Apple 1 ROMcard
Contents
1. G aan d 0000 p m me Q O z L J SW ol o Je Minuspol A I i Ps Mae JO indicated P Pit ja fi i JE by Stripe j on case ZTOZ y5 eM oey yyudidos i akida i UK ESI Open Wpp OFF DOWN NO CMOS afe UP CHOS MODE TypSelect 1 CKY Ga ae p GRO E Gm dip BUSI I5 pdt Ed El p e Znz fa 3 S 2 TF H Fifth step capacitors The assembly of the capacitors can be split in 2 tasks The first task is simple adding the NICAD 4 8V 4 8 AH a ae OH G m Bend middle pin slightly backward 0000 ZTOZ 4510M OWeY yuddo nl as UA Open pp OFF DOWN N0 CMDS ih WP CHOS MODE O00 Li qnitb JRE qnHoP Y BUSI SOCKET 4 SOCKET 3 SOCKET 2 SOCKET 1 i 5 r NiCAD A BV 4 8 AH g LECUE no 2 hy OCOL aa Foot Sat Clocemypp ON Swi Open Wpp OFF DOWN NO CMOS IF UP C405 MIDE ri T k Tia ad FF x pe i fe in ha j RJ Oeoeoocsd ooo00c00 JUGN TypSelect 4 TypSelect 3 dhie BUS SOCKET 4 SOCKET 3 SOCKET 2 SOCKET i lO Q Q Q O J O U emip ON oe pp OFF DOWN hO CMOS UP CHOS MODE DOOOO0 noooooo M BFOUES GH TypSelect 2 i Da i CH CBD by NOP gt AN ammoop Y ZTOZ YSlem oe yuddo socket configuration plugs The pictures above show how the socketselectionplugs must be wired It is highly recommended to use precision sockets They have round socketfeet that will fit perfectly into the precisionsockets tha2. at the other pins Remark to the choice of the sockets if you want to have high reliability the choice will be to use precesion sockets with goldplating If you want the card to match the standards of old cards you should at least check that all contacts are clean and without oxidation For the sockets used at the Typselect places it is recommended to use round precision sockets because this plugs may often be changed and cheap sockets may soon get untight bad contact SOCKET 4 SOCKET 3 SOCKET 2 SOCKET 1 APPLE 1 of o E pa 48V 4 8 ri pfs o E Jowa E mca F CARD Ze ny BCS47 CEP ola Eo Ypres Jef a Jo T EN z Qik Pg losemtipg ON H Swi 7TO Ysiem oue yybiiAdos Open Vpp OFF DOWN NO CHOS ais UP CHOS MODE a ld ram DEST Wa COGO om Bekepofenelove my EE A f TypSelect 4 TypSelect 3 Forth step switches Insert switches on their proposed places The picture shows different kinds of usable switches There is only one slide switch which should be placed that way that the slide can be pushed up or down from the borderside of the card because later when the NiCAD battery is soldered in place there will not be any chance to operate that switch from that other side Same is valid if the DIL switches have sidelevers like in the left side of the picture Such switches should be inserted that way that the levers show towards the side with printing and with no components Fix the position like done in
3. from IC s storagepipe The next picture at the right side shows the Ta finished plugs for finished plugs before they have been E an an E 6116 2708 and labelled Be aware that the label shall not ssas 2716 after they only indicate the kind of plug but also at RE have been dumped which side the pin 1 is located otherwise m iy into the black mistakes may occur when inserting the a 2K epoxyglue plugs in the sockets on the card before the plugs are labelled and before a marking for pin 1 has been added Tenth step controlling soldering side a T Eleventh step Compare with pictures of examples eee ee 12th step Testing voltages Recommended settings for the Apple 1 ROMcard
4. Apple 1 ROMcard User manual and Installation copyright by James Edward Harro Walsh edited Spring 2013 General Information The Apple 1 ROMcard was designed to not only expand the usage of the Apple 1 and it s different kinds of Replications like the MIMEO from Mike Willegal the NEWTON from Michael NG the former Obtronix as well as the original Apple 1 from Apple Computers as it was designed from Steve Wozniak but it was also created to simplify the life of the users of this systems In normal operation all of this systems must immediately after the startup a programm or Basic become loaded from tape if the user does not want to work in machinecode This is the result from the limited RAM memory on the mainboard and the also very limited available ROM that only contains the very compressed WOZ Monitor Using this ROMcard permits the user to make own EPROMS with content that must not be loaded from tape and stays resident available in the system like a BASIC in the Eprom or a editor or a disassembler for the 6502 and disassembling tools or even if wanted some games that might be started immediately after switching the systempower on If the user has a set of different ERPROMs he she might just even change instantly the use of the computer by exchanging the used EPROM In this case it s strong recommended to supply the card with so called Zero force sockets where the used EPROM is locked into the socket with a lever In such cases the
5. ERPROMS may just be changed by switching off the power and then just switching on the power again after the change of the EPROM has been performed Another use like it is the aim of the designer of the card is to expand the Apple 1 with the ability of advanced graphicspower The original Apple 1 only performs graphics with ASCII and therefor is limited If leaving machinecode routines and graphic symbols like sprites in an EPROM advanced graphics will become available At the other hand it was one of the goals of the design to keep the so called authenticity with the basic system itself and use only parts that have also been available within the following 4 to 5 years after the introduction of the Apple 1 to the market The designer is rather sure that if the Apple II would have not been introduced that fast into the market the amount of Apple 1 computers would have participated from the same success as the Apple Il Another goal of the card was to keep the design open as a multipurpose card and to enable the user to have freedom of choice how to use his card As library of different user programs in EPROMs or as development system for own creations on the Apple 1 In those years the 2708 sometimes also 2508 as well as the 2716 sometimes the 2516 have been the common Eprom chips Besides also the 6116 as static RAM chip became available This chip is rather interesting because it is rather similar with the 2716 EPROM and it can be ju
6. dering task Fix the components again with carton and rubberrings to avoid slipping out of components when turning card to the soldering side Before soldering one very important additional remark this components are very temperature sensitive So it s upmost important to keep temperature of solderingiron in correct range and to NOT exceed soldering time more than neccessary The solderpoint must be accurate and safe soldered but the diode may not be fried EPROM SOCKET 4 oo NICAD 4 8V 4 8 AH SOCKET 4 SOCKET 5 ee ree 9 Eem g 3 3 So 9 CMOS o aL NADL jo CARD asr CEE q pe j Si Kathode marked by ring ACEI SWPWRI El m he a DOWH NO CMOS D CMOS BODE ZTOZ SIA Ge yybyAdos TypSelect 1 BB Nett 25 Volt 1 Volt oO n i i 125V ol i Ste g pe ED Third step sockets When inserting the sockets please take a closer view to that components Its impossible to list here all different kinds of indicators that show at which side the pil should be located that differs from one manufacturer to the next one but in most cases the sockets have a special marking to show where pin1 is located notch arrow or similar so please use that marking and place the socket with correct orientation After tha socket is soldered in place there will be no other indication than the graphics in this manual On the PCB pin 1 is always indicated by a square soldering pad instead of the round soldering pad used
7. finished for 2708 EPROM before being dumped in black 2K epoxyglue The pictures show examples of such plugs Before dunking them in 2k glue the wires should be flattened down like shown in the right picture Artist painting with oil are common with the use of pigments to make own colors for painting In artists supplies shops different kinds of pigments are available to make black color Among that kind of pigments also graphit and coal is common but both may not be used for our pupose You must use another kind of pigment Graphit and coal conducts electricity and may therefore not be used in order to prevent from shortcuts 47010 Rebschwarz PBk 8 franz sisch H mh KREMER PIGMENTE 5317 auptsti 41 47 OF cat Tal 49 7565 91120 If you have found a pigment other than coal or graphit then you might mix them among the 2 components of the epoxyglue to give that glue a deep black color Then such glue may be dumped into the negative form and thereafter the plug may be dumped in there to till the glue gets hard enough to extract the hardened plug lt Pigmentpowder This task is shown in the right picture wired plug dumped in black After the glue hardened the plug may be 2K epoxyglue extracted from the form easily if you have SEG BOLE TB not forgotten to apply grease of oil to the i AT Japa f form before Pe Negativ form for Plugtops made
8. free for other usage Therefore this ROMcard is designed to permit this entire space to be used Each socket is permitted to be set individually in 4 KB steps with 4 adresses within that area and interleaved in that way that from socket 1 to socket 4 that each addressing range decreases by 4 kB So the addressing range from socket 1 is selectable from 60kB down to 48 kB and the socket 2 can be set from 56kB to 44 kB socket 3 can be set from 52 kB to 40 kB and socket 4 can be set from 48 kB to 36 kB If using 6116 static RAM chips that addressing range can be set to just add up directly after the normal RAM But instead of setting the adressing range like at the ACI with a wire bridge on the mainboard instead the ROMcard permits to select the addressing ranges with a own DIP switch for each socket on the ROMcard without touching the mainboard Installation Displaying the sections of the Card The light red to light violet areas are dependent to the The light blue area sockets and each section for the individual socket is is relevant to the ad indicated by its own color Be aware that each socket ressing on the card has 2 sections the socket section and the adress and must be populated switch section and both with same color So you may in any case only populate one socketwith 2 sections but with one color The sec The light tions are tE brown area indicated roy tb id k Jabs s mmm is related by the ca E3 B19 Ela Emam
9. i 7H to backup individual sd B ds E ds Blas Qs power of colors s9 P PJ E ROAA let 6116 RAM yo 5 7 spgggoo E TITITE je ale Fe This sectio must only be popula ted if 6116 chips are used The light yellow area is The dark green area is The light green area is requested to stabilize the only requested to control only important if the card voltages for the card the programming voltage will be used for itself and therefore it by switching it on or off programming chips This must be populated in any by software it must area generates the case only be populated if the voltage requested for card is used for programming programming chips Please recognize that there are sections that must be populated and some areas which must not be populated The precise infos are given in the table above Please recognize that in the picture above the colors are used in another way than in the graphic displayed later where the typ of components are indicated by color red for active components like ICs or transisitors brown for resistors blue for capacitors and green for switches Building up the Card First step Resistors There are 4 kinds of resistors with the following explained colorcodes 100 ohm brown black brown and silver or gold 1k brown black red and silver or gold 10 k brown black orange and silver or gold 15 k brown green orange and silver or gold bend the wires caref
10. nality of the card within the goal the card provides the ability to place up to 4 sockets on the card Each of the 4 sockets has its own lines and the user may start by first just working with one socket and later he might continue by inserting and soldering additional sockets for expanded usage Therefore on the card the parts related to each socket are indicated by their labels printed on the card Some further information is given later in this manual too Another advantage of this concept is that each socket may be used with its own chip independently from the chip used in the neighbour socket So every socket may be used individually Respective to the fact that modern EPROM programmers mostly don t permit to program 2708 or 2 16 chips neither 2508 or 2516 the design was also expanded to integrate also the ability to program those chips on the card Within this summer 2013 a program will be released that permits to program the chips in the card To make the use for non technical users easy will release this program as EPROM file and as program to type in at the prompt There will be instructions given how to transfer this program into an EPROM and there after it will be as simple as inserting that EPROM in one of the free sockets and just starting with the programming sequence Another aspect of the multifunctionality is the fast that the 6502 Processor is able to handle all adresses up to 65536 Bytes On the mainboard
11. only 2 rows are used with each normally 4 Kilobyte of RAM together 8 kilobyte and another 4 kilobyte of ROM is used by the ROM in the system that contains the WOZ Monitor So only 12 kB of the 64 kByte are used by the basic system with up to 52 kByte of available space for free use If the 4 kB which are requested from the Apple Cassette Interface are subtracted from that amount then still there are 48 kB free space are available At the other hand its rather normal to expect that such a system will be expanded first with additional memory and in those days the largest normal available chips have been the 4116 chips and each row of such chips would have expanded the memory with additional 16kB of RAM Assuming that in the following years the follow up system of the Apple II system was rather often expanded with 2 rows of the available chips in that later days that have been the 4164 and the common upgrade had been 128 kB of RAM lt therefore is not uncommon to guess that in Apple days it would have only needed few more months to introduce a card with additional 2 rows of 4116 chips and upgrading the computer with additional 32 kB of RAM In such a case the system would have had all together 40 kB of RAM leaving the space from 40 kB to 60 kB still free Subtracting again the 4 kB of the ACI Apple Cassette Interface too and the 4 kB used by the WOZ Monitor in the ROM on the mainboard there still would have been the area from 44 kB to 60 kB
12. st called a instant testing version for that EPROM chips Therefore the use of this 6116 static RAM chips is permitted too This gives the user the power to first test the software planned to become resident in a chip in the static RAM first and if the software runs well without mistakes then program the software in a EPROM and then use that software instantly from the EPROM Another advantage of the 6116 static Ram is that if it is buffered with a NiCAD battery its content becomes nearly really static for several days and the content is not lost after the computer is powered off The user might switch on the computer several days later and continue the work on the content in the RAM without the need to reload that contents from the tape Only if the work on the software is interrupted for more than a week it is recommended to save the content to tape to preserve the contents Of course the same goal could have been solved using modern RAMchips with less power consumption like NOVRAMs but that would have not matched with the preliminary goal of authenticity as explained above The user is forced to accept at least some kind of disabilities given by the standards of those days but at the other hand there is no reason to not unleash the full power the Apple 1 could have reached in that days if more time would have been given to the system before introducing its follow up the Apple Il To keep the multifunctio
13. t are to be used on the card The reason for using precision sockets is not only good contact but also better changeability if the plugs are changed in place because the IC s on the card are changed Of course you might leave the plugs thereafter just as thay have been wired But then you must know which kind of plug is to be used with which kind of IC Alternate it might be more easy to treat the sockets as shown in the following section and covering them with a 2k glue top that might be signed to indicate which type of plug it is y DT wae Negativform First of all in that case a negativform will be s made from a part needed where the plugs later after wiring AEE A ICs storagetube can be dumped in I ve used a part of a Phase ai ath storage tube for EPROM ICs Alternate ofa 14pin IC and such a form may be made with model Ank enenge closed plaster by just dunking 14 pin socket in the ESS neide tne form hardening material Remember that it later eachtime oil or will be important to cover each time the grease should be form inside with oil or grease to prevent the ee ee S the 2K epoxyglue plug and glue from sticking to the form l might ce hg form After filling in the glue the plug is dumped till glue gets hard enough to extract plug plug finished for 6116 before being dumped in black 2K epoxyglue rr r 5 gt fj zs ka P z T eg a 7 I pe 7 hii DE p y tL Lie ei An m eae EE ge g am r 474 e bor plug
14. the previous steps and turn card around and solder the switches carefully KET SOCKET 1 SOCKET 4 SOCKET 3 SOCKET 2 KI APPLE 4 a A i o EPROM CARD pi a e T LOE F be T Eurasie O ZTOZ SIGMA eH yybyAdos UP CHOS MODE t4 GTE ceramic capacitors with the value of 100nF is rather simple there is no need to care about the orientation The second task is more difficult the electrolytic capacitors the have different values and the have different kinds of outwires a minus pol and a plus pol again the indicator for that pols are different from company to company but in most cases the are indicated by a stripe at the outside of the case with a minus sign printed on it like the example picture blended in below When inserting the 5 electrolytic capacitors it is very important to keep care about the polarity indicated by and signs in the drawing below Be sure that the plus pol wire is inserted at the correct side otherwise capacitors will blow up explode when power is connected this will surely damage the electronics on the board After examining that capacitors are inserted correct again the components should be fixed in position like in earlier tasks then turn around the card and carry out the duty to solder the components carefully and cut off the remaining wires SOCKET 2 SOCKET 1 APPLE i cf Joes ol NICAD 4 8V 4 8 AH ee O f o aR toe acsi CEP ofa oncom C
15. ully by 90 degrees and insert the resistors in the related holes cover the top of the card with carton and fix it with rubberrings to prevent resistors from slipping out of their place and turn card to soldering side that s the side without white printing and solder the resistors with 300 degrees Celsius and solderinglead Carefully cut the wires above of the soldering spot SOCKET 2 SOCKET 1 ot a NICAD 4 8V 4 8 AH Lefer Ro 5s 2 l i CME HS psw oO gt Ga NICADL E SOCKET 4 SOCKET 5 F Suu oy I F a i ty ix G Me t J mat a aqoneanana a E CI p c eavipp ON l Swi ee 1 gt oe o C one De Va UP CHOS NODE I i E pH mie Taa D w z 7 ban o qy r i J T a uh amp i J oe ua Pal pa Pal roo rT TypSelect 2 TypSelect i TypSelect 3 Second step Diodes there are different kinds of diodes All diodes have two important point to recognize the printing on the case that indicate the type of diode and a ring around the case that indicates on which side the cathode is You must pay attention to both markings The typ must be isentified before inserting in the correct place but also very important the ring which indicates in which kind of orientation the diode must be inserted in that place Inserting diodes with wrong orientation of the ring will cause severe damage to the electronics so please check twice the correct orientation before proceeding to the sol
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search