Lightning Detection EFM-100 Atmospheric Electric Field
Contents
1. EFA 20 Field Mill USB Connector Fiber Optic Connector Figure 11 EFA 20 Fiber Optic Adapter 11 CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION ST Fiber Optic Connectors The EFM 100 transmits its data over a fiber optic cable The fiber optic cable uses St style connectors on each end Keyway Locking Tabs Figure 12 Female Fiber Optic Connector If the field mill installer is not familiar with ST fiber optic connectors he should familiarize himself with the connectors on the ground before mounting the field mill on the roof Align the key in the male connector with the keyway in the female connector before inserting the male connector into the female connector Insert the male connector into the female connector and rotate the locking collar until you feel the tabs stop in the detents Align with keyway and locking tabs before inserting Fiber Core Figure 13 Male Fiber Optic Connector 12 CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION Sensitivity Connector Ground Connection Power Connector Fiber Optic Data Connector Figure 14 EFM 100 Field Mill Connections Power Connector Connect the black cable from the field mill s power connector to the EPM 1 Power Module s field mill power connector The cable supplies 12VDC to the field mill and carries the analog output signals back to the EPM 1 See the Lightning Hazard caution in the EPM 1 Analog Output section of this manual2. 32 Figure 30 Departing 33 Figure 31 End of Stotm 33 Figure 32 Step Changes in Field Magnitude Indicate Lightning 2 34 Figure 33 Precipitation 34 Figute 34 Field Mill Gleanitie isenimine annis 35 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Introduction Congratulations on your purchase of a Boltek EFM 100 Electric Atmospheric Electric Field Monitor The EFM 100 is a low cost high quality atmospheric electric field monitor which uses your personal computer to display and record data The EFM 100 not only detects nearby lightning but can also detect the high electric field conditions which preceded lightning EFM 100 lightning data is only approximate and should not be used for safety applications Strike and storm locations indicated and alarm statuses may be erroneous and should not be used to safeguard personnel equipment or data Up to four field mills can be monitored using the included software Field mills can be directly connected to the display computer USB or COM port or connected to a remote computer with data transmitted over a network Your EFM 100 package should contain 1 EFM 100 field mill 1 fiber optic cable Standard length 100 feet 30 meters Optionally 150 feet 45 meters or 200 feet 60 meters 1 UTP power cable Standard length 100 feet 30 meters
3. 100 D All Clear Files 8 100 D Lightning Alarm Range Rings Rings 6 12 18 24 E Unit Miles Kilometers Data Logging ae Data Sharing Figure 21 EFM Options Lightning Alarm Field Mill Selector Select the field mill for which you would like to enable or disable alarms Enable Lightning Alarm Checkbox Check this checkbox to enable the Lightning Alarm for the currently selected field mill Duration Lightning Alarm Duration is the length of time the lightning alarm will remain active after a lightning event is detected For the Lightning Alarm to clear there must be no lightning events detected for the petiod of the lightning alarm duration WAV Repeat Interval Enter the number of minutes between repeats of the WAV sounds 24 CHAPTER 3 CONFIGURING THE SOFTWARE WAV Filenames The WAV Filename is the file which will play out the computer speakers when the On Activation Distance Repeat or All Clear is activated The check boxes will enable or disable the WAV files from playing Click on the Browse icon 5 to select the WAV file from a list Click on the Play icon 14 to listen to the selected WAV file Lightning Alarm Range Rings Displays the Lightning distance rings in the EFM software Press the button to add a new distance ring or press the button to remove a set distance ring Select the distance uni
4. Fiber Optic Connector Connect the orange fiber optic cable from the field mill s fiber optic connector to the EFA 10 s fiber optic connector The fiber optic cable carries electric field data from the field mill to the EFA 10 and ultimately to your computer See the detailed drawings of the fiber optic connector and note the keyway and locking tabs on the connectors Orient the key and locking slots properly on the male connector before attempting to insert the male connector into the female connector Ground Connector Connect the connector end of the green ground wire to the field mill ground connector The other end of the green ground wire connects to the field mill mount s ground connection When mounting the field mill it is important to properly ground the field mill and the field mill mount The field mill is grounded through the green ground wire The field mill mounting hardware mast and or tripod needs to be grounded though suitable sized copper ground wire to your building central ground point See Grounding Detail for mote information 13 CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION Sensitivity Connector The sensitivity connector accepts a sensitivity plug to reduce the sensitivity of the field mill Several different values are provided so you can choose an appropriate value for your installation See Chapter 1 Intensification of Electric Field for a description of why this is necessary Figure 15 Sensitivity Plugs With no plug insta
5. Optionally 150 feet 45 meters or 200 feet 60 meters 1 EFA 10 fiber optic adapter 1 EFA 20 fiber optic adapter 1 DB 9 male to DB 9 female RS232 cable 1 USB cable 1 EPM 1 power module CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 AC wall adapter power supply 120 to 12VDC for North America 220V AC to 12VDC for Europe 1 field mill grounding wire 6 sensitivity plugs 0 75X 0 63X 0 5X 0 33X 0 25X 0 2X 1 mast 9 7 NPT X 6 1 mounting flange 1 CDROM containing Windows software and USB drivers 1 user manual this is it Unpack your EFM 100 and make sure all the parts are included Theory of Operation Electric fields develop wherever there 1s a difference in electric potential If the electric field gets high enough you can feel your hair stand on end if this happens outdoors during a thunderstorm crouch down with your feet together as you are about to be struck by lightning An electric field 1s what attracts your hair to a charged comb or a charged balloon Electric field is measured in Volts per meter 1 meter 3 28 feet The electric fields which accompany thunderstorms normally measure in the thousands of Volts per meter usually abbreviated to kV m Lightning can be detected as a sudden change in the electric field The electric charge contained in a thundercloud also generates an electric field This field can be measured on the ground CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION For an accurate electric field reading the field mill needs to be
6. The minimum number is 1 field mill The maximum number is four field mills If you have more than four field mills you will require a second computer for each additional four field mills creating a multi monitor display 19 CHAPTER 3 CONFIGURING THE SOFTWARE Data Source Name Enter a descriptive name for each field mill If you are displaying the data from more than one field mill the name will be used to identify the source of the data Select individual field mills in the Field Mill Selection box above Enabled Checkbox Check this checkbox to enable the display of data for the currently selected field mill Data Source Point Select the type of connection to the field mill Serial USB Network or EFA 20 Select Serial USB for field mills connected to the computer directly using the EFA 10 Select Network to display the data from a remote computer Select EFA 20 for field mills connected to the computer using the EFA 20 fiber optic adapter Com Port For field mills connected directly to the computer select the COM port allocated to the connection For field mills connected using a RS232 COM port this is usually COM1 or COM2 For USB connected field mills this is usually COM3 COM9 Network For remote field mills enter the host and domain name or the IP address of the computer which is sharing a field mill Port For remote field mills enter the port number of the field mill from the computer which is sharing the field mill Se
7. 0 01 kV m Analog Output Infinite 50 125 Multi Mode Fiber Optic Cable with ST Connectors lt S gt lt EE EE gt lt C gt lt CR gt lt LF gt S sign checksum E electric field CR carriage return LF line feed Example 02 34 3A 9600 baud 8 bits 1 stop bit no parity Differential 1V per kV m Single Ended 0 5V per kV m 12 15 VDC 0 5 Amps 120 VAC 60Hz 220VAC 50 HZ in Europe Ball Bearing Brushless DC Motor 3 4 NPT Threaded Pipe Note 3 4 NPT measures 1 O D 40 F to 140 F 40 C to 60 C 6 7 dia x 5 17 cm dia x 13 cm 2 2 lbs 1 kg 13 Ibs 5 75 kg 41 APPENDIX SPECIFICATIONS Shipping Dimensions 20 x 14 x 8 47 x 33 x 22 cm Warranty 1 Year EFM 100 Software Specifications Operating System Microsoft Windows 8 7 Vista XP 2000 NT 98 95 Alarms High Field Alarm Very High Field Alarm Lightning Alarm High Field Alarm Range 0 to 20 kV m Very High Field Alarm Range 0 to 20 kV m History Graph 5 min 15 min 30 min 1 hour 2 hour 4 hour 8 hour 24 hour Handles on the graph for zooming in Vertical Scales 0 5 kV m 1 kV m 2 kV m 5kV m 7 5 kV m 10 kV m 15 kV m 20kV m Handles on the graph for zooming in 42
8. Delay The Very High Field Alarm Delay is the length of time the field magnitude must remain above the setpoint before the alarm is activated If the electric field magnitude drops below the setpoint before the delay expires the delay timer will be reset For example with a delay of 30 seconds and setpoint of 1 kV m the electric field must remain above 1 kV m or below 1 kV m for 30 seconds before the alarm activates Duration Very High Field Alarm Duration is the length of time the Very High Field Alarm will remain active once the field drops below the alarm setpoint WAV File Checkbox Check the checkbox to enable the playing of WAV file sound when the Very High Field Alarm activates Clear the checkbox to disable the playing of the WAV sound WAV Filename The WAV Filename is the file which will play out the computer speakers when the Very High Field Alarm is activated Click on the Browse icon to select the WAV file from a list Click on the Play icon to listen to the selected WAV file WAV Repeat Interval Enter the number of seconds between repeats of the WAV sound 23 CHAPTER 3 CONFIGURING THE SOFTWARE EFM Options Lightning Alarm Field Mil Datal Enable Lightning Alarm Duration 15 minutes Repeat Interval 3 minutes On Activation C Program Files x86 Boltek EFM 1O0 WAN Distance Fies D Repeat C Program Files 48
9. electric field difference must remain above 1 kV m or below 1 kV m for 30 seconds before the alarm activates Duration Delta Alarm Duration is the length of time the Delta Alarm will remain active once the Delta Alarm is triggered WAV File Checkbox Check the checkbox to enable the playing of WAV file sound when the Delta Alarm activates Clear the checkbox to disable the playing of the WAV sound WAV Filename The WAV Filename is the file which will play out the computer speakers when the Delta Alarm is activated Click on the Browse icon to select the WAV file from list Click on the Play icon to listen to the selected WAV file WAV Repeat Interval Enter the number of seconds between repeats of the WAV sound 26 CHAPTER 3 CONFIGURING THE SOFTWARE EFM Options Data Logging EFM 100 Options Field Mil Enable Data Logging High Resolution Log Location C Program Files Boltek EFM Data Data Sharing Figure 23 EFM Options Data Logging Field Mill Selector Select the field mill for which you would like to configure data logging Enable Data Logging Checkbox Check the Enable Data Logging checkbox if you would like field mill data to be logged to the hard drive for the field mill selected in the selection box above Logged data is viewable using the EFMView Electric Field Mill Data Viewer Select File Open on the main menu to view the data file L
10. is available on the EPM 1 Power Module Output voltage is 1V per kV m differential ranging from 20V corresponding to 20kV m to 20V corresponding to 20kV m Note that EPM 1 connections are directly connected to the field mill and a lightning hazard exists at those connections LIGHTNING HAZARD EPM 1 connections are not optically isolated from the roof mounted field mill Dangerous voltages may occur should lightning strike at or near the field mill DC Voltmeter 1 Volt per kV m Figure 8 EPM 1 Voltmeter Connections Differential Preferred Connection If a differential connection is not possible a single ended connection may be made DC Voltmeter 0 5 Volt per kV m Figure 9 EPM 1 Voltmeter Connections Single Ended 10 CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION EFA 10 Fiber Optic Adapter The EFA 10 Fiber Optic Adapter converts the optical data from the field mill to an electrical signal compatible with your personal computer Data is transmitted optically from the field mill at 9600 baud 8 data bits 1 stop bit no parity RS 232 Connector Field Mill to RS 232 Cable Fiber Optic Connector Figure 10 EFA 10 Fiber Optic Adapter The EFA 10 converts this optical data stream to an electrical signal compatible with your computer s 5232 COM port EFA 20 Fiber Optic Adapter The EFA 20 Fiber Optic Adapter converts the optical data from the field mill to an electrical signal compatible with your personal computer s USB port
11. C BOLTEK BOLTEK CORPORATION Lightning Detection EFM 100 Atmospheric Electric Field Monitor Installation Operators Guide EFM100 1000120 101812 BOLTEK LIGHTNING DETECTION EFM 100 Atmospheric Electric Field Monitor Disclaimer EFM 100 lightning data is only approximate and should not be used for safety applications Strike and storm locations indicated and alarm statuses may be erroneous and should not be used to safeguard personnel equipment or data Neither Boltek Corporation nor its affiliates shall be liable to the purchaser of this product or third parties for damages losses costs ot expenses incurred by purchaser or third parties as a result of use misuse accident or abuse Notwithstanding the above Boltek Corp s liability shall not exceed the purchase price of the equipment THIS EQUIPMENT IS NOT TO BE USED FOR SAFETY PURPOSES USE OF THIS PRODUCT SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE ACCEPTANCE OF BOLTEK S STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS ENCLOSED AND AVAILABLE AT WWW BOLTEK COM IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS PLEASE RETURN THIS PRODUCT TO THE PLACE OF PURCHASE FOR A FULL REFUND 2004 2014 Boltek Corporation 4 Stonebridge Dr Unit 2 Port Colborne ON L3K 5V5 Canada Email info boltek com Web www boltek com Phone 905 734 8045 Fax 905 734 9049 FCC Compliance Statement For United States Users This equipment is tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital de
12. Connectors esse 9 Figure 8 EPM 1 Voltmeter Connections Differential Preferred Connection 10 Figure 9 EPM 1 Voltmeter Connections Single 10 Figure 10 EFA 10 Fiber Optic 4 11 Figure 11 EFA 20 Fiber Optic Adapter sss 11 Figure 12 Female Fiber Optic Connector 12 Figure 13 Male Fiber Optic Connector eese 12 Figure 14 EFM 100 Field Mill Connections sss 13 Fieured5 Plugs assan SSS a i Abani in 14 Figure 16 Correcting a Field Mill using a Reference Field Mill se 15 Figure 17 Field Mill Grounding esse 17 Figure 18 EFM Options sss ee eee eene 19 Figure 19 EFM Options High Field Alarm sess 21 Figure 20 EFM Options Very High Field Alarm eese 22 Figure 21 EFM Options Lightning Alarm essen 24 Figure 22 EFM Options Delta 25 Figure 23 EFM Options Data 27 Figure 24 EFM Options Data Shar ing sse 26 Figure 25 EFM 100 Software Display seen eee eene 29 Figure 26 Approaching Thhundercloud sss 31 Figure 27 Increasing Field due to Approaching Thundercloud 31 Figure 28 Thundercloud Directly Overhead sss 32 Figure 29 Electric Field Polatity
13. Sensor Sensitivity Resistor e Conditioning and Supervision Motor Drive Xu E Low Pass Filter Fiber Optic Output Analog Output Figure 3 Field Mill Block Diagram Charge flowing onto and off of the sense electrodes will develop a voltage across the sense resistor This voltage is amplified and fed into an analog switch along with an out of phase version of the signal CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION installation Connect and test your EFM 100 on the ground before permanently mounting the sensor unit Install the software on your computer and connect the field mill as shown below The field mill should respond to charged objects brought near it Most plastic objects can be easily charged by rubbing them on your clothes EFM 100 Field Mill Provided 12VDC ie tad EPM 1 Provided Power Module Provided Cat3 or Cat5 UTP Cable 9 Provided zs m e 4S 3o 3b amp o Computer Not Provided EFA 10 Ground Fiber Optic Adapter connection Provided Not Provided RS232 i or USB a gt p o Provided EFA 20 Fiber Optic Adapter Provided Figure 4 EFM 100 Connection Diagram CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION EFM 100 Display Software Installation Insert the provided EFM 100 Software CD into your CD ROM drive The setup program should start automatically If the setup program does not start automatically you can sta
14. by the manufacturer could void the user s authority to operate the equipment For Canadian Users This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference Causing Equipment Regulations Cet appareil num rique de la class B respecte toutes les exigences du R glement sur le materiel brouilleur du Canada CAUTIONS EFM 100 lightning data is only approximate and should not be used for safety applications Strike and storm locations indicated and alarm statuses may be erroneous and should not be used to safeguard personnel equipment or data Install the EFM 100 Field Mill on a calm clear day when no thunderstorms are expected If you are not experienced in safe antenna installation using appropriate safety equipment you should refer installation to an experienced antenna installer See Television Antennas in the Yellow Pages LIGHTNING HAZARD EPM 1 connections are not optically isolated from the roof mounted field mill Dangerous voltages may occur should lightning strike at or near the field mill IMPORTANT The EFM 100 field mill needs to be grounded for proper operation and for lightning and electrical safety Connect the field mill green ground wire and the field mill mounting hardware to your building central ground through a suitable sized grounding wire according to your local electrical code ELECTROCUTION HAZARD You can be killed if the field mill or its mounting hardware comes in contact wi
15. e EFM Options Data Sharing for more information Serial Number When EFA 20 15 selected as the Data Source Point select the corresponding serial number for the data you want to display If using multiple EFA 20 adapters the unique serial number is located on the bottom of each EFA 20 for easy identification 20 CHAPTER 3 CONFIGURING THE SOFTWARE EFM Options High Field Alarm Field Milk Datal v IV Enable High Field Alarm Setpoint 5 kv m Delay 0 seconds Duration 2 minutes x T ri 5 WAY File C Program Files x86 Boltek EFM 100 WAV s B Repeat Interval 180 seconds I 3 a E Data Sharing Figure 19 EFM Options High Field Alarm Field Mill Selector Select the field mill for which you would like to enable or disable High Field Alarm Setpoint High Field Alarm Setpoint is the magnitude of electric field required to trigger a High Field Alarm For example with a setpoint of 1 kV m the alarm will activate if the field goes above 1 KV m or below 1 kV m Delay The High Field Alarm Delay is the length of time the field magnitude must remain above the setpoint before the alarm is activated If the electric field magnitude drops below the setpoint before the delay expires the delay timer will be reset For example with a delay of 30 seconds and setpoint of 1 kV m the electric field must remain above 1 kV m or below 1 kV m for 30 seconds before the a
16. e green ground wire to the field mill ground connector Connect the other end of the green ground wire and the field mill mounting hardware to your building s central ground through a 6 bare ground wire or other suitable wire according to your local electrical code Grounding wire and clamps are available at your local hardware store or electric supplier IMPORTANT The EFM 100 field mill needs to be grounded for proper operation and for lightning and electrical safety Connect the field mill green ground wire and the field mill mounting hardware to your building central ground through a suitable sized grounding wire according to your local electrical code 16 CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION 100 Field Mill Connect to EFM 100 Ground Connector See Figure 13 Green Field Mill Ground Wire Provided Copper Ground Wire Not Provided Ground connection Not Provided Figure 17 Field Mill Grounding Detail 17 CHAPTER 3 CONFIGURING THE SOFTWARE Configuring the Software EFM Options General amo mmm Number of Data Sources 1 Max 4 Datal Data Source Name Data Enabled Data Source Point Serial USB Lightning ComPot PA Network localhost Port 3000 Serial Number M Data Logging gi Data Sharing Figure 18 EFM Options General Number of Data Sources Enter the number of field mills for which you would like to display data
17. ea of interest in the trend graph There are zoom handles for magnifying the display horizontally the time axis or vertically the amplitude axis Click and drag a zoom handle to adjust The Current Field Reading is the amplitude of the electric field at the present time The current field reading is updated approximately once per second The Time Range Selector is used to change the scale of the horizontal scale axis The Amplitude Range Selector is used to change the scale of the vertical amplitude axis The Lightning Alarm Range Rings display the distance range of detected lightning strikes 30 CHAPTER 4 OPERATION Interpreting the Data Display Often the first indication of an approaching thundercloud is a positive field reading followed by a field reversal to a negative field as the cloud moves overhead Cloud Direction Figure 26 Approaching Thundercloud fair weather electric field Figure 27 Increasing Field due to Approaching Thundercloud 31 CHAPTER 4 OPERATION Cloud Direction gt Figure 28 Thundercloud Directly Overhead Figure 29 Electric Field Polarity Reversal With the thundercloud directly overhead the polarity of the field has reversed to a negative electric field 32 CHAPTER 4 OPERATION 444444444444 Cloud Direction D Figure 30 De
18. ed dirt Periodically inspect your field mill to ensure the Teflon insulators are free from dirt or contamination Watch for spider webs or other debris which could short an electrode to ground the case Teflon insulators must be free of dirt or contamination Clean away any spider webs or debris shorting insulators to ground Figure 34 Field Mill Cleaning 35 APPENDIX TROUBLESHOOTING Troubleshooting Problem Signal Lost Fault Solution The EFM 100 software will report a signal lost fault if it does not receive data from the field mill for more than a few seconds You will need to determine why the data is not reaching the software Possible causes will depend on the type of field mill connection USB RS 232 or network Remote Field Mill If the field mill is a remote network connected field mill the problem will need to be solved at the remote computer Troubleshoot at the remote computer as a USB RS232 connected field mill USB RS232 Field Mill If you are experiencing a Signal Lost Fault on field mill directly connected to your computer s USB or RS232 port you will first need to determine if there is data coming from the field mill down the fiber optic cable Check the power supply to the field mill It may be possible to see the optical signal coming down the fiber At the computer unplug the fiber optic ST connector from the EFA 10 Fiber Optic Adapter If the field mill is transmitting data the signal should be
19. larm activates 21 CHAPTER 3 CONFIGURING THE SOFTWARE High Field Alarm Duration High Field Alarm Duration is the length of time the High Field Alarm will remain active once the field drops below the alarm setpoint WAV File Checkbox Check the checkbox to enable the playing of WAV file sound when the High Field Alarm activates Clear the checkbox to disable the playing of the WAV sound WAV Filename The WAV Filename is the file which will play out the computer speakers when the High Field Alarm is activated Click on the Browse icon 8 to select the WAV file from a list Click on the Play icon to listen to the selected WAV file WAV Repeat Interval Enter the number of seconds between repeats of the WAV sound EFM Options Very High Field Alarm encom Field Mil Datal X Enable Very High Field Alarm Setpoint kV m Delay 0 seconds Duration 2 minutes WAY File C Program Files x86 Boltek EFM 100 WAV s Repeat Interval 180 seconds Data Sharing Figure 20 EFM Options Very High Field Alarm 22 CHAPTER 3 CONFIGURING THE SOFTWARE Field Mill Selector Select the field mill for which you would like to enable or disable Very High Field Alarm Setpoint Very High Field Alarm Setpoint is the magnitude of electric field required to trigger a Very High Field Alarm For example with a setpoint of 1 kV m the alarm will activate if the field goes above 1 kV m ot below 1 kV m
20. lled the field mill has a relative sensitivity of 1 0 Sensitivity plugs reduce the sensitivity to compensate for the enhanced electric field of a field mill mounted above the surface of the ground Lower numbers represent lower sensitivities For example the 0 25X plug will reduce the sensitivity to of the field mills normal sensitivity Fortunately most installations won t require a precisely calculated correction factor On a clear day simply choose the sensitivity jumper which produces field values closest to the normal fair weather electric field of 0 1 kV m If electric field readings during thunderstorms routinely exceed 20 m the limit of the field mill you should change to a lower value Sensitivity Plug after the storm and when it is safe to do so Calculating a Precise Sensitivity Value If you require a precisely calibrated field mill for scientific or other precision applications you will need to calculate a precise correction factor then order or assemble a custom Sensitivity Plug The most accurate method for calculating an exact geometric correction factor is to temporarily run two field mills simultaneously a temporary reference field mill and the permanent field mill The temporary reference field mill is mounted flush with the surface of the ground to prevent the electric field enhancement which occurs when objects are mounted above the ground The permanent field mill is mounted in its permanent location The correc
21. mounted flush with the ground Mounting the field mill flush with the ground is not practical however as water dirt insects etc will collect around the sense electrodes and contaminate the electrode insulators n Figure 1 Electric Field Mill at Ground Level Mounting the electric field mill above the ground surface will enhance the electric field resulting than an incorrect high reading Sensitivity Plugs are provided to reduce the sensitivity of your field mill and compensate for the higher field mill readings WY Figure 2 Intensification of Electric Field CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The EFM 100 s electric field mill senses electric field by repeated exposing and shielding a series of sense electrodes An electric field mill uses a mechanical chopper to alternately shield and expose several sense plates to an electric field When the sense plates are exposed to the electric field an electric charge is drawn from ground to the plates through a sense resistor When the sense plates are shielded from the field the charge flows back to ground again through the sense resistor This moving charge is an electric current which is measured as an AC voltage across the sense resistor The size of the voltage is proportional to the size of the electric field applied to the plates Sense Electrodes Rotor Rotor
22. n a 5 NPT National Pipe Thread threaded pipe Note that 74 NPT pipe measures 1 outside diameter A short length of 7 NPT threaded pipe and a 5 NPT mounting flange are provided for mounting the field mill on a horizontal surface Longer lengths of threaded pipe are available at your local hardware store Antenna mounting tripods are available at your local Radio Shack store or your local television antenna installer see Television Antennas in your Yellow Pages Install the EFM 100 Field Mill on a calm clear day when no thunderstorms are expected Your local antenna installer can do a safe and professional field mill installation and can also ensure that the field mill is properly grounded If you are not experienced in safe antenna installation using appropriate safety equipment you should refer installation to an experienced antenna installer See Television Antennas in the Yellow Pages Choosing an Outdoor Mounting Location If possible choose a mounting location for your field mill which will provide easy access for maintenance While your field mill should run for many years with little or no maintenance cleaning or de icing may occasionally become necessary A location which is easy to access can make this a much easier and safer task The choice of a mounting location can affect the operation of the field mill In general higher is better ELECTROCUTION HAZARD You can be killed if the field mill or it
23. ogging data will consume approximately 1 3 megabytes of hard disk space per field mill per day Data files have a filename consisting of the field mill name the file date and a efm suffix For example Shop Roof 03252004 efm Data files are comma delimited ASCII text files allowing the files to be loaded into spreadsheets or other third party software High Resolution Checkbox When the High Resolution box is checked it will store the EFM 100 data 20 times per second Leaving it unchecked will store the data 2 times per second Please note when this option is enabled it will also increase the file size Logfile Location This is the directory where the data files are stored Click on the Open icon 5 to browse for the directory 27 CHAPTER 3 CONFIGURING THE SOFTWARE EFM Options Data Sharing coc M O O o Field Mit Datat IV Enable Sharing Listen Port 3000 Figure 24 EFM Options Data Sharing Field Mill Selector Select the field mill for which you would like to configure data sharing Enable Sharing Checkbox Check the Enable Sharing checkbox if you wish to share your field mill data with others If enabled your 100 software will list on the Listen Port for incoming connections Once a connection has been made the software will begin transmitting field mill data to the remote computer There is no limit to the number of concurrent connections Listen Port This is the port on which y
24. our computer will listen for incoming connections Each field mill being shared on one computer must have a unique port number 28 CHAPTER 4 OPERATION Ci Operation The EFM 100 display software interprets and displays the field mill readings and status For remote field mills the software also attempts to establish and maintain a network connection with the remote computer s EFM 100 display software in order to receive the remote data When Data Sharing is enabled the display software will accept remote connections and deliver its field mill data over those connections for others to view To start the EFM 100 display software select Start All Programs Boltek EFM 100 Electric Field Monitor Location Descriptor History Graph E Boltek Electric Field Monitor v1 26 File Tools Help Zoom Lightning Alarm Handles Range Rings Zoom ea i Alarm 11 01 30 11 0200 Handles Annunciator 7 4 Amplitude Selector Current Field Range Selector Reading Figure 25 EFM 100 Software Display 29 CHAPTER 4 OPERATION Location Descriptor describes the location of the field mill When the software is configured to display data from multiple field mills the descriptor is important in identifying the source of the data The History Graph shows the most recent data in graphical form The history graph is useful in identifying trends in electric field Zoom Handles are used for zooming in on an ar
25. parting Thundercloud cloud overhead Figure 31 End of Storm Oscillation Once the cloud has passed over the field will often reverse back to positive before decaying to a normal fair weather electric field reading of about 0 1 kV m This field reversal at the end of the storm has been referred to as the End of Storm Oscillation ESO 33 CHAPTER 4 OPERATION Nearby lightning Distant lightning Figure 32 Step Changes in Field Magnitude Indicate Lightning Step changes in the magnitude of the electric field indicate lightning Closer lightning produces larger field changes than distant lightning The EFM 100 can detect lightning out to about 24 miles Figure 33 Precipitation Noise Rain snow and dust can carry an electric charge If charged particles contact the field mill sense plates the electric charge will transfer from the particle to the sense plate and will be detected as noise on the field mill reading During periods of heavy rain the precipitation noise can get quite severe Once the storm passes the noise will disappear Precipitation noise can reduce the ability of the software to detect distant lightning but nearby lightning can still be detected 34 CHAPTER 5 MAINTENANCE Ci i Maintenance Your EFM 100 should run for years with very little maintenance An occasional cleaning may be all that is necessary In most installations even that will not be necessary as rain will wash away any accumulat
26. rt it manually by clicking on Start Run type d setup exe then click OK Once the software is installed you can run the EFM 100 display software by clicking on Start All Programs Boltek EFM 100 Electric Field Monitor EFA 20 USB Driver Installation 1 Plug the squate end of the USB cable into the EFA 20 and the other end of the cable into an available USB port on a Laptop PC 2 Windows should automatically install the driver if there is an internet connection If the Found New Hardware Wizard appeared in step 1 or there is no active internet connection a Click Cancel if Found New Hardware Wizard window pops up b Insert EFM 100 Software CD ROM and Open Computer or My Computer and go into CD ROM Drive Open USB DRIVER folder and run EFA20 USB_Driver_Install exe c Click Yes or Continue if Allow Changes to computer message pops up d When Driver Setup window appears click Next Browse for a different installation folder or leave default folder then click Install f Setup will extract some files then click Next when USB Driver Installer window appears g Read End User Agreement then select I accept this EULA and click Next h After the two drivers BOLTEK CDM Driver Package amp FTDI CDM Driver Package have been successfully installed click Finish Click Close on Driver setup window and installation is complete CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION Hardware Installation The EFM 100 field mill mounts o
27. s mounting hardware comes in contact with an electrical power line WATCH FOR AND STAY AWAY FROM ALL OVERHEAD WIRES CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION Mounting the field mill close to tall objects will result low readings as the tall object will shield the field mill sensor Figure 5 A poor choice of mounting locations Avoid mounting the field mill in a location where it will be shielded by buildings tree or other tall objects Mount your field mill with similar considerations given to an anemometer NS Figure 6 An excellent choice of mounting locations CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION EPM 1 Power Module The EPM 1 power module is a connection point for sending DC power up to the field mill and connecting to analog signals from the field mill Field Mill Power Cable Connector On CURRY Figure 7 EPM 1 Power Module Connectors Field Mill Power Cable Connector Connect the black cable from the EPM 1 Power Module s field mill power connector to the field mill power connector The cable supplies 12VDC to the field mill and carries the analog output signals back to the EPM 1 See the Lightning Hazard caution in the EPM 1 Analog Output section of this manual Power Supply Connector Connect the provided 12VDC power supply to the EPM 1 s power supply connector CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION Analog Output Analog output
28. th an electrical power line WATCH FOR AND STAY AWAY FROM ALL OVERHEAD WIRES Table of Contents INTRODUCTION sisiss scssssssscsssssacocsvocsdososoncdecsoscdecssocooosseessovassessonssecssessnscssvassessdenssenes 1 THEORY OF OPERATION i HS tl DIS Me a et et at nn a 2 TINS TAL EA C A YQ 5 EFM 100 DISPLAY SOFTWARE INSTALLATION 0 00 cc0ccccccccceecscuecesecesueeeeaaeeeaees 6 EFA 20 USB DRIVER INSTALLATION 00 00cccccccccecceeecscueceseuessuusesuaseseueesaeeeaeeeaaes 6 HARDWARE INSTALLATION 0 00 c0ccccccceeeccccuececeecueeceecueeeceecaueeecuueeeeecaueeeeeauaeeeeeaaes 7 CHOOSING AN OUTDOOR MOUNTING LOCATION eeaeee rierren 7 EPM 1 POWER MODULE stre er e E n ER E En eed repond 9 ANALOG OUTPUT eeaeee erene ce eeeceeseeee seca seaeeeeaeueeueeeaaeseaeseeaaeeeaeseeaaeeeaeees 10 EFA 10 FIBER OPTIC 11 EFA 20 FIBER OPTIC EEn ESEE ESEE ESE SEn eS ni 11 ST FIBER OPTIC CONNECTORS 12 CALCULATING A PRECISE SENSITIVITY 14 GROUNDING DETAIL 1 16 CONFIGURING THE SOFTWARE ccccccccssssscccssscccccsssccccssscccccssscccccssssccccessccess 19 EFM OPTIONS GENERAL 00 0 020 0ise0s c0ccccseccvecccsseveveveceve
29. tion factor needed is equal to the reference field mill reading divided by the permanent field mill reading If two field mills are not available an approximate correction factor can be determined by moving a single field mill from one location to another during a period of stable electric field 14 CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION Permanent field mill requiring correction Temporary reference field mill mounted flush with the ground Figure 16 Correcting a Field Mill using a Reference Field Mill reference correction permanent Once you have calculated the required sensitivity reduction correction factor you can calculate the resistor value needed for the Sensitivity Plug resistor SOUS 100A 2 1 correction For most installations it is not necessaty to correct using a reference field mill It is usually sufficient to choose a sensitivity plug which produces a fair weather electric field of approximately 0 1 kV m and does not saturate above 20 kV m or 20kV m during most thunderstorms Electric field trends and sudden changes lightning are of much more interest than an exact absolute value Alarm set points can be lowered to increase alarm sensitivity or increased to reduce the frequency of nuisance alarms 15 CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION Grounding Detail The EFM 100 field mill needs to be grounded for proper operation and for lightning and electrical safety Connect the connector end of th
30. ts away Problem Data often appears clipped at 20 kV m Solution If your data is routinely clipped at 20 kV m or 20 kV m your field mill is probably too sensitive Reduce the field mill sensitivity by changing the Sensitivity Plug to a lower value See Chapter 2 38 APPENDIX 100 DATA FORMAT EFM 100 Data Format The EFM 100 Electric Field Mill transmits data sentences down the fiber optic cable at the rate of twenty readings per second The EFA 10 converts the optical signal to standard RS232 at 9600 baud 8 data bits no parity 1 stop bit Electric Field Sentence lt p gt lt ee ce gt lt f gt lt cs gt lt cr gt lt lf gt lt p gt polarity of electric field or lt ee ee gt electric field level 00 00 to 20 00 lt f gt fault 0 Normal 1 Rotor Fault lt cs gt checksum in hex 00 to FF lt cr gt carriage return lt lf gt line feed Example 00 33 0 C9 Represents 0 33kV m with no faults Checksum can be ignored for most applications 39 APPENDIX SPECIFICATIONS Specifications EFM 100 Hardware Specifications Electric Field Range Typical Range of Interest Response Time Resolution Digital Data Cable Digital Data Format RS232 Analog Data Output DC Power Supply AC Power Supply Motor Type Mount Temperature Range Dimensions EFM 100 Weight Shipping Weight 20 kV m to 20 kV m 5 kV m to 5 kV m 0 1 seconds Digital Output
31. ts by clicking either the Miles or Kilometers radio button EFM Options Delta Alarm Field Mill 1 Enable Delta Alarm Setpoint 5 Interval 300 seconds Delay i seconds Duration 5 minutes WAV File C Program Files 485 XBoltekSEFM 100NwW AV Repeat Interval 60 seconds o i 3 Data Sharing Figure 22 EFM Options Delta Alarm Field Mill Selector Select the field mill for which you would like to enable or disable alarms 25 CHAPTER 3 CONFIGURING THE SOFTWARE Setpoint Delta Alarm Setpoint is the change of the electric field magnitude required to trigger a Delta Alarm For example with a setpoint of 1 kV m the Delta Alarm will activate if the field increases or decreases by 1 kV m or within the set interval time Interval Delta Alarm Interval is the time frame that the electric field level needs to change in order to trigger the Delta Alarm For example with an interval of 60 seconds and a setpoint of 1kV m the field level needs to increase or decrease by 1kV m or more within 60 seconds to active the Delta Alarm Delay The Delta Alarm Delay is the length of time the field difference must remain higher than the setpoint before the alarm is activated If the electric field difference drops below the setpoint before the delay expires the delay timer will be reset For example with a delay of 30 seconds and setpoint of 1 kV m the
32. vetsssvaveveuevencveveteveraveveuevenevecs euste 19 EFM OPTIONS HIGH FIELD 21 EFM OPTIONS VERY HIGH FIELD ALARM eR mener 22 EFM OPTIONS LIGHTNING 24 EFM OPTIONS DELTA ALARM eR III Ime 25 EFM OPTIONS DATA LOGGING 00 0 0 ccc ccccccc cee ccceeccceeeeceueeseeceseueeeeueeneueeneeeneneenes 27 EFM OPTIONS DATA SHARING 28 OPERATION eee egeo soups o roo eoe pe ropa Pase Tope Pass covovsvesuscssececocsvocssbsevousossveeees 29 MAINTENANCE 35 TROUB ESHOOTINGQG eee e eene eee 37 100 DATA FORMNMT ioo essoe sonos eos aonosee no sevkveeunev sen cU esee esu adus ses un Nd eR TUNES 39 ELECTRIC FIELD SENTENCE eee tenera Deren se rar nR aD ana ri pasara deal 39 JUUoUnn 41 Table of Figures Figure 1 Electric Field Mill at Ground Level sss 3 Figure 2 Intensification of Electric Field 3 3 Field Mill Block eaa 4 Figure 4 EFM 100 Connection D agram esses eee 5 Figure 5 A poor choice of mounting locat ons esee 8 Figure 6 An excellent choice of mounting locations eee 8 Figure 7 EPM 1 Power Module
33. vice pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio or television reception However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause interference to radio and television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment on and off the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help WARNING The connection of a non shielded equipment interface cable to this equipment will invalidate the FCC Certification of this device and may cause interference levels which exceed the limits established by the FCC for this equipment It is the responsibility of the user to use a shielded interface cable with this device If this equipment has more than one interface connector do not leave cables connected to unused interfaces Changes or modifications not expressly approved
34. visible as a faint red dot in the center of the connector s white tip As the dot is very small pin prick in size it may be necessary to dim the room light to see it If the red dot is visible the field mill is transmitting properly Check your computer connections and configuration It is possible to view the field mill data using HyperTerminal or another terminal program First exit the EFM 100 display software then start HyperTerminal Data is transmitted from the field mill at 9600 baud 8 data bits no parity 1 stop bit RS232 connected field mills usually show up on COM1 ot COM2 while USB connected field mills usually show up on COM3 COMA or even higher com ports 37 APPENDIX TROUBLESHOOTING Problem Rotor Fault Solution The EFM 100 field mill continuously monitors the speed of the rotor and ensures it is spinning at the correct speed If the rotor is found to be spinning either too fast or too slow the supervisory circuitry will change the fault status in the data stream from a 0 no fault to a 1 rotor fault The EFM 100 display software will indicate a Rotor Fault The field mill rotor may have become obstructed If the rotor becomes coated with ice during a freezing rain ice storm you can wait for the ice to melt naturally it wouldn t be safe to try and clear the ice manually when the ground and roof are ice covered The field mill will not be damaged by a jammed rotor and will begin to work normally once the ice mel
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