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Portable Touch Screen PC-Based Basketball Scoreboard

1. TEST CASE ANALYSIS Screen Test Condition Expected Actual Result Case output Output Modify the Selected Batons Game Event Time Modified Game From the Game Time Correct Test Numerical Time Modify Screen Drop Down List Modify the Gime Selected Options Game Game Period Modified Game Event Period From the Game Period Correct Test Numerical Period Modify Screen Drop Down List Modify the Game Selected Options Game Game Fouls Modified Game E Fouls From the Game Fouls Correct Test Numerical Fouls Modify Screen Drop Down List Modify the anc Selected Options Game Game Modified Game 2 Timeouts Timeouts From Game Timeouts Correct Test the Numerical Timeouts Modify Screen Drop Down List Modify the Game Game Selected Modified Game Game Shot Options Shot Clock From the Game Shot Correct Event Clock Shot Clock Screen Test Clock Modify Drop Down List 54 Modify the Game Selected COM COM Options COM Port From the Selected Port Cored Event Port Test Numerical COM Port Select Screen Drop Down List Game Options SAVE Click SAVE Selected Options Corredt Event Test button Save Save Screen Table 4 5a Game Options Event Screen Test Case Test Expected Actual Screen Case Condition output Output Result PC Home Add Home H Score Click Home Score to Scoreboard Score Correct Plus 1 Score Plus 1 Output Screen Plus 1 Test Screen
2. Lead Sokler Temperature for 3 Seconds 260 C 1 80 mm 0 063 In below seating plane 1 See Figure 2 to establish pulsed conditions 6 Derate above 81 C at 0 52 2 Derate above 46 C at 0 54 mAPC T See Figure 9 to establish pulsed conditions 3 See Figure 7 to establish pulsed conditions Derate above 39 C at 0 37 4 Derate above 53 C at 0 45 9 For operation below 20 O contact your local Agilent 5 See Figure to establish pulsed conditions components sales offiee or an authorized distributor 93 Internal Circuit Diagram Description Series 9 Peak Forward Current 90121 Segment or DP scm coor 1 60 mm 0 083 In below seating plane Notes 1 See Figure 2 to establish pulsed conditions 6 Derate above 81 C at 0 52 2 Derute above 46 C at 0 54 mAPC 7 See Figure 9 to establish pulsed conditions 3 See Figure 7 to establish pulsed conditions Derate above 39 C at 0 37 4 above 53 C at 0 45 mAPC 9 For operation below 20 C contact your local Agilent See Figure to establish pulsed conditions components sales office or an authorized distributor 94 Luminous Intensity Segment Digit Average 1 Device case temperature is 25 C prior to the intensity measurement 2 The digits are categorized for luminous intensity The intensity category is designated by a letter o
3. Add Home H Score Click Home Score to Scoreboard Score Correct Plus 2 Score Plus 2 Output Screen Plus 2 Test Screen PC Home Add Home H Score Click Home Score to Scoreboard Score Correct Plus 3 Score Plus 3 Output Screen Plus 3 Test Screen Subtract Home Home PC Score Click Home Score Home Scoreboard 1 Score Correct Minus 1 Score Minus 1 from Screen Minus 1 Test Output Screen 55 Home Add Home PC Fouls Click Home Fouls to Home Scoreboard Fouls Correct Plus 1 Fouls Plus 1 Output Screen Plus 1 Test Screen Home Subtract PC Fouls Click Home Home Home Scoreboard Fouls from Fouls Correct Minus 1 Fouls Minus 1 Screen Output Minus 1 Test Screen PC lods Click Home Add Home Home Timeout Fouls to Scoreboard Plus 1 Timeout Timeout Correct Screen Plus 1 Plus 1 Test Screen Home Subtract PC Timeout Click Home Home Home Scoreboard f Timeout Fouls from Timeout Correct Minus 1 1 Output Minus 1 Test Screen Away Add Away PC Score Click Away Score to Away Scoreboard Score Correct Plus 1 Score Plus 1 Output Screen Plus 1 Test Screen Away Add Away PC Score Click Away Score to Away Scoreboard Score Correct Plus 2 Score Plus 2 Output Screen Plus 2 Test Screen Away Add Away PC Score Click Away Score to Away Scoreboard Score Correct Plus 3 Score Plus 3 Output Screen Plus 3 Test Screen n Subtract way
4. 571 5621 Two Digt Common Anode Right Hand Decimal E Note 1 These displays are recommended for high ambient light operation Please refer to the HDSP H LOX K12X AlGaAs and HDSP 555X HER data sheet for low current operation 89 applications Pin for pin additional information see the equivalent displays are also Low Current Seven Segment available in a low current design Displays data sheet The low current displays are ideal Part Numbering System 5082 X XX X XXXXX HDSP X X XX XXXXX 00 No Mechanical Option Color Bin Options 0 No Color Bin Limitation Maximum Intensity Bin 0 No Maximum Intensity Bin Limitation Minimum Intensity Bin 0 No Minimum Intensity Bin Limitation Device Configuration Color 1 Common Anode 3 Common Cathode Device Specific Configuration Refer to Respective Datasheet Package H 14 2 mm 0 56 inch Single Digit Seven Segment Display Notes 1 For codes not listed in the figure above please refer to the respective datasheet or contact your nearest Agilent for details 2 Bin options refer to shippable bins for a part number Color and Intensity Bins are typically restricted to 1 bin per tube exceptions may apply Please refer to respective datasheet for specific bin limit i 90 Package Dimensions FRONT VIEW A TOP END VIEN A B C D 1 f 50 Luminous COLOR BIN NOTE 5 c INTENSITY j CATEGORY DATE coot
5. endregion region KeyDownEvent endregion region Practice_BtnHome endregion 82 From Option cs using System using System Collections Generic using System ComponentModel using System Data using System Drawing using System Linq using System Text using System Windows Forms using System Threading namespace ScoreBoard public partial class frmOptions Form public frmOptions InitializeComponent private void frmOptions_Load object sender EventArgs e cbTimerMins Text 10 cbPeriodNumber Text 04 cbFoulsAllowed Text 6 cbTimeouts Text 6 cbShotClock Text 24 string portNames System IO Ports SerialPort GetPortNames foreach string port in portNames cbCOMPort Items Add port private void cbCOMPort_SelectedIndexChanged object sender EventArgs e serialPort1 PortName cbCOMPort Text 83 try serialPort1 Open catch Exception ex MessageBox Show ex Message finally serialPort1 Close private void button1_Click object sender EventArgs DialogResult Dr MessageBox Show Are You Sure Conformation MessageBoxButtons OKCancel MessageBoxIcon Question if Dr DialogResult OK i serialPort1 Open serialPort1 WriteLine M cbTimerMins Text Thread Sleep 100 serialPort1 WriteLine S 00 Thread Sleep 100 serialPort1 WriteLine C cbShotClock Text Thread Sleep 100 serialPort1 WriteLine P
6. fk ICA m GND qsa RESET 33 LP2985 3308UR T2 FDN340P GND Figure 3 7 Arduino Mega 2560 Receiver Circuit 34 The design prototype s parts can be partitioned into four modules the touch screen transmitter receiver and the output of the device The touch screen module consists of a clear touchscreen panel you will install in front of your LCD monitor screen a Zilog 28 042 microcontroller 110 220VAC and or 7VDC power supply adapter and a serial cable This would be connected to the PC COM port using a serial cable If the Laptop does not have a COM port a USB to RS 232 cable may be used to connect it to an available USB port The PL2303 driver must be installed along with the touch screen calibration program The transmitter generally make up of FT232RL and the XBee PRO 802 15 4 module The FT232RL converts signals coming from a serial port and change it to a TTL The XBee PRO 802 15 4 module is used to communicate and deliver the signal from the computer to the receiver The receiver consists of the XBee PRO 802 15 4 module the Arduino Zigbee Shield and the Arduno Mega 2560 The XBee PRO 802 15 4 module receives the signal from the transmitter and passes it to the microcontroller The Arduino Zigbee Shield is the passage way for the signal to travel from the Zigbee Module to the Arduino Mega 2560 The Arduino Mega 2560 is the microcontroller that performs decoding of data transmit
7. A lg Ie Sot 87 16 art lo MISO PBA 607 898 mo j RNID 1k L GND SCK PB MOS GND 09 09 0220 M OCIBPCNTE PES OCIAPONTS PES 2 4 OCONPCNTA B4 Gr MSOPONTSPeS H2 pg 10 02 2 50 Or 1 5 1 SSPCNTOPBD uz d 2 anpa PE RESET PCUDW POINTS PBS 2 TIPCINTAPBA b E 5 GC PDOMSOPCNTSPaS 8 5 XINPO POIMOSIPONTZPB2 4 mpor 5 SSPONTOPEO 44 hd 6 2 7 t QICP PDA ic INTMCPICLKQJPCT 3 e n ER SOMINTIPDI RNC 2R voc PCNTIOPCA GND PATIADCISPOINTZS ScuINTO PDO AN2PONTI PC2 22 PKSIADCISPCNT2 CLXOICPSINTIPET i CTSHWE ANBITOINT POT PKAADCI2PCNTZ UCAP RTSINNSINTEPOS PKSUADCTIPCNTIS OCSCINTSJEES 5 wec XCAINUPCNTIZIPOS 4 A D NTSANSPO4 RNC tk PKIUADCUIPCNTIT OCSWAN PES E d IXDUNTSPOS 2 4 NSA Ik UGND RXDVAINVINT2 PO2 K TXDOPE1 H AINOINTS PO1 TX RXDOPCINS PED RNGB Tk OCOBVINTO POO PJSPCNTIS PJSIPCINT14 ADCTITDNPFT PUAPONTIS H PUSPCNTI2 E m PJOXCKNPCINTEI x NSD 10K PH TXOSPCINT1O PIRXDSPCNT RNID 10K
8. C a multi paradigm programming language encompassing strong typing imperative declarative functional generic object oriented class based and component oriented programming disciplines Graphical User Interface GUI a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands GUIs can be used in computers hand held devices such as MP3 players portable media players or gaming devices household appliances and office equipment A GUI represents the information and actions available to a user through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation as opposed to text based interfaces typed command labels or text navigation The actions are usually performed through direct manipulation of the graphical elements Software a collection of programs written to bring the hardware of a computer system into operation IEEE the world s largest professional association dedicated to advancing technological innovation and excellence for the benefit of humanity IEEE and its members inspire a global community through IEEE s highly cited publications conferences technology standards and professional and educational activities 10 IEEE 802 15 4 a standard which specifies the physical layer and media access control for low rate wireless personal area networks LR WPANs It is maintained by the IEEE 802 15 working group 11 Touch Screen an electroni
9. RX and transmit TX TTL serial data Pins 0 and 1 are also connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega16U2 USB to TTL Serial chip 104 e External Interrupts 2 interrupt 0 3 interrupt 1 18 interrupt 5 19 interrupt 4 20 interrupt 3 and 21 interrupt 2 These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value a rising or falling edge or a change in value See the attachInterrupt function for details e PWM 0 to 13 Provide 8 bit PWM output with the analogWrite function e SPI 50 MISO 51 MOSI 52 SCK 53 SS These pins support SPI communication using the SPI library The SPI pins are also broken out on the ICSP header which is physically compatible with the Uno Duemilanove and Diecimila LED 13 There is a built in LED connected to digital 13 When the pin is HIGH value the LED is on when the pin is LOW it s off e TWI 20 SDA and 21 SCL Support TWI communication using the Wire library Note that these pins are not in the same location as the TWI pins on the Duemilanove or Diecimila The Mega2560 has 16 analog inputs each of which provide 10 bits of resolution i e 1024 different values By default they measure from ground to 5 volts though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and analogReference function There are a couple of other pins on the board e AREF Reference voltage for the analog inputs Used with analog Refe
10. YOO IblATimeout Text This statements for serial port transmission 78 region Game Controls private void btnPlay_Click object sender EventArgs e booltmrPause true tmrTime Enabled true private void btnStop_Click object sender EventArgs e booltmrPause false tmrTime Enabled false private void btnResetShotClock_Click object sender EventArgs e ResetSC private void btnChangeTime_Click object sender EventArgs e serialPort1 Close booltmrPause false tmrTime Enabled false frmChangeTime openChangeTime new frmChangeTime for int i 0 i lt Convert ToInt32 strMaxPeriod i openChangeTime cbPeriod Items Add Convert ToString i PadLeft 2 0 0 for int i 0 i lt Convert ToInt32 strQuarterTime i openChangeTime cbMinutes Items Add Convert ToString i PadLeft 2 openChangeTime cbPeriod Text IblPeriodNumber Text openChangeTime cbMiliSeconds Text IbIMiliSeconds Text openChangeTime cbSeconds Text IbITimerSeconds Text openChangeTime cbMinutes Text IbITimerMinutes Text 79 openChangeTime ShowDialog serialPort1 Open intQuarterTimerMin Convert ToInt32 openChangeTime cbMinutes Text intQuarterTimerSec Convert ToInt32 openChangeTime cbSeconds Text intQuarterMiliSecond Convert ToInt32 openChangeTime cbMiliSeconds Text 0 07 IbITimerM
11. dab M mw PRONT vite C D Sot vitm A S C D FRONT VIEW E F son 12573 146 PE FANODENC 2 pas PT ret 2 anooe marr 2 CATHODE se p imei uo 1 7 Pe rear NOTES 3 REDUNDANT ANODES 1 ALL DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES NCHES 4 REDUNDANT CATHOOES 2 ALL UNTOLERANCED DIMENSIONS ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY 8 FOR HDS9 5600i 5700 SERIES PRODUCT ONLY 91 Internal Circuit Diagram o 9 0 9 ow 16 15 14 on yon ow oU amp ow amp 033 Bm pA Absolute Maximum Ratings HDSP 5500 AlGaAs Red Yellow Green HDSP H150 HDSP 5700 HDSP 5600 Series Series HDSP K40x Series Series 9 Peak Forward Current per Segment or DP 1 60 mm 0 063 In below sealing plane Notes 1 See Figure 2 to establish pulsed conditions 6 Derate above 81 C at 0 52 2 above 46 C at 0 54 mAPC 7 See Figure 9 to establish pulsed conditions 3 See Figure 7 to establish pulsed conditions Derate above 39 C at 0 37 4 above 53 C at 0 45 mAPC 9 For operation below 20 C contact your local Agilent 5 See Figure to establish pulsed conditions components sales office or an authorized distributor 92 Internal Circuit Diagram EC Peak Forward Current Segment DP a a ar De eere
12. since basketball is one of the most popular if not the most popular sport in the Philippines The design s goal is to promote a new type of scoreboard to basketball leagues everywhere which is a way to interactively operate it using a laptop computer Also with this study design the coordinators of the tournaments will not have a problem with it being mobile and worry about its location since it can be positioned at most 100 meters away from the scoreboard The design s components can straightforwardly manufactured although the important components cannot be bought as parts and are only available through online shops They can be bought by bulk to lessen the price when manufacturing Also in an economic point of view it will cost less than the regular wireless non pc based scoreboard controller This contributes in a social aspect through basketball itself Seeing as before a scoreboard is not capable of being too distant to the operator thus restricting it to be sited at low elevation and thus less people are able to notice it Using a laptop computer to control a scoreboard significantly reduces human errors in a match Design Constraints There are however limitations to be considered with this design First is that the vital components to manufacture the hardware are not readily available here in the Philippines The parts are still to be purchased and transported for it to be assembled The second consideration is the co
13. Arduino Mega comes preburned with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer It communicates using the original STK500 protocol reference C header files You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP In Circuit Serial Programming header see these instructions for details The 1602 802 in the revi and rev2 boards firmware source code is available in the Arduino repository The ATmega16U2 8U2 is loaded with a DFU bootloader which can be activated by e On Revi boards connecting the solder jumper the back of the board near the map of Italy and then resetting the 8U2 e On Rev2 or later boards there is a resistor that pulling the 8U2 16U2 HWB line to ground making it easier to put into DFU mode You can then use Atmel s FLIP software Windows or the DFU programmer Mac OS X and Linux to load a new firmware Or you can use the ISP header with an external programmer overwriting the DFU bootloader See this user contributed tutorial for more information Automatic Software Reset Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload the Arduino Mega2560 is designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected computer One of the hardware flow control lines DTR of the ATmega8U2 is connected to the reset line of the ATmega2560 via a 100 nanofarad capacitor W
14. Japan 802 15 4 Star 101 Arduino Mega 2560 MADE IN ITALY ARDUINO malo on 2 2 2 39 4 4 45 4 49 5 5 Overview The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560 datasheet It has 54 digital input output pins of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs 16 analog inputs 4 UARTs hardware serial ports a 16 MHz crystal oscillator a USB connection a power jack an ICSP header and a reset button It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC to DC adapter or battery to get started The Mega is compatible with most shields designed for the Arduino Duemilanove or Diecimila The Mega 2560 is an update to the Arduino Mega which it replaces Schematic Reference Design amp Pin Mapping EAGLE files arduino cc en uploads Main arduino mega2560 reference design zip Schematic http arduino cc en uploads Main arduino mega2560 schematic pdf Pin Mapping http arduino cc en Hacking PinMapping2560 102 Summary Microcontroller ATmega2560 Operating Voltage 5V Input Voltage recommended 7 12V Input Voltage limits 6 20V Digital I O Pins 54 of which 14 provide PWM output Analog Input Pins 16 DC Current per I O Pin 40 mA DC Current for 3 3V Pin 50 mA Flash Memory 256 KB of which 8 KB used by bootloader SRAM 8 KB EEPROM 4 Clock Speed 16 MHz Power The Arduino Mega c
15. System for Natural Gas Gate Station was postulated in 17 2009 by Meng Xiangyin Xiao Shide Xiong Ying and Huang Huiping of Chengdu China From The Engineering Of Optical And Electronic College of ChongQing University Y W Zhu X X Zhong and J F Shi in 2006 developed the project entitled The Design of Wireless Sensor Network System Based on ZigBee Technology for Greenhouse The Wireless Sensor Network which is new in the research field can be used at times for signal collection processing and transmitting Zigbee is one of the new Wireless sensor network technologies that have a characteristic of less distance and low speed with a wireless network protocol stack of IEEE 802 15 4 Traditional system to collect parameters for Greenhouse has been widely used in agriculture recently This traditional system adopts wired way wiring which makes it complex and expensive Normally modern Greenhouse has hundreds of square meters and they may plant variety of plants depending on different seasons With this there is a need to adjust the sensors which collect parameters for Greenhouse to a better place to work efficiently To take up a wireless way wiring for such system is convenient and economical It is in this regard that this paper was developed to design a wireless sensor network system based on ZigBee technology for greenhouse This technology offers flexibility and mobility to save cost and energy spent on wiring Also included in the discu
16. by the ID parameter see Configuration below for more details on the 109 parameters The modules need to be on the same channel as set by the CH parameter Finally a module s destination address DH and DL parameters determine which modules on its network and channel will receive the data it transmits This can happen in a few ways e If a module s DH is 0 and its DL is less than OxFFFF i e 16 bits data transmitted by that module will be received by any module whose 16 bit address MY parameter equals DL If DH is 0 DL equals OxFFFF the module s transmissions will be received by all modules If DH is non zero or DL is greater than OxFFFF the transmission will only be received by the module whose serial number equals the transmitting module s destination address i e whose SH equals the transmitting module s DH and whose SL equals its DL Again this address matching will only happen between modules on the same network and channel If two modules are on different networks or channels they can t communicate regardless of their addresses Configuration Here are some of the more useful parameters for configuring your Xbee module For step by step instructions on reading and writing them see the guide to the Xbee shield Make sure to prepend AT to the parameter name when sending a command to the module e g to read the ID parameter you should send the command ATID Command Description Valid Values Default
17. cbPeriodNumber Text Thread Sleep 100 serialPort1 Close Thread Sleep 100 this Close From ChangeTime cs using System using System Collections Generic using System ComponentModel using System Data 84 using System Drawing using System Linq using System Text using System Windows Forms namespace ScoreBoard public partial class frmChangeTime Form i public frmChangeTime InitializeComponent private void frmChangeTime_Load object sender EventArgs e cbMinutes Focus private void btnChangeTime_Click object sender EventArgs e DialogResult Dr MessageBox Show Are you alright with this time setting Conformation MessageBoxButtons OKCancel MessageBoxIcon Question if Dr DialogResult OK cbMinutes Text cbMinutes Text TrimEnd cbSeconds Text cbSeconds Text TrimEnd this Close END 85 Appendix D Datasheet M MOTOROLA BCD TO 7 SEGMENT DECODER The SN54 74L548 is a BCD to 7 Segment Decoder consisting of NAND gates input buffers and seven AND OR INVERT gates Seven NAND gates and one driver are connected in pairs to make BCD data and its complement available to the seven decoding AND OR INVERT gates The remaining The circuit accepts 4 bit binary coded decimal BCD and depending on the state of the auxiliary inputs decodes this data to drive other components The relative positive logic output levels as well as condit
18. for ease of use The laptop sends the data through a transceiver and received by the scoreboard receiver There are negligible delays that won t be noticed by a human the range of the signal reaches up to 100 meters and is not delayed by obstacles The prototype can be used on street or barangay league basketball games The software is programmed for basketball but with slight modification it can be used on other sports as well Keywords Zigbee Touch screen Scoreboard Chapter 1 DESIGN BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION In this chapter the common statements about the design are offered These include informative background of the study what the main problem is its objectives significance impact scope and delimitation Also terms associated with the project are defined Background All basketball games cannot be played without a basketball scoreboard Most scoreboards for amateur basketball leagues like in parks or communities must have a scoreboard that can show all the considered necessary display The main purpose of the scoreboard is for viewers and players to keep track of the game Like in other amateur leagues most of the time experiences setting up the scoreboard with hand held controller takes too long During the emergence of basketball it had been a popular sport amongst the people At those times people used scorecards or makeshift scoreboard to relay information Through the development of technology there are now mic
19. give a feeling of actual pressing of the keys in the screen without interrupting the touch screen function This device doesn t use force sensor or actuator 20 instead uses a specific shape of the conventional switch and haptic device to give a feeling of clicking the touch screen display The Optical Touch Screen with Virtual Force in 2009 by Hong Zhang of the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Rowan University uses stereovision or pseudo stereovision to produce a touch screen experience Cameras are installed at the corner of the monitor and an algorithm will compute for the location of the pointer when it is near the screen The paper proposes that virtual force would be produced in the active space of the touch screen by the positions velocities and accelerations of the pointer There will be an improvement in the user interface by using the methods discussed and presented in the paper Mapuans also designed their own touch screen based devices The Nurse Touch Screen Device Touch Screen Interfaced Inpatient Treatment Record System by Marife S Cruz Erick Brylle T Reyes and Michael Jeremy R Vicedo in the year 2010 is one of these devices Conventional hospital inpatient records are usually done using pen and paper it works but as more patients come and go it become difficult to manage but with this device an alternative can be found By digitizing the records and each device can remotely access the database it
20. module from MaxStream The module can communicate up to 100 feet indoors or 300 feet outdoors with line of sight It be used as a serial usb replacement or you can put it into a command mode and configure it for a variety of broadcast and mesh networking options The shields breaks out each of the Xbee s pins to a through hole solder pad It also provides female pin headers for use of digital pins 2 to 7 and the analog inputs which are covered by the shield digital pins 8 to 13 are not obstructed by the shield so you can use the headers on the board itself The Xbee shield was created in collaboration with Libelium who developed it for use in their SquidBee motes used for creating sensor networks Schematic XbeeShieldSchematic pdf Eagle schematics and board layouts available from the Libelium SquidBee wiki download page 108 Jumper Settings The Xbee shield has two jumpers the small removable plastic sleeves that each fit onto two of the three pins labelled Xbee USB These determine how the Xbee s serial communication connects to the serial communication between the microcontroller ATmega8 or 168 FTDI USB to serial chip on the Arduino board With the jumpers in the Xbee position i e on the two pins towards the interior of the board the DOUT pin of the Xbee module is connected to the RX pin of the microcontroller and DIN is connected to TX Note that the RX and TX pins of the microcontroller are
21. second one is a not connected pin that is reserved for future purposes Stronger RESET circuit Atmega 16U2 replace the 8U2 The power pins are as follows VIN The input voltage to the Arduino board when it s using an external power source as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source You can supply voltage through this pin or if supplying voltage via the power jack access it through this pin 5V The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other components on the board This can come either from VIN via an on board regulator or be supplied by USB or another regulated 5V supply 3V3 A 3 3 volt supply generated by the on board regulator Maximum current draw is 50 mA GND Ground pins Memory The ATmega2560 has 256 KB of flash memory for storing code of which 8 KB is used for the bootloader 8 KB of SRAM and 4 KB of EEPROM which can be read and written with the EEPROM library Input and Output Each of the 54 digital pins on the Mega can be used as an input or output using pinMode digitalWrite and digitalRead functions They operate at 5 volts Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull up resistor disconnected by default of 20 50 kOhms In addition some pins have specialized functions Serial 0 RX and 1 TX Serial 1 19 RX and 18 TX Serial 2 17 RX and 16 TX Serial 3 15 RX and 14 TX Used to receive
22. serialPort1 WriteLine M IblTimerMinutes Text intQuarterTimerMin Convert ToInt32 strQuarterTime booltmrPause false tmrTime Enabled false ResetSC MessageBox Show Over else if intCurrentPeriod gt intMaxPeriod amp amp HomeScore AwayScore booltmrPause false tmrTime Enabled false MessageBox Show The Game is Finished END endregion region Home Controls private void btnHomeAdd1_Click object sender EventArgs e IblIHomeScore Text Convert ToString Convert ToInt32 lblHomeScore Text 1 this line add 1 point to the score of the Home Team serialPort1 WriteLine H IblHomeScore Text PadLeft 3 0 This statements for serial port transmission private void btnHomeAdd2_Click object sender EventArgs e 74 IblIHomeScore Text Convert ToString Convert ToInt32 lblHomeScore Text 2 this line add 2 point to the score of the Home Team serialPort1 WriteLine H IblHomeScore Text PadLeft 3 0 This statements for serial port transmission ResetSC private void btnHomeAdd3 Click object sender EventArgs IblIHomeScore Text Convert ToString Convert ToInt32 lblHomeScore Text 3 this line add 3 point to the score of the Home Team serialPort1 WriteLine H IblHomeScore Text PadLeft 3 0 This statements for serial port transmission ResetSC private void btnHomeSub1_Click object sender EventArg
23. settings o Touch Home 1 2 3 to add to Home score o Touch Away 1 2 3 to add to Away score o Touch Home Foul 1 1 to change Foul o Touch Away Foul 1 1 to change Foul o Touch Home Timeout 1 1 to change Timeout o Touch Home Timeout 1 1 to change Timeout o Touch Reset Clock to reset shotclock 4 Troubleshooting a Scoreboard digits are all zeros o Choose the right COM Port when starting the application 5 Error Definition a Check COM Port Settings Error in com port setting 66 Appendix B Pictures of Prototype Figure 6 1 Full Prototype The figure above shows the full prototype connected to a laptop computer 67 gt POWER IN gt JO o ON ASCII 0 pE 7 Come pin 88 862518 1 rev 1RB Q BIN e Gizmo Touch Screen Controller Figure 6 2 Touchscreen Controller The figure above shows the control board of the touchscreen It s from e Gizmo 68 Figure 6 3 Touchscreen Set The entire Touchscreen set kit from e Gizmo 69 Appendix C PROGRAM LISTING C Program From Scoreboard cs using System using System Collections Generic using System ComponentModel using System Data using System Drawing using System Lingq using System Text using System Windows Forms using System Threading namespace ScoreBoard public partial class frmScoreboard Form region Global_Data_Declaration bool booltmrPause false Int32 intQuarterT
24. still connected to the TX and RX pins respectively of the FTDI chip data sent from the microcontroller will be transmitted to the computer via USB as well as being sent wirelessly by the Xbee module The microcontroller however will only be able to receive data from the Xbee module not over USB from the computer With the jumpers the USB position i e the two pins nearest the edge of the board the DOUT pin the Xbee module is connected to the RX pin of the FTDI chip and DIN on the Xbee module is connected to the TX pin of the FTDI chip This means that the Xbee module can communicate directly with the computer however this only works if the microcontroller has been removed from the Arduino board If the microcontroller is left in the Arduino board it will be able to talk to the computer normally via USB but neither the computer nor the microcontroller will be able to talk to the Xbee module Networking The Arduino XBee shield can be used with different XBee modules The instructions below are for the XBee 802 15 4 modules sometimes called Series 1 to distinguish them from the Series 2 modules although Series 1 doesn t appear in the official name or product description Addressing There are multiple parameters that need to be configured correctly for two modules to talk to each other although with the default settings all modules should be able to talk to each other They need to be on the same network as set
25. understand user interface design 3 easier edit of human errors 4 it provides the needed data to be transmitted to the Zigbee and 5 it is designed with buttons that has specific task to perform and generate appropriate bytes to be sent The system is comprised of both hardware and software The software is the main tool for controlling the entire system where the user provides the necessary input to change the content of the display It also sends data to the USB port that the zigbee will pass on to its paired up zigbee The software is developed with the use of Visual C NET The hardware is composed of a simple module for wireless communication When using the module together with a zigbee it can be configured to function as a wireless point to point communication with the other zigbee After the zigbee transmit the data its pair will pass the data received to the microcontroller that will decode the data The module can also be integrated to a touch screen monitor for easy application Statement of the Problem Generally a scoreboard is connected by means of wires and uses its controller to activate an event to trigger an update to the specific information without delay Setting up this kind of scoreboard limits the flexibility of strategic location for better visualization and its portability whenever used for another venue The time in the clock of the scoreboard should be synchronized with the time in the clock of the controller a
26. 5 NUMERICAL DESIGNATIONS RESULTANT DISPLAYS DECIMAL FUNCTION oo EEE 1 11 11 eee 0 2 03 03 03 3 Ls 11 11 117 1 EN 2 11 11 a 7 11 11 Ls EN ee Ls Ls EE 5 03 303 03 0 5 Be ES EO eee o I IF rrrp eee LU NOIEE 1 BIR amp O ts wired AND serving as biank ng Ipput B and or rippie bianking output REO The bianking out BI must be open or heid at 3 HIGH level when cutpuf functions 0 through 15 are desired and rippie bianking input REI must be open or at a HIGH level if banking of a decimal D Is not desired Xeinput may be HIGH Orlow 2 When a LOW level 5 applied to the bisnking input forced condiSion segment outputs goto sLOW level regardiess ofthe state of amy other 3 When reple pianking input RBI and inputs A 8 C and D are at LOW levei wit the lamp test at HIGH levei segmen Outputs go to 3 HIGH level and the rippie bianking output RBO goes to a LOW levei response condition 4 When the blanking inputrppie Dianking output 5 open or held at HIGH level and a LOW level 5 a
27. 7 segment driver The output of the device comprises of the 7 Segment Drivers and 7 Segment displays which is powered by an at least 6V power source 45 CHAPTER 4 TESTING PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter shows the various tests conducted to meet the specific objectives of the design To determine the efficiency and reliability of the design prototype several testing procedures must be done Three major tests were conducted during the Testing Phase these are the Data Accuracy Test Range Test and the User Interface Program Execution Test These tests measure the responsiveness of the prototype in accordance to the several scenarios set The test also determines the design efficiency in synchronization by a given distance with various interferences such as people and concretes and the effectiveness of the design for users based on the user interface A Data Precision Test Purpose To determine if the design software is accurately executing the program and precisely sending the data by verifying if the received data in the scoreboard is the same with the data in the software and also to determine the accuracy of touch screen input device whenever a button is pressed 46 Assumptions The scoreboard should show the score and other information as controlled by the computer software Whenever the user changes or edits any part in the software application using the touch screen device the corresponding chang
28. Ambient Temperature Forward Voltage 2 Es i 12 is 4 5 FEET x E 14 20 25 3 35 dp FORWARD CURRENT PER SEGMENT mA Figure 5 Relative Luminous Intensity Figure 6 Relative Efficieney Luminous Intensity per vs DC Forward Current Unit Current vs Peak Current HER Yellow Green Orange H 3 1 i j i i 58 35 F Hi E i HE i tp PULSE DURATION Figure 7 Maximum Tolerable Peak Current Figure 8 Maximum Tolerable Peak Current vs Pulse Duration HER Orange vs Pulse Duration Yellow 96 OF DWU OPERATING PEAK CURRENT TO TEMPERATURE DERATED DC CURRENT PEAK tp PULSE DURATION Figure 9 Maximum Tolerable Peak Current vs Pulse Duration Green LIZL LE LI LA AL th e 0 2 21 dg DC FORWARD CURRENT Figure 11 Forward Current vs Figure 12 Relative Luminous Forward Voltage Intensity vs DC Forward Current Electrical Optical For more information on methylene chloride trichloro electrical optical characteristics ethylene carbon tetrachloride etc are not recommended for cleaning LED parts All of these please see Application Note 1005 Contrast Enhancement various solvents attack or dissolve For Application Note 1015 parts Soldering Cleaning dedo please ants to Application Cl
29. Away PC Score Click Away Score Away Scoreboard Score Correct Minus 1 Score Minus 1 from Screen Minus 1 Test Output Screen PC Away Add Home Fouls Click Away Fouls to Pine Scoreboard Fouls Correct Plus 1 Fouls Plus 1 Output Screen Plus 1 Test Screen 56 Subtract Away PC Fouls Click Away Away Away Scoreboard Fouls from Fouls Correct Minus 1 Fouls Minus 1 f Screen Output Minus 1 Test Screen A Away Click Away Add Away Away Timeout E Fouls to 3 Scoreboard Timeout Timeout Correct Screen BINS d Plus 1 Output Plus 1 Test Screen Away Subtract PC Timeout Click Away Away Away Scoreboard Timeout Fouls from Timeout Correct Minus 1 Minus 1 Output Minus 1 Test Screen PC Shai Time Scoreboard Play Test Click Play Corie Output Plays Screen Screen Time PC Stops in Time Scoreboard Stop Test Click Stop Correct Output Stops Screen Screen Reset Time PC Click Reset Resets in Time Scoreboard Clock Correct Screen Test Cloc Output Reset Sceen Table 4 5b PC Scoreboard Screen Test Case 57 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS Although the program was debugged during the programming phase a test case was made to provide documentation and an additional test as well The application was tested in all possible output in every possible input to prevent unexpected error and loss of data Base on the judgment we can say that the program
30. PROF SE Fo oe Os om ame mm om Wort 002 154 fee fom mut ww om iH Ml So o n sm ante Mi OCKE R 99 Product Datasheet Features Benefits 802 15 4 Multipoint network topologies 2 4 GHz for worldwide deployment 900 MHz for long range deployment Fully interoperable with other Digi Drop in Networking products including gatew device adapters pesas Common XBee footprint for a variety of RF modules Low power sleep modes Multiple antenna options Industrial temperature rating 40 C to 85 C Low power and long range variants available XBee Multipoint RF Modules Embedded RF r Providing critical end point connectivity to Digi s Drop in Networking product family XBee multipoint RF modules are low cost and easy to deploy Overview XBee Product Family The XBee family of embedded RF modules provides OEMs with a common footprint shared by multiple platforms including multipoint and ZigBee Mesh topologies and both 2 4 GHz and 900 MHz solutions OEMs deploying the XBee can substitute one XBee for another depending upon dynamic application needs with minimal development reduced risk and shorter time to market Why XBee Multipoint RF Modules XBee multipoint RF modules are ideal for applications requiring low latency and predictable commu
31. Portable Touch Screen PC Based Basketball Scoreboard Synchronizer via Zigbee By Mervyn Siegfred R Barroquillo Edward John Simoun Binalla Romnick C Chua A Design Report Submitted to the School of Electrical Engineering Electronics Engineering and Computer Engineering in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering Mapua Institute of Technology April 2012 Approval Sheet Mapua Institute of Technology School of EECE This is to certify that we have supervised the preparation of and read the design report prepared by Mervyn Siegfred R Barroquillo Edward B Binalla and Romnick C Chua entitled Portable Touch Screen PC Based Basketball Scoreboard Synchronizer via Zigbee and that the said report has been submitted for final examination by the Oral Examination Committee Design Adviser As members of the Oral Examination Committee we certify that we have examined this design report presented before the committee on February 8 2012 and hereby recommended that it be accepted in fulfilment of the design requirements for the degree in Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering Engr Jumelyn Torres Engr Isagani Villamor Panel Member Panel Member Engr Analyn Yumang This design report is hereby approved and accepted by the School of Electrical Engineering Electronics Engineering and Computer Engineering partial fulfilment of the requirements for t
32. Second IbIMiliSeconds Text Convert ToString intQuarterMiliSecond else if intQuarterTimerSec 0 intQuarterMiliSecond 9 IbIMiliseconds Text Convert ToString intQuarterMiliSecond IbITimerSeconds Text Convert ToString intQuarterTimerSec 1 PadLeft 2 0 intQuarterTimerSec Convert ToInt32 IbITimerSeconds Text serialPort1 WriteLine S 5 else if intQuarterTimerSec 0 amp amp intQuarterTimerMin 0 intQuarterMiliSecond 9 IbIMiliSseconds Text Convert ToString intQuarterMiliSecond IbITimerMinutes Text Convert ToString intQuarterTimerMin 1 PadLeft 2 0 intQuarterTimerMin IbITimerSeconds Text 59 intQuarterTimerSec 59 serialPort1 WriteLine M IbITimerMinutes Text Thread Sleep 10 serialPort1 WriteLine S lbITimerSeconds Text else if intQuarterTimerMin 0 if intQuarterMiliSecond gt 0 intQuarterMiliSecond 72 IbIMiliseconds Text Convert ToString intQuarterMiliSecond PadRight 2 0 serialPort1 WriteLine S IbIMiliseconds Text PadLeft 2 0 else if intQuarterTimerSec gt 0 intQuarterMiliSecond 9 IbIMiliseconds Text Convert ToString intQuarterMiliSecond serialPort1 WriteLine M lblITimerSeconds Text IbITimerSeconds Text Convert ToString intQuarterTimerSec 1 PadLeft 2 0 intQuarterTimerSec Convert ToInt32 IbITimerSeconds Text serialP
33. This is the part of the Scoreboard Application that allows the user to choose different combinations of setting for the in game regulations like the minutes in a quarter the number period limits of number of fouls and timeouts and shot clock The most important part to be selected is the COM port selection wherein the user needs to correctly choose the right port to allow data transmission 42 Figure 3 13 Scoreboard Application Change Time Page Figure 3 11 shows the Change Time Page of the design This part of the software permits the adjustment of the game timer minutes seconds and milliseconds period of the game and shot clock When the page loads it gets the information on the current time period and shot clock PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT In the design doing the hardware part was undemanding of time than that of its software counterpart The main reason for this is that the hardware 43 part only focused on receiving the data transmitted for synchronization of the display of the external hardware from the program The hardware was interfaced to the computer by the use of a USB port for both the Touch Screen interface and the Zigbee component With the schematic diagrams from the previous sections of this chapter since two modules were bought for the scoreboard controller one of which is the Parallax Xbee USB Adapter Board module and the e Gizmo 15 Touch Screen Set As for the external scoreboard prepared for demonstra
34. Value ID The network ID of the Xbee module 0 OxFFFF 3332 CH The channel of the Xbee module OxOB Ox1A SH serial number of the Xbee module 0 different for 110 SL MY DH DL BD SH gives the high 32 bits SL the low OxFFFFFFFF each module 32 bits Read only for both SH and SL The 16 bit address of the module 0 OxFFFF 0 and The destination address for wireless 0 0 for both DH communication DH is the high 32 bits OXFFFFFFFF DL DL the low 32 for both DH and DL The baud rate used for serialO 1200 bps 3 9600 baud communication with the Arduino board 1 2400 bps or computer 2 4800 bps 3 9600 bps 4 19200 bps 5 38400 bps 6 57600 bps 7 115200 bps Note although the valid and default values in the table above are written with a prefix of Ox to indicate that they are hexadecimal numbers the module will not include the when reporting the value of a parameter and you should omit it when setting values Here are a couple more useful commands for configuring the Xbee module you ll need to prepend AT to these too Command Description RE Restore factory default settings note that like parameter changes this is not permanent unless followed by the WR command 111 WR CN Write newly configured parameter values to non volatile long term storage Otherwise they will only last until the module loses power Exit command mode
35. alPort1 WriteLine A IblAwayScore Text PadLeft 3 0 This statements for serial port transmission private void btnAwayFoulAdd_Click object sender EventArgs e if IblATFouls Text strMaxFouls 77 IbIATFouls Text Convert ToString Convert ToInt32 IbIATFouls Text 1 this line add 1 foul of the Home Team serialPort1 WriteLine W IbIATFouls Text This statements for serial port transmission tmrTime Enabled false private void btnAwayFoulSub Click object sender EventArgs if IbIATFouls Text 0 IblATFouls Text Convert ToString Convert ToInt32 IbIATFouls Text 1 this line add 1 foul of the Home Team serialPort1 WriteLine W IbIATFouls Text This statements for serial port transmission private void btnAwayTimeoutAdd Click object sender EventArgs if IbIATimeout Text strMaxTimeout IbIATimeout Text Convert ToString Convert ToInt32 IblATimeout Text 1 this line add 1 timeout to the Home Team serialPort1 WriteLine YOO IblATimeout Text This statements for serial port transmission private void btnAwayTimeoutSub Click object sender EventArgs if IbIATimeout Text 0 tmrTime Enabled false Stops The Timer booltmrPause false Set the Timer of the Flag to False IbIATimeout Text Convert ToString Convert ToInt32 IblATimeout Text 1 this line add 1 timeout to the Home Team serialPort1 WriteLine
36. an be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply The power source is selected automatically External non USB power can come either from an AC to DC adapter wall wart or battery The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2 1mm center positive plug into the board s power jack Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts If supplied with less than 7V however the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable If using more than 12V the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts The Mega2560 differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB to serial driver chip Instead it features the ATmega16U2 ATmega8U2 the revision 1 and revision 2 boards programmed as a USB to serial converter Revision 2 of the Mega2560 board has a resistor pulling the 8U2 HWB line to 103 ground making it easier to put into DFU mode Revision 3 of the board has the following new features 1 0 pinout added SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin and two other new pins placed near to the RESET pin the IOREF that allow the shields to adapt to the voltage provided from the board In future Shields will be compatible both with the board that use the AVR which operate with 5V and with the Arduino Due that operate with 3 3V The
37. aspect of the program is that it can change the game time minutes seconds and milliseconds the period and shot clock INTERFACING THE DESIGN TO THE PC The design prototype s hardware and software parts are joined together with the use of the computers USB Universal Serial Bus port When connection is established between the two then the system is ready for testing 40 SCOREBOARD HOME 10 00 0 AWAY FOULS TIMEOUT SHOT CLOCK FOULS TIMEOUT 016 Joon Figure 3 11 Scoreboard Application Main Page Figure 3 9 showcase the Main page of the Scoreboard Application for the design This window displays is where the user will focus almost all the time The page contains the different status of the game in the view of a scoreboard such event are playing or stopping the game reset the shot clock accordingly The user is able to increase or decrease the scores fouls and timeouts of the teams It is also the way to start or stop the game The user can also access the Change Time Page and Options Page 41 coo Game Options How Many Minutes the Game Timer 40 How Many Periods in a Game 04 How Many Fouls Allowed in a Quarter 6 How Many Timeouts in a Game 6 What is the Shot Clock in a Game prm COM Port Options What COM port should be used SAVE Figure 3 12 Scoreboard Application Options Page Figure 3 10 shows the Option Page of the design
38. c visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area The term generally refers to touching the display of the device with a finger or hand 12 Flexibility the device can adapt to where it is place the court and will still function and perform its job 13 Mobility can be easily moved from its current location to other place in the basketball court 14 Portability can be easily carried to other venue and easily set up CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED DESIGN LITERATURES AND STUDIES Introduction to Zigbee ZigBee is a low cost low power wireless mesh network standard Due to its low cost it can be extensively distributed in wireless control and monitoring applications Thanks to its low power consumption it can use smaller batteries and still last for months or even years Mesh networking results a high reliability and greater range It is cheaper and simpler than other WPAN wireless personal area network like Bluetooth Zigbee chips Vendors usually sell integrated radios and microcontrollers with between 60 KB and 256 KB flash memory The ZigBee Alliance is a group of companies working together to enable reliable cost effective low power wirelessly networked monitoring and control products based on an open global standard Their goal is to provide the consumer with ultimate flexibility mobility and ease of use by building wireless intelligence and capabilities into every day device
39. ck Diagram of Scoreboard Controller and Scoreboard 31 Schematic Diagram 1517 4 ircui Touch Screen Ci Figure 3 4 32 JSB_M LB JP2 ua TXO 2 2 m 8 USBDP P O a 5 2 2 gt voc CTS VSOT TS vec E a 22 4 a a e a asco DESET ES TEST TALED 2X Qu z Vis AGNE RXLED SPI tO si zm GND PAREN GND1 TXDEM G a A CND21 SLEEP 5 x E 5 FT232RLSSOP c Figure 3 5 Zigbee Shield Transmitter Circuit 3V3 100n T Hi GND VCC RESET ONSLEEP PWMO RSSI DIN CONFIG DOUT GND CDIDOUT_EN DO amp DTRISLEEP_RO DIS CTS DIO7 RTS AD6 DIO6 ASSOCIADS DIOS 1k RF TX AD4 DIO4 ASSOCIATE COORD SEL ADS DIOS 5 AD2 DIO2 AD1 DIO1 ADO DIOO 1k BC547B Wace GND XBEE PRO GND JP4 M8RXD M8TXD JP3 M8TXD Figure 3 6 Arduino Zigbee Shield Receiver Circuit 33 572 na 28 E lg xai 4 2 W k re L rz 2 na ost 9
40. d Remove Score Events Add Remove Foul Events Add Remove Timeout Events Change Game Setting Event Change Time Event Play Stop Time Event Reset Shot Clock Event Figure 3 9 Use Case Diagram In figure 3 7 presents the direct relationship of what the user can execute during the usage of the software program the use case diagram for the prototype the user is given access to all of the features available within the Scoreboard application that was created using Microsoft Visual C and NET FRAMEWORK 4 0 The Use Case illustrates the different actions add remove score fouls and timeouts change scoreboard settings and game time play stop game time and reset shot clock the User will be able to do All actions will lead to synchronizing with the external scoreboard via Zigbee s data transmission The Add Remove Score Events allows the user to add or remove from the score of any team corresponding to the text seen on the button that handles the event The Add Remove Foul Events allows the user to add or remove from the foul of any team The Add Remove Timeout Events allows the user to add or remove 38 from the timeout of any team The Change Game Setting Event gives the user freedom to choose the combination of options on how the game will behave The Change Time Event permits manipulation of time when the user needs to adjust the time of the game The Play Stop Time Even
41. d and to the computer respectively Open the Scoreboard application software Choose the COM setting of the Zigbee for the computer Position the scoreboard to the distance defined on the first procedure Press the buttons for trial testing Check to see if the clocks have been synchronized Record the result and 10 Repeat the procedures 7 9 for another distance Range Test 4th Floor Range Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Interference 30 87 m 100 100 100 None 45 37 100 100 100 72 77 m 100 100 100 None 83 04 m 100 100 100 None Table 4 3 ZigBee Range 4th Floor Test results 51 Range Test 3rd Floor Range Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Interference 31 09 m 100 100 100 People 45 52 m 99 98 99 People 72 86 m 97 98 98 People 83 12 m 98 96 97 People Table 4 4 ZigBee Range 3rd Floor Test results Data Interpretation and Analysis The test results tabulated in Table 4 3 shows that the Zigbee specifications from the datasheet are consistent wherein it can transmit information without significant delay within line of sight without obstruction As shown in Table 4 4 the data were all transmitted during the testing but a significant decrease on percent of reliability occurred as compared from those in Table 4 3 This means that the interference due to random number of people even at 83 meters would not affect the synchroniza
42. dies and walls the range of transmission is lessen with a 1 67 difference compare to the latter The design also develops software that will allow easy control using the computer to communicate with the ZigBee module The Visual C NET is the programming tool that was used Visual C NET provides a well organized approach to writing programs that are clearer easier to test debug and can be easily modified The software testing results shows that the program created in Visual C NET was able to successfully control and make a link for the device and the PC The program application is a vital part of the design wherein the user is able to visually see how to update the scoreboard with an assurance that the information is also shown to the actual scoreboard RECOMMENDATION The software could be improved if it would be interoperable to other operating systems other that Windows The system requirements for the software are also strict which could be more flexible if the program could be modified to work on lower versions of Windows The GUI could also be improved by lessening the buttons and adding more automation to the program 60 The touch screen can also be improved to a more sensitive touch screen module Since the touch screen is only fixed to 15 inch monitors it must be replaced if the laptop monitor is smaller or bigger than the touch screen Touch screen technology is also subject to further studies since tablets and I pod are
43. does satisfy the criteria to be able to provide signal for synchronization and a database for event manager Bookmark error free and bug free 58 Chapter 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION This chapter presents the overall conclusion of the design by answering the objectives of the design problem The results of the various testing procedures are summarized and theoretical analyses are clearly defined This chapter also includes the statements that suggest the need for further studies with reference to the delimitations of the design The recommendation cites what else can be done for the improvement of the design CONCLUSION The designers were able to create a wireless basketball scoreboard synchronizer that can be easily controlled using a user friendly graphical user interface program and a touch screen input in which the information from the software are sent to the scoreboard without significant delay thus adds portability and mobility for the users and eliminates setting up messy wires Accurate data transmission from the software to the actual scoreboard was achieved according to the results of the testing The laptop computer was able to communicate using the Zigbee to the program written in the Arduino which controls the scoreboard The device can transmit data without delay within 80m to 100m if there is no physical obstruction or interference However if there 59 are minor interference and obstruction such as human bo
44. ds to the designs objective were met it also addresses if the problem was given a solution to its problems by the developed prototype The groups presented recommendations that are not included in the design prototype because of constraints such at time and money The recommendations can be use to further improve the system and can be utilize a reference for future study in the field related to it The conclusion and recommendations stated in the document was derived from the final design prototype 26 BILL OF MATERIALS The table below shows all the materials used in the development of the design with its costing without shipping cost since it depends on location COMPONENTS QUANTITY a Mad TOTAL XBee PRO 802 15 4 1 700 00 3 400 00 Arduino Mega 2560 2 400 00 2 400 00 74LS48 Decoder 30 00 510 00 1 Feet of Copper Wire 1 50 150 00 Table 3 1 Bill of Materials 27 Hardware Development Conceptual Diagram Choose a Command Execute The EHE EN EI OCI oo Command E ES 0 unm ff TOUCHSCREEN GUI INTERFACE ZIGBEE RX e o LAPTOP SHIELD XBEE USB ADAPTER Use x Amplifi UNL2003A ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER ZIGBEE TX SCOREBOARD WITH HORN Figure 3 2 Conceptual Diagram 28 The Design s Conceptual Diagram as illustrated in figure 3 2 shows the prototype s behavior and flow from beginning to end The user can choose a command and execute th
45. e should occur on the scoreboard regardless of time synchronization and distance There would be two trials to test each button the first trial will come after opening the software application and the second is after the first trial wherein the previous data are still stored Procedure 1 Connect the Touch screen device and adjust its settings 2 Connect the Zigbee receiver and transceiver to the scoreboard and to the computer respectively 3 Open the Scoreboard application software 4 Choose the COM setting of the Zigbee for the computer 5 Click one button for trial testing 6 Record the result 7 Repeat procedure 5 and 6 for another button and 8 Repeat procedure 5 to 7 for the another trial 47 Remarks Burton Name GUI Scoreboard HomeScorePlusi_btn Correct Correct HomeScorePlus2_btn Correct Correct HomeScorePlus3_btn Correct Correct HomeScoreMinus1_btn Correct Correct HomeFoulsPlusi btn Correct Correct HomeFoulsMinus1 btn Correct Correct HomeTimeoutPlusi btn Correct Correct HomeTimeoutMinus1 Correct Correct AwayScorePlus1l Correct Correct AwayScorePlus2 btn Correct Correct AwayScorePlus3 btn Correct Correct AwayScoreMinus1 btn Correct Correct AwayFoulsPlus1_btn Correct Correct AwayFoulsMinus1_btn Correct Correct AwayTimeoutPlusi_btn Correct Correct AwayTimeoutMinus1 btn Correct Correct Play btn Correct Correct Stop btn Correct Correct ResetC
46. e Timer of the Flag to False IbIHTimeout Text Convert ToString Convert ToInt32 IblHTimeout Text 1 serialPort1 WriteLine E IblHTimeout Text This statements for serial port transmission endregion region Away Controls private void btnAwayAdd1 Click object sender EventArgs 76 Ibl AwayScore Text Convert ToString Convert ToInt32 IblAwayScore Text 1 this line add 1 point to the score of the Home Team serialPort1 WriteLine A Ibl wayScore Text PadLeft 3 0 This statements for serial port transmission private void btnAwayAdd2_Click object sender EventArgs Ibl AwayScore Text Convert ToString Convert ToInt32 IblAwayScore Text 2 this line add 2 point to the score of the Home Team serialPort1 WriteLine A IblAwayScore Text PadLeft 3 0 This statements for serial port transmission ResetSC private void btnAwayAdd3_Click object sender EventArgs Ibl AwayScore Text Convert ToString Convert ToInt32 lblAwayScore Text 3 this line add 3 point to the score of the Home Team serialPort1 WriteLine A Ibl wayScore Text PadLeft 3 0 This statements for serial port transmission ResetSC private void btnAwaySub1_Click object sender EventArgs e if IDlAwayScore Text 0 Ibl AwayScore Text Convert ToString Convert ToInt32 IblAwayScore Text 1 this line add 1 point to the score of the Home Team seri
47. e event from the software running in the computer The touch screen takes advantage of the GUI Graphical User Interface of the software to provide the user ease of use The Scoreboard Application will serve as the interface between the computer and the external scoreboard After the user executes a command from the program then it will send a corresponding data to the microcontroller The computer will first pass it to the wireless communication device to transmit the information this device is the Xbee Adapter with the Zigbee mounted on it The Zigbee Module only purpose is the synchronization of the scoreboard software with the external scoreboard display it is responsible for accurate and fast wireless data transmission The Arduino Mega 2560 with the Arduino XBee Shield concern is that of receiving and executing the commands that corresponds to the sent data The next diagram Figure 3 3 Block Diagram will show how each of the parts interact with one another when integrated as one into the system and the flow of data in the components on the system Block Diagram The block diagram of the design prototype is made up of two main parts that can be separated into five major components specifically the Touch Screen the Computer the Transmitter The Receiver and the Data Output The touch 29 screen device provides the screen coordinates to be sent as data to the computer when the user taps the screen The computer side is comprised of 2 p
48. eaning agents from the ketone Note 1027 family acetone methyl ethyl ketone etc and from the chlorinated hydrocarbon family Ta AMISENT TEMPERATURE C Figure 10 Maximum Allowable DC Current vs Ambient Temperature ny RELATIVE TO 1 AT 10 mA PERSEGVEN T ipga PEAK FORWARD CURRENT PER SEGMENT mA Figure 13 Relative Efficiency Luminous ity per Unit Current vs Peak Current 97 Intensity Bin Limits med AlGaAs Red HDSP H15x IV Bin Category Min Max Bin Category Min p in Color Categories a Max 1 585 00 a 59 589 00 9 a smo sao a 5 0 so categories are established for classification of products Products may not be available in all categories Please contact your Agilent representatives for further clarification nformation g 8 0 4 58900 59250 7 57 e 8 5 98 WE LA Nini TE Migh parar lange mil rodent 3 Thash nm mie lerem hmi 28 les X in 57 dn RF Family Features Comparison ArAnA Wet 02 154 ETT awe fom om a SS EM M Y _ mic ME om om Paw ee etinm ee om m Adee PRO II 5 Wee
49. ee Protocol as Assignments in Teaching Embedded Systems IEEE Research Paper Xiangyin M Shide X Ying X Huiping H 2009 ZigBee Based Wireless Networked Smart Transducer and its Application in Supervision and Control System for Natural Gas Gate Station IEEE Research Paper 62 Yanfei L Cheng W Chengbo Y Xiaojun Q 2009 Research on ZigBee Wireless Sensors Network Based on ModBus Protocol International Forum on Information Technology and Applications Volume 1 pages 487 490 Zhang H 2009 Optical Touch Screen with Virtual Force IEEE Research Paper Zhu Y W Zhong X X and Shi J F 2006 The Design of Wireless Sensor Network System Based on ZigBee Technology for Greenhouse Journal of Physics Conference Series Volume 48 pages 1195 1199 63 APPENDICES 64 Appendix A OPERATIONS MANUAL 1 System Requirement o Pentium 4 processor 1 6GHz or equivalent 512MB RAM or higher o Microsoft Windows XP or higher 2 Installation Procedure o Attach the Zigbee Transceiver to the laptop o Attach the Zigbee Receiver to the scoreboard o Attach the Touch Screen module to the laptop o Turn the Scoreboard o Run the scoreboard application on the laptop 3 User s Manual o Run Scoreboard exe 65 o Touch Option o Enter desired Game Options o Choose the right COM PORT o Touch Save o Start the scoreboard by touching Play o Touch Stop to stop the game o Touch Time to adjust Time
50. emerging nowadays The Zigbee module operates up to 100 meters urban areas or indoors and 1500 meters in line of sight or outdoors It can only be in synchronizing with one scoreboard Another design could be one to many Zigbee transmission This would require more Zigbee and a different type of data transmission such as broadcast transmission The design could have a security features and database to improve the automation and control of the basketball games This would need a back end database and a security code This improvement will help basketball committees to easily record the scores and other information of the game 61 REFERENCES Arai F Iwata N Fukuda T 2004 Transparent Tactile Feeling Device for Touch Screen Interface IEEE Research Paper Balang D G T Magsino A D 2010 On Screen Mouse Add On Frame Utilizing Array of Lasers with PS 2 Computer Interface Mapua Design Paper Bergmann N W Wallace M Calia E 2010 Low cost prototyping system for sensor networks IEEE Research Paper Cox D Jovanov E Milenkovic 2005 Time synchronization for ZigBee networks IEEE Research Paper Cruz M S Reyes E B T Vicedo M J R 2010 Nurse Touch Screen Device Touch Screen Interfaced Inpatient Treatment Record System Mapua Design Paper Li X Munigala S Zeng Q 2010 Design and Implementation of a Wireless Programmable Logic Controller System IEEE Research Paper Li Y 2011 ZigB
51. er s USB ports from shorts and overcurrent Although most computers provide their own internal protection the fuse provides an extra layer of protection If more than 500 mA is applied to the USB port the fuse will automatically break the connection until the short or overload is removed Physical Characteristics and Shield Compatibility The maximum length and width of the Mega2560 PCB are 4 and 2 1 inches respectively with the USB connector and power jack extending beyond the former dimension Three screw holes allow the board to be attached to a surface or case Note that the distance between digital pins 7 and 8 is 160 mil 0 16 not an even multiple of the 100 mil spacing of the other pins The Mega2560 is designed to be compatible with most shields designed for the Uno Diecimila or Duemilanove Digital pins 0 to 13 and the adjacent AREF and GND pins analog inputs 0 to 5 the power header and ICSP header are all in equivalent locations Further the main UART serial port is located on the same pins 0 and 1 as are external interrupts 0 and 1 pins 2 and 3 respectively SPI is available through the ICSP header on both the Mega2560 and Duemilanove Diecimila Please note that is not located on the same pins the Mega 20 and 21 as the Duemilanove Diecimila analog inputs 4 and 5 107 Xbee Shield Overview The Xbee shield allows an Arduino board to communicate wirelessly using Zigbee It is based on the Xbee
52. gure 3 2 Conceptual Diagram Figure 3 3 Block Diagram of Scoreboard Controller and Scoreboard Figure 3 4 Touch Screen Circuit Figure 3 5 Zigbee Shield Transmitter Circuit Figure 3 6 Arduino Zigbee Shield Receiver Circuit Figure 3 7 Arduino Mega 2560 Receiver Circuit Figure 3 8 System Flowchart Figure 3 9 Use Case Diagram Figure 3 10 Activity Diagram Figure 3 11 Scoreboard Application Main Page Figure 3 12 Scoreboard Application Options Page Figure 3 13 Scoreboard Application Change Time Page Figure 6 1 Full Prototype Figure 6 2 Touchscreen Controller Figure 6 3 Touchscreen Set 11 23 28 31 32 33 33 34 37 38 39 41 42 43 66 67 68 viii ABSTRACT ZigBee is a wireless technology developed to be simpler and cheaper than other wireless personal area network It is designed for radio frequency applications that require low data rate long battery life and secure networking A score board is a large board that contains related information on a particular sport It usually displays the current scores and time of a game Scoreboards are usually connected by cables and wires to its controller but with our project the need for wires is eliminated We constructed a prototype scoreboard and created a software application using C that runs on a Windows based laptop The scoreboard is connected wirelessly to the laptop using Zigbee technology A touchscreen kit is attached to the laptop
53. he degree in Bachelorof Science in Computer Engineering uh S Ya Dr Felicito S Caluyo Dean School of EECE Acknowledgement We are indeed grateful to the people who advised gave comments gave assistance and encouraged us to make this design report possible A special thanks to our adviser Engr Michael Calizo Pacis for his continued enthusiasm and dedication that he showed to ensure the completion of this paper We thank him for the guidance and patience throughout the course of this study and for giving us the opportunity to pursue such a rewarding experience To Engr Lilibeth Mendoza for guiding and keeping us from straying away from our goal thank you We would also like to thank the panel members who agreed to examine and certify our oral presentation and made this design report a success We would like to express our gratitude to our parents for generously providing us moral and financial support and to our friends who also supported us on our endeavors as we finish this report For this achievement we give back all the glory and praises to the omnipotent Father Almighty for giving us strength wisdom patience and guidance in completing this design report Again thank you TITLE PAGE Table of Contents APPROVAL SHEET ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ABSTRACT Chapter 1 Chapter 2 DESIGN BACKGROUND AND INFORMATION Background Statement of
54. he group builds the main concept of how the design prototype will operate and produce the required output and what may possibly the major parts Figure 3 2 shows the whole idea that the group devise to use in creation of the design prototype and Figure 3 3 represents the nature of the data flow of the system Assembly of Hardware and Software This section refers how the actual design construction of the prototype The group constructed the systems block diagram and flowchart as the basis using these consideration when creating the design individual 24 components are decided for construction of the schematic diagram as shown in figures 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 these provides as the circuit used in the prototype After verifying the integral parts to be utilized the group search and canvassed for all the materials prices Table 3 1 reveals the various devices used for the prototype and their amount when they were acquired The datasheets of each major item that was used are gathered in the appendix section of the document for reference in the future The figures mentioned illustrate the different circuit designs in the different parts are used as the finalized circuit that composed the designs hardware The circuit includes how the interfaces will connect the device or modules used to the computer The prototype is then amassed for the final testing Figure 6 1 Touch Screen Basketball Scoreboard Controller Device of the appendix sho
55. hen this line is asserted taken low the reset line drops long enough to reset the chip The Arduino software uses this capability to allow you to upload code by simply pressing the upload button in the Arduino environment This means that the bootloader can have a shorter timeout as the lowering of DTR can be well coordinated with the start of the upload 106 This setup has other implications When the Mega2560 is connected to either a computer running Mac OS X or Linux it resets each time a connection is made to it from software via USB For the following half second or so the bootloader is running on the Mega2560 While it is programmed to ignore malformed data i e anything besides an upload of new code it will intercept the first few bytes of data sent to the board after a connection is opened If a sketch running on the board receives one time configuration or other data when it first starts make sure that the software with which it communicates waits a second after opening the connection and before sending this data The Mega2560 contains a trace that can be cut to disable the auto reset The pads on either side of the trace can be soldered together to re enable it It s labeled RESET EN You may also be able to disable the auto reset by connecting a 110 ohm resistor from 5V to the reset line see this forum thread for details USB Overcurrent Protection The Arduino Mega2560 has a resettable polyfuse that protects your comput
56. his project used Arduino low cost microprocessor platform XBEE low cost Zigbee networking modules and open source TinyOS software system 19 From the Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering in Alabama University USA Cox D Jovanov E and Milenkovic A developed the Time Synchronization for Zigbee Networks in the year 2005 Time synchronization indeed is important for most network applications This is true particularly in a wireless sensor network WSN as a way to correlate diverse measurements from a set of distributed sensor elements and synchronize clocks for shared channel communication protocols These wireless sensors are normally designed with very strict constraints for size cost and more importantly power consumption The flooding time synchronization protocol FTSP was explicitly developed for time synchronization of mesh connected wireless sensor networks ZigBee however can also accommodate master slave networks that can be more power efficient This study optimized the FTSP for master slave WSNs and implemented it using TinyOS 1 1 8 and ZigBee compliant hardware This approach aimed to allow not just better synchronization but as well reduced power consumption of wireless nodes In 2004 Arai F Iwata N and Fukuda T of the Department of Micro Nano System Engineering of Nagoya University in Japan proposes the Transparent Tactile Feeling Device for Touch Screen Interface The device will
57. hnic Institute of Technology in 2011 authored the study Implementing ZigBee Protocol as Assignments in Teaching Embedded Systems a study was postulated in response to producing a technology that would turn to benefit people in the real setting In one of the courses in the Bachelor of Engineering Technology programme offered at Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology a feasible project has always been used as assignment for teaching and assessment Recently included in those assignments was to implement the ZigBee protocol in the in house developed micro controller training kit It involved emerging technologies of the wireless sensor control network in the assignment has stimulated students interest not only in embedded systems but also in other areas such as wireless communications This proves the expanding use of wireless technology in the techno world It has been known that information transmission is apparent for the user in the ZigBee wireless sensors network a technology that lacks interactivity and self limit A friendly interface cannot view the information in the ZigBee wireless sensors network in a real time by a friendly interface In this aspect Modbus protocol is embedded into ZigBee stack so that an interaction can be well applied and the information can be viewed in a friendly interface This paper Research on ZigBee Wireless Sensors Network Based on ModBus Protocol delved on the 16 measures to embed the M
58. imerMin intQuarterTimerSec intQuarterMiliSecond intShotClockTime intShotClockMili 9 intCurrentPeriod intMaxPeriod string strMaxPeriod strMaxFouls strShotClock strQuarterTime strMaxTimeout endregion region Initailize_Components public frmScoreboard InitializeComponent 70 endregion region Load Form private void frmScoreboard_Load object sender EventArgs e MessageBox Show Make sure to change the settings first before starting the game nPress Alt O to open Options Menu nAlways Select The Right COM port in Options Menu Attention MessageBoxButtons OK MessageBoxIcon Exclamation region QuarterTimer amp ShotClock private void timer1_Tick object sender EventArgs e Code For The Shot Clock if intQuarterTimerMin 0 amp amp intQuarterTimerSec 0 amp amp intQuarterMilisecond 0 goto QUARTERTIMER else if intShotClockTime gt 0 if intShotClockMili gt 0 intShotClockMili else intShotClockMili 9 IbITimerSC Text Convert ToString intShotClockTime 1 PadLeft 2 0 intShotClockTime Convert ToInt32 IbIlTimerSC Text serialPort1 WriteLine C IbITimerSC Text else End Shot Clock 71 tmrTime Enabled false booltmrPause false ResetSC QUARTERTIMER Code For The Game Time if intQuarterTimerMin gt 0 if intQuarterMiliSecond gt 0 intQuarterMili
59. inutes Text Convert ToString intQuarterTimerMin PadLeft 2 serialPort1 WriteLine M IblTimerMinutes Text Thread Sleep 100 IbITimerSeconds Text Convert ToString intQuarterTimerSec PadLeft 2 serialPort1 WriteLine S IbITimerSeconds Text Thread Sleep 100 IbIMiliSeconds Text Convert ToString intQuarterMilisecond Thread Sleep 100 IblPeriodNumber Text openChangeTime cbPeriod Text serialPort1 WriteLine P IblPeriodNumber Text Thread Sleep 100 openChangeTime Dispose openChangeTime Close add serial code for all changes private void btnOptions Click object sender EventArgs e 1 booltmrPause false tmrTime Enabled false if serialPort1 IsOpen serialPort1 Close frmOptions openOptions new frmOptions openOptions ShowDialog serialPort1 PortName openOptions serialPort1 PortName 80 serialPort1 Open IbITimerMinutes Text openOptions cbTimerMins Text IbITimerSeconds Text 00 IbIMiliSeconds Text 0 IbITimerSC Text openOptions cbShotClock Text IblPeriodNumber Text 01 IbIHTimeout Text openOptions cbTimeouts Text serialPort1 Writeline E IblHTimeout Text IblATimeout Text openOptions cbTimeouts Text serialPort1 WriteLine Y IblATimeout Text strQuarterTime openOptions cbTimerMins Text strMaxPeriod openOptions cbPeriodNumber Text strMaxFouls openOptions cbFoulsAllowed Text strShotClock openOp
60. ions required at the auxiliary inputs are shown in the truth tables 1548 circuit incorporates automatic leading and or trailing edge zero blanking control RB and RBO Lamp Test LT may be activated any time when the BI RBO node is HIGH Both devices contain an overriding blanking input which can be used to control the lamp intensity by varying the frequency and duty cycle of the input signal to inhibit the outputs Lamp Intensity Modulation Capability BURBO Interna Pull Ups Eliminate Need for External Resistors Input Clamp Diodes Eliminate High Speed Termination Effects CONNECTION DIAGRAM DIP TOP VIEW Wc g9 a b c d e SN54 74LS48 BCD TO 7 SEGMENT DECODER LOGIC SYMBOL 712635 ABC DURES 554 741 548 Bv 1 0 80 13 12 11 10 9 1514 4 Veo PIN 16 GND PNE 86 SN54 74LS48 PIN NAMES BCD Inputs Fel Rippie Blanking Active Low Input IT Lamp Test Active Low Input BI RBO Blanking input or Ripple Blanking Output Active Low BI Blanking Actve Low input NOTES Unt Load UL 40 HIGH 1 6 mA LOW b Outut current measured amp Voyy 05 V LOADING Note 0 25 UL 0501 0 2501 0501 0 2501 0501 0 7501 1201 2 1 UL 0501 0 2501 3 75 1 25 48 Output LOW drive factor Is SNS4LS 74L548 1 25 U L for 54 3 75 U L for Commercial 74 345 6 7 8 10 1 12 13 14 1
61. lations Starting the program will then initiate the Scoreboard software loading it to memory where all the operations can be carried out 36 LOAD LOAD LOAD PROGRAM SHOW DEFAULT GAME SCOREBOARD SETTINGS TIME SHOW SHOW T GAME CHANGE OPTIONS TIME WINDOW WINDOW SHOT CLOCK TRANSMIT UPDATE AND GAME DATA VIA EXTERNAL TIMER START ZIGBEE SCOREBOARD CHOOSE GAME TIME w OPTIONS STOP SHOT CLOCK BUTTON AND GAME CLICK TIMER STOP A NO YES HOME EXECUTE YES CONTROL BUTTON BUTTONS CONTROL SAVE CLICK EVENT CHANGES TO SAVE GAME TIME OPTIONS AWAY veg EXECUTE P 12 CONTROL BUTTON TRANSMIT mE BUTTONS CONTROL DATA VIA CLICK EVENT ZIGBEE NO UPDATE Y EXTERNAL UPDATE SCOREBOARD TIMER v yes SHOT CLOCK B EXTERNAL BUTTONS 5 GAME C SCOREBOARD CLICK TIMER STOP LOAD CHANGE NO GAME TIME IN LOAD SAVED SCOREBOARD OPTION IN WINDOW OPTIONSN SHOT CLOCK SCOREBONRD BUTTONS AND GAME A CLICK TIMER STOP DM TRANSMIT UPDATE DATAVIA EXTERNAL ZIGBEE SCOREBOARD Figure 3 8 System Flowchart 37 USE CASE DIAGRAM User SCOREBOARD Ad
62. lock btn Correct Correct Table 4 1 Data Accuracy Test Trial 1 Results The first trial tests if the data from initial state of the software application will change when a button is pressed and will have the same output on the scoreboard 48 Remarks Burton Name GUI Scoreboard HomeScorePlusi_btn Correct Correct HomeScorePlus2_btn Correct Correct HomeScorePlus3_btn Correct Correct HomeScoreMinus1_btn Correct Correct HomeFoulsPlusi btn Correct Correct HomeFoulsMinus1 btn Correct Correct HomeTimeoutPlusi btn Correct Correct HomeTimeoutMinus1 Correct Correct AwayScorePlus1l Correct Correct AwayScorePlus2 btn Correct Correct AwayScorePlus3 btn Correct Correct AwayScoreMinus1 btn Correct Correct AwayFoulsPlus1_btn Correct Correct AwayFoulsMinus1_btn Correct Correct AwayTimeoutPlusi_btn Correct Correct AwayTimeoutMinus1 btn Correct Correct Play btn Correct Correct Stop btn Correct Correct ResetClock btn Correct Correct Table 4 2 Data Accuracy Test Trial 2 Results The second trial tests if the data from the previous state of the software application will change correspondingly when a button is pressed Data Interpretation and Analysis Table 4 1 shows that all the software application buttons are executing as programmed and are sending the data accurately as shown on the remarks as 49 Correct This is the first trial which started from zero scores ze
63. n the side of the package 3 The dominant wavelength 2 4 is derived from the CIE chromaticity diagram and is that single wavelength which defines the color of the device 4 Typical specifiention for reference only Do not exceed absolute maximum ratings 5 For low current operation the AlGaAs HDSP H10X series displays are recommended They are tested at 1 mA dc segment and are pin for pin compatible with the HDGP H15X series 6 For low current operation the HER HDSP 555X series displays are recommended They are tested at 2 mA de segment and are for pin compatible with the HDSP 550X series 7 The Yellow HDSP 5700 and Green HDSP 5600 displays are categorized for dominant wavelength The category is designated by n number adjacent to the luminous intensity category letter 3 3 RATIO OF MAXIMUM OPERATING PEAK CURRENT TO TEMPERATURE DERATED MAXIMUM DC CURRENT RATIO OF MAXIMUM OPERATING PEAK CURRENT TO TEMPERATURE DERATED MAXIMUM DC CUNMENT i OPERATION tp PULSE DURATION 1 PULSE DURATION ps Figure 1 Maximum Tolerable Peak Current vs Pigure 2 Maximum Tolerable Peak Current Pulse Duration Red vs Pulse Duration AlGaAs Red 95 Ip FORWARD CURRENT PIR SEGMENT mA 20 30 40 50 60 70 30 190 10 120 TA AMBIENT TEMPERATURE lpc MAX MAXIMUM CURRENT FER SEGMENT Figure 3 Maximum Allowable DC Current vs Figure 4 Forward Current vs
64. nication timing Providing quick robust communication in point to point peer to peer and multipoint star configurations XBee multipoint products enable robust end point connectivity with ease Whether deployed as a pure cable replacement for simple serial communication or as part of a more complex hub and spoke network of sensors XBee multipoint RF modules maximize wireless performance and ease of development Drop in Networking End Point Connectivity XBee OEM RF modules are part of Digi s Drop in Networking family of end to end connectivity solutions By seamlessly interfacing with compatible gateways device adapters and extenders XBee embedded RF modules provide developers with true beyond the horizon connectivity 100 Platform XBee 802 15 4 Series 1 XBee PRO 802 15 4 Series 1 XBee PRO XSC Performance O ooo o mmm uewmmme wwe esse Deere mmm emm Features 0 foci beum Networking amp Security eme 0 e o OO 9 O ITI IDs and Channels PAN ID 64 bit IEEE MAC 16 Channels PAN ID 64 bit IEEE MAC 12 Channels PAN ID 32 bit Address 7 Channels Power Requirements Supply Voltage e ae U Regulatory Approvals XBee PRO 802 15 4 TX Power restricted to 10 mW in Europe and
65. now If you don t send any commands to the module for a few seconds command mode will timeout and exit even without a CN command 112
66. odbus protocol into the ZigBee stack which the Chipcon Company provided It contains address bound mechanism information centralized storage and flexible monitoring by which the real time information from the ZigBee wireless network can be monitored and some instructions can be used to control the remote device in a friendly interface Such can be used well in the middle and small ZigBee monitoring wireless sensors network This has been implemented in the plant physiological ecology monitoring system This study was developed by Liu Yanfei Wang Cheng Yu Chengbo Qiao Xiaojun of Chengdu China in 2009 Indeed wireless technology has been in demand responding to the needs of the continuously developing sophistication of the techno world According to the needs of technology and market of new kind of smart transducer this study which is based on the technology of ZigBee the international standard IEEE1451 and the technology of intelligent transducer proposed a new wireless transducer controller Z WPAN ST and described its architecture and implement technology The hardware structure and software components of Z WPAN ST which plays as a node in a WPAN are presented in detail Several problems relevant with the application of the new Z WPAN ST in supervision and control system for gas station were also included in the discussion herein This study ZigBee Based Wireless Networked Smart Transducer and Its Application in Supervision and Control
67. ort1 WriteLine S IbIMiliseconds Text PadLeft 2 0 else if intQuarterTimerSec 0 amp amp intQuarterMiliSecond 0 intQuarterMiliSecond 9 IbIMiliSseconds Text Convert ToString intQuarterMiliSecond serialPort1 WriteLine S IbIMiliSseconds Text IbITimerSeconds Text Convert ToString intQuarterTimerSec 1 PadLeft 2 0 serialPort1 WriteLine M IbITimerSeconds Text else if intQuarterTimerSec 0 amp amp intQuarterTimerMin 0 amp amp intQuarterMilisecond 0 t intCurrentPeriod Convert ToInt32 IblPeriodNumber Text 1 int HomeScore Convert ToInt32 lblHomeScore Text AwayScore Convert ToInt32 lblAwayScore Text if intCurrentPeriod lt intMaxPeriod amp amp intCurrentPeriod gt 0 IblPeriodNumber Text Convert ToString intCurrentPeriod PadLeft 2 0 serialPort1 WriteLine P IblPeriodNumber Text IbITimerMinutes Text strQuarterTime serialPort1 WriteLine M IbITimerMinutes Text intQuarterTimerMin Convert ToInt32 strQuarterTime booltmrPause false tmrTime Enabled false ResetSC else if intCurrentPeriod gt intMaxPeriod amp amp HomeScore AwayScore string strOverTime 05 add serialport for labels periodnumber minutes seconds add into options overtime length and comport should be selected IblPeriodNumber Text 00 serialPort1 WriteLine P IblPeriodNumber Text IbITimerMinutes Text strOverTime
68. orts used to connect with the Figure 3 X Touch Screen and Figure 3 4 Zigbee Transmitter Circuit The transmitter contains a FT232RL integrated circuit and the Zigbee The FT232RL IC is made to convert the signals entering from a serial port to TTL Transistor Transistor Logic so that the Zigbee Transmitter can understand the data passed to it The Zigbee Transmitter sends the signal to its paired Zigbee Receiver The receiver block firstly involves the Zigbee RX that receives the TTL signal coming from the Zigbee TX and then it transfers it to the MCU Microcontroller Unit Arduino Mega 2560 The MCU then performs the necessary data processing before it output in a 7 segment decoder The output component contains the 7 segment decoder that interprets the data from the MCU to be displayed in the external scoreboard composing of 7 segment displays 30 Scoreboard Controller Computer USB Port User Input Touch Screen Transmitter User USB Port input FT232RL Soa gt Zigbee TX 8 5 Scoreboard Receiver i Arduino Horn Signal 220 DC Zigbee RX 92 Data Output 7 D 7 Segment Ed Amplifier pius Segment Decoder Display Figure 3 3 Blo
69. pplied to input ai segment outputs go to a LOW level 87 SN54 74LS48 GUARANTEED OPERATING RANGES Guaranteed Input LOW Voltage for All Inputs __ imuteamppose votage 5 v _ Voc MIN 50 pA NEIN E ESSE e Voc 7 MIN Vo 0 85 V fess I 54 74 v 2 e 277 4 Voc MAX VH 20 32 Input HIGH Current a MA 70 mmm m Input LOW Current BUREO Voc MAX Viy 0 4 V pin input Low Curent BUREO Vcc MAXVin O4V icc Power Supply Curent m vec MAX 5 Short creut Curent SRBO 1 03 20 mA vcc vex Note 1 Not more than one output should be shorted at a nor for more than 1 second AC CHARACTERISTICS Voc 5 0 V Ta 25 C mits os tt conto EHE NN ERE Level from A Input 40 eem Level Output from A Input Time HIGH to LOW seme CL 15 RL 60 0 Propagation Delay Time LOW to HIGH DNE Da 88 14 2 mm 0 56 inch Seven Segment Displays Technical Data Features Categorized for Luminous em aoe G rized Industry Standard Pinout 15 24 mm 0 6 in DIP Leads on 2 54 mm 0 1 in Centers Choice of Color
70. rence e Reset Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board Communication The Arduino Mega2560 has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer another Arduino or other microcontrollers The ATmega2560 provides four hardware UARTs for TTL 5V serial communication ATmega16U2 ATmega 8U2 on the revision 1 and revision 2 boards on the board channels one of these over USB and provides a virtual com port to software on the computer Windows machines will need a inf file but OSX and Linux machines will recognize the board as a COM port automatically The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the board The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the ATmega8U2 ATmega16U2 chip and USB connection to the computer but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1 105 SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Mega2560 s digital pins The ATmega2560 also supports TWI and SPI communication The Arduino software includes a Wire library to simplify use of the TWI bus see the documentation for details For SPI communication use the SPI library Programming The Arduino Mega can be programmed with the Arduino software arduino cc en Main Software For details see the reference and tutorials The ATmega2560 on the
71. ro fouls and 6 timeouts each team Table 4 2 now shows the second trial which shows that the scores fouls and timeouts can be controlled by either adding or subtracting The results in tables 4 1 and 4 2 illustrate that the data are accurately sent and received This also gives a significant outcome to the testing of the touch screen as input device which means that all the buttons are working through touch screen B Range Test Purpose To determine the maximum distance wherein the devices can wirelessly transmit and receive data and still be synchronized Assumptions The Zigbee module is a technology meant for wireless communication of two different components As with the design the prototype can be divided into two major components a transmitter and receiver The tests will undergo three trials first trial is for a straight and unobstructed hallway second trial is for a randomly obstructed hallway with people walls and other things and third trial is for elevated transmission with walls and ceilings The results shall be coming from the Range Tester 50 application from the Zigbee manufacturer and shall give a result in percent of efficiency of transmission which also denotes efficiency of synchronization Procedure 1 Define the distances where the ZigBee will be tested 2 3 9 Connect the Touch screen device and adjust its settings Connect the Zigbee receiver and transceiver to the scoreboar
72. rocontroller based scoreboards that have the capability to provide more features and uses It uses buttons on controllers to initiate a change in behavior of its system A scoreboard is one of the most looked at objects in a basketball match It is the clear messenger that tells the spectators of how the game is going apart from the action that they see from the players The minimum required display of the score of both teams that are competing team fouls remaining timeout of each team and timer for the shot clock and every quarter are being shown by today s scoreboard designs There are still however some flaws in the designs today With the use of the design project it will be easier to setup the scoreboard in any basketball game It would also take less effort since the design project would only be a USB accessory to your computer The software constructs an easy direct synchronization for the scoreboard and the computer The GUI graphical user interface fits all of the required information needed to be shown to everyone The device included in its hardware are the following 1 a simple wireless communication module to pair up or establish a connection and 2 the touch screen provides an effortless way of using the GUI software 3 The device is powered by the USB port of a computer The software has the following functions 1 it can be configured to be used with different rules and regulations of basketball 2 it has an easy to
73. s Testing Of The Prototype Did The Data Prove Useful Check For Errors In The System NO Modify And Troubleshoot The Prototype Plan And Create Possible System Designs From Data Is The Objective Met Evaluate The Circuit Diagram of the System Designs Formulate Recommendation and Conclusion Does The System Design Satisfies A the Condition Na M END Figure 3 1 Design Procedure Flow Chart 23 Initial Planning and Data Gathering The group first made a flow of procedures to follow before initiating to work on the actual prototype The group created a flowchart in which it will be used as our step by step guide on the different stages of the prototype design illustrated in figure 3 1 The first and one of the most important step is the data gathering procedure this was done by consulting and seeking information coming from a variety of resources such as journals books related studies and articles that are helpful for making the system design After data gathering the group sorted out the selection so that only the significant information will be left All the necessary information from the gathered data will provide solutions on solving the problems of the design These problems include the individual parts and essential components for the structure of the Scoreboard Controller prototype Then t
74. s AlGaAs Red High Efficiency Red Yellow Green Orange Excellent Appearance Evenly Lighted Segments Mitered Corners on Segments Gray Package Gives Optimum Contrast 50 Viewing Angle Design Flexibility Common Anode or Common Cathode Single and Dual Digits Right Hand Decimal Point 1 Overflow Character Use of Like Categories Yields a Uniform Display High Light Output High Peak Current Excellent for Long Digit String Multiplexing Intensity and Color Selection Option See Intensity and Color Selected Displays Data Sheet Sunlight Viewable AlGaAs Description The 14 2 mm 0 56 inch LED seven segment displays are designed for viewing distances up HDSP K40x Series HDSP 550x Series HDSP 552x Series HDSP 560x Series HDSP 562x Series HDSP 570x Series HDSP 572x Series HDSP H15x Series HDSP H40x Series to 7 metres 23 feet These devices use an industry standard size package and pinout Both the numeric and 4 1 overflow devices feature a right hand decimal point All devices are available as either common anode or common cathode Devices oa HDSP HDSP HDSP HDSP HDSP Description Drawing Hao 5501 5701 5601 CommonAnodeFughtHandDecimal maos 5508 Common Cathode Right Hand Decimal B His 5507 5707 5607 Common Anode 1 Overflow c mss ssos 5708 5608 Cathode t Overtow p Kan
75. s ZigBee technology will be embedded in a wide range of products and applications for the needs of remote monitoring and control applications including simplicity reliability low cost and low power With acceptance and implementation of ZigBee interoperability will be enabled in multi purpose self organizing mesh networks ZIGBEE CHARACTERISTIC ZigBee standard include the features of low power consumption needed for only two major modes Tx Rx or Sleep high density of nodes per network low costs and simple implementation These are enabled by the following o 2 4GHz and 868 915 MHz dual PHY modes o Low power consumption with battery life ranging from months to years o Maximum data rates allowed for each of these frequency bands are fixed as 250 kbps 2 4 GHz 40 kbps 915 MHz and 20 kbps 868 MHz o High throughput and low latency for low duty cycle applications lt 0 1 o Channel access using Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance CSMA CA o Addressing space of up to 64 bit IEEE address devices 65 535 networks o 50m typical range o Fully reliable hand shaked data transfer protocol o Different topologies as star peer to peer and mesh 10 ZigBee Stack Block Diagram Application Layer APL IEEE 802 15 4 defined ZigBee Alliance defined End manufacturer defined Fig 2 1 Zigbee Stack Block Diagram ZigBee is simpler than many protocol stacks and need less sof
76. s e if Ibla wayScore Text 0 Ibl AwayScore Text Convert ToString Convert ToInt32 IblAwayScore Text 1 this line minus 1 point to the score of the Home Team serialPort1 WriteLine H IblAwayScore Text PadLeft 3 0 This statements for serial port transmission private void btnHomeFoulAdd_Click object sender EventArgs if IbIHTFouls Text strMaxFouls x IbIHTFouls Text Convert ToString Convert ToInt32 IbIHTFouls Text 1 this line add 1 foul of the Home Team serialPort1 WriteLine O IbIHTFouls Text This statements for serial port transmission tmrTime Enabled false 75 private void btnHomeFoulSub_Click object sender EventArgs e if IbIHTFouls Text 0 IbIHTFouls Text Convert ToString Convert ToInt32 IbIHTFouls Text A this line minus 1 foul of the Home Team serialPort1 WriteLine O IbIHTFouls Text This statements for serial port transmission private void btnHomeTimeoutAdd Click object sender EventArgs if IbIHTimeout Text strMaxTimeout IbIHTimeout Text Convert ToString Convert ToInt32 IblHTimeout Text 1 this line add 1 timeout to the Home Team serialPort1 WriteLine E IblHTimeout Text This statements for serial port transmission private void btnHomeTimeoutSub Click object sender EventArgs if IbIHTimeout Text 0 tmrTime Enabled false Stops The Timer booltmrPause false Set th
77. s well as the scores and the other details of the game such as fouls and timeouts in any given distance without setting up messy wires The scoreboard controller should send information to the scoreboard with a minimal delay that it can t be noticed by the naked eye and should be easily updated by the user without getting confused with buttons and with an assurance that the sent information is received accurately Objectives of the Design General objectives The design aims to create a wireless basketball scoreboard controller with the use of a laptop computer thus eliminating the limits of a wired connection and adding mobility Specific objectives 1 To create a user friendly GUI program using Visual C NET language that communicates and sends data via Zigbee wireless point to point communication technology 2 To synchronize the information in the software to the actual scoreboard and 3 To offer portability and flexibility for a basketball scoreboard Impact of the Design The study of Portable Touch Screen PC Based Basketball Scoreboard Synchronizer via Zigbee can be a way to eliminate the limits of where a basketball scoreboard can be placed regardless of the distance between the controller and the scoreboard This can be a small contribution to the sports of basketball by constructing an innovative design of a scoreboard controller It is especially designed for communities that hold amateur basketball tournaments
78. specially using the ZigBee controller and the use of touch screen devices It is in this regard that the authors had those studies reviewed to check on how it is related to the present study and how it will guide them Going over these past projects have given the authors a wider understanding of what information is already available with regard the topic From the Department of Electronics Computer amp Mechanical Engineering Technology Indiana State University at Terre Haute USA Xiaolong Li Munigala and 5 Qing An Zeng was able to develop the project entitled Design and Implementation of a Wireless Programmable Logic Controller System in 2010 Technological advancements has marked briskly over the past years and it has become part of every individual s everyday life as it has become an inevitable need making lives easier and more comfortable Through time these technologies have evolved into even more sophisticated models with the aim of improving life further This is true with the wireless technology which had undergone significant development that has enabled people to connect devices with conveniences This study had made an effort to utilize one of the wireless technologies ZigBee to programmable logic controller PLC so that the remote field devices can be controlled without the need to connect wires in between the devices involved just like what the present study is aiming to develop 15 Meanwhile Yao Li of Christchurch Polytec
79. ssion here were the framework hardware and software structure related programming To compare this system which uses 18 ZigBee technology with traditional wired network system for greenhouse it has advantage of low cost low power and wider coverage In addition it complies with IEEE802 15 4 protocol making it convenient to communicate with other products that comply with the protocol as well Bergmann N W Wallace M and Calia E from the School of ITEE University of Queensland in St Lucia Queensland Australia were able to develop meanwhile the study Low Cost Prototyping System for Sensor Networks in 2010 System designs for modern wireless sensor systems are based on low capability microprocessors and limited range radios since such designs have small physical size and limited energy budgets But given the fact that these sensor nodes are based on low cost components development supplies for wireless sensor network are somewhat expensive just like the sensor nodes Instead of making the cost a few dollars less these low cost systems usually cost above a hundred dollars each Such cost of the system is affected by the wide variety of sensor nodes available and the limited market size for any one node The said concern prompted the researchers to develop this study which aims to develop a low cost prototyping platform that is based as much as possible on existing open source PCB designs and software environments T
80. st of the products to be bought also included in this regard is the availability of the stock Definition of Terms This part defines the technical terms cited in the design document 1 Microcontroller an integrated chip that is often part of an embedded system The microcontroller includes a CPU RAM ROM I O ports and timers like a standard computer but because they are designed to execute only a single specific task to control a single system they are much smaller and simplified so that they can include all the functions required on a single chip 2 Zigbee a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small low power digital radios based on the IEEE 802 15 4 2003 standard for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks LR WPANSs such as wireless light switches with lamps electrical meters with in home displays and consumer electronics equipment via short range radio needing low rates of data transfer 3 Wireless technology a method of transmission that does not use wires or cables to connect both ends that transform data from human intelligible to transportable and back 4 Scoreboard a board for displaying the score of a game or match 5 NET FRAMEWORK framework that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows It includes large library and supports several programming languages which allows language interoperability each language can use code written in other languages
81. t enables or disables the timer of the game And lastly the reset shot clock event provides an option to the user to reset the shot clock while the timer is running All this was in consideration in making an program resembling a standard scoreboard ACTIVITY DIAGRAM User Open S A Scoreboard Add Remove Any Team Scoreboard Timeouts Settings Add Remove Add Remove Any Team Score Any Team Fouls Change Game Play Stop Game Time Time Reset Shot Clock Figure 3 10 Activity Diagram For figure 3 8 it shows the different task that the user can perform in the Scoreboard Application Software The user can add scores 1 2 3 or 1 39 using an event to the teams It also includes the ability to increase or decrease the value by 1 of foul and or timeout events even if the game time is ticking Every time the data changes on the scoreboard program it will be reflected on to the external scoreboard because they are synchronized And also change the status of the timer to play or to stop events and it is able to reset the shot clock in anytime of the game The game time is accurate to a hundredth of a millisecond making it accurate enough for being a basketball scoreboard The software can also change the setting of the game this feature enables the user to set the total number of minutes in a quarter how many periods in a game maximum number of team fouls and timeouts in a quarter and the shot clock timer Another
82. ted to a functional form by the 7 segment driver The output of the device comprises of the 7 Segment Drivers and 7 Segment displays 35 Software Development Our group s main focus in software development is to create a software program which will act as the backbone of the entire system There are 2 main task of the program the first is that it should enable the user to operate the program easily and it must behave similarly to a standard basketball scoreboard secondly it is going to be used to synchronized the data from the software to be displayed in the portable scoreboard using the interface of the Zigbee module for data transmission Visual C 2010 is an object oriented program combined with NET FRAMEWORK 4 0 will create a rich user interface that will provide ease of use Also with using these tools to construct software it can interact with a USB port of a computer since it can reference a variety of objects for the design implementation For the flow of the system figure 3 6 will illustrate the nature of the design prototype With incorporating different software engineering documentation methodologies as shown in figure 3 7 for the Scoreboard Controller Software as well as providing an interface to the application software as demonstrated in figure 3 8 to 3 10 SYSTEM FLOWCHART The software event executions of the design prototype are shown in figure 3 6 System Flowchart It displays the concise flow of the program and its re
83. the Problem Objectives of the Design Impact of the Design Design Constraints Definition of Terms REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Introduction to ZigBee ZigBee Characteristics Introduction to Touchscreen Related Studies vii viii 10 13 14 Chapter 3 DESIGN PROCEDURES 23 Initial Planning and Data Gathering 24 Assembly of Hardware and Software 24 Bill of Materials 26 Hardware Development 27 Software Development 34 System Flowchart 35 Use Case Diagram 37 Activity Diagram 38 Interfacing the Device to PC 39 Prototype Development 42 Chapter 4 TESTING PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 46 Data Precision Test 46 Range Test with Respect to Time 50 User Interface Program Execution Test 53 Discussion of Results 58 Chapter 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 59 Conclusion 59 Recommendation 61 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX Operation Manual Pictures of Prototype Program Listing Data Sheet 62 63 64 66 69 85 vi List of Tables Table 3 1 Bill of Materials Table 4 1 Data Accuracy Test Trial 1 Results Table 4 2 Data Accuracy Test Trial 2 Results Table 4 3 ZigBee Range 4th Floor Test results Table 4 4 ZigBee Range 3rd Floor Test results Table 4 5a Game Options Event Screen Test Case Table 4 5b PC Scoreboard Screen Test Case 27 48 49 51 52 54 57 vii List of Figures Figure 2 1 ZigBee Stack Block Diagram Figure 3 1 Design Procedure Flow Chart Fi
84. tion it was made up of the Arduino Mega 2560 Board containing the ATmega2560 microcontroller Arduino Xbee Shield for holding the Zigbee For the software part the Arduino Mega 2560 was programmed using the Arduino IDE It is a high level programming language akin to C programming language and is specifically for Arduino Boards After the program had been constructed it was uploaded into the Arduino Mega 2560 Board using the same program The touch screen module uses PL2303 driver that must be installed along with the touch screen calibration program This would be connected to the PC COM port using a serial cable A USB to RS 232 cable is used to connect it to an available USB port Calibration is done after this setup The transmitter generally make up of FT232RL which converts signals coming from a serial port and change it to a TTL and the XBee PRO 802 15 4 module which communicates and delivers the signal from the computer to the 44 receiver This is installed and connected to the PC via USB port and is controlled by the program The receiver on the other hand which is the XBee PRO 802 15 4 module the Arduino Zigbee Shield and the Arduno Mega 2560 receives the signal from the transmitter and passes it to the microcontroller The Arduino Zigbee Shield is the passage way for the signal to travel from the Zigbee Module to the Arduino Mega 2560 The Arduino Mega 2560 performs decoding of data transmitted to a functional form by the
85. tion of transmission between the controller and the scoreboard 52 USER INTERFACE PROGRAM EXECUTION TEST The program execution test is the test case analysis for the programs of the Visual C application of the software application The test aims to check the correctness of the execution of the program and discover if there are any unwanted errors or bugs between the expected output and the actual output of the programs The Program Execution test was done by following the possible test case conditions The steps are as follows 1 Do the specified condition presented in the test case table 2 If the test results to an expected output mark the record as passed else mark it as failed with the date on which it had failed 3 The results were then listed side by side with the expected output and judge if it is acceptable for the proposed application or not 4 After testing all of the program s test case conditions do the necessary debugging 5 Re do the routine to check if the other part of the program had an effect to the modification and 6 End the tests if all of the conditions have been finally met The test case like any programming tests is a trial and error procedure This is for the sake of ensuring that no bugs will be left behind and that the 53 debugging done on one part of the screen doesn t have any negative effect to the other and if it does then re do another debugging
86. tions cbShotClock Text strMaxTimeout openOptions cbTimeouts Text intQuarterMiliSecond 0 intQuarterTimerMin Convert ToInt32 IbITimerMinutes Text intQuarterTimerSec Convert ToInt32 lbITimerSeconds Text intShotClockTime Convert ToInt32 lblTimerSC Text intCurrentPeriod 01 intMaxPeriod Convert ToInt32 strMaxPeriod openOptions Dispose openOptions Close ButtonEnable private void ButtonEnable 1 Enable All Buttons btnHomeAdd1 Enabled true btnHomeAdd2 Enabled true btnHomeAdd3 Enabled true btnHomeSub1 Enabled true btnHomeFoulAdd Enabled true btnHomeFoulSub Enabled true btnHomeTimeoutAdd Enabled true btnHomeTimeoutSub Enabled true btnAwayAdd1 Enabled true btnAwayAdd2 Enabled true btnAwayAdd3 Enabled true 81 btnAwaySub1 Enabled true btnAwayFoulAdd Enabled true btnAwayFoulSub Enabled true btnAwayTimeoutAdd Enabled true btnAwayTimeoutSub Enabled true btnResetShotClock Enabled true btnPlay Enabled true btnStop Enabled true btnChangeTime Enabled true endregion region Menu Bar private void exitToolStripMenuItem Click object sender EventArgs serialPort1 Close Application Exit endregion region Method_ResetSC private void ResetSC intShotClockMili 9 IbITimerSC Text strShotClock intShotClockTime Convert ToInt32 strShotClock serialPort1 WriteLine C IbITimerSC Text
87. tware codes The IEEE 802 15 4 standard defines the MAC and PHY Layers The ZigBee Alliance defines the NHK and application layers and the equipment designer supplies the application codes The MAC and PHY Layers defined by the IEEE standard o Channel access is via CSMA with collision avoidance and optional time slotting o Three bands 27 channels specified e 2 4 GHz 16 channels 250 kbps 11 868 3 MHz 1 channel 20 kbps e 902 928 MHz 10 channels 40 kbps o Message acknowledgment and an optional beacon structure o Multi level security o Works well for selectable latency for controllers sensors remote monitoring and portable electronics o Configured for maximum battery life There are three types of Zigbee device configurations o Coordinator e Forms the root of the network tree and able to bridge to other network e Only one coordinator allowed per network e Most capable device o Router e Passes data from other devices o End Devices e Can only talk to parent node e Consume the least amount of power e Requires the least amount of memory e Cheapest to manufacture 12 Introduction to Touch Screen A touch screen is an electronic visual display that can detect the proximity of a touch inside of the display area The touch can be from a finger hand or other objects such as a stylus Touch screen can be found on most handheld devices like smartphones tablets and personal digital assistant PDA Two main attrib
88. ute of a touch screen o Directly interact on what is displayed Doesn t need any other device to interact with the screen Varieties of Touch Screen Technology o Resistive e Composed of two flexible sheets coated with a resistive material and separated by an air gap or microdots e itis extremely cost effective e itis vulnerable of being damaged by sharp objects e Works well with a stylus like object o Surface acoustic wave e uses ultrasonic waves that pass over the touchscreen panel can be damaged by outside elements e dirt or other contaminants can interfere the functionality 13 Capacitive e consists of an insulator such as glass coated with a transparent conductor such as indium tin oxide e touching the surface of the screen results in a distortion of the screen s electrostatic field measurable as a change in capacitance Need to use the tips of the finger to work properly o Infrared e uses array of X Y infrared LED and photodetector pairs around the edges of the screen to detect a disruption in the pattern of LED beams e can detect essentially any input including a finger gloved finger stylus or pen Our design uses a Resistive Touch Screen and that is way it felt a bit slow if the user uses only his finger A stylus like object must be use to properly operate our prototype 14 RELATED STUDIES There had been several previous studies written that delved on the use of wireless technology e
89. wcase the fully assembled prototype design Testing of the Prototype Testing includes various tests conducted to meet the specific objectives of the design To determine the efficiency and reliability of the design prototype several testing procedures must be done Three major tests should be conducted during the Testing Phase these are the Data Accuracy Test Range Test with Respect to Time and the User Interface Program Execution Test These tests measure the responsiveness of the prototype in accordance to the several scenarios set The test also determines the design efficiency in synchronization by a given distance with various interferences such as human bodies and 25 concretes and the effectiveness of the design for users based on the user interface The purpose of Data Accuracy Test is to determine if the design software is accurately executing the program and precisely sending the data by verifying if the received data in the scoreboard is the same with the data in the software and also to determine the accuracy of touch screen input device whenever a button is pressed The second test which is the Range Test intends to determine the maximum distance wherein the devices can wirelessly transmit and receive data and still be synchronized Formulating Conclusion and Recommendations The conclusion and recommendations are planned after the final examination and painstaking investigation and analysis of the system Conclusion respon
90. will 21 be a lot easier Touch screen was used because of the touch tap approach in accessing the objects and files Another innovation done by Mapuans dealing with touch screen is the On Screen Mouse Add on Frame Utilizing Array of Lasers with PS 2 Computer Interface by Divine Grace F Balang and Anselie D Magsino in 2010 Their design is an upgrade of a regular computer mouse It can do everything that a regular mouse can do like left lick double click right click and drag function but is controlled by pointing gestures like a touch screen The device is like an add on panel that can fit on 14 1 inches LCD screens By using this device regular LCDs screen turns into touch screen with mouse button functions It is done by using grids of X and Y lasers By disrupting the laser the coordinate of the mouse pointer is located in the screen A microcontroller unit process all the necessary operations from creation of coordinates to the management of the mouse circuit in the design 22 CHAPTER 3 DESIGN PROCEDURES This chapter gives the overview on how the step by step process used in the assembly and development of the design prototype This includes the hardware and the required software This section will briefly discuss the components and materials used an Start zd T Assembly of Hardware and Software Data Gathering and Research _ gt Related Literature Studies 4 Article

Portable Touch Screen PC-Based Basketball Scoreboard

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