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Wave Powered Water Pump

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1. sse E 9seg yon sos i i Tee eat z i smmwosw a t Nousnmosso ven ed Aio wai Jr sued 8c0 FIVOS oujeulos 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 65 ON EE Am J0 99UUO 9eseg ERR 371111 sJeqqog 90 wee eBo o9 uneg uBisag Joiues 9109 epun snc us 8 JIVOS oujeuios PIC AWOS NOlLdIHOS3G M38glAnN LYYd MES SC Ier Sued v 3lvos p S PIK 31V9S Sc Lg ANYL 00 LO anu 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 66 L ON EE sua S000 00070 eseg 01007 00 0 su 00L0 0 0 peyioeds ssojun s ocue1J 0 1 SsJeqqog 90 Weel eBe o2 uneg u amp iseg Joiues 8109 epun Nyaa 8 4 q3IVOS oujeuios d pP 3lvos u0JJ VL ONN 8 L pyas ge Ier Sued L 8 dlVOS p S 8 AIVOS 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 67 L ON Hd soon sua S000 00070 oy Jouou 01007 00 0 poH Toy qui 000 0 0 payloads ssajun s ocue1 o 1 sJeqqog 90 wee seuou spun eBe o2 uneg u amp iseg Joiues 8109 epun Nwvua 8 31VOS epis 8 L J3IVOS oujeulos CIb 3IVOS St SE u0J4 001 ber YL INN S amp L Z E NOILdINDS3G YSgWNN LHVd Ier Sued 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord
2. 0 0 0 100 0 00 0 010 0 000 0 005 e Recommended materials are specified in the Parts Overview section below e Actual part quantities per kit are specified in the Parts Overview section below e Parts that are not threaded should be welded for assembly see assemblies e Not included are the following necessary but standard components o Ropeor chain o Cotter Pins o Weights o Hose Parts Overview Part Part Name Quantity Material Comments Base Connector 1 3 Steel or Aluminum Base 2 3 Steel or Aluminum Anchor Rod 3 3 Steel or Aluminum Anchor T Joint 4 3 Steel or Aluminum Anchor Blade 5 3 Steel or Aluminum Weight Anchor Rod 6 3 Steel or Aluminum Rear Support 7 2 Steel or Aluminum Front Support 8 2 Steel or Aluminum Top Support 9 2 Steel or Aluminum Side Housing 10 2 Steel or Aluminum Top Housing 11 1 Steel or Aluminum optional recommended Front Top Support 12 2 Steel or Aluminum Arm Bearing 13 2 Brass softer metal Arm T Joint 14 1 Steel or Aluminum Arm 15 1 Steel or Aluminum Bottom Arm 16 1 Steel or Aluminum T Joint Pin 17 1 Steel or Aluminum Bottom Arm Pin 18 1 Steel or Aluminum size may vary with Bobber 19 1 Plastic pump Aluminum Rod 20 1 Aluminum 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 62 Nylon Check Valve 21 1 Nylon R
3. ET Sarm 2 22x 10 psi arm T joint Stress diametertiointouter Torque am 5 4 Ttjoint IO tioint 1 11x 10 psi tjoint Bottom Arm Stress diameter ottomarmouter Mom s 5 E Sbottomarm I Shottomarm 2 22x 10 psi bottomarm force 0 1 30 diameter n diameter outer xlength EE xlength rm arm 2 2 m U X ox in qu MR tjoint 9yiela C9 3700 psi force o force t force ES 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 45 Stress Yield Stress psi 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Force lbf LA Shear Stress Yield Stress psi N 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Force lbf 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 46 Pin Connection Between the Pump and Frame Dimensions 75in 125n length pinframeump diameter inframepump di 4 iameter itr mepurmp loinframepump 64 Arm and Pump Pin Shear Stress Forces utbut 2 p pump Im Tpinframepump 5476x 10 psi pinframepump d Well below yield strength 2 Pin Connection Between the Arm and Pump Dimensions length yinarmpump 2in 125in diameter inarmpump di 4 iani rem n lpinarmpump 64 Arm and Pump Pin Shear Stress Two shear surface contacts thus half the force is used Forceoutput 2 T P y ODSSV n pinarmpump l 2 Done Anam Tpinarmpump 5 476x 10 psi
4. MBIA JUBJINO ui UMOUS jou s 4 Dueno apis Buipjam Je pepuoq pjnous Ajqwesse si Ul sjueuodujoo V S JON Jr sued L 98 0 31vOS do OLOFSLZ Leem 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 72 L ON een Luvd AGB aiva S000 000 0 yoddns seay 0100 00 0 31111 001 0F 00 payioads ssajun s ocue1 o 1 sJeqqog 90 wee seuou syn e5e o2 ulAjed u amp iseq Joiues 9109 epuny wwvud L Live oujeuios rt 31VO9S uoJ4 S1 Sped L N vie 31VO9S dol p s t 31VO9S p S 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 73 S00 0 F 000 0 01007 00 0 0010 F 00 payloads ssejun s ocue1 o 1 sJeqqog 90 weal seuou Syuf e5e o2 uneg L L 31VOS oujeulos PIC 31V9S Juoij FI 31VO9S dol l 491 4 t AWOS p s T 3 ere _O sro 74 woddnswu s z NOlLdIMOS3G M38WnNiNVd ALO Wall 1S Sued 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord L ON RE sua S00 0 000 0 yoddns dot 0100 00 0 31111 0010 F 00 peuioeds ssajun seouesajo sJeqqog 90 wee seuou syn e89 07 u A e9 u amp iseg Joiues oO epun Nwvua c V 31VO9S OJOS Z Eaves oL cI b 3IVOS AWOS juoJ3 p S 5n 00 ait szo F poddns GOL 5 6 V NOILdINOS3G M38WON LYYd ALO Wall
5. 2 g Dhose 0 083333 ru Average Reverse Osmosis Pressure Requirements psi P brackishosmosis 22 bar 14 5038 Bar psi P seawaterosmosis 67 bar 14 5038 pes 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 43 Structural Analysis Hand Calculations Structural Analysis Three main areas are studied T Joint and Arm Pin connection between arm and pump Pin connection between pump and frame Settings Arm Dimensions length pm 48in diameter 875in armouter 4 e 4 diameter inner 75in iameter outer iameter i inner I T T SH 64 64 T Joint Dimensions length 2 75in tjoint diameter ointouter Hin di 4 di 4 di 75 mE rameter jointouter n Plametersointinner tameterjointinner n J oint GE E 2 2 Bottom Arm Dimensions length pottomarm 200 diameter ottomarmouter 875in diameter ottomarminner 75in 4 4 I diameter stiomatmouter diameter ttomarminner 1 P bottomarm 64 64 Forces and Moments Forceinout length adm Force 14bf Force Force 134 4lbf input output length bete output Force output Mechanical advantage Forceinput Moment Forceinput length n Torque rm 7 Moment arm 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 44 Stresses Arm Stress Arm Stress diameter rmouter Mose E d S rm
6. 68 L ON RE HE sua 00 0 000 0 yulor Jouou 01007 0070 P u V an 00L07T 00 payloads ssajun s ocue1 o 1 sJeqqog 90 wee seuou syn eBe o2 uneg u amp iseg Joiues oO epun Nwvua V V 31VOS oujeulos lt EE NOILdld0S3G YSgWNN LHVd Ier Sued PIC 31V9S t 31VO9S 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 69 L ON iuvd SE alva S00 0 000 0 epe g Jououy 01007 Ke 31111 001 F 00 payloads ssajun s ocue1 o 1 sJeqqog 90 wee seuou sun 6 lloO UA u amp iseq Joes 9 02 epuny wwvud c Valvos oujeulos L 90 31V9S EE RECH Ier Sued L 9 0 FIVOS 900 PASI DO L tere L 90lvos uoJ YL ONN 8 1 J 00 1D 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 70 L ON EE sua S000 000 0 01007 00 0 poy Joyouy juBreAA DELE es payloads ssajun s ocue1 o 1 sJeqqog 90 wee seuou syn eBe o2 uneg uBis q Joiues oO epun Nwvua 8 J3IVOS oujeulos k L JIVOS opl TECA a NOLL dd YSgWNN LHVd Ier Sued L EL 31VOS 00 L SZL OH L L 31VOS UOJ WL ONN 8 L s 0 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 71 01003 A quiessy uoddng 00107 payloads ssojun ssouejo Y seuou SsJeqqog 90 wee B lloo uiA e2 u amp iseg Jolues L S8 0 31V9S OJOS
7. Figure 6 2 1 Vertical Frame Design with Cam Vertical Frame Pivot The vertical pump orientation was also investigated using a pivoting pump vertically oriented This design proved to be taller than desired and required more material for its construction in comparison to the horizontal design Another downside to this design was that it had an increased surface area perpendicular to water currents This facilitated moving bodies of water to push against the frame and make it unsteady Figure 6 2 2 shows a prototype built with this frame design Figure 6 2 2 Vertical Frame Design with Pivoting Pump 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 15 Horizontal Frame Designs The horizontal pump orientation features an L shaped bobber arm in which the shorter length of the bobber arm is connected to the pump The pump is oriented horizontally within the frame The main attribute of the horizontal pump design is that it is low lying This allows it to operate in lower wave conditions Two variations of the horizontal pump design were considered These designs are the flat base Figure 6 2 3 and the steel pipe design Figure 6 5 1 Figure 6 2 3 Flat base frame design The essential feature in the flat base frame is the large surface area of the base This design was abandoned after testing in the Gulf of Mexico The test showed us that a large base was not a wise choice because although it
8. TU gt e gt M v N 2 Well below yield strength 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 47 Power Savings Worksheet Power Savings year 1 yr Vyear 140000 gal year Voump 42 gpm 42 gpm 950 fthead Costpump 745 V hr Runtime nores an pump hppump 0 75 hp kW Powerusage M hppump 0 7457 ah Runtime CoStelectric 0 08 kW hr Electricgiy CoStelectric Powerusage Totalcost Electrica year Costoump Inix Main E Unit Settings kJ K kPa kmol He gree s CoStelectric 0 08 K hr Costum 745 Electrica 2 486 yr AP pump 0 75 hp Power age 31 07 kVy hr yr Runtime 55 55 hr year Total og 747 5 V pump 42 gpm Noss 140000 gal ear year 1 vr 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 48 Water Savings Worksheet Water Savings Study Water Use Information 146000 gal Annual sage 1 e Annual usage Monthl onthlyusage 12 tyr gal day Dailyuse Annualusage 0 00274 gaim Externaluse 58 Internaluse 42 Externaluse Annualextemaluse Annual usage von Pd Some Outdoor Usage gal hr Sprinkleryseage 1000 L hr 0 264172 L hr gal Carwashuseage 200 L 0 264172 EN gal Hosingdrivewayyseage 75 L 0 264172 EE Source http www awwa org Advocacy
9. 6 DESIGN PROCESS E 12 6 1 Pump 6 2 Frame Designs 6 3 Floatation Devices 6 4 Accessories 6 5 Final Prototype 7 TESTING2 a usss as 19 7 1 Pump Pressure Test 1 452 Pump Pressure Test 2 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 3 10 11 12 7 3 Pool Test 7 4 Ocean Test 7 5 Reed s Lake Test 7 6 Lake Michigan Test 1 7 1 Lake Michigan Test 2 FINAL DESIGN 5 ease en adu oro rn ou pans Os aene PR aor PE oo nes 8 1 Materials 8 2 Accessories STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS COST ESTIMATE OF FINAL PRODUCT eere eee eene nnne 10 1 Costs to Manufacture Final Product CONCLUSION 11 1 Project Assessment 11 2 Recommendations EVIL UM 12 1 Expense Report Bill of Sale 12 2 Project Timeline 12 3 Computations 12 4 Assembly per Component 12 5 User Manual 12 6 Customer Survey and Comments 12 7 Design Schematics 4 e0000000000000000000 e 0000000000000000090 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Background Information Dependence on coal oil and natural gas for energy is ever increasing Coal oil and natural gas are nonrenewable energy sources because they draw on finite resources that will eventually dwindle becoming too expensive or too environmentally damag
10. JIVOS L 0S L HIVOS Juoij do bei geg ou og YH ONN OL b e zn 0902 oie p gs o bet SEH enen aen dun G L L NOILdINOS3G M38WON LYYd ALO Wall Ier Sued 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 99 L ON x ao SOUS ava S000 0000 Ajquiessy NLA yoouD 0100 0070 anu 0010 00 payloads ssajun saouesajoL sJeqqog 90 weal seuoul suun e5e o2 ulAjed u amp iseq Joiues 9109 epuny wwvud L SZ 31VOS oujeuios jueuoduioo SIU JO pepeeu poujew Buipuoq JejnonJed ON SON NOILdINOS3G YSSWOAN LYYd SES TER Ier Sued 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 100 L ON x Mia sezezn ang S000 000 0 9AJ EA YOOUD Jain 0100 0070 ZU 001 OF 00 payloads ssajun s ocue1 o 1 sj qqog 90 wee seuou syun e59 02 uie u amp iseg Joes ao epun wegl L SZ 31VOS oujeulos L 080 JYS do SZ90 0 oe 0 NN RN NOILdld0S3Ga YAgSWNN LHVd L N L 08 0 31V9S L 080 31VO9S al ONN 0 t 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 101 L ON Ooo e E A A S000 00070 Oe Jeqqny Jejno 01007 00 0 00L07 0 0 zu payloads ssajun s ocue1 o 1 sJeqqog 90 Weel seuou sun uneg u amp iseq Jolues 2109 epun Tava L 31VO9S 9p S k 31VO9S SIGI L zanvos Z JIYOS S do NeA Oe Jeqqny Jeino
11. The conclusions from this test are two fold One the Bobber frame is well built and anchors extremely well Two the Bobber pump works with the horizontal arrangement and maintains adequate pressure The concern still remains that Lake Michigan testing conditions are different than Reed s Lake and the Bobber may function differently Further testing is necessary 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 22 to determine the functionality of the device in a large body of water with actual waves This test was documented using still photography 7 6 Lake Michigan Test 1 After seeing how the anchoring system worked in a lake environment in the previous Reed s lake test we then proceeded to make plans on having an open water wave test in Lake Michigan at Holland Beach The anchoring system was still a concern though somewhat abated from the last test We weren t exactly sure how it would behave in open water conditions with both vertical and lateral forces The test was planned for April 21 2005 The wind was blowing around 10 15 miles per hour and at first in the wrong direction parallel to the shore The wind shifted and began to produce 1 2 foot waves that would be adequate for testing our device The device was placed approximately twenty feet into the lake at a depth of 2 3 feet The waves were adequate for pumping water but no water came out of the hose After examining the device it was disc
12. who served Industrial Consultants We are grateful for their input critique and encouragement during our review sessions with them They motivated us to work together as a team and follow our schedule in order to complete our project We would also like to extend our appreciation to Dave Ryskamp in the machine shop for helping us during our construction phase and also to Jim Phillips who helped us with our pump test in De Vries hall In addition it seems appropriate to acknowledge Calvin College and all the Engineering Professors who in one way or another have helped shape each team member through our interactions with them 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE 1 INTRODUCTION eese aulas FEN RENE Fe PXENU a ev dad s 5 1 1 Background Information 1 2 Problem Statement 13 Design Description 2 PROJECT OVERVIEW 2 u uu avare ae ENEERUS rr si OP PE QURYRS CER ro qd ass 7 2 1 Objectives 22 Requirements 3 LAKE MICHIGAN RESEARCH 8 3 1 Wave Research 3 2 Legality of Project Department of Natural Resources 4 DESIGN NORMS crcessesisesteesesceases ERRARE S eines easenencuataeceuese conde ERA P Eo 9 4 1 Stewardship 4 2 Cultural Appropriateness 5 APPLICATIONS i uq e gege 10 5 1 Pump Storage Facilities 5 2 Irrigation for Lawns 5 3 Water Supply for Ponds and Gardens 5 4 Remote Location Water Supply
13. 1 Diagram of the three parts that the arm assembly was spilt into for analysis Also shown are the models used to calculate stresses 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 28 Parts one and three were modeled as cantilever beams in bending The torsional forces were ignored since bending is the dominate force Part two was modeled as a circular rod in torsion The software EES was used to perform the necessary calculations The force experienced by the end lever arm is known to be 14 pounds force due to the buoyancy force of the buoy This translates to about 140 pounds force at the pivot due to the mechanical advantage of the lever arm Properties such as the moments of the inertia both I and J were found Bending stress and shear stress were found using the following equations M gt c Lag o 2 T SH M is the moment about the beam T is the torque and c is the distance from the centriod of the beam to the edge of which stress is being measured Results are shown in Table 9 1 1 Table 9 1 1 GE 22 ksi AME 11 ksi O ou 22 ksi These are well below the yield strength of steel or aluminum that would be used for the device Pin Connections A basic shearing analysis was performed on the pin connection between the arm and pump and the pin connection between the pump and frame Using the force obtained by mechanical advantage and the cross sectional areas of the re
14. 85 L ON x Gra soon al payloads ssajun s ocue1 o 1 d sJeqqog 90 wee seuoul suum OL e8ejo2 uiA e2 uBis q Joiueg eio epuni wwvua 8 L J3IVOS oujeulos OG Ou SES t AIWOS ame Wen GEN Juo1j AE NOHdNOSIA XIANWNNLAYd AIO WALI ll unas MEME CE Eu L N 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 86 L ON Sh soom awl 00 0 F 000 0 quiessy uoijsid 01007 00 0 371111 001 0F 00 payloads ssajun saouesajoL sJeqqog 90 wee seuou sun abalo ue UBiseq Jolues soi sewour wg L gen 31VOS J WOS ju euoduuoo si JO p p u poujew amp uipuoq JejnonJed ON SON POM NUWW f ohi NOLdhS3Q MN38W NiINVd ALO WALI L d 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 87 L ON RE sya 0007 000 0 poy wnuiwnyy 01007 00 0 anu 00L07 00 payioads ssajun seouesajoL sJeqqog 90 wee seuou sun 269109 uneo Zeng owes aere we V FI 3IVOS oujeuios k S 31VOS VI ONN 0c t L poy unuan NOILdld 0S3Ga YSAgEWNN LHVd Ier Sued 31VO9S 0L00TS OO c V 31VOS dol ero H el F ceg cc 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 88 L ON Hia sezezn sug K S000 000 0 A o9 uo 01007 000 IPA 39940 UON 0007 00 p uio ds ssajun saouesajoL sJeqqog 90 wee seuou s
15. Cej L NOILdINOS3G YSSWAN LYYd ALO Wall Ier Sued 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 102 e ee a d S000 000 0 9xX98Jg SAIMS awn 01007 00 0 jexoeig one dund 0 005 00 peuioeds ssajun seouesajoL sJeqqog 90 wee seuou sun 6 lloO ulAjed u amp iseq JoIuaS loO epunt Nwwuq L 081 31VOS oujeulos k L 31VO9S EES Eug dund f NOILdINOS3G YSSWNN LYYd ALO WALI Ier Sued L L 31V9S dol L L 31VOS uol4 ZARA l szro 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 103 L ON prc IECH 9002 82 7 aiva 0007 0000 Uld 1exoeJg dung 01007 0070 31111 001 0F 00 payloads ss lun s ocue1 o 1 sJeqqog 90 wee seuou syn eBe o2 ulA e9 u amp iseg Joiues 9109 epuny wwvud L S 31VO9S oujeulos L valvos p S Nouamossd Seene ALO wall L N EK do L 31VOS lJuo1j3 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 104 L ON EE sua S00 0 000 0 01007 0070 oddns do 1ejue 00L07 00 H S 119 2 zu peuroeds ssajun seouesajoL sJeqqog 90 weal seuoul suun eBe o2 uneg u amp iseg Joiues oO epun Nwvua L 0S JIVOS oujeuios L S L 31VOS Ieguondo yoddng dol Jee NOILdl490S3G YSgEWNAN LYYd Ier Sued L SZ 31VOS dol L SZ L 31VOS uol4 loso 2005 Calvin Colle
16. L bg 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 75 001 0F 00 payioads ss lun sseouesajoL sJeqqog 90 wee seuou syn S00 0 000 0 Buisnoy eg 01007 000 3n L ON Hl SEH awa B lloS uneg u amp iseg Joiues 8109 epun Nwvua L L 31VOS oujeulos k E a31v9S BusncHeps o EA NOILdINOS3G M38WON LYYd ALO Wall L bg do L 00 7D L L 31VOS p S EcL L L 31VOS yuos4 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 76 L Ma 90087 sya S00 0 T 00070 Dueno do 01007 000 qui 0010 00 peuioeds ssejun seouesajo sJeqqog 90 wee seuou syn eBe o2 uiA e u amp iseg Joiues ao epuny Nwvsa L E3IVOS oujeuios L 0Z031V9S WO HOULAIeO YSgEWNN LHVd L N L 02 0 31V9S L 0Z2031V9S p S 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 71 S000 00070 Vr 01007 00 0 kL 0S 31VOS 00107 00 dol payloads ss lun s ocue1 o 1 sJeqqog 90 wee seuou syn e89 07 uneg UBiseg Joiues 8109 epun Nwvua L b 31v9S L 09 1 31V9S S607 1 091 31vV9S apis yuol4 aes Es kl ign moie get ue a Y Y NOILdINOS3G M38WON 14vd ALO Wall 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 78 sJeqqog 90 weal L ON x aoiw mee ayl 00 0 00070 quiessy Wi 01007 000 371111 00L07 00 p
17. Woo 01007 00 0 x 9 awed au 00107 0 0 L E 31VOS p uio ds ssajun saouesajoL ap sJeqqog 90 wee Seuoul sun PIS mem uneo used Joues Kopi sewour wes L Sc L 31VOS OlJ uuos 08 FCO L L3TvOS L L aqvos juo 4 NOILdINOS3G M38WON LYYd ALO Wall 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 96 L V z ON SS o avg d 0007 000 0 JOJOBUUND 9so un 01007 00 0 2 H d an 001 0F 00 peuioeds ssajun seouesajo sJeqqog 90 wee seuou sun 269109 uate used eg oir sewour weg L 0S l JIVOS epis Ve exe L 3lvos oujeulos L 0S LdIVOS L 081 31VO9S do juoJ4 E K B YL ONN DEE S0 0 i 04 06 0 xpeuroesoHdund ejr NOILdINOS3G M38WON LYYd ALO Wall 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 97 L ON pro L d SUE alva S000 00070 juior ejBuy dung 01007 000 371111 001 0F 00 payloads ssejun seoue19Jo1 sJeqqog 90 wee seuoul sium med uerg owes aroo spuni uw a1vos L 0S8 JdIVOS oujeulos 8I INN OL v E Ier Sued 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 98 L V c ON ee ee el F 00 0 000 0 A n 01007 000 J0 99uuo 9A BA duung pat ne d peuroeds ssejun seoue1J9jo1 sJeqqog 90 wee seuou syn e89 07 uneg UBiseg Joiues oO epun Nwvua L 092 31VO9S L 09L 31V9S oujeulos apis L 0S
18. gre e s Annual Aere 94680 gal yr Annual as in 228 7 vr Annual os out 286 4 yr Annual cage 146000 gal yr Carwash cage 52 83 gal ccf 748 1 1 gal Daily se 400 gal day Externaluse 58 Hosingdriveway cage 13 81 gal Internaluse 42 75 Monthly e 1215 gal Sprinkler seage 264 2 gal hr El Annual Cost of External Water Usage 500 400 Outside of City Inside City 300 Annual Cost yr 200 120000 Theoretical Output of Wave Powered Water Pump 180000 Annual Usage gal yr 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 51 240000 PVC Shrinkage Estimation shrinkage of pvc plastic pipe coefficient of thermal expansion Te 0 000006 in n F wall thickness twal 0 266 in Tease 60 F T 80 F To 32 F wall thickness change taking 60 degrees to be average lake temperature when pump is installed thickness32 twal To Tpase T2 thicknessgo twa Ter T4 Thase 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 52 12 4 Assembly per Component Figure 12 4 1 shows all the components of the pump This includes two check valves the piston rod and the piston pump cavity s dam Ke E Figure 12 4 1 Pump components The piston rod also includes a check valve built into the piston Figure 12 4 2 shows the rod com
19. hose should be laid out to the desired location of water pumping Dock Launch This method can be done quite easily by one person The Bobber can be carried onto the dock after assembly and dropped into the water off the side of a dock The bottom of the lake bed should be fairly flat at this location no large rocks or boulders The length of the rope should be adjusted at this time to have the rope barely slack at the valley of the wave action The hose should be laid out to the desired location of water pumping Boat Launch This method is the most effective for getting the Bobber into the optimum location After assembly the Bobber should be loaded into a boat and driven into location The Bobber can be dropped into the water off the side of the boat The length of the rope should be adjusted at this time to have the rope barely slack at the valley of the wave action The hose should be laid out to the desired location of water pumping 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 59 12 6 Customer Survey and Comments A customer survey was conducted to attain possible customer interest in the device Although the survey sample was small it yielded the following results Of the people surveyed 76 expressed interest in using the device The average price listed for the device was 137 Garden and water supply were the top two uses for the device Other suggested uses for the device were to
20. pressroom STUDY cfm Useage Costs Inside of the City ccf 748 05 1 gal Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord ier in O ier in 1 ier in 2 ier in 3 ier in 4 1 04 748 05 gal 1 2 748 05 gal 2 02 748 05 gal 27 748 05 gal 3 9 748 05 gal 49 Useage Costs Outside of the City Remote Areas COSttier out 0 een Costiier out 1 p CoSttier out 2 nu CoSttier out 3 we CoSttier out 4 GG Source http www tampagov net deptwater Rates AndFees Water usage rates asp Annual Usage by Tier 3750 0 Usagetie o 5 1 gal yr 9725 4490 Usagetie 1 2 12 gal yr 19450 10475 Usageieno 12 gal yr 33675 20200 Usagetier s 2 12 gal yr Usag tie 4 34410 12 gal yr Annual Savings Average use is Tier 2 Annualsavings in Costtierin 2 Annualexternaluse Annualsavings out COSttierout 2 Annual externaluse Inside City Savings Externaluse Costierini USageiier Savings tier in i 100 i for i Oto 4 Remote Location City Savings Externaluse Cost Usage tier Savings dea ou tier out QE tier i foe i Oto 4 100 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 50 Solution rs ziBix Main 4 Unit Settings kJ K kPa kmol He
21. provided convenient locations on the device for easy anchoring it made anchoring more difficult Lateral forces from the water current imposed hydrodynamic forces that tended to lift the entire device The frame design needed to have less surface area and also had to be streamlined in order to minimize the hydrodynamic forces The final design that was considered and chosen was the steel tube design This design can be seen in Figure 6 5 1 The unique quality this design displays is a streamlined frame that minimizes the hydrodynamic forces due to the water current This design also implemented 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 16 optimal locations for weight addition and used stakes to firmly anchor the device in a sandy or muddy lake bed The lever arm used a 10 1 ratio such that the buoyancy force increased tenfold when applied to the pump Schematics for the final design of our frame can be found in Appendix 12 7 6 3 Floatation Devices We made the following considerations when designing our flotation device or bobber We had considered a Styrofoam ball as a lightweight and environment resistant option however finding a suitable ball proved more difficult and costly than we had assumed A thirty inch diameter ball from Barnard Limited http www barnardltd com costs 93 00 We contacted West Marine about our project and they offered us a buoy for about a quarter the original pr
22. seen that the opposite end of the lever arm is connected to the pump and the pump is constrained from any translational motion by the frame The pump also has holes around it to facilitate water entry The bobber s buoyancy 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 5 will provide the lift to pump the water out of the pump into a hose As the waves cycle the buoy will continually provide pumping power Figure 1 3 2 displays the final prototype based on this design Figure 1 3 1 Design diagram Figure 1 3 2 Bobber prototype 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 6 2 PROJECT OVERVIEW The wave powered water pump uses the horizontal motion of waves to pump water In order to accomplish this task we established project objectives that would guide our design and fabrication processes We also described the requirements with regards to the performance of our device 2 1 Objectives e To design and build the wave powered water pump e To test the device and assess its performance e To generate schematics of all the parts of design e To provide documentation on how to build and assemble a prototype e To present a final design that is complete with recommendations on future improvement 22 Requirements e Generate pressure greater than 25 psi to achieve 50 ft of head e The device should be portable with an overall weight that is less than 50 Ib e The p
23. 005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 56 Figure 12 5 3 Lever arm assembled Step 4 Place the 3 weights on the uprights at the end of the legs Clip the hairpins to the holes above the weights to keep the weights in place Figure 12 5 4 Weights and pins in place Step 5 Attach the hose to the fitting on the pump This connection must be very tight Figure 12 5 5 Hose connected to the pump 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 57 Step 6 Attach the buoy to the end of the lever arm The length of this rope is dependant on the depth of water in which the Bobber will be placed Figure 12 5 6 Buoy attached to the lever arm 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 58 Installation The Bobber may be installed using a few different methods The Bobber performs at optimum when placed past the breaking waves but can be installed anywhere the lake bed is relatively flat The typical installations are described here Walk In Method After assembly the Bobber can be carried by one person to the depth desired for maximum wave action Having two people to carry the Bobber is easier and also recommended The Bobber is then placed with the spikes pointing down towards the lake bed The length of the rope should be adjusted at this time to have the rope barely slack at the valley of the wave action The
24. 2 6 04 13 PPFS 6 days Mon 12 6 04 Mon 12 13 04 Component Analysis 13 days Mon 1 10 05 Wed 1 26 05 21 AutoDESK Design 7 days Mon 1 10 05 Tue 1 18 05 2 ALGOR Analysis 10 days Thu 1 13 05 Wed 1 26 05 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 40 e Task Name Duration Start Finish Jan 3U US Mar B US Apr TU Us May TS US SSRI EE AEE BEN Testing of new pump 2days Thu 2 24 05 Fri 2 25 05 a 1005 2 Anchoring 5 days Thu 2 24 05 Wed 3 2 05 10x CSL Industrial Consultant Preparation 37days Thu 2 10 05 Thu 3 31 05 3 Complete Design 1 day Fri 4 1 05 Fri 4 1 05 38 ei Detailed Drawing 5 days Fri 4 1 05 Thu 4 7 05 39 jv Material Acquisition 10 days Mon 4 4 05 Fri 4 15 05 40 Construction 3days Mon 4 18 05 Wed 4 20 05 4 Lei Lake Test 2 days Sat 4 30 05 Mon 5 2 05 4 E Presentation 3days Thu 2 24 05 Mon 2 28 05 43 Powerpoint preparation 2 days Thu 2 24 05 Fn 2 25 05 H Le Presentation lday Mon 2 28 05 Mon 2 28 05 45 E Final Presentation 23 days Fri 3 25 05 Tue 4 26 05 46 Powerpoint presentation 22 days Fri 3 25 05 Mon 4 25 05 4 Lei Presentation lday Tue 4 26 05 Tue 4 26 05 4 Y Design Banquet Preparation 9 days Wed 4 27 05 Fri 5 6 05 49 v Brainstorm Ideas on presentation 5days Wed 4 27 05 Mon 5 2 05 KS Construction Sdays Mon 5 2 05 Fri 5 6 05 8t y Class Submittals and Presentations 53days Thu 2 24 0
25. 5 Fri 5 6 05 52 v Final Report 38 days Thu 2 24 05 Mon 4 18 05 53 v Banquet Presentation 3 days Wed 5 4 05 Fri 5 6 05 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 4 12 3 Computations Pump Sizing Worksheet Constants vi 0 0000166 ft s v2 0 00000989 ft s Ti 40 F T2 75 F g 322 Dis Pump Variables Doump 1 in Stroke 4 in Hose Variables Dmse 5 8 Lnose 100 fi Anse m Pas 2 Bobber Variables Feobber 14 lbf Mech Advantage 48 Mech advan 5 Force on Piston Fpiston FBobber Mechaqvan Wave Constants Period 3 sec Pump Dimensions 2 A TES pump 2 Pressure P F piston Apump Head Head Z 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 42 P 144 0 031081 2 psi e Ib fs pH20 p Water T T2 P2147 Volumetric Flow Rate Volpump Apump Stroke x Vol pump gpm V 0 25974 pump Period in3 s gal day Vday Vpump 1440 apni F gal year Vyear Vpump 525600 TB Reynolds s ft3 s 0 002228 oom v 2 Vpump fi B oos Es ft v Dhose 0 083333 Ee Hei vi ft v Dhose 10 083333 pum Re2 v2 Friction Factors Head Loss u 64 Ret 64 Re2 L v hdessi D nose ft 2 g Dhose bus m 2 Ln V hdiossa f2 lt ft
26. 5 pounds The mechanical advantage did all the work The maximum pressure obtained in the pump is higher than the recommended operating range of the pump The pin between the bottom arm and the aluminum rod was bent during the test due to the 45 pound load recommended load is 14 pounds Furthermore the test was destructive to the pump cylinder therefore it is not recommended that the pump function above 100 psi Above this range the pump may be damaged 7 3 Pool Test On March 14 2005 a wooden frame prototype was tested in a pool in Dallas Texas The wooden frame was a mock up of the proposed metal frame The frame was loaded with 32 pounds of weight and lowered into a 12 feet deep pool The frame handled very well when entering and leaving the water after a few modifications were made to the lever arm support system and the weight distribution system These modifications included adding a second support arm for the lever arm and a spreading the weight out in front of the device With these slight modifications the Bobber was able to be thrown horizontally into the pool and glide down to the bottom The weights were sufficient in holding down the entire device 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 20 The problems with this prototype included the lever arm not returning to the horizontal position the lever arm rising to far causing the pump to over actuate and stick and the pump not pivoting c
27. April 15 2005 The frame was loaded with 32 lbs four 8 Ib weights A rope was also tied to the frame in case the buoy became unattached and the frame needed to be hauled out of the water This rope was tied off to the bow of the boat with about 20 feet of line The frame was then placed into the water The water depth was about 6 feet Then the hose was unreeled and allowed to fill with water The wind picked up a little but not enough to create any significant wave motion however the boat was blown out of position The boat in use was 16 ft speed boat with a V hull and loaded with 4 adult passengers The wind was causing the boat to drift at a steady pace until the 20 ft rope had no more slack AII of the sudden the boat came to an abrupt stop and the bow swung around towards the direction of the Bobber The Bobber frame was anchoring the entire boat The lake bed of Reed s Lake is muddy and the metal spikes were able to penetrate this mud enough to hold the boat in position Finally the buoy was manually pushed and released under water for about a minute This caused the pump to start pushing water through the hose The next step was to put a nozzle on the end of the hose to test the pressure After a few minutes of pumping the nozzle was depressed and shot water about 10 feet This was repeated but the nozzle was not depressed After a few minutes it was evident that the water was not leaking out of the connections and the pressure was maintained
28. C Polyethylene To find out how important this factor was calculations were done to determine the change in wall thickness of PVC for a specified range of temperatures Our calculations shown in Appendix 12 3 revealed that the change in wall thickness that can be expected from the PVC is about 0 7 thousandths of an inch a negligible number The plunger for the pump was chosen to be nylon because of its extreme durability and self lubricating properties These material used for the pump in the prototype are recommended for as the materials to be used in the final pump design The materials for the pump had been chosen but the issue still remained as to what could be some possible materials for the frame Polyurethane was a plastic option for the frame because it has excellent abrasion corrosion and impact resistance and is also affordable 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 25 As for metals steel and aluminum were both options Steel is not corrosion resistant by itself Aluminum will also corrode when exposed to oxygen especially when surrounded by water but will take more time to do so It would seem that either metal would need corrosion protection in the form of a coating The weight and the cost of aluminum were considered The weight was an issue because a lighter product would be more economical to ship but would have to be weighted down more before implementation The real decidi
29. L l 0 31VOS 0c V 31VO9S p S OJOS p NUM IU L EL31VOS uoJJ YL INN OLE L F0o3aT1vos NOlLdlH2S3G YSSWAN LYYd ALO Wall 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 82 L ON pe iuvd SE alva S000 00070 ull WOO 01007 00 0 Y 8 an 001 OF 00 payloads ssajun seoueJoJo L sJeqqog 90 Wee seuou sun 6 lloO ule UBIseq Jolues 9109 epuny wwvud V Vya3lvos oujeuios k L 31VOS VI ONN OL v Ier Sued L E 31VOS dol L E 31v9S pa B 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 83 L ZH oo a S000 00070 Uld ulof 01007 000 Id utor L sud 00L03 Nd payloads ssajun s ocue1 o L sJeqqog 90 wee seuou syn eBe o2 uiA e u amp iseg Joiues oO epun Nwvua V Vy3lvos oujeuios d L L 31VOS UOJ udin Ier Sued L L E31V9S do 31V9S dn eseu SPIS 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 84 L ON US ee S000 000 0 uld uuy woog 01003 Ke 371111 00107 00 payloads ssajun s ocue1j o 1 sJeqqog 90 uee S uoul Spun k oSv AIVOS Sale utile UBiseq Jolues aog epun Nwwuq dol L L 31v9S es oujeulos S 90 0d S290 04 RN R Lok 31V9S L oer 31VOS juo epis dun ee NOI Ldl330S3GqQ Ier Sued 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord
30. LI Se ee L N L a1vos epis T Leen k dlvoS uol4 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 92 L ON x aowa men ayl S00 0 F 00070 00107 00 SH peuioeds ssajun s ocue1 o L sj qqog 90 weal seuoul suun mem uneo used Joues Kopi sewour wes 3ueuieo OAd ui poq uiew y o pepuoq eq pinoys sdeopu3 e1oN sopauueg Nen duna G amp JieuwgesoHdund Sz deg dung wong z 4 NOILdINOS3G M38WON LYYd ALO Wall Ier Sued L 9 0 3HTVOS oujeulos 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 93 L ON RE E S000 0000 pog dwng ulen 01007 000 au 00L07 00 payloads ssajun s ocue1 o 1 sJeqqog 90 weal seuoul suun 262109 Eier owes aere we p 31V9S oujeulos c V3lvos EE NOILdld 0S3Ga H38IATN LHVd L N c V3lvos 9pIS c b 31VOS uoJ4 oe L GCL L S000 T 000 LO 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 94 00 0 000 0 01007 00 0 001 0F 00 peuioeds ssajun seouesajo seuoul suu FI 31VOS ts wa epis L SZ L 31VOS oujeulos ol Sa v 31VOS r 3a1v9S dol 1u0J4 FG L F L LO O rg ou Nouamossq Seene ALO wu L N 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 95 L V c ee ooz avg Panz 0007 000 0 e wind
31. Wave Powered Water Pump ENGINEERING 340 May 2005 Team 6 The Bobbers Babatunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andrew Van Noord EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Our studies at Calvin College have ingrained in us the need to draw on our abilities and proficiencies as engineers to positively impact our environment Our senior design project was aimed at creating a water pump powered by the continuous motion of waves Wave energy is an overlooked renewable and alternative energy source We believe that by harnessing wave energy to pump water instead of an electric pump we would be acting as good stewards of the environment as pollution will be reduced We were successful in designing and building this device and fulfilled each requirement that we set for our project During the testing stage our device was also successful in harnessing this wave energy to pump water 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord l ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to express our appreciation to the following people who served as our professors during this capstone senior design course Ned Nielsen who was our team advisor and gave us critical reviews and guidance with the design Leonard De Rooy Aubrey Sykes and Steve VanderLeest who offered very helpful suggestions and ideas throughout the project We appreciate all the assistance they provided to us during the course We would like to thank Chuck Spoelhof and Greg Baak
32. al shop at Calvin College The following is a list of actual parts used in the Bobber prototype and their estimated cost Pipe Fittings Component Description of items Price per item Total price ilron pipe 1 2 schedule 40 14 frame base 3 3 08 9 24 2lron pipe 1 2 schedule 40 21 arm 3 4 62 13 86 3lron pipe 1 2 schedule 40 46 bobber arm 1 10 12 10 12 Allron pipe 1 2 schedule 40 5 5 arm base 1 1 21 1 21 5 Iron pipe 1 2 schedule 40 4 weight holder 3 0 88 2 64 6 ron pipe 1 2 schedule 40 7 spike 3 1 54 4 62 7 1 2 Black iron pipe caps 3 1 08 3 24 8 1 2 Black iron T Junctions 4 2 81 11 24 Sub Total 56 17 Pump Parts Component Description of items Price per item Total price 1 Aluminum rod 1 4 dia x 8 long anodized 1 2 04 2 04 2iNylon 90 deg elbow 3 4 pipe 1 2 57 2 57 31 Pipe cap PVC 1 0 31 0 31 413 4 x 1 male adaptor PVC 1 0 44 0 44 Bronze check valve 3 4 pipe fittings 1 16 04 16 04 6 PVC pipe 1 std 7 1 4 long schedule 40 1 0 24 0 24 713 8 x 1 dia 6 6 Nylon disk 2 0 09 0 18 8 Polyurethane bumper 1 dia disk 1 0 41 0 41 9 Screen Filter 1 0 47 0 47 Sub Total 22 23 Steel Bar Component Description of items Price per item Total price 11 4 x 1 x 2 5 Cross member 1 0 58 0 58 24 4 x 1 x 9 Cross member 2 2 07 4 14 31 4 x 1 x 5 Cross member 2 1 15 2 3 44 4 x 1 x 5 5 Cross membe
33. ayloads ssajun s ocue1 o 1 seuou syuun e5e o2 uneg u amp iseg Joiues oO epun val quuesse siu Jo pepeeu poujeui lt Buipuoq Je nonued oN e1oN uld jutof p 8 ud uuv uoiog tv juiof Wy MUAR It Sued YAEWNN LYYd L LN L 410 31VOS oujeulos 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 79 L ON El ee S000 00070 Buueeg uuv 01007 000 suu 00L07 00 payloads ssajun seoueJoJo L sJeqqog 90 Weel seuou sun eBe o2 uneg uBis q Joiues 8109 epun Nwvua c b 31VO9S oujeuios amp L z 31VO9S dol F 0S 0 H S20 0 0SZ 0 Buwsguw fz NOILdINOS3G YSSWAN LYYd ALO Wall Ier Sued L L c 31VO9S p S k 31VOS uoJ4 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 80 L WE oe 31v9S EN M MR juiop uu IILL payloads ssajun s ocue1 o L h S00 F szz Jl sJeqqog 90 uee seuoul suun eBe o2 uneg u amp iseg Joiuegs 9 09 pun Nwvua TIVOS oujeuios L 0S Lc 31VOS L 0S 31VOS luo1q 8 ONN OPE morruv t L NOILdI3OS3q H38WnNl1uvd ALO Ier Sued 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 81 L ON US oo a S000 00070 Wy 01007 00 0 quiu 0010F 0 0 payloads ssajun s ocue1 o 1 sJeqqog 90 Wee seuou sun eBe o2 ulnjeg uBis q Joiues ao epun Nwvua
34. f explanation This device is the equivalent of a manual pump There exists on the market a manual hand pump which pump 25 gallons per minute The product sells for 40 http www harborfreight com cpi ctaf Displayitem taf itemnumber 47664 Also there are manual pumps for wells which work in much the same way this device does These can sell for as much as 1000 However the functions of these devices do not exactly correlate to the wave 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 60 powered water pump A pump that harnesses wave energy takes manual pumps one step further Green energy is becoming increasingly popular People are realizing that more efficient energy use is not an option but must Environmental issues are progressively becoming a concern and people living by lakes are not exempt from these concerns and might be interested in using a wave powered water pump This said there are concerns of over use of this device Overuse of this product by multiple users could have negative environmental impacts Lakes could be drained or ruined if too much is drawn from them Hopefully the volume per person drawn would remain small so that this is not a problem Another possible problem is safety The device has sharp edges that could lead to injury to users If used in highly volatile wave conditions chances of injury increase Cycle tests were not performed However in the three months of use and tes
35. ge Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 105
36. generate electricity and plumbing It is not immediately evident from this survey whether there would be a market for this device as most of the people surveyed were only hypothetical customers The best way to determine the possibility of selling the Bobber would be to introduce a few Bobbers to the market and allow word of mouth to promote the device If this device works well the market would grow As it stands now it is difficult to obtain reliable information because people are not familiar with the product People may not immediately see the usefulness until the product receives more exposure The construction of this device cost 160 in parts These were made from stock components bought from suppliers who make their own profit on the sale of their parts With mass production and less expensive suppliers the cost to manufacture could possibly be cut in half Also the prototype was built simply for demonstration purposes If customizable systems were built for different applications then customer satisfaction would be even higher For example many people wanted more volume out of the pump Units could be fitted with various pump sizes Also the device can easily be repaired if needs be with parts available from a local hardware store Already the design is so simplistic and easy to use that customers do not feel intimidated by the device In fact most people who learned about the project were able to understand how the device worked with a brie
37. he design stage through the construction stage and finally testing We effectively demonstrated and proved that the wave powered water pump can indeed harness wave energy and pump water We created a device which can potentially save users money by pumping free water free of charge The cost savings of having a wave powered water pump were calculated See Appendix 12 3 The electrical savings were only 2 49 year versus having an electrical pump but the water utility savings were 286 year based on average external water usage of people living outside of a city This is a substantial monetary savings 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 34 11 2 Future Recommendations We have several recommendations for the further design and testing of the Bobber before it is put into production Cycle testing needs to be performed on a complete prototype to ensure the device will continue to work as desired after years of use The steel materials used for the prototype are not recommended for the final design unless they are tested in actual conditions for an extended period of time to determine the amount of damage rust would cause the device It is possible with the right type of coating material that the current steel materials would hold up for several years before corroding to a point of disrepair We recommend that aluminum be used as the material for the frame instead of steel or iron pipe Using a polyurethane
38. hoices See Appendix 12 1 for pump and miscellaneous costs The following is a summary of total costs for the three material choices Steel 160 28 Aluminum 261 66 Polyurethane 173 81 We recommend using aluminum even though it is the most expensive choice Aluminum will stand up better in the marine environment and is strong enough to withstand the stresses applied to it Using polyurethane would require a substantial redesign of the frame 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 33 11 CONCLUSION 11 1 Assessment of Project Objectives and Requirements Upon the conclusion of this project the assessment has been made that the Bobber is a successful prototype It met or exceeded all objectives and requirements set Objectives Set Achieved Design and Build Wave Powered Water Pump Figure 1 3 2 Test the Device and Assess its Performance Section 7 Generate Schematics of AII the Parts of Design Appendix 12 7 Provide Documentation on How to Build and Appendix 12 4 12 5 Assemble a Prototype Present a Final Design that is Complete with Section 8 Recommendations on Future Improvement Requirements Set Achieved Pressure Greater than 25 psi 164 psi Portable Weight Limit of 50 Ib 49 Ib Volumetric Flow rate of 300 gpd 391 gpd Budget not to exceed 500 129 09 We are deeply satisfied with the outcome of our project from t
39. ice This buoy can generate 14 pounds of buoyancy force and was made from a plastic material specifically designed for the harsh marine environment 6 4 Accessories In order for our device to function critical decisions were made with regards to other accessories These are outlined below Cable Attached the bobber to the lever arm It was made out of nylon to take care of corrosion issues Fittings The frame was made of threaded tubes that could be screwed into fittings so the device can be easily disassembled Brass Bushings The brass bushings acted as bearings to reduce the friction during the movement of the bobber arm Check Valve This would allow the water to flow out of the pump with no back flow Woven mesh This would prevent sand and other debris from entering the pump and interfering with the pumping action 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 17 6 5 Final Prototype Figure 6 5 1 Labeled Prototype 1 Piston Style Pump 8 Stake 2 Check Valve 9 Location of Weight Addition 3 Pump Pivot Bracket 10 Leg to Stake and Weight Addition 4 Lever Arm Side Support 11 Common T Fitting 5 Lever Arm 12 Custom T Fitting 6 Buoy 13 Bushing and Pin Assembly 7 Nylon Rope 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 18 7 TESTING 7 1 Pump Pressure Test 1 One of the tradeoffs to build
40. ild a device that would not be powered by conventional energy sources but rather a device that would be powered by an alternative and renewable energy source By this undertaking we are of the opinion that our project is influenced by two main design norms stewardship and cultural appropriateness 4 31 Stewardship We are called to be good stewards or caretakers of our world We are called to use our resources wisely and with the big picture in mind The United States does not follow this ideology as we are using up almost every available resource at an alarming rate To help combat the current gas guzzling culture we designed a device that uses wave energy a renewable and abundant energy source to pump water With concern for the environment in which we live and the environment in which our grandchildren will someday live we designed a device that actually reduces pollution by replacing electric powered water pumps Most electricity is generated by burning coal an inefficient process so by reducing the electrical load our device reduces inefficiency and pollution while utilizing a free green and renewable source of energy 4 2 Cultural Appropriateness A key design norm for this project was the cultural appropriateness of putting a device into a lake or ocean Most people like to have unobstructed ocean or lake views and installing a large device that could be seen as an eyesore would be contrary to this desire We designed ou
41. ing a pump is not knowing all the specifications of the pump After building the pump it was necessary to test the pumping capability According to task specifications water must be pumped to at least 50 vertical feet This amounts to a pressure of about 25 psi This pressure required the pump to be sealed with tight fittings An area of concern in testing the pump was the two check valves in the pump assembly If the check valve integrated into the piston was insufficient water could not be pumped up to 50 feet but leak from within the pump If the second check valve required a great deal of pressure to overcome the back pressure the pump would also fail These concerns were laid to rest after testing the pump A hose was laid out and marked at 10 foot increments The hose was hung from the third floor of Calvin s DeVries Hall all the way to the basement Altogether this was a distance of about 55 feet A bucket filled with water was placed in the basement and the pump was manually driven At first it did not seem like the pump would work Minutes went by without any sign of the water reaching the top however after about three minutes water was observed flowing out of the end of the hose on the third floor The only leakage that occurred was between the standard garden hose connection and a fitting attached to the pump The pump itself remained completely sealed and intact It is estimated that at least 75 pounds of force was input into the pump A
42. ing to retrieve In contrast renewable energy resources such as waves from large bodies of water are constantly replenished and will never run out There is a need to develop alternative energy sources along with the methods to harness these energy sources Renewable energy is important because of the benefits it provides Two key benefits are Environmental Impact Renewable energy technologies are clean sources of energy that have a much lower environmental impact than conventional energy technologies Energy for the Future Generation Renewable energy will not run out Other sources of energy are finite and will some day be depleted Waves are a form of this renewable energy Winds across a body of water form waves and these waves act as a giant capacitor for the wind energy The waves are constantly undulating and are a virtually untapped energy source 12 Problem Statement The goal of this project was to design build and test a device that will harness wave energy convert it into usable mechanical energy and use this mechanical energy to actuate a piston style water pump 13 Design Description The design of the system involves a buoy the bobber riding the surface of the water A nylon cable connects the bobber to an L shaped lever arm The lever arm provides a mechanical advantage which actuates a piston style water pump Figure 1 3 1 displays the final design diagram of our device From this diagram it can be
43. irst paper were taken 2 kilometers 1 2 miles offshore where the water is 16 meters 53 ft deep Our project is to be launched in about 0 9 meters to 1 5 meters 3 ft to 5 ft of water Using this model we converted the tower s data into applicable data in order to create a theoretical model of waves for our proposed design site 3 2 Legality of Project Department of Natural Resources We needed to learn about possible laws or permits that could hinder our ability to test the bobber and also if individuals could use this device without breaching any laws With this in mind we called the law enforcement office of the Department of Natural Resources DNR 269 685 6851 We were contacted by Lieutenant James who told us that we did not need a permit to operate our device in Lake Michigan if we would remove the device at the end of testing He also told us that we could use our device in any state or local park but we needed permission to use privately owned sections of the lake frontage This information suggested to us that as long as our device is not a permanent fixture in the Lake there should be no regulations that would make the use of this device illegal 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 8 4 DESIGN NORMS With the looming environmental concerns raised with current energy generation methods and the need to develop renewable and alternative sources our team felt it prudent to design and bu
44. n and make sure that there were always tasks for each individual member to perform Below we have the project file that the team followed during the course of the project It shows also shows a Gantt chart together with the text 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 39 Task Name Duration Start Finish H Nov 21 04 Dec 26 04 Jan 30 05 Mar 5 05 Ww S T M E T S Ww s T M F T S Group Poster 3 days Mon 11 8 04 Wed 11 10 04 0 Eei Call DNR 1day Mon 11 8 04 Fri 11 19 04 MEN Determine Regulations 2 days Tue 11 9 04 Wed 11 10 04 Ex Subscribe to LAGLR org 3days Thu 11 11 04 Mon 11 15 04 g Yearly Wave Info Database 4days Thu 11 11 04 Tue 11 16 04 0 5 Determine Testing Feasibility 3 days Tue 11 16 04 Thu 11 18 04 00 E Meeting with Ind Consultant 2days Mon 11 22 04 Tue 11 23 04 EMI Monthly budget Report 4 days Thu 11 25 04 Tue 11 30 04 3 Analyze System Components 27days Tue 11 30 04 Wed 1 5 05 Be Pump Research 27 days Tue 11 30 04 Wed 1 5 05 1 Valve Research 27 days Tue 11 30 04 Wed 1 5 05 12 Bobber Research 27 days Tue 11 30 04 Wed 1 5 05 13 Cable Research 27 days Tue 11 30 04 Wed 1 5 05 14 Anchoring Alteranatives 27 days Tue 11 30 04 Wed 1 5 05 193 Class Requirements 13 days Thu 11 25 04 Mon 12 13 04 18 PPFS Draft 7 days Thu 11 25 04 Fn 12 3 04 17 Oral Presentation PPT 2days Mon 11 29 04 Tue 11 30 04 18 Website Design 6 days Mon 11 29 04 Mon 1
45. n important lesson gained from this experience however is that of watertight seals The amount of pressure that can be developed in the pump and in the system as a whole depends heavily on the seals It is possible that the pump could achieve heights greater than 55 feet however the force required to achieve this also increases 7 2 Pump Pressure Test 2 In a second and more direct pressure test the entire device was submerged in a 90 gallon tank where it could be manually operated to simulate the action of waves A 500 psi range pressure gauge was attached Initially each stroke of the arm would cause the gage to display a reading of about 80 psi This would rapidly drop down to zero This was due to improper seals in the gauge The fittings were reattached using Teflon tape The device was placed back in the 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 19 tank and a pressure of 350 psi was recorded The check valve held but the pressure gauge still had a few leaks so the gauge would drop steadily after the maximum was reached In order to test to see that the gauge was indeed calibrated and working it was also connected to a faucet in the building A reading of about 35 psi was measured This was a reasonable reading and verified the gauge was correctly calibrated Figure 7 2 1 Picture taken moments after the pressure gauge peaked at 350 psi It is estimated that the input force was about 4
46. ng factor became price The team had already decided to use tubing for the bobber frame and the price of aluminum tubing is approximately 3 to 4 times as much as steel tubing so coated steel was the metal option for the frame The coating was chosen to be a layer of rubberized spray on top of a layer of primer covered with a layer of paint The rubberized spray would provide durability for the coating to ensure it did not chip or rub off easily The specified material for the frame is aluminum to protect against corrosion due to the harsh environment of wind and water Also instead of using bronze bushings that rub directly against the frame at the lever arm pivot point two nylon bushings should be used at the frame and the lever arm pivot point locations such that their relative motion against each other will reduce wear 82 Accessories Due to the various applications of the Bobber a variety of accessories would accompany the product A valve would be needed if the flow of the water needed to be controlled This valve would be attached to the end of the hose that will be out of the water A pressure relief valve should also be included in the final design This pressure relief valve should be set to open at 100 psi This is well under the maximum pressure the PVC pump is rated testing has shown the pump can handle up to 350 psi Another design accessory should be a plastic mesh around the side supports By enclosing the pump the chances of an
47. nt from the very beginning that the device was not able to support itself This was due to the strong currents of the water The Bobber s wooden frame was built out of 4 inch wide side supports and a 6 inch wide base This provided the currents a large surface area to act upon as it pushed the Bobber back and forth along the bottom The flat bottom of the frame provided negligible resistance to the horizontal forces Accepting defeat in effectively anchoring the Bobber Andy Van Noord and Tunde Cole positioned themselves on top of the Bobber in an attempt to hold it down This allowed the Bobber to stay somewhat stationary and the waves were able to actuate the lever arm by means of the buoy a milk jug The Bobber was able to pump water once anchored by the team members 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 21 The test showed that the entire framed must be redesigned to overcome the obstacles discovered There must be a redesign that minimizes surface area of the frame in order to decrease the hydrodynamic drag There must also be a means of digging into ocean or lake bed in order to prevent the device from sliding along the bottom The test was documented by use of video and still photography Once redesigned the Bobber must be tested further to determine the performance capabilities 7 5 Reed s Lake Test After a major redesign to the Bobber frame the final prototype was tested in Reed s Lake on
48. orrectly The first problem was solved by adding weight to the end of the lever arm causing it to fall back into position The wooden lever arm will be replaced by metal in the next prototype This material change will cause the lever arm to fall on its own accord because it will not have any buoyancy force The second problem was solved by tying rope from the frame to the end of the lever arm limiting the amount of travel The last problem was solved by attaching the pump with a new set of zip ties which were not tied as tightly about 2 of play In the final design the pump will be mounted on an actual pivot allowing the pump to move as needed The pool test showed that the design would actually glide to the bottom of a body of water and that the pump worked when the buoyancy device was driven by hand repeated dunking of the buoy The test was documented by use of video and still photography Further testing in a large body of water is needed to determine the prototype s performance with actual Waves 7 4 Ocean Test On March 15 2005 the wooden frame prototype was tested in the Gulf of Mexico off the shores of South Padre Island Texas The conditions were extremely windy and the seas were very rough Despite the conditions the Bobber was carried out do a depth of about 2 3 feet This was right where the waves were starting to break but because of the rough seas it was the furthest out the Bobber could be safely taken It was quite appare
49. overed that the hose fitting was loose and we did not have the required tools to tighten it The day was not a loss however as we got to see the anchoring system in a fairly hostile environment The device held was easy to place in the water and just as easy to remove It did not require force to place it in the sand its own weight was adequate It stayed completely anchored even when the waves swept over the top of the buoy and went completely underwater Further testing was still necessary to demonstrate the pump s performance under real world conditions 77 Lake Michigan Test 2 Failing to demonstrate the pumping ability on the first Lake Michigan test a second test was required On May 1 2005 the team returned to Holland State Park to test the Bobber The Bobber was placed about 20 feet from shore and in 2 3 feet of water The air temperature was about 45 F the water temperature was about 40 F The wind was blowing at about 5 mph and the wave height was about 2 feet The fittings held tight the undulating waves lifted the buoy and the Bobber pumped water This test proved the complete success of the Bobber Every requirement set for the wave power water pump had been achieved The Bobber anchored itself in pounding waves The water pressure had been tested to over 164 psi with the size buoy we 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 23 were using The volumetric flow rate of the pump wa
50. plastic for the frame would require more testing and design and is therefore not recommended with the current schematics and calculations We also recommend securing a plastic mesh around the supports to keep the fingers and toes of curious swimmers out of the way of the pivot point This small safety measure would ensure that no one could be accidentally injured by the motion of the lever arm A pressure relief valve and a valve to limit the flow are also recommended in the final design These two small parts would increase the functionality and act as precautionary measures to ensure a user could not accidentally misuse and damage the pump 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 35 12 APPENDICES 12 1 Expense Report Bill of Sale 12 2 Project Timeline 123 Computations 12 4 Assembly per Component 12 5 User Manual 12 6 Customer Survey and Comments 12 7 Design Schematics 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 36 12 1 Expense Report Bill of Sale The following is a list of the parts purchased Piston Pump Grainger 9 50 Pipe and Fittings McMaster Carr 76 53 Split Ring Hanger McMaster Carr 9 46 Bronze Bearings McMaster Carr 11 58 Buoy West Marine 9 54 Pipe Fittings Lowes 4 55 Paint Wal Mart 7 93 Total 129 09 Most of the materials used for the frame construction were scrap materials found in the met
51. ponents Figure 12 4 2 Rod components Figure 12 4 3 shows the check valve assembly with the black rubber acting as a seal between the two plastic pistons 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 53 Figure 12 4 3 Check valve assembly Figure 12 4 4 shows the components pieced together Note the nut should not be tightened completely to allow water to flow past during the down stroke of the piston Figure 12 4 4 Allowance in check valve The pump components are shown in Figure 12 4 5 These components include the piston 1 the pump housing 2 the inlet cap 3 and the outlet cap 4 Figure 12 4 5 Pump components 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 54 The final pump assembly is shown in Figure 12 4 6 Figure 12 4 6 Pump assembly 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 55 12 5 User Manual Assembly of the Bobber Step 1 Verify that all parts are present buoy 1 length of rope 1 triangular pump housing 3 T shaped legs 3 10 Ib weights Figure 12 5 1 Bobber Parts 3 hairpins 1 standard hose Step 2 Screw T shaped legs into the triangular frame The pointed end of the T should be facing down as seen in Figure 2 Figure 12 5 2 Legs assembled Step 3 Screw lever arm into the T fitting 2
52. powered water pump would be an ideal solution for maintaining the water supply for a lawn or garden if they lived near a large body of water The wave powered water pump could be placed in the water body during the spring or summer when lawns demand water and removed during the winter seasons when watering is no longer needed The wave powered water pump could help supplement the homeowner s domestic water supply that is used in watering the lawn in turn reducing their water bill This is also an ideal solution because the water used on lawns and gardens does not need to be treated by a drinking water plant so the wave powered water pump also helps reduce the demand on the city s domestic drinking water For this type of application the wave powered water pump would be outfitted with a valve to allow the user to determine the maximum flow rate 5 3 Water Supply for Ponds and Water Gardens The wave powered water pump would be an excellent way to provide fresh lake water to a pond or water garden The fresh water supply would ensure that the pond had all the required oxygen to sustain aquatic life This application would also keep the water level in the pond or water garden at a certain height by having a semi constant supply of lake water flowing into the pond A runoff would be needed to ensure that excess water would drain back into the lake 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 10 5 4 Remote Loca
53. ppendix 12 3 shows the computations used The schematics of the pump can be found in the Appendix 12 7 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 13 1000 1600 gt Es Ke G N Pressure d 3 0 N S Ll Volumetric Flow Le 500 e 4800 LL k P d 9 D o lt Pd 9 OO d Se e 4 q D e we i c em ULT PIPER ES E Ecl gt 0 0 0 5 1 1 5 2 Dpump in Figure 6 1 2 Pump Diameter Optimization Diagram 6 2 Frame Designs The orientation of the pump caused us to evaluate two frame designs We considered a vertical orientation and a horizontal orientation within the frames Each orientation additionally called for a new design of the bobber arm and how it was attached to the pump Vertical Orientation Cam The distinguishing feature in the vertical frame design is its utilization of a cam roller to contact the pump and actuate it Figure 6 2 1 shows the wooden prototype built based on this design The prototype was built so we could ensure that the arm action could push the piston down to pump the water out of the pump The cam shape was also determined so that the contact point remained constant over the surface of the pump This prototype was successful in pumping water however the base of the frame experienced stresses and cracked 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 14
54. r The pins showed deflections on order of thousandths of an inch The deflection in the bracket was about 0 0025 inches 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 32 10 COST ESTIMATE OF FINAL PRODUCT 10 1 Costs to Manufacture Final Product The prototype for the wave powered water pump was constructed using iron and steel pipe however aluminum or polyurethane would not corrode as easily If the wave powered water pump was put into production there would need to be further testing on the plastic and aluminum to determine how durable they would be in the harsh marine environment The following is a cost estimate for the frame construction if using aluminum or plastic These costs are only for the frame Polyurethane plastic Part Description Price per unitQuantity Total 1 1 of schedule 40 1 poly plastic tube 0 26 178 46 28 2Plas c 1 tee fitting 4 73 4 18 92 3PPlastic 1 pipe cap 0 48 3 1 44 41 of 2 x 5 plastic framing bar 0 54 25 13 5 Total 80 14 Aluminum Part Description Price per unit Quantity Total 1 1 of schedule 40 1 aluminum tubing 0 69 178 122 82 2 Aluminum 1 tee fitting 7 69 4 30 76 3Aluminum 1 pipe cap 3 47 3 10 41 AT of 1 x 5 aluminum framing bar 0 16 25 4 Total 167 99 Besides the framing all other costs such as floatation device pump etc would be comparable between the three c
55. r wave powered water pump to be submerged in a water body with the exception of the buoy The buoy although highly visible to boat operators does not qualify as an eyesore because buoys are commonly used in most water ways The design is also culturally appropriate because it is portable such that an individual user can transport the device two persons are recommended Our device will not be a permanent fixture in the Lake and will therefore not breach any laws 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 9 5 APPLICATIONS 5 1 Pump Storage Facilities The wave powered water pump can be used to continuously pump water up to a storage tank For example the Ludington Pump Storage facility in Ludington Michigan generates electricity by pumping water up to a reservoir and then releasing this water through turbines when energy is needed If a farm of wave powered water pumps were in front of the facility they would continuously pump water up to the facility by utilizing the free wave energy The downsides to this application would be that the wave powered water pump farm would have to be removed for each winter season The benefits to the farm would be the free energy harnessed and offsetting the previous costs to run the electrical pumps More cost analysis and testing would be required before this application could be deemed viable 5 2 Irrigation for Lawns For the individual home owner the wave
56. r 2 1 27 2 54 5 1 4 x 2 x 2 Cross member 2 0 44 0 88 37 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord Miscellaneous Sub Total 10 44 Component Description it of items Price per item Total price 1 Bronze bushings 1 2 rod 5 8 dia 2 3 97 7 94 2 Split ring hangers 1 pipe size 2 2 73 5 46 3Nylon bushings 1 4 rod 3 8 dia 2 1 2 24 4 Dowel pin 3 16 dia x 2 long 1 0 21 0 21 5 Dowel pin 1 2 dia x 5 long 1 5 11 5 11 6Hitchpin clip for 1 2 rod 2 0 1 0 2 7 Hitchpin clip for 3 4 rod 3 0 25 0 75 8 Vinyl coated steel wire rope 1 8 dia 2 5 ft 1 0 63 0 63 9iNylon solid braided rope 10 ft 1 4 dia 1 1 264 1 264 10 Steel wire rope clip for 1 8 rope 2 1 87 3 74 115teel wire rope clip for 1 4 rope 2 2 77 5 54 12Zinc plated oval compression sleeve for 1 8 rope 1 0 27 0 27 13Zinc plated oval compression sleeve for 1 4 rope 1 0 94 0 94 14 Buoy 1 36 99 36 99 Sub Total 71 444 Grand Total 160 284 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 38 12 2 Project Timeline In order for the project to be successful the team followed a schedule This schedule was created using Microsoft Project The software enabled the team to proceed with the project in a stepwise approach while always completing the high priority tasks at the right time It also allowed the team to pla
57. s introducing errors With this consideration the stress was calculated to be about 16 ksi The overall stress is higher because the FEA analysis takes stress concentration factors at the joints into account Displacement was about 0 7 inches at the end of the arm Load Case 1 of 1 Maximum Value 64087 4 Ibf in 2 Figure 9 1 3 Stress concentration in the Joints causes higher stresses The pin connection between the arm and pump the swivel bracket the bracket pins and the two front supports were put into an assembly in Inventor This assembly was transferred to ALGOR The bottom surfaces of the front supports were constrained in the x y z directions while the bracket was loaded with almost 170 pounds of force 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 31 Stress von Mises IbfAin 2 20521 93 18469 74 16417 54 14365 35 12313 16 10260 96 8208 772 6156 579 4104 386 2052 193 0 000336145 Figure 9 1 4 Stress developed in the pump bracket Under these conditions shear stress developed in the pins was about 8 4 ksi The higher stresses occurred in the bracket and were about 20 ksi This indicates that the pins are not an area of major concern under nominal conditions Maximum deflection found was four thousandths of an inch Most of the stress developed in the pump is transferred to the front supports Solid welds are needed at that point to ensure that failure does not occu
58. s spring corrosion and a lack of mechanical advantage Figure 6 1 1 The vertical pump 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 12 Commercial Pumps After the vertical pump research the team decided to research commercially made pumps with the hope that we would find one that could be used for our device We investigated various pneumatic pumps and some commercial piston pumps We decided not to use pneumatic pumps because they required oil lubrication an unacceptable requirement for device which will be submerged in water The commercial piston pumps that were investigated would not fit in our design because either they pumped in the wrong direction or their size was not suitable for our design however the basic design of one pump was used to fabricate our own pump Final Pump The fabrication process began by purchasing a siphon pump that utilized a piston for its operation We reverse engineered this siphon pump by taking it apart and studying its components and specifically how it was sealed when pushing fluids out Based on this siphon pump we designed our pump We optimized our pump diameter such that we could generate the greatest amount of pumping pressure and satisfy our requirement of 300 gallons per day while considering the materials available to us We determined that as the diameter of our pump increased the pumping pressure decreased Figure 6 1 2 shows this relationship and A
59. s achieving the 300 gallons per day This test was documented using still and video photography 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 24 8 FINAL DESIGN 8 1 Materials Due to monetary and time constraints ideal materials were not always available during the construction of the final prototype This section specifies the materials that should be used in the final design versus the materials actually used in the prototype The pump was the first part of the design that was considered Metals were out of the question because corrosion on the inside of the pump would cause poor pump piston movement as well as loss of pressure due to pitting on the walls of the pump Plastics were the obvious choice but choosing a suitable plastic was the next hurdle Poly vinyl chloride PVC came out to be one of the leading contenders in the choice for plastic materials for the pump body because it has good ratings for cold water use and is resistant to bacterial or fungal growth due to its extremely smooth surface finish It is also stronger lighter and cheaper than most other common plastics One consideration was whether thermal expansion and contraction would be an issue If the pump contracted too much in cold weather the plunger would be pressed harder against the sides of the pipe Plastic Type Relative Thermal Movement Engineered Plastics ABS Acrylic Polycarbonate 1 0 Polyvinyl Chloride PV
60. spective pins the following equation was used to find the shear stress in the pins The results are shown in Table 9 1 2 Force T Area Table 9 1 2 T arm pump 5 4 ksi T pump Frame 5 4 ksi These stresses are well below the yield strength of steel or aluminum materials 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 29 Finite Element Analysis A finite element analysis was performed for comparison purposes using ALGOR software An arm assembly was created in Autodesk Inventor and then transferred to ALGOR The assembly consisted of the lever arm bottom arm T joint left and right bearings T joint pin and the bottom arm pin Both the T joint pin and the bottom arm pin were fixed as boundaries conditions in the x y z directions The end of the lever arm was loaded with 14 pounds of vertical force Results of the FEA showed the highest stress to be 64 ksi This much stress would cause failure in the part however the model is slightly inaccurate Stress von Mises Ibf in 2 28526 25873 4 22820 8 19968 2 17115 6 14263 11410 4 8657 8 5705 2 2852 6 o Figure 9 1 2 FEA on arm component 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 30 In actuality the T joint is actually thicker than the model It is also difficult to model the welds between the bottom arm and T joint so the welds were modeled as simple bond
61. ting the pump and structure are yet to fail With more time and development this wave powered water pump can developed to last for years As it stands now this device would have to be replaced frequently due to corrosion which is the main concern Furthermore from a customer standpoint not being able to use this device as a hose is a bit problematic A separate tank would be required to store the water in order to make effective use of the device This must be factored in as an additional cost Finally although the device is relatively simple to install and remove it may be view as cumbersome to have to move the device around The conclusion of these studies is that there is indeed an undeveloped market for this product and furthermore the product is simplistic enough that almost anyone who is interested could use the device In production the device would probably sell from 100 200 depending on features There are a certain tradeoffs that must be considered when using this device Overall however there is a high level of interest and the wave powered water pump is feasible for production 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 61 12 7 Design Schematics The dimensions of all the components of the bobber are listed below The quantities needed to build the device are also listed Bobber Device Components List Notes e All dimensions are in inches e Tolerances unless otherwise specified
62. tion Water Supply For a remote location application the wave powered water pump would be well suited Because the wave powered water pump requires no electricity only wave action it can be used anywhere there are waves The continuous wave action is the source of power for the device and would pump water up to the needed location A possible example would be remote desalination plants The wave powered water pump could deliver the water to the plant with no use of electricity This could be very beneficial in locations where electricity is scarce or unreliable As many wave powered water pumps could be used as necessary to satisfy the water demand or a larger scale wave powered water pump could be manufactured 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 11 6 DESIGN PROCESS 6 1 Pump We began our design process by considering the integral component of our design the pump We set requirements for our pump so that we could assess its performance upon completion of its design Vertical Pump The first design that was investigated was a vertical pump which is shown in Figure 6 1 1 This was a simple yet compact design that would include a piston a cable two check valves buoy and a spring essentially our whole device in one package We recognized this design would not be effective because it did not provide an effective means for anchorage This design was not pursued further because of anchoring issue
63. ubber Check Valve 22 1 Rubber Inner Nylon Check Valve 23 1 Nylon Piston Nut 24 1 Steel size is variable Main Pump Body 25 1 PVC Top Pump Cap 26 1 PVC Bottom Pump Cap 27 1 PVC Pump Hose Connector 28 1 Plastic Pump Angle Joint 29 1 Plastic Pump Valve Connector 30 1 Plastic Outer Check Valve 31 1 Steel Outer Rubber Check Valve 32 1 Rubber Pump Swivel Bracket 33 1 Steel or Aluminum Pump Bracket Pin 34 2 Steel or Aluminum Center Top Support 35 1 Steel or Aluminum optional 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 63 E lHvd L Sie Jeqqog 8 v SILL sJeqqog 90 weal eBo 02 UE uBiseq Joiues pepnjoui sjueuoduioo Jeuonippe ui Ajquessy Jeqqog l duuoS e3oN 00107 0 0 payloads ssajun s ocueJ ol seuou 3 sr sued T s t 31v9S oujeulos 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 64 010 0 F A quessy eseg 00L 07 0 0 payloads ssajun SUED L au s uou sJeqqog 90 wee eBe o2 UE u amp iseg Joluas Sjuiof pepeeJuj ei pejoeuuoo eq ueo seoied Uu Kjesseoeu sp A ON 8 ON smaruwuvwen S 9t REI weal 91 Si Bev ot i m J ud ouy few ioo 9 1 6i wor yer wos ri 5 weriwbwwog o 5 4 v uU Gwerixwwws v i 9 Lesen CT e Powiwuvwo i z e
64. ump should be capable of generating a volumetric flow rate of 300 gallons per day Budget not to exceed 500 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 7 3 LAKE MICHIGAN RESEARCH 3 1 Wave Research In order to integrate the components of our system including the pump the frame the bobber arm and the bobber into a robust design we needed to have accurate and reliable data regarding waves in Lake Michigan our chosen testing ground To obtain this data we contacted and subscribed to online journals of the International Association of Great Lakes Research or IAGLR wwvw iaglr org The IAGLR had access to two documents which we found relevant to the information we required The first document was Wind and Wave Measurements Taken from a Tower in Lake Michigan a comprehensive study of wind and wave behavior of Lake Michigan with over 1300 documented hours of measurement The data that we found most important was the documented average wave size in Lake Michigan 0 68 meters 2 23 ft and average wave period 3 6 seconds Another important piece of information was the fluctuations of water levels 2 meters 6 56 ft The second document that we found relevant to our project was A Generalized Parametric Wind Wave Model that discussed how waves in Lake Michigan changed in shape force and velocity as they reached the shore This was relevant because the measurements taken from the tower as presented in the f
65. un mg umeo USser owes oor seuou wegl L alvos oujeulos L c JIVOS anen oouo Won e do e MEE RS NOILdINOS3G M38WON vd ALO WALI Ier Sued k 31VO9S p S mei L cCavoS uoJJ 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 89 L V c peas ooe sq 00 0 00070 ane yO UD Jeqqny 01003 Katz L z 31VOS Su 00103 00 payioads ssajun seoue 9J01 epiS sJeqqog 90 weal seuoul suun mg umeo U0s90 owes oor seuow weg L 3lvos oujeulos L c3lvos L 31VO9S Juoiqd Sco 96 0 I so eweweupamu ZI NOILdINOS3AG M38WON LYYd ALO Wall Ier Sued 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 90 L e soozezn awa S000 000 0 SNE 01007 00 0 x99u2 UO AN 4euu 44 00L 03 00 p uio ds ssajun saouesajoL sJeqqog 90 wee seuou sun 269109 uneo Zeng owes aere we L 0S JIVOS L 31V9S epis oujeuios k 09L 31V9S L 09L JIVOS do juos oe OO S00 0 S66 0B sr sed L N 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 91 L ee he ooe a 00 0 F 000 0 nN UOJSI OLO OF 00 0 WN Sid ENT 0010 00 peuioeds ssajun seouesajo sJeqqog 90 wee seuou sun mam uneo uBsediewes Kopi sewour wes L GAWOS oujeuios S L 0 L dIvos dol Sc og 8I ONN OC v L E H wje T NOLUdhOS3G0 MN38SW NlINVd ALO WA
66. yone pinching their fingers or toes if swimming near the Bobber will be reduced We recommend a plastic mesh for this application because it is low cost and it will not corrode Also a mesh is specified to minimize hydrodynamic forces See Figure 8 2 1 for Prototype design with mesh in place 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 26 Figure 8 2 1 Mesh for safety precautions 2005 Calvin College Tunde Cole Thomas Totoe Tom Van Der Puy Andy Van Noord 27 9 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS The loads subjected to the Bobber need to be determined in order to calculate the stresses in the device For example in a worst case scenario where the pump is stuck possibly due to build of sediment in the pump the stress must be determined in the lever arm If these stresses exceed the yield strength of the material used the device will fail Three main areas of the device were studied for structural integrity They are Connection between the T joint and lever arm Pin connection between arm and pump Pin connection between pump and frame Connection between the T joint and lever arm For the hand calculations the lever arms parts 1 and 3 shown in Figure 9 1 1 were assumed to be rigidly attached to the fitting part 2 An equation for beam bending and torsion was used for rough approximations for stresses in these members Torque Force Outer Diameter Inner Diameter Figure 9 1

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