As pa al do Esparta peer dl cate cl TS 15 UHE SS OPE HF Heda 1 BELO Ti sara E UNE 335 CLOSED IF Mode 1 A30E 151 LIKE SO CLOSED iF Proce 1 BELO 171 Tpk Comal E dica IE UNC O do o de O oan EA Other dialogs comprise curve and pattern editors control rules dialogs analysis options etc DEMAND ALLOCATION As far as a water distribution system is concerned the demand allocation is usually one of the most important and critical tasks when modelling a network to such an extent that a reliable allocation can make a big difference in terms of hydraulic behaviour GISRed extension implements a demand allocation tool to assign a base demand to the model junctions based on the company billing records grouped by streets and a road segment theme The total consumption of each street is distributed to its segments proportionally to their length Then the application is capable of identifying the nodes of the model that are closer to each one of the street segments this is based on
13. d other properties such as demand patterns pump curves quality parameters simulation options calibration configurations etc These tables are necessary to generate the input data required by both the simulator and the optimization module The next figure depicts a part of the relational structure of the database used in GISRed JUNCTIONS MO ot Descript Elk atii Demand IDPipe Descrpt Le wth ht Bmet BASIC THEMES IO pate nm Em fil oet ll Hal A Hew Dem aid IDK amet Pong bce TY ID Rongi Mat ID Mat MLC TY BrkCo T SHAPE i ID Link ert ore ID UserLink ID Typed omp lO Mode lO UWert ode l lDUstodez ID Statue node Angle ID Come ModLetlLpctt utoLencih T Tag LrkLatU pet VALVES lahe Descrpt waleType Dame de Setthg RESERVOIRS 1D Reese Descript Ek vation TotalHead ID Pate m lb taal ieee Descrpt ID HGC nue Pique f a Epee d Re pee d P i Hd TANKS lige Descript Elk Uat Diameter Iwo oa in tLe ue Mar Level PA Ii Level Bia IO RA be Acude Lars T NETWORK TOPOLOGY The Extension allows to build a network from scratch or import a network from different information sources which is the most usual procedure The application enables the user to import data from ArcView shapefiles CAD drawings dwg dxf den Epanet input files or even a whole database generated with the application used to import old versions or damaged projects Each one of these for
14. ed measurements for each loading condition with and without confidence intervals The last one depicts the residual values at the selected measurement location namely the difference between observed measurements and predicted ones Calibration Compartcon for the Head at Jurection 140 JUNCTION 140 M observed E Predicted z Talibration Groups Compriton Pi Ed GROUP ROUGHNESSES Motsered M Predicted 140 120 i l Fs 3 4 Cabbration Group o fB BSS 0123456706839101112134 151617 18 192021 as Instant of Trie Hrej J Confidente Intervals for the Head at Joncteon 140 Es CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR JUNCTION 140 Al Low Interval Pred clad Resu igh interval Calibration Residus for the Head at Junction 140 RESIDUALS AT JUNCTION 140 E Obeened Predicted 01234567 6 9 101112191015 617 181920212223 in iant of Time Ars 0 i2345 67 8 S110 1203 14 15 16 1 18192021 2223 insta of Time Hrs APPLICATION TO A REAL NETWORK The GA module has been successfully applied to calibrate the water network of Valencia Spain which is a coastal city of about 400 000 consumers The network is around 1 200 km in length and unlike the majority of conventional networks the main characteristic of the Valencia system is that it is driven by valves which makes the calibration particularly complex because of the different pressure zones that 3 different fronts of valves originate a Hen RRR RE
15. essure dependent flow issuing from emitters sprinkler heads base system operation on simple tank level or timer controls as well as on complex rule based controls In addition EPANET s water quality analyzer can model the movement of a non reactive tracer material through the network over time model the movement and fate of a reactive material as it grows e g a disinfection by product or decays e g chlorine residual with time model the age of water throughout a network track the percent of flow from a given node reaching all other nodes over time model reactions both in the bulk flow and at the pipe wall allow growth or decay reactions to proceed up to a limiting concentration employ global reaction rate coefficients that can be modified on a pipe by pipe basis allow for time varying concentration or mass inputs at any location in the network model storage tanks as being either complete mix plug flow or two compartment reactors EPANET s Windows user interface provides a visual network editor that simplifies the process of building piping network models and editing their properties Various data reporting and visualization tools are used to assist in interpreting the results of a network analysis These include graphical views time series plots profile plots contour plots etc tabular views and special reports energy usage reaction and calibration reports Back To Top EPANET was specific
16. gineering Department of the Polytechnic University of Valencia I would like to express my gratitude and thanks to all people from the Centre for Water Systems University of Exeter UK for their friendly support and assistance while developing the connection with the GA calibration module and especially Z Kapelan and D Savic for their valuable ideas and suggestions This project has been financially supported by the CICYT Commission of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education project CALNET REN2000 0380 P4 03 by the Polytechnic University of Valencia and by the Grupo Aguas de Valencia S A REFERENCES Bartolin H Martinez F Monterde N 2001 Connecting ArcView 3 2 to EPANET 2 A full environment to manage water distribution systems using models Water software systems theory and applications International Conference on Computing and Control for the Water Industry CCWI 01 Montfort University Leicester UK 6 9 September 2001 pp 355 368 Bartolin H Martinez F Sancho H 2003 Obtencion de modelos hidraulicos de redes de suministro de agua desde SIG Conexion Arc View EPANET 2 XXIII Jornadas de la AEAS Salamanca Espana 4 6 Junio 2003 Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc ESRI 1996 Using Avenue ArcView Spatial Analyst Using ArcView GIS Redlands USA Goldberg D E 1989 Genetic Algorithms in Search Optimisation and Machine Learning Addison Wesley Publ
17. h node the height of water in each tank and the concentration of a chemical species throughout the network during a simulation period comprised of multiple time steps In addition to chemical species water age and source tracing can also be simulated The Windows version of EPANET provides an integrated environment for editing network input data running hydraulic and water quality simulations and viewing the results in a variety of formats These include color coded network maps data tables time series graphs and contour plots EPANET was developed by the Water Supply and Water Resources Division formerly the Drinking Water Research Division of the U S Environmental Protection Agency s National Risk Management Research Laboratory It is public domain software that may be freely copied and distributed Back To Top EPANET provides a fully equipped extended period hydraulic analysis package which can handle systems of any size compute friction head loss using the Hazen Williams Darcy Weisbach or Chezy Manning formulas include minor head losses for bends fittings etc model constant or variable soeed pumps compute pumping energy and cost model various types of valves including shutoff check pressure regulating and flow control valves allow storage tanks to have any shape i e diameter can vary with height consider multiple demand categories at nodes each with its own pattern of time variation model pr
18. ing to Shamir et al 1968 calibration of pipe network systems consists of determining the physical and operational characteristics of an existing system This is achieved by determining various parameters that when input into a hydraulic simulation model will yield a reasonable match between measured and predicted pressures and flows in the network As a first approach a manual calibration may be carried out taking advantage of all the capabilities of GISRed such as the generation of new scenarios in which new assumptions and configurations may be taken into consideration In the wake of the manual calibration a much more tuned calibration might be required In this case GISRed offers a module to fine tune some of the network parameters using an advanced search technique This module is based on a Genetic Algorithm developed by the Centre for Water Systems of the University of Exeter Genetic algorithms GA are one of the new evolutionary computing EC search techniques that have been developed in the past thirty years These search techniques utilise many of the evolutionary processes in nature to find near optimum solutions to real world problems One of the most favourable of these EC search techniques is the GA Essentially a genetic algorithm optimises a given function as long as it can be explicitly defined GA s mimic nature and they carry out this with the representation and the operators As far as the representation 1s concerned GAs
19. ishing Co Kapelan Z S 2002 Calibration of Water Distribution System Hydraulic Models PhD Thesis School of Engineering and Computer Science University of Exeter United Kingdom Macke S 2001 DC Water Design Extension Dorsch Consult May 2001 http dcwaterdesign sourceforge net Martinez F Garcia Serra J 1993 Modelizacion Matematica de Sistemas de Distribucion de Agua en Servicio Abastecimientos de Agua Urbanos Estado Actual y tendencias futuras pp 189 226 U D Mecanica de Fluidos Universidad Politecnica de Valencia Martinez F Garcia C 1998 Integracion del programa Epanet para el analisis de redes de distribucion de agua en ArcView 3 0 VII Conferencia Nacional de usuarios ESRI Madrid Ormsbee L E 1989 Implicit Network Calibration Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management Vol 115 No 2 ASCE Razavi A H 1997 ArcView GIS Avenue Developer s Guide Second Edition OnWord Press Rossman L 2000 Epanet 2 User s Manual Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati USA http www epa gov ORD NRMRL wswrd epanet html Traducci n al espa ol Grupo REDHISP Shamir U Howard C 1968 Water Distribution Systems Analysis Journal of the Hydraulic Division Vol 94 No 1 ASCE Walski T M 1983 Technique for Calibrating Network Models Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management Vol 109 No 4 October 1983 ASCE
20. ll is maintained at an elevation of 3 04 m All three pumps have identical pump characteristic curves A unique demand pattern is considered for all demand nodes Besides there are four monitoring points located on nodes 40 90 120 and 140 at which head measurements were recorded during a hypothetical field test Ormsbee 1989 The initial roughness for all the pipes is set to 100 Hazen Williams CALIBRATION PROCESS Following the last diagram let us start by defining a new calibration configuration Pee pias Manager NAME Config CREATOR Hugo DATE Fredy 14 Februsep 2003 13 08 45 Ed mes Calibration Configuration m A AIN OOD FIELD DATA GROUPS G Parameters Creator Epa File OS E accept tare Let us specify the monitoring points that recorded the Head Measurements This is done in the Field Data section Since there are just head measurements available a head measurement text file will be imported Field Data at Importing Field Data ec Source DBase Fie dbl z import Type MMM Units fl eae Field Data dbf Table ce est av_gea0 arcview ext32 avepa enamples ary iD fia Weight Weight z The next step is to introduce the Roughness Groups decision variables and assign a prior estimate and a weight in order to later group netwo
21. mats implies a specific interpretation of the information in its origin At the time of importing the data are read filtered debugged if needed treated and stored as a RDB relational database During the process the most remarkable point lies in the fact of generating a coherent topology for the network and assuring the connectivity between lines whose respective nodes fall within a specified tolerance To accomplish this the application adds the corresponding two nodes every time a source line polyline is originally read or drawn NETWORK EDITING AND CHECKING TOOLS There are a series of advanced editing tools grouped in different tool bars that are directly dependant upon the current active theme That is similar to the way of working within standard Arc View in which the graphical user interface and menu options associated change depending on the document and current active theme of the project The tool bars that may be used with the application are Link tool bar allows to add remove pipes to from the model edit and modify vertices and draw pipes by coordinates All these operations preserving the topology and connectivity of the network Node tool bar allows to add junctions pumps valves reservoirs and tanks move nodes and consequently all those pipes connected to the node connect pipes to a node make I connections and delete nodes merging the corresponding two pipes into just one if possible It is possible to conve
22. n boundary conditions reservoir tank heads pump valve status M ipods Mre N poys Mre Mpy B Y Y my 4 Hy Y Y Moy Oj 0P Y wa i j l i f k l where E Fitness dimensionless H Measured Head H Predicted Head Q Measured Flow Q Predicted Flow d Prior estimate of the decision variable Pseudo Measurement d Prior estimate of the decision variable w weights 1 s2 s generalized error residual in measurement units In this particular example the terms of flows and prior estimates are neglected since we did not consider flow measurements and the weights for all decision variables were set to 0 The results presented after the calibration of the previous example network are as follows 2 Calbration Results Se Objectve Fumchon Valse 05302 GROUP FESTIM GARESULT ST DEV COEF Graph 0287277 E 0304241 a O40 a Olhe Parameters ie Bl Esporl to Excel pe Dala poo tn Ee FU Cont interval __Flesiduals Residual F Cond Intervals Wabdabon gt gt gt First of all the application shows a list of roughness coefficients that better fit the network configuration In addition there is also valuable graphic information to assist the modeller For instance in the next picture the first chart shows the differences between the predicted roughness for all pipe groups and the prior estimates The next two charts show the observed and predict
23. n nterpolation a Simulation Scenario Definition Exportto EPAHE T o AR Results Interpretation DATA MODEL The Extension emulates the behaviour of a relational database defining a functional configuration that provides a robust inner structure to build and manage water distribution models fully compatible with EPANET The relational database comprises a series of tables that are linked based on a unique identifier key field The two main tables are directly associated to the node and link themes and contain the graphic reference shape field The node table refers to all nodal elements of the network namely junctions tanks reservoirs upstream and downstream nodes of pumps and valves and also contains general features such as internal 1d s user 1d s and a series of numeric values that define the legend to display This table also contains the connectivity degree of each node and the rotation angle of the symbol associated to the node In the link table records refer to all graphic link elements namely pipes and short lines between the from to nodes that define either a pump or a valve This table contains the topology of the network as well as the status of pipes open closed Each one of these tables 1s linked to other non graphical tables that contain all the relevant properties of the elements required by a model Apart from the tables that refer to the network elements there are some others that refer to hydraulic options an
24. ork The integration of GIS and hydraulic modelling software offers many additional capabilities of analysis and data management For this reason it is not unusual to see built in applications that lump together GIS and hydraulic simulation optimization software to obtain a valuable tool in terms of modelling and decision support The benefits of the integration are quite evident The modeler can save a lot of time in constructing a network model making use of all the potential that the GIS offers when it comes to data management manipulation and analysis On the other hand the use of a hydraulic modelling software within the GIS environment provides the advantage of simulating the model under any conditions and analysing the model outputs in combination with other GIS layers and all within the same environment Optimisation methods have been widely used by engineers to calibrate networks over the last few decades Taking advantage of this integration optimisation modules can also play an important role as part of the modelling process This paper presents an extension to Arc View that basically integrates hydraulic modelling tools a hydraulic simulation software and a hydraulic calibration module CUSTOM BUILT APPLICATION WHAT IS GISRED GISRed is an Extension to ESRI s ArcView GIS software that integrates the widely used hydraulic modelling software EPANET 2 0 and a calibration module based on a genetic algorithm along with all the original G
25. rk pipes Group ID CEAR E Weight Finally let us define the GA Parameters Di Genetic Abporithn Parameters GA Parameters integer Type of values Mri Max Humirien j A GA Type Population Size Random Output EA Selector Toumamert Mase ibarat ie Nukes Rate aw O Finesa Vaiia 0000001 In this example we are going to use Integer Genes that can take the values from within a finite interval For the genetic algorithm the following parameters are selected GA Type STEADY STATE Selector TOURNAMENT Replacer WEAKEST Crossover SIMPLE ONE POINT Rate 0 90 Mutator RANDOM Rate 0 10 Population Size 200 Random Seed 3 Output Interval 10 Max Iterations 1000 Min Required Fitness Variance 1E 6 At this point pipe grouping is required thus using the Group Edit Dialog we can assign the pipes to one of the groups of roughness already defined The next step 1s the generation of the calibration input files These files will allow the GA calibrator to do its job After running the calibrator and once the optimization process ends the results are imported into the database and a total fitness 1s given for the problem configuration The problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem of weighted least square type that is minimise the objective function E subject to a particular set of nodal demands loading conditions and know
26. rt any node from one type to another The tool bar for the pipe device themes non modelling oriented works in a similar way but it does not take into account any topology action This is reserved for auxiliary devices not to be considered in the model There are also tools to work with catalog images and to generate street address themes 2 Editing Tools Ad Edi _ eltel HEI Additional tools have been developed to check network inconsistencies such as bad connections unconnected nodes network connectivity graph theory based and out of range parameters such as length diameter roughness material etc After the verification process 1f some node or link errors have been detected a graphical error theme will appear in the table of contents with all the details of the actual error PROPERTY EDITORS There are a series of dialogs to enter the hydraulic properties of all the elements present in the network Those dialogs include a browser that allows to go from element to element Element properties can also be assigned by grouping them beforehand xil 12 JUNCTION PROPERTIES Z PIPE PROPERTIES 160 48 m JEN men lslaslananas Wave Identiicatio Valve slasCanaias E Type Fev Quality Features Decat 1 Ordes Bux Desciipiiore ag o Jpetream Downetream M 7 Up lslasCanariall Descrip Nodo de impul Elev 76 m Initial Status O Dowrt fislasCan
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