Home

OIML R 46-1/-2 - Organisation Internationale de Métrologie Légale

1. Vocabulary prepared by a joint working group consisting of experts appointed by BIPM IEC IFCC ISO IUPAC IUPAP and OIML 4 OIML V 1 2000 International vocabulary of terms in legal metrology VIML The VIML includes only the concepts used in the field of legal metrology These concepts concern the activities of the legal metrology service the relevant documents as well as other problems linked with this activity Also included in this Vocabulary are certain concepts of a general character which have been drawn from the VIM 5 OIML G 1 100 2008 GUM Evaluation of measurement data Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement This Guide establishes general rules for evaluating and expressing uncertainty in measurement that are intended to be applicable to a broad spectrum of measurements 6 OIML TC 3 SC 4 3 committee draft 13 July 2010 Surveillance of utility meters in service on the basis of sampling inspections This is a draft OIML Document that relates to the method and procedure according to which the period of validity of the verification of utility meters forming part of a defined lot is extended if the correctness of the meters has been proved by sampling inspections prior to the expiry of the period of validity of the verification IEC 60060 1 ed 3 0 2010 High voltage Test Techniques Part 1 General Definitions and Test Requirements This part of IEC 60060
2. currents and associated magnetic fields that are high IEC 62052 11 2003 Electricity metering equipment AC General requirements tests and test conditions Part 11 Metering equipment Covers type tests for electricity metering equipment for indoor and outdoor application and to newly manufactured equipment designed to measure the electric energy on 50 Hz or 60 Hz networks with a voltage up to 600 V It applies to electromechanical or static meters for indoor and outdoor application consisting of a measuring element and register s enclosed together in a meter case It also applies to operation indicator s and test output s IEC 62053 52 2005 Electricity metering equipment AC Particular requirements Part 52 Symbols Applies to letter and graphical symbols intended for marking on and identifying the function of electromechanical or static a c electricity meters and their auxiliary devices The symbols specified in this standard shall be marked on the name plate dial plate external labels or accessories or shown on the display of the meter as appropriate IEC 62054 21 2005 Electricity metering a c Tariff and load control Part 21 Particular requirements for time switches Specifies particular requirements for newly manufactured indoor time switches with operation reserve that are used to control electrical loads multi tariff registers and maximum demand devices of el
3. esses 43 6 3 13 Continuous DC magnetic induction of external origin 43 6 3 14 Magnetic field AC power frequency of external origin 43 6 3 15 Blectromagnetic fields NEE nus REENEN eee bees 43 6 3 16 DC in the AC current circuit trennen rennen eret eerte entren nene 45 6 3 17 High order harmonics ss 46 6 4 Tests for disturbances so eese Beg AS es emet 46 6 4 1 General instructions for disturbance feste 46 6 4 Magnetic field AC power frequency of external origin 46 6 4 3 Electrostatic discharge eite p pre pet ce AEs tare ettet ee 47 G 4 4 E te 47 6 4 5 Voltage dips and interruptions sisi 48 6 4 6 Radiated radio frequency RF electromagnetic fields 49 6 4 7 Surges on AC mains power Ines 49 6 4 8 Damped oscillatory waves immunity Test 50 6 4 9 Short time OVercurrent ss 50 6 4 10 Impulse voltage eene tree rette eere tre pe Eee rd 51 GAN Earth CL EE 53 6 4 12 Operation of ancillary devices ss 53 64 13 Mechanical tests 2 ree eere nente te etre ra lr ten die ode e PUR 54 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 6 4 14 Protection against solar radiation 54 6 4 15 Protection against ingress of dust 55 6 44 16 Chmatictests E 55 6 417 Durability test iine neret eer np ei eei erit pin 58 T Lypeevaluation and approval e teers sssi hte ten edere ie e pe oet eid 58 8 Venfication x saine en an RAT tee EA DEAR e tee etri ett eei 58 SJ Generali EE Rn cmo 58 222 gt Testing
4. The uncertainty of measurement in this method is very dependent on the sub period output impedance of the current source and the current circuit impedance of the standard meter in combination with the possible impedance differences of the two current branches Note 2 Since the uncertainty is dependent on the absolute branch impedance difference and not the relative if not Roalancing gt gt Rsource the problem can generally not be remedied by introducing additional matched resistors in each branch It can however be monitored by studying the DC current from the source The DC components should not be higher than 0 5 to 1 of the AC value When measuring a DC component in the order of 1 of the AC component the instrument should preferably be calibrated beforehand by a measurement of the test current with the test circuit diodes disconnected and short circuited 45 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Standard meter Meter under test Balancing impedance Figure 4 Proposed current test circuit for DC and even harmonic test only one phase current circuit shown voltage to be connected as normal 6 3 17 High order harmonics Object of the test Test procedure Test severity To verify that the error shift due to high order harmonics complies with the requirements of Table 4 Furthermore the function of the meter shall not be impaired The error shift compared to the intrinsic error at sinusoidal conditio
5. RES 100x10 h b k m U nom Imin where b is the base maximum permissible error at Imin expressed as a percentage and is taken as a positive value k is the number of pulses emitted by the output device of the meter per kilowatt hour imp kWh or the number of revolutions per kilowatt hour rev k Wh m is the number of elements the nominal voltage Unom is expressed in volts and the minimum current Imin is expressed in amperes For transformer operated meters with primary rated registers where the value of k and possibly Unom are given as primary side values the constant k and Unom shall be recalculated to correspond to secondary side values of voltage and current Note As an example the minimum test period would be 0 46 h 27 8 min for a class B meter b 1 5 with the following specifications k 1000 imp kWh m 1 Unom 240 V and Imin 0 6 A 6 2 5 Meter constants Object of the test To verify that the relationship between the basic energy register and the used test output s complies with the manufacturer s specification as required in 3 7 2 The relative difference must not be greater than one tenth of the base maximum permissible error This test is only applicable if test pulse outputs are used to test accuracy requirements Test procedure All registers and pulse outputs that are under legal control must be tested unless a system is in place that guarantees the identical behavior of all meter
6. shall not be overwritten and shall be capable of being retrieved upon restoration of power The register shall be capable of storing and displaying an amount of energy that corresponds to the meter running at P Uom1max for at least 4000 h where n is the number of phases This capability for storage and display applies to all registers relevant for billing including positive and negative flow registers for bi directional meters and tariff registers for multi tariff meters Note The National Authority may change the minimum time required for register rollover In the case of electronic registers the minimum retention time for results is one year for a disconnected meter Electronic indicating devices shall be provided with a display test that switches all the display segments on then off for the purpose of determining whether all display segments are working 3 7 2 Testability The meter shall be equipped with a test output for efficient testing such as a rotor with a mark or a test pulse output If the design of the test output is such that the pulse rate does not correspond to the measured power in every given relevant time interval the manufacturer shall declare the necessary number of pulses to ensure a standard deviation of measurement less than 0 1 base mpe at Imax J and Lin The relation between the measured energy given by the test output and the measured energy given by the indicating device shall comply with the marking on the name
7. where electrical bursts are superimposed on voltage and current circuits and I O and communication ports Meters such as electromechanical meters which have been constructed using only passive elements shall be assumed to be immune to fast transients Test procedure A burst generator shall be used with the performance characteristics specified in the referenced standard The meter shall be subjected to bursts of voltage spikes for which the repetition frequency of the impulses and peak values of the output voltage on 50 Ohm and 1000 Ohm loads are defined in the referenced standard The characteristics of the generator shall be verified before connecting the meter Both positive and negative polarity bursts shall be applied The duration of the test shall not be less than 1 min for each amplitude and polarity A capacitive coupling clamp as defined in the standard shall be used to couple to I O and communication lines 47 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Test conditions Test severity Allowed effects with a reference voltage over 40 V The test pulses shall be applied continuously during the measurement time The meter shall be tested as table top equipment The meter voltage and auxiliary circuits shall be energized with reference voltage The cable length between the coupling device and the meter shall be 1 m The test voltage shall be applied in common mode line to earth to a the voltage circuits b the current circuits if
8. 05 0 02 ISIS La inductive UPS PES 5a 206 These values are doubled below 10 C When the load current and power factor are held constant at a point within the rated operating range with the meter otherwise operated at reference conditions and when any single influence quantity is varied from its value at reference conditions to its extreme values defined in Table 4 the variation of error shall be such that the additional percentage error is within the corresponding limit of error shift stated in Table 4 The meter shall continue to function after the completion of each of these tests Table 4 Limit of error shift due to influence quantities Limit of error shift 40 for Influence Test Valueof Power meters of class quantity clause current factor eae pem es oe a n rpm 159 10 207 DIR SE eee a inductive yore variation EE SE Unom 10 3 a 1 5 1 0 0 4 0 2 KEE e ES 0 a 1 0 ee Harmonics in voltage and c A i 1 0 Se 0 595 U KS current circuits 1 variations Severe voltage SENG OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 One or two phases One or two phases 63 9 10 I interrupted removed Sub harmonics in Current signal of equal the AC current power with sub circuit harmonics present Harmonics in the Phase fired at AC current circuit 90 degrees Reversed phase Any two phases sequence interchanged Continuous DC mapu e Ama o
9. 1 R 46 2 2012 2 2 19 2 2 20 2 2 21 2 2 22 2 2 23 2 2 24 2 2 25 OIML V 2 200 2012 4 26 Note 3 In this Recommendation the maximum permissible error is a combination of the base maximum permissible error and the maximum permissible error shift as described in Annex B Note 4 For the application of this Recommendation specifications or regulations means the provisions contained in this Recommendation and the terms measuring instrument and measuring system mean electricity meter base maximum permissible error mpe extreme value of the error of indication of a meter permitted by this Recommendation when the current and power factor are varied within the intervals given by the rated operating conditions and when the meter is otherwise operated at reference conditions Note In this Recommendation the maximum permissible error is a combination of the base maximum permissible error and the maximum permissible error shift as described in Annex B maximum permissible error shift extreme value of the change in error of indication of a meter permitted by this Recommendation when a single influence factor is taken from its value at reference conditions and varied within the rated operating conditions Note 1 For each influence factor there is one corresponding maximum permissible error shift Note 2 In this Recommendation the maximum permissible error is a combination of the base maximum p
10. 1 14 2 1 15 2 1 16 2 1 17 2 1 18 electromechanical meter meter in which currents in fixed coils react with the currents induced in the conducting moving element generally a disk s which causes their movement proportional to the energy to be measured IEC 62052 11 2003 3 1 1 static meter meter in which current and voltage act on solid state electronic elements to produce an output proportional to the energy to be measured IEC 62052 11 2003 3 1 2 measuring element part of the meter that transforms a current and a voltage into a signal proportional to the power and or energy Note A measuring element can be based on an electromagnetic electrical or an electronic principle current circuit internal connections of the meter and part of the measuring element through which flows the current of the circuit to which the meter is connected IEC 62052 11 2003 3 2 6 voltage circuit internal connections of the meter part of the measuring element and in the case of static meters part of the power supply supplied with the voltage of the circuit to which the meter is connected IEC 62052 11 2003 3 2 7 indicating device display part of the meter that displays the measurement results either continuously or on demand Note An indicating device may also be used to display other relevant information register part of the meter that stores the measured values Note The register may be an electromechani
11. 2 2 2 voltage frequenc j temperature ec 2 base E freq y unbalance harmonic p where base 1S the maximum error obtained in the test for base maximum error taking into account the measurement uncertainty of the type test voltage 1S the maximum error shift obtained in the test for voltage variation taking into account the measurement uncertainty of the type test Efrequncy 18 the maximum error shift obtained in the test for frequency variation taking into account the measurement uncertainty of the type test Cunbalance 1S the maximum error shift obtained in the test for unbalance variation taking into account the measurement uncertainty of the type test harmonics 1 the maximum error shift obtained in the test for variation of harmonic content taking into account the measurement uncertainty of the type test iemperature 1S the maximum error shift obtained in the test for temperature variation taking into account the measurement uncertainty of the type test Note 2 The measurement uncertainty must be included in each component e of the overall error Since one term is a known value and the other an uncertainty they cannot be treated as two uncorrelated statistical distributions and must hence be added algebraically Note 3 Components contributing to the combined error may be selected by national or regional authorities and should at least comprise base frequency tempe
12. R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Test conditions Light meter Cycling rig with a condensation cycle to comply with the parameters in the test conditions Meter in non operating condition Test cycle 12 h cycle Lamp type Spectral irradiance Black panel temperature 2 1 8 h dry EH 60 3 C UVA 340 at 340 nm 4 h condensation Light off 50 3 C Test procedure in brief Partially mask a section of the meter for later comparison Expose the meter to artificial radiation and weathering in accordance with ISO 4892 3 for a period of 66 days 132 cycles and in accordance with the test conditions above After the test the meter shall be visually inspected and a functional test shall be performed The appearance and in particular the legibility of markings and displays shall not be altered Any means of protection of the metrological properties such as the case and sealing shall not be affected The function of the meter shall not be impaired 6 4 15 Protection against ingress of dust Applicable standard The object of the test Test conditions Test procedure Allowed effects 6 4 16 Climatic tests IEC 60529 To verify compliance with the provisions of 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 regarding protection against the ingress of dust Reference conditions IP 5X rating Category 2 enclosure After the test the interior of the meter shall be visually inspected and a functional test shall be perfor
13. Test Test a Test b Test c Reduction 30 96 60 96 60 96 Duration 0 5 cycles 1 cycle 25 cycles 50 Hz 30 cycles 60 Hz Voltage interruption test Reduction 0 96 Duration 250 cycles 50 Hz 300 cycles 60 Hz No significant fault shall occur 48 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 6 4 6 Radiated radio frequency RF electromagnetic fields Applicable standard Object of the test Test procedure Allowed effects IEC 61000 4 3 To verify compliance with the requirements of 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 under conditions of radiated radio frequency electromagnetic fields Meters such as electromechanical meters which have been constructed using only passive elements shall be assumed to be immune to radiated radiofrequency fields Refer to 6 3 15 1 for test procedure No significant fault shall occur 6 4 7 Surges on AC mains power lines Applicable standard Object of the test Test procedure Test conditions Test severities TEC 61000 4 5 To verify compliance with the requirements of 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 under conditions where electrical surges are superimposed on the mains voltage and if applicable on I O and communication ports This test is not applicable for meters such as electromechanical meters which shall be assumed to be immune to surges A surge generator shall be used with the performance characteristics specified in the referenced standard The test consists of ex
14. also be part s of the operating conditions Tilt Mounting position as specified by the manufacturer 3 degrees If no mounting position is given any mounting position is allowed Harmonics The voltage and current shall be allowed to deviate from the sinusoidal form as given by the requirements in 3 3 5 Table 4 Harmonics in voltage and current circuits Load balance The load balance shall be allowed to vary from fully balanced conditions to current in only one current circuit for poly phase meters and for single phase 3 wire meters Note National authorities or regional legislation may specify certain values for various rated operating conditions See Annex C 3 3 Accuracy requirements 3 3 1 General The manufacturer shall specify the accuracy class of the meter to be one of A B C or D Note Class B is the lowest accuracy class recommended for large consumers i e where consumption exceeds 5000 kWh year or another value chosen by the appropriate authority The meter shall be designed and manufactured such that its error does not exceed the maximum permissible error for the specified class under rated operating conditions The meter shall be designed and manufactured such that when exposed to disturbances significant faults do not occur A fault is not considered a significant fault if it is detected and acted upon by means of a checking facility The meter shall clearly indicate if such an event has o
15. articles for the families of dynamic tests in IEC 60068 2 that is impact Test E vibration Test F and acceleration steady state Test G 14 15 16 IEC 60068 2 64 2008 Environmental testing Part 2 Test methods Test Fh Vibration broad band random digital control and guidance IEC 60068 2 78 2001 Environmental testing Part 2 78 Tests Test Cab Damp heat steady state IEC 60068 3 1 Ed 2 0 2011 08 Environmental testing Part 3 1 Supporting documentation and guidance Cold and dry heat tests Determines the ability to withstand specified severities of broad band random vibration Applies to specimens which may be subjected to vibration of a stochastic nature by transportation or operational environments for example in aircraft space vehicles and land vehicles Has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 Provides a test method for determining the suitability of electrotechnical products components or equipment for transportation storage and use under conditions of high humidity The test is primarily intended to permit the observation of the effect of high humidity at constant temperature without condensation on the specimen over a prescribed period Gives background information for Tests A Cold IEC 68 2 1 and Tests B Dry heat IEC 68 2 2 Includes appendices on the effect of chamber size on the surface temperatur
16. capacitive over the current range of at least Zmin to Jus 6 3 6 Harmonics in voltage and current Object of the test Test procedure Mandatory test points To verify that the error shift due to harmonics complies with the requirements The error shift compared to the intrinsic error at sinusoidal conditions shall be measured when harmonics are added in both the voltage and the current The test shall be performed using the quadriform and peaked waveforms specified in Table 11 and Table 12 respectively The amplitude of a single harmonic shall not be more than 0 12 Uj h for voltage and J h for the current where h is the harmonic number and Ur and J are the respective fundamentals Plots of the current amplitude for the waveforms in Table 11 and Table 12 are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 respectively The r m s current may not exceed Imax i e for Table 11 the fundamental current component J may not exceed 0 93 Imax The peak value of the current may not exceed 1 4 Imax i e for Table 12 the fundamental current component 7 r m s may not exceed 0 568 Imax Harmonic amplitudes are calculated relative to the amplitude of the fundamental frequency component of the voltage or current respectively Phase angle is calculated relative to the zero crossing of the fundamental frequency voltage or current component respectively The test shall at minimum be performed at 10 Z PF 1 where the power factor is given for the fundame
17. constants The test shall be performed by passing a quantity of energy E through the meter where E is at least _ 1000 R min Wh where R is the apparent resolution of the basic energy register expressed in Wh and b is the base maximum permissible error expressed as a percentage 96 The relative difference between the registered energy and the energy passed through the meter as given by the number of pulses from the test output shall be computed Allowed effect The relative difference shall not be greater than one tenth of the base maximum permissible error Mandatory test points The test shall be performed at a single arbitrary current I gt Iy Note Any means may be used to enhance the apparent resolution R of the basic register as long as care is taken to ensure that the results reflect the true resolution of the basic register Note The value of b shall be selected from Table 2 according to the chosen test point The value of b may differ to that applicable for the no load test 6 3 Tests for influence quantities 6 3 1 General The purpose of these tests is to verify the requirements of 3 3 3 due to the variation of a single influence quantity For influence quantities listed in Table 4 it shall be verified that the error shift due to the variation 36 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 of any single influence quantity is within the corresponding limit of error shift stated in Table 4 see also the d
18. curve of error variation as a function of time The test shall be 34 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 carried out for at least 1 h and in any event until the variation of error over any 20 minute period does not exceed 10 of the base maximum permissible error The error shift compared to the intrinsic error shall comply with the requirements given in Table 4 at all times If the error shift has not levelled out so that the variation of error over any 20 minte period does not exceed 10 of the base maximum permissible error by the end of the test the meter shall either be allowed to return to its initial temperature and the entire test repeated at power factor 0 5 inductive or if the load can be changed in less than 30 seconds the error of the meter shall be measured at max and power factor 0 5 inductive and it shall be checked that the error shift compared to the intrinsic error complies with the requirements given in Table 4 6 2 3 Starting current Object of the test Test procedure To verify that the meter starts and continues to operate at as given by Table 1 The meter shall be subjected to a current equal to the starting current Z4 If the meter is designed for the measurement of energy in both directions then this test shall be applied with energy flowing in each direction The effect of an intentional delay in measurement after reversal of the energy direction should be taken into account when performing the t
19. e ESSE eU bam IUe eee E 58 8 2 1 Calibration Status ss one err eet eer ere pror p eet ee iei HEU act 58 8 2 2 Conformity check reote eene Db Oo tdm eter pee 59 82 3 Warming up nente omine ai peii oie 59 8 24 Minimum test program REENEN e DOR ERO e DP e PER rte eter eiie 59 8 2 5 Sealin E 60 8 3 Reference conditions for initial and subsequent verifications in a laboratory sss 60 8 4 Additional requirements for statistical verifications eene 61 SAA EO soo ERREUR DURER EU e ARR ae 61 842 Samples os Eege ot Ee A iste eR eire 61 8 4 3 Statistical testing eno HRS uie 62 8 5 Additional requirements for statistical in service inspections eseseeeeeeeee 62 Annex A BibliograpBy iecore REP RU RR EUR e eq reete besser EE 63 AnnexB Estimation of combined errorg seins 68 B 1 Estimate of combined maximum permissible error based on the requirements of this Recornimendation e het ar PRI eerie eege 68 B2 Estimation of combined error based on type test results and specific conditions 69 B2 Method l sii ette Ice te te e E PE D e e e E HUE Ee hd PUT 69 B 2 Meethodi2 E tie al a ak EE eed 69 Annex C Legislative matters boss SA Sis ARISE DEEN ee 71 Cl Legislative considerations essent eene ener tene tenete entren trennen trennen enne 71 C L1 Choice of accuracy class nennen pee anaa eme DDR De DERE ER Re DERE Ree 72 C 1 2 Matters n
20. establish its specific characteristics and to prove its conformity with the requirements of this Recommendation In the case of modifications to the meter made after or during the type test and affecting only part of the meter the issuing body may deem it sufficient to perform limited tests on the characteristics that may be affected by the modifications 4 3 Validation procedure The validation procedure consists of a combination of analysis methods and tests as shown in Table 6 The abbreviations used are described in Table 7 31 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Table 6 Validation procedures for specified requirements Requirement Validation procedure 3 6 2 Software identification AD VFTSw 3 6 3 1 Prevention misuse AD VFTSw 3 6 3 2 Fraud protection AD VFTSw 3 6 4 Parameter protection AD VFTSw 3 6 5 Separation of electronic devices and sub assemblies AD 3 6 6 Separation of software parts AD 3 6 7 Storage of data transmission via communication systems AD VFTSw 3 6 7 1 2 Data protection with respect to time of measurement AD VFTSw 3 6 7 2 Automatic storing AD VFTSw 3 6 7 3 1 Transmission delay AD VFTSw 3 6 7 3 2 Transmission interruption AD VFTSw 3 6 7 4 Time stamp AD VFTSw 3 6 8 Maintenance and re configuration AD Table 7 Validation procedure abbreviations used in Table 6 Abbreviation Description OIML D 31 2008 Clause AD Analysis of the docum
21. harmonic part of a signal that has a frequency that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency of the signal Note The fundamental frequency is generally the nominal frequency fio sub harmonic frequency that is an integer fraction of the fundamental frequency of the signal that is 1 n times the fundamental frequency where n is an integer greater than 1 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 2 2 12 2 2 13 2 2 14 2 2 15 2 2 16 2 2 17 2 2 18 harmonic number integer number used to identify a harmonic Note The harmonic number is the ratio of the frequency of a harmonic to the fundamental frequency of the signal distortion factor d ratio of the r m s value of the harmonic content to the r m s value of the fundamental term Note 1 The harmonic content is obtained e g by subtracting from a non sinusoidal alternating quantity its fundamental term Note 2 The distortion factor is usually expressed as a percentage It is equivalent to THD total harmonic distortion power factor PF ratio of the active power to the apparent power Note At sinusoidal and either one phase or symmetrical three phase conditions the power factor cos the cosine of the phase difference between voltage U and current active power rate at which energy is transported Note In an electrical system active power is measured as the time mean of the instantaneous power which is calculated at each instant as the produ
22. nn aia 15 0 75 0 5 induction of core surface external origin 1 Magnetic field AC power 63 14 frequency of external origin Radiated RF electromagnetic Field strength lt 10 V m 6 3 15 1 10 fields i 7 Conducted disturbances 0 15 to 80 MHz induced by radio Amplitude 10 V pode ZE NE CIE ee frequency fields Sinusoidal current twice aie eatin amplitude half wave 6 3 16 Lull 1 6 3 415 1 rectified lt Tmax V2 Superimposed a 0 02 Usos 0 1 IL 63 17 Te 1 1 0 5 0 5 15 foom to 40 from Only for poly phase and single phase 3 wire meters As long as the r m s current is not higher than Zmax and the peak value of the current is not higher than 1 41 7 Furthermore the amplitude of individual harmonic components shall not exceed J h for current and 0 12 U h for voltage where h is the harmonic order The error shift may exceed the value specified in the table provided the error is within 2 5 96 For poly phase meters the requirement is for symmetrical voltage variations Tn the case of electromechanical meters the error shift may exceed the value specified in the table provided the error is within 3 0 96 Only for poly phase meters Two phases interrupted is only for those connection modes where a missing phase means that energy can be delivered This requirement applies only to fault conditions of the network not for an alte
23. not facilitate fraudulent use 3 6 3 2 3 Software protection comprises appropriate sealing by mechanical electronic and or cryptographic means making an unauthorized intervention impossible or evident 23 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Examples 1 The software of a measuring instrument is constructed such that there is no way to modify the parameters and legally relevant configuration but via a switch protected menu This switch is mechanically sealed in the inactive position making modification of the parameters and of the legally relevant configuration impossible To modify the parameters and configuration the switch has to be switched inevitably breaking the seal by doing so 2 The software of a measuring instrument is constructed such that there is no way to access the parameters and legally relevant configuration but by authorized persons If a person wants to enter the parameter menu item he has to insert his smart card containing a PIN as part of a cryptographic certificate The software of the instrument is able to verify the authenticity of the PIN by the certificate and allows the parameter menu item to be entered The access is recorded in an audit trail including the identity of the person or at least of the smart card used 3 6 4 Parameter protection 3 6 4 1 Parameters that fix the legally relevant characteristics of the electricity meter shall be secured against unauthorized modification If necessary for the purpose
24. of verification the current parameter settings shall be able to be displayed Device specific parameters may be adjustable or selectable only in a special operational mode of the electricity meter They may be classified as those that should be secured unalterable and those that may be accessed settable parameters by an authorized person e g the instrument owner repairer Type specific parameters have identical values for all specimens of a type They are fixed at type approval of the instrument Note 1 A simple password is not a technically acceptable solution for protecting parameters Note 2 Authorized persons may be allowed to access a limited set of device specific parameters Such a set of device specific parameters and its access limitations rules should be clearly documented 3 6 4 2 Zeroing the register that stores the total energy metered shall be considered as a modification of a device specific parameter Therefore all relevant requirements applicable to device specific parameters are applicable to the zeroing operation 3 6 4 3 When modifying a device specific parameter the meter shall stop registering energy 3 6 4 4 National regulations may prescribe that certain device specific parameters are to be available to the user In such a case the measuring instrument shall be fitted with a facility to automatically and non erasably record any adjustment of the device specific parameter e g an audit trail The instrument s
25. on a consultation basis Cooperative agreements have been established between the OIML and certain institutions such as ISO and the IEC with the objective of avoiding contradictory requirements Consequently manufacturers and users of measuring instruments test laboratories etc may simultaneously apply OIML publications and those of other institutions International Recommendations Documents Guides and Basic Publications are published in English E and translated into French F and are subject to periodic revision Additionally the OIML publishes or participates in the publication of Vocabularies OIML V and periodically commissions legal metrology experts to write Expert Reports OIML E Expert Reports are intended to provide information and advice and are written solely from the viewpoint of their author without the involvement of a Technical Committee or Subcommittee nor that of the CIML Thus they do not necessarily represent the views of the OIML This publication reference OIML R 46 1 2 edition 2012 E was developed by OIML TC 12 Instruments for measuring electrical quantities It was approved for final publication by the International Committee of Legal Metrology at its 47th meeting in Bucharest Romania in October 2012 It was sanctioned by the 14th International Conference in 2012 OIML Publications may be downloaded from the OIML web site in the form of PDF files Additional information on OIML Publications may be
26. operating conditions shall be the combination of all Unom 10 intervals Current I st to Tmax Iyax n Imin and Zx are to be specified by the manufacturer in accordance with the following Direct Accuracy class connected A B C D Tax T 50 gt 50 gt 50 gt 50 Tmax Loin gt 100 gt 125 gt 250 gt 250 Tmax T 21000 21250 gt 1250 gt 1250 Transformer Accuracy class operated A B C D Tax T gt 24 gt 24 gt 24 gt 24 Dos In 260 gt 120 2120 gt 120 Tax T 480 gt 600 gt 1200 gt 1200 Note gt 60 for class B transformer operated electromechanical meters Power factor From 0 5 inductive to 1 to 0 8 capacitive except for classes C and D where the operating range is from 0 5 inductive to 1 to 0 5 capacitive For bi directional meters the power factor range limits are valid in both directions Temperature From lower temperature limit to upper temperature limit as specified by manufacturer The manufacturer shall specify the lower temperature limit from the values 55 C 40 C 25 C 10 C 5 C The manufacturer shall specify the upper temperature limit from the values 30 C 40 C 55 C 70 C Humidity and water With respect to humidity the manufacturer shall specify the environment class for which the instrument is intended H1 enclosed locations where the instruments are no
27. the measurement registers due to disturbances e the functionality of the meter has become impaired 13 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 2 2 32 2 2 33 2 2 34 2 2 35 2 2 36 2 2 37 2 2 38 2 2 39 2 2 40 3 3 1 checking facility facility that is incorporated in a measuring instrument and which enables significant faults to be detected and acted upon Note 1 Acted upon refers to any adequate response by the measuring instrument luminous signal acoustic signal prevention of the measurement process etc OIML V 1 2013 5 07 Note 2 For the application of this Recommendation the term measuring instrument means electricity meter and the action following the detection of a significant fault should be either to stop measuring and record the time and duration of the stop or record the time and duration of the fault and the amount of energy measured during the fault Note 3 Faults that are detected and acted upon by means of a checking facility shall not be considered as significant faults primary register register that is subject to the requirements of this Recommendation bi directional energy flow capability of the meter to measure energy flow in both directions positive and negative positive direction only energy flow capability of the meter to measure energy flow in only one direction positive direction uni directional energy flow capability of the meter to measure energy flow
28. verify compliance with the provisions of 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 under conditions of operation of ancillary devices The operation of ancillary devices shall be tested to ensure that they do not affect the metrological performance of the meter In this test the meter shall be operated at reference conditions and its error continuously monitored while ancillary devices such as communication devices relays and other I O circuits are operated The functionality of the meter shall not be impaired and the error shift due to the operation of the ancillary devices shall always be less than the error shift limit specified in Table 5 I and Imax at PF 1 53 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 6 4 13 Mechanical tests 6 4 13 1 Applicable standards Object of the test Test procedure Test severity Allowed effects Mandatory test points 6 4 13 2 Shock Applicable standard Object of the test Test procedure Test severity Allowed effects Mandatory test points Vibrations TEC 60068 2 47 IEC 60068 2 64 To verify compliance with the provisions of 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 under conditions of vibrations The meter shall in turn be tested in three mutually perpendicular axes whilst mounted on a rigid fixture by its normal mounting means The meter shall normally be mounted so that the gravitational force acts in the same direction as it would in normal use Where the effect of gravitational force is not importan
29. 0529 cor2 2007 and IEC 60529 Corr 3 2009 10 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures IP Code Applies to the classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment with a rated voltage not exceeding 72 5 kV Has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 TEC 61000 4 1 2006 Electromagnetic compatibility EMC Part 4 1 Testing and measurement techniques Overview of IEC 61000 4 series Gives applicability assistance to the users and manufacturers of electrical and electronic equipment on EMC standards within the IEC 61000 4 series on testing and measurement techniques Provides general recommendations concerning the choice of relevant tests IEC 61000 4 2 2008 Electromagnetic compatibility EMC Part 4 2 Testing and measurement techniques Electrostatic discharge immunity test IEC 61000 4 3 2010 Electromagnetic compatibility EMC Part 4 3 Testing and measurement techniques Radiated radio frequency electromagnetic field immunity test Relates to the immunity requirements and test methods for electrical and electronic equipment subjected to static electricity discharges from operators directly and to adjacent objects Additionally defines ranges of test levels which relate to different environmental and installation conditions and establishes test procedures The object of this standard is to establi
30. OIML R 46 1 2 Edition 2012 E INTERNATIONAL OIML R 46 1 2 RECOMMENDATION Edition 2012 E Active electrical energy meters Part 1 Metrological and technical requirements Part 2 Metrological controls and performance tests Compteurs actifs d nergie lectrique Partie 1 Exigences m trologies et techniques Partie 2 Contr les m trologiques et essais de performance ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE M TROLOGIE L GALE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF LEGAL METROLOGY OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Contents FOTO WOT DEE 7 Part 1 Metrological and technical requirements ss 8 T SCOPE ech P E 8 2 Terms and definitions morer pere teri ipic Meere Ee pues en reir aep eir M 8 2 Meters and their constituents iion eret tree nene E eee e eeu Een eege 8 2 1 1 electricity E 8 2 1 2 anteryvalumeter Aer teen nee en nn ne E te 8 213 Ee 8 2 1 4 multi tariff meter multi rate meter 8 2 1 5 direct connected EE 8 2 1 6 transformer operated meter seen 8 24 7 Jele ctromechanical metet 5 sisi ennemi ed 9 2 1 8 Static meter iis io aee ter pee nto e e estet ped E ie e ERRARE ERE EE 9 2 1 9 ER 9 2 1 10 c rrent circuit a oe eT erc epp e eR EH e REN 9 241 11 Voltage circuit st ineo OR eee erben 9 2 1 12 indicating devices display iet err te ep e e i ene het 9 2 1 13 TegIStet ee er rt ht restes i po tpe A d nsi rep dee e d 9 2 1 14 sprimary fat
31. Unity 2 5 1 5 1 0 0 4 Twin S I lt Iy 0 5 inductive to 1 to 0 8 capacitive 42 5 1 8 1 0 0 5 I amp S I lt Imin Unity E2 5dau I 1S in X1044 1 x0444 I D The national authority may specify that the power factor requirement is from 0 5 inductive to 1 to 0 5 capacitive Note The combined maximum permissible error CMPE and the combined maximum error CME resulting from the type evaluation can be calculated as presented in Annex B B 1 and B 2 Regional or national authorities may require this CME to fulfil the CMPE or to meet other limits not related to the CMPE determined by the regional or national authorities 17 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 3 3 4 No load No significant energy shall be registered under conditions of no load refer to section 6 2 4 for the test procedure Note The meter is always allowed to stop for currents below Zy 3 3 5 Allowed effects of influence quantities The temperature coefficient of the meter shall fulfil the requirements of Table 3 when the meter is otherwise operated at reference conditions Table 3 Limits for temperature coefficient of error Limits for temperature coefficient Influence quantity Power K for meters of class factor B C D Temperature coefficient K over any interval 1 0 1 0 05 0 03 0 01 within the temperature range which is not less than 15K and not greater than 23K for current 0 5 0 15 0 07 0
32. Unom and 0 V If the meter has a distinct shut down voltage then mandatory test points shall include one point above and one point below the shut down voltage The lower test point shall be within a 2 V range below the shut down voltage The upper test point shall be within a 2 V range above the turn on voltage 6 3 9 One or two phases interrupted Object of the test Test procedure To verify that the error shift due to one or two phases interrupted complies with the requirements of Table 4 The test is only for poly phase meters with three measuring elements The error shift compared to the intrinsic error at balanced voltage and load current conditions shall be measured when one or two of the phases are removed while keeping the load current constant Two phases interrupted is only for those 40 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Mandatory test points connection modes where a missing phase means that energy can be delivered A poly phase meter which is powered from only one of its phases shall not have the voltage of that phase interrupted for the purposes of this test The test shall at minimum be performed at 10 Zy with one or two of the phases removed in combinations such that each phase has been removed at least once 6 3 10 Sub harmonics in the AC current circuit Object of the test Test procedure Mandatory test points To verify that the error shift due to sub harmonics complies with the requirements of T
33. able 4 The error shift compared to the intrinsic error at sinusoidal conditions shall be measured when the sinusoidal reference current is replaced by another sinusoidal signal with twice the peak value and which is switched on and off every second period as shown by Figure 3 a and b The measured power should then be the same as for the original sinusoidal signal while the r m s current is 1 41 times higher Care should be taken that no significant DC current is introduced During the test the peak value of the current shall not exceed 1 4 Lmax The test shall at minimum be performed at a reference current of 10 Iy PF 1 41 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Amplitude pu eo fi 4d 0 5 Cycles a Continuous test current for intrinsic error Amplitude pu o E fi 1 2 T Cycles b Sub harmonic test current 2 cycles on 2 cycles off 24 14 Amplitude pu oO Cycles c Harmonic test current zero current during phase angles of 0 90 and 180 270 Figure 3 Test currents for sub harmonics and harmonics tests 6 3 11 Harmonics in the AC current circuit Object of the test Test procedure Mandatory test points To verify that the error shift due to harmonics in the AC current circuit complies with the requirements of Table 4 The error shift compared to the intrinsic error at sinusoidal conditions shall be measured when th
34. ace shall not be circumvented 3 6 6 4 There shall be an unambiguous assignment of each command to all initiated functions or data changes in the legally relevant part of the software Commands that communicate through the software interface shall be declared and documented Only documented commands are allowed to be activated through the software interface The manufacturer shall state the completeness of the documentation of commands 3 6 7 Storage of data transmission via communication systems 3 6 7 1 General If measurement values are used at another place than the place of measurement or at a later time than the time of measurement they possibly have to leave the meter electronic device sub assembly and be stored or transmitted in an insecure environment before they are used for legal purposes In this case the following requirements apply 3 6 7 1 1 The measurement value stored or transmitted shall be accompanied by all relevant information necessary for future legally relevant use 25 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 3 6 7 1 2 The data shall be protected by software means to guarantee the authenticity integrity and if necessary correctness of the information concerning the time of measurement The software that displays or further processes the measurement values and accompanying data shall check the time of measurement authenticity and integrity of the data after having read them from the insecure storage or after having receive
35. age V from rated system voltage V V lt 100 3 000 100 lt V lt 150 6 000 150 lt V lt 300 10 000 300 lt V lt 600 12 000 Note The national authority may change the applicable rated impulse voltage levels 6 4 10 3 Impulse voltage tests for circuits and between circuits Test procedure The test shall be made independently on each circuit or assembly of circuits which is insulated from other circuits of the meter in normal use The terminals of the circuits which are not subjected to impulse voltage shall be connected to earth Thus when the voltage and current circuits of a measuring element are connected together in normal use the test shall be made on the whole The other end of the voltage circuit shall be connected to earth and the impulse voltage shall be applied between the terminal of the current circuit and earth When several voltage circuits of a meter have a common point this point shall be connected to earth and the impulse voltage successively applied between each of the free ends of the connections or the current circuit connected to it and earth The other end of this current circuit shall be open When the voltage and current circuits of the same measuring element are separated and appropriately insulated in normal use e g each circuit connected to measuring transformer the test shall be made separately on each circuit During the test of a current circuit the terminals of the other
36. arameter where software updates for instruments in use are not allowed In this case it must not be possible to update legally relevant software without breaking the seal 26 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Software which is not necessary for the correct functioning of the electricity meter does not require verification after being updated 3 6 8 1 Only versions of legally relevant software that conform to the approved type are allowed for use This issue concerns verification in the field 3 6 8 2 Verified update The software to be updated can be loaded locally i e directly on the measuring device or remotely via a network Loading and installation may be two different steps or combined into one depending on the needs of the technical solution A person should be on the installation site of the electricity meter to check the effectiveness of the update After the update of the legally relevant software of an electricity meter exchange with another approved version or re installation the electricity meter is not allowed to be employed for legal purposes before a verification of the instrument has been performed and the securing means have been renewed 3 6 8 3 Traced update The software is implemented in the instrument according to the requirements for traced update 3 6 8 3 1 to 3 6 8 3 7 Traced update is the procedure of changing software in a verified instrument or device after which the subsequent verification by a responsible pe
37. art including a declaration that all legally relevant functions are included in the description description of the software interfaces of the legally relevant software part and of the commands and data flows via this interface including a statement of completeness description of the generation of the software identification list of parameters to be protected and description of protection means e a description of security means of the operating system password etc if applicable 30 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 e adescription of the software sealing method s e an overview of the system hardware e g topology block diagram type of computer s type of network etc e where a hardware component is deemed legally relevant or where it performs legally relevant functions this should also be identified e a description of the accuracy of the algorithms e g filtering of A D conversion results price calculation rounding algorithms etc e adescription of the user interface menus and dialogues e the software identification and instructions for obtaining it from an instrument in use e list of commands of each hardware interface of the measuring instrument electronic device sub assembly including a statement of completeness list of durability errors that are detected by the software and if necessary for understanding a description of the detecting algorithms e adescription of data sets stored or transmit
38. atory test points TEC 61000 4 12 To verify compliance with the requirements of 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 under conditions of damped oscillatory waves This test is only for meters intended to be operated with voltage transformers The meter is subjected to damped oscillatory voltage waveforms with a peak voltage according to the test severity stated below Meters shall be tested as table top equipment Meters shall be in operating condition Voltage circuits energized with nominal voltage With 20 1 and power factor one and 0 5 inductive Test voltage on voltage circuits and auxiliary circuits with an operating voltage gt 40 V e common mode 2 5 kV e differential mode 1 0 kV Test frequencies e 100 kHz repetition rate 40 Hz e 1 MHz repetition rate 400 Hz Test duration 60 s 15 cycles with 2 s on 2 s off for each frequency During the test the function of the meter shall not be perturbed and the error shift shall be less than the limits given in Table 5 20 I PF 1 and 0 5 inductive 6 4 9 Short time overcurrent Object of the test Test procedure Test current Allowed effects Mandatory test points To verify compliance with the requirements of 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 under conditions of a short time overcurrent The meter shall be able to handle the current caused by a short circuit within the load being metered when that load is protected with the proper fuses or breakers For direct connect
39. cal device or an electronic device and may be integral to the indicating device primary rated register for transformer operated meters register where the scale factor s due to the used instrument transformer s is considered such that the measured energy on the primary side of the instrument transformer s is indicated register multiplier constant with which the register reading shall be multiplied to obtain the value of the metered energy meter constant value expressing the relation between the energy registered by the meter and the corresponding value of the test output test output device which can be used for testing the meter providing pulses or the means to provide pulses corresponding to the energy measured by the meter adjustment device device or function incorporated in the meter that allows the error curve to be shifted with a view to bringing errors of indication within the maximum permissible errors OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 2 1 19 2 1 20 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 5 2 2 6 2 2 7 2 2 8 2 2 9 2 2 10 2 2 11 ancillary device device intended to perform a particular function directly involved in elaborating transmitting or displaying measurement results OIML V 1 2013 5 06 Note An ancillary device is not part of the basic metrology function of a meter sub assembly part of a device having a recognizable function of its own Metrological characteristics curr
40. card it and use the previous version of the software or switch to an inoperable mode In this mode the measuring functions shall be inhibited It shall only be possible to resume the download procedure without omitting any steps in the process for traced update 3 6 8 3 5 Appropriate technical means e g an audit trail shall be employed to ensure that traced updates of legally relevant software are adequately traceable within the instrument for subsequent verification and surveillance or inspection The audit trail shall contain at minimum the following information success failure of the update procedure software identification of the installed version software identification of the previous installed version time stamp of the event identification of the downloading party An entry shall be generated for each update attempt regardless of the success The storage device that supports the traced update shall have sufficient capacity to ensure the traceability of traced updates of legally relevant software between at least two successive verifications in the field inspection After having reached the limit of the storage for the audit trail it shall be ensured by technical means that further downloads are impossible without breaking a seal Note This requirement enables inspection authorities which are responsible for the metrological surveillance of legally controlled instruments to back trace traced updates of legally relevant software ove
41. ccurred cf 2 2 31 and 2 2 32 Note The indication could take the form of a light flashing in the event of a fault 16 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 3 3 2 Direction of energy flow Where a manufacturer has specified that a meter shall be capable of bidirectional energy flow the meter shall correctly handle both positive and negative mean energy flow and the meter shall fulfil the requirement of this Recommendation for energy flow in both directions The polarity of energy flow shall be defined by the manufacturer s connection instructions for the meter Mean energy flow refers to the active power integrated over at least one cycle of the nominal frequency A meter shall fall into at least one of the following categories e single register bi directional where the meter is specified as capable of measuring both positive and negative mean energy flow and where the net result will be placed in a single register e two register bi directional where the meter is specified as capable of measuring both positive and negative mean energy flow as defined by the connection of the meter and where the positive result and negative result are placed in different registers e single register positive direction only where the meter is specified as capable of measuring and registering only positive mean energy flow It may inherently by its design register only positive mean energy flow or it may be equipped with a reverse running det
42. ce does not have any control capability to activate the indication of the software identification on the display or the display does not technically allow the identification of the software to be shown analog indicating device or electromechanical counter 2 Theelectricity meter does not have an interface to communicate the software identification 3 After production of the electricity meter a change of the software is not possible or only possible if the hardware or a hardware component is also changed The manufacturer of the hardware or the concerned hardware component is responsible for ensuring that the software identification is correctly marked on the concerned meter The software identification and the means of identification shall be stated in the type approval certificate 3 6 3 Software protection 3 6 3 1 Prevention of misuse An electricity meter shall be constructed in such a way that possibilities for unintentional accidental or intentional misuse are minimal 3 6 3 0 Fraud protection 3 6 3 2 1 The legally relevant software shall be secured against unauthorized modification loading or changes by swapping the memory device A secure means such as mechanical or electronic sealing is required to secure electricity meters having an option to load software parameters 3 6 3 2 2 Only clearly documented functions see 4 1 are allowed to be activated by the user interface which shall be realized in such a way that it does
43. circuits shall be connected to earth and the impulse voltage shall be applied between one of the terminals of the current circuit and earth During the test of a voltage circuit the terminals of the other circuits and one of the terminals of the voltage circuit under test shall be connected to earth and the impulse voltage shall be applied between the other terminal of the voltage circuit and earth The auxiliary circuits intended to be connected either directly to the mains or to the same voltage transformers as the meter circuits and with a reference voltage over 40 V shall be subjected to the impulse voltage test by being tied together with a voltage circuit during tests The other auxiliary circuits shall not be tested 6 4 10 4 Impulse voltage test of electric circuits relative to earth Test procedure Allowed effects All the terminals of the electric circuits of the meter including those of the auxiliary circuits with a reference voltage over 40 V shall be connected together The auxiliary circuits with a reference voltage below or equal to 40 V shall be connected to earth The impulse voltage shall be applied between all the electric circuits and earth During this test no flashover disruptive discharge or puncture shall occur 52 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 6 4 11 Earth fault Object of the test Test procedure Allowed effects Mandatory test points To verify compliance with the provisions of 3 3 6 2 an
44. conomic impact of unavoidable measurement errors While class A meters may be acceptable for situations involving low energy consumption higher class indices should be used when higher rates of energy consumption are involved The accuracy of the meter will be independent of the power grid characteristics for most meter connection modes however there may be a need to evaluate the influence of grid characteristics especially for meters with higher class indices in cases where there are underlying assumptions of grid symmetry and or lack of leakage currents It is possible that contributions to the overall meter error due to grid characteristics in such situations may be larger than contributions from the meter itself especially at higher accuracy it may therefore be appropriate to limit the use of connection modes of this type C 1 2 Matters not covered by the scope of this Recommendation This Recommendation is limited to describing the relevant metrological requirements of an electricity meter and therefore does not cover certain matters which may or should be regulated by legislation such as a EMC emissions b Electrical safety and personal safety c Security of communication protocols and further handling of measurement results 72
45. controls and performance tests 4 Type approval 4 1 Documentation The documentation submitted with the application for type approval shall include e identification of the type including name or trademark and type designation version s of hardware and software drawing of name plate e metrological characteristics of the meter including a description of the principle s of measurement metrological specifications such as accuracy class and rated operating conditions section 3 1 any steps which should be performed prior to testing the meter e the technical specification for the meter including a block diagram with a functional description of the components and devices drawings diagrams and general software information explaining the construction and operation including interlocks description and position of seals or other means of protection documentation related to durability characteristics any document or other evidence that the design and construction of the meter complies with the requirements of this Recommendation specified clock frequencies energy consumption of the meter e user manual e installation manual e a description of the checking facility for significant faults if applicable In addition software documentation shall include e adescription of the legally relevant software and how the requirements are met list of software modules that belong to the legally relevant p
46. ct of voltage and current P t u t it where u is the instantaneous voltage iis the instantaneous current p is the instantaneous power At sinusoidal conditions active power is the product of the r m s values of current and voltage and the cosine of the phase angle between them calculated for each phase It is usually expressed in kW PSU ul cos r m s active energy active power integrated over time T T Notel E T ro dt f u t t dt 0 0 where E is the active energy Other symbols are as defined in 2 2 15 Note 2 Active energy is usually expressed in kWh or MWh Refer to 3 1 for requirements on units of measurement relative error of indication indication minus reference quantity value divided by the reference quantity value Note 1 The relative error is usually expressed as a percentage of the reference quantity value Note 2 Since this Recommendation deals only with relative error the short form error is used for relative error maximum permissible error mpe extreme value of measurement error with respect to a known reference quantity value permitted by specifications or regulations for a given measurement measuring instrument or measuring system Note 1 Usually the term maximum permissible errors or limits of errors is used where there are two extreme values Note 2 The term tolerance should not be used to designate maximum permissible error 11 OIML R 46
47. d Table 5 under conditions of earth fault This test only applies to three phase four wire transformer operated meters connected to distribution networks which are equipped with earth fault neutralizers or in which the star point is isolated In the case of an earth fault and with 10 overvoltage the line to earth voltages of the two lines which are not affected by the earth fault will rise to 1 9 times the nominal voltage The following test requirements apply For a test under a simulated earth fault condition in one of the three lines all voltages are increased to 1 1 times the nominal voltages during 4 h The neutral terminal of the meter under test is disconnected from the ground terminal of the meter test equipment MTE and is connected to the MTE s line terminal at which the earth fault has to be simulated see Figure 5 In this way the two voltage terminals of the meter under test which are not affected by the earth fault are connected to 1 9 times the nominal phase voltages After the test the meter shall show no damage and shall operate correctly The change of error measured when the meter is back at nominal working temperature shall not exceed the limits given in Table 5 10 J power factor 1 balanced load Meter under test Meter test equipment Figure 5 Set up for earth fault test 6 4 12 Operation of ancillary devices Object of the test Test procedure Allowed effects Mandatory test points To
48. d by overvoltages from switching and lightning transients Several test levels are defined which relate to different environment and installation conditions These requirements are developed for and are applicable to electrical and electronic equipment Establishes a common reference for evaluating the performance of equipment when subjected to high energy disturbances on the power and inter connection lines 25 IEC 61000 4 6 2008 Electromagnetic compatibility EMC Part 4 6 Testing and measurement techniques Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by radio frequency fields Relates to the conducted immunity requirements of electrical and electronic equipment to electromagnetic disturbances coming from intended radio frequency RF transmitters in the frequency range 9 kHz 80 MHz Equipment not having at least one conducting cable such as mains supply signal line or earth connection which can couple the equipment to the disturbing RF fields is excluded 26 IEC 61000 4 8 Ed 2 0 2009 09 Electromagnetic compatibility EMC Part 4 8 Testing and measurement techniques Power frequency magnetic field immunity test Relates to the immunity requirements of equipment only under operational conditions to magnetic disturbances at power frequency related to residential and commercial locations industrial installations and power plants and medium voltage and high voltage sub s
49. d their tolerance are given to ensure reproducibility between testing laboratories not to determine the accuracy of the tests The demands on short time stability during test for influence factors may be much higher than shown in this table Table 9 Load conditions and their tolerances in tests Tolerance Class A B 2 Class C D 1 96 Quantity Conditions Current s Current range of device under test Power factor Power factor range of device under test current to voltage phase difference 2 Note The load conditions and their tolerance are given to ensure reproducibility between testing laboratories not to determine the accuracy of the tests The demands on short time stability during test for influence factors may be much higher than shown in Table 9 For most tests the measured power will be constant if the other influence quantities are kept constant at reference conditions However this is not possible for some tests such as influence of voltage variation and load unbalance Therefore the error shift shall always be measured as the shift of the relative error and not of the absolute power 6 2 6 2 1 Object of the test Tests for compliance with maximum permissible errors Determination of initial intrinsic error To verify that the error of the meter at reference conditions is less than the relevant base mpe given in Table 2 33 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Test proc
50. d them from an insecure transmission channel If an irregularity is detected the data shall be discarded or marked unusable Confidential keys employed for protecting data shall be kept secret and secured in the electricity meter Means shall be provided whereby these keys can only be input or read if a seal is broken 3 6 7 1 3 Software modules that prepare data for storing or sending or that check data after reading or receiving belong to the legally relevant software part 3 6 7 2 Automatic storing 3 6 7 2 1 When data storage is required measurement data must be stored automatically when the measurement is concluded i e when the final value has been generated When the final value is from a calculation all data that are necessary for the calculation must be automatically stored with the final value 3 6 7 2 2 The storage device must have sufficient permanency to ensure that the data are not corrupted under normal storage conditions There shall be sufficient memory storage for any particular application 3 6 7 2 3 Stored data may be deleted if either e the transaction is settled or e these data are printed by a printing device subject to legal control Note This shall not apply to the cumulative register and audit trail 3 6 7 2 4 After the requirements in 3 6 7 2 3 are fulfilled and when the storage is full it is permitted to delete memorized data when both of the following conditions are met e data are deleted in the same ord
51. ddition for the purposes of this Recommendation the following definitions shall apply 2 1 Meters and their constituents 2 1 1 electricity meter instrument intended to measure electrical energy continuously by integrating power with respect to time and to store the result Note It is recognized that continuously may also cover meters with a sampling rate sufficiently high to fulfil the requirements of this Recommendation 2 1 2 interval meter electricity meter which displays and stores the result as measured in predetermined time intervals 2 4 3 prepayment meter electricity meter intended to allow electrical energy to be delivered up to a predetermined amount Note 1 Such a meter measures energy continuously and stores and displays the measured energy Note 2 National authorities may specify requirements in relation to prepayment meters 2 1 4 multi tariff meter multi rate meter electricity meter intended to measure and display electrical energy where energy will have more than one tariff rate Note The tariff rate may be determined by time load or some other quantity 2 1 5 direct connected meter meter intended for use by direct connection to the circuit s being measured without the use of external device s such as instrument transformer s 2 1 6 transformer operated meter meter intended for use with one or more external instrument transformers OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 2 1 10 2 1 11 2 1 12 2 1 13 2
52. e of a specimen when no forced air circulation is used airflow on chamber conditions on surface temperatures of test specimens wire termination dimensions and material on surface temperature of a component measurements of temperature air velocity and emission coefficient 64 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 TEC 60068 3 4 2001 Environmental testing Part 3 4 Supporting documentation and guidance Damp heat tests Provides the necessary information to assist in preparing relevant specifications such as standards for components or equipment in order to select appropriate tests and test severities for specific products and in some cases specific types of application The object of damp heat tests is to determine the ability of products to withstand the stresses occurring in a high relative humidity environment with or without condensation and with special regard to variations of electrical and mechanical characteristics Damp heat tests may also be utilized to check the resistance of a specimen to some forms of corrosion attack er IEC 60512 14 7 1997 Electromechanical components for electronic equipment Basic testing procedures and measuring methods Part 14 Sealing tests Section 7 Test 14g Impacting water Defines a standard test method to assess the effects of impacting water or specified fluid on electrical connecting devices IEC 60529 2001 Corigenda IEC 60529 cor1 2003 IEC 6
53. e sinusoidal reference current as shown in Figure 3 a is replaced by a current with twice the original peak value where the sinusoidal waveform is set to zero during the first and third quarters of the period as shown by Figure 3 c The measured power should then be the same as for the original sinusoidal signal while the r m s current is 1 41 times higher During the test the peak value of the current shall not exceed 1 4 Imax The test shall at minimum be performed at a reference current of 10 I PF 1 Additional test points may be specified by national authorities 42 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 6 3 12 Reversed phase sequence any two phases interchanged Object of the test To verify that the error shift due to interchanging any two of the three phases complies with the requirements of Table 4 This test only applies to three phase meters Test procedure The error shift compared to the intrinsic error at reference conditions shall be measured when any two of the three phases are interchanged Mandatory test points The test shall at minimum be performed at a reference current of 10 PF 1 with any two of the three phases interchanged Additional test points may be specified by national authorities 6 3 13 Continuous DC magnetic induction of external origin Applicable standard None Object of the test To verify that the error shift due to continuous DC magnetic induction of external origin complies with t
54. easuring instrument and measuring system mean electricity meter accuracy class class of measuring instruments or measuring systems that meet stated metrological requirements that are intended to keep measurement errors or instrumental measurement uncertainties within specified limits under specified operating conditions OIML V 2 200 2012 4 25 Note In this Recommendation the stated metrological requirements for accuracy class include permissible responses to disturbances durability ability of the measuring instrument to maintain its performance characteristics over a period of use OIML V 1 2013 5 15 fault difference between the error of indication and the intrinsic error of a measuring instrument Note 1 Principally a fault is the result of an undesired change of data contained in or flowing through a measuring instrument Note 2 From the definition it follows that a fault is a numerical value which is expressed either in a unit of measurement or as a relative value for instance as a percentage OIML D11 2004 3 9 Note 3 In this Recommendation the above definition does not apply to the term earth fault in which the word fault has its usual dictionary meaning significant fault fault exceeding the applicable fault limit value OIML D11 2004 3 10 Note The following are also considered to be significant faults e a change larger than the critical change value see 3 3 6 2 has occurred in
55. ecified humidity class H2 H3 Severity levels 1 2 Upper temperature C 40 55 Duration cycles 2 2 During the test no significant fault shall occur Immediately after the test the meter shall operate correctly and comply with the accuracy requirements of Table 4 24 h after the test the meter shall be submitted to a functional test during which it shall be demonstrated to operate correctly There shall be no evidence of any mechanical damage or corrosion which may affect the functional properties of the meter TEC 60068 2 18 IEC 60512 14 7 IEC 60529 To verify compliance with the provisions in 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 under conditions of rain and water splashes The test is applicable to meters that are specified for open locations H3 The meter is mounted on an appropriate fixture and is subjected to impacting water generated from either an oscillating tube or a spray nozzle used to simulate spraying or splashing water 57 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Test conditions The meter shall be in functional mode during the test Flow rate per nozzle 0 07 L min Duration 10 min Angle of inclination 0 and 180 Allowed effects During the test no significant fault shall occur Immediately after the test the meter shall operate correctly and comply with the accuracy requirements of Table 2 24 h after the test the meter shall be submitted to a functional test during which it shall be demonstrated to operate cor
56. ecord may not be changed or zeroed without breaking a seal and or without authorized access for example by means of a code password or of a special device hard key etc 3 7 Suitability for use 3 7 1 Readability of result The meter shall have one or more indicating device s which is are capable of presenting or displaying the numerical value of each legal unit of measure for which the meter is approved The indicating device shall be easy to read and the characters of measurement results shall as minimum be 4 mm high Any decimal fractions shall be clearly indicated for mechanical registers any decimal fraction drum shall be marked differently The indicating device shall not be significantly affected by exposure to normal operating conditions over the maximum duration of the meter lifetime The indicating device shall be able to display all data relevant for billing purposes In the case of multiple values presented by a single indicating device it shall be possible to display the content of all relevant memories For automatic sequencing displays each display of register for billing purposes shall be retained for a minimum of 5 s For multi tariff meters the register which reflects the active tariff shall be indicated It shall be possible to read each tariff register locally and each register shall be clearly identified Electronic registers shall be non volatile so that they retain stored values upon loss of power Stored values
57. ectricity metering equipment ISO 4892 3 Plastics Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources Part 3 Fluorescent UV lamps Specifies methods for exposing specimens to fluorescent UV radiation and water in apparatus to designed reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed in actual end use environments to daylight or to daylight through window glass 67 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Annex B Estimation of combined errors Informative B 1 Estimate of combined maximum permissible error based on the requirements of this Recommendation This Recommendation permits a base maximum permissible error plus an error shift caused by influence quantities The actual error of a complying meter when in use could therefore exceed the base maximum permissible error There is a need to estimate an overall maximum permissible error that indicates the largest error that can reasonably be attributed to a meter type that complies with this Recommendation This entails estimating the errors of a measurement of an arbitrary meter within the rated operating conditions However adding the base maximum permissible error and all error shifts algebraically would give a much too pessimistic estimate of the metering uncertainty for two reasons For an arbitrary set of influence factor values some of the error shifts will be low and some will probably have opposite signs tending to cancel each oth
58. ed feglster eee cet EU REO pte A bert niet dire tbe en nent 9 2 1 15 E ONE 9 QMAG meter COnstatibixis i EELER Ee 9 STE ACSLOULPUL ie soie ee RR bere ier ee ee E 9 2 1 18 adjustment deleng 9 2 1 19 ancillary device ss eee e Dar RO Ee 10 2 1 20 sub assembly oe ei eO ER Re Eg rhe POE dE E S 10 2 2 Metrological characteristiCs te metet ep tee D URP Te DER HIR ER RE Een bad 10 221 CUPTENE O A RE 10 222 starting current Lo EE 10 22 3 MINIMUM current i ete tet iiec oti dein a teile etie SE idees 10 2 2 4 transitional current I1 ENIRO LA uU c UN 10 2 2 5 maximum current E E iere eet etn tede rr EE Ede esee espe E tres 10 2 2 6 voltage CU sn e EEGENEN 10 2 2 7 nominal voltage Usines nie An Monnet nn E EAS a n 10 2 2 8 frequency EE 10 2 29 nominal frequency fon WEE 10 2 210 harmonie erret pee ee ie eee pese ete ater eee MT Mn EE 10 2 2 SUDANATIMOMIC EE 10 2 2 12 harmonic number cemere te See eve EO reet ORE OUR Ce BERS EUREN ERE 11 2 2 13 distortion factor NEE 11 2 2 14 power tacto PB a teta ee eo RE e EUR Gee bee Een ee mise do ERR ERE 11 2 2 15 active po Weh i eoe EEUU see ee a se HNCQUR HE 11 2 2 16 active energy cis ooa eR Le Eaters Sali a PSI NEIGE 11 2 2 17 relative error of mdication eerte nente tete EEN 11 2 2 18 maximum permissible error Mpe eene rennen tenter trennen 11 2 2 19 base maximum permissible error Mpe ss 12 2 2 20 maximum pe
59. ed meters 30 4 0 10 96 for one half cycle at rated frequency or equivalent For meters connected through current transformers A current equivalent to 20 Zmax 0 10 for 0 5 s The test current shall be applied to one phase at the time The test current value given is the r m s value not the peak value No damage shall occur With the voltage reconnected the meter shall be allowed to return to normal temperatures about 1 h The error shift compared to the initial error before the test shall then be less than the limit of error shift given by Table 5 10 4 PF 1 50 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 6 4 10 Impulse voltage 6 4 10 1 General Object of the test General test procedure General test conditions Allowed effects To verify compliance with the requirements of 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 under conditions of impulse voltage The meter and its incorporated ancillary devices if any shall be such that they retain adequate dielectric qualities taking account of the atmospheric influences and different voltages to which they are subjected under normal conditions of use The meter shall withstand the impulse voltage test as specified below The test shall be carried out only on complete meters For the purpose of this test the term earth has the following meaning a when the meter case is made of metal the earth is the case itself placed on a flat conducting surface b when the met
60. edure Mandatory test points Meters that are specified as being capable of bidirectional or unidirectional energy measurement as described in 3 3 2 shall meet the relevant base mpe requirements of Table 2 for energy flow in both positive and negative directions Meters that are specified as capable of measuring only positive energy flow as described in 3 3 2 shall meet the relevant base mpe requirements of Table 2 for positive energy flow These meters shall also be subjected to reversed energy flow in response to which the meter shall not register energy in the primary register or emit more than one pulse from the test output The test time shall be at least 1 min or the time that the test output would register 10 pulses in the positive energy flow direction or the time that the primary register would register 2 units of the least significant digit in the positive energy flow direction whichever is longest For reverse running detent designs that are prone to be affected by heating the test time shall be extended to 10 min at Zmax Mandatory test points are specified in Table 10 for positive negative and reverse flow tests National authorities shall select two mandatory test points as specified in Table 10 Note For the calculation of the combined maximum error as defined in Annex B B 2 1 or B 2 2 it may be required by national or regional authorities to implement some additional test points to cover the power factor range of at lea
61. efinition of maximum permissible error shift in 2 2 20 6 3 2 Temperature dependence Object of the test Test procedure Mandatory test points 6 3 3 Load balance Object of the test Test procedure Mandatory test points To verify that the temperature coefficient requirements of Table 3 are fulfilled For each test point the error of the meter shall be determined at the reference temperature at each of the upper and lower ambient temperature limits specified for the meter and at a sufficient number of other temperatures forming temperature intervals of between 15 K and 23 K that span the specified temperature range Furthermore for each test point and for each temperature interval given by adjacent upper or lower temperature limits including the reference temperature the mean temperature coefficient c shall be determined as follows Eu EI lu ti where e and e are the errors at the uppermost and the lowest temperatures respectively in the temperature interval of interest and t and f are the uppermost and the lowest temperatures respectively in the temperature interval of interest Each temperature coefficient shall be in accordance with the requirements of Table 3 The test shall at minimum be performed at PF 1 and PF 0 5 inductive and for currents of Z 10 Zy and Imax Note For the calculation of the combined maximum error as defined in Annex B B 2 1 or B 2 2 it may be required by nat
62. en eene eene enne 17 33 40 Nodo d ie PURSE nen amd GRISE 18 3 3 5 Allowed effects of influence ouantttes sess 18 3 3 6 Allowed effects of disturbances nenne nennen tren 20 3 4 Requirements for interval and multi tariff meters ss 22 33 gt Meter markings ete hi eni eio dea Ren favs eere tp peti ete po ht 22 3 6 Protection of metrological properties ss 23 3 6 1 IH 23 3 62 Software 1dentification ice ttem eet eret ENEE ig obe be 23 3 6 3 Software protection eege SEENEN EE 23 3 6 4 Parameter protection sin dee AR eG Aes RR ee aoe 24 3 6 5 Separation of electronic devices and sub assemblies 24 3 6 6 Separation of software parts cscsctssesscessseseesssesssestssssossevenevensheesovsosvassspdsvasvensseeoscesseescenegs 25 3 6 7 Storage of data transmission via communication systems 25 3 6 8 Maintenance and re configuration sise 26 3 6 9 Checking facility event record soenen eere deren eee Eed ease 28 Ga Sutability for Use o ette ee d potete dite te EO i ied ae pde e e pe 28 3 7 1 Readability of result erii eee t eite c tet E e oth tee dun 28 3 72 KE UE 28 3 8 D rability seien AG SAR eet NH ES EE HD SA athe E ig 29 3 9 Presumption of compliance nennen nennen trennen enne enn eene tentent entren nnn 29 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Part 2 Metro
63. ent e single register uni directional where the meter is specified as capable of measuring and registering the absolute value of the mean energy flow Normally such a meter will register all energy as consumed energy independent of the true direction of the energy flow or of how the meter is connected For bi directional meters energy registration shall occur in the correct register when the direction of flow changes Note 1 The terms single register and two register in the list above refer to the basic energy register s only A meter may have other registers e g for storage of tariff and or phase information Note 2 The national authority may determine what meter types and calculation methods are appropriate 3 3 3 Base maximum permissible errors The intrinsic error expressed in percent shall be within the base maximum permissible error stated in Table 2 when the current and power factor are varied within the limits given by Table 2 operating range and when the meter is otherwise operated at reference conditions National authorities may specify the base maximum permissible errors for subsequent verification and in service inspections Table 2 Base maximum permissible errors and no load requirements Quantit Base maximum permissible errors 96 y for meters of class Current 7 Power factor A B C D Unity 2 0 1 0 0 5 0 2 Ir SIS Imax i 0 5 inductive to 1 to 0 8 capacitive 2 5 15 0 6 0 3
64. ent J value of the electrical current flowing through the meter Note The term current in this Recommendation indicates r m s root mean square values unless otherwise specified starting current I lowest value of current specified by the manufacturer at which the meter should register electrical energy at unity power factor and for poly phase meters with balanced load minimum current Jin lowest value of current at which the meter is specified by the manufacturer to meet the accuracy requirements transitional current J value of current at and above which the meter is specified by the manufacturer to lie within the smallest maximum permissible error corresponding to the accuracy class of the meter maximum current Imax highest value of current at which the meter is specified by the manufacturer to meet the accuracy requirements voltage U value of the electrical voltage supplied to the meter Note The term voltage in this Recommendation indicates r m s root mean square values unless otherwise specified nominal voltage Unom voltage specified by the manufacturer for normal operation of the meter Note Meters designed for operation across a range of voltages may have several nominal voltage values frequency f frequency of the voltage and current supplied to the meter nominal frequency fi frequency of the voltage and current specified by the manufacturer for normal operation of the meter
65. entation and validation of the design 6 3 2 1 VFTSw Validation by functional testing of software functions 6 3 2 3 5 Test program The initial intrinsic error shall be determined as the first test on the meter as described in 6 2 1 At the beginning of any series of tests the meter shall be allowed to stabilize with voltage circuits energized for a period of time specified by the manufacturer The order of the test points for initial intrinsic error shall be from lowest current to highest current and then from highest current to lowest current For each test point the resulting error shall be the mean of these measurements For Jas the maximum measurement time shall be 10 min including stabilizing time The determination of the intrinsic error at reference conditions shall always be carried out before tests of influence quantities and before disturbance tests that relate to a limit of error shift requirement or to a significant fault condition for error Otherwise the order of tests is not prescribed in this Recommendation Test pulse outputs may be used for tests of accuracy requirements test must then be made to ensure that the relation between the basic energy register and the used test output complies with the manufacturer s specification If a meter is specified with alternate connection modes such as one phase connections for poly phase meters the tests for base maximum permissible error in accordance with 3 3 3 s
66. er as the recording order and the rules established for the particular application are respected e deletion is carried out either automatically or after a special manual operation that may require specific access rights 3 6 7 3 Data transmission 3 6 7 3 1 The measurement shall not be inadmissibly influenced by a transmission delay 3 6 7 3 2 If network services become unavailable no legally relevant measurement data shall be lost 3 6 7 4 Time stamp The time stamp shall be read from the clock of the device Setting the clock is considered as being legally relevant Appropriate protection means shall be taken according to 3 6 4 Internal clocks may be enhanced by specific means e g software means to reduce their uncertainty when the time of measurement is necessary for a specific field e g multi tariff meter interval meter 3 6 8 Maintenance and re configuration Updating the legally relevant software of an electricity meter in the field should be considered as e a modification of the electricity meter when exchanging the software with another approved version or e arepair of the electricity meter when re installing the same version An electricity meter which has been modified or repaired while in service may require initial or subsequent verification dependant on national regulations National authorities may prescribe that the software update mechanism is disabled by means of a sealable setting physical switch secured p
67. er case or only part of it is made of insulating material the earth is a conductive foil wrapped around the meter touching all accessible conductive parts and connected to the flat conducting surface on which the meter is placed The distances between the conductive foil and the terminals and between the conductive foil and the holes for the conductors shall be no more than 2 cm During the impulse voltage test the circuits that are not under test shall be connected to the earth Ambient temperature 15 C to 25 C Relative humidity 25 to 75 Atmospheric pressure 86 kPa to 106 kPa After completion of the impulse voltage test there shall be no damage to the meter and no significant fault shall occur 6 4 10 2 Impulse voltage test procedure Test conditions Impulse waveform 1 2 50 us impulse specified in IEC 60060 1 Voltage rise time 30 96 Voltage fall time 20 96 Source energy 10 0 J 1 0 J Test voltage in accordance with Table 15 Test voltage tolerance 0 10 Note The selection of the source impedance is at the discretion of the testing laboratory For each test see 6 4 10 3 and 6 4 10 4 the impulse voltage is applied ten times with one polarity and then repeated ten times with the other polarity The minimum time between impulses shall be 30 s 51 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Table 15 Impulse voltage test levels Voltage phase to earth derived Rated impulse volt
68. er out Furthermore the electricity meter is an integrating device thus the errors caused by influence quantities will average out to some extent as the values of the influence factors vary over time If we make the following assumptions a the integrating effect may be ignored b none of the effects of the influence factors are correlated c the values of the influence quantities are more likely to be close to the reference values than to limits of the rated operated conditions d the influence quantities and the effects of the influence factors can be treated as Gaussian distributions and thus a value of half the maximum permissible error shift can be used for the standard uncertainty then the combined maximum permissible error assuming a coverage factor of two corresponding to a coverage probability of approximately 95 can be estimated using the formula 2 v2 v 2 2 V yp 2 Vbase voltage frequency Vunbalance Vharmonic temperature 7086 48 p LLL NCE MONIC 4 4 4 4 4 4 where Vbase is the base maximum permissible error Bes is the maximum error shift permitted for voltage variation Vfrequncy is the maximum error shift permitted for frequency variation Vunbalance 18 the maximum error shift permitted for unbalance variation Vharmonies 18 the maximum error shift permitted for the variation of harmonic content Viemperature 1S the maximum error shift permitted for temperature variation Note 1 Thi
69. erformed at 10 Zy and at Imax PF 1 6 3 15 Electromagnetic fields 6 3 15 1 Radiated radio frequency RF electromagnetic fields Applicable standard TEC 61000 4 3 Object of the test To verify that the error shift due to radiated radio frequency electromagnetic fields complies with the requirements of Table 4 Meters such as electromechanical meters which have been constructed using only passive elements shall be assumed to be immune to radiated radiofrequency fields Note test condition 2 below corresponds to the disturbance test of 6 4 6 43 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Test procedure Test condition 1 Test condition 2 The error shift compared to the intrinsic error at sinusoidal conditions shall be measured when the meter is subjected to electromagnetic RF fields The electromagnetic field strength shall be as specified by the severity level and the field uniformity shall be as defined by the standard referenced The frequency ranges to be considered are swept with the modulated signal pausing to adjust the RF signal level or to switch oscillators and antennas as necessary Where the frequency range is swept incrementally the step size shall not exceed 1 of the preceding frequency value The test time for a 1 frequency change shall not be less than the time to make a measurement and in any case not less than 0 5 s The cable length exposed to the electromagnetic field shall be 1 m The test shall be perfo
70. ermissible error and the maximum permissible error shift as described in Annex B intrinsic error error of a measuring instrument determined under reference conditions OIML V 1 2013 0 06 initial intrinsic error intrinsic error of a measuring instrument as determined prior to performance tests and durability evaluations OIML V 1 2013 5 11 influence quantity quantity that in a direct measurement does not affect the quantity that is actually measured but affects the relation between the indication and the measurement result OIML V 2 200 2012 2 52 Note 1 The concept of influence quantity is understood to include values associated with measurement standards reference materials and reference data upon which the result of a measurement may depend as well as phenomena such as short term measuring instrument fluctuations and quantities such as ambient temperature barometric pressure and humidity Note 2 In the GUM 5 the concept influence quantity is defined as in the second edition of the VIM covering not only the quantities affecting the measuring system as in the definition above but also those quantities that affect the quantities actually measured Also in the GUM this concept is not restricted to direct measurements OIML V 2 200 2012 2 52 Note 2 influence factor influence quantity having a value which ranges within the rated operating conditions of a measuring instrument OIML V 1 2013 5 18 dist
71. est The meter shall be considered to have started if the output produces pulses or revolutions at a rate consistent with the base maximum permissible error requirements given by Table 2 The expected time t between two pulses period is given by 3 6x10 seconds m k U nom I st where kis the number of pulses emitted by the output device of the meter per kilowatt hour imp kWh or the number of revolutions per kilowatt hour rev kWh m is the number of elements the nominal voltage Unom is expressed in volts and the starting current Le expressed in amperes Steps for the test procedure 1 Start the meter 2 Allow 1 5 t seconds for the first pulse to occur 3 Allow another 1 5 t seconds for the second pulse to occur 4 Determine the effective time between the two pulses 5 Allow the effective time after the second pulse for the third pulse to occur Mandatory test points at unity power factor 6 2 4 Test of no load condition Object of the test Test procedure To verify the no load performance of the meter given in 3 3 4 For this test there shall be no current in the current circuit The test shall be performed at Unom For meters with a test output the output of the meter shall not produce more than one pulse For an electromechanical meter the rotor of the meter shall not make a complete revolution 35 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 The minimum test period Ar shall be 3
72. fore starting the tests the performance of the generator shall be verified At least 10 discharges in the most sensitive polarity shall be applied For a meter not equipped with a ground terminal the meter shall be fully discharged between discharges Contact discharge is the preferred test method Air discharges shall be used where contact discharge cannot be applied Direct application In the contact discharge mode to be carried out on conductive surfaces the electrode shall be in contact with the meter In the air discharge mode on insulated surfaces the electrode is approached to the meter and the discharge occurs by spark Indirect application The discharges are applied in the contact mode to coupling planes mounted in the vicinity of the meter Test conditions The test shall be done with the meter in operating condition The voltage circuits shall be energized with Unom and the current and auxiliary circuits shall be open without any current The meter shall be tested as table top equipment Allowed effects No significant fault shall occur Test severity Contact discharge voltage 8 kV Air discharge voltage 15 KV Note Contact discharges shall be applied on conductive surfaces Note Air discharges shall be applied on non conductive surfaces 6 4 4 Fast transients Applicable standards IEC 61000 4 1 IEC 61000 4 4 Object of the test To verify compliance with the requirements of 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 under conditions
73. g received commands the software checks the position of the switch in the non verified mode the command set that the software accepts is extended compared to the mode described above e g it may be possible to adjust the calibration factor by a command that is discarded in the verified mode 3 6 6 Separation of software parts 3 6 6 1 All software modules programs subroutines objects etc that perform legally relevant functions or that contain legally relevant data domains form the legally relevant software part of an electricity meter which shall be made identifiable as described in 3 6 2 If the software modules that perform legally relevant functions are not identified the whole software shall be considered as legally relevant 3 6 6 2 If the legally relevant software part communicates with other software parts a software interface shall be defined All communication shall be performed exclusively via this interface The legally relevant software part and the interface shall be clearly documented All legally relevant functions and data domains of the software shall be described to enable a type approval authority to decide on correct software separation 3 6 6 3 The data domain forming the software interface including the code that exports from the legally relevant part to the interface data domain and the code that imports from the interface to the legally relevant part shall be clearly defined and documented The declared software interf
74. hall be capable of presenting the recorded data The traceability means and records are part of the legally relevant software and should be protected as such The software employed for displaying the audit trail belongs to the fixed legally relevant software Note An event counter is not a technically acceptable solution 3 6 5 Separation of electronic devices and sub assemblies Metrologically critical parts of an electricity meter whether software or hardware parts shall not be inadmissibly influenced by other parts of the meter 3 6 5 1 Sub assemblies or electronic devices of an electricity meter that perform legally relevant functions shall be identified clearly defined and documented They form the legally relevant part of the measuring system If the sub assemblies that perform legally relevant functions are not identified all sub assemblies shall be considered to perform legally relevant functions Example 1 Anelectricity meter is equipped with an optical interface for connecting an electronic device to read out measurement values The meter stores all the relevant quantities and keeps the values available for being read out for a sufficient time span In this system only the electricity meter is the legally relevant device Other legally non relevant devices may exist and may be connected to the interface 24 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 of the instrument provided requirement 3 6 5 2 is fulfilled Securing of the da
75. hall be made for all specified connection modes National authorities may prescribe more stringent test regimes than those described in this section 32 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 6 Test procedures for type approval 6 1 Test conditions Unless otherwise stated in the individual test instructions all influence quantities except for the influence quantity being tested shall be held at reference conditions as given by Table 8 during type approval tests Table 8 Reference conditions and their tolerances Quantity Reference conditions Tolerance Voltage s Uca 1 Ambient temperature 29909 2 C Frequency Thom x 0 3 96 Wave form Sinusoidal d lt 2 Magnetic induction of external origin at OT B lt 0 05 mT reference frequency Electromagnetic RF fields 30 kHz 6 GHz 0 V m lt 1 V m Operating position for instruments sensitive Mounting as stated by 0 5 to position manufacturer Phase sequence for poly phase meters L1 L2 L3 Load balance Equal current in all current 2 current and 2 circuits phase angle Tests may be performed at other temperatures if the results are corrected to the reference temperature by applying the temperature coefficient established in the type tests and provided an appropriate uncertainty analysis is carried out The requirement applies to both phase to phase and phase neutral for poly phase meters Note The reference conditions an
76. he requirements of Table 4 Test procedure The error shift compared to the intrinsic error at reference conditions shall be measured when the meter is subjected to continuous magnetic induction with a probe in the form of a permanent magnet with a surface area of at least 2000 mm The magnetic field along the axis of the magnet s core shall comply with details specified in Table 13 Note National authorities may select a lower magnetic induction for national requirements Table 13 Specifications of the field along axis of the magnet s core Distance from magnet surface Magnetic induction Tolerance Mandatory test points 6 points per meter surface The test shall at minimum be performed at 10 Jy PF 1 The greatest error shift is to be noted as the test result Note Neodymium or niobium permanent magnets are recommended for this test 6 3 14 Magnetic field AC power frequency of external origin Applicable standard IEC 61000 4 8 Object of the test To verify that the error shift due to an AC magnetic field at power frequency complies with the requirements of Table 4 Test procedure The error shift compared to the intrinsic error at reference conditions shall be measured when the meter is exposed to a magnetic field at the power frequency f from under the most unfavourable condition of phase and direction Test severity Continuous field 400 A m Mandatory test points The test shall at minimum be p
77. ing the test the meter shall be energized with reference voltage and a current equal to 10 J The error at each 1 96 incremental interval of the carrier frequency shall be monitored and compared to the requirements of Table 4 When using a continuous frequency sweep this can be accomplished by adjusting the ratio of the sweep time and the time of each measurement When using incremental 1 frequency steps this can be accomplished by adjusting the dwell time on each frequency to fit the measurement time If the meter is a poly phase meter the tests shall be performed at all extremities of the cable RF amplitude 50 Ohm 10 V e m f Frequency range 0 15 80 MHz Modulation 80 AM 1 kHz sine wave 6 3 16 DC in the AC current circuit Object of the test Test procedure To verify that the error shift due to DC in the AC current circuit complies with the requirements of Table 4 Electromechanical and transformer operated meters shall be assumed to be immune to DC in the AC current circuit The error shift compared to the intrinsic error at sinusoidal conditions at Pals 24 2 shall be measured when the current amplitude is increased to twice its value 7 I nax 2 and is half wave rectified Mandatory test points The test shall be performed at PF 1 Note 1 The half wave rectification and measurement can be performed as shown in Figure 4 only the current path is shown the voltage shall be connected as normal
78. ion or ice formations H1 The test consists of exposure to the specified high level temperature and the specified constant relative humidity for a certain fixed time defined by the severity level The meter shall be handled such that no condensation of water occurs on it Voltage and auxiliary circuits energized with reference voltage Without any current in the current circuits Temperature 30 C Humidity 85 Duration 2 days During the test no significant fault shall occur Immediately after the test the meter shall operate correctly and comply with the accuracy requirements of Table 4 24 h after the test the meter shall be submitted to a functional test during which it shall be demonstrated to operate correctly There shall be no evidence of any mechanical damage or corrosion which may affect the functional properties of the meter 56 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 6 4 16 4 Damp heat cyclic condensing for humidity class H2 and H3 Applicable standards Object of the test Test procedure Test conditions Test severities Allowed effects 6 4 16 5 Water test Applicable standards Object of the test Test procedure IEC 60068 2 30 IEC 60068 3 4 To verify compliance with the provisions in Table 4 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 under conditions of high humidity and temperature variations This test applies to meters with a humidity class specification either for enclosed locations where meters can be
79. ional or regional authorities to implement some additional test points to cover the power factor range of at least 0 5 inductive to 0 8 capacitive over the current range of at least Imin to Jeux To verify that the error shift due to load balance complies with the requirements of Table 4 This test is only for poly phase meters and for single phase three wire meters The error of the meter with current in one current circuit only shall be measured and compared to the intrinsic error at balanced load During the test reference voltages shall be applied to all voltage circuits The test shall be performed for all current circuits at PF land PF 0 5 inductive and at minimum for currents of 10 and Imax for direct connected meters and at minimum at Imax for transformer operated meters Note For the calculation of the combined maximum error as defined in Annex B B 2 2 it may be required by national or regional authorities to implement some additional test points to cover the power factor range of at least of 0 5 inductive to 0 8 capacitive over the current range of at least Z to Lx 6 3 4 Voltage variation Object of the test Test procedure To verify that the error shift due to voltage variations complies with the requirements of Table 4 The error shift compared to the intrinsic error at Unom shall be measured when the voltage is varied within the corresponding rated operating range For poly phase meters the test vol
80. is applicable to dielectric tests with direct voltage dielectric tests with alternating voltage dielectric tests with impulse voltage dielectric tests with combinations of the above IEC 60068 2 1 2007 Environmental testing Part 2 Tests Test A Cold This part of IEC 60068 deals with cold tests applicable to both non heat dissipating and heat dissipating specimens The object of the cold test is limited to the determination of the ability of components equipment or other articles to be used transported or stored at low temperature Cold tests covered by this Standard do not enable the ability of specimens to withstand or operate during the temperature variations to be assessed In this case it would be necessary to use IEC 60068 2 14 9 IEC 60068 2 2 2007 Environmental testing Part 2 Tests This part of IEC 60068 deals with dry heat tests applicable both to heat dissipating and non heat dissipating specimens 63 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 10 11 Test B Dry heat IEC 60068 2 18 2000 Environmental testing Part 2 Test R and guidance Water IEC 60068 2 27 Ed 4 0 2008 Environmental testing Part 2 27 Tests Test Ea and guidance Shock The object of the dry heat test is limited to the determination of the ability of components equipment or other articles to be used transported or stored at high temperature These dry heat
81. l fulfils the base maximum permissible error requirements after the disturbance test Temporary loss of functionality is allowed as long as the meter returns to normal functionality automatically when the disturbance is removed The mandatory test points for checking the base maximum permissible error are 1 Ip PF 1 2 104 PF 0 5 inductive 6 4 2 Magnetic field AC power frequency of external origin Applicable standard IEC 61000 4 8 46 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Object of the test To verify compliance with the requirements of 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 under conditions of an AC magnetic field at power frequency of external origin Test procedure The meter shall be connected to the reference voltage but with no current in the current circuits The magnetic field shall be applied along three orthogonal directions Allowed effects No significant fault shall occur Test severity Magnetic field strength short duration 3 s 1000 A m 6 4 3 Electrostatic discharge Applicable standard IEC 61000 4 2 Object of the test To verify compliance with the requirements of 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 under conditions of direct and indirect electrostatic discharge Meters such as electromechanical meters which have been constructed using only passive elements shall be assumed to be immune to electrostatic discharges Test procedure An ESD generator shall be used with performance characteristics specified in the referenced standard Be
82. lectromechanical meters or meters of other constructions that may be influenced by the working position The error shift compared to the intrinsic error at the operating position given by the manufacturer shall be measured when the meter is tilted from its ideal position to an angle 3 from that position The test shall at minimum be performed at PF 1 and at two perpendicular tilting angles 6 3 8 Severe voltage variations Object of the test Test procedure 1 To verify that the error shift due to severe voltage variations complies with the requirements of Table 4 The intrinsic error shall first be measured at Unom It shall then be verified that the error shift relative to the intrinsic error at Un complies with the requirements of Table 4 when the voltage is varied from 0 8 Unom to 0 9 Unom and from 1 1 Unom to 1 15 Unom For poly phase meters the test voltage shall be balanced If several Unom values are stated the test shall be repeated for each Unom value Mandatory test points 1 The test shall at minimum be performed at 10 PF 1 and for voltages of Test procedure 2 0 8 Unom 0 85 Unom and 1 15 Unom Further the error shift compared to the intrinsic error at Unom shall be measured when the voltage is varied from 0 8 Unom down to 0 Mandatory test points 2 The test shall at minimum be performed at 10 PF 1 and for voltages of 0 7 Unom 0 6 Unom 0 5 Unom 0 4 Unom 0 3 Unom 0 2 Unom 0 1
83. logical controls and performance tests 30 4 KE EE 30 4 11 Boc mentation itr t ERU ege 30 4 2 Type e e EE 31 4 2 1 Type test EE 31 4 3 Validation procedure eee eth Uere IRR ee Pe Heber 31 3 JesStproPrdm o ts nine ae nus RNSUEDPIS RR UE ERE MESSI 32 D Testprocedures for type approval cete hte tirer te rhet EE EE EE eire EErEE lee toe rede ene 33 OL T stconditions EE 33 6 2 Tests for compliance with maximum permissible errors 33 6 2 1 Determination of initial intrinsic error nennen nennen renes 33 6 222 Selt he ting see Aereo a OH Add mec EES 34 6 2 3 Starting EE 35 6 2 4 Testof no load condition ses 35 6 2 D Meterconstants iiis eere e e e RIEN on aes 36 6 3 Tests for 1nfluence quantities ettet e Rr nt iii es EES ER PO THREE 36 6 3 1 General 2 c eame RR D ete en RO tete 36 6 3 2 Temperature dependence vosie preisson sinne tr ei ses eee Rp e peg 37 6 3 3 3Eo ad balance soie pe Oates ipie quete in 37 6 34 Voltage variations EE 37 6 3 5 Frequency v riation eere ec ete ee e reip ete es i Anti nite hi 38 6 3 6 Harmonics in voltage and current ss 38 6 3 EU GE 40 6 3 8 Severe voltage variations eee pneter He URN rere IE e ERR rt Ele eee eerte ei 40 6 3 9 One or two phases interrupted ss 40 6 3 10 Sub harmonics in the AC current circuit sise 41 6 3 11 Harmonics in the AC current circuit ss 42 6 3 12 Reversed phase sequence any two phases interchanged
84. mber shall also be provided in a position where it is not readily disassociated from parts determining the metrological characteristics 22 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Symbols or their equivalent may be used where appropriate See e g IEC 62053 52 Electricity metering equipment AC Particular requirements Part 52 Symbols or other designations accepted by local jurisdictions 3 6 Protection of metrological properties 3 6 1 General 3 6 1 1 Electricity meters shall be provided with the means to protect their metrological properties National authorities shall determine levels of authorized access for software protection 3 6 3 parameter protection 3 6 4 and checking facility event record 3 6 9 3 6 1 2 All means to protect the metrological properties of an electricity meter intended for outdoor locations shall withstand solar radiation 3 6 2 Software identification Legally relevant software of an electricity meter shall be clearly identified with the software version or another token The identification may consist of more than one part but at least one part shall be dedicated to the legal purpose The identification shall be inextricably linked to the software itself and shall be presented on command or displayed during operation As an exception an imprint of the software identification on the electricity meter shall be an acceptable solution if it satisfies the three following conditions 1 The user interfa
85. med The talcum powder or other dust used in the test shall not have accumulated in a quantity or location such that it could interfere with the correct operation of the equipment or impair safety No dust shall deposit where it could lead to tracking along the creepage distances The function of the meter shall not be impaired 6 4 16 1 Extreme temperatures dry heat Applicable standards Object of the test Test procedure Test severity Possible temperatures IEC 60068 2 2 IEC 60068 3 1 To verify compliance with the provisions of 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 under conditions of dry heat The test consists of exposure to the specified high temperature under free air conditions for 2 h beginning from when the temperature of the meter is stable with the meter in a non operating state The change of temperature shall not exceed 1 C min during heating up and cooling down The absolute humidity of the test atmosphere shall not exceed 20 g m The test shall be performed at a standard temperature one step higher than the upper temperature limit specified for the meter 40 C 55 C 70 C 85 C 55 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Allowed effects After the test the function of the meter shall not be impaired and the error shift shall not exceed the limit of error shift listed in Table 5 Mandatory test points 10 PF 1 6 4 16 2 Extreme temperatures cold Applicable standards Object of the tes
86. ns shall be measured when asynchronous test signals swept from f 15 Lem to 40 from are superimposed first on the signal to the voltage circuits and then on the signal to the current circuits In the case of a poly phase meter all voltage or current circuits may be tested at the same time The signal frequency shall be swept from low frequency to high frequency and back down while the metering error is measured The asynchronous signal shall have a value of 0 02 Unom and 0 1 Z with a tolerance of 5 Mandatory test points The test shall be performed at One reading shall be taken per harmonic frequency 6 4 Tests for disturbances 6 4 1 General instructions for disturbance tests These tests are to verify that the meter fulfils the requirements for the influence of disturbances as given by Table 5 Tests are to be performed using one disturbance at a time all other influence quantities shall be set to reference conditions unless otherwise stated in the relevant test description No significant fault shall occur Unless otherwise stated each test shall include a a check that any change in the registers or equivalent energy of the test output is less than the critical change value given in 3 3 6 2 b an operational check to verify that the meter registers energy when subjected to current c acheck for correct operation of pulse outputs and tariff change inputs if present and d confirmation by measurement that the meter stil
87. nt fault 1 0 0 5 0 05 0 05 6 4 9 No damage shall overcurrent Transformer operated meters our Direct connected SE 1 5 1 5 0 05 0 05 20 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 3 kV x 100 V 6kV 150 V No significant fault Impulse voltage 6 4 10 No damage to the 10 kV lt 300 V eter 12 kV lt 600 V No significant fault Earth fault 6 4 11 Earth fault in one phase No damage and shall 1 0 0 7 0 3 0 1 operate correctly RERO un 6 4 12 aalay deveos operated No significant fault 1 3 base mpe base ancillary devices with J Imin and Imax mpe Nie No significant fault y Vibration 6 4 13 1 Ee CERS Function of the meter 1 3 base mpe base perpendicular axes x shall not be impaired mpe Pulse shape Half sine Peak Ke Shock 6 4 13 2lacceleration 300 ms Pulse No significant fault 1 3 base mpe base duration 18 ms mpe No alteration in appearance or Protection against 64 14 0 76 W m nm at 340 nm impairment in solar radiation with cycling rig for 66 days functionality metrological properties and sealing No interference with correct operation or Protection against 6 4 15 ip 5x category 2 enclosure impairment of safety ingress of dust dd i gory including tracking along creepage distances One standard temperature E 1 3 base mpe Ke Dry heat 6 4 16 1 higher than upper specified No significant fault base tempe
88. ntal component Note For the calculation of the combined maximum error as defined in Annex B B 2 2 it may be required by national or regional authorities to implement some additional test points to cover the power factor range of at least of 0 5 inductive to 0 8 capacitive over the current range of at least Imin to Zn 38 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Table 11 Quadriform waveform Harmonic Current Current Voltage Voltage phase number amplitude phase angle amplitude angle 1 100 0 100 0 3 30 96 0 3 8 96 180 5 18 0 2 4 180 7 14 96 0 1 7 96 180 11 9 96 0 1 0 96 180 13 5 96 0 0 8 96 180 Table 12 Peaked waveform Harmonic Current Current Voltage Voltage phase number amplitude phase angle amplitude angle 1 100 96 0 100 96 0 3 30 96 180 3 8 96 0 5 18 0 2 4 96 180 7 14 180 1 7 96 0 11 9 96 180 1 0 96 0 13 5 96 0 0 8 96 180 Amplitude relative to fundamental One cycle degrees Figure 1 Current amplitude for quadriform waveform 39 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 6 3 7 Tilt Object of the test Test procedure Mandatory test points Amplitude relative to fundamental One cycle degrees Figure 2 Current amplitude for peaked waveform To verify that the error shift due to tilt complies with the requirements of Table 4 This test is only for e
89. nternal clocks of interval and multi tariff meters shall meet the requirements of IEC 62054 21 For multi tariff meters only a single register in addition to the cumulative register shall be active at any time The summation of values recorded in each multi tariff register shall equate to the value recorded in the cumulative register 3 5 Meter markings National authorities shall determine what information must be marked on every meter It is recommended that the following be considered e Manufacturer Unom Imax e I Inin e Approval mark s e Serial number e Number of phases e Number of wires e Register multiplier if other than unity e Meter constant s e Year of manufacture e Accuracy class e Directionality of energy flow if the meter is bidirectional or unidirectional No marking is required if the meter is capable only of positive direction energy flow e Meter type e Temperature range e Humidity and water protection information e Impulse voltage protection information from e The connection mode s for which the meter is specified e Connection terminals uniquely identified to distinguish between terminals The markings shall be indelible distinct and legible from outside the meter The markings of meters intended for outdoor locations shall withstand solar radiation Multiple values of Unom and Lem may be marked if so specified by the manufacturer If the serial number is affixed to dismountable parts the serial nu
90. nts for a period no longer than 5 min to be nominated by the manufacturer The order of the test points shall be from lowest current to highest current and then from highest current to lowest current For each test point the resulting error shall be the mean of these measurements For Imax the maximum measurement time shall be 10 min including stabilizing time 8 2 4 Minimum test program The minimum program consists of e No load check e Starting current check e Current dependence e Check of the register 8 2 4 1 No load check For this test there shall be no current in the current circuit The test shall be performed at Unom For meters with a test output the output of the meter shall not produce more than one pulse For an electromechanical meter the rotor of the meter shall not make a complete revolution The minimum test period Ar shall be as specified in 6 2 4 A meter with more than one connection mode shall be tested in all modes However if the test is made in situ on an installed meter only the actual mode of connection need be tested For transformer operated meters with primary rated registers where the value of k and possibly Unom are given as primary side values the constant k and Unom shall be recalculated to correspond to secondary side values of voltage and current 6 2 4 2 Starting current check The test is performed at and unity power factor For initial verification of meters produced from a contin
91. obtained from the Organization s headquarters Bureau International de M trologie L gale 11 rue Turgot 75009 Paris France Telephone 33 0 1 48 78 12 82 Fax 33 0 1 42 82 17 27 E mail biml G oiml org Internet www oiml org OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Part 1 Metrological and technical requirements 1 Scope This Recommendation specifies the metrological and technical requirements applicable to electricity meters subject to legal metrological controls The requirements are to be applied during type approval verification and re verification They also apply to modifications that may be made to existing approved devices The provisions set out here apply only to active electrical energy meters other meter types may be addressed in future versions of this Recommendation Meters can be direct connected for system voltages up to 690 V or transformer operated 2 Terms and definitions The terminology used in this Recommendation conforms to the International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology VIM 3 and the International Vocabulary of Legal Metrology VIML 4 Terminology from OIML International Document D 11 General requirements for electronic measuring instruments 1 and OIML International Document D 31 General requirements for software controlled measuring instruments 2 1s also applicable particularly for 3 6 Protection of metrological properties and the associated validation procedures in 4 3 In a
92. ot covered by the scope of this Recommendation sse 72 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Foreword The International Organization of Legal Metrology OIML is a worldwide intergovernmental organization whose primary aim is to harmonize the regulations and metrological controls applied by the national metrological services or related organizations of its Member States The main categories of OIML publications are International Recommendations OIML R which are model regulations that establish the metrological characteristics required of certain measuring instruments and which specify methods and equipment for checking their conformity OIML Member States shall implement these Recommendations to the greatest possible extent International Documents OIML D which are informative in nature and which are intended to harmonize and improve work in the field of legal metrology International Guides OIML G which are also informative in nature and which are intended to give guidelines for the application of certain requirements to legal metrology International Basic Publications OIML B which define the operating rules of the various OIML structures and systems and OIML Draft Recommendations Documents and Guides are developed by Project Groups linked to Technical Committees or Subcommittees which comprise representatives from OIML Member States Certain international and regional institutions also participate
93. plate 28 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 The wavelength of the radiated signals for emitting systems shall be between 550 nm and 1 000 nm The output device in the meter shall generate a signal with a radiation strength Er over a defined reference surface optically active area at a distance of 10 mm 1 mm from the surface of the meter with the following limiting values ON condition 50 W cm lt Er 7500 uW cm OFF condition Er lt 2 uW cm 3 8 Durability The meter shall be designed to maintain an adequate stability of its metrological characteristics over a period of time specified by the manufacturer provided that it is properly installed maintained and used according to the manufacturer s instructions when in the environmental conditions for which it is intended The manufacturer shall provide evidence to support the durability claim The meter shall be designed to reduce as far as possible the effect of a defect that would lead to an inaccurate measurement result The meter shall be designed and manufactured such that either a significant durability errors do not occur or b significant durability errors are detected and acted upon by means of a durability protection 3 9 Presumption of compliance The type of a meter is presumed to comply with the provisions in Section 3 if it passes the examination and tests specified in Part 2 of this Recommendation 29 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Part 2 Metrological
94. posure to surges for which the rise time pulse width peak values of the output voltage current on high low impedance load and minimum time interval between two successive pulses are defined in the referenced standard The characteristics of the generator shall be verified before connecting the meter Meter in operating condition Voltage circuits energized with nominal voltage Without any current in the current circuits and the current terminals shall be open Cable length between surge generator and meter 1 m Tested in differential mode line to line Phase angle pulses to be applied at 60 and 240 relative to zero crossing of AC supply Voltage circuits e Line to line Test voltage 2 0 kV generator source impedance 2 2 e Line to earth Test voltage 4 0 kV generator source impedance 2 Q e Number of tests 5 positive and 5 negative e Repetition rate maximum 1 min Auxiliary circuits with a reference voltage over 40 V e Line to line Test voltage 1 0 kV generator source impedance 42 Q e Line to earth Test voltage 2 0 kV generator source impedance 42 Q e Number of tests 5 positive and 5 negative e Repetition rate maximum 1 min Note TL For cases where the earth of the meter is separate to neutral 49 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 6 4 8 Damped oscillatory waves immunity test Applicable standard Object of the test Test procedure Test conditions Test severities Allowed effects Mand
95. quirements a test must be performed to ensure that the relation between the basic energy register and the relevant test output s complies with that specified by the manufacturer The test shall be performed by passing a quantity of energy E through the meter where E gt Emin specified in 6 2 5 The energy put through the meter shall be calculated using the number of pulses from the test output the relative difference between this energy and the energy registered shall be determined This relative difference must not be greater than one tenth of the base maximum permissible error The test shall be performed at a single arbitrary current I zi 8 2 5 Sealing If there are no seals on the meter e g because they have not yet been applied or because they have been removed during verification testing the meter shall be sealed in accordance with the requirements specified by national authorities 8 3 Reference conditions for initial and subsequent verifications in a laboratory Reference conditions and load conditions for initial and subsequent verifications in a laboratory are given in Tables 16 and 17 National authorities may specify tighter tolerances 60 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Table 16 Reference conditions and their tolerances for initial and subsequent verification Quantity Reference conditions Tolerance Voltage s Us 2 Ambient temperature 23 C 5 C Frequency Trot 0 5 96 Wave form Sin
96. r an adequate period of time depending on national legislation 3 6 8 3 6 It is assumed that the manufacturer of the electricity meter keeps his customer well informed about updates of the software especially the legally relevant part and that the customer will not refuse 27 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 updates Furthermore it is assumed that manufacturer and customer user or owner of the instrument will agree on an appropriate procedure of performing a download depending on the use and location of the instrument Depending on the needs and on national legal legislation it may be necessary for the user or owner of the measuring instrument to have to give his consent to a download 3 6 8 3 7 If the requirements in 3 6 8 3 1 through 3 6 8 3 6 cannot be fulfilled it is still possible to update the legally non relevant software part In this case the following requirements shall be met e there is a distinct separation between the legally relevant and non relevant software e the whole legally relevant software part cannot be updated without breaking a seal e itis stated in the type approval certificate that updating the legally non relevant part is acceptable 3 6 0 Checking facility event record If the meter is equipped with a checking facility the event record of the facility shall have room for at least 100 events or an alternative number determined by the national authority and shall be of a first in first out type The event r
97. rature and voltage 69 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 The effects of correlations between factors such as load profiles and ambient temperature variation on meter accuracy have not been included in the above calculations but could be modeled in situations where appropriate 70 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Annex C Legislative matters Informative C 1 Legislative considerations It would be impractical to develop this Recommendation to fit each and every one of the wide variety of situations and meter applications which exist around the world It is therefore inevitable that some issues may need to be addressed by national authorities or at a regional level One way in which this Recommendation seeks to provide an appropriate balance between flexibility and uniformity is by the provision of options for a number of conditions such as a Nominal voltage b Nominal frequency c Rated temperature d Level of protection from water and humidity e Level of protection from impulse voltages f Handling of energy flow direction It should be noted that in some countries or regions local legislation may also include specific requirements relating to matters such as g Electrical interface h Mechanical interface and housing It should also be noted that while the maximum current is most often specified by the characteristics of the installation the value of the transitional current and or the ratio between
98. rature limit 2 h mpe One standard temperature y Cold 6 4 16 2 lower than lower specified No significant fault 1 3 base mpe base temperature limit 2 h mpe H1 30 C 85 Man 6 4 16 3 H2 Cyclic 25 C 95 to ue sap b Damp Heat 40 C 93 95 Y 30 2 30 1 20 05 30 05 64164 mechanical damage or d al EE Cyclic 25 C 95 to 55 leorrosion C 93 No significant fault H3 only 0 07 L min per No evidence of any i aaler e nozzle 0 and 180 10 min mechanical damage or corrosion High current and or y Durability 6 4 17 temperature for a sustained No significant fault 1 3 base mpe base period of time mpe 21 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 1 Only for transformer operated meters 2 Only for three phase four wire transformer operated meters intended for use in networks equipped with earth fault neutralizers 3 These values are for 50 Hz 60 Hz respectively If no significant fault occurs during the appropriate tests described in Part 2 of this Recommendation the meter is presumed to comply with the requirements of this sub clause 3 4 Requirements for interval and multi tariff meters Interval meters shall be able to measure and store data relevant for billing The minimum storage period for this data shall be determined by national authorities For interval meters the summation of interval data shall equate to the cumulative register value over the same period The i
99. rectly and comply with the accuracy requirements of Table 2 There shall be no evidence of any mechanical damage or corrosion which may affect the functional properties of the meter 6 4 17 Durability test Object of the test To verify compliance with the provisions in 3 8 and Table 5 for durability Test procedure The test procedure for durability shall be taken from national or regional standards for durability of electricity meters Mandatory test points For initial and final measurement the voltage shall be Unom with the following test points Je 10 Z and Imax at PF 1 7 Type evaluation and approval An examination for type evaluation shall determine whether a meter complies with all requirements in section 3 and whether documentation supplied by the manufacturer complies with the requirements in section 4 1 A meter may only be deemed to have passed examination for type approval if the results of all type tests comply with the requirements given in section 3 The measurement uncertainty shall be small enough to allow clear discrimination between a pass result and a fail result In particular an uncertainty less than one fifth the maximum permissible error given for the corresponding test point must be obtained for tests described in section 6 2 unless otherwise specified in the relevant test description The scope of the tests performed and test severities used shall be consistent with the manufacturer s specifications and wi
100. regardless of the direction of energy flow positive energy flow direction of energy flow towards the consumer negative energy flow for bi directional and uni directional meters direction of energy flow opposite to positive Note For positive direction only the opposite direction is termed reverse energy flow see 2 2 39 reverse energy flow for positive direction only meters direction of flow in the opposite direction to positive legally relevant attribute of a part of a measuring instrument device or software subject to legal control OIML V 1 2013 4 08 Metrological requirements Units of measurement The units of measurement for active electrical energy shall be one of the following units Wh kWh MWh GWh 32 Rated operating conditions Rated operating conditions are specified in Table 1 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Table 1 Rated operating conditions Condition or influence quantity Values ranges Frequency Soom 2 Where from is to be specified by the manufacturer If the manufacturer specifies more than one nominal frequency the rated operating conditions shall be the combination of all foom 2 intervals Voltage Unom 10 96 where Unom is to be specified by the manufacturer Meters designed to operate across a range of voltages shall have applicable Unom values specified by the manufacturer If the manufacturer specifies more than one nominal voltage the rated
101. ressed in volts and Imax is expressed in amperes nom I max Table 5 Disturbances 1076 critical change value where m is the number Limit of error shift 9c Distar bance Lee Level of disturbance Allowed effects for meters of class quantity Clause A B C D Magnetic field AES power 6 4 2 1000 A m 3 s No significant fault PEE frequency of external origin j 8 kV contact discharge T B SE 6 4 3 de e SE No significant fault discharges 15 kV air discharge Voltage and current circuits Fast transients 6 4 4 4 kV No significant fault 6 0 4 0 2 0 1 0 Auxiliary circuits 2 kV Test a 30 0 5 cycles Voltage dips 6 4 5 Test b 60 1 cycle No significant fault Test c 60 96 25 30 cycles Noles 6 4 5 0 96 250 300 cycles No significant fault amp ea interruptions Radiated RF f 80 to 6000 MHz 30 V m electromagnetic 6 4 6 amplitude modulated without No significant fault fields current Voltage circuits 2 kV line to line 4 KV linet th NS Surges on AC 6 4 7 e a Ra pa No significant fault mains power lines Auxiliary circuits 1 kV line to line 2 kV line to earth Damped Voltage circuits Common EEN oscillatory waves 6 4 8 mode 2 5 kV differential 3 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 l a meter shall not be immunity test mode 1 0 kV perturbed Transformer operated Direct connected meters de Short time 20 No significa
102. rmed with the generating antenna facing each side of the meter When the meter can be used in different orientations i e vertical or horizontal all sides shall be exposed to the fields during the test The carrier shall be modulated with 80 6 AM at 1 kHz sine wave The meter shall be separately tested at the manufacturer s specified clock frequencies Any other sensitive frequencies shall also be analyzed separately Note Usually these sensitive frequencies can be expected to be the frequencies emitted by the meter The meter shall be tested as a table top instrument under two test conditions where test condition 2 corresponds to the disturbance test of 6 4 6 During the test the meter shall be energized with reference voltage and a current equal to 107 The measurement error of the meter shall be monitored by comparison with a reference meter not exposed to the electromagnetic field or immune to the field or by an equally suitable method The error at each 1 incremental interval of the carrier frequency shall be monitored and compared to the requirements of Table 4 When using a continuous frequency sweep this can be accomplished by adjusting the ratio of the sweep time and the time of each measurement When using incremental 1 frequency steps this can be accomplished by adjusting the dwell time on each frequency to fit the measurement time During the test the voltage and auxiliary circuits of the meter shall be energized wi
103. rmissible error shift 12 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 2 22 antrinsic erronee EERSTEN 12 2 2 22 initial Intrinsic SCL 2e ei ek oh bu HR Rees 12 2 223 mfl ence quantity E 12 2 224 influence factor pee rtr een rei eie pen 12 2 225 dist rDanCe i ee een eue e p aste iie bre ER EO HERE UNE Pe er une 12 2 2 26 rated operating condition eene nennen een een eene ennt tene tenete 13 E Ee He DEE 13 2 2 28 accuracy CLASS eege I decade te s EES 13 22229 EE 13 22 30 fault ne e ek AE ceri ee Seite See 13 2 2 3 significant CH UE 13 2 2 32 checking facility EE 14 2 2 33 primary EE 14 2 2 34 bi directional energy TOW see eee epe ert eid e ei eee ee nine 14 2 2 35 positive direction only energy Touw nennen 14 2 2 36 uni directional energy flow ss 14 2237 positive energy flow see dee tee te ito etit c Gees ge ette ve cota acte eodd 14 22 38 negative energy TOW eene e RUE Erg TAE EENEG 14 2 2 39 reverse enetgy flows is AO eS RS ee ee eA 14 2 240 legally relevant 5 xe Ie ER ee SES 14 3 Metrological requirements e cs anes A e Ee tre pe Deet ea tenent 14 3 1 Unit of measurement enmienda ee non RARE 14 3 2 Rated operating conditions te nene eee cete tee rre ee ER ER Re DER Etha 14 3 3 ACCUTACY E EE 16 3 3 1 General einer eli eed gen de P dee dpt SE 16 3 3 2 Direction of energy How eec sette rerit dece EES EES 17 3 3 3 Base maximum permissible errorg nenn
104. rnative connection mode A poly phase meter which is powered from only one of its phases shall not have the voltage of that phase interrupted for the purposes of this test Direct or indirect conducted disturbances induced by radio frequency fields Only for direct connected meters National authorities may determine if this requirement is applicable For class A electromechanical meters the requirement is not applicable below 10 Zy 09 Manufacturers may additionally include an alarm upon detection of a continuous DC magnetic induction of greater than 200 mT National authorities may select a lower magnetic induction for national requirements P For electromechanical meters this value is doubled OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 3 3 6 Allowed effects of disturbances 3 3 6 1 General The meter shall withstand disturbances which may be encountered under conditions of normal use as stated in 3 3 1 no significant fault shall occur for any of the disturbances listed in Table 5 3 3 6 2 Disturbances An error shift larger than that prescribed in Table 5 constitutes a significant fault If a meter is operated under the conditions outlined in Table 5 and no current is applied a change in the registers or pulses of the test output shall not be considered as a significant fault if the change in the registers or equivalent energy of the test output expressed in kWh is less than m U of measuring elements Unom is exp
105. rson on site is not necessary The software to be updated can be loaded locally i e directly on the measuring device or remotely via a network The software update is recorded in an audit trail The procedure of a traced update comprises several steps loading integrity checking checking of the origin authentication installation logging and activation 3 6 8 3 1 Traced update of software shall be automatic On completion of the update procedure the software protection environment shall be at the same level as required by the type approval 3 6 8 3 2 The target electricity meter electronic device sub assembly shall have fixed legally relevant software that cannot be updated and that contains all of the checking functions necessary for fulfilling traced update requirements 3 6 8 3 3 Technical means shall be employed to guarantee the authenticity of the loaded software i e that it originates from the owner of the type approval certificate If the loaded software fails the authenticity check the instrument shall discard it and use the previous version of the software or switch to an inoperable mode 3 6 8 3 4 Technical means shall be employed to ensure the integrity of the loaded software i e that it has not been inadmissibly changed before loading This can be accomplished by adding a checksum or hash code of the loaded software and verifying it during the loading procedure If the loaded software fails this test the instrument shall dis
106. s is line with the ISO Guide to the expression of uncertainty of measurement GUM 68 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 B 2 Estimation of combined error based on type test results and specific conditions B 2 1 Method 1 The combined maximum error can also be estimated for a particular meter type using type test results Type test results can often show a smaller variation than that required by this Recommendation leading to an assured smaller value for the overall maximum error Keeping the assumption of a Gaussian distribution being valid the combined maximum error can then be estimated from a combination of test results using the formula c p i E I T ew U 8p PU where For each current J and each power factor PF e e PFp I is the intrinsic error of the meter measured in the course of the tests at current J and power factor PF Gy T piU p if are the maximum additional errors measured in the course the test when the temperature the voltage and the frequency are respectively varied over the whole range specified in the rated operated conditions at current J and power factor PF B 22 Method 2 When assuming that a Gaussian distribution may no longer be valid instead a rectangular distribution should be assumed for the effects of influence factors Thus the combined maximum error can then be estimated from a combination of test results using the formula 3 3 3 3 3 3 2
107. s the maximum percentage of non conforming items in a lot at which the lot has a probability of 95 to be accepted The LQ is the percentage of non conforming items in a lot at which the lot has a maximum probability of 5 to be accepted Note These requirements allow for substantial freedom in the verification program Examples are given below based on a lot of 1 000 meters Number of meters tested 40 70 100 1 000 Maximum number of non conforming meters 0 1 2 10 8 5 Additional requirements for statistical in service inspections Guidance for in service inspections of utility meters is now being drafted by OIML TC 3 SC 4 6 62 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Ref Annex A Standards and reference documents Bibliography Informative Description 1 OIML D 11 2004 General requirements for electronic measuring instruments Guidance for establishing appropriate metrological performance testing requirements for influence quantities that may affect the measuring instruments covered by International Recommendations OIML D 31 2008 General requirements for software controlled measuring instruments Guidance for establishing appropriate requirements for software related functionalities in measuring instruments covered by OIML Recommendations OIML V 2 200 2012 International Vocabulary of Metrology Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms VIM
108. separated from the voltage circuits in normal operation c the auxiliary circuits if separated from the voltage circuits in normal operation and with a reference voltage over 40 V Test voltage on the current and voltage circuits 4 kV Test voltage on auxiliary circuits with a reference voltage over 40 V 2 kV The error shift compared to the intrinsic error at reference conditions shall be less than that given for the relevant meter class in Table 5 Mandatory test points 10 PF 1 6 4 5 Voltage dips and interruptions Applicable standards Object of the test Test procedure Test conditions Test severities Allowed effect IEC 61000 4 11 IEC 61000 6 1 IEC 61000 6 2 To verify compliance with the requirements of 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 under conditions of short time mains voltage reductions dips and interruptions Meters such as electromechanical meters which have been constructed using only passive elements shall be assumed to be immune to voltage dips and interruptions A test generator which is able to reduce the amplitude of the AC mains voltage over an operator defined period of time should be used in this test The performance of the test generator shall be verified before connecting the meter The mains voltage reductions shall be repeated 10 times with an interval of at least 10 seconds Voltage circuits energized with Unom Without any current in the current circuits Voltage dips
109. sh a common and reproducible basis for evaluating the performance of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to electrostatic discharges In addition it includes electrostatic discharges which may occur from personnel to objects near vital equipment Applies to the immunity of electrical and electronic equipment to radiated electromagnetic energy Establishes test levels and the required test procedures Establishes a common reference for evaluating the performance of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to radio frequency electromagnetic fields IEC 61000 4 4 2012 Electromagnetic compatibility EMC Part 4 4 Testing and measurement techniques Electrical fast transient burst immunity tests Establishes a common and reproducible reference for evaluating the immunity of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to electrical fast transient burst on supply signal control and earth ports The test method documented in this part of IEC 61000 4 describes a consistent method to assess the immunity of an equipment or system against a defined phenomenon 65 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 24 IEC 61000 4 5 2005 corr 1 2009 10 Electromagnetic compatibility EMC Part 4 5 Testing and measurement techniques Surge immunity test Relates to the immunity requirements test methods and range of recommended test levels for equipment to unidirectional surges cause
110. st of 0 5 inductive to 0 8 capacitive over the current range of at least Ja to Zmax Table 10 Mandatory test points for the determination of initial intrinsic error test Test point mandatory for Current Power factor Positive flow Negative flow Reverse flow Loin Unity Yes No Yes Unity Yes Yes No I Most inductive Yes Yes No Most capacitive Yes Yes No A testpoint within Unity Yes No No I range fi tO fmax Most inductive Yes No No selected by national authority Most capacitive Yes No No Unity Yes Yes Yes Lus Most inductive Yes Yes No Most capacitive Yes Yes No D Most inductive or capacitive according to Table 1 6 2 2 Self heating Object of the test Test procedure To verify that the meter is able to carry 4 continuously as specified in Table 4 The test shall be carried out as follows the voltage circuits shall first be energized at reference voltage for at least 1 h for class A meters and at least 2 h for meters of all other classes Then with the meter otherwise at reference conditions the maximum current shall be applied to the current circuits The cable to be used for energizing the meter shall be made of copper have a length of 1 m and a cross section which ensures that the current density is between 3 2 A mm and 4 A mm The error of the meter shall be monitored at unity power factor and at intervals short enough to record the
111. subjected to condensed water or for open locations humidity classes H2 and H3 The test consists of exposure to cyclic temperature variation between 25 C and the temperature specified as the upper temperature according to the test severities below whilst maintaining the relative humidity above 95 during the temperature change and low temperature phases and at 93 during the upper temperature phases Condensation should occur on the meter during the temperature rise The 24 h cycle consists of 1 temperature rise during 3 h 2 temperature maintained at upper value until 12 h from the start of the cycle 3 temperature reduced to lower value within 3 h to 6 h the rate of fall during the first hour and a half being such that the lower value would be reached in 3 h 4 temperature maintained at lower value until the 24 h cycle is completed The stabilizing period before and recovery after the cyclic exposure shall be such that all parts of the meter are within 3 C of their final temperature Voltage and auxiliary circuits energized with reference voltage Without any current in the current circuits Mounting position according to manufacturer s specification Meters with a humidity class specification for enclosed locations where meters can be subjected to condensed water shall be tested at severity level 1 Meters with a humidity class specification for open locations shall be tested at severity level 2 Sp
112. t Test procedure Test severity TEC 60068 2 1 IEC 60068 3 1 To verify compliance with the provisions of 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 under conditions of low temperatures The test consists of exposure to the specified low temperature under free air conditions for 2 h beginning from the time when the temperature of the meter is stable with the meter in a non operating state The change of temperature shall not exceed 1 C min during heating up and cooling down The test shall be performed at a standard temperature one step lower than the lower temperature limit specified for the meter Possible temperatures 10 C 25 C 40 C 55 C Allowed effects After the test the function of the meter shall not be impaired and the error shift shall not exceed the limit of error shift listed in Table 5 Mandatory test points 10 PF 1 Note TL If specified lower temperature limit is 55 C then this test shall be performed at 55 C 6 4 16 3 Damp heat steady state non condensing for humidity class H1 Applicable standards Object of the test Test procedure Test conditions Test severity Allowed effects IEC 60068 2 78 IEC 60068 3 4 To verify compliance with the provisions in Table 4 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 under conditions of high humidity and constant temperature For meters that are specified for enclosed locations where the meters are not subjected to condensed water precipitat
113. t subjected to condensed water precipitation or ice formations H2 enclosed locations where the instruments may be subjected to condensed water to water from sources other than rain and to ice formations H3 open locations with average climatic conditions 15 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Condition or influence quantity Jamey ranges Connection modes The manufacturer shall specify whether the meter is intended for direct connection connection through current transformers or through current and voltage transformers The manufacturer shall specify the connection mode s the number of measurement elements of the meter and the number of phases of the electric system for which the meter is intended A meter in accordance with this Recommendation may be but is not limited to one or more of the following Description single phase two wire 1 element single phase three wire 1 element applicable only for balanced and symmetrical voltages single phase three wire 2 element three phase four wire 3 element three phase three wire 2 element applicable only in cases where leakage currents can be ruled out two phase three wire 2 element intended for operation on two phases of a three phase service Can also be a three phase meter operated as two phase three wire The manufacturer may specify alternative connection modes for poly phase meters These alternative connection mode s shall
114. t the meter may be mounted in any position Total frequency range 10 150 Hz Total r m s level 7ms Acceleration Spectral Density ASD level 1 ms 10 20 Hz Acceleration Spectral De EE level _3 dB octave Duration per axis at least 2 min After the test the function of the meter shall not be impaired and the error shift at 10 Zy shall not exceed the limit of error shift listed in Table 5 10 J PF 1 IEC 60068 2 27 To verify compliance with the provisions of 3 3 6 2 and Table 5 under conditions of shock The meter is subjected to non repetitive shocks of standard pulse shapes with specified peak acceleration and duration During the test the meter shall not be operational and it shall be fastened to a fixture or to the shock testing machine Pulse shape half sine Peak acceleration 30 g 300 ms Pulse duration 18 ms After the test the function of the meter shall not be impaired and the error shift at 10 A shall not exceed the limit of error shift listed in Table 5 10 4 PF 1 6 4 14 Protection against solar radiation Applicable standard The object of the test Test conditions Test apparatus ISO 4892 3 To verify compliance with the requirements of 3 5 3 6 1 3 7 1 and 3 3 6 2 regarding protection against solar radiation For outdoor meters only Meter in non operating condition Lamp type wavelength UVA 340 Black panel thermometer 54 OIML
115. ta transmission itself see 3 6 7 is not required 3 6 5 2 During type testing it shall be demonstrated that the relevant functions and data of sub assemblies and electronic devices cannot be inadmissibly influenced by commands received via the interface This implies that there is an unambiguous assignment of each command to all initiated functions or data changes in the sub assembly or electronic device Note If legally relevant sub assemblies or electronic devices interact with other legally relevant sub assemblies or electronic devices refer to 3 6 7 Examples 1 The software of the electricity meter see example of 3 6 5 1 above is able to receive commands for selecting the quantities required It combines the measurement value with additional information e g time stamp unit and sends this data set back to the requesting device The software only accepts commands for the selection of valid allowed quantities and discards any other command sending back only an error message There may be securing means for the contents of the data set but they are not required as the transmitted data set is not subject to legal control 2 Inside the housing that can be sealed there is a switch that defines the operating mode of the electricity meter one switch setting indicates the verified mode and the other the non verified mode securing means other than a mechanical seal are possible see examples in 3 6 3 2 3 When interpretin
116. tage shall be balanced If several Unom values are stated the test shall be repeated for each Unom value 37 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Mandatory test points The test shall at minimum be performed at PF 1 and PF 0 5 inductive for a current of 10 Zy and at voltages 0 9 Unom and 1 1 Unom Note For the calculation of the combined maximum error as defined in Annex B B 2 1 or B 2 2 it may be required by national or regional authorities to implement some additional test points to cover the power factor range of at least of 0 5 inductive to 0 8 capacitive over the current range of at least Ii to Jn 6 3 5 Frequency variation Object of the test Test procedure Mandatory test points To verify that the error shift due to frequency variations complies with the requirements of Table 4 The error shift compared to the intrinsic error at fm shall be measured when the frequency is varied within the corresponding rated operating range If several fiom values are stated the test shall be repeated with each fiom value The test shall at minimum be performed at PF 1 and PF 0 5 inductive for a current of 10 Zy and at frequencies of 0 98 faom and 1 02 from Note For the calculation of the combined maximum error as defined in Annex B B 2 1 or B 2 2 it may be required by national or regional authorities to implement some additional test points to cover the power factor range of at least of 0 5 inductive to 0 8
117. tations 27 IEC 61000 4 11 2004 Electromagnetic compatibility EMC Part 4 11 Testing and measurement techniques Voltage dips short interruptions and voltage variation immunity tests Defines the immunity test methods and range of preferred test levels for electrical and electronic equipment connected to low voltage power supply networks for voltage dips short interruptions and voltage variations This standard applies to electrical and electronic equipment having a rated input current not exceeding 16 A per phase for connection to 50 Hz or 60 Hz a c networks 28 er IEC 61000 4 12 2006 Electromagnetic compatibility EMC Part 4 12 Testing and measurement techniques Ring wave immunity test Relates to the immunity requirements and test methods for electrical and electronic equipment under operational conditions to non repetitive damped oscillatory transients ring waves occurring in low voltage power control and signal lines supplied by public and non public networks 29 IEC 61000 6 1 2005 Electromagnetic compatibility EMC Part 6 1 Generic standards Immunity for residential commercial and light industrial environments Defines the immunity test requirements in relation to continuous and transient conducted and radiated disturbances including electrostatic discharges for electrical and electronic apparatus intended for use in residential commercial and light ind
118. ted e if fault detection is realized in the software a list of faults that are detected and a description of the detecting algorithm e the operating manual Furthermore if the type approval is to be based on existing type test documentation the application for type approval shall be accompanied by type test documents or other evidence that supports the assertion that the design and characteristics of the measuring instrument comply with the requirements of this Recommendation 4 2 Type definition Meters produced by the same manufacturer may form a type provided they have similar metrological properties resulting from the use of the same uniform construction of parts modules that determine the metrological properties A type may have several current ranges and several values of the nominal voltage and frequency and include several connection modes and several ancillary devices Note The same uniform construction normally means the same construction of the measuring elements the same construction of metering software the same construction of the register and indicating device the same temperature compensation mechanism the same construction of case terminal block and mechanical interface 4 2 1 Type test sampling The manufacturer shall provide at least as many specimens of the meter as are required by the national authority The type test shall be made on one or more specimens of the meter selected by the type test body to
119. tests do not enable the ability of specimens to withstand or operate during the temperature variations to be assessed In this case it would be necessary to use IEC 60068 2 14 Test N Change of temperature Provides methods of test applicable to products which during transportation storage or in service may be subjected to falling drops impacting water or immersion The primary purpose of water tests is to verify the ability of enclosures covers and seals to maintain components and equipment in good working order after and when necessary under a standardized dropfield or immersion in water Provides a standard procedure for determining the ability of a specimen to withstand specified severities of non repetitive or repetitive shocks The purpose of this test is to reveal mechanical weakness and or degradation in specified performances or accumulated damage or degradation caused by shocks 12 IEC 60068 2 30 2005 Environmental testing Part 2 30 Tests Test Db Damp heat cyclic 12 12 hour cycle Determines the suitability of components equipment and other articles for use and or storage under conditions of high humidity when combined with cyclic temperature changes 13 IEC 60068 2 47 2005 Environmental testing Part 2 47 Test Mounting of specimens for vibration impact and similar dynamic tests Provides methods of mounting components and mounting requirements for equipment and other
120. th reference voltage There should be no current in the current circuits and the current terminals shall be open circuited Note Test condition 2 corresponds to the disturbance test of 6 4 6 therefore the general instructions of 6 4 1 also apply Test severities As defined in Table 14 Table 14 Severity of test For test condition Frequency range Field strength Test condition 1 with current 80 6000 MHz 10 V m Test condition 2 without 80 6000 MHz 30 V m current 6 3 15 2 Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by radiofrequency fields Applicable standard Object of the test IEC 61000 4 6 To verify that the error shift due to conducted disturbances induced by RF fields complies with the requirements of Table 4 Meters such as electromechanical meters 44 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 Test procedure Test severity which have been constructed using only passive elements shall be assumed to be immune to conducted disturbances induced by RF fields A radiofrequency electromagnetic current to simulate the influence of electromagnetic fields shall be coupled or injected into the power ports and I O ports of the meter using coupling decoupling devices as defined in the standard referenced The performance of the test equipment consisting of an RF generator de coupling devices attenuators etc shall be verified The meter shall be tested as a table top instrument Dur
121. th the requirements of section 3 8 Verification 8 1 General Verification may be carried out either individually or statistically In all cases meters shall conform to the requirements of this Recommendation As noted in 3 3 3 national authorities may specify the base maximum permissible errors for subsequent verification and in service inspections The following minimum program applies to the initial verification of all meters whether verified individually or statistically and to re verification of meters which have been repaired or otherwise changed For individual or statistical re verification of meters that have not been repaired or otherwise changed the program may be modified and further reduced The exact requirements for verification and in service inspection shall be specified by the national authority 8 2 Testing 8 2 1 Calibration status Check that the test system used has sufficient accuracy to verify the meters under test and that the calibration is valid 58 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 8 2 2 Conformity check Check that the instrument is manufactured in conformity with the type approval documentation 8 2 3 Warming up It may be necessary to warm the meter up before full operation The length of the warming up period depends on the actual type of instrument and shall be determined in advance During the test for initial intrinsic error the meter shall be allowed to stabilize at each current level before measureme
122. the maximum current and the transitional current are important for end customers with low power consumption since these customers could experience large relative metering errors if the load current is lower than the transitional current for a large part of the time It is thus recommended that the values of and Ina be chosen from Table 18 Table 18 Preferred current ranges Type of meter connection Preferred values of Z and Imax Other values of Z and Znax Amperes Amperes Direct connection Standard values 0 125 0 25 0 5 1 2 Other Iy values 0 75 1 5 2 5 3 4 5 Standard Ja values 10 20 40 60 80 Other Imax values 30 50 160 100 120 200 320 Connection through current Standard 1 values 0 05 0 1 0 25 Other Iy values 0 125 transformer s Standard Imax Values 1 2 1 5 2 2 4 3 4 Other Ima values 3 75 5 6 7 5 10 20 Note 1 The current range of transformer operated meters should be compatible with the current range of current transformers Note 2 The legislator may prescribe the maximum permissible 7 value prescribe a minimum current range or a minimum ratio between Je and Zy These can be prescribed as absolute values or values based on the typical power demand for certain types of customers etc 71 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 C 1 1 Choice of accuracy class More accurate meters should be used when metering large flows of electricity in order to minimize the e
123. uously operating process resulting in a large number of identical units it is sufficient for the error curve from J to Imin to be recorded on a sample batch every 3 months for the particular meter type For initial verification of meters produced by other means it will be sufficient if the meter is observed to run continuously when the starting current is applied refer to the test procedure in 6 2 3 A meter with more than one connection mode shall be tested in all modes However if the test is made in situ on an installed meter only the actual mode of connection need be tested 59 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 8 2 4 3 Current dependence Meters shall comply with the accuracy requirements of Table 2 As a minimum these shall be checked at the following currents e Lin PF 1 e l PF 1 e l PF 0 5 inductive e 10 PF 1 e IO PF 0 5 inductive e Lux PF 1 Imax PF 0 5 inductive In the case of three phase meters with an alternative single phase connection mode or which are being used as two phase meters the single phase load test shall be performed separately for each phase at e 10 7 PF 1 and e IO PF 0 5 inductive For meters with alternate connection modes such as one phase connections for poly phase meters or meters being used as two phase meters this test shall be performed separately for each connection mode 8 2 4 4 Check of the register If test pulse outputs are used for tests of accuracy re
124. urbance influence quantity having a value within the limits specified in this Recommendation but outside the specified rated operating conditions of a measuring instrument OIML V 1 2013 5 19 12 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 2 2 26 2 2 27 2 2 28 2 2 29 2 2 30 2 2 31 Note An influence quantity is a disturbance if the rated operating conditions for that influence quantity are not specified rated operating condition operating condition that must be fulfilled during measurement in order that a measuring instrument or measuring system perform as designed Note 1 Rated operating conditions generally specify intervals of values for a quantity being measured and for any influence quantity OIML V 2 200 2012 4 9 Note 2 For the application of this Recommendation the terms measuring instrument and measuring system mean electricity meter reference condition operating condition prescribed for evaluating the performance of a measuring instrument or measuring system or for comparison of measurement results Note 1 Reference operating conditions specify intervals of values of the measurand and of the influence quantities Note 2 In IEC 60050 300 item 311 06 02 the term reference condition refers to an operating condition under which the specified instrumental measurement uncertainty is the smallest possible OIML V 2 200 2012 4 11 Note 3 For the application of this Recommendation the terms m
125. usoidal d x 2 96 Magnetic induction of external origin at reference OT B lt 0 1 mT frequency Electromagnetic RF fields 30 kHz 6 GHz 0 V m 2 V m Operating position for instruments sensitive to position Mounting as stated by 3 0 manufacturer Phase sequence for poly phase meters L1 L2 L3 Load balance Equal current in all current 5 and circuits 5 Table 17 Load conditions and their tolerances in tests for initial and subsequent verification Current s Current range of device under test Class A B 10 Class C D 10 Power factor Power factor range of device under test current to voltage phase difference 5 8 4 Additional requirements for statistical verifications This section contains additional requirements for verification on a statistical basis Note National authorities shall determine whether the use of statistical methods is permitted 8 4 1 Lot A lot shall consist of meters with homogeneous characteristics All meters that comprise the lot shall correspond to the same type approval and shall have the same year of manufacture 8 4 2 Samples Samples shall be randomly taken from a lot 61 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 8 4 3 Statistical testing The statistical control shall be based on attributes The sampling system shall ensure e An Acceptance Quality Level AQL of not more than 1 and e A Limiting Quality LQ of not more than 7 The AQL i
126. ustrial environment and for which no dedicated product or product family standard exists Immunity requirements in the frequency range 0 kHz 400 GHz are covered and are specified for each port considered This standard applies to apparatus intended to be directly connected to a low voltage public mains network or connected to a dedicated DC source which is intended to interface between the apparatus and the low voltage public mains network 30 IEC 61000 6 2 2005 Electromagnetic compatibility EMC Part 6 2 Generic standards Immunity for industrial environments Applies to electrical and electronic apparatus intended for use in industrial environments for which no dedicated product or product family immunity standard exists Immunity requirements in the frequency range 0 Hz 400 GHz are covered in relation to continuous and transient conducted and radiated disturbances including electrostatic discharges Test 66 OIML R 46 1 R 46 2 2012 requirements are specified for each port considered Apparatus intended to be used in industrial locations are characterized by the existence of one or more of the following a power network powered by a high or medium voltage power transformer dedicated to the supply of an installation feeding manufacturing or similar plant industrial scientific and medical ISM apparatus heavy inductive or capacitive loads that are frequently switched

OIML R 46-1/-2 - Organisation Internationale de Métrologie Légale

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents

OIML R 46-1/-2 - Organisation Internationale de M&eacute;trologie L&eacute;gale

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents

OIML R 46-1/-2 - Organisation Internationale de Métrologie Légale