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Oscilloscope HM303-6

1. VAR GAIN Fine adjustment of Y amplitude knob CH II Increases attenuation GD GD signal disconnected factor min by 2 5 left hand stop pushbutton switch from input Y amplifier grounded For amplitude measurement must be in CAL position right Connector for reference potential hand stop 4mm socket galvanically connected to earth TRIG MODE Trigger selector 62 INPUT CH II CH II signal input switch AC 10Hz 100MHz BNC socket Input impedance 1MQ Il 20pF AC DC LF TV DC DC 100MHz LF DC 1 5kHz AC DC Selects input coupling of the CH Il TV Triggering for frame andline pushbutton switch vertical amplifier Soecs see 29 Button released autom trig GD GD signal disconnected pushbutton trace visible without input signal pushbutton switch from input Y amplifier grounded switch Button depressed normal trig with LEVEL adjustment G9 INV Inversion of CH II display pushbutton switch In combination with ADD button AT NM and ALT pushbuttons difference CH I CH Il depressed Internal line triggering in combi TRIG EXT Input for external trigger signal nation with normal triggering BNC socket Pushbutton TRIG EXT depressed ALT Triggering alternates between COMP TESTER Switch to convert oscilloscope pushbutton switch CH I and CH Il in alternating DUAL Channel mode only pushbutton switch to component tester mode Release X MAG X10 pushbutton
2. 17 Component Tester Testing Semiconductors Most semiconductor devices such as diodes Z diodes transistors can be tested The test pattern displays vary according to the component type as shown in the figures below The main characteristic displayed during semiconductor testing isthe voltage dependent knee caused by the junction changing from the conducting state to the non conducting state It should be noted that both the forward and the reverse characteristic are displayed simultaneously This is a two terminal test therefore testing of transistor amplification is not possible but testing of a single junction is easily and quickly possible Since the test voltage applied is only very low all sections of most semiconductors can be tested without damage However checking the breakdown or reverse voltage of high voltage semiconductors is not possible More important is testing components for open or short circuit which from experience is most frequently needed Testing Diodes Diodes normally show at least their knee in the forward characteristic This is not valid for some high voltage diode types because they contain a series connection of several diodes Possibly only a small portion of the knee is visible Z diodes always show their forward knee and up to approx 9V their Z breakdown forms a second knee in the opposite direction A Z breakdown voltage of more than approx 9V can not be displayed Type
3. COMP TESTER 4mm sockets Connectors for test leads of the Component tester 09 HOLD OFF Controls holdoff time knob between sweeps Normal position full cew TIME DIV Selects time coefficients rotary switch speeds of time base from 0 2s div to 0 1us div 0 2Vpp test socket Calibrator square wave output 0 2V v Variable time base control center knob Variable adjustment of time base Decreases time deflection speed at least 2 5 fold For time measurements turn to right hand stop CALIBRATOR 1kHz 1MHz pushbutton switch Selects calibrator frequency Button released approx 1kH Button depressed approx 1MHz N Subject to change without notice 21 Short Instruction for HM303 6 Switching on and initial setting Connect instrument to power outlet depress red POWER button LED indicates operating condition Case chassis and all measuring terminals are connected to the safety earth conductor Safety Class 1 Do not depress any further button TRIG MODE selector switch to AC AT NM button released CH I input coupling switch to GD set TIME DIV switch to 50us div Adjust INTENS control for average brightness Center trace on screen using X POS and Y POS I controls Then focus trace using FOCUS control Vertical amplifier mode Channel CH I II DUAL and ADD pushbuttons in out position Channel Il CH I II pushbutton depressed Channel and Il
4. 1 m The variable controls for amplitude and time can be set arbitrarily in the modulation factor measurement Their position does not influence the result Triggering and time base Time related amplitude changes on a measuring signal AC voltage are displayable in Yt mode In this mode the signal voltage deflects the beam in vertical direction while the time base generator moves the beam from the left to the right of the screen time deflection Normally there are periodically repeating waveforms to be displayed Therefore the time base must repeat the time deflection periodically too To produce a stationary display the time base must only be triggered if the signal height and slope condition coincide with the former time base start conditions A DC voltage signal can not be triggered as it is a constant signal with no slope Triggering can be performed by the measuring signal itself internal triggering or by an external supplied but synchronous voltage external triggering The trigger voltage should have a certain minimum amplitude This value is called the trigger threshold It is measured with a sine signal When the trigger voltage is taken internally from the test signal the trigger threshold can be stated as vertical display height in div through which the time base generator starts the display is stable and the trigger LED lights The internal trigger threshold of the HM303 6 is given as 0 5div When the tri
5. 1010 1 In order to maintain this condition and to ensure safe operation the user is required to observe the warnings and other directions for use in this manual Housing chassis as well as all measu ring terminals are connected to safety ground of the mains All accessible metal parts were tested against the mains with 200 Vo The instrument conforms to safety class The oscilloscope may only be operated from mains outlets with a safety ground connector The plug has to be installed prior to con necting any signals It is prohibited to separate the safety ground connection Most electron tubes generate X rays the ion dose rate of this instrument remains well below the 36 pA kg permitted by law In case safe operation may not be guaranteed do not use the in strument any more and lock it away in a secure place Safe operation may be endangered if any of the following was noticed incase of visible damage incase loose parts were noticed if it does not function any more after prolonged storage under unfavourable conditions e g like in the open or in moist atmosphere after any improper transport e g insufficient packing not conforming to the minimum standards of post rail or transport company Proper operation Please note This instrument is only destined for use by personnel well instructed and familiar with the dangers of electrical mea sur
6. DC Trigger range DC to 100MHz DC triggering is recommended if the signalis to be triggered with quite slow processes or if pulse signals with constantly changing pulse duty factors have to be displayed With DC or LF trigger coupling always work with normal triggering and LEVEL adjustment LF Trigger range DC to 1 5kHz low pass filter The LF position is often more suited for low frequency signals than the DC position because the white noise in the trigger voltage is strongly suppressed So jitter or double triggering of complex signals is avoidable or at least reduced in particular with very low input voltages The trigger threshold increases above 1 5kHz TV The built in active TV Sync Separator enables the separation of sync pulses from the video signal Even distorted video signals are triggered and displayed in a stable manner Video signals are triggered in the automatic mode The internal triggering is virtually independent of the display height but the sync pulse must exceed 0 5div height For TV sync pulse separation the TRIG MODE switch must be set to TV The TIME DIV switch selects between field 0 2s div 1ms div and line 0 5ms div 0 1ps div The slope of the leading edge of the synchronization pulse is critical for the SLOPE pushbutton setting If the displayed sync pulses are above the picture field contents then the SLOPE pushbutton X must be in position out In the case of sync puls
7. 1 4x10 0 25ms div min time coefficient Tc 1 10 103 0 1ms div set time coefficient Tc 0 2ms div required wavelength L 1 109x0 2x10 Displayed wavelength L 0 8div set time coefficient Tc 0 5us div pressed X MAG x10 button 0 05us div required rec freq F 1 0 8 0 05 10 25MHz required period 1 25 10 40ns If the time is relatively short as compared with the complete signal period an expanded time scale should always be applied X MAG x10 button pressed In this case the ascertained time values have to be divided by 10 The time interval of interest can be shifted to the screen center using the X POS control Subject to change without notice 9 Type of signal voltage When investigating pulse or square waveforms the critical feature is the risetime of the voltage step To ensure that transients ramp offs andbandwidth limits do not unduly influence the measuring accuracy the risetime is generally measured between 10 and 90 of the vertical pulse height For measurement adjust the Y attenuator switch with its variable control together with the Y POS control so that the pulse height is precisely aligned with the 0 and 100 lines of the internal graticule The 10 and 90 points of the signal will now coincide with the 10 and 90 graticule lines The risetime is given by the product of the horizontal distance in div between these two coincidence
8. 50 MHz pos and neg Horizontal Deflection Time Base Accuracy Variabel uncalibrated X Magnification x 10 Accuracy Hold Off Time XY Bandwidth X Amplifier XY Phase shift 3 0 2 s div 0 1 us div 1 2 5 Sequence 3 2 5 1 to gt 0 5 s div up to 10ns div 5 variable to approx 10 1 0 2 5 MHz 3 dB 120 kHz Component Tester Test Voltage Test Current Test Frequency Test Connection approx 7V ms open circuit max 7 short circuit approx 50 Hz 2 banana jacks 4mm One test circuit lead is grounded via protective earth Miscellaneous CRT Acceleration Voltage Trace Rotation D14 3636Y 8 x 10cm with internal graticule approx 2kV adjustable on front panel Calibrator Signal Square Wave 0 2 V 1 1 kHz 1 MHz tr lt 4 ns Power Supply Mains Power Consumption Ambient temperature Safety class Weight Dimensions W x H x D 105 253V 50 60 Hz 1096 CAT II approx 36 Watt at 230 V 50 Hz 0 C 40 C Safety class EN61010 1 approx 5 4 kg 285 x 125 x 380mm Accessories supplied ine Cord operator s manual 2 Probes 1 1 10 1 HZ154 www hameg com HM303 6E 260107 ce Subject to alterations HAMEG Instruments GmbH Registered Trademark DQS certified in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9001 2000 Reg No DE 071040 QM HAMEG Instruments GmbH Industriestr 6 D 63533 Mainhausen Tel 49 0
9. 6182 8000 Fax 49 0 6182 800 100 www hameg com info hameg com Subject to change without notice General information Please check the instrument for mechanical damage or loose parts immediately after unpacking In case of damage we advise to contact the sender Do not operate High voltage Ground List of symbols used A Consult the manual Er Important note Positioning the instrument As can be seen from the figures the handle can be set into diffe rent positions A carrying B handle removal and horizontal carrying C horizontal operating D and E operating at different angles F handle removal T shipping handle unlocked Attention When changing the handle position the instru ment must be placed so that it can not fall e g placed on a table Then the handle locking knobs must be simultaneously pulled outwards and rotated to the required position Without pulling the locking knobs they will latch in into the next locking position Handle mounting dismounting The handle can be removed by pulling it out further depending on the instrument model in position B or F Safety The instrument fulfils the VDE 0411 part 1 regulations for electrical measuring control and laboratory instruments and was manufactured and tested accordingly It left the factory in perfect safe condition Hence it also corresponds to European Standard EN 61010 1 resp International Standard
10. Normal Diode Highvolt Diode Z Diode 6 8V Terminals Cathode Anode Cathode Anode Cathode Anode Connections CT GD CT GD CT GD The polarity of an unknown diode can be identified by comparison with a known diode Testing Transistors Three differenttests can be made to transistors base emitter base collector and emitter collector The resulting test patterns are shown below The basic equivalent circuit of a transistor is a Z diode between base and emitter and a normal diode with reverse polarity between base and collector in series connection There are three different test patterns N P N Transistor Terminals B E B C E C Connections CT GD P N P Transistor Terminals B E B C E C Connections CT GD CT GD CT GD 18 For a transistor the figures b e and b c are important The figure e c can vary but a vertical line only shows short circuit condition These transistor test patterns are valid in most cases but there are exceptions e g Darlington FETs With the COMP TESTER the distinction between a P N P and an N P N transistor is discernible In case of doubt comparison with a known type is helpful It should be noted that the same socket connection COMP TESTER or ground for the same terminal is then absolutely necessary A connection inversion effects a rotation of the test pattern by 180 degrees round about the center point of the scope graticule Pay attention to the usual cauti
11. e g when the test signal is unknown relating to amplitude frequency or shape Presenting of all parameters is now possible with automatic triggering the change to normal triggering can follow thereafter The automatic triggering works above 20Hz The failure of automatic triggering at frequencies below 20Hz is abrupt However it is not signified by the trigger indicator LED this is still blinking Break down of triggering is best recognizable at the left screen edge the start of the trace in differing display height The automatic peak value triggering operates over all variations or fluctuations of the test signal above 20Hz However if the pulse duty factor of a square wave signal exceeds a ratio of 100 1 switching over to normal triggering will be necessary Automatic triggering is practicable with internal and external trigger voltage Normal Triggering With normal triggering AT NM button depressed the sweep can be started by AC signals within the frequency range defined by the TRIG MODE trigger coupling setting In the absence of an adequate trigger signal or when the trigger controls particularly the LEVEL control are misadjusted no trace Is visible i e the screen blanked completely When using the internal normal triggering mode it is possible to trigger at any amplitude point of a signal edge even with very complex signal shapes by adjusting the LEVEL control Its adjusting range is directly dependent on th
12. where UT unmodulated carrier amplitude Q 2nF angular carrier frequency 0 2nf modulation angular frequency m modulation factor i a 1 10096 The lower side frequency F f and the upper side frequency F f arise because of the modulation apart from the carrier frequency F Figure 1 ey 0 5m U 0 5m U F f F Fef Amplitude and frequency spectrum for AM display m 50 The display of the amplitude modulated HF oscillation can be evaluated with the oscilloscope provided the frequency spectrum is inside the oscilloscope bandwidth The time base is set so that several cycles of the modulation frequency are visible Strictly speaking triggering should be external with modulation frequency from the AF generator or a demodulator However internal triggering is frequently possible with normal triggering AT NM button depressed using a suitable LEVEL setting and possibly also using the time variable adjustment Oscilloscope setting for a signal according to figure 2 Depress no buttons Y CHI 20mV div AC TIME DIV 0 2ms div Triggering NM NORMAL with LEVEL setting internal or external triggering Figure 2 Amplitude modulated oscillation 1 MHz f 1 kHz m 50 UT 28 3 MV If the two values a and b are read from the screen the modulation factor is calculated from a b a b resp m gig 100 76 where 14m and b U
13. Analog mode provides unexcelled signal presentation at high resolution and up to 500 000 signal displays sec Yt XY and component test modes Full screen display of 35 MHz sine wave signal Subject to change without notice 4 Specifications 35 MHz Analog Oscilloscope HM303 6 Valid at 23 C after a 30 minute warm up period Vertical Deflection Operating Modes Invert XY Mode Bandwidth Rise Time Overshoot Deflection Coefficients 1 mV div 2 mV div 5 mV div 20 V div Variable uncalibrated Input Impedance Input Coupling Max Input Voltage Triggering Automatic Peak to Peak Normal with Level Control Trigger Indicator Slope Sources Coupling Trigger Indicator External Trigger Signal Active TV sync separator Channel or Il only Channels and Il alternate or chopped Sum or Difference of CH and CH II CH II via CH I X and CH II Y 2 x 0 to 35 MHz 3 dB lt 10ns max 1 1 2 5 Sequence 5 Bandwidth 0 10 MHz 3 4 3 Bandwidth 0 35 MHz 3 dB gt 2 5 1 to gt 50V div II 20 pF DC AC GND ground 400 V DC peak 20 Hz 50 MHz gt 5mm 50 MHz 100 MHz gt 8 mm 0 50 2 2 5mm 50 MHz 100 MHz gt 8mm LED positive or negative Channel or Il CH CH Il alternate gt 8mm Line and External AC 10 Hz 100 MHz DC 0 100 MHz LF 0 4 5 kHz LED 2 0 3 Vpp 30Hz
14. cases the coupling into the oscilloscope takes place via the device under test mains line supply test leads control cables and or radiation The device under test as well as the oscilloscope may be effected by such fields Although the interior of the oscilloscope is screened by the cabinet direct radiation can occur via the CRT gap As the bandwidth of each amplifier stage is higher than the total 3dB bandwidth of the oscilloscope the influence RF fields of even higher frequencies may be noticeable 4 2 Electrical fast transients electrostatic discharge Electrical fast transient signals burst may be coupled into the oscilloscope directly via the mains line supply or indirectly via test leads and or control cables Due to the high trigger and input sensitivity of the oscilloscopes such normally high signals may effect the trigger unit and or may become visible on the CRT which is unavoidable These effects can also be caused by direct or indirect electrostatic discharge HAMEG Instruments GmbH Subject to change without notice 3 HM303 6 35 MHz Analog Oscilloscope HM303 6 Maximum signal fidelity with minimum overshoot No signal distortion resulting from overshoot 2 Channels with deflection coefficients of 1mV 20V cm Low Noise Amplifiers Time Base 0 2 s 100 ns cm with X Magnification to 10 ns cm Triggering from 0 to 50 MHz from 5mm signal level 100 MHz gt 8mm Line triggered composite video signal
15. pulse edge as the test signal This can be checked if the external trigger voltage itself is displayed first with internal triggering In most cases the composite video signal has a high DC content With constant video information e g test pattern or color bar generator the DC content can be suppressed easily by AC input coupling of the oscilloscope amplifier With a changing picture content e g normal program DC input coupling is recommended because the display varies its vertical position on screen with AC input coupling at each change of the picture content The DC content can be compensated using the Y POS control so that the signal display lies in the graticule area Then the composite video signal should not exceed a vertical height of 6div Line triggering A voltage originating from mains line 50 to 60Hz is used for triggering purposes if the AT NM and ALT pushbuttons are depressed symbol When the AT NM pushbutton is depressed the instrument is automatically set to normal triggering This trigger mode is independent of amplitude and frequency of the Y signal and is recommended for all mains line synchronous signals This also applies within certain limits to whole number multiples or fractions of the line frequency Line triggering can also be useful to display signals below the trigger threshold less than O 5div It is therefore particularly suitable for measuring small ripple voltages of mains line rec
16. resistance from 20Q to 4 7kQ can be approximately evaluated The determination of actual values will come with experience or by direct comparison with a component of a known value Testing Capacitors and Inductors Capacitors and inductors cause a phase difference between current and voltage and therefore between the X and Y deflection giving an ellipse shaped display The position and opening width of the ellipse will vary according to the impedance value at 50Hz of the component under test A horizontal ellipse indicates a high impedance or a relatively small capacitance or a relatively high inductance A vertical ellipse indicates a small impedance or a relatively large capacitance or a relatively small inductance A sloping ellipse means that the component has a considerable ohmic resistance in addition to its reac tance The values of capacitance of normal or electrolytic capacitors from 0 1pF to 1000pF can be displayed and approximate values obtained More precise measurement can be obtained in a smaller range by comparing the capacitor under test with a capacitor of known value Inductive components coils transformers can also be tested The determination of the value ofinductance needs some experience because inductors have usually a higher ohmic series resistance However the impedance value at 50Hz of an inductor in the range from 20Q to 4 7kQ can easily be obtained or compared Subject to change without notice
17. then be operated The button CH I II TRIG I II must be depressed in mono mode for Channel Il The internal triggering is simultaneously switched over to Channel Il with this button If the DUAL button is depressed both channels are working Two signals can be displayed together in this button position alternate mode if the time base setting and the repetition frequency of the signal are suited This mode is not suitable for displaying very slow running processes The display then flickers too much or it appears to jump If the ADD button is depressed in addition to DUAL both channels are switched over constantly at a high frequency within a sweep period CHOP mode Low frequency signals below 1kHz or with periods longer than 1ms are then also displayed without flicker CHOP mode is not recommended for signals with higher repetition frequencies If only the ADD button is depressed the signals of both channels are algebraically added 1 11 Whether the resulting 12 SS 5 e E EF eC _ F cc c coeee se 5 KT Subject to change without notice Operating modes of the vertical amplifiers display shows the sum or difference is dependent on the phase relationship or the polarity of the signals and on the positions of the INV invert button In phase input voltages INV button released sum INV button depressed difference Antiphase input voltages INV button released difference INV butt
18. tools etc Environment of use The oscilloscope is destined for operation in industrial business manufacturing and living sites Environmental conditions Operating ambient temperature 0 to 40 degrees C During trans port or storage the temperature may be 20 to 55 degrees Please note that after exposure to such temperatures or in case of condensation proper time must be allowed until the instrument has reached the permissible range of 0 to 40 degrees resp until the condensation has evaporated before it may be turned on Ordinarily this will be the case after 2 hours The oscilloscope is destined for use in clean and dry environments Do not operate in dusty or chemically aggressive atmosphere or if there is danger of explosion The operating position may be any however sufficient ventilation must be ensured convection cooling Prolonged operation requires the horizontal or inclined position Do not obstruct the ventilation holes Specifications are valid after a 20 minute warm up period between 15 and 30 degr C Specifications without tolerances are average values Warranty and repair HAMEG instruments are subjected to a rigorous quality control Prior to shipment each instrument will be burnt in for 10 hours Intermittent operation will produce nearly all early failures After burn in a final functional and quality test is performed to check all operating modes and fulfilment of specifications The l
19. voltage in Vpp at the vertical input D deflection coefficient in V div at attenuator switch the required value can be calculated from the two given quantities U _U H 5 H However these three values are not freely selectable They have to be within the following limits trigger threshold accuracy of reading U D H H between 0 5 and 8div if possible 3 2 to 8div U between 0 5mVpp and 160Vpp D between 1mV div and 20V div in 1 2 5 sequence Examples Set deflection coefficient D 50mV div 0 05V div observed display height H 4 6div required voltage U 0 05 4 6 0 23Vpp Input voltage U 5Vpp set deflection coefficient D 1V div required display height 5 1 Signal voltage U 230Vrms 2V2 651Vpp voltage gt 160Vpp with probe 10 1 U 65 1Vpp desired display height min 3 2div max 8div max deflection coefficient D 65 1 3 2 20 3V div min deflection coefficient D 65 1 8 8 1V div adjusted deflection coefficient D 10V div The input voltage must not exceed 400V independent from the polarity If an AC voltage which is superimposed on a DC voltage is applied the maximum peak value of both voltages must not exceed or 400V So for AC voltages with a mean value of zero volt the maximum peak to peak value is 800Vpp If attenuator probes with higher limits are used the probes limits are valid only if the oscilloscope is set to DC input coupling 8 C Subj
20. DUAL pushbutton depressed Alternate channel switching ADD CHOP pushbutton in out position Signals lt 1kHz or time coefficient 31ms div DUAL and ADD CHOP buttons depressed Channel IIl sum depress only ADD button Channel I II difference depress ADD and INV pushbuttons Triggering mode Select trigger mode with AT NM pushbutton AT Automatic Peak value Triggering 20Hz to 60MHz out position NM Normal Triggering depressed Trigger edge direction select slope with SLOPE X pushbutton Internal triggering select channel with TRIG I II CH 1 11 pushbutton Alternating triggering internal DUAL and ALT pushbuttons depressed ADD CHOP pushbutton in the out position External triggering TRIG EXT pushbutton depressed sync signal 0 3V to to TRIG EXT socket Line triggering normal triggering AT NM and ALT pushbuttons depressed Select trigger coupling with TRIG MODE selector switch Trigger frequency ranges AC gt 20Hz to 100MHz DC DC to 100MHz LF DC to 1 5kHz TV Composite video signal with line or horizontal frequency TIME DIV 0 2s div 1ms div field frequency TIME DIV 0 5ms div 0 1us div line frequency Select edge direction with SLOPE X pushbutton sync pulse above below V Pay attention to trigger indicator TR LED above the SLOPE pushbutton Measurements Apply test signal to the vertical input connectors of CH I and or CH II Before use calibrate attenuato
21. HAMEL Instruments Oscilloscope HM303 6 Manual English Contents General information regarding the CE marking 3 General Information essere 6 E 6 General Information 6 Use of tilt handle i eret certc ee 6 Sal ely ady 6 Intended purpose and operating conditions 6 WATTINVisi EE 7 Maintenance ue ete ete e edet ae en 7 Protective Switeh OTf iii eerte nan 7 Power SUDDIY E ES 7 Type of signal voltage ii 8 Amplitude Measurements 8 Voltage values of a sine curve 8 Total value of input voltage 9 Time MeasutEemieritS cete eterni 9 Connection of Test 1 10 First Time 2 2 2 2 2 24 2 11 Trace ROTATION IR bri atr e eee Er etae rent 11 Probe compensation and use 11 Adjustmentiat 11 Adjustment at TMH Z 12 Operating modes of the vertical amplifiers XY OperatlOb zs i irachena Phase comparison with Lissajous figures 13 Phase difference measurement 13 Oscilloscope HM 303 6 in DUAL mode ettet east tg dent 13 Phase difference measurement in DUAL mode 14 Mea
22. I display 9 SLOPE Selects the slope of the trigger signal CH I II TRIG 1 11 pushbutton switch mode No button depressed CH only and triggering from channel When depressed channel Il only and triggering from channel Il Trigger selection in DUAL 20 Subject to change without notice Front Panel Elements HM 303 6 Brief Description Front View Element Function Element Function DUAL Button released XY Selects X Y operation one channel only pushbutton switch stops sweep pushbutton Button depressed channel X signal via CH switch and channel Il in alternating Attention mode Phosphor burn in without signal CHOP DUAL andADDbuttonsdepressed 0 TRIG EXT Button released internal trig CH l and CH Il in chopped mode pushbutton switch Button depressed external triggering trigger signal via TRIG EXT BNC socket ADD ADD depressed only pushbutton switch algebr addition In combination with INV difference VOLTS DIV 12 position rotary switch Channel Il input attenuator Selects Y input sensitivity in mV div or V div in 1 2 5 sequence INPUT CH I Channel signal input and input BNC socket for horizontal deflection in X Y mode Input impedance 1MQ Il 20pF AC DC Selects input coupling of CH pushbutton switch vertical amplifier DC direct coupling AC coupling via capacitor
23. Mainhausen Angewendete harmonisierte Normen Harmonized standards applied Normes harmonis es utilis es Sicherheit Safety S curit EN 61010 1 1993 IEC CEI 1010 1 1990 A 1 1992 VDE 0411 1994 Hersteller Manufacturer Fabricant Die HAMEG GmbH bescheinigt die Konformit t f r das Produkt The HAMEG GmbH herewith declares conformity of the product HAMEG GmbH d clare la conformite du produit EN 61010 1 A2 1995 IEC 1010 1 A2 1995 VDE 0411 Teil 1 A1 1996 05 Uberspannungskategorie Overvoltage category Cat gorie de surtension Il Verschmutzungsgrad Degree of pollution Degr de pollution 2 Elektromagnetische Vertraglichkeit Electromagnetic compatibility Compatibilit lectromagn tique Bezeichnung Product name Designation Oszilloskop Oscilloscope Oscilloscope EN 61326 1 A1 St raussendung Radiation Emission Tabelle table tableau 4 Klasse Class Classe B St rfestigkeit Immunity Imunitee Tabelle table tableau 1 Typ Type Type HM303 6 mit with avec EN 61000 3 2 A14 Oberschwingungsstr me Harmonic current emissions Emissions de courant harmoni que Klasse Class Classe D Optionen Options Options mit den folgenden Bestimmungen with applicable regulations avec les directives suivantes EN 61000 3 3 Spannungsschwankungen Flicker Voltage fluctuations and flicker Richtlinie 89 336 EWG erg nzt durch 91 263 EWG 92 31 EWG F
24. POWER Turns scope on and off SLOPE rising edge pushbutton LED LED indicates operating pushbutton switch falling edge condition INTENS knob Intensity control for trace brightness TRACE ROTATION potentiometer adjustment with screwdriver To align trace with horizontal graticule line Compensates influence of earth s magnetic field TR LED lights if sweep is triggered LED LEVEL Adjustment of trigger level knob 3 X POS Controls horizontal knob position of trace 3 X MAG x10 pushbutton switch 10 1 expansion in the X direction Max resolution 10ns div inoperative in XY mode FOCUS Focus control for knob trace sharpness S Y POS Controls vertical position knob of channel display Inoperative in X Y mode Y x5 When depressed increasing of pushbutton switch Y sensitivity CH I 5 fold max 1mV div VOLTS DIV 12 position rotary switch Channel input attenuator Selects Y input sensitivity in mV div or V div in 1 2 5 sequence Y MAG x5 pushbutton switch When depressed increasing of Y sensitivity CH II 5 fold max 1mV div 9 VAR GAIN knob Fine adjustment of Y amplitude CHI Increases attenuation factor min by 2 5 left hand stop For amplitude measurement must be in CAL position right hand stop Y POS Il Controls vertical position knob of channel I
25. a frequencies The indication pulses are of only 100ms duration Thus for fast signals the TR LED appears to glow continuously for low repetition rate signals the LED flashes at the repetition rate or at a display of several signal periods not only at the start of the sweep at the left screen edge but also at each signa period In automatic triggering mode the sweep generator starts repeatedly without test signal or external trigger voltage If the trigger signal frequency is 20Hz the sweep generator starts without awaiting the trigger pulse This causes an untriggered display and a flashing trigger LED TR Holdoff time adjustment If itis found that a trigger point cannot be located on extremely complex signals even after repeated and careful adjustment of the LEVEL control a stable display may be obtained using the HOLDOFF control This facility varies the hold off time between two sweep periods approx up to the ratio 10 1 Pulses or other signal waveforms appearing during this off period cannot trigger the time base Particularly with burst signals or aperiodic pulse trains of the same amplitude the start of the sweep can be delayed until the optimum or required moment A very noisy signalora signal with a higher interfering frequency isattimes displayed double Itis possible that LEVEL adjustment only controls the mutual phase shift but not the double display The stable single display of the signal required for evaluation
26. ably changed with these probe types and the waveform reproduction fidelity can even be improved because the probe can be matched to the oscilloscopes individual pulse response If a x10 or x100 attenuator probe is used DC input coupling must always be used at voltages above 400V With AC coupling of low frequency signals the attenuation is no longer independent of frequency pulses can show pulse tilts Direct voltages are suppressed but load the oscilloscope input coupling capacitor concerned Its voltage rating is max 400V DC peak AC DC input coupling is therefore of quite special importance with a x100 attenuation probe which usually has a voltage rating of max 1200 V DC peak AC A capacitor of corresponding capacitance and voltage rating may be connected in series with the attenuator probe input for blocking DC voltage e g for hum voltage measurement With all attenuator probes the maximum AC input voltage must be derated with frequency usually above 20kHz Therefore the derating curve of the attenuator probe type concerned must be taken into account The selection of the ground point on the test object is important when displaying small signal voltages It should always be as close as possible to the measuring point If this is not done serious signal distortion may result from spurious currents through the ground leads or chassis parts The ground leads on attenuator probes are also particularly critical They should be a
27. ads or lags the reference voltage A CR network before the test voltage input of the oscilloscope can help here The 1 MQ input resistance can equally serve as R here so that only a suitable capacitor C needs to be connected in series If the aperture width of the ellipse is increased compared with C short circuited then the test voltage leads the reference voltage and vice versa This applies only in the region up to 90 phase shift Therefore C should be sufficiently large and produce only a relatively small just observable phase shift Should both input voltages be missing or fail in the X Y mode a very bright light dot is displayed on the screen This dot can burn into the phosphor at a too high brightness setting INTENS knob which causes either a lasting loss of brightness or in the extreme case complete destruction of the phosphor at this point Phase difference measurement in DUAL mode A larger phase difference between two input signals of the same frequency and shape can be measured very simply on the screen in Dual mode DUAL button depressed The time base should be triggered by the reference signal phase position 0 The other signal can then have a leading or lagging phase angle Alternate mode should be selected for frequencies 21 kHz the Chop mode is more suitable for frequencies 1 kHz less flickering For greatest accuracy adjust not much more than one period and approximately the same height of both signal
28. at tops may be sloping with AC coupling of the vertical amplifier AC limit frequency approx 1 6 Hz for 3dB In this case DC operation is preferred provided the signal voltage is not superimposed ona too high DC level Otherwise a capacitor of adequate capacitance must be connected to the input of the vertical amplifier with DC coupling This capacitor must have a sufficiently high breakdown voltage rating DC coupling is also recommended for the display of logic and pulse signals especially if the pulse duty factor changes constantly Otherwise the display will move upwards or downwards at each change Pure direct voltages can only be measured with DC coupling Amplitude Measurements In general electrical engineering alternating voltage data normally refers to effective values rms root mean square value However for signal magnitudes and voltage designations in oscilloscope measurements the peak to peak voltage Vpp value is applied The latter corresponds to the real potential difference between the most positive and most negative points of a signal waveform If a sinusoidal waveform displayed on the oscilloscope screen is to be converted into an effective rms value the resulting peak to peak value must be divided by 2 2 2 83 Conversely it should be observed that sinusoidal voltages indicated in Vrms Veff have 2 83 times the potential difference in V The relationship between the different voltage magnitudes can be s
29. atter is performed with test equipment traceable to national measurement standards Statutory warranty regulations apply in the country where the HAMEG product was purchased In case of complaints please contact the dealer who supplied your HAMEG product Maintenance Clean the outer shell using a dust brush in regular intervals Dirt can be removed from housing handle all metal and plastic parts using cloth moistened with water and 1 detergent Greasy dirt may be removed with benzene petroleum ether or alcohol there after wipe the surfaces with a dry cloth Plastic parts should be treated with an antistatic solution destined for such parts No fluid may enter the instrument Do not use other cleansing agents as they may adversely affect the plastic or lacquered surfaces Line voltage The instrument has a wide range power supply from 105 to 253 V 50 or 60 Hz 10 There is hence no line voltage selector The line fuse is accessible on the rear panel and part of the line input connector Prior to exchanging a fuse the line cord must be pulled out Exchange is only allowed if the fuse holder is undamaged it can be taken out using a screwdriver put into the slot The fuse can be pushed out of its holder and exchanged The holder with the new fuse can then be pushed back in place against the spring It is prohibited to repair blown fuses or to bridge the fuse Any damages incurred by such measures will void the warranty Typ
30. aveform distortion can not be entirely excluded The adjustment sequence must be followed in the order described i e first at 1kHz then at 1MHz The calibrator frequencies should not be used for time base calibration The pulse duty cycle deviates from 1 1 ratio Prerequisites for precise and easy probe adjustments as well as checks of deflection coefficients are straight horizontal pulse tops calibrated pulse amplitude and zero potential at the pulse base Frequency and duty cycle are relatively uncritical For interpretation of transient response fast pulse risetimes and low impedance generator outputs are of particular importance Providing these essential features as well as switch selectable output frequencies the calibrator of the HM303 6 can under certain conditions replace expensive squarewave generators when testing or compensating wideband attenuators or amplifiers In such a case the input of an appropriate circuit will be connected to the CALIBRATOR output via a suitable probe The voltage provided at a high impedance input 1MQ II 15 30pF will correspond to the division ratio of the probe used x10 20mVpp Suitable probes are HZ51 52 and 54 Operating modes of the vertical amplifiers The vertical amplifier is set to the desired operating mode by using the 3 pushbuttons CH I II DUAL and ADD underneath the attenuator switches For Mono mode all 3 buttons must be in their released positions only channel can
31. ce input of the oscilloscope When using attenuators probes even high internal impedance sources are only slightly loaded approx 10 1 16pF or 100M2 Il 9pF with HZ53 Therefore ifthe voltage loss due to the attenuation of the probe be compensated by a higher amplitude setting the probe should always be used The series impedance of the probe provides a certain amount of protection for the input of the vertical amplifier Because of their separate manufacture all attenuator probes are only partially compensated therefore accurate compensation must be performed on the oscilloscope see Probe compensation Standard attenuator probes on the oscilloscope normally reduce its bandwidth and increase the rise time In all cases where the oscilloscope bandwidth must be fully utilized e g for pulses with steep edges we strongly advise using the probes HZ51 x10 HZ52 x10 HF and HZ54 x1 and x10 This can save the purchase of an oscilloscope with larger bandwidth and has the advantage that defective components can be ordered from HAMEG and replaced by oneself The probes mentioned have a HF calibration in addition to low frequency calibration adjustment Thus a group delay correction to the 10 C ol Subject to change without notice First Time Operation upper limit frequency of the oscilloscope is possible with the aid of an 1MHz calibrator e g HZ60 In fact the bandwidth and rise time of the oscilloscope are not notice
32. d with single components In case of doubt one component terminal may be unsoldered This terminal should then be connected to the insulated COMP TESTER socket avoiding hum distortion of the test pattern Another way is a test pattern comparison to an identical circuit which is known to be operational likewise without power and any external connections Using the test prods identical test points in each circuit can be checked and a defect can be determined quickly and easily Possibly the device itself under test contains a reference circuit e g a second stereo channel push pull amplifier symmetrical bridge circuit which is not defective Subject to change without notice 19 Front Panel Elements HM 303 6 Brief Description Front View CALIBRATOR 1kHz a 1MHz COMP TESTER ON OFF VOLTS DIV 5612 0 20 5 400Vp 1 20pF INPUT CHI INP X AC m DC k GD bll eei HAMEL Instruments 35MHz ANALOG OSCILLOSCOPE HM303 6 LEVEL TRACE ROTATION IY POS II R Y MAG 5 SLOPE A VOLTS DIV TIME DIV 5 2 TRIG MODE FEE 2 eil a ac 2 20 11 5 10 10 ALT m 20 50 LF TV VAR HOLD 2 5 1 OFF DE M cp DUAL INPUT CHII I 400Vp 1 01 20 8 940 6 90 93 Ad dd D Element Function Element Function
33. e display height which should be at least 0 5div If it is smaller than 1div the LEVEL adjustment needs to be operated with a sensitive touch In the external normal triggering mode the same applies to approx 0 3Vpp external trigger voltage amplitude Other measures for triggering of very complex signals are the use of the time base variable controland HOLDOFF time control hereinafter mentioned Slope The time base generator can be started by a rising or falling edge of the test signal This is valid with automatic and with normal triggering The selected slope is set with the SLOPE X pushbutton The sign button released means an edge which is coming from a negative potential and rising to a positive potential That has nothing to do with zero or ground potential and absolute voltage values The positive slope may also lie ina negative part of a signal A falling edge sign triggers when the SLOPE pushbutton is depressed However the trigger point may be varied within certain limits on the chosen edge using the LEVEL control The slope direction is always related to the input signal and the non inverted display Trigger coupling The coupling mode and accordingly the frequency range of the trigger signal can be changed using the TRIG MODE selector switch AC Trigger range lt 20Hz to 100MHz This is the most frequently used trigger mode The trigger threshold is increasing below 20Hz and above 100MHz
34. e of fuse Size 5 x 20 mm 250V C IEC 127 BI Ill DIN 41 662 or DIN 41 571 BI 3 Cut off slow blow T 0 8A Subject to change without notice Type of signal voltage Type of signal voltage With the HM303 6 most repetitive signals in the frequency range up to at least 35MHz 3dB can be examined Sinewave signals of 50MHz are displayed with a height of approx 50 6dB However when examining square or pulse type waveforms attention must be paid to the harmonic content of such signals The repetition frequency fundamen tal frequency of the signal must therefore be significantly smaller than the upper limit frequency of the vertical amplifier Displaying composite signals can be difficult especially if they contain no repetitive higher amplitude content which can be used for triggering This is the case with bursts for instance To obtain a well triggered display in this case the assistance of the variable holdoff and or variable time control may be required Television video signals are relatively easy to trigger using the built in TV Sync Separator TV For optional operation as a DC or AC voltage amplifier the vertical amplifier input is provided with a DC AC switch The DC position should only be used with a series connected attenuator probe or at very low frequencies or if the measurement of the DC voltage content of the signal is absolutely necessary When displaying very low frequency pulses the fl
35. ect to change without notice Type of signal voltage f DC voltages are applied under AC input coupling conditions the oscilloscope maximum input voltage value remains 400V The attenuator consists of a resistor in the probe and the 1MQ input resistor of the oscilloscope which are disabled by the AC input coupling capacity when AC coupling is selected This also applies to DC voltages with superimposed AC voltages It also must be noted that due to the capacitive resistance of the AC input coupling capacitor the attenuation ratio depends on the signal frequency For sinewave signals with frequencies higher than 40Hz this influence is negligible nthe GD ground coupling setting the signal path is interrupted directly beyond the input This causes the attenuator to be disabled again but now for both DC and AC voltages With the above listed exceptions HAMEG 10 1 probes can be used for DC measurements up to 600V or AC voltages with a mean value of zero volt of 1200Vpp The 100 1 probe HZ53 allows for 1200V DC or 2400Vpp for AC It should be noted that its ACpeak value is derated at higher frequencies If a normal x10 probe is used to measure high voltages there is the risk that the compensation trimmer bridging the attenuator series resistor will break down causing damage to the input of the oscilloscope However if for example only the residual ripple of a high voltage is to be displayed on the oscilloscope a normal x10 probe
36. ectly to the Y input of the oscilloscope with a shielded test cable such as HZ 32 or HZ 34 or reduced through a x10 or x100 attenuator probe The use of test cables with high impedance circuits is only recommended for relatively low frequencies up to approx 50kHz For higher frequencies the signal source must be of low impedance i e matched to the characteristic resistance of the cable as a rule 500 Especially when transmitting square and pulse signals a resistor equal to the characteristic impedance of the cable must also be connected across the cable directly at the Y input of the oscilloscope When using a 50Q cable such as the HZ 34 a 50Q through termination type HZ22 is available from HAMEG When transmitting square signals with short rise times transient phenomena on the edges and top of the signal may become visible if the correct termination is not used A terminating resistance is sometimes recommended with sine signals as well Certain amplifiers generators or their attenuators maintain the nominal output voltage independent of frequency only if their connection cable is terminated with the prescribed resistance Here it must be noted that the terminating resistor HZ22 will only dissipate a maximum of 2 Watts This power is reached with 10 Vrms or at 28 3 Vo with sine signal If a x10 or x100 attenuator probe is used no termination is necessary In this case the connecting cable is matched directly to the high impedan
37. een from the following figure To Vp Vrms Vmom 5 Vpp Voltage values of a sine curve Vrms effective value Vp simple peak or crest value Vpp peak to peak value Vmom momentary value The minimum signal voltage which must be applied to the Y input for a trace of 1div height is 1mVpp when the Y MAG x5 pushbutton is depressed the VOLTS DIV switch is set to 5mV div and the vernier is set to CAL by turning the fine adjustment knob of the VOLTS DIV switch fully clockwise However smaller signals than this may also be displayed The deflection coefficients on the input attenuators are indicated in mV div or V div peak to peak value The magnitude of the applied voltage is ascertained by multiplying the selected deflection coefficient by the vertical display height in div If an attenuator probe x10 is used a further multiplication by a factor of 10 is required to ascertain the correct voltage value For exact amplitude measurements the variable control on the attenuator switch must be set to its calibrated detent CAL When turning the variable control ccw the sensitivity will be reduced by a factor of 2 5 Therefore every intermediate value is possible within the 1 2 5 sequence With direct connection to the vertical input signals up to 400Vpp may be displayed attenuator set to 20V div variable control to left stop With the designations H display height in div U signal
38. ements For safety reasons the oscilloscope may only be operated from mains outlets with safety ground connector It is prohibited to separate the safety ground connection The plug must be inserted prior to connecting any signals 6 Subject to change without notice CAT I This oscilloscope is destined for measurements in circuits not connected to the mains or only indirectly Direct measurements i e with a galvanic connection to circuits corresponding to the categories II Ill or IV are prohibited The measuring circuits are considered not connected to the mains if a suitable isolation transformer fulfilling safety class Il is used Measurements on the mains are also possible if suitable probes like current probes are used which fulfil the safety class Il The measurement category of such probes must be checked and observed Measurement categories The measurement categories were derived corresponding to the distance from the power station and the transients to be expected hence Transients are short very fast voltage or current excursions which may be periodic or not Measurement CAT IV Measurements close to the power station e g on electricity meters Measurement CAT III Measurements in the interior of buildings power distribution instal ations mains outlets motors which are permanently installed Measurement II Measurements in circuits directly connected to the mains house hold appliances power
39. erated are INTENS FOCUS X POS and X MAG X10 pushbutton must be released All other controls and settings have no influence on the test operation For the component connection two simple test leads with 4mm banana plugs and with test prod alligator clip or sprung hook are required The test leads are connected to the insulated socket and the adjacent ground socket beneath the screen The component can be connected to the test leads either way round After use to return the oscilloscope to normal operation release the COMP TESTER pushbutton off Test Procedure Caution Do not test any component in live circuitry remove all grounds power and signals connected to the component under test Set up Component Tester as stated above Connect test leads across component to be tested Observe oscilloscope display Only discharged capacitors should be tested Test Pattern Displays e Open circuit is indicated by a straight horizontal line e Short circuit is shown by a straight vertical line Testing Resistors If the test object has a linear ohmic resistance both deflecting voltages are in the same phase The test pattern expected from aresistor is therefore a sloping straight line The angle of slope is determined by the resistance of the resistor under test With high values of resistance the slope will tend towards the horizontal axis and with low values the slope will move towards the vertical axis Values of
40. ersion of the Y input signal CH II using the INV button is possible Lissajous figures can be displayed in the X Y mode for certain measuring tasks Comparing two signals of different frequency or bringing one frequency up to the frequency of the other signal This also applies for whole number multiples or fractions of the one signal frequency Phase comparison between two signals of the same frequency Phase comparison with Lissajous figures The following diagrams show two sine signals of the same frequency and amplitude with different phase angles 0 35 90 180 Subject to change without notice Calculation of the phase angle or the phase shift between the X and Y input voltages after measuring the distances a and b on the screen is quite simple with the following formula and a pocket calculator with trigonometric functions Apart from the reading accuracy the signal height has no influence on the result sing gt cos 1 1 ni arcsin o The following must be noted here Because of the periodic nature of the trigonometric functions the calculation should be limited to angles lt 90 However here is the advantage of the method Donotusea too high test frequency The phase shift of the two oscilloscope amplifiers of the HM303 6 in the X Y mode can exceed an angle of 3 above120 kHz lt cannot be seen as a matter of course from the screen display if the test voltage le
41. es below the field line the leading edge is negative and the SLOPE pushbutton must therefore be depressed to V Since the INV invert function may cause a misleading display it must not be activated until after correct triggering is achieved On the 2ms div setting field TV triggering is selected and 1 field is visible if a 50 fields s signal is applied If the holdoff control is in fully ccw position it triggers without line interlacing affects caused by the consecutive field More details in the video signal become visible if the X MAG x10 pushbutton is depressed in The X POS control allows to display any part of the expanded signal The influence of the integrating network which forms a trigger pulse from the vertical sync pulses may become visible under certain conditions Disconnecting the trigger circuit e g by rapidly pressing and releasing the TRIG EXT button can result in triggering the consecutive odd or even field On the 10us div setting line TV triggering is selected and approx 1 lines are visible Those lines originate randomly from the odd and even fields The sync separator circuit also operates with external triggering It is important that the voltage range 0 3V to for external Subject to change without notice 15 Triggering and time base triggering should be noted Again the correct slope setting is critical because the external trigger signal may not have the same polarity or
42. gger voltage is externally supplied it can be measured in V at the TRIG EXT socket Normally the trigger threshold may be exceeded up to a maximum factor of 20 The HM303 6 has two trigger modes which are characterized in the following 14 _ amp _ Subject to change without notice Triggering and time base Automatic Peak value Triggering If the AT NM pushbutton is in the out position AT the sweep generator is running without test signal or external trigger voltage A base line is always displayed even without a signal applied In automatic trigger mode the sweep generator can run without test signal or external trigger voltage A base line will always be displayed even with no signal With an applied AC signal the peak value triggering enables the user to select the voltage point on the trigger signal trigger point by the adjustment of the trigger LEVEL control The control range depends on the peak to peak value of the signal This trigger mode is therefore called Automatic Peak Value Triggering Operation of the scope needs only correct amplitude and time base settings for aconstantly visible trace Automatic mode is recommended for all uncomplicated measuring tasks However automatic triggering is also the appropriate operation mode for the entry into difficult measuring problems
43. igger source is switched in the same way as the channel switching after each time base sweep Phase difference measurement is not possible in this trigger mode External triggering The internal triggering is disconnected by depressing the TRIG EXT button The time base can be triggered externally via the TRIG EXT socket using a 0 3V to voltage which is in synchronism with the test signal This trigger voltage may have completely different form from the test signal voltage Triggering is even possible in certain limits with whole number multiples or fractions of the test frequency but only with synchronous signals The input impedance of the TRIG EXT socket is approx 100kQ Il 10pF The maximum input voltage of the input circuit is 100V DC peak AC It must be noted that a different phase angle between the measuring and the triggering signal may cause a display not coinciding with the SLOPE pushbutton setting The trigger coupling selection can also be used in external triggering mode Unlike internal triggering the lowest frequency for external triggering is 20Hz in all trigger coupling conditions Trigger indicator An LED on condition above the SLOPE switch indicates that the trigger signal has a sufficient amplitude and the LEVEL control setting is correct This is valid with automatic and with normal triggering The indication of trigger action facilitates a sensitive LEVEL adjustment particularly at very low sign
44. is easily obtainable by expanding the holdoff time To this end the HOLD OFF knob is slowly turned to the right until one signal is displayed A double display is possible with certain pulse signals where the pulses alternately show a small difference of the peak amplitudes Only a very exact LEVEL adjustment makes a single display possible The use of the HOLD OFF knob simplifies the right adjustment After specific use the HOLD OFF control should be reset into its calibration detent fully ccw otherwise the brightness of the display is reduced drastically The function is shown in the following figures 16 Cl Subject to change without notice Component Tester heavy parts are displayed 4 gt period signal ads adjusting HOLD OFF NEL 2 Fig 1 shows case where the HOLD OFF knob is in the minimum position and various different waveforms are overlapped on the screen making the signal observation unsuccessful Fig 2 shows a case where only the desired parts of the signal are stably displayed Component Tester General The HM303 6 has a built in electronic Component Tester COMP TESTER which is used for instant display of a test pattern to indicate whether or not components are faulty The COMP TESTER can be used for quick checks of se miconductors e g diodes and transistors resistors capacitors and inductors Certain tests can also be made to integra
45. is sufficient In this case an appropriate high voltage capacitor approx 22 68nF must be connected in series with the input tip of the probe Voltage DC AC 400V na peak Total value of input voltage The dotted line shows a voltage alternating at zero volt level If superimposed on a DC voltage the addition of the positive peak and the DC voltage results in the max voltage DC ACpeak With Y POS control input coupling to GD itis possible to use a horizontal graticule line as reference line for ground potential before the measurement It can lie below or above the horizontal central line according to whether positive and or negative deviations from the ground potential are to be measured Time Measurements As arule most signals to be displayed are periodically repeating processes also called periods The number of periods per second is the repetition frequency Depending on the time base setting of the TIME DIV switch one or several signal periods or only a part of a period can be displayed The time coefficients are stated in s div ms div and ps div on the TIME DIV switch The scale is accordingly divided into three fields The duration of a signal period or a part of it is determined by multiplying the relevant time horizontal distance in div by the time coefficient set on the TIME DIV switch The variable time control identified with an arrow knob cap must be in its calibrated positio
46. isible in its full length at not too great steepness that the horizontal distance at 1096 and 9096 of the amplitude is measured If the edge shows rounding or overshooting the 10096 should not be related to the peak values but to the mean pulse heights Breaks or peaks glitches next to the edge are also not taken into account With very severe transient distortions the rise and fall time measurementhas little meaning For amplifiers with approximately constant group delay therefore good pulse transmission performance the following numerical relationship between rise time tr in ns and bandwidth B in MHz applies 350 E t B Connection of Test Signal Caution When connecting unknown signals to the oscilloscope input always use automatic triggering and set the DC AC inputcoupling switch to AC The attenuator switch should initially be set to 20V div Sometimes the trace will disappear after an input signal has been applied The attenuator switch must then be turned back to the left until the vertical signal height is only 3 8div With a signal amplitude greater than 160V gt an attenuator probe must be inserted before the vertical input If after applying the signal the trace is nearly blanked the period of the signal is probably substantially longer than the set value on the TIME DIV switch It should be turned to the left to an adequately larger time coefficient The signal to be displayed can be connected dir
47. l instruction in the manual for a reduced cable length the maximum cable length of a dataline must be less than 3 meters and not be used outside buildings If an interface has several connectors only one connector must have a connection to a cable Basically interconnections must have a double screening For IEEE bus purposes the double screened cables HZ72S and HZ72L from HAMEG are suitable 2 Signal cables Basically test leads for signal interconnection between test point and instrument should be as short as possible Without instruction in the manual for a shorter length signal lines must be less than 3 meters and not be used outside buildings Signal lines must screened coaxial cable RG58 U A proper ground connection is required In combination with signal generators double screened cables RG223 U RG214 U must be used 3 Influence on measuring instruments Under the presence of strong high frequency electric or magnetic fields even with careful setup of the measuring equipment an influence of such signals is unavoidable This will not cause damage or put the instrument out of operation Small deviations of the measuring value reading exceeding the instruments spe cifications may result from such conditions in individual cases 4 RF immunity of oscilloscopes 4 1 Electromagnetic RF field The influence of electric and magnetic RF fields may become visible e g RF superimposed if the field intensity is high In most
48. luctuations de tension et du flicker EMC Directive 89 336 EEC amended by 91 263 EWG 92 31 EEC Directive EMC 89 336 CEE amend e par 91 263 EWG 92 31 CEE Datum Date Date Unterschrift Signature Signatur Fura pO E Baumgartner Technical Manager Directeur Technique Niederspannungsrichtlinie 73 23 EWG erganzt durch 93 68 EWG Low Voltage Equipment Directive 73 23 EEC amended by 93 68 EEC Directive des equipements basse tension 73 23 CEE amend e par 93 68 CEE 15 01 2001 General information regarding the CE marking HAMEG instruments fulfill the regulations of the EMC directive The conformity test made by HAMEG is based on the actual generic and product stan dards In cases where different limit values are applicable HAMEG applies the severer standard For emission the limits for residential commercial and light industry are applied Regarding the immunity susceptibility the limits for industrial environment have been used The measuring and data lines of the instrument have much influence on emmission and immunity and therefore on meeting the acceptance limits For different applications the lines and or cables used may be different For measurement operation the following hints and conditions regarding emission and immunity should be observed 1 Data cables For the connection between instruments resp their interfaces and external devices computer printer etc sufficiently screened cables must be used Without a specia
49. n CAL arrow pointing horizontally to the right With the designations L displayed wave length in div of one period T time in seconds for one period F recurrence frequency in Hz of the signal time coefficient in s div on time base switch and the relation F 1 T the following equations can be stated I i T LT 1 Tel 1 1 1 E LET LDF With depressed X MAG x10 pushbutton the Tc value must be divided by 10 However these four values are not freely selectable They have to be within the following limits L between 0 2 and 10div if possible 4 to 10div T between 0 01 5 and 2s F between 0 5Hz and 30MHz Tcbetween 0 1us div and 0 2s div in 1 2 5 sequence with X MAG x10 in out position and Tebetween 10ns div and 20ms div in 1 2 5 sequence with pushed X MAG x10 pushbutton Examples Displayed wavelength L 7div set time coefficient Tc 0 1ys div required period T 7 0 1 10 0 7us required rec freq F 1 0 7x109 1 428MHz Signal period T 1s set time coefficient Tc 0 2s div required wavelength L 1 0 2 5div Displayed ripple wavelength L 1div set time coefficient Tc 10ms div required ripple freq F 1 1x10x103 2 100Hz TV line frequency F 2 15625Hz set time coefficient Tc 10ys div required wavelength L 1 15 625 10 6 4div Sine wavelength L min 4div max 10div Frequency F 1kHz max time coefficient
50. oided This is dependent upon the orientation of the oscilloscope on the place of work A centerd trace may not align exactly with the horizontal center line of the graticule A few degrees of misalignment can be corrected by a potentiometer accessible through an opening on the front panel marked TRACE ROTATION Probe compensation and use To display an undistorted waveform on an oscilloscope the probe must be matched to the individual input impedance of the vertical amplifier For this purpose a square wave signal with a very fast rise time and minimum overshoot should be used as the sinusoidal contents cover a wide frequency range The frequency accuracy and the pulse duty factor are not of such importance The built in calibration generator provides a square wave signal with a very fast risetime lt 4ns and switch selectable frequencies of approx 1kHz and 1MHz from the output socket below the CRT Screen This signal should not be used for frequency calibration The output provides 0 2Vpp 1 tr Ans for x10 probes When the Y deflection coefficient is set to 5mV div the calibration voltage corresponds to a vertical display of 4 divisions x10 probe The output sockets have an internal diameter of 4 9mm to accommodate the internationally accepted shielding tube diameter of modern Probes and F series slimline probes Only this type of construction ensures the extremely short ground connections which are essential for an undis
51. on depressed sum In the ADD mode the vertical display position is dependent upon the Y POS setting of both channels The same attenuator switch position is normally used for both channels with algebraic addition Please note that the Y POS settings are added too but are not affected by the INV pushbutton Differential measurement techniques allow direct measure ment of the voltage drop across floating components both ends above ground Two identical probes should be used for both vertical inputs In order to avoid ground loops use a separate ground connection and do not use the probe ground leads or cable shields X Y Operation For X Y operation the pushbutton underneath the TIME DIV knob marked XY must be depressed The X signal is then derived from the INPUT CH I X The calibration of the X signal during X Y operation is determined by the setting of the Channel input attenuator and variable control This means that the sensitivity ranges and input impedances are identical for both the X and Y axes However the Y POS I control is disconnected in this mode Its function is taken over by the X POS control It is important to note that the X MAG x10 facility normally used for expanding the sweep is inoperative in the X Y mode The bandwidth of the X amplifier is lower than the Y amplifier and the phase angle which increases with higher frequencies must be taken into account please note Specifications The inv
52. on with single MOS components relating to static discharge or frictional electricity In Circuit Tests The test patterns show some typical displays for in circuit tests Single components Single Transistors Es Bs Short circuit Resistor 510Q Junction B C Junction B E Bs Junction E C n m Main transformer primar Capacitor 334F Single Diodes In circuit Semiconductors Z Diode below 7V Z Diode beyond 7V Diode paralleled by 6802 2 Diodes antiparallel Germaniumdiode Diode in series with 510 2 Thyristor G A together Silicon diode B E parallel by 6802 au Rectifier B E with 1uF 6802 Si Diode with 10 Caution During in circuit tests make sure the circuit is dead No power from mains line or battery and no signal inputs are permitted Remove all ground connections including Safety Earth pull out power plug from outlet Remove all measuring cables including probes between oscilloscope and circuit under test Otherwise both COMP TESTER leads are not isolated against the circuit under test Subject to change without notice Component Tester In circuit tests are possible in many cases However they are not well defined This is caused by a shunt connection of real or complex impedances especially if they are of relatively low impedance at 50Hz to the component under test often results differ greatly when compare
53. ort warm up period of approx 10 seconds Adjust Y POS I and X POS controls to center the baseline Adjust INTENS intensity and FOCUS controls for medium brightness and optimum sharpness of the trace The oscilloscope is now ready for use If onlyaspotappears CAUTION CRT phosphor can be damaged reduce the intensity immediately and check that the XY pushbutton is in the released out position If the trace is not visible check the correct positions of all knobs and switches particularly AT NM button in out position To obtain the maximum life from the cathode ray tube the minimum intensity setting necessary for the measurement in hand and the ambient light conditions should be used Particular care is required when a single spot is displayed as avery high intensity setting may cause damage to the fluorescent screen of the CRT Switching the oscilloscope off and on at short intervals stresses the cathode of the CRT and should therefore be avoided The instrument is so designed that even incorrect operation will not cause serious damage The pushbuttons control only minor functions and it is recommended that before commencement of operation all pushbuttons are in the out position After this the pushbuttons can be operated depending upon the mode of operation required Trace Rotation TR In spite of Mumetal shielding of the CRT effects of the earth s magnetic field on the horizontal trace position cannot be completely av
54. points and the time coefficient setting If X x10 magnification is used this product must be divided by 10 The fall time of a pulse can also be measured by using this method The following figure shows correct positioning of the oscilloscope trace for accurate risetime measurement 100 90 10 0 ttot With a time coefficient of 0 2us div and pushed X MAG x10 button the example shown in the above figure results in a measured total risetime of to 1 6div x 0 2us div 10 32ns When very fast risetimes are being measured the risetimes of the oscilloscope amplifier and of the attenuator probe has to be deducted from the measured time value The risetime of the t tor 7 i b signal can be calculated using the following formula In this t iS the total measured risetime t is the risetime of the oscilloscope amplifier approx 10ns and tp the risetime of the probe e g 2ns If t is greater than 100ns then t can be taken as the risetime ofthe pulse and calculation is unnecessary Calculation of the example in the figure above results in a signal risetime t 1327 10 2 30 3ns The measurement of the rise or fall time is not limited to the trace dimensions shown in the above diagram It is only particularly simple in this way In principle it is possible to measure in any display position and at any signal amplitude It is only important that the full height of the signal edge of interest is v
55. r probe with square wave CALIBRATOR signal Switch input coupling to AC or DC Adjust signal to desired display height with attenuator switch VOLTS DIV Select time coefficient on the TIME DIV switch Set trigger point with LEVEL knob for normal triggering Trigger complex or aperiodic signals with longer HOLD OFF time Amplitude measurement with Y fine control at right stop CAL Time measurement with time fine control at right stop CAL Horizontal expansion 10 fold with X MAG x10 button depressed External horizontal deflection X Y mode with XY pushbutton depressed X input CH 1 Component Tester Press COMP TESTER pushbutton on Connect both component terminals to COMP TESTER jacks In circuit test Circuit under test must be disconnected from battery or power pull out power plug signals and ground earth Remove all signal connections to HM303 6 cable probe release X MAG X10 pushbutton then start testing 22 irri LLILILLLLLULLLLULLULILU L RLLL IKLLILLLLLLLLLLLILLLNLLLLLLULUAZZULZLLLLLLLLLUUU M 1M 3 ili Eiw i Subject to change without notice I DOTT we ov Ly E Die ni zog IS WE AIG SLIOA 1 WV 901 DVIN T Il SOd N u I SOdA Vie L HAMEL Instruments Oscilloscopes Spectrum Analyzer Power Supplies Modular System 8000 Series Programmable Instruments 8100 Series authori
56. s on the screen The variable controls for amplitude and time base and the LEVEL knob can also be used for this adjustment without influence on the result Both base lines are set onto the horizontal graticule center line with the Y POS knobs before the measurement With sinusoidal signals observe the zero crossover point transitions the sine peaks are less accurate If a sine signal is noticeably distorted by even harmonics or if a D C voltage is present AC coupling is recommended for both channels If itis a question of pulses of the same shape read off at steep edges 13 Operating modes of the vertical amplifiers Triggering and time base Phase difference measurement in DUAL mode T t horizontal spacing of the zero transitions in div T horizontal spacing for one period in div In the example illustrated t 3div and T 10div The phase difference in degrees is calculated from t 3 360 TT 10 or expressed in radians 360 108 arc g L 2r 3 2r 1 885 rad T 10 Relatively small phase angles at not too high frequencies can be measured more accurately in the X Y mode with Lissajous figures Measurement of an amplitude modulation The momentary amplitude u at time t of a HF carrier voltage which is amplitude modulated without distortion by a sinusoidal AF voltage is in accordance with the equation u sinQt 0 5m U cos Q o t 0 5m cos Q a t
57. s short and thick as possible When the attenuator probe is connected to a BNC socket a BNC adapter which is often supplied as probe accessory should be used In this way ground and matching problems are eliminated Hum or interference appearing in the measuring circuit especially when a small deflection coefficient is used is possibly caused by multiple grounding because equalizing currents can flow in the shielding of the test cables voltage drop between the protective conductor connections caused by external equipment connected to the mains line e g signal generators with interference protection capacitors First Time Operation Before applying power to the oscilloscope it is recommended that the following simple procedures are performed e Check that all pushbuttons are in the out position i e released e Rotate the variable controls with arrows i e TIME DIV variable control CHI and CH Il attenuator variable controls and HOLDOFF control to their calibrated detent e Set all controls with marker lines to their midrange position marker lines pointing vertically e The TRIG MODE selector switch should be set to the position uppermost AC Both GD input coupling pushbutton switches for CH I and CH Il should be set to the GD position Switch on the oscilloscope by depressing the red POWER pushbutton An LED will illuminate to indicate working order The trace displaying one baseline should be visible after a sh
58. see 1 kHz diagram The signal height should then be 4 div 0 16div 4 oscilloscope 3 and probe 1 During this adjustment the signal edges will remain invisible Adjustment at 1MHz Probes HZ51 52 and 54 can also be HF compensated They incorporate resonance de emphasing networks R trimmer in conjunction with capacitors which permit probe compensation in the range of the upper frequency limit of the vertical oscilloscope amplifier Only this compensative adjustment ensures optimum utilisation of the full bandwidth together with constant group delay at the high frequency end thereby reducing characteristic transient distortion near the leading edge e g overshoot rounding ringing holes or bumps to an absolute minimum Using the probes HZ51 52 and 54 the full bandwidth of the HM303 6 can be utilized without risk of unwanted waveform distortion Prerequisite for this HF compensation is a square wave generator with fast risetime typically 4 ns and low output impedance approx 50Q providing 0 2V at a frequency of approx 1MHz The calibrator output of the HM303 6 meets these requirements when the CAL pushbutton is depressed Connectthe probe to CHI input Depress the CAL pushbutton for 1MHz All other pushbuttons should be released out position Set the CHI input coupling to DC attenuator switch to 5mV div and TIME DIV switch to 0 2ps div Set all variable controls to CAL position Insert the probe tip in
59. surement of an amplitude modulation 14 Triggering and time base 14 Automatic Peak value Triggering 15 Normal TrIggerlngs us eet eer E erre vet 15 SIOpe a EE 15 Trigger coupling 15 Line triggering aieiaa aena e i 16 Alternate triggering 2 16 External triggering iere ree eei 16 Trigger indicator siii 16 Holdoff time adjustment 2222 16 Component 17 General T P 17 Using the Component 17 Test Piocedure 17 Test Pattern Displays 17 Testing BeSIStOTS ciale eed eere diee 17 Testing Capacitors and Inductors 17 Testing Semiconductors 99 18 Testing Diodes iraniane 18 Testing TralaSIStOFS dose de debere es hoo Ane at es 18 1 UIE RESTS ce 18 Front Panel Elements HM 303 6 Brief Description Front VieW 20 Short Instruction for HM303 6 22 Subject to change without notice General information regarding the CE marking KONFORMITATSERKLARUNG DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY DECLARATION DE CONFORMITE HAMEL Instruments HAMEG Instruments GmbH Industriestra e 6 D 63533
60. ted circuits All these components can be tested in and out of circuit The test principle is fascinatingly simple A built in generator delivers a sine voltage which is applied across the component under test and a built in fixed resistor The sine voltage across the test object is used for the horizontal deflection and the voltage drop across the resistor i e current through test object is used for vertical deflection of the oscilloscope The test pattern shows a current voltage characteristic of the test object Since this circuit operates with a frequency of 50Hz 10 and a voltage of approx 7Vrms open circuit the indicating range of the component tester is limited The impedance of the component under test is limited to a range from 20Q to 4 7kQ Below and above these values the test pattern shows only short circuit or open circuit For the interpretation of the displayed test pattern these limits should always be borne in mind However most electronic components can normally be tested without any restriction Using the Component Tester The component tester is switched on by depressing the COMP TESTER pushbutton on beneath the screen This makes the vertical preamplifier and the time base generator inoperative A shortened horizontal trace will be observed It is not necessary to disconnect scope input cables unless in circuit measurements are to be carried out In the COMP TESTER mode the only controls which can be op
61. tifiers or stray magnetic field in a circuit In this trigger mode the SLOPE pushbutton selects the positive or negative portion of the line sinewave The LEVEL control is operative for trigger point adjustment Magnetic leakage e g from a power transformer can be investigated for direction and amplitude using a search or pick up coil The coil should be wound on a small former with a maximum of turns of a thin lacquered wire and connected to a BNC connector for scope input via a shielded cable Between cable and BNC center conductor a resistor of atleast 100Q should be series connected RF decoupling Often it is advisable to shield statically the surface of the coil However no shorted turns are permissible Maximum minimum and direction to the magnetic source are detectable at the measuring point by turning and shifting the coil Alternate triggering With alternate triggering ALT button depressed itis possible to trigger two signals which are different in frequency asynchronous In this case the oscilloscope must be operated in alternate DUAL mode with signals of sufficient height at each input To avoid trigger problems due to different DC voltage components AC input coupling for both channels is recommended The peak value detection which is normally present in automatic triggering mode AT is automatically switched off the LEVEL control becomes inoperative and the trigger threshold is set to 0 Volt The internal tr
62. to the output socket A waveform will be displayed on the CRT screen with leading and trailing edges clearly visible For the HF adjustment now to be performed it will be necessary to observe the rising edge as well as the upper left corner of the pulse top The location of the high frequency compensation trimmer s can also be found in the probe information sheet These R trimmer s have to be adjusted such that the beginning of the pulse is as straight as possible Overshoot or excessive rounding are unacceptable The adjustment is relatively easy if only one adjusting point is present In case of several adjusting points the adjustment is slightly more difficult but causes a better result The rising edge should be as steepas possible with a pulse top remaining as straight and horizontal as possible correct incorrect incorrect After completion of the HF adjustment the signal amplitude displayed on the CRT screen should have the same value as during the 1kHz adjustment Probes other than those mentioned above normally have a larger tip diameter and may not fit into the calibrator outputs Whilst it is not difficult for an experienced operator to build a suitable adapter it should be pointed out that most of these probes have a slower risetime with the effect that the total bandwidth of scope together with probe may fall far below that of the HM303 6 Furthermore the HF adjustment feature is nearly always missing so that w
63. torted waveform reproduction of non sinusoidal high frequency signals Adjustment at 1kHz The C trimmer adjustment low frequency compensates the capacitive loading on the oscilloscope input approx 20 pF for the HM303 6 By this adjustment the capacitive division assumes the same ratio as the ohmic voltage divider to ensure the same division ratio for high and low frequencies Subject to change without notice 1 1 Operating modes of the vertical amplifiers as for DC For x1 probes or switchable probes set to x1 this adjustmentis neither required nor possible A baseline exactly parallel to the horizontal graticule lines is a major condition for accurate probe adjustments See also Trace rotation Connect the probes Types HZ51 52 54 or HZ36 to the CHI input All pushbuttons should be released in the out position Set input coupling to DC the attenuator to 5 mV div and TIME DIV switch to 0 2 ms div and all variable controls to CAL position Plug the probe tip into the calibrator output socket incorrect correct incorrect Approximately 2 complete waveform periods are displayed on the CRT screen Now the compensation trimmer has to be adjusted The location of the low frequency compensation trimmer can be found in the probe information sheet Adjust the trimmer with the insulating screw driver provided until the tops of the square wave signal are exactly parallel to the horizontal graticule lines
64. zed dealer 0303 06E0 1 4 www hameg com Subject to change without notice 41 0303 06E0 20012007 gw HAMEG Instruments GmbH HAMEG Instruments GmbH IndustriestraBe 6 A Rohde amp Schwarz Company D 63533 Mainhausen registrierte Marke Tel 49 0 61 82 800 0 DQS Zertifikation DIN EN ISO 9001 2000 Fax 49 0 61 82 800 100 Reg Nr 071040 QM sales hameg de

Oscilloscope HM303-6

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