TASM05 USER`S MANUAL - The Engineers Collaborative, Inc.
Contents
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5. 9 8 2 ORG and END 15 9 9 Symbolic CONSAN bete butt ti LUE EIE EU 16 8 4 Include a 16 8 5 Listing Control a 16 8 6 OP T Pse udo Qp eicere Petite aat 18 8 7 5 0 0 19 9 0 6805 6305 ADDRESSING 19 9 1 Inherent 00 2 19 9 2 Immediate 00 000000 19 9 3 Direct Addressing b a 20 9 4 Extended izimi iminten aaa a a aa aea e aaa a a E a S 20 9 5 Indexed Addressing asas 20 9 6 Relative a 21 10 0 ERROR MESSAGES a 21 ot ttn EI CELA ERU 22 10 2 INON Fatal trons ote tent ete hoe tette ttti UE t t 23 Wann 5 eon sot mt trier rdi rM T dre 25 11 0 OUTPUT FILE 26 dst Listing File Formal t Tr 26 11 2 Motorola S record Object File Format
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7. 26 11 3 Intel HEX Object File 27 APPENDIX A TESTO5 LISTING 28 APPENDIX B MC6805 AND MC68HC05 Instruction 34 TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 3 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL 1 0 INTRODUCTION TASMOS is a 6805 6305 cross assembler program It is one of an integrated set of software and hardware tools provided by to facilitate the development of 6805 and 6305 single chip microcomputer applications These tools are designed to run on the IBM family of personal computers under the PC DOS disk operating system Version 2 1 or higher These tools also run on true IBM compatible personal computers TASMOS takes its input from a PC DOS text file and creates as output an object code file in either Intel HEX or Motorola S record format and a listing file in PC DOS text format When invoking a number of option switches may be used to control the output generated A variety of pseudo operation codes may be included in the source code text file to control the format of the output generated This manual is intended as a reference document for the experienced 6805 6305 assembly language programmer It is assumed that the user is familiar with the 6805 or 6305 instruction set and chip architecture Less experienced users should become familiar with the information contained in the following publications available from Motorola S
8. Ga G ped op pn p E GO gt BHA PUB IO lH G QO IO QG I OPICA I G IH QO I d Dow 1 H I H O I H H zx I H HOI H I A amp I Yo Q o m M L Ama Voie m Br Ge lt lt lt Se So ea lt Se ddl lieu Se ca lt ca Se ee L q 1 100000000 100000000 8 amp 8 amp uuuutultuI mee waw w w IT 100000000 100000000 x l oqp i gt nb n n n n n pp p gt 1000000 0 4 1 Q QQ QQ Q Q O Ip H OOOH 4444 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 44444 O c cQ 0 sr 3E Occ MW lt H H 06 04 4 H E43 E43 Es 13 53 153 153 AAAI El
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10. COMPL MEMORY INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET BYTE X COMPL MEMORY INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET COMPARE INDEX REGISTOR WITH MEMORY IMMEDIATE BYTE DIRECT WORD EXTENDED INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET BYTE X INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET WORD X INDEXED 2 BYTE OFFSET DECIMAL ADJUST ACCUMULATOR TASMO5 SOURCE FILE SYNTAX OPCODES amp ADDRESSING MODE EXAMPLES 0163 0164 0165 0167 0168 016A 4A 5A 3A03 7A 6A03 A803 DECA DECX DEC DEC DEC EOR DECREMENT ACCUMULATOR DECREMENT INDEX REGISTER BYTE DEC MEMORY X DEC MEMORY INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET BYTE X MEMORY INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET EXCLUSIVE OR MEMORY WITH ACCUMULATOR IMMEDIATE FFA TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 30 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL 6C 6E 71 72 74 77 78 79 7 C 80 83 84 86 89 8B 8E 8F 91 94 96 98 9 9 9E 1 5 A8 A9 AB 2 B3 5 6 B7 B9 BA 803 811 8 803 0811 4 5 3C03 7C 6C03 BC03 BD03 CD FD ED03 DD A603 B603 C611 F6 E603 2611 AE03 03 11 DE11 48 58 3803 78 6803 44 54 3403 74 6403 42 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 EOR EOR EOR EOR EOR INCA INCX INC INC
11. I 1 MODES X1 DIR IADDRESSINGI short short x 0 short x x emsa m i MM short x x r rm JEFE byte short long byte short long BOOLEAN EXPRESSION 76543210 A X 7 6 5 432 120 short x x 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 short OPERATION Logical Logical unsigned MULtiply complement SOURCE FORMS UL LDA short LDA short x LDX short LDX short x 151 short 151 short x LSR short LSR short x NEG short N NEG short x M N 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 05 USER S MANUAL LOADED FROM STACK Page 38 46 56 DIR DIR NH INH SP 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 SP long x short x
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15. 5 05 USER S MANUAL A Cross Assembler Program for Motorola 68 05 Microcomputers ey The Engineers Collaborative Inc Webite at www tec i com Email support tec i com TASMO5 USER S MANUAL IMPORTANT WARRANTY AND LIABILITY INFORMATION The Engineers Collaborative Inc makes no warranties expressed or implied for this software No warranty of fitness for a particular purpose is offered The user is advised to test the software thoroughly before relying on it The user assumes the entire risk of using the product The total liability of The Engineers Collaborative Inc is limited to the purchase price of the product and does not cover any lost profits special incidental or consequential damages or any claim against the pur chaser by any party SOFTWARE LICENSE STATEMENT US copyright law and international treaty provisions protect this software Therefore you must treat this software just like book with the following exception The Engineers Collaborative Inc authorizes you to make archival copies of the soft ware for the sole purpose of backing up our software and protecting your investment from loss By saying just like a book The Engineers Collaborative Inc means that the software cannot be used by two different people in two different places at the same time OTHER The information contained in this manual has been carefully checked and is believed
16. 99 9B MODES X2 NH NH ADDRESSING long x short x BOOLEAN EXPRESSION bit short byte long LO 97 4D 5D 6D 0 bit SP 1j ep 20 short x x clocks stopped OPERATION Subtract Set C bit 4 4 q4 4 q q4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Set I bit 4 4 q4 4 q4 q4 4 p p 4 4 4 4 STore SOURCE FORMS SBC byte SBC short SBC long SBC long x SBC short x STA short STA long 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 05 USER S MANUAL STA short x STA long x STA clocks swi_vector_hi swi_vect_low PCL A short x X short SP PCL X A SoftWare Interrupt Transfer to X TeST for negative or zero Transfer X to 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 I
17. BYTE X BYTE X 0 PORTA 1 PORTA 2 PORTA 3 PORTB 4 PORTB 5 PORTB 6 PORTC 7 PORTC Xm Xn X 4 4 X ox 4 WORD WORD X DIRECT EXTENDED INDEXED 0 INDEXED 1 INDEXED 2 IMMEDIATE DIRECT EXTENDED INDEXED 0 INDEXED 1 INDEXED 2 LOGICAL AND ACCUM WITH MEMORY IMMEDIATE DIRECT EXTENDED BYTE BYTE BYTE BYTE BYTE BYTE OFFSET OFFSET OFFSET OFFSET OFFSET OFFSET INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET j INDEXED 2 BYTE OFFSET ARITHMETIC SHIFT LEFT ACCUMULATOR INDEX REGISTER DIRECT INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET ARITHMETIC SHIFT RIGHT ACCUMULATOR INDEX REGISTER DIRECT INDEXED 0 INDEXED 1 BRANCH IF BIT CLEAR BIT CLEAR BIT CLEAR BIT CLEAR BIT CLEAR BIT CLEAR BIT CLEAR BIT CLEAR BRANCH IF BRANCH IF BRANCH IF BRANCH IF BRANCH IF BRANCH IF BRANCH IF BRANCH IF BIT TEST MEMORY WITH ACCUMULATOR IMMEDIATE DIRECT EXTENDED BYTE BYTE CARRY CLEAR CARRY EQUAL HALF CARRY CLEAR HALF CARRY SET HIGHE HIGHER OR SAME INTERRUPT LINE HIGH INTERRUPT LINE LOW OFFSET OFFSET TA TA TA TB TB TB TC TC SET R INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET INDEXED 2 BYTE OFFSET FFA TECE The Engineers
18. x x 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 short lt SOOFF 76543210 76543210 SP SP 1 SP thy SP 1 1 byte TED SP SP SP SP No Operation 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 ROtate Left through ROtate through ReTurn Interrupt ReTurn from Subroutine LX LX P S O ROR short x T ROR 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 byte ORA short ORA long ORA long x ORA short x ORA ROL short ROL short x ROR short N R 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 The Engineers Collaborative Inc 1 CONDITION CODES VA EE EE EE EDT EHE BYTES CYCLES OPERAND MACHINE CODE OPCODE
19. 05 DEMO ASM HEMO ASM 3 Warranty Registration found with the manual FFA Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 4 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL If any of these items are missing please call TECI to obtain them 3 0 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS The TECI development tools require an IBM PC either ISA Industry Standard Architecture as in the IBM PC XT AT or com patibles EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture as commonly found in IBM PC compatibles or MCA Micro Channel Architecture as found in the IBM PS2 At least 256k RAM memory one 5 1 4 inch disk drive and PC DOS Version 2 1 or higher or the equivalent MS DOS version operating system FFA TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 5 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL 4 0 CREATING A WORKING SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT 68 05 software development tools are supplied on a 5 1 4 inch double sided double density floppy diskette The files supplied on this diskette are as follows 5 05 This is 6805 cross assembler program DEMO ASM This is MC68705P3 source code that can be used to familiarize 1st time users with the format of TASM05 source files for the MC68705P3 HEMO ASM This is HD63705 source code file that can be used to familiarize 1st time users with the format of TASMOS source files for the HITACHI HD63705VOP It is assumed that the developer will be working on a computer with a hard disk Thou
20. BSZ pseudo op described above It is included in TASMO5 for compatibility with other assemblers FORM CONSTANT CHARACTERS FCC Argument or Symbol FCC Argument The form constant characters pseudo op is used to initialize one or more consecutive memory locations to the string characters specified by the argument The characters of the string must be delimited by 7 Examples FCC is the time for all good men Symbol FCC How now brown cow FILL FILL Argumentl Argument2 Or Symbol FILL Argumentl Argument2 The fill pseudo op is used to fill the number of consecutive memory locations specified by argument2 with the value specified by argumentl The arguments must be separated by a comma The value of argument must be between 0 and 255 Examples FILL 10 fills ten memory locations with OFFH Symbol FILL 1 3 fills three memory locations with one s FFA TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 15 TASM05 USER S MANUAL 8 2 ORG and END Pseudo Ops ORG argument Set program origin Sets the program counter to the value of the argument This statement must precede the first code generating statement in a source file Additional ORG pseudo ops may be used throughout the source file to create separate program fragments The argument may be a numeric constant or an expression as shown in the examples below Examples ORG 100H sets origin to 256 ORG 10 2 sets origin to 20 ORG 10 2 sets origin
21. Collaborative Inc Page 29 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL APPENDIX A TESTO5 LISTING FILE TASMO5 SOURCE FILE SYNTAX OPCODES amp ADDRESSING MODE EXAMPLES 0084 0086 0088 00 00 00 00 0 00 2 00 4 00F7 OOFA OOFD 03 06 09 ooo o 11 14 11 1A 1D 20 23 26 28 2 2 2 30 32 34 36 38 39 oo 3A 3B 41 43 45 48 49 4B 4 52 53 55 57 59 5C 5D SF OUO OO 0162 APPENDIX A TESTO5 LISTING FILE 25FE 23FE 2CFE 2BFE 2DFE 26FE 2AFE 20FE 0100FD 0300FD 0500FD 0700FD 0900FD OBOOFD ODOOFD OFOOFD 21FE 0001FD 0201FD 0401FD 0601FD 0801FD OAO01FD OCO1FD OEO1FD 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 1A00 1 00 1E00 ADFE 98 9A 4 5E 3F03 6 03 A103 B103 11122 Fi E103 D11122 43 53 3303 73 6303 A303 B303 C31122 E3 E303 D31122 8D BLO BLS BMC BMI BMS BNE BPL BRA BRCLR BRCLR BRCLR BRCLR BRCLR BRCLR BRCLR BRCLR BRN BRSET BRSET BRSET BRSET BRSET BRSET BRSET BRSET BSET BSET BSET BSET BSET BSET BSET BSET BSR CLC CLI CLRA CLRX CLR CLR CLR CMP CMP CMP CMP CMP CMP COMA COMX COM COM COM CPX CPX CPX CPX CPX CPX DAA BRANCH IF LOWER BRANCH IF LOWER OR SAME 5 BRANCH IF INTERRUPT MASK CLEAR 5 BRANCH IF
22. Collaborative Inc TASMO5 USER S MANUAL Q IN O I Q O 1 1 Se gs aig n 4 gt wn gt m E d lt H FE gt Borah S 9 z H Qoo Ha o 5 lt a qn Own d n On m x 25 lt m A ae Da 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 l p d og 4 1 Teoh Teoh j oh 7 Pe l pe lt t Pe 2 l l l l l l pe p sg Pe l __ eo QNO sno 852 le so 9 299 tn 10 u uu 10 10 LO LO LO LO LO LO LO 10 O O 10 10
23. INC JMP JMP JMP JMP JMP JSR JSR JSR JSR JSR LDA LDA LDA LDA LDA LDA LDX LDX LDX LDX LDX LDX LSLA LSLX LSL LSL LSL LSRA LSRX LSR LSR LSR MUL BYTE WORD ix BYTE X WORD X BYTE ix BYTE X BYTE WORD ix BYTE X WORD X BYTE WORD WORD X BYTE BYTE WORD BYTE X WORD X BYTE BYTE WORD WORD X BYTE DIRECT EXTENDED INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET INDEXED 2 BYTE OFFSET INCREMENT ACCUMULATOR INCREMENT INDEX REGISTER INC MEMORY INC MEMORY INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET INC MEMORY INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET JUMP DIRECT EXTENDED INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET INDEXED 2 BYTE OFFSET JUMP TO SUBROUTINE DIRECT EXTENDED INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET INDEXED 2 BYTE OFFSET LOAD ACCUMULATOR FROM IMMEDIATE DIRECT EXTENDED INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET INDEXED 2 BYTE OFFSET LOAD INDEX REGISTER FROM MEMORY IMMEDIATE DIRECT EXTENDED INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET INDEXED 2 BYTE OFFSET LOGICAL SHIFT LEFT ACCUMULATOR INDEX REGISTER MEMORY DIRECT MEMORY INDEXED 0 BYTE MEMORY INDEXED 1 BYTE LOGICAL SHIFT RIGHT ACCUMULATOR INDEX REGISTER MEMORY DIRECT MEMORY INDEXED 0 BYTE MEMORY INDEXED 1 BYTE MULTIPLY
24. K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K k k K K K K k k k k THE FOLLOWING IS AN ASSEMBLY OF ALL 6805 6305 OPCODES AND ADDRESSING MODES k k k k i 0080 ORG 80H START OF EPROM AREA ADD MEMORY WITH ACCUM WITH CARRY 0080 A903 START ADC BYTE IMMEDIATE FFA TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 28 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL 0082 0084 0087 0088 008D 008 0091 0094 0095 0097 009 009C 009E 00A1 00A2 00A4 00A7 00A8 00A9 00AB 00AC 00 OOAF 0080 0082 0083 0085 0087 0089 0088 008 00 1 00c3 00c5 00 7 00c9 00CB 00CD 00 0001 0003 0005 0007 0009 OODB 00DE OODF 00 1 B903 9 F9 E903 D9 BBO3 CB FB EBO3 DB A403 B403 C4 F4 E403 D4 48 58 3803 78 6803 47 57 3703 77 6703 24FE 1100 1300 1500 1701 1901 1801 1002 1602 25 27FE 28FE 29FE 22FE 24FE 2FFE 2EFE A503 B503 511 F5 E503 0511 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADD ADD ADD ADD ADD ADD AND AND AND AND AND AND ASLA ASLX ASL ASL ASL ASRA ASRX ASR ASR ASR BCC BCLR BCLR BCLR BCLR BCLR BCLR BCLR BCLR BCS BEQ BHCC BHCS BHI BHS BIH BIL BIT BIT BIT BIT BIT BIT BYTE WORD WORD X BYTE BYTE WORD BYTE X WORD X BYTE BYTE WORD BYTE X WORD X
25. Only one error is detected per line Before the program ends it prints a message that indicates how many lines contained errors EAR TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 21 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL TASMOS is a two pass assembler Pass 1 must be completed without errors before pass 2 is started Errors detected on pass 1 are displayed on the video screen only since the output files are generated on pass 2 If no errors are detected during pass 1 TASMOS prints the message Starting Pass 2 on the video screen 10 1 Fatal Errors Fatal errors are errors serious enough that the assembler can not continue to assemble the source statements When a fatal error is detected TASMOS prints the error message on the video screen then exits to DOS Fatal error messages and causes are listed below Fatal error Error can t open fname This message is displayed when the main source file typed when invoking TASMOS can not be opened The file name may been typed incorrectly or the file may not reside on the currently logged drive or the specified drive FATAL ERROR couldn t open include file fname This message is displayed when an include file can t be opened The file name may have been typed incorrectly in the main source file or the file may not reside on the currently logged drive or the specified drive Fatal error Error source file name must follow program name This message is displayed when the operator fails
26. Q 10 170 H IN nm nm I 1 k es SPY gt F l Go G Gg xO c pc e lt lt lt k ES lt Sp l dl H H ong tow wd ow Hl dl H H og Add dd cH oH oH lt orm m pu rare ea PA mom E E dace eet uL c c cu LE M gt lt Do t cd ocd 65 k krt lir yp duo do m gt gt H H lt H d Ila Hq I CGN O lt Ged YP O DI ng I 20 Hd E 0 d ood 1 4 0 G GO Om G d d H H l H H I H I H H HTN H l H 22 NE M E LE d lt dede emp em ea ee mem ce eR em emen
27. names to a numeric value etc 8 1 Storage Definition Pseudo Ops DEFINE BYTES DB Argument Argument_2 Argument_N or Symbol DB Argument Argument_2 Argument_N The define bytes pseudo op is used to initialize memory locations to the value of the argument It can also be used to associate a symbolic name to the memory location The argument must be either a numeric constant or a character string constant Numeric constants must be a value between OH 0 and OFFH 255 Examples DB FF DB 0B3H EAR TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 10 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL DB 255 DB How now brown cow symbol DB How now brown cow FFA TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 11 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL DEFINE WORD DW Argument Argument 2 Argument Symbol DW Argument Argument_2 Argument_N The define word pseudo op is used to initialize two consecutive memory locations to the value of the argument It can also be used to associate a symbolic name to the first of 2 memory locations The most significant byte is stored first then the least signifigant byte The argument must be a numeric constant with value between and OFFFFH 65535 Examples DW 0 DW 257 symbol DW FFFF DW OFC49H this is the same as DB FC 49 DEFINE STORAGE DS Argument or Symbol DS Argument The define storage pseudo op is used to reserve the number of consecutive memory locations specified by the argument It
28. the first pass through the source file statements TASMOS5 does only the work required to associate values with the symbols that appear in the source file The output files are generated on the second pass If errors are found on the first pass error messages are displayed on the screen and TASMOS terminates before attempting the second pass 5 1 Output Control Switches The output control switches are 3 or 4 letter mnemonics that are typed on the command line following the source code filename when invoking TASMOS These switches control the output generated 5 05 as follows NLF NO LISTING FILE NLF can be used to prevent the generation of the listing This switch might be used when first assembling a source code file to see if the file assembles without errors NOF NO OBJECT FILE NOF can be used to prevent the generation of the object code file It might be used in the same manner as NLF NST NO SYMBOL TABLE NST prevents the generation of the symbol table The symbol table is an alphabetical listing of all symbols and their associated values The symbol table is appended to the end of the listing file LTP LIST TO PRINTER LTP can be used to send a copy of the listing file to the printer HEX Changes the object code file format to INTEL HEX WOE WAIT ON ERROR WOE is used to prevent error messages from scrolling off the screen before they can be read When used assembly is halted after an error message has been sen
29. to 5 ORG 10 2 sets origin to 8 ORG 10 2 sets origin to 12 ORG 2 sets origin to current value of pc 2 ORG 2 sets origin to current value of pc 2 Note that either or may be used to specify current program counter value memsize EQU 2 1024 smemsize 2048 ORG memsize 8 sets origin to 2040 END argument The END pseudo op is an optional statement that can be included as the last statement of the primary source file INCLUDE files must not have an END statement If used the value of the argument becomes the start address specified by the end record of the object code file The argument must be a numeric or symbolic constant with value between OH and OFFFFH Examples END 80H start EQU 80H END start FFA TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 16 TASM05 USER S MANUAL 8 3 Symbolic Constants symbol EQU argument The EQU pseudo op assigns the value of the argument to the symbol name The argument must be a numeric constant or an expression Once defined by EQU the symbolic name may be used throughout the source file in place of its value Once a symbol has been assigned a value by the EQU pseudo op the same symbol can not be assigned another value elsewhere in the source file Symbolic constants are constants Examples PORTA EQU 0 memsize EQU 2 1024 7 ORG memsize 10 8 4 Include Pseudo OP The Include pseudo op causes the specified file to be processed as if its source code
30. to type the name of the source code file after 5 05 when invoking the assembler Fatal error error writing listing file check disk space Fatal ERROR writing to disk check disk space Fatal error Can t open output listing file check disk space Fatal error Can t open output object code file check disk space These errors may occur part of the way through an assembly if all of the available disk space on the currently logged drive is used To correct this error more space will have to be made available on the currently logged drive Fatal error No mem for fwd refs Fatal error No space for fwd refs These errors may occur if your machine does not have enough available memory to store the required information for the forward references in the source file being assembled To correct the problem the number of forward references in the source file must be reduced Currently TASMOS allocates space for 500 forward references Fatal error Error in Mnemonic table If this error appears the 5 05 program file has been corrupted A new copy of the program will have to be obtained from a backup copy or from TECI 10 2 Non Fatal Errors Non fatal errors are errors that are detected but not serious enough to cause termination of the assembly They most certainly are serious enough to prevent the program under development from performing its intended function however A list of non fatal errors and probable
31. 0 load the A register with the contents of memory location 0 LDX small load the X register with the contents of memory location specified by small 9 4 Extended Addressing In extended addressing the address of the operand is contained in the two bytes following the instruction opcode Extended addressing can be used to access any memory location The operand field must contain a numeric or symbolic constant TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 20 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL LDA 256 load the A register with the contents of memory location 256 LDX large load the X register with the contents of memory location specified by large 9 5 Indexed Addressing In indexed addressing the contents of the X register is used to calculate the address of the operand There are 3 types of indexed addressing indexed no offset indexed one byte offset and indexed two byte offset The address of the operand 15 the offset plus the contents of the X register In the case of indexed no offset the contents of the X register is the address of the operand SMALL EQU 20 LARGE EQU 500 DATADB 10 LDX 7 LDA X indexed no offset load the A reg with the contents of address 7 LDX sloads with address of DATA LDA X loads A with the contents of DATA which was initialized to 10 LDA SMALL X indexed one byte offset load the reg with the contents of address 27 LDA LARGE X indexed two byte offse
32. 1 2 Motorola S record Object File Format Each line of this file has the following format Bytes 1 amp 2 51 3 amp 4 The number of data bytes in this record 3 5 amp 6 Load Address high byte 7 amp 8 Load Address low byte 9 X Data bytes 2 characters each X41 amp X42 checksum X43 amp X44 carriage return and linefeed The last record in the file is the same as above except that it starts with S9 and the load address field contains the program starting address when specified by an END pseudo op in the source file This field contains zero otherwise The checksum is the ones compliment of the 8 bit sum without carry of the byte count the load address and the data bytes TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 26 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL 11 3 Intel HEX Object File Format Each line of this file has the following format Bytes 1 Colon 2 amp 3 Number of data bytes in this record 4 amp 5 Load Address high byte 6 amp 7 Load Address low byte 8 amp 9 Unused 00 10 Data bytes 2 characters each 1 amp X42 checksum X43 amp x44 carriage return and linefeed The last line of the file is similar to that described above except the number of data bytes 15 0 and the load address is the program starting address if specified by an END pseudo op in the source file This field 15 zero otherwise The checksum is the two s compliment of the 8 bit sum without carry of all the data bytes the load addres
33. 2 The most probable cause of this error is that a symbol name was referred to in the arguments field of a source statement but never appeared in the symbol field of another source statement As an example if we had the source statement JMP WATCHDOG and no source statement had WATCHDOG in the symbol field then we would get an undefined symbol error when TASMOS read the JMP statement on pass 2 of the assembly Undefined operand on Pass One The operands for the EQU and ORG statements must be defined on pass 1 and must occur in the source file before they are used Branch out of Range Target addresses for the relative branch instructions must be within 126 to 129 bytes of the first byte of the branch instruction or within 125 to 130 bytes of a BRCLR or BRSET instruction This error indicates that the target address of the branch is outside these limits Immediate Addressing Illegal Extended Addressing not allowed Unknown Addressing Mode These errors are generated when an illegal or unrecognizeable addressing mode is detected for certain operation codes SYNTAX This is a catch all error message that indicates that the assembler found something that it did not understand but is so confused that it can not give a more specific error message Phasing error Lets hope this error never occurs It indicates that assumptions made by the assembler on pass 1 were proven invalid on pass 2 If this error occurs check for possible problems r
34. 203 SBC BYTE DIRECT 01 7 C21122 SBC WORD EXTENDED 01 F2 SBC ix INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET 01 E203 SBC BYTE X INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET 01 D21122 SBC WORD X INDEXED 2 BYTE OFFSET 01 0 99 SEC SET CARRY BIT 0161 9B SEI SET INTERRUPT MASK BIT STORE ACCUMULATOR IN MEMORY 01 2 B703 STA BYTE DIRECT 01 4 C71122 STA WORD EXTENDED 01 7 F7 STA x INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET 0168 E703 STA BYTE X INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET 01 D71122 STA WORD X INDEXED 2 BYTE OFFSET O1FD 8E STOP CMOS VERSIONS ONLY STORE INDEX REGISTER IN MEMORY 01 STX BYTE DIRECT 0200 CF1122 STX WORD EXTENDED 0203 FF STX INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET 0204 STX BYTE X INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET 0206 DF1122 STX WORD X INDEXED 2 BYTE OFFSET SUBTRACT 0209 A003 SUB BYTE IMMEDIATE 020B B003 SUB BYTE DIRECT 020D 01122 SUB WORD EXTENDED 0210 FO SUB INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET 0211 E003 SUB BYTE X INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET 0213 D01122 SUB WORD X INDEXED 2 BYTE OFFSET 0216 83 SWI SOFTWARE INTERRUPT 0217 97 TAX TRANSFER ACCUM TO INDEX REGISTER TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 32 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL The Engineers Collaborative Inc 6805 6305 Cross Assembler Version 2 3 APPENDIX A TESTO5 LISTING FILE TASMO5 SOURCE FILE SYNTAX OPCODES amp ADDRESSING MODE EXAMPLES TEST FOR NEGITIVE OR ZERO 0218 4D TSTA ACCUMULATOR 0219 5D TSTX INDEX REGISTER 021A 3D03 TST BYTE 7 DIRECT 021C 7D
35. A TIMES X TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc MEMORY OFFSET OFFSET OFFSET OFFSET Page 31 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL The Engineers Collaborative Inc 6805 6305 Cross Assembler Version 2 3 APPENDIX A TESTO5 LISTING FILE TASMO5 SOURCE FILE SYNTAX OPCODES amp ADDRESSING MODE EXAMPLES NEGATE 01 40 NEGA ACCUMULATOR 1 50 NEGX INDEX REGISTER 1 3003 NEG BYTE MEMORY DIRECT 01 1 70 NEG ix MEMORY INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET 01 2 6003 NEG BYTE X MEMORY INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET 01 4 9D NOP NO OPERATION INCLUSIVE OR ACCUMULATOR WITH MEMORY 01C5 AA03 ORA IMMEDIATE 01C7 ORA BYTE DIRECT 01C9 1122 ORA WORD EXTENDED 1 FA ORA INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET 01 EA03 ORA BYTE X INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET 01 DA1122 ORA WORD X INDEXED 2 BYTE OFFSET ROTATE LEFT THRU CARRY 0102 49 ROLA ACCUMULATOR 01D3 59 ROLX INDEX REGISTER 01D4 3903 ROL BYTE DIRECT 0106 79 ROL ix MEMORY INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET 01D7 6903 ROL BYTE X MEMORY INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET ROTATE RIGHT THRU CARRY 01D9 46 RORA ACCUMULATOR O1DA 56 RORX INDEX REGISTER 01 3603 ROR BYTE MEMORY DIRECT 01 76 ROR INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET 010 6603 ROR BYTE X MEMORY INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET 01 0 9 RSP RESET STACK POINTER 01 1 80 RTI RETURN FROM INTERRUPT 01 2 81 RTS RETURN FROM SUBROUTINE SUBTRACT WITH CARRY 01 A203 SBC BYTE IMMEDIATE 01 5 B
36. ECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 8 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL 6 0 5 05 SOURCE FILES Source code files compatible with TASMOS are standard PC DOS ASCII text files The only control codes that can be present in the files are carriage return CR line feed LF and horizontal tab characters These files may be created by the EDLIN text editor supplied with DOS but it is recommended that a more sophisticated editor such as Personal Editor from IBM Wordstar used in the text mode the Sidekick notepad editor etc be used The reader is encouraged to study the example listing in Appendix A to acquire an understanding of source code syntax and format acceptable to TASMOS Source files consist of a series of one line statements in the following forms where denotes optional statement fragments Field 1 Field 2 Field 3 Field 4 comment comment MNEMONIC arguments comment symbol MNEMONIC arguments comment PSEUDO OP arguments comment symbol PSEUDO OP arguments comment MNEMONIC is any standard mnemonic for a 6805 6305 operation code and must not start in the first column of a statement Mnemonics can be either upper or lower case characters or combinations of both BRCLR and BrClr are considered the same by TASMOS PSEUDO OP is any TASMOS pseudo operation and must not start in the first column of a statement TASMOS pseudo ops are described later in this document They can be either upper or lower case characte
37. ES 9 0 6805 6305 ADDRESSING MODES A summary of 6805 6305 addressing modes and instruction syntax is provided in this section The reader is referred to the publications listed in the introduction for additional information Appendix A contains an actual assembly listing of all the 6805 6305 instructions and the addressing modes available for each instruction This listing should be used to provide more comprehensive examples of proper 6805 6305 source code syntax 9 1 Inherent Addressing Inherent addressing instructions contain the operand information implicitly These are one byte instructions such as ROLA Rotate the A register left thru carry ROLX Rotate the X register left thru carry ASLA Arithmetic shift left the A register 9 2 Immediate Addressing In immediate addressing the operand data is contained in the byte following the opcode byte Immediate addressing is designated by a leading and the immediate data must have a value in the range 255 7 load the A register with the number 7 LDX SMALL load the X register with the value of the symbol SMALL 9 3 Direct Addressing In direct addressing the address of the operand is contained in the byte following the instruction opcode Since the address in contained in one byte direct addressing can only be used to access memory locations in first page of memory addresses 0 255 The operand field must contain a numeric or symbolic constant LDA
38. El El El El El El El EL Fi Fi Fi Fi Fi Fi Fi 4 E EH EH E E E o ouo B d lt 1 0200000000 C C0 C Ed BE Bd B Bd 4 H m m x O0 02 02 02 0 U m 0 8 m m m m m m m 0 8 8 m m m coL ld Jd cd i _ _______ __ 4 36 TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc 0 CONDITION CODES eS BYTES CYCLES OPERAND MACHINE CODE 9A I 1 MODES REL DIR EXT ADDRESSING SP 0 0 0 BOOLEAN EXPRESSION PCL SP PCH SP I bit short SP OPERATION Branch to SubRoutine Carry bit I But short short long x short x x SFF A byte A A A short memory short long long x short x x X byte X X memory SP 11 short x x PC BYTES PCL SP PC SP SOURCE FORMS I n n BSR rel
39. Index Register PC Program Counter PCH PC High Byte PCL PC Low Byte SP Stack Pointer Condition Code Symbols H Half Carry Result caused a carry from bit 3 to bit 4 CC register bit 4 I interrupt Mask When Set interrupts are disabled bit 3 N Negate sign Result has bit 7 set bit 2 Z Zero Result is a zero bit 1 C Carry Borrow Result is too large for one byte bit 0 bit is affected bit is unaffected 0 bit is cleared 1 bit is set Addressing Modes Mode Abbreviation Operands Inherent INH none Immediate IMM 11 Direct DIR dd Direct n DIR n dd rr Extended EXT hi lo Indexed no offset IX none Indexed byte offset IX1 LO Indexed 2 byte offset IX2 HI LO Relative REL IT FFA TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 34 CONDITION CODES BYTES CYCLES E E OPERAND MACHINE CODE MODES ADDRESSING BOOLEAN EXPRESSION OPERATION SOURCE FORMS TASM05 USER S MANUAL 1 Tel l RA Pe Pe P lt l ke t kr t be Pe px l ko St Pe
40. MINUS 5 BRANCH IF INTERRUPT MASK SET 5 BRANCH IF NOT EQUAL BRANCH IF PLUS BRANCH ALWAYS 0 PORTA BRANCH IF PORTA BIT 0 CLEAR 1 PORTA BIT 1 CLEAR 2 5 BRANCH IF PORTA 2 CLEAR 3 PORTA 5 BRANCH IF PORTA BIT 3 CLEAR 4 PORTA BRANCH IF PORTA BIT 4 CLEAR 5 PORTA BRANCH IF PORTA BIT 5 CLEAR 6 PORTA BRANCH IF PORTA BIT 6 CLEAR 7 PORTA 5 BRANCH IF PORTA BIT 7 CLEAR BRANCH NEVER 0 PORTB 5 BRANCH PORTB 0 SET 1 BRANCH PORTB 1 SET 2 PORTB 5 BRANCH IF PORTB BIT 2 SET 3 PORTB 5 BRANCH IF PORTB BIT 3 SET 4 PORTB 5 BRANCH IF PORTB 4 SET 5 PORTB 5 BRANCH IF PORTB BIT 5 SET 6 PORTB BRANCH IF PORTB BIT 6 SET 7 PORTB BRANCH IF PORTB BIT 7 SET 0 PORTA BIT SET 0 PORTA 1 PORTA BIT SET 1 PORTA 2 PORTA BIT SET 2 PORTA 3 PORTA BIT SET 3 PORTA 4 PORTA BIT SET 4 PORTA 5 PORTA BIT SET 5 PORTA 6 PORTA BIT SET 6 PORTA 7 PORTA BIT SET 7 PORTA BRANCH TO SUBROUTINE CLEAR CARRY BIT CLEAR INTERRUPT MASK BIT CLEAR ACCUMULATOR CLEAR INDEX REGISTER BYTE CLEAR MEMORY CLEAR MEMORY INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET BYTE X CLEAR MEMORY INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET COMPARE ACCUMULATOR WITH MEMORY IMMEDIATE BYTE DIRECT WORD EXTENDED INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET BYTE X INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET WORD X INDEXED 2 BYTE OFFSET COMPLEMENT ACCUMULATOR COMPLEMENT INDEX REGISTER BYTE COMPL MEMORY
41. TST INDEXED 0 BYTE OFFSET 0210 6003 TST BYTE X INDEXED 1 BYTE OFFSET 021F 9F TXA TRANSFER INDEX REG TO ACCUM 0220 8F WAIT CMOS VERSIONS ONLY 0F38 ORG MOR MASK OPTIONS 0 38 01 DB 01 01 INTO MOR ORG MEMSIZE 8 VECTORS OFF8 0080 DW START TIMER INTERRUPT VECTOR OFFA 0080 DW START EXTERNAL INTERRUPT OFFC 0080 DW START SOFTWARE INTERRUPT OFFE 0080 DW START POWER UP RESET VECTOR 0080 END START Assembly complete Errors 0 Warnings 0 Symbol Table BYTE 0003 Complex 0006 FIVE 0005 MEMSIZE 1000 MESSAGE 0053 MOR 0 38 0001 1 0001 0001 1 0001 0000 0001 PORTC 0002 PORTD 0003 SEVEN 0007 SEVEN_1 0007 START 0080 Six 0006 TEN 000A TWO 0002 WORD 1122 128 0080 TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 33 TASMO 5 USER S MANUAL APPENDIX B MC6805 AND MC68HC05 Instruction Set The table that follows on the next few pages includes all the instructions the MC68HC05 can execute Below the meanings for the abbreviations used in the table Boolean Expression The symbol to the left of this is loaded with what is the the right amp Logical AND Inclusive OR Addition Exclusive OR Subtraction two s complement Multiplication Contents of memory location Example short means contents of memory location called short MCU Registers A Accumulator CC Condition Code Register X
42. X C lt qd X Go n Q x iua I c E Py 3 4 lage I X H HO H SE usb a 1 1 x a ax N x H X gt HD sv p Mop Ip H OOOD H I H O 1 0 GU MC T 50 10 Lue x n m sls naan Qos lt gt 1 qx 1464444 D mmm ZZ Z Z Z rmE E El El fd E H H H H H 7246 56 ec OU S JMP short JMP long JMP long x JMP short x JSR short JSR long 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 N ah Ay n d 11 Ay d p 3 Q 3 N x x oS sv DH do ou HH Page 37 LX JSR Engineers Collaborative Inc 0 CONDITION CODES DESEE 0 11 BYTES CYCLES OPERAND 10 64 42 40 50 MACHINE CODE
43. can also be used to associate a symbolic name to the first of these memory locations The argument must be a numeric constant with value between 0 and 255 The bytes reserved are not initialized Examples DS 10 reserves 10 bytes of storage symbol DS 10H reserves 16 bytes of storage TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 12 TASM05 USER S MANUAL FORM CONSTANT BYTES FCB Argument Argument_2 Argument_N or Symbol FCB Argument Argument_2 Argument_N The form constant bytes pseudo op is used to initialize one or more memory locations to the values specified by the argument It can also be used to associate a symbolic name to the memory location The values of the argument must be either numeric constants character constants or symbol names that have been previously defined The values of the argument must be separated by commas Numeric constants must be a value between and Examples FCB FF FCB 9601110000 symbol FCB 1 2 3 4 FORM DOUBLE BYTES FDB Argument Argument_2 Argument_N or Symbol FDB Argument Argument 2 Argument N The form double bytes pseudo op is used to initialize two or more consecutive memory locations to the values specified by the argument It can also be used to associate a symbolic name to the memory location The values of the argument must be either numeric constants character constants or symbol names that have been previously defined The values o
44. causes are as follows EAR TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 22 5 05 USER S MANUAL us T nsssP u HU Iy GEa x x UI ZeWr nsn L nTs rr r ssUhk lt rsi These error messages will appear in the listing file on the line above the source statement in which the error was detected When displayed on the video screen the line number in which the error occurred and the name of file containing the line in error will be printed in front of the error message Unrecognized Mnemonic Undefined Pseudo Operation Indicates an invalid opcode field in the source code statement The opcode or pseudo op was misspelled or not separated from other fields of the source statement by spaces or tab characters Symbol Redefined An attempt was made to change the definition of an already defined symbol This can happen if more than one source statement has been given the same label or symbol name Illegal Symbol Name The symbol field contains a symbol that contains characters other than the alphanumeric ASCII characters or the symbol name starts with a character other than the alpha characters or the underscore or the period Out of memory space for the symbol table Your machine does not contain enough available memory space to contain the symbol table The number of symbols must be reduced or the amount of available memory increased FFA TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 23 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL Symbol Undefined on Pass
45. d EQU 0 8 another form of hex constant Character constants are enclosed in single or double quotes or EAR TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 9 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL As an example the statement TEXT DB The quick brown fox is equivalent to the statement TEXT DB The quick brown fox 7 0 EXPRESSIONS Expressions may consist of symbols constants or the characters or or denote the current value of the program counter joined together by one of the operators amp IA The operators are the same as in C subtract multiply divide remainder after division amp bitwise logical and bitwise logical A bitwise logical exclusive or Expressions are evaluated left to right and there is no provision for parenthesized expressions Arithmetic is carried out in signed two s compliment integer precision 16 bits on the IBM PO Constants are constructed as follows followed by an ASCII character followed by hexadecimal constant followed by an octal constant followed by a binary constant digits decimal constant Refer to the listing in Appendix A for examples of correct expression syntax 8 0 TASM05 PSEUDO OPERA TIONS Pseudo operations look like normal mnemonics but instead of creating code they tell the assembler to do something They tell the assembler things such as where to start the program where it ends to set aside memory for variables give symbolic
46. e ee N N N N l og CN l See Se H QN c ma m d gt xxx xxx H HH H H H H H F an m a m m m m OOOOOO Shy Shes RU l pet Hl H H H H H Xx l x x x l m gt t 900000000 YOON aao N n 4 lod lod gt 1 25050585 5 5 5 1 l IN l gt 0 e Q
47. e indexed addressing mode was assumed Continuation too long To eliminate this warning make sure that each source statement is complete on one line 11 0 OUTPUT FILE FORMAT 11 1 Listing file format Each line of the listing file generated by TASMOS can be a maximum of 132 characters long The text from each line of the source code file is copied to the corresponding line of the listing file starting at column 16 To create neat appearing printed listing files the user must be aware that each listing file line will be 16 columns longer than the source file lines If listing files will be printed with 80 column lines then the text of the source file lines should occupy 64 columns or less If listing files will be printed with 132 column lines then the text of the source file lines should occupy 116 columns or less It is up to the user to set up his printer for the most appropriate line length Columns 2 5 of a listing file line contain a 4 character hexadecimal number that corresponds to the current value of the program counter Columns 7 14 contain the hexadecimal representation of the code generated by TASMOS Each page of the listing file contains a 6 line heading as explained in the description of the TITLE and SBTTL pseudo ops FFA TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 25 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL At the end of the listing file is the alphabetical listing of all symbols and their associated values in hexadecimal representation 1
48. elated to the size of forward references Rearrange your code and try again TA TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 24 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL Missing Delimiter Missing Delimiter Character These errors occur with the DB or FCC pseudo ops when the delimiter character is missing from the end of a string constant EQU requires label An EQU pseudo op was found that did not have a symbol field EQU statements must have a symbol with which to equate the value specified by the operand field Bad fill A FILL pseudo op was found that did not have the proper operands The FILL pseudo op requires two operands separated by a comma Bit Number must be 0 7 The field that specifies the bit number for the BSET BCLR BRSET and BRCLR opcodes must specify a number in the range 0 7 Unrecognized OPT An OPT pseudo op was found with an invalid argument or operand 10 3 Warning Errors Warning errors are generated when the assembler finds unexpected values or statement syntax in the source file The resulting code generated may or may not be correct Source files should be corrected so that no warnings errors occur before the generated code is trusted A list of warning errors and possible causes are as follows Value Truncated An operand was encountered that was larger than 255 when a byte value was expected The value was truncated to fit in a byte Indexed Addressing Assumed Incorrect indexed addressing syntax was found and th
49. emiconductor Products Inc 3501 Ed Bluestein Blvd Austin Texas 78721 or from Hitachi America Ltd Semiconductor and IC Division 2210 O Toole Avenue San Jose CA 95131 408 942 1500 M6805 M146805 FAMILY USERS MANUAL M6805UM AD2 M6805 HMOS M146805 CMOS FAMILY Microcomputer Microprocessor User s Manual M6805UM AD2 MOTOROLA SINGLE CHIP MICROCOMPUTER DATA 01132 1 HITACHI 8 BIT SINGLE CHIP MICROCOMPUTER DATA BOOK U71 HITACHI HD6305 APPLICATIONS NOTES U66 CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION 5 05 has no provision for target processor verification Some of the opcodes supported by TASMOS are not available on all devices for which TASM05 may be used 5 05 may be used to develop code for all of the Motorola 6805 family of processors and all of the Hitachi 6305 family TASMOS supports the STOP and WAIT opcodes but these instructions can not be used when writing code for the Motorola NMOS 6805 devices 5 05 supports the MUL multiply opcode but this instruction is only available on the Motorola HCMOS devices 5 05 supports the DAA decimal adjust accumulator opcode but this instruction is only available on the Hitachi devices It is up to the user to assure that the above opcodes are used only for target processors that support them 2 0 PACKING LIST You should find these items in the shipping carton 1 Manual 2 Software Diskette found in the pocket of the manual Files on the Diskette 5
50. f the argument must be separated by commas Numeric constants must be a value between and OFFFFH Examples FDB FFFF FDB 0B333H 1110111001110000 symbol FDB 1 2 3 4 FFA TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 13 TASM05 USER S MANUAL RESERVE MEMORY BYTES Argument or Symbol RMB Argument The reserve memory bytes pseudo op is used to reserve the number of consecutive memory locations specified by the argument It can also be used to associate a symbolic name to the first of these memory locations The argument must be a numeric constant with value between 0 and 255 The bytes reserved are not initialized Examples RMB 10 sreserves 10 bytes of storage symbol 10H sreserves 16 bytes of storage BLOCK STORE ZEROS BSZ Argument or Symbol BSZ Argument The block store zeros pseudo op 15 used to reserve the number of consecutive memory locations specified by the argument It can also be used to associate a symbolic name to the first of these memory locations The argument must be a numeric constant with value between 0 and 255 The bytes reserved are each initialized to zero Examples BSZ 10 sreserves 10 bytes of storage initialized to zero symbol BSZ 10H sreserves 16 bytes of storage initialized to zero The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 14 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL ZERO MEMORY BYTES ZMB Argument Symbol ZMB Argument The zero memory bytes pseudo op is the same as the
51. gh all the tools included in this package may be run on a 8088 PC XT class computer with one 5 25 floppy disk drive inexpensive modern computers are available that will provide a more flexible working environment For the XT user with one or two 5 25 floppy drives make at least one backup copy of the TECI diskette and at least one working copy of the same diskette To make a backup use the DISKCOPY command See your DOS manual for more information To create a working copy of the diskette format a diskette with the s switch to make a bootable floppy Copy all the files from your backup of the TECI diskette onto the bootable floppy disk and the working copy of the diskette should be ready to use For anyone with a hard disk including the XT user it is suggested that you work from the hard disk to speed up operations Create a directory on the hard disk and copy all the files on the TECI diskette to that directory For ease of use it is suggested that for users of DOS version 3 x and higher the directory containing the TECI software be added to the PATH in the AUTOEXEC BAT file in the ROOT directory on the hard disk This will enable the user to start up TASM05 EXE from any directory that is the current directory To enable the PATH to the TASMO5 EXE the computer must be rebooted Read your DOS manual for more information about the PATH command It must be stressed that new users read the manuals Even the
52. he text of the users subtitle goes here NOLIST The NOLIST pseudo op can be used to prevent certain sections of the source file from appearing in the listing file All lines of the source file after the NOLIST statement is encountered will not appear in the listing file unless a LIST pseudo op is encountered LIST The LIST pseudo op is used to resume the listing of source file lines in the listing file after listing has been stopped with the NOLIST pseudo op FFA TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 18 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL 8 6 OPT Pseudo Op The option OPT pseudo op is included for compatibility with other assemblers Generally the same functions can be performed with other pseudo ops The syntax of the OPT pseudo op is as follows OPT option where the option is any of the following LIST same as the LIST pseudo op or L NOLIST same as the NOLIST pseudo op or NOL CYCLES does nothing in TASMOS or NOCYCLES does nothing in TASM05 or NOC CONTCYCLES does nothing in 5 or CONTC Examples OPT LIST OPT NOLIST FFA TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 19 TASM05 USER S MANUAL 8 7 Null Pseudo Ops Null pseudo ops are included in TASM05 for compatibility with other assemblers TASMOS5 recognizes them so that errors will not be generated but the program performs no functions when thay are encountered The NULL Pseudo Ops are NAME NAM SPC CYCLES NOCYCLES CONTCYCL
53. most experienced programmer may not be able to intuitively grasp every aspect of the TECI environment though it is simple enough to use after a short acquaintance TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 6 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL 5 0 RUNNING 5 05 To invoke TASMOS type at the DOS ready prompt d TASMO5 d fname asm option 1 option 2 d denotes optional drive specifiers where the 5 program or the source file is to be found and option denotes optional output control switches The output files will always be directed to the currently logged drive fname asm is the source code filename There is no default source file extension so the extension if any must be included when invoking 5 05 Any number of output control options may follow the source file name and these options can be in any order Options must be separated by one or more spaces Normally TASMOS5 generates two output files a listing file and an object code file These files have the same name as the source code file with different file extensions The listing file has extension PRN and the object code file has extension MIK or optionally Object code files with extension MIK are in Motorola S record format and object code files with extension are in Intel HEX format The default format is MIK TASMOS is a two pass assembler it must read the source file twice to complete the generation of object code On
54. nother comment 0001 EQU 1 0 still another comment 0001 1 EQU 10 15 still another comment 0006 Six EQU 3 2 multiply 0007 SEVEN EQU 1 1 000 EQU 20 2 divide 0002 TWO EQU 5 3 remainder after division 0080 128 EQU SFF amp 80 bitwise AND 0005 FIVE EQU 4 1 bitwise OR 0007 SEVEN_1 EQU 52 2 bitwise 0006 Complex equ ONE ONE_1 Six TWO 6 expressions are evaluated left to right 0000 ORG 0 ORIGINATE AT ADDRESS 0 EXAMPLES OF STORAGE DEFINITION PSEUDO OPS 0000 00 DB 0 define byte example 0001 0000 DW 0 define word example 0003 DS 2 define storage example reserves 2 bytes 0005 RMB 10 reserve 10 memory bytes 000 00010203 FCB 0 125 3 form constant bytes 0013 00000001 FDB 0 1 2 3 form double bytes 00020003 001B 48656 6 Hello form constant characters 6F 0020 48656C6C DB Hello another way to do it 6F 0025 00000000 ZMB 8 zero 8 memory bytes 00000000 002D 00000000 BSZ 8 another way to do it 00000000 0035 FILL OFFH 10 fill ten bytes with OffH EFEEEEFEE FFFF 0049 ORG 5 10 ORG WITH EXPRESSION 0053 ORG 10 another to do it 0053 4E6F7720 MESSAGE DB is the time for all good men long message 69732074 68652074 696D6520 666F7220 616C6C20 676F6F64 206D656E 202 202 202 APPENDIX A TESTO5 LISTING FILE 5 05 SOURCE FILE SYNTAX OPCODES amp ADDRESSING MODE EXAMPLES JOO k k k k K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
55. rs or combinations of both Symbols if present must start in column 1 of the statement consist of 1 to 15 ASCII alphanumeric characters and begin with a letter a period or an underscore Capital letters are significant in symbol names That is the assembler will treat Dog dog and doG as unique symbols Comments must be preceded by a semicolon or an asteric when they appear on a line by themselves Comments that appear as the last field of a line do not have to be preceded by a semicolon or asteric but must be preceded by a space or horizontal tab character and can not start with an expression operator character The fields of a statement must be delimited by at least one space or a horizontal tab character The arguments portion of a statement consists of from 1 to 3 symbols numeric constants character constants expressions or combinations depending on the MNEMONIC or PSEUDO OP Constants consist of a sequence of characters optionally preceded by a radix specifier The default radix is ten A radix of 16 may be specified by a leading or by a trailing H If a trailing H is used the first digit of the constant must be a decimal digit As an example the numeric constant 15 may be specified as 15 F or as OFH Constant examples One hundred EQU 100 a decimal constant One hundred EQU 64 a hexadecimal constant One hundred EQU 144 an octal constant One hundred EQU 961100100 a binary constant Two hundre
56. s and the byte count TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 27 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL APPENDIX A TESTO5 LISTING FILE TASMO5 SOURCE FILE SYNTAX OPCODES amp ADDRESSING MODE EXAMPLES ba a A SONORO i a Te bu ORS AT A RAR ERN Test File Fname TEST05 ASM ak pone 10 01 86 kk aa RAE eap eK TW SKI REOR Ke ee oe RIKER RII KR ERTEN This is a comment line This is another form of comment line The following show the syntax of pseudo ops whose source lines do not show up in the listing file Use as shown without comment char to start the line INCLUDE A MYFILE ASM include MYFILE ASM TITLE Title text specify the page header title SBTTL Subtitle text specify the page header subtitle PGLEN 64 print 64 lines per page NOLIST turn listing off LIST turn listing NOLIST another way to turn listing off PAGE force a page break 1000 MEMSIZE EQU 4 1024 EXPRESSION EXAMPLE 0F38 MOR equ 38 MASK OPTION REGISTER 0 38 1122 WORD EQU 1122H 16 BIT CONSTANT 0003 BYTE EQU 3 8 BIT CONSTANT 0000 PORTA equ 0 port a address 0 0001 PORTB equ 1 11 0 port b address 1 0002 PORTC equ PORTA 2 11 0 port c address 2 0003 PORTD equ PORTA 3 21 0 port d address 3 expression examples 0001 ONE EQU 3 2 this is a comment 0001 1 EQU 2 a
57. statements were present in the main source file at the location of the INCLUDE pseudo op Included files must not contain INCLUDE pseudo ops Include files can not be nested The main source file can contain any number of INCLUDE pseudo ops Included files must not contain an END pseudo op If the file to be included does not reside on the currently logged drive the filename must contain the drive specification Examples INCLUDE B MYFILE ASM INCLUDE EQUATES ASM INCLUDE A TIMERISR ASM 8 5 Listing Control Pseudo Ops PAGE The PAGE or optionally just PAG pseudo op causes a form feed character to be inserted into the listing output file This causes the printed listing to skip to the top of the next page FFA TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 17 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL PGLEN argument The PGLEN pseudo op sets the number of lines that will be printed on each page of the listing to the value specified by the argument The argument must be a numeric constant Examples PGLEN 55 PGLEN 66 TITLE SBTTL text Each page of the listing file contains a heading at the top of the page that is of the following form blank line TECI 6805 6305 Cross Assembler Version blank line User specified title User specified subtitle blank line The user specifies the text of the title and subtitle by means of the TITLE and SBTTL pseudo ops as shown in the following examples TITLE Text of users title goes here SBTTL T
58. t load the reg with the contents of address 507 9 6 Relative Addressing Relative addressing is used by the branch instructions and by the bit test and branch instructions BRCLR and BRSET In relative addressing the last byte of the instruction is added to the program counter to obtain the address of the next instruction if the branch is taken The target address of the branch must be within 126 to 129 bytes 125 to 130 for the BRCLR and BRSET inst of the program counter value following the branch instruction TASMOS calculates the value of the byte to added to the pc value and generates a branch out of range error message if these limits are exceed BCS timer branch to the inst labeled timer if the carry flag is set BRCLR 7 porta timer branch to the inst labeled timer if bit 7 of porta is a zero 10 0 ERROR MESSAGES Source files must assemble with no errors before the generated code can be trusted When no errors are found TASMOS prints the message Assembly complete errors 0 warnings 0 on the video screen and includes this message at the end of the listing file When errors are detected a message is displayed on the video screen and an error message is included in the listing file on the line above the line in which the error was detected Error messages sent to the video screen include a description of the error the line number of the line in error and the name of the file that contains the line in error
59. t to the screen until the operator presses any key SPF SUPPRESS PAGE FORMATTING This switch is used to suppress normal page formatting TASMOS normally inserts a form feed character into the listing file after each 64 lines or after the number of lines specified by the PGLEN pseudo op then it inserts 5 lines of page header information into the listing file See section 5 5 The SPF switch is used to prevent this page formatting 5 2 Examples Some examples of invoking TASMO5 follow The examples assume that a source code file named WIDGET ASM exists TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 7 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL Type at the DOS ready prompt 5 05 WIDET ASM or 5 05 widget asm In this example no output control switches are used therefore a listing file will be created on the currently logged drive named WIDGET PRN and an object code file will be created in Motorola S record format named WIDGET MIK If we had typed at the DOS ready prompt TASMO5 WIDGET ASM HEX LTP a listing file named WIDGET PRN and an object code file named WIDGET HEX in Intel HEX format would have been created and copy of the listing file would have been sent to the printer If we had typed TASMO5 WIDGET ASM NLF WOE no output files would be created and if errors were detected in the source file the program would pause after displaying the error message until the operator pressed any key FFA T
60. to be accurate and complete at the time of printing However no responsibility is assumed for errors that might appear The Engineers Collaborative Inc reserves the right to make changes to the product and or the manual at any time without notice Furthermore The Engineers Collaborative Inc assumes no liability arising out of the use or application of any of its products No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written consent of The Engineers Collaborative Inc C Copyright 1989 2004 The Engineers Collaborative Inc Web Site at www tec i com Email support tec i com All Rights Reserved Printed in the U S A FFA TECE The Engineers Collaborative Inc Page 2 TASMO5 USER S MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 AGS ING ESS 4 3 0 SYSTEM 5 4 0 MC68HCx05 DEVICES 5 5 9 BUNNINGCTASMOD certet rode etuer 6 5 1 OUTPUT CONTROL 5 6 ba sec dote Tama usuta m uteretur aa a a 7 6 0 5 SOURCE FILES 8 TAOSIEXPRESSIONS Eft 9 8 0 TASMO5 9 8 1 Storage Definition
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